Nero Linux - 4 Instruction Manual

Manual

Nero Linux

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Nero Linux

Table of Contents

1 Start Successfully 5

1.1 About Nero Linux 5

1.2 Working With the Program 5

1.3 About the Manual 5

2 First Steps 7

2.1 Installing Nero Linux 7

2.2 Advanced System Settings 7

2.2.1 Device File Names 8

2.2.2 IDE Devices Configuration 9

2.2.3 Setting Correct Permissions on the Devices Files 10

2.2.4 Setting up DMA Acceleration on IDE Devices 11

2.3 Enter Serial Number 12

3 Main Screen 13

4 Compilation Screen 15

4.1 New Compilation Window 15

4.2 Selection Screen 18

Table of Contents

5 Data Disc 20

5.1 Compiling Data Disc 20

5.2 Defining Options 22

5.2.1 Multisession Settings 22

5.2.2 ISO Settings 22

5.2.3 UDF Settings 24

6 Audio CD and Audio Files 25

6.1 Compiling Audio CDs 25

6.1.1 Audio CD Settings 27

6.1.2 Track Properties Tab 28

6.2 Mixed Mode CD and CD EXTRA 29

6.3 Copy Audio CDs to Hard Drive 29

6.3.1 Save Tracks Window 32

6.4 Encode Files Window 35

6.5 Encoding Options 36

7 Compiling DVD-Videos or miniDVDs 38

8 Bootable Disc 40

8.1 Requirements for Booting From a Disc 40

8.2 Bootable Disc Template 40

8.3 Creating and Burning a Bootable Disc 41

9 Loading Image File 43

10 Burn Compilation 44

Nero Linux III

Table of Contents

10.1 Choose Recorder Window 44

10.2 Starting the Burn Process 45

10.3 Burning With Image Recorder – Creating an Image File 47

10.4 Burn Compilation Window 48

10.5 Burn Settings 49

11 Copying a Disc 51

11.1 Methods of Copying 51

11.1.1 On-the-fly Copying 51

11.1.2 Copy Over Image 51

11.2 Copying Disc 52

11.3 Copy Settings 54

11.3.1 Copy Options 56

11.3.2 Read Options 57

12 Erase Rewritable Disc Window 59

13 Configuration Options 61

13.1 Expert Features 62

13.2 System Configuration 63

14 Technical Information 64

14.1 System Requirements 64

14.1.1 General System Requirements 64

14.1.2 Linux Kernel Requirements 64

14.1.3 Supported Distributions 65

14.2 Formats Supported 65

14.2.1 Disc Formats 65

14.2.2 Disc Types 65

14.2.3 Audio Formats and Codecs 65

15 Glossary 67

16 Index 69

17 Contact 71

Nero Linux IV

1 Start Successfully

1.1 About Nero Linux

The powerful burning software Nero Linux allows you to burn your data, music and videos to
disc. Nero Linux gives you full, customized control of your burning projects. You can −
among other things − define the file system, the length of the file name, and the character
set; you can also change the disc label.
Despite its wide range of features, Nero Linux has remained an easy-to-use burning program
that creates discs in just a few steps. You select the disc type to be burned, define the pro­ject type, add the required data and then start burning.

Nero Linux includes a graphical user interface that uses Nero Burning ROM, the well-known
burn program under Windows, as a basis.

Nero Linux is therefore the burning solution for the Linux community.

1.2 Working With the Program

The main function of Nero Linux is to select files and folders and to burn them to a disc. This
is done in three basic steps:

Start Successfully

In the New Compilation window, select a disc type and the disc format and set the op-



tions on the tabs.

In the selection screen, select files that you want to burn.



Start the burn process.



See also:

 Compilation Screen 15
 New Compilation Window 15
 Burn Compilation 44

1.3 About the Manual

This manual is intended for all users who want to learn how to use Nero Linux. It is process­based and explains how to achieve a specific objective on a step-by-step basis.

To make best use of this documentation, please note the following conventions:

Indicates warnings, preconditions or instructions that have to be pre­cisely followed.

Indicates additional information or advice.

Nero Linux 5

Start Successfully

1. Start …

OK

(see…)

[…]

The num
Carry out these actions in the order specified.

Indicates an intermediate result.

Indicates a result.

Indicates text passages or buttons that appear in the program inter­face. They are shown in boldface.

Indicates references to other chapters. They are executed as links
and are shown in red and underlined.

Indicates keyboard shortcuts for entering commands.

ber at the beginning of a line indicates a prompt for action.

Nero Linux 6

2 First Steps

2.1 Installing Nero Linux

Nero Linux is packaged in the RPM and Debian format. These formats are used by the ma­jority of Linux distributions.

The RPM format is used by Red Hat Enterprise Linux, SuSE Linux and Fedora.

The Debian format is used by Debian GNU/Linux and Ubuntu.

To install Nero Linux, proceed as follows:

1. Download the Nero Linux package file from www.nero.com to your computer.

2. If you want to use a graphical interface for the installation, double-click the Nero Linux pack-

age file.

 Your distribution's software installer tool is opened and walks you through the quick and

uncomplicated installation process.

3. If you want to use a terminal:

1. Open a terminal.

2. Go to where your package is located.

3. To install the RPM package enter rpm -i nerolinux-<version>-<machine>.rpm

To install the Debian package enter dpkg -i nerolinux-<version>-<machine>.deb

 Some shortcuts will be added in the KDE and GNOME programs menu. The Debian pa-

ckage will also add a shortcut to Nero Linux in the Debian menu subsystem repository.
You can now easily start Nero Linux over the created shortcut.
The Nero Linux Express application is installed with Nero Linux. Nero Linux Express is a
wizard-driven application based on Nero Linux.

First Steps

If you do not get shortcuts, you can copy the generic ones that are located in
/usr/share/applications/nerolinux.desktop and
/usr/share/applications/nerolinuxexpress.desktop.

2.2 Advanced System Settings

We recommend the following configuration of your system in order to achieve best burn re­sult. In any case, if Nero Linux detects an incorrectly configured setting on your system, it will
warn you when starting.

System Configuration

You can set Nero Linux configuration warnings in the Options window on the
System Configuration tab.

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2.2.1 Device File Names

Here you will find explanations on how to find your device file names and how to set up ac­cess to them. In Linux systems, all the devices are associated with specific files called de­vice files. All device files that are available on your machine are located inside the /dev di­rectory. Depending on the version of the Linux kernel you are using, your recorder device file
name may differ due to the low-level driver it is using.

The kernel is the heart of your Linux system. For example, the kernel provides
low-level drivers which gain access to devices.

How to get the Linux kernel version

To find out which Linux kernel you are using you can enter uname –r into a ter­minal.

Device file names also differ according to the interface on the recorder. Currently, you can
have many different interfaces on a recorder: IDE, SCSI, USB, FireWire (IEEE 1394) or Se­rial ATA.

2.2.1.1 IDE Devices

First Steps

Most internal recorders are connected to the IDE bus. Linux assigns them a device file ac­cording to their position on this bus (bus number and master/slave settings).

Basically, you should have the following naming convention:

/dev/hda : Primary Master device



/dev/hdb : Primary Slave device



/dev/hdc : Secondary Master device



/dev/hdd : Secondary Slave device



If you have an additional IDE controller on your motherboard, the file names
scheme is the same - it uses the remaining letters (for example /dev/hde and
/dev/hdf).

2.2.1.2 SCSI Devices

SCSI recording devices are handled by two different drivers under Linux. Therefore two dif­ferent device files are created to handle one physical device:

/dev/srX or /dev/scdX : Used only to read data from media



/dev/sgX : Used by Nero Linux to communicate with the device



(X is a number identifying your device)
If your recorder is correctly recognized by the Linux kernel it should appear in the file
/proc/scsi/scsi. Unfortunately, there is no way to determine the X number from the SCSI co­ordinates of your recorder. But usually the numbers are used incrementally, starting from 0,
corresponding to the position of the device in the /proc/scsi/scsi file.

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Usually all distributions ship a kernel configured with these options. Depending on your ker­nel configuration, one of these files can be unavailable. In order to have both files, you
should make sure that your kernel is configured with the following options:

CONFIG_SCSI (SCSI support)



CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SR (SCSI CD-ROM support : provides /dev/scdX)



CONFIG_CHR_DEV_SG (SCSI generic support : provides /dev/sgX)



For more information about how to configure your kernel for recording CDs or DVDs, you
can refer to the generic Linux HOWTOs. For example see

CD-Writing HOWTO: http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/other-



formats/html_single/CD-Writing-HOWTO.html

CDROM-Writing HOWTO: http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/other-



formats/html_single/CDROM-HOWTO.html

Nero Linux uses /dev/sgX device files to communicate with your devices. That
way, Nero Linux can send vendor specific commands such as those used to
change the book type of a DVD.

2.2.1.3 External Devices

First Steps

As all external devices are associated with a virtual SCSI device, the file name scheme is the
same as with real SCSI devices.
If you do not see your external device in the /proc/scsi/scsi file after you plugged it in, make
sure that the kernel is correctly configured. For more information please refer to your Linux
distribution documentation.

If your external device is inside the /proc/scsi/scsi file and not present in the recorders list of
Nero Linux, make sure you have the SCSI generic support enabled. Most of the time, load­ing the ‘sg’ kernel module fixes this problem.

2.2.1.4 Serial ATA Devices

Some new recorders now come with a Serial ATA connector instead of the old IDE one.
These devices are correctly handled with the 2.6 kernel libata. However we strongly recom­mand to use a kernel 2.6.19 or higher to use such devices without problems.
Serial ATA devices controlled by the libata are – like external devices – associated with a
virtual SCSI device so they should also appear in the /proc/scsi/scsi file.

2.2.2 IDE Devices Configuration

2.2.2.1 IDE Devices Configuration With 2.4 Kernels

With 2.4 kernels, all IDE devices that you want to be available in Nero Linux must use the
ide-scsi driver (even CD/DVD readers). This driver associates a virtual SCSI device with a
standard IDE device.

Nero Linux 9

First Steps

Usually, Linux distributions automatically configure everything so that only recorders use this
driver. In such cases, you will not be able to use your CD or DVD readers in Nero Linux and
you have to make the device use the ide-scsi driver.

Before you configure a device, make sure that you have configured your kernel with the fol­lowing options:

CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDESCSI (SCSI emulation support)



CONFIG_SCSI (SCSI support)



CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SG (SCSI generic support)



Configuring a device so that it will use the ide-scsi driver is done by providing a specific ar­gument hdx=ide-scsi to the kernel command line. For example, if the device file correspond­ing to your recorder is /dev/hdb, you will have to provide hdb=ide-scsi to the kernel command
line.
If you do not know how to do this refer to your distribution documentation to find out how to
pass options to the kernel at boot time. Note that most of the actual distributions provide so­me graphical frontends to modify the boot loader parameters:

For Red Hat Linux run ksconfig (this application is called Kickstart Configurator).



When the application is running, click Boot Loader Options and fill the Kernel Parame-
ters field.

For SuSE Linux run YaST2, select System in the left pane and then double-click Boot



Loader Configuration. Once the module is launched, click Edit Configuration Files to
set up the device parameters.

2.2.2.2 IDE Devices Configuration With 2.6 Kernels

With 2.6 kernels, the native IDE CD-ROM driver called ide-cdrom has been completely re­written to use the latest technologies available and permit optical disc recording. This driver
includes DMA acceleration that lets you use high-speed devices (like DVD recorders).
Accordingly, the ide-scsi driver (that has been used with lower version kernels) has been de­precated. If you continue using this driver with a 2.6 kernel your devices will not be available
with Nero Linux (note that you will also receive a warning message from the kernel at boot
time).

In order to use an IDE device with Nero Linux under a 2.6 kernel, you must associate it with
the ide-cdrom driver. Therefore, the kernel command line must not be associated with the
"old", ide-scsi driver (no hdXX=ide-scsi parameter).

If you do not know how to do this refer to your distribution documentation.

2.2.3 Setting Correct Permissions on the Devices Files

2.2.3.1 Setting Permissions For Static "/dev" Support

If you want to give other users access to all disc devices you can do this in Linux by setting
correct permissions for corresponding device file names. This takes place in the operating
system and not in Nero Linux.

Nero Linux 10

Requirements:

 You have enough privileges to do so.

To set up correct permissions on your device files, proceed as follows:

1. Open a terminal.

2. Type the following command (where X is the letter corresponding to the IDE device):

1. chmod o+r+w /dev/sg*

2. chmod o+r+w /dev/hdX

3. You can run the last command more than once if you have multiple IDE devices.

 Users are given read and write permission on all your SCSI generic devices (CD-ROM

for example) and your IDE disc devices.

If you only want to give access to some users, another possibility is to create a
new group called for example "nero" and change the group of the device files
corresponding to your disc devices with it. Then give read/write permission to
the group on these device files and finally, just add all the users that are al­lowed to use Nero Linux to the newly created group

2.2.3.2 Udev Support

First Steps

Nero Linux supports udev, the new /dev file system implementation that is used in actual Li­nux distributions.
With this file system, all permissions are set during boot time using some specific configura­tion files. In order to make your modifications permanent, you have to change the files lo­cated in /etc/udev/rules.d. For more details, you can have a look at the udev FAQ.

In some rare cases a hotplug device that gets plugged in when Nero Linux is already started
might not be recognized directly. In such cases, simply restart Nero Linux.

2.2.4 Setting up DMA Acceleration on IDE Devices

DMA acceleration provides an improvement in throughput for the disc drives and lets you sa­fely use all your recording devices. Depending on your Linux kernel and distribution configu­ration you might have DMA acceleration that is automatically enabled at startup.
If your hardware supports it, we recommend enabling DMA acceleration not only for IDE
hard drives, but also for disc drives such as CD/DVD readers and recorders.

This takes place in the operating system and not in Nero Linux.

If one of your devices does not have DMA acceleration, Nero Linux will warn you when start­ing the application.

Proceed as follows to activate the DMA acceleration on a device:

1. Type the following command as root: hdparm –d1 /dev/hdX

(where X stands for the letter that corresponds to the IDE device)

 DMA acceleration is activated.

Nero Linux 11

This setting is not permanent. If you want to enable DMA at boot time, you can
add the command above in one of your startup scripts. As these scripts are dis­tribution dependant, please refer to your distribution documentation to find out
how to do this. Please note that most of the distributions have some graphical
frontends to configure this.

2.3 Enter Serial Number

By opening Nero Linux or Nero Linux Express for the first time, you have to enter your name
and serial number in order to activate the program. The activation will be valid for both appli­cations.
However, you always have the option of entering a new serial number in the program after­wards.

First Steps

Nero Linux 12

3 Main Screen

The main screen of Nero Linux is the starting point for all actions. It consists of a menu bar
and a toolbar with buttons and a drop-down menu.

Main Screen

The following menus are available:

File

Edit

View

Recorder

Extras

Provides program facilities such as opening, saving, and closing. You can
also open the setting options for the compilation, update the compilation,
and define configuration options.

Provides editing facilities for the files in the selection screen such as cutting,
copying, and deleting. You can also display the properties of a selected file.

Provides the option to customize the user interface and to refresh the file
browser.

Provides recorder facilities. You can select the recorder here, start the burn
process, and erase a rewritable disc. You can also eject a disc and display
disc information.

Provides the option to convert tracks into other formats and to save the
songs on an Audio CD to the hard drive.

Main window with menu and toolbar

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Main Screen

Window

Help

The following configuration options are available in the tool bar of the main screen.

Provide
area.

Shows information about the application. You can also enter a new serial
number.

Opens the New Compilation window where you can set options for a burn
or copy process.

Opens an existing compilation.

Saves the active compilation.

Cuts selected elements in the compilation (selection).

Copies selected elements of the compilation (selection).

Pastes a selection that was cut or copied beforehand.

Starts the burn process by opening the Burn Compilation window contain-
ing the Burn tab.

Starts the copy process by opening the New Compilation window contain­ing the Burn tab.

s the option to alter the position of the compilation area and browser

Recorder
selection
menu

Displays information on the disc inserted, such as contents (if any) and ca­pacity for instance.

Opens the selected drive.

Shows or hides the file browser.

Displays the user’s home folder contents in the file browser.

Displays available recorders.

Opens the Choose recorder window where you select an available re­corder for the burn process from a list.

Displays information on the program and version number.

Plays an audio file that is dragged from the compilation to the button.

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4 Compilation Screen

4.1 New Compilation Window

In the New Compilation window you can select the disc type and configure the options for
the disc format. The window basically looks the same for all disc types. The only difference is
the tabs that are available. When you start Nero Linux, the New Compilation window opens
automatically. If the window is not open, click the New button. The window consists of a
drop-down menu, a selection list, various tabs, and buttons.

Compilation Screen

New Compilation window, CD-ROM disc type

If the Image Recorder is not enabled, only those disc types supported by the recorder are
displayed in the drop-down menu. If the recorder can only burn CDs, the drop-down menu is
grayed out.

Using Nero Linux you can create image files for disc types that the installed re­corder cannot burn. You can enable this function via the File > Options > Ex-

pert Features menu, Enable all supported recorder formats for image re­corder check box. The drop-down menu in the Compilation window then ma-

kes available all supported disc types.

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The following entries are available in the selection list:

Compilation Screen

Entry

CD/DVD-ROM/Blu-ray
(ISO)

Entry

Audio CD

Entry

Mixed Mode CD

Entry

CD EXTRA

Entry

CD/DVD/Blu-ray Disc
Copy

Entry

miniDVD

Creates a data disc, each file type can be burned. The burned
data complies with the ISO standard.

Creates a standard Audio CD that can be played on all (audio)
CD players at least.

Creates a CD with data and audio files in a single session.
Usually a data file is followed by one or more audio files for in­stance (e.g. soundtrack for PC games).

Older Audio CD players are often not capable of recognizing
the data file and attempt to play it.

Creates a multisession CD with audio and data files that are
stored in two sessions. The first session contains the audio files
and the second session the data.

Common CD players play the first session as Audio CDs. The
second session can only be used by PCs with a CD-ROM drive,
it cannot be recognized by a normal CD player.

Copies a source disc to a CD/DVD/Blu-ray Disc.

Creates a CD that uses the specifications of a DVD. The mi­niDVD has the same technical options and qualities as a DVD.
It can easily be played on a PC, whereas there is no guarantee
that it can be played in all DVD players.

You can use Nero Linux to burn a miniDVD if the DVD video ti­tle, i.e. a complete DVD folder structure, is already available.

Entry

Creates a bootable disc.

CD/DVD-ROM/Blu-ray
(Boot)

Entry

CD/DVD-ROM/Blu-ray

Creates a data disc; all file types can be burned. The burned
data complies with the UDF standard.

(UDF)

Entry

CD/DVD-ROM/Blu-ray

Creates a data disc; all file types can be burned. The burned
data complies with the ISO and UDF standards.

(UDF/ISO)

Entry

DVD-Video

Creates a DVD that delivers high-quality playback of video
and/or picture files on DVD players.

You can use Nero Linux to burn a DVD if the DVD video title,
i.e. a complete DVD folder structure, is already available.

Nero Linux 16

The actual entries that are available and the actual disc types (e.g. DVD) to
which can be written depend on the used recorder.

You can find more information on Blu-ray support at

www.nero.com/link.php?topic_id=416

The following buttons are available:

Compilation Screen

.

Button

Open

Button

New

Button

Opens a file browser where you can find and open a saved compila­tion. You can also open an image file in order to burn a disc.

Creates the selected compilation and displays the selection screen
where you can select the files for burning.

Closes the New Compilation window.

Cancel

You can set the options for the respective disc format on the tabs in the New Compilation
window.

Which tabs are available depends on the disc type that is selected.

The following tabs are available:

Tab

Shows statistical information on the compilation.

Info

Tab

Multisession

Tab

Contains options for configuring multisession discs.

This tab is only available if a burner is installed.

Contains options for configuring the ISO file system.

ISO

Tab

Contains options for configuring the UDF file system.

UDF

Tab

Defines the labels of the disc.

Label

Tab

Dates

Allows you to define the dates of the compilation and of the associ­ated files. You can also specify a validity period for the disc.

You can access the data regardless of the validity period specified.

Tab

Misc

Tab

Audio CD

Defines whether (and if so, which) files are stored in the buffer me­mory.

Contains options for configuring audio files.

You can also enter additional information about the CD.

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Compilation Screen

Tab

Boot

Tab

Burn

See also:

 Multisession Settings 22
 ISO Settings 22
 UDF Settings 24
 Audio CD Settings 27
 Burn Compilation Window 48
 Burn Settings 49
 Copy Settings 54

4.2 Selection Screen

The selection screen is the starting point for work that you want to do on compilations. The
selection screen is displayed in the main screen after you select the disc type and format
and click the New button. The selection screen consists of the compilation area, the browser
area and a capacity scale.

Contains options for configuring a bootable disc.

Contains options for configuring burning.

Selection Screen

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Compilation Screen

The compilation area is named after the relevant compilation. Files and folders are compiled
here for burning. In the browser area (File Browser) you can find the elements that you want
to burn.
The bottom margin of the screen contains a capacity scale in MB for data discs or minutes
(min) for Audio CDs. The exact size of the scale will depend on which disc type you have se­lected.

You can switch the units of the capacity scale by double-clicking on the scale.

If the Browser area is hidden, you can show it again using the

button.

When you are compiling files, a capacity bar indicates how much space the files need on the
disc. The color of the capacity bar indicates whether the data will fit on the disc or not:

Green capacity bar

Yellow capacity bar
(from the yellow mark

The data will fit on the disc.

The data might fit on the disc. The size of the disc that has
been inserted will determine whether the data will fit or not.

on the scale)

Red capacity bar
(from the red mark on

The data will not fit on the disc.

(Unless you have inserted an oversize disc.)

the scale)

The yellow and red marks are set by default for discs that are commercially available. The
disc type you have selected will determine the exact scale value.

Capacity of the CD recordable disc

For example, blank CDs are available with a capacity of 650 MB or 700 MB.
Therefore the yellow mark is set for CDs at 650 MB and the red at 700 MB.

Display the Capacity Bar

If the capacity scale is hidden you can display it again by clicking the File > Op­tions > Compilation menu and by selecting the check box Show the compila­tion size in the Nero status bar.

Nero Linux 19

5 Data Disc

5.1 Compiling Data Disc

With Nero Linux you can compile and burn all types of files and folders. If a Blu-ray recorder
is installed on your computer you can burn data CDs, data DVDs and data Blu-ray Discs. If
you have a CD recorder you can only burn data CDs. The procedure for all data compilation
methods is identical.

The Image Recorder is also suitable for creating an image of a disc type not
supported by the connected recorder. For example, you can therefore create a
DVD image without having installed a DVD recorder. You can then write the
image to a disc at any time.

To create a data disc, proceed as follows:

1. Select the desired disc format (CD, DVD, Blu-ray) from the drop-down menu in the New

Compilation window. (In the case that the New Compilation window is not opened, it can
be opened by clicking the New button on the main screen.)

 The selection list shows the compilation types that can be burned.

Data Disc

New Compilation Window

Nero Linux 20

Data Disc

2. Select the desired compilation type for a data disc from the selection list (CD/DVD-ROM/Blu-

ray Disc (ISO), CD/DVD-ROM/Blu-ray Disc (UDF), or CD/DVD-ROM/Blu-ray Disc
(UDF/ISO).

 The tabs with the configuration options that are valid for this compilation type are dis-

played.

3. Set the options you require on the tabs.

4. Click the New button.

 The New Compilation window is closed and the selection screen is displayed.

5. Select the files/folders that you want to burn from the browser area.

6. Drag the required files/folders into the compilation area on the left side.

 The files are added to the compilation and displayed in the compilation screen. The ca-

pacity bar indicates how much space is required on the disc.

7. Repeat the previous step for all files that you want to add.

 You have successfully compiled a data disc and can now burn this compilation.

See also:

 Burn Compilation 44

Nero Linux 21

Compilation screen

5.2 Defining Options

5.2.1 Multisession Settings

The Multisession tab provides the option to create multisession discs for data discs. Multis­ession discs can be burned in multiple sessions until you have reached the maximum disc
capacity. A session is a self-contained data area that is burned using a single process, and
consists of a lead-in (with the table of contents), one or more tracks, and a lead-out. Discs
without the multisession option, e.g. Audio CDs, are burned in a single session.
If a new multisession disc is being started, Nero Linux also saves (if possible) the point of
origin for the files. This information is used when continuing the multisession disc.
If a multisession disc is being continued, Nero Linux automatically sets a cross reference to
the imported session, i.e. the table of contents for the imported session is copied to the table
of contents for the current session. You must define which session is being imported at the
start of the burn process. The files in the previous sessions are retained and continue to take
up space.
In this case Nero Linux automatically verifies whether the correct multisession disc has been
inserted for continuation. If not, the disc is ejected.

If you disable the Finalize disc check box on the Burn tab, you can always
burn additional sessions on the disc, but then only the last session will be visi­ble and you will only be able to access data from the final session.

Data Disc

Multisession disc

Multisession discs are particularly suitable for backing up important files burned
on a regular basis.

The following configuration options are available on the Multisession tab in the Multises-
sion area:

Option button

Start Multisession
disc

Option button

Continue Multisession
disc

Option button

No Multisession

5.2.2 ISO Settings

The ISO tab provides options for configuring the ISO file system.
ISO 9660 is a system-independent standard. It can be read on all operating systems.

Burns the selected compilation in one session to the disc.
If the disc already contains sessions, you can also select this

option. Sessions are then not imported and cross references
are not set.

Continues a multisession disc by burning an additional session
to a disc with at least one session. Cross references to the im­ported session are set in the process.

Creates a disc without a multisession.

Nero Linux 22

Data Disc

The following features apply:

Permits eight characters (Level 1) or 31 characters (Level 2) for the file name.



Permits eight characters for the folder name.



Restricts the maximum directory depth to eight levels (including root folder).



The characters A-Z, 0-9 and the underscore (_) are permitted.



In the ISO tab, in the area Relax Restriction, the restrictions imposed by the selected file
system can be relaxed. For example, you can allow a higher path level or more than 64 cha­racters for the Joliet

If the disc should be read on all operating systems, select ISO 9660 as the file
system and clear all check boxes in the Relax restrictions area.

If the disc is to be used mainly on computers with Microsoft Windows and you
want to use lowercase letters and/or foreign language characters for the file
names, select ISO 9660 + Joliet as the file system.

The following setting options are available on the ISO tab in the Data and File areas:

name.

Drop-down menu

Data mode

Drop-down menu

File system

Drop-down menu

Length of file name

Drop-down menu

Character set

Drop-down menu

Add Rock Ridge ex­tension

Selects the mode for the data. Mode 1 and Mode 2/XA are
available. Newer drives can easily read Mode 1 and Mode 2/XA
CDs.

However, some older drives cannot read Mode 1 discs cor­rectly. In the case that the disc is to be able to be read in any
case on older drives, select the Mode 2/XA format.

Selects the file system that is used for the data.

ISO 9660 only: ISO format alone is used.
ISO 9660 + Joliet: ISO format is used and is enhanced by the

Joliet standard.
ISO 9660:1999: The latest ISO format update is used. Among
other things it allows the use of 207 characters and a deeper
directory depth.

Defines the possible length of the file name. Level 1 and Level
2 are available. In Level 1 the file name can be eight characters
long and the file name extension (e.g. *.doc) three characters.
In Level 2 the file name can be 31 characters long.

Defines the character set used for ISO names.

Adds a Rock Ridge extension to add POSIX rights to the items
on Unix systems.

Nero Linux 23

5.2.3 UDF Settings

The UDF tab provides options for configuring the UDF file system. The UDF standard was
developed by Osta (Optical Storage Technology Association) in response to the require­ments of DVDs. The standard works on all platforms.

The following setting options are available in the Options drop-down menu:

Data Disc

Entry

Automatic Settings

Entry

Manual Settings

Entry

Enable Xbox compati­bility mode

A disc that is compatible with Xbox cannot be created as a multisession disc.

Sets options automatically for the UDF file system.

We recommend that you select this entry.

Enables you to manually define the UDF partition type and the
file system version.

Creates a disc that is compatible with an Xbox.
This entry is available if the No Multisession option button is

selected on the Multisession tab.

Nero Linux 24

6 Audio CD and Audio Files

6.1 Compiling Audio CDs

Using Nero Linux you can create an Audio CD that contains music files. It can be played us­ing all standard CD players. To compile an Audio CD, source files with different audio for­mats are automatically converted into Audio CD format before being burned.

Audio CD and Audio Files

Some CD players cannot play CD-RWs. Use CD-R

To create an Audio CD, proceed as follows:

discs to burn Audio CDs.

1. Select the CD entry from the drop-down menu in the New Compilation window. (In the case

that the New Compilation window is not opened, it can be opened by clicking the New but­ton on the main screen.)

2. Select the Audio CD compilation type from the selection list.

 The tabs with the configuration options that are valid for this compilation type are dis-

played.

Audio CD

Nero Linux 25

3. Set the desired options on the tabs.

Audio CD and Audio Files

Audio CDs should always be burned using the disc-at-once
is selected by default.

method. This entry

4. Click the New button.

 The New Compilation window is closed and the selection screen is displayed.

5. Select the audio files that you want to burn from the browser area on the right side. The au-

dio file can come from the hard drive or from an Audio CD.

6. Drag the desired audio files into the compilation area on the left side.

 The files are added to the compilation and displayed in the compilation screen. The ca-

pacity bar indicates how much space is required on the disc.

7. Repeat the previous step for all audio files that you want to add.

8. Customize the properties of the audio file to suit your requirements.

 You have successfully compiled an Audio CD and can now burn this compilation.

See also:

 Burn Compilation 44

Nero Linux 26

Compilation screen - Audio CD

6.1.1 Audio CD Settings

The Audio CD tab provides options for setting the Audio CD.

Audio CD and Audio Files

Audio CD Tab

The following configuration options are available on the Audio CD tab in the General area:

Check box

No pause between
tracks

The following configuration options are available in the CD Text area:

Check box

Write on CD

Input field

Title

Input field

Artist

You can also enter additional information about the Audio CD such as the producer or com­ments.

Allows the audio files to merge into one another on the Audio
CD without a pause (just like in live recordings).

If the check box is cleared, there are pauses of two seconds
between the audio files.

Enables the option for writing CD TEXT. With CD players that
support CD TEXT, the title of the CD, the name of the audio file
as well as the name of the artist appear in the display.

Defines the label of the Audio CD.

Defines the artist.

Nero Linux 27

6.1.2 Track Properties Tab

On the Track Properties tab you will find basic information on the selected file in the Sour­ce information area. To open the window, mark an audio file in the compilation screen for

Audio CDs and click the Edit > Properties menu.

Audio CD and Audio Files

The following input areas are available in the Properties area:

Input field

Title (CD TEXT)

Input field

Artist (CD TEXT)

Input field

Pause

Input field

International Stan­dard Recording
Code (ISRC)

Check box

Protection

Defines a title which is saved as CD TEXT.
CD players that support CD TEXT show the title name entered he-

re.

Defines the artist which is saved as CD TEXT.
CD players that support CD TEXT show the artist's name entered

here.

Defines the length of the pause in seconds or frames between the
selected audio file and the next one.

Identifies the CD title using a 12-character digital code. The ISRC is
entered in the subcode and included silently.

If you do not know the ISRC, you should leave this input field blank.

Enables copy protection.

Track properties

Nero Linux 28

6.2 Mixed Mode CD and CD EXTRA

With Nero Linux you can compile CDs that include both audio and data files.

The following compilation methods are available:

Mixed Mode CD



CD EXTRA



A Mixed Mode CD in
the audio files in the first session and the data files in the second session.
The procedure for compiling the audio and data files is basically the same as the procedure
for compiling data or music CDs. Please be sure to select the corresponding entry in the
New Compilation window. The selection screen includes a compilation area for audio files
and one for data files.

See also:

 Burn Compilation 44
 Compiling Audio CDs 25

cludes the data and the audio files in one session. CD EXTRA includes

6.3 Copy Audio CDs to Hard Drive

Audio CD and Audio Files

With Nero Linux you can save audio files from an Audio CD to the hard drive. In the process,
the files are encoded, i.e. converted into a format that the computer can read. The audio file
is usually compressed.
The Audio CD can be automatically identified with freedb. That way you have audio files that
are accurately and fully named after the encoding process.

Internet Database freedb.org

Nero AG is not responsible for the www.freedb.org website, but just provides an
interface to it.

Audio files from copy-protected Audio CDs cannot be saved.

To save audio files, proceed as follows:

1. Click the Extras > Save Tracks menu.

 The Save Tracks window is opened. The Audio CD content is displayed.

Nero Linux 29

Audio CD and Audio Files

2. If you want the metadata to be filled out automatically, click the Internet DB button.

 The disc is analyzed and the required information is sent to freedb. If a matching entry is

found then that metadata will be used and displayed.

3. If necessary, edit the metadata (title, artist, album title, year, genre).

4. Click the Output tab.

 The Output tab is opened.

Save tracks

Nero Linux 30

Audio CD and Audio Files

Save tracks - Output

5. Select the target file's audio format in the File Format drop-down menu

6. Select a method for creating the file name in the File name creation mode drop-down me-

nu.

7. Define other settings according to your preferences.

8. Click the Save Tracks button.

 Conversion starts. The audio files are saved and named according to the method you

chose.

 If you chose the Manual file name creation mode, a window is opened for every track.

Here you can enter the individual file name.

 The Progress window indicates the saving progress. When the save process is com-

plete, this window is closed automatically.

9. Click the Close button.

 The Save Tracks window is closed. You have saved your audio files.

Nero Linux 31

6.3.1 Save Tracks Window

In the Save Tracks window you can define the settings for the audio files that are to be sto­red on the hard drive. You can open the window by clicking the Extras > Save Tracks me­nu.

Audio CD and Audio Files

Save Tracks - Source

The following setting options are available:

Tab

Source

Tab

Output

Button

Save Tracks

Button

Close

Specifies settings for the source of the audio data.

Sets output files configuration options.

Starts the save process.

Closes the window. The audio files will not be saved.

6.3.1.1 Source Tab

The Source tab displays the audio files on the Audio CD. The functions of the control but­tons correspond to the familiar control buttons on CD players.

Nero Linux 32

The following setting options are available:

Audio CD and Audio Files

Drive drop-down

Selects the drive in which the Audio CD is inserted.

menu

Title list

Area

Displays the audio files on the Audio CD.

Displays the properties of the selected audio track.

Properties

Button

Internet DB

Sends a query to the Internet database www.freedb.org and com­pletes the properties of the Audio CD, such as title name, if an ap­propriate entry exists in the Internet database.

Internet Database freedb.org

Nero AG is not responsible for the www.freedb.org website, but just provides an
interface to it.

6.3.1.2 Output Tab

You can define the properties of the audio files to be created on the Output tab.

Save tracks - Output

Nero Linux 33

The following setting options are available:

Audio CD and Audio Files

Input window

Output directory

Button

Browse

Selection list

File name creation
mode

Button

Settings

Check box

Automatically ge­nerate a playlist of
stored audio
tracks

Selection list

File format

Button

Settings

Selects the storage location for the output file.

Opens a browser window where you can select a storage location.

Selects the method to be used for creating the name of the output
file.

Opens a window where you can specify how the file name should
be created. The methods Automatic, Manual, and User Defined
are available.

Creates a playlist of the saved audio files.

Selects the output audio format for the selected audio file.

Opens a window where you can define options such as bit rate and
frequency of the output audio file.

Nero Linux 34

6.4 Encode Files Window

In the Encode Files window, the audio files that are to be encoded are selected and the
properties of the output are defined. You can open the window via the Extras > Encode Fi-
les menu. The window consists of a selection area and the Properties area.

Audio CD and Audio Files

The following configuration options are available in the selection area:

List

Files to be encoded

Check box

Show full paths

Button

Add

Button

Remove

Button

Remove All

Button

Reset Status

Displays the selected files.

Displays the full source and destination paths for the files in the
Files to be encoded list.

Opens the browser window where you can select a file to add it to
the list of files to be encoded.

Removes the selected file.

Removes all files from the list of Files to be encoded.

Resets the status of the selected file to to do.

Encode Files Window

Nero Linux 35

Audio CD and Audio Files

Button

Go

Button

Close

T ration options are available in the Properties area:

he following configu

Drop-do

Output fil

Button

Settings

Display panel

Button

Browse

Display panel

Source file info

wn menu

e format

on folder Destinati

Starts the encode pro

Closes the window.

Selects the output audio format for the selected audio file.

Opens a window where you can define options such as bit rate
and frequency for the output audio file.

Displays the storage location of the output file or output files.

Opens a browser window where you can select a storage loca­tion.

Displays information on the selected audio file.

cess.

6.5 Enco

ding Options

Nero Linux can encode audio files in different formats.
Set options in button. Settings are
available for t

the respective window that you can open via the Settings
he MP3, Nero Digital Audio, OGG Vorbis, and WAV output file format.

MP3 Configuration options

Nero Linux 36

T g op

he following settin tions are available:

Audio CD and Audio Files

Specifies tDrop-down menu

Sample Rate

Drop-down menu

Encoder quality

Drop-down menu

Constant Bit Rate

Drop-down menu

Variable Bit Rate

Drop-down menu us determines the quality of the

Bits

quency of scanning. The higher the frequency, the more frequently
scanned.

Specifies the encoder quality. Fast and Highest are available. The­se settings specify whether you plac
(Fast) or more value on a
for the very best results (Highest).

Only available for MP3.

Selects a constant bit rate, i.e. the data flow per unit of time and the
quality of the saved data are the same over the entire audio file. If
the bit rate is small, less data is transferred. The f
but quality is lower. If the bit rate
The file size is then large, but the quality is high.

Not available for WAV Encoder.

Selects variable bit rate, i.e. the data flow per unit of time - and thus
the qua
file. The bit rate, for example, can be lowered at quieter po
track.

Select your desired quality level in the drop-down menu.

Not available for WAV Encoder.

Specifies the scan accuracy and th
individual scanner. The higher the bit sig

Only available for WAV Encoder.

he scan rate per second and thus determines the fre-

e more value on fast encoding

superior psychoacoustic encoder model

ile is then small,

is high, more data is transferred.

ntity of the saved data - adapts to the dynamics of the audio

ints in the

n, the more accurate.

Option buttons

Stereo / Mono

Specifies which channels are recorded.

Nero Linux 37

7 Compiling DVD-Videos or miniDVDs

With Nero Linux you can burn DVDs made up of DVD-Video files from your hard drive. You
can play your burned DVDs on almost all DVD players.
The miniDVD is burned to CD. It uses the specification of a DVD and therefore has the same
technical options and qualities as a DVD. However, playback is not guaranteed on all DVD
players.

You can use Nero Linux to burn a DVD Video and miniDVD if the DVD video title, i.e. a com­plete DVD folder structure, is already available.

To compile a DVD-Video or miniDVD, proceed as follows:

1. Select the DVD or CD entry from the drop-down menu in the New Compilation window. (In

case that the New Compilation window is not opened, it can be opened by clicking the New
button on the main screen.)

2. Choose the DVD Video or miniDVD compilation type from the selection list.

 The tabs with the configuration options that are valid for this compilation type are dis-

played.

Compiling DVD-Videos or miniDVDs

3. Set the options you require on the tabs.

DVD Video Tab

Nero Linux 38

Compiling DVD-Videos or miniDVDs

4. Click the New button.

 The New Compilation window is closed and the selection screen is opened. It includes

a compilation area for video and image files and an area for data.

DVD Video Compilation Screen

5. Select the video file that you want to burn from the browser area on the right side.

6. Drag the existing DVD folder structure of the video title (VIDEO_TS) into the video compila-

tion area on the left side.

 The files are added to the compilation and displayed in the compilation screen. The ca-

pacity bar indicates how much space is required on the disc.

 You have successfully compiled a DVD-Video or miniDVD and can now burn this compi-

lation.

See also:

 Burn Compilation 44

Nero Linux 39

8 Bootable Disc

With Nero Linux you can create a bootable disc with which the computer can be started
without having to access the hard drive. For this reason a bootable disc is often used as an
"emergency disc" to start the computer if it is not possible to access the hard drive.
Bootable discs are created in accordance with the "El Torito" standard, an extension to the
ISO-9660 standard, which defines the structure of data discs. The disc contains a boot im­age and an ISO part. The boot image contains all files that are required to load the operating
system and to start the computer. The ISO part can contain any number of data files that you
can back up using this method.

8.1 Requirements for Booting From a Disc

To ensure that a computer can boot from disc, the start sequence must be set in the BIOS of
the computer in such a way that the drive is addressed first as the boot drive (start sequence
CD-ROM, C, A for instance). In the case of an SCSI CD-ROM drive, this drive must be con­nected to an SCSI adapter with a separate BIOS in which settings can be modified accord­ingly. (This will only work if there are no IDE hard drives present, as these come before the
SCSI adapter in the boot sequence.)
When booting from a disc, you can only start an operating system that does not write to the
medium, such as "MS DOS" or "Linux". During booting Microsoft Windows 2000 and Micro­soft Windows XP write to the medium from which they are being booted. This is not possible
with a disc and so the process is canceled and the PC cannot be started.

Bootable Disc

8.2 Bootable Disc Template

For Nero Linux, the template for creating a bootable disc can be either a logical drive or a
drive image file which contains the contents of a drive as a file sector for sector. If the tem­plate for the bootable disc is a logical drive, the bootable disc will emulate this when the sys­tem is booting. There are three emulation types:

Floppy emulation: This requires a bootable floppy disc for creating the bootable disc. At



startup the bootable disc emulates a floppy disk. In the process, the drive letters incre­ment, so that Drive A: corresponds to the bootable disc. The volume of the start data is
limited by the capacity of the floppy disk (e.g. 1 MB).

Hard drive emulation: A bootable hard drive is required to create the bootable disc. At



startup the disc emulates Drive C. All drive letters from Drive C increment by one. The vo­lume of the start data is limited by the capacity of the CD (e.g. 700 MB) or DVD (e.g. 8.5
GB). If, for instance, you have a 200 GB hard drive with only one (200 GB) partition, you
cannot create a bootable disc from it without repartitioning your hard drive accordingly be­forehand.

No emulation: In this process the drive names are not changed. This type is used for



bootable installation CDs. This setting is intended for users who do not require a floppy or
hard drive emulation and who want to install their own device driver.

Nero Linux 40

8.3 Creating and Burning a Bootable Disc

To create a bootable disc, proceed as follows:

1. Click the New button in the main Nero Linux screen.

 The New Compilation window is opened.

2. Select the desired disc format from the drop-down menu.

3. Select the desired Boot compilation type.

 The tabs for the bootable disc are displayed; the Boot tab is in front.

Bootable Disc

4. If the template data for the bootable disc should originate from a logical drive:

1. Select the Bootable logical drive option button in the Source of boot image data area.

2. Select the entry you want from the drop-down menu.

5. If the template data for the bootable disc should originate from an image file:

1. Select the Image file option button in the Source of boot image data area.

2. Click the Browse button and select the desired image file.

3. Select the Enable expert settings check box and select the emulation type for the image

file from the Kind of emulation drop-down menu if appropriate.

Nero Linux 41

Boot configuration

Bootable Disc

DosBootimage

Nero Linux makes the boot image file DosBootimage.ima available. The path
to the image file is entered in the Image file field by default. You can also select
the language that should appear while the system is booting and select the cor­rect keyboard layout from the Boot locale drop-down menu.

DosBootimage is an image of the Caldera DOS boot floppy disk and emulates
a floppy disk. The image contains drivers for reading from disc drives and sup­ports FAT32 (read/write) as well as NTFS (read only). If you choose Dos-
Bootimage for the bootable disc, the expert settings are already predefined.

Nero Linux provides already defined expert settings for Windows XP / Windows
Vista or ISOLINUX bootable disc. You can select these in the Profile selection
drop-down menu.

6. Select any other options required on the tabs.

7. Click the New button.

 The selection screen is displayed.

8. Select the files/folders that should be written to the ISO part of the bootable disc and drag

them into the compilation area.

 The files/folders are displayed in the compilation area and the capacity bar indicates how

much storage space is required on the disc. You have now created the bootable disc and
can start the burn process.

See also:

 Burn Compilation 44

Nero Linux 42

9 Loading Image File

You can use Nero Linux to burn a disc from a disc image that you have previously saved on
the hard drive.

To load a saved image file, proceed as follows:

1. Select a recorder from the drop-down menu.

2. Click the button in the main screen.

 The Open window is opened.

3. Select the desired image file and click the Open button.

 The Burn Compilation window is opened.

4. Set the desired burn options.

5. If technically possible, you can change the disc type in the drop-down menu.

6. Click the Burn button.

 The burn process is started. A progress bar indicates the progress being made by the

burn process. When the burn process is complete the disc is ejected.

Loading Image File

 The burning process is complete. You can now remove the burned disc from the re-

corder.

Nero Linux 43

10 Burn Compilation

10.1 Choose Recorder Window

In the Choose Recorder window you can select a recorder for burning. You can open the
window via the button which is on the right side of the recorder drop-down menu. The win­dow shows useful information about the recorder (e.g. supported disc types). In the ad­vanced area you can set expert options. The available options depend on the chosen re­corder.

Burn Compilation

Choose Recorder

The following setting options are available in the advanced area:

Check box

Buffer underrun
protection

Provides buffer underrun

This feature is particularly useful for burning CDs.

Nero Linux 44

protection.

Burn Compilation

Check box

Write extended
lead-out on dou­ble-layer discs

Check box

DVD high com­patibility mode

Check box

BD defect man­agement

Drop-down menu

Book Type Set­tings

Writes an extended lead-out of 515 MB on the second layer of a
double-layer multisession DVD when this area contains less data.
Doing so improves the read compatibility.

This feature is particularly useful for burning a data multisession
DVD on a double-layer disc. It is not needed when the DVD is going
to be finalized.

Burns the DVD up to a radius of at least 30 mm (approx. 1 GB),
even when the compilation contains less data. In doing so the DVD
is forced to meet the DVD-Video specification which reduces the
possibility of read errors.

This feature is particularly useful for burning DVD-Videos.

Burns the Blu-ray Disc in defect management mode. In doing so the
burner allocates part of the disc so that it is once again able to burn
the data that has been damaged in a write error. BD defect man­agement reduces the write speed but increases data security.

This feature is particularly useful for burning data Blu-ray Discs or
for burning backups to Blu-ray Discs.

Defines the book type

setting for a DVD.

This feature is particularly useful for burning to a blank DVD.

Four book type settings are available:

Automatic: Automatically selects the most suitable book type for this DVD.

DVD-ROM: Sets the book type to DVD-ROM. Select this setting if the DVD is to

be played on several DVD players or your DVD player has difficulties with self­burned DVDs or of the DVD-, DVD+ or DVD-RW specification.

Physical disc type: Selects the book type which is specified on the DVD.

Current recorder setting: Leaves the book type setting to the recorder.

10.2 Starting the Burn Process

Many CD players cannot read rewritable CDs (CD-RW). You should therefore
use normal CD-ROMs for burning Audio CDs.

To start the burn process, proceed as follows:

1. Click the Burn button in the main screen.

 The Burn Compilation window is opened; the Burn tab is in front.

Nero Linux 45

Burn Compilation

Burn Compilation window

2. Check or select the options on the individual tabs.

3. Insert an appropriate blank disc and click the Burn button.

 The burn process is started. On the screen a progress bar indicates the progress being

made by the burn process.

 When the burn process has finished, a message window is opened.

4. If you want to display the extended area with the event log, click the Details button.

5. If you want to start another burn process with the same compilation, click the Burn Again

button.

6. Click the OK button.

 The burning process is complete. You can now remove the burned disc from the re-

corder.

Nero Linux 46

10.3 Burning With Image Recorder – Creating an Image File

To create an image file, proceed as follows:

Click the New

1.

Create a new compilation of your choice.

2.

3. Select the files that you want to burn.

4. If you have installed multiple recorders, select Nero Image Recorder from the drop-down

menu.

5. Click the Burn button.

 The Burn Compilation window is opened; the Burn tab is in front.

6. Click the Burn button.

 The Save Image File window is opened.

button.

Using Nero Linux you can create image files for disc types that the installed re­corder cannot burn. You can enable this function via the File > Options > Ex-

pert Features menu, Enable all supported recorder formats for image re­corder check box. The drop-down menu in the Compilation window then ma-

kes available all supported disc types.

Burn Compilation

7. Specify a file name and a storage location for the image file and click the Save button.

 The image file is created and saved in the selected storage location. On the screen, a

progress bar indicates the progress made while the file is being created. Once the crea­tion process is over, a message window is opened.

8. Click the OK button.

 The message window is closed and you have successfully created the image file.

See also:

 Loading Image File 43

Nero Linux 47

10.4 Burn Compilation Window

In the Burn Compilation window you can set or select the required burn options and then
start the actual burn process. The window consists of a drop-down menu, a selection list, va­rious tabs, and buttons.

Burn Compilation

Burn Compilation

The selected disc format is displayed in the selection list on the left. If multiple disc types are
available for this disc format and if you have installed a suitable burner, you can select an­other disc type from the drop-down menu.
The following buttons are available:

Button

Disc Info

Button

Burn

Button

OK

Displays information on the disc inserted, such as contents (if any)
or available capacity for instance.

Starts the burn process if a burner is connected.

If a burner is not connected, the Save Image File window is ope­ned.

This button is only available if the Write check box is cleared.

Accepts all changes and closes the window.

This button is only available if the Burn check box is cleared.

Nero Linux 48

Burn Compilation

Button

Cancel

10.5 Burn Settings

The Burn tab on the Burn Compilation window provides options for the burn process.

The following check boxes are available in the Action area:

Check box

Determine maximum
speed

Check box

Simulation

Check box

Write

Closes the Burn Compilation window.

Checks how fast the compiled data can be accessed and re­duces the selected writing speed if necessary. This prevents
a buffer underrun.

Recorders with a feature to prevent buffer underruns do not
require a speed test.

Not available when saving with Nero Image Recorder.

Simulates burning. In the process the simulation performs all
steps that are also carried out during burning with the excep­tion of setting the laser beam. A test determines whether the­re is a constant flow of data.

Enables the Burn button.

Check box

Finalize Disc

Check box

Verify written data

The following configuration options are available in the Writing area:

Drop-down menu

Write method

Input field

Number of copies

Closes the disc so that you cannot write to this disc anymore.
Depending on the disc format, finalizing may be necessary.

Nero Linux automatically checks the box for the relevant disc
formats.

Checks the data written to the disc after the burn process.
You can use this option particularly when burning backups to
ensure that all data has been written correctly.

This check box is only available if the selected recorder is not
the Nero Image Recorder.

Selects the method used to burn the disc. Disc-at-once and

Track-at-once are available.

Disc-at-once: Burns the entire disc in one go without having

to turn off the laser between individual audio files.

Track-at-once: Burns each audio file (track) separately onto
the disc, i.e. the laser is turned off and turned on again after
each audio file.

Defines the number of discs that are to be burned. The de­fault is set to one disc.

Nero Linux 49

Burn Compilation

Check box

Buffer underrun protec­tion

The speed test and simulation are not required for recorders that have a func­tion for protecting against buffer underruns.

Audio CDs should always be burned using the disc-at-once
is selected by default.

Provides buffer underrun protection.

This check box is only available if the selected burner sup­ports a method which offers buffer underrun protection.

method. This entry

Nero Linux 50

11 Copying a Disc

11.1 Methods of Copying

Nero Linux can be used for copying discs. There are two methods for this:

On-the-fly



Copy Over Image



Each method has advantages and disadvantages which will depend on your requirements.

11.1.1 On-the-fly Copying

When using the on-the-fly method, insert the original disc into a drive and a recordable disc
into the drive. The original disc in the drive is copied immediately without any time delay to
the blank disc in the recorder. The on-the-fly method allows you to copy discs very quickly,
and does not require any additional space on the disc.
In order to be able to use the on-the-fly method, you will need at least two drives: one for
reading the disc and a disc burner for writing. The following requirements apply to the read
drive and disc burner:

Copying a Disc

The disc burner must feature buffer underrun



delivering the data sufficiently quickly. The read speed should be at least twice as fast as
the write speed.

The read drive must be capable of delivering information on the number and type of ses-



sions, otherwise Nero Linux may not be able to produce an exact copy.

If you want to copy Audio CDs, we recommend the copy image method because the quality
of the read audio files can suffer depending on the drive.

11.1.2 Copy Over Image

With the copy over image method, an image of the original disc is saved to a file first. The
image file is then burned to a blank disc. Copying using copy over image takes longer, but it
often produces better results.
You must have sufficient storage space to use the copy over image method.

The copy over image method is particularly suitable in the following situations:

Only one drive is available.



You would like to make several copies of the same disc.



You think it likely that read errors may have occurred on the source CD (for example be-



cause it is scratched).

You attach importance to the best possible reproduction (particularly in relation to index



positions and the quality of Audio CDs).

protection, or the drive must be capable of

Nero Linux 51

11.2 Copying Disc

If you are not in possession of the copyright for the relevant CD/DVD and do
not have authorization from the owner of the copyright, unauthorized copying of
CDs violates national and international legislation.

Copy-protected Audio CDs cannot be copied using Nero Linux.

To copy a disc, proceed as follows:

1. Click the Copy button in the main screen.

 The New Compilation window is opened.

Some CDs/DVDs are copy-protected and cannot be copied. If you are not sure
whether your CD/DVD can be copied, activate simulation before commencing
the actual physical burn process.

Copying a Disc

2. Select the disc type you want from the drop-down menu.

3. Carry out the desired settings on the tabs.

Nero Linux 52

Copy Disc window

Copying a Disc

Copy Options tab

4. If you want to copy discs using the On-the-fly method:

1. Select the On the fly check box on the Copy Options tab.

2. Select the drive that contains the disc to be copied from the Drive drop-down menu.

3. Insert the disc that you want to copy into the selected drive.

4. Insert a blank disc.

5. If you want to copy discs using the Image Copy method:

1. Clear the On the fly check box on the Copy Options tab.

2. Insert the disc that you want to copy into the recorder.

6. Click the Copy button.

 If you are copying via the drive, the copy process starts. If you are using Nero Image Re-

corder, the Save Image File message window is opened.

7. Enter a name for your image file in the File Name text box.

8. Select the relevant storage location in the Save to directory tree and click the Save button.

 The copy and/or save process starts. You can follow the process status in the status bar.

If you are using a single drive for copying, you will be prompted to remove the source
disc and to insert a suitable blank disc after the image file has been written.

Nero Linux 53

9. Click the Next button.

 You have successfully copied a disc.

11.3 Copy Settings

In the New Compilation window, define the options for copying at the beginning of the copy
procedure. You can use the Copy button in the main screen to open the window. The New
Compilation window consists of a drop-down menu, various buttons, and tabs.

Copying a Disc

Copy settings

Only those disc types supported by the recorder are displayed in the drop-down menu. If the
recorder can only burn CDs, the drop-down menu is grayed out.

Using Nero Linux you can create image files for disc types that the installed re­corder cannot burn. You can enable this function via the File > Options > Ex-

pert Features menu, Enable all supported recorder formats for image re­corder check box. The drop-down menu in the Compilation window then ma-

kes available all supported disc types.

Nero Linux 54

The following configuration options are available:

Copying a Disc

Button

Disc Info

Button

Copy

Button

Cancel

The following tabs are available:

Image

Copy Options

Read Options

Writing

Displays information on the disc inserted, such as contents (if any)
or available capacity for instance.

Starts the copy process.

Closes the New Compilation window.

Gives the path to the temporary image file and provides information
on the speed of the hard drive.

Contains options for configuring copying.

Contains options for configuring reading of the original disc.

Contains options for configuring the burn process.

Nero Linux 55

11.3.1 Copy Options

Copying a Disc

Copy Options tab

In the Copy Options tag the following configuration options are available in the General
Area.

Check box

On-the-fly copying

The following configuration options are available in the Copy Options tab in the source
area:

Drop-down menu

Drive

Drop-down menu

Read speed

Check box

Eject source drive on­ce the read process is
complete

Creates the copy using the on-the-fly method.
If this check box is cleared, the copy is created using the copy-

over-image method.

Selects the drive for reading the disc.

If a copy over image is created, we recommend that you select
the recorder for reading in.

Defines the speed at which the disc is read in.

Ejects the source disc once the read process is finished so that
you can insert the target disc.

Nero Linux 56

11.3.2 Read Options

The Read Option tab consists of several areas. In these areas it is possible to set options
for reading an original disc.

The following configuration options are available in the Profile area:

Copying a Disc

Drop-down menu

Profile selection

The following configuration options are available in the Database area for the CD disc type:

Check box

Ignore read errors

Check box

Write defect sectors

Check box

Read sectors in raw
mode

Check box

Read all subchannel
data

Selects predefined copy settings or a user-defined setting.
In the case of predefined copy settings, Nero Linux sets the con-

figuration options automatically. You can select the configuration
options yourself with a user-defined setting.

Ignores read errors on the original disc and continues the read
process.

If this check box is cleared, Nero Linux may interrupt the burn
process depending on the type of error.

Still passes on corrupt sectors (that have caused read errors) for
burning.

If this check box is cleared, corrupt sectors are not passed on and
remain blank.

Reads PQ subchannel data.

Reads all subchannel data.

The following configuration options are available in the Audio Track for the CD area:

Check box

Ignore read errors

Check box

Read indexes of au­dio data

Check box

Read all subchannel
data

Ignores read errors on the original disc and continues the read
process.

If this check box is cleared, Nero Linux may interrupt the burn
process depending on the type of error.

Reads the audio file indexes.

Reads all subchannel data

Nero Linux 57

.

Copying a Disc

The following configuration options are available in the Advanced for the CD area:

Check box

Read Media Catalog
Number and ISRC

Check box

Reads the media catalog number, a globally unique number for
compilations, and the ISRC (International Standard Recording
Code), a globally unique number for audio recordings.

corrector removes scratches from audio and video files.

Jitter

Use jitter correction

The following configuration options are available in the Error Correction for the DVD type
disc:

Option button

Read with error cor­rection

Input field

Read retry count

Option button

Performs error correction while reading. In the process, the
checksum of a corrupt sector is adjusted so that the sector in it­self is consistent.

Establishes the number of attempts that are made to correct er­rors.

Performs fast reading without error correction.

Fast reading without
error correction

The following configuration options are available in the Dealing with Non-Correctable Rea­ding Errors for the DVD disc type:

Check box

Ignore read errors

With certain disc formats such as Audio CD, read errors often have little or no
impact because they are not perceptible when the CD is played.

Ignores read errors on the original disc.

If this check box is cleared, Nero Linux may interrupt the burn
process depending on the type of error.

Nero Linux 58

12 Erase Rewritable Disc Window

Nero Linux can be used to erase rewritable discs, i.e. discs with the RW specification, as
long as your recorder supports this feature. Two erase methods are available for this pur­pose:
Quick erasing does not remove the data physically from the disc, but instead only makes it
inaccessible by erasing the references to existing content. The data can be restored!
Full erasing removes the data from the disc by overwriting it with zeroes. The contents can­not be restored with conventional methods. Repeated full erasing increases the probability
that third parties will not be able to reconstruct the contents.

Erase Rewritable Disc Window

Erase Rewritable Disc window

The following configuration options are available in the Erase Rewritable Disc window:

Selection list

Select recorder

Selection list

Select the erase me­thod to be used

Defines the desired recorder.

Defines the erase method. Two options are available:

The Quick-erase rewritable disc method does not physically
erase all data from the disc, but only the references to the con­tents. The disc will appear to be empty even though the data is
still physically available. Erasing a disc using this method takes
between one and two minutes.

The Full-erase rewritable disc method physically erases all
data from the disc. The contents cannot be restored with con­ventional methods. Repeated full erasing increases the prob­ability that third parties will not be able to reconstruct the con­tents. Erasing the disc using this method takes longer than the
other method, depending on the type of disc involved.

Nero Linux 59

Erase Rewritable Disc Window

Selection list

Erase speed

Button

Erase

Button

Cancel

Defines the erase speed.

Starts the erase process.

Cancels the action and closes the window.

Nero Linux 60

13 Configuration Options

You can define options for working with Nero Linux in the Options window.

Configuration Options

Options Window

The following tabs are available:

Compilation

Cache

Sounds

Audio

Expert Features

Audio CD Databa­se

Ultrabuffer

Contains options for the compilation and the selection screen.

Contains options for the cache.

Contains selection options for sounds in connection with burn tasks.

Displays the directory for the audio plug-ins.

Contains options for configuring overburning and burning.

We recommend that you retain the default settings.

Provides the option to use the Internet database.

Defines the size of the RAM buffer.

Nero Linux 61

Configuration Options

System Configura­tion

File Browser

Misc.

13.1 Expert Features

The following configuration options are available on the Expert Settings tab:

Check box

Enable Disc-at-once CD over­burning

Option button

Relative/Absolute maximum
overburning size

Check box

Enable DVD overburning

Check box

Enable generation of short
lead-out

Allows the system settings to be checked when the program is star­ted.

Contains options for configuring the file browser.

Contains options for configuring compilations, burning, the data­base, the user interface, as well as advanced settings.

Enables additional options and defines settings for the
entire burn process.

Defines how much a disc can be overburned.

Enables the option that DVDs can be overburned.

Enables the option to write additional data to your CD.
This feature is only available if the Enable Disc-at-

once CD overburning option is enabled.

Check box

Do not eject disc after burning

Check box

Reload the disc after the burn
is complete

Check box

Allow to disable finalizing for
burning a disc image

Check box

Enable all supported recorder
formats for image recorder

Enables the option that your disc remains in the re­corder and is not ejected when the burn process is fin­ished.

Enables the option that the disc is automatically re­loaded after the burn process.

Disables finalizing when an image file is saved.

Enables the option that all supported recorder formats
for the Image Recorder are available.

It is now possible to create compilations that the in­stalled recorder cannot burn. For instance, you can
create a Blu-ray compilation without a Blu-ray recorder
and create an image file with Nero Image Recorder.

Nero Linux 62

13.2 System Configuration

The following check boxes are available on the System Configuration tab:

Configuration Options

Check if /proc and /sys are
correctly mounted at startup

Perform device permissions
checks at startup

Check IDE devices driver at
startup

Check if DMA acceleration is
enabled for IDE devices at
startup

Check for mounted devices at
startup

See also:

 Device File Names 8

Checks if the folders /proc and /sys are correctly moun­ted. These folders contain files that are used by Nero
Linux to detect when a device is added or removed.

For further explanation on how to set permissions cor­rectly see Setting correct permissions on the devices

files 10.

For further explanation on how to configure IDE de­vices correctly see IDE devices configuration

 9.

For further explanation on how to set DMA acceleration
on IDE devices correctly see Setting up DMA accelera-

tion on IDE devices 11.

Checks for mounted devices. If a disc is mounted in a
drive, then Nero Linux might not be able to use this de­vice.

Nero Linux 63

14 Technical Information

14.1 System Requirements

14.1.1 General System Requirements

To install Nero Linux you need administrator rights.

Processor and installed memory:

800 MHz Intel Pentium III processor, AMD Sempron 2200+ processor or equivalent



At least 128 MB RAM or more



Hard disc space:

50 MB for program installation



700 MB free hard drive space for CD images and temporary files



Up to 9 GB free hard drive space for DVD images and temporary files



Up to 50 GB free hard drive space for Blu-ray Disc BD-R/RE dual layer disc images



Optical device:

Technical Information

CD, DVD or Blu-ray recordable or rewritable drive for burning



Optional:

Sound device and speakers



Internet connection for updating the application, downloading the Help file; and freedb



services. The costs for the Internet connection are carried by the user.

14.1.2 Linux Kernel Requirements

Kernel version 2.4 or higher (2.6 recommended) with X-Window



Glibc 2.3.6 and libstdc++6



GTK+ 2.8.0 (or higher)



How to get the Linux kernel version

To find out which Linux kernel you are using you can enter uname –r into a ter­minal.

The kernel is the heart of your Linux system. For example, the kernel provides
low-level drivers which gain access to devices.

4.1.1 (or higher)

Nero Linux 64

14.1.3 Supported Distributions

Nero Linux supports the following distributions:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5



SuSE Linux 10.3



Fedora 7



Debian GNU/Linux 4.0



Ubuntu 7.04



The distributions are supported as of the indicated versions.

14.2 Formats Supported

14.2.1 Disc Formats

Audio CD



Mixed mode CDs



CD EXTRA



miniDVD



DVD-Video



Nero Image (NRG)



CUE-Image



ISO-Image



Technical Information

14.2.2 Disc Types

CD



DVD



Blu-ray - burning only



You can find more information on Blu-ray support at

www.nero.com/link.php?topic_id=416

The actual entries that are available and the actual disc types (e.g. DVD) to
which can be written depend on the used recorder.

14.2.3 Audio Formats and Codecs

MP3 / mp3PRO



Moving Picture Experts Group-1 Audio Layer 3 (MP3)



OGG Vorbis (OGG, OGM)



Resource Interchange File Format WAVE (WAV, WAVE)



Nero Linux 65

.

Free Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC)



Linear Pulse Code Modulation (LPCM, PCM, L16)



Musepack (MPC) - only decoding



Technical Information

Nero Linux 66

15 Glossary

AIFF

The Audio Interchange File Format is an uncompressed audio file format from Apple® and
represents a sort of counterpart to the WAV format from Microsoft. Files are larger than
when using a compressed format, but the quality is higher. AIFF compressed is the com­pressed variation.

Book Type

The book type defines the specification (e.g. DVD-, DVD+, DVD-ROM) of a DVD. In order to
ensure correct playback, the DVD specifications are defined in books so that all media can
be read correctly. The specifications are defined in the so-called Rainbow Books, which are
distinguished by means of their color (e.g. Yellow Book).

Bootable CD

Booting refers to loading the operating system when a computer is started. This is normally
done from the hard drive. However, if you do not want to boot or cannot boot your computer
from your hard drive for whatever reason, you can load an operating environment from the
drive with a boot CD.

Glossary

Buffer Underrun

A buffer underrun is an interruption in the data flow in the internal memory (e.g. of the re­corder). A buffer underrun results from an interruption in the data flow to the internal buffer.
The buffer continues to deliver data until it is finally empty. When recording, data is fed con­tinuously to the recorder's buffer in order to keep a steady flow of data. If the steady flow of
data is interrupted, the media becomes unusable. Most modern recorders have a protective
mechanism against buffer underruns.

CD-R

Compact Disc-Recordable is a technology for write-once media. The Orange Book standard
defines the storage of audio data and other computer-readable data.

Disc-At-Once

Disc-At-Once refers to a method in which the laser in your recorder burns straight through in
one session without turning off and on between each track. This method is best when re­cording Audio CDs you would like to play in your home or car stereo.

Frame

With an Audio CD, 75 sectors provide one second of played music. One sector consists of
up to 98 frames; one frame contains 24 data bytes and 9 control bytes. Similarly, "frame" de­scribes a full screen in television and video technology. Two successive half images result in
a full screen within a second due to interlacing.

Image

An image refers to a single file on the hard drive that contains the image of a complete disc.
A disc image can be used to create exact copies on media at a later point in time if problems

Nero Linux 67

Glossary

occur during the write process or if no recorder is connected to your PC. The image requires
as much free space on the hard drive as the contents of the original disc take up.

Jitter

Jitter refers to an abrupt and undesired change in the signal characteristics. Small gaps oc­cur in the data stream as a result. Audio correction synchronizes the data by overlapping the
sectors. This way, the gaps are not audible.

Joliet

Joliet refers to an extension of the ISO-9660 standard for file names. Joliet was designed by
Microsoft in order to represent more characters. The file name can be up to 64 characters
long and contain the letters A-Z, a-z, umlauts, and the ß.

MP3

The MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 audio format is used to reduce the size of audio files to a frac­tion of their original size (factor 1:10) with little loss of quality. You can estimate about 1 MB
per minute as opposed to 10 MB for the original files. This value and the quality can vary de­pending on the complexity of the audio signal. The bit rate used can be used as a measure
of quality. The higher the bit rate, the better the quality, but also the more memory required.

Multisession

A multisession refers to completing a disc in multiple cycles. After a first session has been
written to the disc, information can then be added in another record because the disc has not
been finalized.

Subchannel data

Subchannel data on a disc contains additional information, such as CD Text or information
on positions.

WAV

The WAV audio format, also called WAVE or Waveform audio format, is an audio format
from Microsoft and uses no data compression. WAV is the counterpart to the AIF format from
Apple.

Nero Linux 68

16 Index

Index

A

Audio CD............................................... 25

Burn note ......................................................... 45

CD Text ........................................................... 27

Configuration options....................................... 27

Copy tip ........................................................... 51

Identify with freedb .......................................... 29

ISR................................................................... 28

Ripping ............................................................ 29

Save to Computer............................................ 32

Track properties............................................... 28

Audio file

Preview............................................................ 14

Read index ...................................................... 57

B

Book type setting .................................. 45

Bootable disc

Backup part ..................................................... 40

Create bootable disc........................................ 41

DosBootimage ................................................. 42

El Torito ........................................................... 40

Emulation type................................................. 40

ISOLINUX........................................................ 42

Predefined expert settings............................... 42

Requirements .................................................. 40

Burn options

Buffer Underrun ............................................... 50

Disc-at-Once.................................................... 49

Finalize disc..................................................... 49

Simulation........................................................ 49

Track-at-Once.................................................. 49

Write method ................................................... 49

Burning

Burn Settings ................................................... 48

Overburning..................................................... 62

Set recorder options ........................................ 44

Start the burn process .....................................45

Use Image Recorder ....................................... 47

C

Compilation

Burn compilation.............................................. 48

Choose disc type ............................................. 15

Create Audio CD ............................................. 25

Create CD EXTRA........................................... 29

Create Data disc.............................................. 20

Create DVD-Video........................................... 38

Create miniDVD............................................... 38

Create Mixed Mode CD ................................... 29

Configuration options ............................ 61

Conventions, manual .............................. 5

Copy

Copy over image.............................................. 51

Copying a disc .................................................52

On-the-fly ......................................................... 51

Set options ....................................................... 54

D

Data disc ............................................... 20

Add Rock Ridge extension...............................23

Define character set......................................... 23

ISO................................................................... 22

Joliet.................................................................23

Multisession .....................................................22

Select data mode ............................................. 23

Select file system............................................. 23

UDF.................................................................. 24

Xbox compatible disc....................................... 24

Disc type

Audio CD.......................................................... 16

Bootable Disc................................................... 16

CD EXTRA....................................................... 16

Data disc .......................................................... 16

DVD-Video ....................................................... 16

miniDVD........................................................... 16

Mixed Mode CD ...............................................16

F

First start ............................................... 12

I

IDE devices

Configure 2.4 kernel...........................................9

Configure 2.6 kernel.........................................10

Image

Burn disc from image ....................................... 43

Create image file.............................................. 47

Load image file.................................................43

Image Recorder .................................... 20

Create image file.............................................. 47

Enable all supported formats ...........................62

Installation

Debian package ................................................. 7

RPM package ....................................................7

System Configuration.........................................7

Internet Database.................................. 33

J

Jitter Correction..................................... 58

L

Linux kernel version .......................... 8, 64

Nero Linux 69

Index

M

Main screen........................................... 13

Menu bar ......................................................... 13

Toolbar ............................................................ 14

Manual, conventions ............................... 5

Multisession .......................................... 22

Continue multisession disc .............................. 22

Start a disc....................................................... 22

Use of multisession discs ................................ 22

Music

Compile Audio CD ........................................... 25

Convert audio files........................................... 35

Encoding options ....................................... 35, 36

Rip Audio CD................................................... 29

Save audio files ............................................... 29

R

Read error

Ignoring............................................................ 57

Read speed........................................... 56

Rewritable disc

Erase ............................................................... 59

Erase method .................................................. 59

S

Selection screen.................................... 18

Capacity bar .................................................... 19

Compilation area ............................................. 19

Web browser area ........................................... 19

Serial number.................................. 12, 14

System configuration

Device file .......................................................... 8

DMA acceleration.............................................11

Give access to disc devices............................. 10

IDE devices with 2.4 kernel ...............................9

IDE devices with 2.6 kernel .............................10

Linux kernel.................................................. 8, 64

Set check up ....................................................63

Udev Support ................................................... 11

System requirements ............................ 64

Distributions .....................................................65

Linux kernel version ......................................... 64

U

User interface........................................ 13

V

Video

Compile DVD-Video......................................... 38

Compile miniDVD.............................................38

W

Window

Burn Compilation .............................................48

Choose recorder ..............................................44

Encode Files ....................................................35

Encoder Configuration .....................................36

Erase Rewritable Disc......................................59

Main screen .....................................................13

New Compilation.............................................. 15

Save Tracks ............................................... 29, 32

Work overview......................................... 5

X

Xbox

Create compatible disc ....................................24

Nero Linux 70

17 Contact

Nero Linux is a Nero AG product.

Nero AG

Contact

Im Stoeckmaedle 13-15

76307 Karlsbad

Germany

Nero Inc.

330 N Brand Blvd Suite 800

Glendale, CA 91203-2335

USA

Nero KK

Rover Center-kita 8F-B, 1-2-2
Nakagawa-chuou Tsuzuki-ku

Yokohama, Kanagawa

Japan 224-0003

Copyright © 2009 Nero AG and its licensors. All rights reserved.

Internet:

Help:

Fax:

Internet:

Help:

Fax:

E-mail:

Internet:

Help:

www.nero.com

http://support.nero.com

[phone]

www.nero.com

http://support.nero.com

[phone]

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www.nero.com

http://support.nero.com

Nero Linux 71