Nero Linux - 4 Instruction Manual

Manual

Nero Linux

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Nero Linux

Table of Contents

1 Start Successfully 5

1.1 About Nero Linux 5

1.2 Working With the Program 5

1.3 About the Manual 5

2 First Steps 7

2.1 Installing Nero Linux 7

2.2 Advanced System Settings 7

2.2.1 Device File Names 8

2.2.2 IDE Devices Configuration 9

2.2.3 Setting Correct Permissions on the Devices Files 10

2.2.4 Setting up DMA Acceleration on IDE Devices 11

2.3 Enter Serial Number 12

3 Main Screen 13

4 Compilation Screen 15

4.1 New Compilation Window 15

4.2 Selection Screen 18

Table of Contents

5 Data Disc 20

5.1 Compiling Data Disc 20

5.2 Defining Options 22

5.2.1 Multisession Settings 22

5.2.2 ISO Settings 22

5.2.3 UDF Settings 24

6 Audio CD and Audio Files 25

6.1 Compiling Audio CDs 25

6.1.1 Audio CD Settings 27

6.1.2 Track Properties Tab 28

6.2 Mixed Mode CD and CD EXTRA 29

6.3 Copy Audio CDs to Hard Drive 29

6.3.1 Save Tracks Window 32

6.4 Encode Files Window 35

6.5 Encoding Options 36

7 Compiling DVD-Videos or miniDVDs 38

8 Bootable Disc 40

8.1 Requirements for Booting From a Disc 40

8.2 Bootable Disc Template 40

8.3 Creating and Burning a Bootable Disc 41

9 Loading Image File 43

10 Burn Compilation 44

Nero Linux III

Table of Contents

10.1 Choose Recorder Window 44

10.2 Starting the Burn Process 45

10.3 Burning With Image Recorder – Creating an Image File 47

10.4 Burn Compilation Window 48

10.5 Burn Settings 49

11 Copying a Disc 51

11.1 Methods of Copying 51

11.1.1 On-the-fly Copying 51

11.1.2 Copy Over Image 51

11.2 Copying Disc 52

11.3 Copy Settings 54

11.3.1 Copy Options 56

11.3.2 Read Options 57

12 Erase Rewritable Disc Window 59

13 Configuration Options 61

13.1 Expert Features 62

13.2 System Configuration 63

14 Technical Information 64

14.1 System Requirements 64

14.1.1 General System Requirements 64

14.1.2 Linux Kernel Requirements 64

14.1.3 Supported Distributions 65

14.2 Formats Supported 65

14.2.1 Disc Formats 65

14.2.2 Disc Types 65

14.2.3 Audio Formats and Codecs 65

15 Glossary 67

16 Index 69

17 Contact 71

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1 Start Successfully

1.1 About Nero Linux

The powerful burning software Nero Linux allows you to burn your data, music and videos to disc. Nero Linux gives you full, customized control of your burning projects. You can − among other things − define the file system, the length of the file name, and the character set; you can also change the disc label. Despite its wide range of features, Nero Linux has remained an easy-to-use burning program that creates discs in just a few steps. You select the disc type to be burned, define the project type, add the required data and then start burning.

Nero Linux includes a graphical user interface that uses Nero Burning ROM, the well-known burn program under Windows, as a basis.

Nero Linux is therefore the burning solution for the Linux community.

1.2 Working With the Program

The main function of Nero Linux is to select files and folders and to burn them to a disc. This is done in three basic steps:

Start Successfully

In the New Compilation window, select a disc type and the disc format and set the op-



tions on the tabs.

In the selection screen, select files that you want to burn.



Start the burn process.



See also:

 Compilation Screen 15  New Compilation Window 15  Burn Compilation 44

1.3 About the Manual

This manual is intended for all users who want to learn how to use Nero Linux. It is processbased and explains how to achieve a specific objective on a step-by-step basis.

To make best use of this documentation, please note the following conventions:

Indicates warnings, preconditions or instructions that have to be precisely followed.

Indicates additional information or advice.

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Start Successfully

1. Start …

(see…)

[…]

The num Carry out these actions in the order specified.

Indicates an intermediate result.

Indicates a result.

Indicates text passages or buttons that appear in the program interface. They are shown in boldface.

Indicates references to other chapters. They are executed as links and are shown in red and underlined.

Indicates keyboard shortcuts for entering commands.

ber at the beginning of a line indicates a prompt for action.

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2 First Steps

2.1 Installing Nero Linux

Nero Linux is packaged in the RPM and Debian format. These formats are used by the majority of Linux distributions.

The RPM format is used by Red Hat Enterprise Linux, SuSE Linux and Fedora.

The Debian format is used by Debian GNU/Linux and Ubuntu.

To install Nero Linux, proceed as follows:

1. Download the Nero Linux package file from www.nero.com to your computer.

2. If you want to use a graphical interface for the installation, double-click the Nero Linux pack-

age file.

 Your distribution's software installer tool is opened and walks you through the quick and

uncomplicated installation process.

3. If you want to use a terminal:

1. Open a terminal.

2. Go to where your package is located.

3. To install the RPM package enter rpm -i nerolinux-<version>-<machine>.rpm

To install the Debian package enter dpkg -i nerolinux-<version>-<machine>.deb

 Some shortcuts will be added in the KDE and GNOME programs menu. The Debian pa-

ckage will also add a shortcut to Nero Linux in the Debian menu subsystem repository. You can now easily start Nero Linux over the created shortcut. The Nero Linux Express application is installed with Nero Linux. Nero Linux Express is a wizard-driven application based on Nero Linux.

First Steps

If you do not get shortcuts, you can copy the generic ones that are located in /usr/share/applications/nerolinux.desktop and /usr/share/applications/nerolinuxexpress.desktop.

2.2 Advanced System Settings

We recommend the following configuration of your system in order to achieve best burn result. In any case, if Nero Linux detects an incorrectly configured setting on your system, it will warn you when starting.

System Configuration

You can set Nero Linux configuration warnings in the Options window on the System Configuration tab.

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2.2.1 Device File Names

Here you will find explanations on how to find your device file names and how to set up access to them. In Linux systems, all the devices are associated with specific files called device files. All device files that are available on your machine are located inside the /dev directory. Depending on the version of the Linux kernel you are using, your recorder device file name may differ due to the low-level driver it is using.

The kernel is the heart of your Linux system. For example, the kernel provides low-level drivers which gain access to devices.

How to get the Linux kernel version

To find out which Linux kernel you are using you can enter uname –r into a terminal.

Device file names also differ according to the interface on the recorder. Currently, you can have many different interfaces on a recorder: IDE, SCSI, USB, FireWire (IEEE 1394) or Serial ATA.

2.2.1.1 IDE Devices

First Steps

Most internal recorders are connected to the IDE bus. Linux assigns them a device file according to their position on this bus (bus number and master/slave settings).

Basically, you should have the following naming convention:

/dev/hda : Primary Master device



/dev/hdb : Primary Slave device



/dev/hdc : Secondary Master device



/dev/hdd : Secondary Slave device



If you have an additional IDE controller on your motherboard, the file names scheme is the same - it uses the remaining letters (for example /dev/hde and /dev/hdf).

2.2.1.2 SCSI Devices

SCSI recording devices are handled by two different drivers under Linux. Therefore two different device files are created to handle one physical device:

/dev/srX or /dev/scdX : Used only to read data from media



/dev/sgX : Used by Nero Linux to communicate with the device



(X is a number identifying your device) If your recorder is correctly recognized by the Linux kernel it should appear in the file /proc/scsi/scsi. Unfortunately, there is no way to determine the X number from the SCSI coordinates of your recorder. But usually the numbers are used incrementally, starting from 0, corresponding to the position of the device in the /proc/scsi/scsi file.

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Usually all distributions ship a kernel configured with these options. Depending on your kernel configuration, one of these files can be unavailable. In order to have both files, you should make sure that your kernel is configured with the following options:

CONFIG_SCSI (SCSI support)



CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SR (SCSI CD-ROM support : provides /dev/scdX)



CONFIG_CHR_DEV_SG (SCSI generic support : provides /dev/sgX)



For more information about how to configure your kernel for recording CDs or DVDs, you can refer to the generic Linux HOWTOs. For example see

CD-Writing HOWTO: http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/other-



formats/html_single/CD-Writing-HOWTO.html

CDROM-Writing HOWTO: http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/other-



formats/html_single/CDROM-HOWTO.html

Nero Linux uses /dev/sgX device files to communicate with your devices. That way, Nero Linux can send vendor specific commands such as those used to change the book type of a DVD.

2.2.1.3 External Devices

First Steps

As all external devices are associated with a virtual SCSI device, the file name scheme is the same as with real SCSI devices. If you do not see your external device in the /proc/scsi/scsi file after you plugged it in, make sure that the kernel is correctly configured. For more information please refer to your Linux distribution documentation.

If your external device is inside the /proc/scsi/scsi file and not present in the recorders list of Nero Linux, make sure you have the SCSI generic support enabled. Most of the time, loading the ‘sg’ kernel module fixes this problem.

2.2.1.4 Serial ATA Devices

Some new recorders now come with a Serial ATA connector instead of the old IDE one. These devices are correctly handled with the 2.6 kernel libata. However we strongly recommand to use a kernel 2.6.19 or higher to use such devices without problems. Serial ATA devices controlled by the libata are – like external devices – associated with a virtual SCSI device so they should also appear in the /proc/scsi/scsi file.

2.2.2 IDE Devices Configuration

2.2.2.1 IDE Devices Configuration With 2.4 Kernels

With 2.4 kernels, all IDE devices that you want to be available in Nero Linux must use the ide-scsi driver (even CD/DVD readers). This driver associates a virtual SCSI device with a standard IDE device.

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First Steps

Usually, Linux distributions automatically configure everything so that only recorders use this driver. In such cases, you will not be able to use your CD or DVD readers in Nero Linux and you have to make the device use the ide-scsi driver.

Before you configure a device, make sure that you have configured your kernel with the following options:

CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDESCSI (SCSI emulation support)



CONFIG_SCSI (SCSI support)



CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SG (SCSI generic support)



Configuring a device so that it will use the ide-scsi driver is done by providing a specific argument hdx=ide-scsi to the kernel command line. For example, if the device file corresponding to your recorder is /dev/hdb, you will have to provide hdb=ide-scsi to the kernel command line. If you do not know how to do this refer to your distribution documentation to find out how to pass options to the kernel at boot time. Note that most of the actual distributions provide some graphical frontends to modify the boot loader parameters:

For Red Hat Linux run ksconfig (this application is called Kickstart Configurator).



When the application is running, click Boot Loader Options and fill the Kernel Parame- ters field.

For SuSE Linux run YaST2, select System in the left pane and then double-click Boot



Loader Configuration. Once the module is launched, click Edit Configuration Files to set up the device parameters.

2.2.2.2 IDE Devices Configuration With 2.6 Kernels

With 2.6 kernels, the native IDE CD-ROM driver called ide-cdrom has been completely rewritten to use the latest technologies available and permit optical disc recording. This driver includes DMA acceleration that lets you use high-speed devices (like DVD recorders). Accordingly, the ide-scsi driver (that has been used with lower version kernels) has been deprecated. If you continue using this driver with a 2.6 kernel your devices will not be available with Nero Linux (note that you will also receive a warning message from the kernel at boot time).

In order to use an IDE device with Nero Linux under a 2.6 kernel, you must associate it with the ide-cdrom driver. Therefore, the kernel command line must not be associated with the "old", ide-scsi driver (no hdXX=ide-scsi parameter).

If you do not know how to do this refer to your distribution documentation.

2.2.3 Setting Correct Permissions on the Devices Files

2.2.3.1 Setting Permissions For Static "/dev" Support

If you want to give other users access to all disc devices you can do this in Linux by setting correct permissions for corresponding device file names. This takes place in the operating system and not in Nero Linux.

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Requirements:

 You have enough privileges to do so.

To set up correct permissions on your device files, proceed as follows:

1. Open a terminal.

2. Type the following command (where X is the letter corresponding to the IDE device):

1. chmod o+r+w /dev/sg*

2. chmod o+r+w /dev/hdX

3. You can run the last command more than once if you have multiple IDE devices.

 Users are given read and write permission on all your SCSI generic devices (CD-ROM

for example) and your IDE disc devices.

If you only want to give access to some users, another possibility is to create a new group called for example "nero" and change the group of the device files corresponding to your disc devices with it. Then give read/write permission to the group on these device files and finally, just add all the users that are allowed to use Nero Linux to the newly created group

2.2.3.2 Udev Support

First Steps

Nero Linux supports udev, the new /dev file system implementation that is used in actual Linux distributions. With this file system, all permissions are set during boot time using some specific configuration files. In order to make your modifications permanent, you have to change the files located in /etc/udev/rules.d. For more details, you can have a look at the udev FAQ.

In some rare cases a hotplug device that gets plugged in when Nero Linux is already started might not be recognized directly. In such cases, simply restart Nero Linux.

2.2.4 Setting up DMA Acceleration on IDE Devices

DMA acceleration provides an improvement in throughput for the disc drives and lets you safely use all your recording devices. Depending on your Linux kernel and distribution configuration you might have DMA acceleration that is automatically enabled at startup. If your hardware supports it, we recommend enabling DMA acceleration not only for IDE hard drives, but also for disc drives such as CD/DVD readers and recorders.

This takes place in the operating system and not in Nero Linux.

If one of your devices does not have DMA acceleration, Nero Linux will warn you when starting the application.

Proceed as follows to activate the DMA acceleration on a device:

1. Type the following command as root: hdparm –d1 /dev/hdX

(where X stands for the letter that corresponds to the IDE device)

 DMA acceleration is activated.

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This setting is not permanent. If you want to enable DMA at boot time, you can add the command above in one of your startup scripts. As these scripts are distribution dependant, please refer to your distribution documentation to find out how to do this. Please note that most of the distributions have some graphical frontends to configure this.

2.3 Enter Serial Number

By opening Nero Linux or Nero Linux Express for the first time, you have to enter your name and serial number in order to activate the program. The activation will be valid for both applications. However, you always have the option of entering a new serial number in the program afterwards.

First Steps

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3 Main Screen

The main screen of Nero Linux is the starting point for all actions. It consists of a menu bar and a toolbar with buttons and a drop-down menu.

Main Screen

The following menus are available:

File

Edit

View

Recorder

Extras

Provides program facilities such as opening, saving, and closing. You can also open the setting options for the compilation, update the compilation, and define configuration options.

Provides editing facilities for the files in the selection screen such as cutting, copying, and deleting. You can also display the properties of a selected file.

Provides the option to customize the user interface and to refresh the file browser.

Provides recorder facilities. You can select the recorder here, start the burn process, and erase a rewritable disc. You can also eject a disc and display disc information.

Provides the option to convert tracks into other formats and to save the songs on an Audio CD to the hard drive.

Main window with menu and toolbar

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Main Screen

Window

Help

The following configuration options are available in the tool bar of the main screen.

Provide area.

Shows information about the application. You can also enter a new serial number.

Opens the New Compilation window where you can set options for a burn or copy process.

Opens an existing compilation.

Saves the active compilation.

Cuts selected elements in the compilation (selection).

Copies selected elements of the compilation (selection).

Pastes a selection that was cut or copied beforehand.

Starts the burn process by opening the Burn Compilation window contain- ing the Burn tab.

Starts the copy process by opening the New Compilation window containing the Burn tab.

s the option to alter the position of the compilation area and browser

Recorder selection menu

Displays information on the disc inserted, such as contents (if any) and capacity for instance.

Opens the selected drive.

Shows or hides the file browser.

Displays the user’s home folder contents in the file browser.

Displays available recorders.

Opens the Choose recorder window where you select an available recorder for the burn process from a list.

Displays information on the program and version number.

Plays an audio file that is dragged from the compilation to the button.

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4 Compilation Screen

4.1 New Compilation Window

In the New Compilation window you can select the disc type and configure the options for the disc format. The window basically looks the same for all disc types. The only difference is the tabs that are available. When you start Nero Linux, the New Compilation window opens automatically. If the window is not open, click the New button. The window consists of a drop-down menu, a selection list, various tabs, and buttons.

Compilation Screen

New Compilation window, CD-ROM disc type

If the Image Recorder is not enabled, only those disc types supported by the recorder are displayed in the drop-down menu. If the recorder can only burn CDs, the drop-down menu is grayed out.

Using Nero Linux you can create image files for disc types that the installed recorder cannot burn. You can enable this function via the File > Options > Ex-

pert Features menu, Enable all supported recorder formats for image recorder check box. The drop-down menu in the Compilation window then ma-

kes available all supported disc types.

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The following entries are available in the selection list:

Compilation Screen

Entry

CD/DVD-ROM/Blu-ray (ISO)

Entry

Audio CD

Entry

Mixed Mode CD

Entry

CD EXTRA

Entry

CD/DVD/Blu-ray Disc Copy

Entry

miniDVD

Creates a data disc, each file type can be burned. The burned data complies with the ISO standard.

Creates a standard Audio CD that can be played on all (audio) CD players at least.

Creates a CD with data and audio files in a single session. Usually a data file is followed by one or more audio files for instance (e.g. soundtrack for PC games).

Older Audio CD players are often not capable of recognizing the data file and attempt to play it.

Creates a multisession CD with audio and data files that are stored in two sessions. The first session contains the audio files and the second session the data.

Common CD players play the first session as Audio CDs. The second session can only be used by PCs with a CD-ROM drive, it cannot be recognized by a normal CD player.

Copies a source disc to a CD/DVD/Blu-ray Disc.

Creates a CD that uses the specifications of a DVD. The miniDVD has the same technical options and qualities as a DVD. It can easily be played on a PC, whereas there is no guarantee that it can be played in all DVD players.

You can use Nero Linux to burn a miniDVD if the DVD video title, i.e. a complete DVD folder structure, is already available.

Entry

Creates a bootable disc.

CD/DVD-ROM/Blu-ray (Boot)

Entry

CD/DVD-ROM/Blu-ray

Creates a data disc; all file types can be burned. The burned data complies with the UDF standard.

(UDF)

Entry

CD/DVD-ROM/Blu-ray

Creates a data disc; all file types can be burned. The burned data complies with the ISO and UDF standards.

(UDF/ISO)

Entry

DVD-Video

Creates a DVD that delivers high-quality playback of video and/or picture files on DVD players.

You can use Nero Linux to burn a DVD if the DVD video title, i.e. a complete DVD folder structure, is already available.

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The actual entries that are available and the actual disc types (e.g. DVD) to which can be written depend on the used recorder.

You can find more information on Blu-ray support at

www.nero.com/link.php?topic_id=416

The following buttons are available:

Compilation Screen

Button

Open

Button

New

Button

Opens a file browser where you can find and open a saved compilation. You can also open an image file in order to burn a disc.

Creates the selected compilation and displays the selection screen where you can select the files for burning.

Closes the New Compilation window.

Cancel

You can set the options for the respective disc format on the tabs in the New Compilation window.

Which tabs are available depends on the disc type that is selected.

The following tabs are available:

Tab

Shows statistical information on the compilation.

Info

Tab

Multisession

Tab

Contains options for configuring multisession discs.

This tab is only available if a burner is installed.

Contains options for configuring the ISO file system.

ISO

Tab

Contains options for configuring the UDF file system.

UDF

Tab

Defines the labels of the disc.

Label

Tab

Dates

Allows you to define the dates of the compilation and of the associated files. You can also specify a validity period for the disc.

You can access the data regardless of the validity period specified.

Tab

Misc

Tab

Audio CD

Defines whether (and if so, which) files are stored in the buffer memory.

Contains options for configuring audio files.

You can also enter additional information about the CD.

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Compilation Screen

Tab

Boot

Tab

Burn