The Motorola products described in this manual may include copyrighted Motorola computer programs stored in semiconductor memories or other media. Laws in the United States and other countries preserve for Motorola certain exclusive rights for copyrighted computer programs, including the exclusive right to copy or reproduce in any form, the
copyrighted computer program. Accordingly, any copyrighted Motorola computer programs contained in the Motorola
products described in this manual may not be copied or reproduced in any manner without the express written permission
of Motorola. Furthermore, the purchase of Motorola products shall not be deemed to grant, either directly or by implication, estoppel or otherwise, any license under the copyrights, patents or patent applications of Motorola, except for the
normal non-exclusive royalty-free license to use that arises by operation of law in the sale of a product.
1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 by Motorola, Inc.
Motorola Technology Sdn. Bhd. (Co. No. 455657-H)
Bayan Lepas FIZ Phase III
11900 Penang, Malaysia
Printed in Malaysia
June, 2002
SAFETY AND GENERAL INFORMATION
Information and Instructions on RF Energy Exposure and Product Safety
READ THIS IMPORTANT INFORMATION ON SAFE AND EFFICIENT OPERATION BEFORE
USING YOUR MOTOROLA HANDHELD PORTABLE TWO-WAY RADIO
The information provided in this document supersedes the general safety information contained in user guides
published prior to June 2001. For information regarding radio use in a hazardous atmosphere please refer to the
Factory Mutual (FM) Approval Product Listing Manual or Instruction Card, which is i ncluded with radio models
that offer this capability.
Compliance with RF Energy Exposure Standards
Your Motorola two-way radio is designed and tested to comply with a number of national and international
standards and guidelines (listed below) regarding human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic energy.
This radio complies with the IEEE (FCC) and ICNIRP exposure limits for occupational/controlled RF exposure
environmentat duty cycles of up to 50% talk-50% listen and should be used for occupational use only. In terms of
measuring RF energy for compliance with the FCC exposure guidelines, your radio radiates measurable RF
energy only while it is transmitting (during talking), not when it is receiving (listening) or in standby mode. Note
that the approved, supplied batteries for this radio are rated for a 5-5-90 duty cycle (5% talk - 5% listen - 90%
standby),even though this radio complies with the FCC occupational exposure limits at duty cycles of up to 50%
talk.
Your Motorola two-way radio complies with the following RF energy exposure standards and guidelines:
•United States Federal Communications Commission, Code of Federal Regulations; 47CFR part
2 sub-part J
•American National Standards Institute (ANSI) / Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
(IEEE) C95. 1-1992
•Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) C95.1-1999 Edition
•International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) 1998
•Ministry of Health (Canada) Safety Code 6. Limits of Human Exposure to Radio frequency Electromagnetic Fields in the Frequency Range from 3 kHz to 300 GHz, 1999
•Australian Communications Authority Radiocommunications (Electromagnetic Radiation Human Exposure) Standard 2001
•ANATEL, Brazil Regulatory Authority, Resolution 256 (April 11, 2001) “additional requirements
for SMR, cellular and PCS product certification.”
i
Operational Instructions and Training Guidelines
To ensure optimal performance and compliance with the occupational/controlled environment RF energy
exposure limits in the above standards and guidelines, users should transmit no more than 50% of the time and
always adhere to the following procedures:
Transmit and Receive
To transmit (talk), push the Push-To-Talk (PTT) button; to receive, release the PTT button.
Hand-held Radio Operation
Hold the radio in a vertical position with the microphone one to two
inches (2.5 to 5 cm) away from the lips.
Body-worn Operation
Always place the radio in a Motorola approved clip, holder,holster, case,
or body harness for this product. Use of non-Motorola-approved
accessories may exceed FCC RF exposure guidelines.
If you do not use a Motorola approved body-worn accessory and are not
using the radio in the intended use position in front of the face, then ensure the antenna and the radio are kept
2.5 cm (one inch) from the body when transmitting.
2.5to5.0cm
(1 to 2 in.)
ii
Antennas & Batteries
Use only Motorola approved supplied antenna or Motorola approved replacement antenna.
Unauthorized antennas, modifications, or attachments could damage the radio and may violate FCC regulations.
Use only Motorola approved supplied batteries or Motorola approved replacement batteries.
Use of non-Motorola-approved antennas or batteries may exceed FCC RF exposure guidelines.
Approved Accessories
For a list of approved Motorola accessories please contact your dealer, or local Motorola representative.
ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE/COMPATIBILITY
NOTE
Nearly every electronic device is susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI) if inadequately
shielded, designed, or otherwise configured for electromagnetic compatibility.
Facilities
To avoid electromagnetic interference and/or compatibility conflicts, turn off your radio in any facility where
posted notices instruct you to do so. Hospitalsor health care facilities may be using equipment that is sensitiveto
external RF energy.
Aircraft
When instructed to do so, turn off your radio when on board an aircraft. Any use of a radio must be in accordance
with applicable regulations per airline crew instructions.
Medical Devices
•Pacemakers
The Advanced Medical Technology Association (AdvaMed) recommends that a minimum separation of 6 inches
(15 centimeters)be maintained between a handheld wireless radio and a pacemaker. These recommendations
are consistent with those of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Persons with pacemakers should:
•ALWAY S keep the radio more than 6 inches (15 centimeters ) from their pacemaker when the
radio is turned ON.
• not carry the radio in the breast pocket.
•use the ear opposite the pacemaker to minimize the potential for interference.
•turn the radio OFF immediately if you have any reason to suspect that interference is taking
place.
•Hearing Aids
Some digital wireless radios may interfere with some hearing aids. In the event of such interference, you may
want to consult your hearing aid manufacturer to discuss alternatives.
•Other Medical Devices
If you use any other personal medical device, consult the manufacturer of your device to determine if it is
adequately shielded from RF energy. Your physician may be able to assist you in obtaining this information.
Driver Safety
Check the laws and regulations on the use of radios in the area where you drive. Always obey them.
When using your radio while driving, please:
•Give full attention to driving and to the road.
•Use hands-free operation, if available.
•Pull off the road and park before making or answering a call if driving conditions so require.
OPERATIONAL WARNINGS
iii
For Vehicles With an Air Bag
Do not place a portable radio in the area over an air bag or in the air bag deployment area. Air
bags inflate with great force. If a portable radio is placed in the air bag deployment area and the
air bag inflates, the radio may be propelled with great force and cause serious injury to
occupants of the vehicle.
Potentially Explosive Atmospheres
Turn off your radio prior to entering any area with a potentially explosive atmosphere, unless it is a radio type
especially qualified for use in such areas as “Intrinsically Safe” (for example, Factory Mutual, CSA, UL, or
CENELEC). Do not remove, install, or charge batteries in such areas. Sparks in a potentially explosive
atmosphere can cause an explosion or fire resulting in bodily injury or even death.
NOTE
The areas with potentially explosive atmospheres referred to above include fueling areas
such as below decks on boats, fuel or chemical transfer or storage facilities, and areas
where the air contains chemicals or particles, such as grain, dust or metal powders. Areas
with potentially explosive atmospheres are often but not always posted.
Blasting Caps and Areas
To avoid possible interference with blasting operations, turn off your radio when you are near electrical blasting
caps, in a blasting area, or in areas posted: “Turn off two-way radio.” Obey all signs and instructions.
OPERATIONAL CAUTIONS
!
!
W A R N I N G
Antennas
Do not use any portable radio that has a damaged antenna. If a damaged antenna comes into
contact with your skin, a minor burn c an result.
Batteries
All batteries can cause property damage and/or bodily injury such as burns if a conductive material such as
jewelry, keys, or beaded chains touch exposed terminals. The conductive material may complete an electrical
circuit (short circuit) and become quite hot. Exercise care in handling any charged battery, particularly when
placing it inside a pocket, purse, or other container with metal objects.
!
C a u t i o n
iv
Table of Contents
v
Section 1
1.0 Scope of Manual..................................................................................................1-1
2.0 Warranty and Service Support.............................................................................1-1
2.1 Warranty Period .............................................................................................1-1
2.2 After Warranty Period.....................................................................................1-1
5.0 Schematic for Universal Connector Flex .............................................................7-3
6.0 Parts List for Universal Connector Flex...............................................................7-3
xii
Section 1
INTRODUCTION
1.0Scope of Manual
This manual is intended for use by service technicians familiar with similar types of equipment. It
contains service information required for the equipment described and is current as of the printing
date. Changes which occur after the printing date may be incorporated by a complete Manual revision
or alternatively as additions.
1-1
NOTE
Before operating or testing these units, please read the Safety Information Section in the
front of this manual.
2.0Warranty and Service Suppo rt
Motorola offers long term support for its products. This support includes full exchange and/or repair of
the product during the warranty period, and service/repair or spare parts support out of warranty. Any
"return for exchange" or "return for repair" by an authorised Motorola Dealer must be accompanied by
a Warranty Claim Form. Warranty Claim Forms are obtained by contacting an Authorised Motorola
Dealer.
2.1Warranty Period
The terms and conditions of warranty are defined fully in the Motorola Dealer or Distributor or Reseller
contract. These conditions may change from time to time and the following notes are for guidance
purposes only.
In instances where the product is covered under a "return for replacement" or "return for repair"
warranty, a check of the product should be performed prior to shipping the unit back to Motorola. This
is to ensure that the product has been correctly programmed or has not been subjected to damage
outside the terms of the warranty.
Prior to shipping any radio back to the appropriate Motorola warranty depot, please contact Customer
Services. All returns must be accompanied by a Warranty Claim Form, available from your Customer
Services representative. Products should be shipped back in the original packaging, or correctly
packaged to ensure no damage occurs in transit.
2.2After Warranty Period
After the Warranty period, Motorola continues to support its products in two ways.
1.Motorola's Accessories and Aftermarket Division (AAD) offers a repair service to both end
users and dealers at competitive prices.
2.AAD supplies individual parts and modules that can be purchased by dealers who are technically capable of performing fault analysis and repair.
1-2Warranty and Service Support
2.3Piece Parts
Some replacement parts, spare parts, and/or product information can be ordered directly. If a
complete Motorola part number is assigned to the part, it is available from Motorola’s Accessories
and Aftermarket Division (AAD). If no part number is assigned, the part is not normally available
from Motorola. If the part number is appended with an asterisk, the part is serviceable by Motorola
Depot only. If a parts list is not included, this generally means that no user-serviceable parts are
available for that kit or assembly.
All orders for parts/information should include the complete Motorola identification number. All part
orders should be directed to your local AAD office. Please refer to your latest price pages.
2.4Technical Support
Technical support is available to assist the dealer/distributor in resolving any malfunction which may
be encountered. Initial contact should be by telephone wherever possible. When contacting
Motorola Technical Support, be prepared to provide the product model number and the unit’sserial
Shields and surfacemounted component - IC
removal/rework station
(order all heat-focus heads
separately)
Shields and surfacemounted component - IC
removal/rework station
SMD10000 M.A.P.E.
Removal of discrete surface-mounted devices
For 0180382A31 portable desoldering unit.
Used during all radio assembly and disassembly procedures
Removal and assembly of surface-mounted
integrated circuits and shields
Removal and assembly of surface-mounted
integrated circuits and shields
2-2Recommended Test Tools
Section 3
POWER UP SELF-TEST
1.0Error Codes
Turning on the radio using the on/off volume control startsa self-test routine which checks the RAM,
ROM checksum, EEPROM hardware and EEPROM checksum. If these checks are successfully
completed, the radio will generate the Self-Test Pass Tone. If the self-test is not successful, a “bonk”
is heard. Radios with displays are able to display these error messages:
• “RAM TST ERROR” for <RAM Test Error>
• “ROM CS ERROR” for <ROM Checksum Error>
•
“EEPRM HW ERROR” for <E EPROM Hardware Test E rror>
• “EEPRM CS ERROR” for < EEPROM Checksum Error>
3-1
NOTE
Radio without display emits only “bonk” (300 Hz) tone if it fails the self-test.
Error CodeExplanationCorrective Action
“RAM TST ERROR”RAM Test FailureRetest radio by turning it off and turning it on again. If
message reoccurs, replace RAM (U405).
“ROM CS ERROR”ROM Checksum is
wrong.
“EEPRM HW ERROR”Codeplug structure
mismatch, non
existence of
codeplug.
“EEPRM CS ERROR”Codeplug check-
sum is wrong.
No DisplayDisplay module is
not connected
properly.
Display module is
damaged.
Reprogram FLASH Memory, then retest. If message
reoccurs, replace ROM (U406).
Reprogram codeplug with correct version and retest
radio. If message reoccurs, replace EEPROM
(U407).
Reprogram codeplug.
Check connection between main board and display
module.
Replace with new display module.
3-2Error Codes
Section 4
CONTROLLER INFORMATION
1.0Overview
This section provides a detailed theory of operation for the radio and its components.
2.0Radio Power Distribution
7.5V
Battery
UNSWB+
Fuse
3.5V
Reg.
LI Ion
MECH.
SWB+
Low Battery
PA, Driver
PCIC(ALC)
On/Off Switch
Detect
Audio PA
Control
SWB+
Ant. SW
R5
R1
4.0V/3.3V
Vddd
Reg.
TX.
Led
Vdda
Reg.
RF.AMP, IF AMP
R3
R2
MCU MicroP,ROM
&EEPROM
5V
Reg.
5V
Ext. RX.
Buffer (NU)
Int/Ext Vdd
Accessories
20 pin Connector
Keypad/Option Board
Prime ExpansionBoard
Vddd
Switching
R4
Vdda
Jumpers
SW. Reg.NN
Reg.
LCD
ASFIC_CMP
Driver
Dual Vdd
Regulator
Scheme
R1YY
R2NN
R3NY
R4NN
R5YN
VddaYN
FRACTN
VCOBIC
Single Vdd
Regulator
Scheme
4-1
LVZIF
Figure 4-1: DC Power Distribution Block Diagram
Figure 4-1 illustrates the DC distribution throughout the radio board. A 7.5V battery (BATT 7.5V)
supplies power directly to the electronic on/off control as UNSWB+. When the radio is turned on,
MECH_SWB+ (on/off/volume control) will trigger the electronic on/off control(momentary-on path),
then SWB+ is distributed as shown in Figure 4-1. Vdda from 3.3V Vdda regulator will then supply the
microprocessor. Data is then sent to ASFIC_CMP to turn on GCB4(DAC). GCB4 will take over the
momentary-on path within 12ms. SWB+ will continue to support the whole board until the radio is
turned off.
Radio will be turned-off on two conditions;
1. MECH_SWB+ turned off
2. Low battery
4-2Controller Board
When low battery level is detected by the microprocessor through both conditions above, it will store
the radio personality data to EEPROM before turning off.
3.0Controller Board
3.1General
The controller board is the central interface between the various subsytems of the radio. It is
separated into digital and audio architectures. The digital portion consists of a special Motorola
microcontroller (HC11FL0). The audio power amplifier (Audio PA) and audio/signalling/filter/
companding IC (ASFIC_CMP) form the backbone of the audio/signalling architecture.
External
Microphone
Internal
Microphone
External
Speaker
16.8 MHz
Reference Clock
from Synthesizer
Recovered Audio
Squelch
To Synthesizer
Mod
Out
ASFIC_CMP
Audio/Signalling
Architecture
Audio
PA
To RF Board
3.3V
Regulator
(Vdda)
SPI
Digital
Architecture
3.3V
Regulator
(Vddd)
Figure 4-2: Controller Block Diagram
RAM
EEPROM
ROM
µPClock
HC11FL0
Internal
Speaker
SCI to Side
Connector
Controller Board4-3
3.2Digital Architecture
MCU configuration
There is one common MCU architecture for low-tier as well as for the high-tier products. It covers the
Conventional and Trunking portables. An open architecture system with the new HC11FL0 as the
processor is used. Combinations of different size RAM, ROM and EEPROM are available for various
application software.
REAL TIME CLOCK (RTC)
This radio supports Real Time Clock (RTC) module for purposes of Message Time Stamping and
Time Keeping. The RTC module resides in the micro-processor HC11FL0. It is kept alive by a backup Lithium Ion battery when the primary battery is removed.
UNSWB+
HC11FL0
MODA
MODB
Vddd
R461
Q416
R463
300
1
2
3
3
Q417
PI6
R420
PI7
R426
FL401
38.4kHz
GND
OUT
IN
C436
C437
UNSWB+
C435
CR411
15
2
1
R462
6
4
4
2
3
CR413
51
4
3
2
TP405
TEST_POINT
SWB+
R460
2
LI_ION
1
U410
VOUT
VIN
VSS
1
R419
BOOT_CTRL
3.3V
3
C434
Figure 4-3: RTC Circuit
Circuit Description
The RTC module which resides in the HC11FL0 is powered by the ModB/Vstby pin and PI6/PI7 form
the crystal oscillator circuit. Clock frequency of 38.4kHz from a crystal oscillator provides the
reference signal. In the processor, the frequency is divided down to 1Hz.
As the RTC module is powered separately from the processor Vdd, the RTC is kept alive through the
ModB / Vstby pin when the radio is switched off. A small button Lithium Ion battery continues to feed
the RTC when the primary battery is removed.
A MOSFET Q416 switches in the LiO supply when Vdd is removed. Q416 also provides isolation from
BOOT_CTRL function in the event of radio program flashing. A small 3.3V regulator is used to charge
the LiO battery.
4-4Controller Board
ModB/Vstby Supply
Under various conditions, the supply to the ModB/Vstby would vary. Table 4-1 shows these
conditions and circuits in operation.
Table 4-1: ModB/Vstby Supply Modes
ConditionCircuit Operation
Radio OnVdd supply voltage via CR411
Radio Off• Vdd turned off
• Q416 gate is pulled low by R462
• Q416 is switched on
• U410 supplies 3.2V to ModB/Vstby
Primary battery removed• Vdd turned off
• Q416 gate is pulled low by R462
• Q416 is switched on
• LiO battery provides 3.2V to ModB/Vstby
Flash Mode• Boot_Ctrl line pull low
• ModA & ModB goes low
• Processor in boot-strap mode
• Flashing enabled
3.3Controller Schematics (330-400MHz for 8485726Z01, 403-470MHz for 8480450Z03 & 450-527MHz for 8485641Z02)