Macromedia FrameMaker - 8.0 User Guide

ADOBE FRAMEMAKER 8

USER GUIDE

Adobe® FrameMaker® 8 User Guide for Windows® and UNIX®.

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Certain Spelling portions of this product is based on Proximity Linguistic Technology. ©Copyright 1990 Merriam-Webster Inc. ©Copyright 1990 All rights reserved. Proximity Technology A Division of Franklin Electronic Publishers, Inc. Burlington, New Jersey USA. ©Copyright 2003 Franklin Electronic Publishers Inc.©Copyright 2003 All rights reserved. Proximity Technology A Division of Franklin Electronic Publishers, Inc. Burlington, New Jersey USA. Legal Supplement ©Copyright 1990/1994 Merriam-Webster Inc./Franklin Electronic Publishers Inc. ©Copyright 1994 All rights reserved. Proximity Technology A Division of Franklin Electronic Publishers, Inc. Burlington, New Jersey USA. ©Copyright 1990/1994 Merriam-Webster Inc./Franklin Electronic Publishers Inc. ©Copyright 1997All rights reserved. Proximity Technology A Division of Franklin Electronic Publishers, Inc. Burlington, New Jersey USA ©Copyright 1990 Merriam-Webster Inc. ©Copyright 1993 All rights reserved. Proximity Technology A Division of Franklin Electronic Publishers, Inc. Burlington, New Jersey USA. ©Copyright 2004 Franklin Electronic Publishers Inc. ©Copyright 2004 All rights reserved. Proximity Technology A Division of Franklin Electronic Publishers, Inc. Burlington, New Jersey USA. ©Copyright 1991 Dr. Lluis de Yzaguirre I Maura ©Copyright 1991 All rights reserved. Proximity Technology A Division of Franklin Electronic Publishers, Inc. Burlington, New Jersey USA. ©Copyright 1990 Munksgaard International Publishers Ltd. ©Copyright 1990 All rights reserved. Proximity Technology A Division of Franklin Electronic Publishers, Inc. Burlington, New Jersey USA. ©Copyright 1990 Van Dale Lexicografie bv ©Copyright 1990 All rights reserved. Proximity Technology A Division of Franklin Electronic Publishers, Inc. Burlington, New Jersey USA. ©Copyright 1995 Van Dale Lexicografie bv ©Copyright 1996 All rights reserved. Proximity Technology A Division of Franklin Electronic Publishers, Inc. Burlington, New Jersey USA. ©Copyright 1990 IDE a.s. ©Copyright 1990 All rights reserved. Proximity Technology A Division of Franklin Electronic Publishers, Inc. Burlington, New Jersey USA. ©Copyright 1992 Hachette/Franklin Electronic Publishers Inc. ©Copyright 2004 All rights reserved. Proximity Technology A Division of Franklin Electronic Publishers, Inc. Burlington, New Jersey USA. ©Copyright 1991 Text & Satz Datentechnik ©Copyright 1991 All rights reserved. Proximity Technology A Division of Franklin Electronic Publishers, Inc. Burlington, New Jersey USA. ©Copyright 2004 Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag ©Copyright 2004 All rights reserved. Proximity Technology A Division of Franklin Electronic Publishers, Inc. Burlington, New Jersey USA. ©Copyright 2004 MorphoLogic Inc. ©Copyright 2004 All rights reserved. Proximity Technology A Division of Franklin Elect ronic Publishers, Inc. Burlington, New Jersey USA. ©Copyright 1990 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. ©Copyright 1990 All rights reserved. Proximity Technology A Division of Franklin Electronic Publishers, Inc. Burlington, New Jersey USA. ©Copyright 1993-95 Russicon Company Ltd. ©Copyright 1995 All rights reserved. Proximity Technology A Division of Franklin Electronic Publishers, Inc. Burlington, New Jersey USA. ©Copyright 2004 IDE a.s. ©Copyright 2004 All rights reserved. Proximity Technology A D ivision of Franklin El ectronic Publishers, Inc. Burlington, New Jersey USA. The Hyphenation portion of this product is based on Proximity Linguistic Technology. ©Copyright 2003 Franklin Electronic Publishers Inc.©Copyright 2003 All rights reserved. Proximity Technology A Division of Franklin Electronic Publishers, Inc. Burlington, New Jersey USA. ©Copyright 1984 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. ©Copyright 1988 All rights reserved. Proximity Technology A Division of Franklin Electronic Publishers, Inc. Burlington, New Jersey USA. ©Copyright 1990 Munksgaard International Publishers Ltd. ©Copyright 1990 All rights reserved. Proximity Technology A Division of Franklin Electronic Publishers, Inc. Burlington, New Jersey USA. ©Copyright 1997 Van Dale Lexicografie bv ©Copyright 1997 All rights reserved. Proximity Technology A Division of Franklin Electronic Publishers, Inc. Burlington, New Jersey USA. ©Copyright 1984 Editions Fernand Nathan ©Copyright 1989 All rights reserved. Proximity Technology A Division of Franklin Electronic Publishers, Inc. Burlington, New Jersey USA. ©Copyright 1983 S Fischer Verlag ©Copyright 1997 All rights reserved. P Electronic Publishers, Inc. Burlington, New Jersey USA. ©Copyright 1989 Zanichelli ©Copyright 1989 All rights reserved. Proximity Technology A Division of Franklin Electronic Publishers, Inc. Burlington, New Jersey USA. ©Copyright 1989 IDE a.s. ©Copyright 1989 All rights reserved. Proximity Technology A D ivision of Franklin El ectronic Publishers, Inc. Burlington, New Jersey USA. ©Copyright 1990 Espasa-Calpe ©Copyright 1990 All rights reserved. Proximity Technology A Division of Franklin Electronic Publishers, Inc. Burlington, New Jersey USA. ©Copyright 1989 C.A. Stromberg AB. ©Copyright 1989 All rights reserved. Proximity Technology A Division of Franklin E lectronic Publishers, Inc. Burlington, New Jersey USA.

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Notic e to U.S. gov ernment end user s. The so ftware a nd document ation are “Comm ercial Items,” as that te rm is de fined at 48 C.F.R. §2.101, consisting of “Commercial Computer Software” and “Commercial Computer Software Documentation,” as such terms are used in 48 C.F.R. §12.212 or 48 C.F.R. §227.7202, as applicable. Consistent with 48 C.F.R.

§12.212 or 48 C.F.R. §§227.7202-1 through 227.7202-4, as applicable, the Commercial Computer Software and Commercial Computer Software Documentation are being licensed to U.S. Government end users (a) only as Commercial items and (b) with only those rights as are granted to all other end users pursuant to the terms and conditions herein. Unpublished-rights reserved under the copyright laws of the United States. For U.S. Government End Users, Adobe agrees to comply with all applicable equal opportunity laws including, if appropriate, the provisions of Executive Order 11246, as amended, Section 402 of the Vietnam Era Veterans Readjustment Assistance Act of 1974 (38 USC 4212), and Section 503 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended, and the regulations at 41 CFR Parts 60-1 through 60-60, 60-250, and 60-741. The affirmative action clause and regulations contained in the preceding sentence shall be incorporated by reference.

roximity Technology A Division of Franklin

Chapter 1: Getting started

Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Adobe Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

What's new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Chapter 2: FrameMaker basics

The Welcome Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

About the workspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Understanding the structured workspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Working with unstructured FrameMaker documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Working with structured FrameMaker documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

About structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Working with XML documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Word processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Text formatting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Multiple Undo/Redo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

iii

Chapter 3: Unicode support

About Unicode support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

FrameMaker features supporting Unicode content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Setting up your computer and keyboard to work with multiple languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Chapter 4: FrameMaker tables

About tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Inserting tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Converting between text and tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Copying, moving, and removing tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Changing the look of tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Positioning tables on a page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

Adjusting rows and columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

Sorting columns and rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

Rotating cells and tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Controlling page breaks in tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Positioning and autonumbering text within cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178

Working with ruling and shading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Redefining (updating) table formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Renaming and deleting table formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Creating table formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Working with tables in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Inserting structured tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Filling in structured tables with text and graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Copying, moving, and removing structured tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Applying different formats to structured tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Positioning structured tables on a page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Adjusting rows and columns in structured tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

Rotating cells and tables in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Chapter 5: Cross-references and footnotes

Inserting cross-references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Working with cross-reference markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Displaying the source of a cross-reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Editing cross-references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Creating cross-reference formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

Using building blocks for source information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

Editing cross-reference formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Maintaining cross-references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Resolving cross-references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Working with footnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Changing footnote formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

Working with endnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Working with cross-references in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Inserting element-based cross-references in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Working with ID values in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Resolving cross-references in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

Working with footnotes in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

Working with endnotes in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

Chapter 6: Variables and equations

About variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

Inserting variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Editing variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Deleting variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

Converting variables to text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

Updating system variables on body or reference pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

Importing variable definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

Changing variable definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

Creating variables for running headers and footers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Working with variables in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

About Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

Using the Equations palette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

Inserting math elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Creating equations in structured documents using elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

Chapter 7: Filter By Attribute

About Filter By Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

Build a filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

Apply a filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

Save a document after applying a filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

Modify a filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

Delete a filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

Additional information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

Chapter 8: Conditional text

About conditional text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

Planning conditional documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

Creating, changing, and deleting condition tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299

Using Boolean expressions to generate conditional output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

Applying and removing condition tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

Working in conditional documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

Editing elements in conditional structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

Chapter 9: Graphics and anchored frames

About Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

Using the drawing tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

About graphic elements in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

About Anchored Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

Creating anchored frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346

Editing anchored frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

Preparing anchored frames for tagged PDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

Anchored frames in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

Chapter 10: Color

About Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

Color models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

Planning to use color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

Using color libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

Applying colors and tints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

Defining and modifying colors and tints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

Viewing colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

Printing color documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

Postprocessing color documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

Printing to typesetters (Windows) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

Chapter 11: Page layout and templates

About page layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377

Changing the basic page layout of a document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .380

Creating and editing custom master pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389

Aligning text across columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394

About multiflow documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397

Working with reference pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404

About Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408

Using templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

Creating templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410

Organizing templates in a folder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413

Creating templates for generated files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

Creating templates to change conditional text settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

Changing templates for blank paper and text files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

Importing and updating formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

About import and update settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

Chapter 12: Tables of contents and indexes

About Tables of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

About generated files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

Preparing the sources for TOCs and other generated lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

Generating TOCs and other lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

Updating and editing TOCs and lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423

Troubleshooting TOCs and lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

Embedding TOCs in a document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426

About indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427

Adding index markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428

Generating indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

Updating and editing indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434

Creating a master TOC or index for several books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .436

Troubleshooting indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

Adding custom marker types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

Adding titles and other static text to lists and indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

Formatting lists and indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

Changing the sort order of indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

Working with group titles in indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

Working with TOCs in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453

Generating TOCs and other lists in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454

Updating and editing lists in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455

Adding index marker elements in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456

Formatting lists and indexes in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458

Troubleshooting TOCs and lists in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459

Embedding TOCs in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460

Chapter 13: Books

About book files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

Building books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

Working with files in a book window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465

Determining how documents and pages are numbered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468

Inserting numbering in your documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470

Changing the format of files in a book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472

Using book-wide commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

Updating books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

Comparing books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474

Troubleshooting books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475

About structured book files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476

Generating and updating structured books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477

Working with book structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478

Chapter 14: Revision management

About revision management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482

About change bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482

Comparing document versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484

Determining the number of words and characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487

Track Edited Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487

Chapter 15: Managing files using WebDAV

File management using WebDAV (Windows) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492

Getting started with workgroup management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493

Managing document links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498

Chapter 16: Importing, linking, and exporting

About importing files into FrameMaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501

Choosing the right method for importing and linking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501

Using Copy and Paste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502

Using the Import command to import text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502

Using the Import command to import graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508

Using drag and drop (Windows) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511

Using OLE (Windows) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512

Using graphic insets (UNIX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514

Exporting text and graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515

Importing text into structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516

Inserting imported graphic elements into structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

Using the File Import feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519

Importing SWF files into FrameMaker documents (Windows) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522

Importing three-dimensional objects into FrameMaker documents (Windows) . . . . . . . . . . . 524

vii

Chapter 17: Hypertext and view-only documents

About online systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528

Preparing areas for becoming active . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529

Inserting hypertext commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532

Creating hypertext links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536

Creating button matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540

Creating pop-up menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541

Creating alert messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543

Creating ways to start or open . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544

Creating ways to close or exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546

Testing and troubleshooting hypertext documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547

Adding hypertext links to generated files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548

Working in view-only documents and books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .551

Working with FluidView format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553

Inserting hypertext command elements in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555

Chapter 18: HTML, XML, and Adobe PDF conversion

About HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556

About Adobe PDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575

About tagged Adobe PDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581

Defining a tagged Adobe PDF file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582

Troubleshooting and tips on PDF conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582

Saving structured documents as Adobe PDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .583

Defining PDF job options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584

Chapter 19: Processing XML

Migration from unstructured FrameMaker to XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586

XML with FrameMaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619

XML with XSL transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621

XML with Cascading Style Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622

XML with Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622

Chapter 20: UNIX macros and utilities

About the UNIX version of FrameMaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625

Using UNIX keyboard macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625

Capturing UNIX screen images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630

Performing command-line operations with fmbatch (UNIX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630

Printing with fmprint (UNIX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636

Copying file hierarchies with fmcopy (UNIX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636

Inverting images with fminvert (UNIX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636

Converting color images to monochrome (UNIX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637

viii

Chapter 21: Creating accessible documents (Windows)

Authoring for accessibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638

Using accessibility features in FrameMaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638

Setting your FrameMaker workspace for high-contrast viewing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639

Preparing documents for accessibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639

Testing accessibility in files using a screen reader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640

Chapter 22: Structured authoring using DITA

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642

About DITA in FrameMaker 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653

Using DITA in FrameMaker 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656

Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670

Chapter 23: Adobe Technical Communication Suite features in Adobe FrameMaker

Creating and editing images using RoboScreen Capture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671

Inserting and editing Adobe Captivate demos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .672

Launch Adobe Acrobat Connect from Adobe FrameMaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674

Sending PDFs for review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675

Appendix A: Typing in dialog boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677

About typing in dialog boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677

Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677

UNIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679

Appendix B: Keyboard shortcuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681

Keyboard shortcuts for Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .681

Keyboard shortcuts for UNIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738

Shortcuts for specific keyboards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775

Working with structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788

Chapter 1: Getting started

If you haven't installed your new software, begin by reading some information on installation and other preliminaries. Before you begin working with your software, take a few moments to read an overview of Adobe® Help® and of the many resources available to users. You have access to plug-ins, templates, user communities, seminars, tutorials, RSS feeds, and much more.

Installation

Requirements

To review complete system requirements and recommendations for your Adobe software, see the Read Me file on the installation CD.

Install the software

1 Close any other Adobe applications open on your computer.

2 Insert the installation disc into your CD drive, and follow the on-screen instructions.

Note: For more information, see the Read Me file on the installation CD.

Activate the software

If you have a single-user retail license for your Adobe software, you will be asked to activate your software; this is a simple, anonymous process that you must complete within 30 days of starting the software.

For more information on product activation, see the Read Me file on your installation CD, or visit the Adobe website at www.adobe.com/go/activation.

1 If the Activation dialog box isn't already open, choose Help > Activate.

2 Follow the on-screen instructions.

Note: If you want to install the software on a different computer, you must first deactivate it on your computer. Choose Help > Deactivate.

To register, follow the on-screen instructions in the Registration dialog box, which appears after you install and activate the software.

If you postpone registration, you can register at any time by choosing Help > Registration.

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Adobe Help

Adobe Help resources

Documentation for your Adobe software is available in a variety of formats.

In-product and LiveDocs Help

In-product Help provides access to all documentation and instructional content available at the time the software ships. It is available through the Help menu in your Adobe software.

LiveDocs Help includes all the content from in-product Help, plus updates and links to additional instructional content available on the web. For some products, you can also add comments to the topics in LiveDocs Help. Find LiveDocs Help for your product in the Adobe Help Resource Center, at www.adobe.com/go/documentation.

Think of Help, both in the product and on the web, as a hub for accessing additional content and communities of users. The most complete and up-to-date version of Help is always on the web.

PDF documentation

The in-product Help is also available as a PDF that is optimized for printing. Other documents, such as installation guides and white papers, may also be provided as PDFs. All documents available in the OnlineManuals folder in the previous versions of Adobe FrameMaker® are posted on the Adobe web.

All PDF documentation is available through the Adobe Help Resource Center, at www.adobe.com/go/

documentation.

To see the PDF documentation included with your software, look in the Documents folder on the installation or content CD.

Printed documentation

Printed editions of the product Help are available for purchase in the Adobe Store, at www.adobe.com/go/store. You can also find books published by Adobe publishing partners in the Adobe Store.

A printed Getting Started Guide is also included with the software.

Customer support

Visit the Adobe Support website, at www.adobe.com/support, to find troubleshooting information for your product and to learn about free and paid technical support options. Follow the Training link for access to Adobe Press books, a variety of training resources, Adobe software certification programs, and more.

Downloads

Visit www.adobe.com/go/downloads to find free updates, tryouts, and other useful software. In addition, the Adobe Store (at www.adobe.com/go/store) provides access to thousands of plug-ins from third-party developers, helping you to automate tasks, customize workflows, create specialized professional effects, and more.

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Adobe Labs

Adobe Labs® gives you the opportunity to experience and evaluate new and emerging technologies and products from Adobe.

At Adobe Labs, you have access to resources such as these:

• Prerelease software and technologies

• Code samples and best practices to accelerate your learning

• Early versions of product and technical documentation

• Forums, wiki-based content, and other collaborative resources to help you interact with like-minded developers

Adobe Labs fosters a collaborative software development process. In this environment, customers quickly become productive with new products and technologies. Adobe Labs is also a forum for early feedback, which the Adobe development teams use to create software that meets the needs and expectations of the community.

Visit Adobe Labs at www.adobe.com/go/labs.

User communities

User communities feature forums, blogs, and other avenues for users to share technologies, tools, and information.

Users can ask questions and find out how others are getting the most out of their software. User-to-user forums are available in English, French, German, and Japanese; blogs are posted in a wide range of languages.

To participate in forums or blogs, visit www.adobe.com/communities.

What's new

Chapter 2: FrameMaker basics

The Welcome Screen

By default, the Welcome Screen appears when you open FrameMaker only when Adobe Flash® Player is installed in your machine. If you want, you can prevent the Welcome Screen from appearing using the following steps.

To prevent the display of the Welcome Screen:

Select File > Preferences > General.

The Preferences dialog box appears.

2 Select the Don't Show Welcome Screen option if you don’t want this dialog box to appear when you open

the software.

3 Click Set.

The Welcome Screen isn’t displayed the next time you open FrameMaker.

Note: You can also select the Don’t Show Welcome Screen Again option in the Welcome Screen.

About the workspace

The Adobe FrameMaker workspace comprises structured and unstructured interfaces. A workspace includes a Document window with formatted contents or the Structure View window with the Element Catalog. When you work in the unstructured workspace, the only window available is the Document window, which displays the content of your document as it will appear on a printed page or online. Alternatively, the Document window and the Structure View window are available when you work in the structured workspace. These windows help you organize elements in a valid structure.

When you open the application for the first time, FrameMaker provides you with the option to work in the Unstructured FrameMaker workspace, or in the Structured FrameMaker workspace. You can change the interface you work in by selecting the desired workspace. After you select the workspace, FrameMaker opens in the selected mode in each successive launch of the application, regardless of the structure status of the document you open.

To switch between unstructured FrameMaker and structured FrameMaker:

Select File > Preferences > General (Windows), or File > Preferences (UNIX®).

2 In the Product Interface list, select FrameMaker or Structured FrameMaker.

3 Click Set. You are prompted to restart FrameMaker for the preference change to take effect.

Components of the FrameMaker workspace

FrameMakercomprises several components and operations common to the structured and unstructured workspaces.

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Document window

A Document window appears when you open a structured or unstructured FrameMaker document. The window shows the document with its text formatted, its graphics and other items in place, and everything laid out in a page design. If more than one document is open, a Document window appears for each one.

Customizing the document display in the Document window

You can change the way each document window looks in the following ways:

• Zooming in and out

• Changing the preset display units

• Showing and hiding window guides

• Changing the set of menu commands

Zooming in and out

You can zoom in to focus on details or zoom out to see more. The Zoom pop-up menu, in both the Document window and Structure View for structured documents, shows the current zoom setting.

A. Zoom pop-up menu B. Zoom Out button C. Zoom In button

You can change the zoom setting of one or more documents in a book by selecting the documents in the book window and choosing a command from the View > Zoom menu.However, the Fit Page In Window, Fit Window to Page, and Fit Window To Text Frame will affect only selected documents that are open.

To change the zoom setting:

❖ Do one of the following:

• To magnify text and objects, click the Zoom In button. FrameMaker zooms in on the area of the page containing

the insertion point or selection. If the document doesn’t contain an insertion point or a selection, FrameMaker zooms in on the center of the page.

• To decrease the magnification, click the Zoom Out button.

• To display text and objects at a particular magnification, select a percentage from the Zoom pop-up menu.

• To display the entire page in the current window, select Fit Page In Window from the Zoom pop-up menu.

To resize the window to the size of the page:

❖ Select Fit Window To Page from the Zoom pop-up menu. If the view options are set to display facing pages, the

window is resized to accommodate two pages side by side.

To resize the window to the size of the text frame:

❖ Select Fit Window To Text Frame from the Zoom pop-up menu.

To change the available zoom settings:

Select Set from the Zoom pop-up menu.

2 Do one of the following:

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User Guide

• To change the available zoom settings, select the percentage you want to change and enter the new percentage.

Enter any percentage from 25% to 1600%. The values are sorted in the ascending order, so you can enter values in any text box.

• To return to the default percentages, click Get Defaults.

Note: You can customize the default zoom settings. For information, see the online manual Customizing FrameMaker on the Adobe website: www.adobe.com/devnet/framemaker/pdfs/Customizing_Frame_Products.pdf.

3 Click Set.

To make 100% zoom match the page size in Windows: 1 Select File > Preferences > General.

2 For Monitor Size, specify the diagonal size of your monitor, and then click OK.

If screen-to-paper fidelity is not critical, you may want to leave Monitor Size set to Default. This ensures cross-application compatibility, which is important if you frequently edit embedded OLE objects within a document.

Changing the preset display units

Some text boxes in dialog boxes require a unit of measurement (such as points or inches) for the value you enter. You can specify the default units for font size and line spacing (font size units) and for other measurements (display units). The default units of measurement appear after the values in the text boxes. If you enter a value without a unit of measurement, FrameMaker uses the default unit.

To change the preset units:

Make the appropriate document window or book window active. If a book window is active, select the documents

you want to work in.

2 Select View > Options.

3 Specify values for Display Units and Font Size Units, and then click Set.

To enter different units in a text box:

❖ Enter one of the following abbreviations for the units along with the numeric value:

• cm to specify centimeters

• mm to specify millimeters

• " or in to specify inches

• pc, pi, or pica to specify picas

• pt or point to specify points

• dd to specify didots

• cc or cicero to specify ciceros

• Q to specify Q units (refers to font size and line spacing for Japanese language only)

FrameMaker converts the entry to the preset display units when you click a command button in the dialog box.

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User Guide

For example, if your document’s display units are picas and if you want to set a paragraph indent of 1 inch, enter 1" in the First Indent text box. When you click Apply, the measurement changes to the number of picas that corresponds to 1 inch.

Showing and hiding window guides

You may want to show several visual guides in the document window. The following types of guides are available:

• Borders around text frames, graphic frames, and imported objects

• Markers, paragraph returns, and other symbols in running text

• Rulers along the top and left side of the window

You can also show a grid of horizontal and vertical lines for drawing, resizing, and aligning graphics. For information on this grid, see “Using grids” on page 311.

The visual guides are all nonprinting, so you do not need to hide them when you print.

To show or hide visual guides: 1 Make the appropriate document window or book window active. If a book window is active, select the documents

you want to affect.

2 Do the following:

• To show or hide borders, select View > Borders. (If the book window is active, select View > Show Borders or

View > Hide Borders.)

• To show or hide the text symbols, select View > Text Symbols. The following symbols may appear in the

document window.

• To show or hide the rulers, select View > Rulers.

Text symbol Meaning

End of paragraph

End of flow and end of table cell

Tab

Anchored frame and table anchor

Marker

Forced return

Manual equation alignment point

Nonbreaking space

Discretionary hyphen

Suppress hyphenation

To change the spacing of ruler or grid intervals:

Make the appropriate document window or book window active. If a book window is active, select the documents

you want to affect.

2 Select View > Options.

3 Select a new setting from the Rulers pop-up menu or from the Grid pop-up menu, and click Set.

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Changing the set of menu commands

You can display a subset of menu commands called quick menus. The quick menus do not have commands for formatting text, editing some aspects of graphics, and inserting some objects such as markers and variables.

If you do not see all the menu commands described in this manual, you may have the quick menus displayed.

Note: If you’re using a structured document, your application developer may have changed the commands available in the complete menus.

To display the quick menus:

❖ Select View > Menus > Quick.

To return to the complete menus:

❖ Select View > Menus > Complete.

To customize menus:

❖ Add, move, or remove menus and commands as described in the online manual Customizing FrameMaker.

This manual is available on the Adobe website: www.adobe.com/devnet/framemaker/pdfs/

Customizing_Frame_Products.pdf.

File display options

FrameMaker contains an option that allows you to display the file name before the path in the frame titles of document windows, so that you can see the file name if a long path name would otherwise hide it.

• In Windows, there is a new flag, DisplayFileLeafFirst, in the initialization file, maker.ini. If the value

On, the file name in the document or book window title is shown in the format filename pathname. This format

is is also used to display the file name in the dialog that lists all open files. By default the value is set to

Off, the line

is marked as a comment, and the file name is displayed in the format pathname filename, as previously.

• In UNIX, there is a new boolean xresource, Maker.displayFileLeafFirst. When this is set to True, the

file name in the document or book window title is shown in the format filename pathname. By default the value is set to

False, and the file name is displayed in the format pathname filename, as previously.

The flag does not affect how the root name of the folder or directory tree is shown in individual file names inside the book window.

Paging through a document in the Document window

You can page through a Document window using controls in the status bar.

A. Previous Page button B. Next Page button

You can also define how FrameMaker displays pages when you scroll—up and down, left and right, or two pages at a time.

If the document you are paging through is part of an open book, FrameMaker may display an alert message prompting you to choose to open the next or previous document in the book. For example, if you click the Previous Page button on the first page of a document, clicking Yes in the alert message box will open the previous document in the book. The last page of that document will appear.

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User Guide

To go to another page:

❖ Do one of the following:

• To go to the next page, click the Next Page button.

• To go to the previous page, click the Previous Page button.

• To go to the first page in the document, Shift-click the Previous Page button.

• To go to the last page in the document, Shift-click the Next Page button.

• To go to a specific page or the page containing a specific line number, click in the Page Status area, specify the page

or line number you want to display, and click Go.

• To go to the page containing the insertion point, click in the Page Status area, click Page Containing the Insertion

Point, and click Go.

• To move quickly through the pages, scroll vertically.

You can click or select in the Structure View to display the corresponding page in the document window. This is often the quickest way to go to the page you want. For information on working in Structure View, see “The

Structure View window” on page 12.

To set how pages scroll: 1 Make the appropriate document window or book window active. If a book window is active, select the documents

you want to affect.

2 Choose View > Options.

3 Choose one of the following options from the Page Scrolling pop-up menu:

• To display pages from top to bottom (for example, page 2 below page 1), choose Vertical.

• To display pages from left to right (for example, page 2 to the right of page 1), choose Horizontal.

• To display pages two at a time, side by side, choose Facing Pages.

• To display as many pages as will fit in the window from left to right, choose Variable.

4 Click Set.

To make pages display more quickly:

❖ Do the following:

• Open the document by bypassing the update of imported graphics, cross-references, and text insets. (Opening a

document without updating references makes a document open faster but may slow down the display of individual pages.) For more information on this, see “Opening documents without updating references” on page 23.

• Turn off the display of graphics by choosing View > Options, deselecting the Graphics option, and clicking Set.

The graphics also do not appear in print.

• Display small text as gray bars by choosing File > Preferences > General, entering a point size in the Greek Screen

Text Smaller text box, and clicking Set. Whenever text in your document is displayed in a point size smaller than the size you specified, it appears on the screen as a gray bar.

Using command shortcuts

You can use the following types of shortcuts in a structured or unstructured document:

• Keyboard shortcuts for all commands (for a list of these shortcuts, see the online Help).

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• The QuickAccess bar, which has several pages of commands for working with documents and editing text,

graphics, and tables

• The Formatting bar, which contains text formatting commands

• The Track Text Edit bar, which contains commands for tracking, accepting, and rejecting text edits

• The context pop-up menus, which have commands that are useful at the location of the pointer

Important: When using structured documents, keep in mind that shortcuts have the same effect on your document’s structure as their menu-command equivalents. For example, if you paste an element using a context menu, the element may not be valid at its new location. Or if you change text to italics using a QuickAccess command, you may be overriding an element’s format rules.

You can view multiple documents in different tabs. When you select the Tabbed Bar option in the View menu, the tabs of open FrameMaker document windows appears.

FrameMaker also provides a formatting bar for quickly modifying a paragraph’s spacing, alignment, or tab stops. You should use this bar only in an unstructured document, because in structured documents these properties are usually handled by elements. For more information, see “Changing text without using the catalogs” on page 103.

Note: If you select text to which different font types, font sizes, and paragraph tags have been applied, the Paragraph Format, Font Name, and Font Size menus in the Formatting bar will display blank entries. For example, if you select text containing font sizes 12 and 14, the entry in the Font Size menu will appear blank.

Using the QuickAccess bar

You can keep the QuickAccess bar open in the workspace and click commands as you need them. See the Quick Reference Card for a list of the available commands.

To display the QuickAccess bar:

❖ Select View > QuickAccess bar.

To use the QuickAccess bar:

❖ Do any of the following:

• To select a command from the bar, click the command button.

• To display a different group of commands, click on the bar.

• To change to vertical or horizontal orientation, click on the bar.

• To view help for the commands, click on the bar.

To close the QuickAccess bar:

❖ Do one of the following:

• (Windows) Select View > QuickAccess bar.

• (UNIX) Place the pointer on the bar and press Control+c.

Using context menus

The context menus contain commands for the item under the pointer—for example, text, a graphic, selected table cells, or the document as a whole when the pointer is in the margin.

To display a context menu:

❖ Right-click.

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Understanding the structured workspace

About the structured workspace

When you work with structured documents, you’ll use the Document window and the Structure View window with the Element Catalog. These windows help you organize elements in a valid structure.

Contents and structure information

To work with the structured workspace, you must be in the Structured FrameMaker interface. For information on working in Structured FrameMaker, see “About the workspace” on page 5.

The Structure View window

The Structure View window shows a hierarchy of elements for the document (or the flow within a document) that has the insertion point or selection. The view uses bubbles to represent elements and their relationship to one another, and it identifies errors in the document’s structure. You can also display attributes in the Structure View.

The document window and Structure View are both editable, and anything you do in one is mirrored in the other. You can have the two views open side by side, to keep track of both contents and structure. If you click or select in one view, an insertion point or selection appears at the equivalent place in the other view, and any editing you do in one is reflected in the other. If you click or select in an unstructured flow in a document window, the Structure View is empty.

Note: If you are using the OpenWindows windows system for UNIX, you cannot resize the Structure View window when the pushpin feature is turned on.

To display the Structure View:

❖ Click the Structure View button at the upper right corner in the document window.

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You edit text and other contents in the document window. You can edit the structure of a document in either view, but it’s usually easier to make your changes in the Structure View, where you can drag and drop bubbles to rearrange elements or select bubbles to edit them in other ways.

The structured document’s Element Catalog

A structured document’s Element Catalog lists the elements you can use at the current location, provides commands for adding and editing elements, and may display other information about the current location, such as whether you can type text.

Element Catalog

To display the Element Catalog:

❖ Click the Element Catalog button at the upper right in the document window.

The information in the Element Catalog comes from content rules in the definition for the current element— the element with the insertion point or selection. The current location is the position of the insertion point or selection in that element.

The catalog is initially preset to show only the elements that are valid at the current location, though you can have it display more elements if you want greater flexibility (see “Changing the scope of elements available in a structured document” on page 18).

The catalog is empty if you click or select in an unstructured flow, if the document does not have any element definitions, or if no more elements are required at the current location and no optional elements are available.

The Element Catalog uses the following symbols to identify whether an element is valid:

Heavy check mark The element is valid at the current location. If you insert the element, the current (parent)

element will be correct and complete up to this location.

Plus sign (+) The element is an inclusion (SGML only) in the current element and is valid at the current location.

The plus sign always appears next to a heavy check mark. Inclusions are valid only in SGML documents, so this sign will not appear in XML documents.

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Even though inclusions are as valid as elements identified with just a heavy check mark, you might find it helpful to list inclusions separately (see “Changing the scope of elements available in a structured document” on page 18).

If a document has many inclusions, it can be difficult to find other valid elements in the catalog.

Question mark (?) The element is a possible replacement for the element right after the insertion point or for the

selected elements. It is valid at the current location, but will make child elements after it invalid. If you insert an element with a question mark, the current (parent) element will be complete and correct up to this location, but you’ll have to correct errors after the new element.

Light check mark The element is valid later in the current element. If you insert one of these elements, the current

(parent) element will be correct but incomplete up to this location. You’ll have to go back and fill in missing child elements.

No symbol If an element in the catalog has no symbol, it is not valid at the current location or later in the current

element. It may be valid earlier in the current element or outside the element.

The Element Catalog may also include the following indicators to provide other information about the current location:

<TEXT> You can type text at this point.

<UNDEFINED> The current element does not have a definition in the document. The element was probably pasted

from a document with different element definitions. (This does not appear when the catalog is set to display all elements.)

<INVALID> The contents of the current element are invalid. (This does not appear when the catalog is set to display

all elements.)

You can use buttons in the Element Catalog to insert an empty element, wrap an element around contents, and change the type of an existing element. For details on working with the catalog, see “About elements” on page 521.

Customizing the display of the structured workspace

You can customize the FrameMaker workspace by showing element boundaries and other guides in a document window, showing attributes for new elements in the Structure View, and changing the set of menus in the menu bar.

Collapsing and expanding elements

You can collapse an element bubble in the Structure View to stack the element and all of its descendants into a single bubble. This does not affect the placement of the insertion point, the contents of the element, or the way in which the element appears in the document window.

Collapsed element

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Expanding an element shows all the bubbles again.

Expanded element

Collapsing elements gives you a higher-level look at a document’s structure and makes it easier to move elements around. You may find it especially helpful to collapse long lists of items and procedures with many steps.

When an element has descendants, a plus sign or minus sign appears on the left side of the element’s bubble:

User Guide

• A plus sign (+) appears when the element is collapsed, indicating that more element bubbles are available for

viewing. The plus sign is red if there is invalid content anywhere inside the collapsed element.

• A minus sign (–) appears when the element is expanded.

To collapse or expand an element:

❖ Click the minus sign or plus sign on the left side of the element’s bubble.

To collapse or expand an element and all its siblings:

❖ Shift-click the minus sign or plus sign on the left side of the element’s bubble.

Showing and hiding attributes for an element

An element may be defined to have attributes, which provide supplemental information about the element. For example, an attribute might describe the draft version of a Chapter element or the level of classification of a Memo element. For more information on the uses of attributes, see “Attributes for elements” on page 522.

You can show all of an element’s attributes, none of its attributes, or only the attributes that are required or have a value. You can also show or hide attributes for all new elements you add to a document (see “Changing the scope of elements available in a structured document” on page 20).

When an element is defined to have attributes, a plus sign or minus sign appears on the right side of the element’s bubble:

• A plus sign (+) appears when some or all of the attributes are hidden, indicating that more attributes are available

for viewing.

• A minus sign (–) appears when all the attributes are showing.

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To show or hide attributes for an element:

❖ Click the plus sign or minus sign on the right side of the element’s bubble.

As you click the sign, you cycle through three possible displays. Clicking a minus sign hides the attributes. If no attributes are showing, clicking a plus sign shows attributes that are required or have a value. If some attributes are already showing, clicking a plus sign shows all the attributes.

Click the minus sign to the right of the element to hide attributes. The sign will become a plus sign. Click the plus sign to show attributes that are required or have an attribute. The sign then becomes a minus sign. Click the minus sign again to show all attributes.

To show or hide attributes for an element and all its siblings:

❖ Shift-click the plus sign or minus sign on the right side of the element’s bubble.

Showing and hiding element boundaries

Element boundaries mark each element’s beginning and end in a document window. Working with boundaries showing can help you see how a document’s contents fit into its elements, and can make it easier to place an insertion point properly or to make the right selection.

For most elements, the boundaries can appear as opening and closing brackets ( [ ] ) or as two boxes with an element tag. For some elements (graphics, footnotes, markers, tables, and equations), the element’s location can be marked only by one box with a tag. Table parts themselves, such as table titles and cells, do not display element boundaries. However, element boundaries do display inside of table parts.

When elements are inside other elements, their brackets or tags nest to show the hierarchy.

Note: The brackets and tags that mark element boundaries are characters that both print and occupy document space. You may wish to hide them before printing to prevent them from printing and to view a document layout that is not altered by the element boundaries.

To show or hide bracket element boundaries:

Make the appropriate document window or book window active. If a book window is active, select the documents

you want to affect.

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2 Select View > Element Boundaries. (If the book window is active, select View > Show Element Boundaries or

View > Hide Element Boundaries.)

Most types of elements have an opening bracket ( [ ) and a closing bracket ( ] ).

A. Section element B. Head element C. Para element

To show or hide tag element boundaries: 1 Make the appropriate document window or book window active. If a book window is active, select the documents

you want to affect.

2 Sel ect View > E lemen t Bou ndari es (as Tags ). If the b oo k wi ndow is ac tive, selec t Vi ew > Sh ow E lemen t Bou ndar ie s

(as Tags) or View > Hide Element Boundaries (as Tags).

Most types of elem ents have an op ening bound ary tag and a c losing boundar y tag. Some ele ment s, such as footnotes, have no boundary tags. They appear as a single tag.

Tag element boundar ie s

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Showing and hiding attributes for new elements

You can show or hide attributes for new elements in the Structure View. The view can display all the attributes in the flow, none of the attributes, or only the attributes that are required or have a value. This setting applies to new elements as you enter them.

You can also show or hide attributes for an individual element (see “Showing and hiding attributes for an element” on page 17).

To show or hide attributes for new elements: 1 Make the appropriate document window or book window active. If a book window is active, select the documents

you want to affect.

2 Select View > Attribute Display Options, choose the display option you want, and click Set.

Changing the scope of elements available in a structured document

When adding elements to a structured document, you may want to insert only elements that are valid at the current location. (These are the elements that have heavy check marks, heavy check marks and a plus sign, and question marks in the Element Catalog.) If you prefer to add elements this way, you can work from the beginning of a document to the end and be sure that its structure is valid at every point along the way.

There may be times when you want to work more loosely though, and in these cases you can make more elements available. For example, some draft documents may not need to adhere strictly to a predefined structure, but will follow the structure only as a guideline. Or you may plan to make your document conform to a structure but do not have all the information you need to complete it from start to finish.

When more elements are available, the additional elements appear in the Element Catalog and are available if you insert elements from the keyboard. You can also list inclusions after other valid elements in the catalog.

The Element Catalog displays symbols to identify valid elements (see “Using the structured document’s Element Catalog” on page 15). When showing invalid elements, you can still use the symbols as suggestions for building a

valid structure.

To change the scope of elements available: 1 Make the appropriate document window or book window active. If a book window is active, select the documents

you want to affect.

2 Select Element > Set Available Elements. You can also click Options in the Element Catalog.

3 Select one of the following options in the Show Tags For area:

• To show only elements that are valid for the current location, select Valid Elements for Working Start to Finish.

Use this option if you plan to go through a document from start to finish and fill in the elements in their correct order and hierarchy.

• To show elements that are valid for the current location or later in the current element, select Valid Elements for

Working in Any Order. Use this setting if you plan to build a valid document but not necessarily by working from start to finish. This is helpful if you don’t have all the information you need.

• To show elements allowed anywhere in the current element, select Elements Allowed Anywhere in Parent.

Use this setting if you want more flexibility for filling in elements. You can insert elements that are invalid and correct the errors later.

• To show all elements defined for the document, select All Elements. Use this setting if you’re not building a valid

document, if you want flexibility and will correct errors later, if you’re wrapping elements around contents, or if you want to see what’s available elsewhere in the document.

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• To show a set of elements that you specify, select Customized List. Use this setting to work with a subset of the

elements, to display elements in a fixed order, or to work with a list that is static instead of context-sensitive.

4 If you selected Customized List, click Edit and create or change a list of elements.

To move element tags between the Show and Don’t Show lists, use the arrow buttons or double-click the element tags. Transfer all of the elements from one list to another by holding down Shift as you click an arrow button. Click the Move Up and Move Down buttons to arrange the elements in the Show list in the order you want them to appear in the Element Catalog. Click Set when the list is the way you want it.

Note: A customized list of tags is always the same regardless of the location of the insertion point, so be careful to include all the tags you’ll need. The only indication of validity is a check mark next to a tag.

5 To list inclusions separately in the Element Catalog, turn on List After Other Valid Elements.

This groups the inclusions right after the other valid elements. Use this setting if you have a large number of inclusions that you rarely need.

6 Click Set.

Working with unstructured FrameMaker documents

Creating documents

You can create a document by using a template that defines how a document looks. Or you can start with the equivalent of a blank paper. When you create a document, a document window appears. For information about the Document window, see “Document window” on page 6.

In FrameMaker, you can create either structured or unstructured documents. Structured documents are required for working with SGML and XML formats, while unstructured documents are not set up for exporting to SGML or XML. For information on working with structured documents, see “Working with structured FrameMaker documents” on page 32.

Creating documents from templates

Templates are the foundation of the FrameMaker approach to document publishing. They affect every aspect of a document’s appearance and help to keep that appearance consistent from one page to the next and from one document to another. Unstructured FrameMaker comes with Standard Templates for letters, memos, fax, envelope, reports, outlines, pagination sheet, newsletters, and books. However, you can use any document as a template. If the document contains text and graphics, you can delete them and then insert your own.

To create a document from a template:

Choose File > New > Document. In UNIX, you can also click New in the main FrameMaker window.

2 Navigate to the document you want to use as a template (either the standard ones or your own). If you want to use

a standard template—one in the FrameMaker Templates folder—but the contents of another folder appear in the New dialog box, navigate to the Templates folder in one of the following locations:

• (Windows) The FrameMaker8 folder.

• (UNIX) The fminit/language/Templates directory within the FrameMaker installation location. (In the path

above, replace language with the name of the language you’re using—for example, usenglish or ukenglish.)

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3 Select a template and click New (Windows) or Create (UNIX). The new, untitled document contains the formats

and content from the template.

To view information about the standard templates, choose File > New > Document, click Explore Standard

Templates, and select a template in the scroll list. After viewing the information, click Create to create an empty document from the selected template, or click Show Sample to view a document that contains sample text and graphics.

Creating documents from blank paper

If no standard template or other existing document looks the way you want, you can use a blank paper document. A document created from blank paper includes a few basic formats. You can use these formats as is, change them, or create new ones.

You can customize the document FrameMaker uses to create portrait, landscape, and custom documents. For details, see “Changing templates for blank paper and text files” on page 414.

To create a document from blank paper: 1 Choose File > New > Document. In UNIX, you can also click New in the main FrameMaker window.

2 Do one of the following:

• To create a standard one-column document, click Portrait or Landscape.

• To create a document with exactly the page size, margins, and number of columns you want, click Custom.

3 If you clicked Custom, do the following and then click Create:

• Choose a preset page size or enter the width and height for the pages.

• Enter the number of columns and a gap. The gap is the space between columns.

• Enter values for the margins, as measured from the edge of the page.

• Select a pagination option. If you select Double-Sided, choose Right 1st Page or Left 1st Page from the pop-up

menu to determine the side on which the document starts.

• Choose the display units for the document. Display units are the units that FrameMaker uses when it measures

distances in your document. These display units appear in dialog boxes and in the document window’s status bar. For information, see “Changing the preset display units” on page 7.

Opening documents

In addition to FrameMaker documents, you can open text files, files in MIF (Maker Interchange Format), files in MML (Maker Markup Language), and XML and SGML documents in Structured FrameMaker. You can also open files created in other applications, such as Microsoft Word, if the required filter is installed. Much of the file’s formatting is retained when you open the file. For information on filters, see the online manual Using Filters.

When you open a document, a Document window appears.

To open a file:

Select File > Open. In UNIX, you can also click Open in the main FrameMaker window.

2 Locate the document you want to open and click Open. If FrameMaker displays an alert message or a dialog box

before opening the document, see “Messages and dialog boxes that may appear when opening documents” on page 21.

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Opening a document usually updates graphics imported by reference, text insets, cross-references, and system variables (if there are any). For information on preventing automatic updating of references, see “Opening documents without updating references” on page 23 and “Suppressing automatic updating of cross-references” on page 209.

You can limit the files listed in the Open dialog box by entering wildcards (regular expressions in UNIX) in

the Open File Named text box. For example, if you enter *.new, you see any folder or document that has the extension .new. If you enter Chapter?, you see any folder or document whose name consists of Chapter followed by a single character. To re-display the entire contents of the folder, enter * in the text box.

To open a recently opened document: 1 Go to the bottom of the File menu, which lists the last five files you opened.

2 Select the file.

Messages and dialog boxes that may appear when opening documents

If one of the following alert messages or dialog boxes appears, you must click OK or provide more information before continuing.

Missing fonts or font metric information If you click OK to continue, new fonts replace the missing ones. As a result,

line breaks, page breaks, and the width of text lines may change (see “Troubleshooting unavailable fonts” on page 21).

Missing imported graphics Skip the missing graphic or specify a new location for it (see “Locating missing graphics”

on page 510).

Missing text insets Click OK to continue opening the file. You can locate the insets later (see “Locating the source

of unresolved text insets” on page 507).

Tex t f ile Specify how to convert the text lines to paragraphs. For details, see “Opening text files” on page 22.

Unresolved cross-references Click OK to continue opening the file. You can resolve the cross-references later

(see “Resolving cross-references” on page 209).

Unknown file type Select a file type in the list and click Convert to continue opening the document.

Troubleshooting unavailable fonts

You may get an alert message that indicates the document you’re opening uses unavailable fonts. Fonts can become unavailable for a number of reasons: the document may have been edited on a different system with fonts not installed on the system you’re using; a font may have been removed or become damaged; the default printer for your system may have been changed.

If the Remember Missing Font Names option in the Preferences dialog box is selected, FrameMaker preserves the names of unavailable fonts. If missing font names are remembered, the original fonts will reappear when you open the document on a computer that has the fonts installed, even if you save the document with substitute fonts.

To fix the problem of missing fonts, consider the following options:

Check for damaged fonts Determine whether the fonts that are unavailable in FrameMaker are installed on your

system and available in another application. If another application can use fonts that FrameMaker cannot use, the fonts may be damaged. Reinstall them using the original media. For more information on troubleshooting font problems, isolating damaged fonts or a damaged fonts folder, or reinstalling Type 1 fonts, see the Adobe Web site.

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