Macromedia FrameMaker - 12.0 XML Author Instruction Manual

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Using ADOBE

FRAMEMAKER® 12 XML AUTHOR

Legal notices

For legal notices, see http://help.adobe.com/en_US/legalnotices/index.html.

Last updated 1/16/2014

Chapter 1: Getting Started

Activation and registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Help and support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Services, downloads, and extras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Chapter 2: About FrameMaker XML Author

Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Collaborate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Feature Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Chapter 3: FrameMaker XML Author Basics

User interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

Accessibility features in FrameMaker XML Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Opening, saving, and closing documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Restore last session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

iii

Chapter 4: Variables, line numbers, and document creation

Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Line numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Create documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Chapter 5: Text

Adding and editing text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Working with elements in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Search for items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Check spelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Use the Thesaurus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Multiple Undo/Redo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Working with multiple languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Chapter 6: Tables

About tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Insert, move, or remove a table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

Text and graphics in tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

Chapter 7: Graphics

Graphics and objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Using color in text and objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Anchored frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Hotspots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Object Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Using RoboScreenCapture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

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Chapter 8: Dynamic Documents

Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Create hypertext links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

Create ways to start, open, and close applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

Test and troubleshoot hypertext documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Cross-references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Chapter 9: Books and Long Documents

About books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Create books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Managing books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Footnotes and endnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

Conditional documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Troubleshooting books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

Chapter 10: Working with Documents

Importing and linking files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

Embedding objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

3D object part links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Interactive Links for 3D/Multimedia Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Export text and graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

Smart paste hypertext and MS® Word contents as structured content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Managing files using WebDAV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

Chapter 11: Editing Content

Identify changes by tracking edited text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Track changes at book or map level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

Using Dropbox for review and collaborative writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Compare versions to view changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Determine word and character count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

Import PDF comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

Roundtripping tables, equations, and anchored frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Direct OLE support in XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270

Chapter 12: Structured Authoring

Introduction to structured authoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

XML with FrameMaker XML Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

Error console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

Filter By Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

Banner text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

Regular Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

XPath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

Chapter 13: Structured Authoring Using DITA

Why DITA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

DITA support in FrameMaker XML Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

DITA options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

DITA topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

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DITA maps and bookmaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

DITA content references (conrefs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

DITA cross-references and links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

Find References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

Assign IDs to elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

Conditional processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

Us ing DITA Open Toolk it t o Pu bli sh DITA content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

Chapter 14: Working with Content Management Systems

Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330

Documentum® and SharePoint® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

Chapter 15: Scripting in FrameMaker XML Author

What is scripting? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350

Why use scripting? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350

Getting started with scripting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350

Chapter 16: Keyboard Shortcuts

About keyboard shortcuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354

Navigating through documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

Keys for screen modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

Keys for views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

Dialog boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

Keys for selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

Menu commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

Tab le s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

Book commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

Keys for finding and changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372

Document utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374

Tex t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

Track Text Edit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378

Editing text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

Entering special characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

Function keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

Keys for drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382

Keys for editing objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

Keys for adding color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386

Keys for equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386

Filter By Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400

Hierarchical element insert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400

Markers and variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401

Working with structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401

Element menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402

Other useful shortcuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403

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Chapter 1: Getting Started

Before you begin working with your software, take a few moments to read an overview of activation and the many resources available to you. You have access to instructional videos, plug-ins, templates, user communities, seminars, tutorials, RSS feeds, and much more.

Resources

Before you begin working with FrameMaker XML Author, take a few moments to read an overview of activation and the many resources available to you. In addition to the links below, you have access to instructional videos, plug-ins, templates, user communities, seminars, tutorials, RSS feeds, and much more online.

• “Activation and registration” on page 1

• Adobe TV instructional videos for FrameMaker XML Author

• Adobe FrameMaker discussion forum

• Framers -- An email list for FrameMaker discussions

Activation and registration

To review complete system requirements and Adobe Recommendations for your Adobe® FrameMaker XML Author® 12 software, see the product page at

Install the software

1 Close any Adobe applications open on your computer.

2 Insert the installation disc into your disk drive, and follow the onscreen instructions.

Help with installation

For help with installation issues, see the Installation Support Center at www.adobe.com/go/learn_fm_install_en.

License activation

During the installation process, your Adobe software contacts an Adobe server to complete the license activation process. No personal data is transmitted. For more information on product activation, visit the Adobe website at

www.adobe.com/go/activation.

Register

www.adobe.com/products/framemaker.

❖ To register, follow the onscreen instructions in the Registration dialog box, which appears when you first start the

software.

If you postpone registration, you can register at any time by choosing Help > Registration.

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USING FRAMEMAKER XML AUTHOR 12

Getting Started

Help and support

Visit the Adobe Support website at www.adobe.com/support/framemaker to access documentation, along with tutorials and troubleshooting information. You can also access customer support information from this page.

Online Help also includes a link to the complete, updated PDF version of Help.

Adobe Community Help

Adobe Community Help is an integrated environment on Adobe.com that gives you access to community-generated content moderated by Adobe and industry experts. Think of Community Help as collections of related items rather than books. Adobe continually curates and adds to these collections.

Bookmark the FrameMaker Help hub page to find the best content on the web about FrameMaker XML Author, including these resources:

• Videos, tutorials, tips and techniques, blogs, articles, and examples for designers and developers.

• Complete online Help, which is updated regularly.

• All other content on Adobe.com, including knowledgebase articles, downloads and updates, Adobe Developer

Connection, and more.

Viewing online Help content

• When you launch Help from within the product, your default web browser (Internet Explorer, Safari, Chrome,

Firefox, etc.) will launch with the product Help content displayed.

• You can then use your browser’s native functionality to search, bookmark, comment, or rate the content.

Accessing Help content

• When you are connected to the Internet and you select help in FrameMaker XML Author, your web browser opens

a Help page on the Adobe website.

• To view FrameMaker XML Author help when you are not connected to the Internet, download the Help PDF of

FrameMaker XML Author on your computer.

For more information on the offline Help, see Offline Help.

Services, downloads, and extras

You can enhance your product by integrating various services, plug-ins, and extensions in your product. You can also download samples and other assets and see various resources to get your work done.

Adobe Exchange

Visit t he Ado b e E xchan ge at www.adobe.com/go/exchange to download samples as well as plug-ins and extensions from Adobe and third-party developers. The plug-ins and extensions can help you automate tasks, customize workflows, create specialized professional effects, and more.

Adobe downloads

Vi si t www.adobe.com/go/downloads to find free updates, trials, and other useful software.

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USING FRAMEMAKER XML AUTHOR 12

Getting Started

Adobe Labs

Adobe Labs at www.adobe.com/go/labs gives you the opportunity to experience and evaluate new and emerging technologies and products from Adobe. At Adobe Labs, you have access to resources such as these:

• Prerelease software and technologies

• Code samples and best practices to accelerate your learning

• Early versions of product and technical documentation

• Forums, wiki-based content, and other collaborative resources to help you interact with like-minded users

Adobe Labs fosters a collaborative software development process. In this environment, customers quickly become productive with new products and technologies. Adobe Labs is also a forum for early feedback. The Adobe development teams use this feedback to create software that meets the needs and expectations of the community.

Adobe forums

To reach out to experts in the Adobe RoboHelp community, visit http://forums.adobe.com/community/framemaker. If you comment on a Help page, the comment is automatically posted on the forum. The experts and other users can respond to your comment.

Adobe TV

Visit Adobe T V at http://tv.adobe.com to view instructional and inspirational videos. The Technical Communications channel features videos relevant for technical communicators. The videos on the FrameMaker XML Author channel help you get started.

FrameMaker Developer Center

Vi si t FrameMaker Developer Center for articles written by internal and external RoboHelp users on various user- requested topics.

Other resources

Online Help also includes a link to the complete, updated PDF version of Help.

Visit the Adobe Support website at www.adobe.com/support to learn about free and paid technical support options.

Visit the following resources to interact with the FrameMaker community.

• Adobe Forums: http://forums.adobe.com/community/framemaker

• Adobe Blogs: http://blogs.adobe.com/

• Adobe TV: http://tv.adobe.com/product/framemaker/

Services, downloads, and extras

You can enhance your product by integrating various services, plug-ins, and extensions in your product. You can also download samples and other assets to Help you get your work done.

Adobe downloads

Vi si t www.adobe.com/go/downloads to find free updates, trials, and other useful software.

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Getting Started

Adobe Labs

• Prerelease software and technologies

• Code samples and best practices to accelerate your learning

• Early versions of product and technical documentation

• Forums, wiki-based content, and other collaborative resources to Help you interact with like-minded users

Adobe TV

Visit the technical communications channel on Adobe TV at http://tv.adobe.com/channel/technical-communication for instructional videos on authoring.

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Chapter 2: About FrameMaker XML Author

FrameMaker XML Author (FMXA) is an XML authoring solution. It is a fully standards-compliant XML editor. In FMXA, you can create XML content based on a standard such as DITA or any custom structure with the easy-touse and familiar FrameMaker interface.

FMXA is provided for content creators who are authoring entirely in XML. FMXA ships with the WYSIWYG view for writers who prefer not to work in the XML environment, However, for content createors comfortable with raw XML authoring, FMXA also includes the XML and code views. FMXA excludes the FrameMaker functionality that is not specific to XML authoring. For this reason, XML authors will work with a lightweight user interface but with all the FrameMaker tools required for XML authoring.

Author

FMXA is targeted at XML authors - content creators who have the need to author in an XML environment but do not require features such as publishing, template creation, and structure app development. Content creators are provided with the full capabilit y to author in any of the FrameMaker views: WYSIWYG, XML or C ode vie w (

view, and WYSIWYG view” on page 33). You can also add equations to your documents “Using the FrameMaker XML Author Equation Pod” on page 91 or “Using the MathFlow editor from Design Science” on page 122.

For a complete list of features, see the FMXA “Feature List” on page 7.

“XML view, Author

Collaborate

Since the features in FMXA are a subset of the complete FrameMaker feature set, users of both these products can work in a collaborative environment.

An XML document created either in FrameMaker or FMXA will work seamlessly in the other environment. This means that the decision to choose one environment over the other depends completely on the needs of the user. If the content creator and subject matter experts in a team do not require full FrameMaker capability, they can choose FMXA and still exchange XML documents with the FrameMaker users. FrameMaker users on the team can be tasked with publishing (such as Multi-channel publishing), creating the structured apps, and managing templates.

FMXA allows for integration with a variety of industry-standard CMS:

1 Ships with a native connector to “Adobe Experience Manager (AEM)” on page 330

2 rovides connectors to: “Documentum® and SharePoint®” on page 337

FMXA also allows you to share and maintain topics and related files using Dropbox. For details, see “Using Dropbox

for review and collaborative writing” on page 261.

For a complete list of features, see the FMXA “Feature List” on page 7.

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USING FRAMEMAKER XML AUTHOR 12

About FrameMaker XML Author

Review

FMXA is targeted at reviewers working in an XML environment. XML authors can create their content in this environment. The content can then be sent to subject matter experts. While PDF is often used as a means for document review, FMXA provides reviewers with the tool to review, comment, and use track changes. to enhance the review process. PDF review, on the other hand can be used for a larger review audience. After completing a PDF review, you can also use the FMXA

For a complete list of features, see the FMXA “Feature List” on page 7.

“Import PDF comments” on page 265 feature.

Feature Overview

From the complete FrameMaker feature set, FMXA takes a large set of features to enable XML authoring. In this regard, it excludes features that are not required by an XML author. For example, FMXA does not include the functionality to create and work with unstructured FrameMaker documents. However, it does include WYSIWYG, Author, and XMLCode views. This allows content creators to perform a large majority of the tasks that they are used to performing in FrameMaker.

While FMXA and FrameMaker are provided as solutions for XML authoring, FrameMaker also supports the FM and MIF formats.

FMXA & FrameMaker

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About FrameMaker XML Author

Feature List

Featur e FMXA FrameMaker

Authoring

Open, edit, save FM and MIF files No YES

Create, edit, save XML files Yes YES

Enter and modify attributes Yes YES

Validate XML content Yes YES

WYSIWYG, Author, and XML Code Views Yes YES

XPath and XSLT support Yes YES

MathML support Yes YES

FrameMaker book files with XML components Yes YES

Read structured applications Yes YES

Filter content based on attributes and conditional tags Yes YES

DITA support

DITA 1.2, and 1.1 support Yes YES

Filter contents based on DITAVal Yes YES

Create and assemble DITA map Yes YES

Create composite document from DITA map No YES

S1000D support Yes YES

DocBook support No YES

Design and format

Design FrameMaker templates No YES

Prepublish setup: page numbering, book update, adding TOC, index etc. No YES

Create templates and conditional tags No YES

Create or edit Master Page No YES

Create structured applications and edit structapps.fm No YES

Create TOC, indexes, and list of references No YES

Designers and catalogs: paragraph, character, table, object No YES

Publishing

Format menu: fonts, characters, paragraphs, page layouts No ** YES

Publish to PDF No YES

Mutlichannel publishing (HTML5, EPUB 3, MOBI, KF8, etc.) No YES

Review and collaboration

Integration with Microsoft Sharepoint Yes YES

Integration with EMC Documentum Yes YES

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USING FRAMEMAKER XML AUTHOR 12

About FrameMaker XML Author

Feature FMXA FrameMaker

Integration with Adobe Experience Manager Yes YES

Integration with Dropbox Yes YES

Integration APIs for other CMS Yes YES

PDF based reviews Yes YES

Miscellaneous

Attribute config file maker No YES

Conversion tables No YES

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Chapter 3: FrameMaker XML Author Basics

User interface

Basics

The Welcome screen

A Welcome screen is displayd each time you open FMXA:

XML Author Welcome screen

From the Welcome screen, you can perform the following tasks:

• Open recent documents

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USING FRAMEMAKER XML AUTHOR 12

FrameMaker XML Author Basics

•

Creating new FrameMaker XML Author documents, books, CMS connections, DITA maps, DITA files, and XML files

• Access FrameMaker XML Author learning resources

• Access support, product updates, and forums

• Restore last session

Workspace overview

A particular arrangement of elements, such as pods that you use frequently while working on documents, is called a workspace. You can dock, stack, minimize, or make these elements free-floating in your workspace. You can select from several preset workspaces or create one of your own. Once you have arranged the panels and pods, you can save the workspace settings for use later.

The FrameMaker XML Author interface has the following components.

• The Application bar across the top contains a workspace switcher, menus, and other application controls.

• The document window displays the file you’re working on. Document windows can be tabbed and, in certain cases,

grouped and docked.

• Pods help you monitor and modify your work. Examples include marker, variables, cross-references pods. You can

minimize, group, stack, or dock pods.

• The status bar shows text formatting and pagination information for the current document.

Icons

FrameMaker XML Author gives you choice of size and color for the icons. Using preferences, you can set up to use any of the following icons for FrameMaker XML Author interface:

• Large colored icons

• Large grayscale icons

• Regular colored icons

• Regular grayscale icons

Note: Large icons’s size is 26x26pixels and regular icons’ size is 18x18pixels.

Icons according to various Interface settings in the Preferences dialog

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FrameMaker XML Author Basics

FrameMaker XML Author 12 icons

Change FrameMaker XML Author icons

You can change FrameMaker XML Author icons between colored\greyscale and large\small.

1 Select Edit > Preferences.

2 In the Preferences dialog, select Interface and choose the preferences for icons.

3 Restart FrameMaker XML Author for the icon preferences to take effect.

Use your own icons

You can also add your own custom icons in FrameMaker XML Author.

1 Locate the toolbar.xml file relevant to your view and mode and open it.

2 Create and place all the icon files in AppData\Roaming\Adobe\FrameMakerXMLAuthor\12\.

3 Locate the Action element relevant to the icon you want to customize. The Action element code looks like the

following:

4 Add the base name of the icon in the base attribute of images element.

5 Create at least 2 icon images for normal and rollover state of the icon.

For example if the icon name is xyz the image names will be xyz_C_S.png and xyz_R_C_S.png. (Here, C= color, S=regular, and R=rollover.) If, however, your icon preferences are set to have large or greyscale icons instead of regular and color, you will use M and L in the icon names.

You can have 8 image files for the following possible combinations of preferences with the base name as xyz:

Preferences Icon names

Size Color Normal Rollover

Large (L) Colored (C) xyz_C_L.png xyz_R_C_L.png

Grayscale (M) xyz_M_L.png xyz_R_M_L.png

Regular (S) Colored (C) xyz_C_S.png xyz_R_C_S.png

Grayscale (M) xyz_M_S.png xyz_R_M_S.png

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FrameMaker XML Author Basics

6 You can further add more icon files for icon states, such as dark_normal and dark_rollover by specifying attributes

with data in the relevant element. For example:

<ACTION command="CenterPara"> <images base="P_TextAlignCenter_Md" dark_normal="<icon_name>.png"  dark_rollover="<icon_name>.png" dark_normal_l="<icon_name>.png" dark_rollover_l="<icon_name>.png" />

Preferences dialog

The preferences dialog (Edit > Preferences) has the following settings:

General preferences

Use these preferences to specify settings, such as:

• Product interface

• File saving, naming, and backup

• Handling of embedded objects

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USING FRAMEMAKER XML AUTHOR 12

FrameMaker XML Author Basics

General preferences A. FrameMaker XMLAuthor interface B. Specify the diagonal size of your monitor C. Select to create a backup file when you save a file for the first-time D. if any, when you open a file in FrameMaker XML Author F. to automatically lock and check-out a file when you download it H. resource links on the bottom of the starter page J. to add a FrameImage facet to bitmap graphics imported by copying L. remember missing font names N.

Specify the number of minutes after which FrameMaker XML Author automatically saves the open file E. Select to display errors,

Text size smaller than the one specified in this field is displayed as XXXX G. Select

Select to check in a file every time you save it I. Select to display learning

Select the type of cross-platform file naming for FrameMaker XML Author to follow K. Select

Select to prevent multiple people from opening the same file M. Select to

Select the file types to be embedded in the PDF

Interface preferences

Use this dialog box to specify whether FrameMaker XML Author should auto-collapse panels to icons or always open documents as tabs.

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E F

IJKL

FrameMaker XML Author Basics

Default interface properties A. Select tool tip appearance type: Normal, Fast, or Hidden B. Switch between dark or light levels of UI brightness C. When disabled, you must click on the panel tab/panel icon to collapse it. When enabled, just click on another panel or in the document to collapse a panel. D. all docked panels permanently E.

Select to make FrameMaker XML Author application icon grayscale F. When you close panels they are hidden

Select to hide

but are still active in memory. Deselect this option to remove panels when you close them. To display them again, choose them from FrameMaker XML Author menus. G. documents as tabbed documents. Deselect to open composite document windows as floating windows. J. place them together, they tend to form tabs in a single document window. Select this option to prevent document tabbing. K. windows display the document name only in the title bar. Deselect to display document name in title bar and tab bar. L.

Select grayscale or colored icons for the interface H. Select large or small sized icons for the interface I. Opens composite

When you drag document windows and

Floating document

Select to open all

documents as tabbed documents. Deselect to open document windows as floating windows.

Alerts

These settings control the display of warnings.

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FrameMaker XML Author Basics

Alerts A. Select to show warnings on actions that clear the history B. Specify if you want the warning to appear once for a history clearing command or every time you run that command C. input alerts, such as missing fonts, on session restore

Select when you want FrameMaker XML Author to display dialogs with alerts D. Select to display non-

Pods

The pod location criteria determine what should be displayed in the pod list area for an instance by way of identifying its location in the document.

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Pods A. Specify the element names. In FMXA, you can only specify elements styles. B. Specify the first element style C. Specify the second element style

Launch

The Launch preferences help you optimize the startup time of FrameMaker XML Author. Using the Launch preferences, you can optimize the loading of the clients, fonts, language providers, and startup scripts according to your requirement.

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Launch preferences A. Load Adobe Fonts On Startup: Deselect this if you do not require Adobe fonts in a session. B. Delay Load Clients: When you select thi s option , none of the clients such MathFlow and PDF import comments are loaded on startup. C. option, only the English language is loaded on startup. D.

Don't Load Startup Scripts: Specify the startup script names in this field that you do

Delay Load Language Provider: When you select this

not want FrameMaker XML Author to load on startup. Use commas to delimit.

Dropbox

The Dropbox preferences, help you set up the Dropbox app to work with FrameMaker XML Author.

The Dropbox preferences A. Dropbox Folder path: Once you have installed Dropbox, the default path is automatically there as an option in the drop-down. B. Delete files from Dropbox after copying locally: When selected, when you select (File > Dropbox > ) Save Locally or Save Locally With Dependencies, the files are deleted from the Dropbox folder on your machine. C.

Create folder structure for dependencies while uploading or downloading: FrameMaker XML Author creates a folder structure in the Dropbox folder for dependencies similar to the one being uploaded, but not when . When this option is selected, FrameMaker XML Author creates a folder structure similar to the

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Documentum®

Use these preferences to set up Documentum® file versioning, specify DFS SDK path, and add custom CMS properties to FrameMaker XML Author for Documentum®.

Documentum® CMS preferences

A. Specify how existing objects are overwritten and saved B. Enter the name of a custom attribute to add C. Select to show hidden objects D.

Select to show private cabinets E. Specify the path to DFS SDK

Sharepoint

Use these preferences to set up Sharepoint file versioning and add custom CMS properties to FrameMaker XML Author for Sharepoint.

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Sharepoint preferences A. Specify how existing objects are overwritten and saved B. Enter the name and type of a custom attribute to add

Dictionary

Use these preferences to specify Proximity or Hunspell dictionaries for Spelling, Hyphenation, and Thesaurus for various languages.

Spelling options

Use these preferences to set up Spelling Checker.

Spelling Options A. Auto Spell check B. Select all that you want spell checker to find C. Select all that you want spell checker to ignore D. Click to get default spelling options

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XML

Use these preferences to set up syntax colors and other display options for XML content in FrameMaker XML Author.

XML preferences A. Select the color preferences for various parts of XML syntax B. Select the font family for displaying the xml tags and content C. Select to display line numbers in the document D.

Select to word wrap

MathML

Use these preferences to set up the MathFlow Editor install path and specify the licence file path. You can also select the Style or Structure editor from this dialog.

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MathML preferences A. Specify the MathFlow editor installation path B. Specify the license file C. Specify the font size of the equations D. Specify the DPI of the image of the equation E & F.

Select from the Style or Structure editors

Tabbed documents

When you open more than one file, the document windows are tabbed. You can open documents as floating windows by clearing the Open Documents As Tabs option in the Interface Preferences dialog box.

Documents appear as tabs in the document view.

However, when you add a generated file, such as a Table Of Content, the generated file appears minimized in the lower left corner of your workspace. There are multiple ways in which you can organize floating and tabbed document windows.

• To dock a document window in a group of document windows, drag the window into the group.

• To rearrange the order of tabbed document windows, drag a window’s tab to a new location in the group.

• To undock a document window from a group of windows, drag the window’s tab out of the group.

Note: When you minimize a floating document window, it covers a part of the FrameMaker XML Author status bar. You cannot move the minimized window to a new location.

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Tips on working with the new interface

Adjust the UI brightness Adjust the UI brightness by using the UI Brightness slider under > Interface.

Combine document windows To consolidate all document windows, floating, minimized, or docked, right-click the

tab bar of the docked document window and select Consolidate All To Here from the menu.

Float document windows Click Arrange Documents icon on the top Application bar and select Float All In Windows.

This arranges all the document windows as cascaded floating panels.

Tile documents Use the Arrange Documents icon to tile document windows vertically or horizonta lly. This is specially

useful for manually comparing documents and layering them side by side.

Bring hidden pods to the front Sometimes while working with floating document windows or when switching

workspaces, the pods may seem difficult to bring to the front.

• Undock the pods by dragging them out using the pod title bar.

• Dock all floating document windows. Right-click the docked tab bar and select Consolidate All To Here or drag and

dock the floating document windows.

Minimize pods to icons Right-click on the pods tab bar and select Collapse To Icons from the menu. This option is

available only if the pods are floating and not docked. To collapse docked pods, click anywhere in the tab bar.

Reopen the pods Choose View > Pods and click any pod name. The entire group of pods open at the bottom of the

workspace.

Reopen a panel Choose Windows and select Panels and select the panel you want to reopen.

Collapse all open panel groups to icons Right-click the tab bar of the panel group and select Collapse To Icons.

Exit the full screen mode Right-click outside the text frame in the document window and select Toggle Screen Mode.

More Help topics

“Keys for screen modes” on page 356

Using Smart catalogs

You can use the Smart catalog as a convenient shortcut to the catalogs available in FrameMaker XML Author. For example, to add a list in a document, use the Smart catalog to quickly search for and select the type of list (dl, li, ol).

To use the Smart catalog

1 Place the cursor at the required location in the document.

For elements and attributes, place the pointer at the element insertion location in the structure view.

2 Press the Smart catalog shortcut key. See, the “Smart catalog shortcut keys” on page 23 defined below.

The Smart catalog dialog displays. The focus of the pointer is now within the text box at the top of the dialog.

3 To search for an item in the current catalog, start typing either the name of the item or the description. As you type,

the list in the dialog is narrowed down.

For example, if you want to insert a list element in a structured document, you can type the name of the list element: ul, ol, or dl. You can, however, also type the description of the element, list, and the dialog list is narrowed down to all the available list items in element catalog.

Note: The list of displayed items in the dialog is limited to 10. If the list exceeds 10, you can use the scrollbar to navigate up and down the list.

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Smart catalog shortcut keys

Shortcut Smart Catalog

Ctrl + 1 Element catalog

Ctrl + 2 Wrap element

Ctrl + 3 Change element

Ctrl + 4 Apply condition

Ctrl + 5 Remove condition

Ctrl + 7 Attributes catalog

To use the Hierarchical Element insert

Make the following configuration changes:

1 Open the maker.ini file location at:

%appdata%\Adobe\FrameMakerXMLAuthor\12

2 Set the following flag to ON:

EnableOldSmartInsert

Customize and manage workspaces

Workspaces in FMXA allow you to set up a custom view of the application with the toolbars, pods, and catalogs displayed and positioned as you want them. For example, you can choose to place the Structure View pod on the right side of the application window and the Elements catalog on the left side. You can choose to only hide all toolbars.

FMXA ships with the Authoring workspace. This is the default workspace for FMXA. However, you can create and manage custom workspaces for your specific requirements.

Save a custom workspace

1 Configure the workspace the way you want it and choose Save Workspace from the workspace switcher on the

Application bar.

2 Type a name for the workspace and click OK.

FrameMaker XML Author remembers the last used workspace across sessions. If you were working in the Review workspace and you close and relaunch FrameMaker XML Author, it loads the custom workspace.

Switch workspaces

❖ Select a workspace from the workspace switcher in the Application bar.

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Use the workspace switcher to switch between workspaces designed for your workflow.

Reset a workspace

By saving the current configuration of panels as a named workspace, you can restore that workspace even if you move or close a panel. The names of saved workspaces appear in the workspace switcher in the Application bar.

❖ Select the Reset Workspace option from the workspace switcher in the Application bar.

Rename a custom workspace

1 Select Manage Workspace from the workspace switcher in the Application bar.

2 Select the workspace and click Rename.

3 Type a new name and click OK twice.

Delete a custom workspace

❖ Select Manage Workspace from the workspace switcher in the Application bar, select the workspace, and then click

Delete.

Interface view options

Display pages more quickly

❖ Do the following:

• Open the document by bypassing the update of imported graphics, cross-references, and text insets. (Opening a

document without updating references makes a document open faster but can slow down the display of individual pages.)

• Turn off the display of graphics by choosing View > Options, deselecting the Graphics option, and clicking Set.

Important: If you deselect the Graphics option and generate a PDF, the graphics do not appear in the PDF.

• Display small text as gray bars by choosing File > Preferences > General, entering a point size in the Greek Screen

Text Smaller box, and clicking Set. Whenever text in your document is in a point size smaller than the size you specified, it appears on the screen as a gray bar.

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Change the preset display units

Some text boxes in dialog boxes require a unit of measurement (such as points or inches) for the value you enter. You can specify the default units for font size and line spacing (font size units) and for other measurements (display units). The default units of measurement appear after the values in the text boxes. If you enter a value without a unit of measurement, FrameMaker XML Author uses the default unit.

• To change the preset units, make the appropriate window is active. Select View > Options. Select the values for

Display Units and Font Units, and then click Set.

• To enter different units in a box, make the appropriate window active. Enter an abbreviation for the unit along with

the numeric value. Use cm for centimeters, mm for millimeters, " or in for inches, pc, pi, or pica for picas, pt or point for points, dd for didots, cc or cicero for ciceros, Q for Q units (refers to font size and line spacing for the

Japanese language only).

FrameMaker XML Author converts the entry to the preset display units when you click a command button in the dialog box. For example, if your document display units are picas and you want to set a paragraph indent of 1 inch, enter 1" in the First Indent box. When you click Apply, the measurement changes to the number of picas that corresponds to 1 inch.

Change the spacing of ruler or grid intervals

1 Make the appropriate document window or book window active. If a book window is active, select the documents

you want to affect.

2 Select View > Options. Select a new setting from the Rulers menu or the Grid menu, and click Set.

Show or hide visual guides

You c an sh ow se v e ra l of t he se v i su al guides in a document window:

• Borders around text frames, graphic frames, and imported objects

• Markers, paragraph returns, and other symbols in running text

• Rulers along the top and left side of the window

You can also show a grid of horizontal and vertical lines for drawing, resizing, and aligning graphics. All visual guides are nonprinting, so you do not need to hide them when you print.

1 Make the appropriate document window or book window active. If a book window is active, select the documents

you want to affect.

2 Do the following:

• To show or hide borders, select View > Borders.

• To show or hide the text symbols, select View > Text Symbols.

• To show or hide the rulers, select View > Rulers.

• To show or hide grid lines, select View > Grid Lines.

• To show the element boundaries, select View > Element Boundaries or Element Boundaries (As Tags) in

Structured FrameMaker XML Author. FrameMaker XML Author automatically toggles these two options.

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Text symbols

Tex t s ymbo l Meaning

End of paragraph

End of flow and end of table cell

Tab

Anchored frame and table anchor

Marker

Forced return

Manual equation alignment point

Nonbreaking space

Discretionary hyphen

Suppress hyphenation

Display a subset of menu commands

You can display a subset of menu commands called quick menus. The quick menus do not have commands for formatting text, editing some aspects of graphics, and inserting some objects such as markers and variables.

If you do not see the full set of menu commands, the quick menus is probably displayed.

Note: If you’re using a structured document, your application developer can change the commands available in the complete menus.

• To display quick menus, select View > Menus > Quick.

• To restore the complete menu, select View > Menus > Complete.

• To customize menus, add, move, or remove menus and commands as described in the online manual Customizing

FrameMaker on the Adobe website

www.adobe.com/go/lr_FrameMaker_support_en.

Display a high-contrast workspace

FrameMaker XML Author uses system colors to draw window backgrounds, text, and other graphics. Users who have trouble discerning colors or variations in contrast, or who have low visual acuity, can set high-contrast color schemes and custom text and background colors. This setting makes the information in the user interface easier to view.

1 Open the Windows Control Panel, double-click Accessibility Options, and select the Display tab.

2 Change contrast globally or change the color theme, as follows:

• To change the appearance of all operating system windows at once, select the Use High Contrast option.

• To change the color theme, click Settings and select one of the High Contrast Appearance Scheme options.

Note: FrameMaker XML Author does not adjust colors of all items. Some of these include the background color, and the fill color of graphic objects.

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Use status bar controls

The FrameMaker XML Author status bar provides all the navigational controls, pagination information, and zoom controls.

Navigational controls on the status bar A. First page B. Previous C. Go to page number D. Next E. Last page F. Go to line number G. Go to insertion point H. Zoom controls

Zoom in and out

• To magnify or decrease magnification, text, and objects, click the + (Increase Zoom) or - (Decrease Zoom) buttons

on the status bar. FrameMaker XML Author zooms in or out on the area of the page containing the insertion point or selection. If the document doesn’t contain an insertion point or a selection, FrameMaker XML Author zooms in on the center of the page.

• To display text and objects at a particular magnification, select a percentage from the Zoom pop-up menu.

• To display the entire page in the current window, select Fit Page In Window from the Zoom pop-up menu.

• To fit the page or text frame to the window, select Fit Window To Page or Fit Window To Text Frame from the Zoom

pop-up menu. If the view options are set to display facing pages, the window is resized to accommodate two pages side by side.

• To change the available zoom settings, click Set from the Zoom pop-up menu, select the percentage you want to

change and enter the new percentage. Enter any percentage from 25% to 1600%. Click Set. To return to the default percentages, click Get Defaults.

• To make 100% zoom match the page size, select File > Preferences > General. For Monitor Size, specify the diagonal

size of your monitor, and then click OK. If screen-to-paper fidelity is not critical, leave Monitor Size set to Default, which ensures cross-application compatibility.

Note: You can customize the default zoom settings. For information, see the online manual Customizing FrameMaker on the Adobe website

www.adobe.com/go/lr_FrameMaker_support_en.

Turn pages and set scrolling

You can page through a document window using controls in the status bar.

You can also define how FrameMaker XML Author displays pages when you scroll up and down, left and right, or two pages at a time.

If the doc ument you are p aging through is p art of an open bo ok, Frame Make r XML Author someti mes displays an aler t message prompting you to choose to open the next or previous document in the book. For example, if you click Previous Page on the first page of a document, clicking Yes in the alert message box opens the previous document in the book. The last page of that document appears.

1 Make the appropriate document window or book window active. If a book window is active, select the documents

you want to affect.

2 Choose View > Options.

3 Choose one of the following options from the Page Scrolling pop-up menu:

• To display pages from top to bottom (for example, page 2 below page 1), choose Vertical.

• To display pages from left to right (for example, page 2 to the right of page 1), choose Horizontal.

• To display pages two at a time, side by side, choose Facing Pages.

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• To display as many pages as will fit in the window from left to right, choose Variable.

4 Click Set.

Go to another page

❖ Do one of the following:

• To go to the next page, click the Next Page button.

• To go to the previous page, click the Previous Page button.

• To go to the first page in the document, click the First Page button.

• To go to the last page in the document, click the Last Page button.

• To go to a specific page, click in the Page Number area and specify the page number you want to display.

• To go to a specific line number, click in the Line Number area and specify the line number you want to display.

• To go to the page containing the insertion point, click the Insertion Point button.

• To move quickly through the pages, scroll vertically.

In case of structured documents, click or select in the Structure View to display the corresponding page in the document window. This is often the quickest way to go to the page you want.

Using toolbar shortcuts

You can access all commonly used commands from the following toolbars. You can display a toolbar from the View > Toolbars m e nu.

Graphics Toolbar Provides shortcuts for graphic creation and edits.

Quick Access Bar Provides commands for opening and saving documents, editing text, graphics, and tables.

Object Alignment Provides commands to change sequence, alignment, and orientation of objects.

Object Properties Provides commands to group objects, change layer order, reshape, scale, and snap objects.

Track Text Edits Provides commands for tracking, accepting, and rejecting text edits.

Quick Element Provides commands inserting and wrapping common structured document elements.

You also have keyboard shortcuts for all commands accessible through the toolbars and menus. For a list of all the keyboard shortcuts see

“Keyboard Shortcuts” on page 354.

More Help topics

“Keyboard Shortcuts” on page 354

Using pods

About pods

These frequently used dialog boxes have an interface designed to simplify your work:

• Conditional Tags pod

• Cross-references pod

• Marker pod

• Insets pod

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• Variables p o d

• Reference pods

• Hotspots pod

• Currently Opened Files pod

A C

Explaining the pod interface A. Select document B. Pod-specific toolbar buttons C. Search pod entries - as you type, FrameMaker XML Author searches through all the columns for matches and keeps displaying them D. include location. You can customize the location using Pods Location Criteria dialog box.

Arrow on column headers indicates sort order E. Pod list area. F. Details of each instance

Close pods and tab groups

Pods have a button on the right side of the title bar you can click to close a pod or a tab group (group of pods).

Close pods and tab groups

• Close: Closes just the pod in focus (Marker).

• Close Tab Group: Closes all the pods in the tab group.

Also, by double-clicking in the title of a pod, you can minimize or maximize that pod as well as the whole tab group it is a part of.

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About the pod list area

The Select pop-up displays a list of all open documents and DITA maps. If you select All Open Docs, the pod list area displays all the variables from all the open documents. If you select a specific open document, the pod list area displays variables from the selected document even when you switch to other open documents. The pod list area continues to display the list of instances from the selected document.

If you select the Current option, the pod list area displays the list of instances from the selected document. The list area refreshes when you switch between open documents. However, when you switch between pods, you may need to click the Refresh button.

If you select an open document

• Single-click an instance in the pod to display the corresponding instance in the document. For example, if you select

an image instance from the Insets pod, the corresponding image is also selected in the document view.

• Double-click an instance to do the following for each pod:

Conditional Tags pod Displays the Add/Edit Condition Tag panel for the selected condition.

Cross-references pod Displays the Cross-Reference panel for editing the selected cross-reference.

Markers pod Displays the Marker panel so that you can edit the selected marker definition.

Fonts pod Displays the Replace Font panel for selecting a replacement font.

Insets pod Displays the Object Properties panel for the selected inset.

Variables pod Adds the selected variable at the insertion point in the current document.

Reference pod Displays the results of the search for locations where a particular element is referenced. This pod is

only relevant for DITA documents.

• Click a column name to sort the data in the list area in ascending or descending order.

Setting pod location criteria

The pod location criteria determine what should be displayed in the pod list area for an instance by way of identifying its location in the document.

Pod location criteria A. In structured interface, you can specify either the paragraph styles or the element names. B. Specify the first paragraph style. C. Specify the second paragraph style.

1 Choose .

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2 Select Panels and Pods.

3 Select Element Name if you want the pod to display the element names in which the instance is located.

4 Specify valid element names and click OK.

The Markers pod displays the setting for marker location A. Marker i s selecte d in the do cument view B. Paragraph styles that you specify in Pod Location Criteria C. Markers pod displays the first head3 title and head2 title in which the marker occurs.

Document window overview

The first time that you launch FrameMaker XML Author, it prompts you to select the product interface. Subsequently, it opens with the last used interface.

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Contents and structure information

More Help topics

“About elements” on page 58

Document window

A document window appears when you open an XML document. The window shows the document text formatted, with graphics and other items in place, and everything laid out in a page design. If more than one document is open, a document window appears for each one.

Structure View window

The Structure View window displays the underlying XML structure. The view uses bubbles to represent elements and their relationship to one another. It also identifies errors in the document structure. In Structure View, you can insert, select, expand, collapse, move, merge, or split elements. When you work with structured documents, you’ll use the document window and the Structure View together. These windows help you organize elements in a valid structure.

Both windows are editable, and anything you do in one is mirrored in the other. You can have the two views open side by side, to keep track of both contents and structure. If you click or select in one view, an insertion point or selection appears at the equivalent place in the other view. Any editing you do in one is reflected in the other. It’s easier to make your changes in Structure View, where you can drag-and-drop bubbles to rearrange elements or select bubbles to edit them in other ways.

❖ To display, c h o o se S t r uc t u r e To o l s > Str u c ture Vi e w.

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Elements catalog

The Elements catalog lists the elements you can use at the current location and provides commands for adding and editing elements. It also displays other information about the current location, such as whether you can type text there. The information in the Elements catalog comes from content rules in the definition for the current element.

The catalog is preset to show only the elements that are valid at the current location, though you can have it display more elements if you want greater flexibility. The catalog is empty if the document has no element definitions or if no more elements are required at the current location.

❖ To display, click the Element Catalog button at the upper-right corner in the document window.

The Element Catalog uses the following symbols to identify whether an element is valid:

Heavy check mark The element is valid at the current location. If you insert the element, the current (parent) element

will be correct and complete up to this location.

Plus sign (+) The element is an inclusion (SGML only) in the current element and is valid at the current location. The

plus sign always appears next to a heavy check mark. Inclusions are valid only in SGML documents, so this sign does not appear in XML documents.

Although inclusions are as valid as elements identified with just a heavy check mark, you might find it helpful to list inclusions separately. If a document has many inclusions, it can be difficult to find other valid elements in the catalog.

Question mark (?) The element is a possible replacement for the element right after the insertion point or for the

selected elements. It is valid at the current location, but will make child elements after it invalid. If you insert an element with a question mark, the current (parent) element will be complete and correct up to this location, but you’ll have to correct errors after the new element.

Light check mark The element is valid later in the current element. If you insert one of these elements, the current

(parent) element will be correct but incomplete up to this location. You’ll have to go back and fill in missing child elements.

No symbol If an element in the catalog has no symbol, it is not valid at the current location or later in the current

element. It may be valid earlier in the current element or outside the element.

The Element Catalog may also include the following indicators to provide other information about the current location:

<TEXT> You can type text at this point.

<UNDEFINED> The current element does not have a definition in the document. The element was probably pasted

from a document with different element definitions. (This does not appear when the catalog is set to display all elements.)

<INVALID> The contents of the current element are invalid. (This does not appear when the catalog is set to display all

elements.)

You can use buttons in the Element Catalog to insert an empty element, wrap an element around contents, and change the type of an existing element.

XML view, Author view, and WYSIWYG view

FrameMaker XML Author has three views that help you author your content:

• XML view allows you to work with the plain XML code of your structured FrameMaker XML Author XML files.

• Author view simplifies structured authoring by keeping out features not relevant for XML authors, such as page

numbers.

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XML view

The XML view allows you to work with the plain XML code of your structured XML files. In the XML view, you can expand /collapse elements.

XML View A. Collapsed elements in the XML view B. Errors console C. Tree view

FrameMaker XML Author indents the child elements by one tab space compared to their parent elements. Word wrap keeps the content of the elements visible in the width of the window. The XML view supports Unicode. You can edit multilingual content in the XML view. You can also copy/paste content from clipboard.

When you edit/change references such as conrefs, links, and cross references in XML Code View, FrameMaker XML Author updates them in the WSIWYG View also. XML view automatically validates the XML content with the DTD and helps you ensure that the content is well formed at all times. While you are working in the XML view, FrameMaker XML Author automatically inserts attribute values and close tags for the tags you insert in the file.

A Find/Change dialog in the XML view helps you search through the XML code. You can also use regular expressions such as with ampersand and pipeline to search through text. XML code view also has support for XPath. You can build and use XPath expressions to locate XML content. For more information on XPath, see XPath.

The following features can be accessed using the Code view only:

• “XPath” on page 292

Errors console

The Errors console in the XML view describes the errors, if any, in the open XML files. The error console also displays the filename of the error. To go to the file and location of the error, click an error row.

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Display error pod

• To display the Error Pod, select View > Pod > Errors.

Tree v iew

XML View provides a tree-like outline that allows you to navigate and view the structure of your XML document. The Up and Down arrow keys let you move up and down in the tree view. Left and Right arrow keys respectively allow you to collapse and expand the elements.

Display tree view

• To display the tree view, select View > Outline.

Author view

The Author view provides a WYSIWYM (What You See Is What You Mean) view of your XML documents.

The Author view includes the visual tools for structured authoring, such as the element tags, Structure View, Element Catalog, Attributes editor.

Using XML Author View, you can concentrate on the structure and content of the document rather than the appearance.

WYSIWYG view

WYSIWYG is the classic FrameMaker XML Author view, which supports structured authoring. The WYSIWYG view has all the features of FrameMaker XML Author.

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WYSIWYG view

Switch between the views

You can switch between the three views by clicking the relevant icon in the Application bar.

ABC

Icons of the three views in the Application bar A. XML view B. Author view C. WYSIWYG view

Working with the Structure View

Expand or collapse structure

In the Structure View, you can expand or collapse elements, showing or hiding a detailed outline of your document. (When elements are expanded or collapsed in Structure View, text in the document window does not change.)

An element is sometimes defined to have attributes, which provide supplemental information about the element. You can also expand and collapse the attributes associated with an element.

Collapse elements to get a higher-level look at the document structure. Collapsed elements are also easier to move around. It’s especially helpful to collapse long lists of items and procedures with many steps.

• To expand or collapse elements, click the plus (+) or minus (-) symbol on the left side of element bubbles.

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• To expand or collapse attributes, click the plus (+) or minus (-) symbol on the right side of element bubbles.

• To expand or collapse all child elements or attributes, hold down Shift while you click a plus or minus sign.

View element boundaries in the document window

Element boundaries shown in the document window mark the beginning and end of each element. Working with visible boundaries helps you see how the document content is divided into elements. Viewing the boundaries also makes it easier to place an insertion point properly or to make the right selection.

For most elements, the boundaries appear as opening and closing brackets ( [ ] ) or as two boxes with an element tag. For some elements (graphics, footnotes, markers, tables, and equations), the element location is marked only by one box with a tag.

When elements are inside other elements, their brackets or tags nest to show the hierarchy.

• To surround each element with brackets, choose View > Element Boundaries.

• To surround each element with a text label, choose View > Element Boundaries (As Tags).

• If the book window is active, select View > Show Element Boundaries or View > Hide Element Boundaries.

• To hide element boundaries, choose View > Hide Element Boundaries or Element Boundaries (As Tags)

Note: The bracket s and tag s that mark ele ment b oundari es are charac ter s that both pri nt and oc cupy d ocume nt spa ce. Hide them before printing to suppress them in print output. Also hide them to see the document layout unaltered by element boundaries.

Expand and collapse elements in document window

If you are viewing element boundaries as tags in the document window, you can perform the following operations:

• Collapse all elements, even in the document view.

• Collapse a parent element to hide the child elements, without collapsing them.

• Collapse child elements, when collapsing the parent element.

• Collapse all elements to the same level, when collapsing an element.

• Select the element, by clicking the element tag.

• Toggle the collapsed state of an element, by double-clicking the element tag.

• View expanded element structure, when any operation (for example, Find/Change) results in a selection, within a

collapsed element structure.

• Have the document view and structure view synchronized with respect to the collapsed state of the elements.

Show and hide attributes for new elements

You can show or hide attributes for new elements in Structure View. The view can display all the attributes in the flow, none of the attributes, or only required attributes or attributes that have a value. This setting applies to new elements as you enter them.

1 Make the appropriate document window or book window active. If a book window is active, select the documents

you want to affect.

2 Select View > Attribute Display Options, choose the display option you want, and click Set.

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Change the scope of elements available in a structured document

When adding elements to a structured document, insert only elements that are valid at the current location. (Valid elements have heavy check marks, heavy check marks and a plus sign, and question marks in the Element Catalog.) If you add elements this way, you can work from the beginning of a document to the end and be sure that its structure is valid at every point along the way.

Sometimes you want to work more loosely, and in these cases you can make more elements available. For example, some draft documents must adhere strictly to a predefined structure but follow the structure only as a guideline. Or, you can plan your document to conform to a structure without having all the information to complete it from start to finish.

When more elements are available, the additional elements appear in the Element Catalog and are available if you insert elements from the keyboard. You can also list inclusions after other valid elements in the catalog.

1 Make the appropriate document window or book window active. If a book window is active, select the documents

you want to affect.

2 Select Element > Set Available Elements. You can also click Options in the Element Catalog.

3 Select one of the following options in the Show Tags For area:

• To show only elements that are valid for the current location, select Valid Elements For Working Start To Finish.

Use this option if you plan to go through a document from start to finish and fill in the elements in their correct order and hierarchy.

• To show elements that are valid for the current location or later in the current element, select Valid Elements For

Working In Any Order. Use this setting if you plan to build a valid document but not necessarily by working from start to finish. This is helpful if you don’t have all the information you need.

• To show elements allowed anywhere in the current element, select Elements Allowed Anywhere In Parent. Use

this setting if you want more flexibility for filling in elements. You can insert elements that are invalid and correct the errors later.

• To show all elements defined for the document, select All Elements. Use this setting if you’re not building a valid

document, if you want flexibility and will correct errors later, if you’re wrapping elements around contents, or if you want to see what’s available elsewhere in the document.

• To show a set of elements that you specify, select Customized List. Use this setting to work with a subset of the

elements, to display elements in a fixed order, or to work with a list that is static instead of context sensitive.

4 If you selected Customized List, click Edit and create or change a list of elements.

To move element tags between the Show and Don’t Show lists, use the arrow buttons or double-click the element tags. Transfer all of the elements from one list to another by holding down Shift as you click an arrow button. Click the Move Up and Move Down buttons to arrange the elements in the Show list in the order you want them to appear in the Element Catalog. Click Set when the list is the way you want it.

Note: A cu stomiz ed list of tags is always the same regardl ess of t he locati on of the insertion point, s o be careful to include all the tags you need. The only indication of validity is a check mark next to a tag.

5 To list inclusions separately in the Element Catalog, turn on List After Other Valid Elements.

This groups the inclusions right after the other valid elements. Use this setting if you have a large number of inclusions that you rarely need.

6 Click Set.

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Accessibility features in FrameMaker XML Author

The FrameMaker XML Author software provides a number of features that improve access for visually impaired users. In particular, it:

• Provides support for high-contrast viewing for users with low visual acuity.

• Supports assistive technology, such as screen reader software for the Windows® platform.

Screen readers let visually impaired users interact with the computer by interpreting what is happening on the screen and sending that information to speech-synthesis devices. The screen reader will follow the logical structure of the document. Screen readers can read FrameMaker XML Author documents viewed in FrameMaker XML Author, or tagged PDF documents viewed in Adobe Acrobat® or Adobe Reader®. Refer to your screen reader documentation for information on installation and use with documents viewed in FrameMaker XML Author or Acrobat.

For more information on accessibility in Adobe Acrobat and Adobe PDF documents, see the Acrobat online Help and the Adobe website.

Launch the soft keyboard

1 From the Start menu, select Programs > Accessories > Accessibility > On-Screen Keyboard.

2 Click OK. You can then start using the onscreen keyboard.

More Help topics

“Display a high-contrast workspace” on page 26

Opening, saving, and closing documents

Open a document

In FMXA, you can open XML and text files.

Open a file

1 Select File > Open.

2 Locate the document and click Open.

Opening a document usually updates graphics imported by reference, text insets, cross-references, and system variables (if any exist). Recently opened files are listed at the bottom of the File menu.

Messages alerting you to possible issues with the file sometimes appear. You can click OK and resolve the problems later.

Open a text file

Text-only files do not contain graphics or formatting information. When you open a text-only file, you are asked to confirm that it is a text file.

1 Select File > Open, and open a .txt file. The Unknown File Type dialog box appears.

2 Select the Text option.

3 Click Convert.

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4 Select one of the following options:

• To break the text into paragraphs only at blank lines, select Merge Lines Into Paragraphs. Use this option for a

paragraph-oriented text file, such as a file containing document text.

• To break the text into paragraphs at the end of each line, select Treat Each Line As A Paragraph. Use this option

for a line-oriented text file, such as a file containing computer code.

• To convert the text into a table, select the Convert Text To Table. Use this option if the content of your source file

is tabulated.

Select additional options in the Convert To Table dialog box, such as number of columns, cell separators, and heading rows, to obtain the data in the appropriate tabular form.

5 Select the desired Encoding scheme. By default, the ANSI (Windows) encoding scheme is selected.

6 Click Read. The text appears in a document that is created from a special template. You can customize the template

so that documents created from text files are formatted differently.

Open a document without updating references

A d ocument o pen s more sl owly i f it co ntains m any cros s-ref erenc es to o the r fi les , large impo rte d gr aphic s, o r many te xt insets. You can open a document faster by bypassing the update of imported graphics, cross-references, and text insets. However, if you use this method to open documents, keep in mind that FrameMaker XML Author does not warn you about missing items or unresolved cross-references. For this reason, it is best to occasionally open a document in the usual way.

1 Choose File > Open, and select the file you want to open.

2 Control-click Open.

After the file is open, FrameMaker XML Author imports and displays graphics as needed on a page-by-page basis. You can manually update cross-references and text insets by using Edit > Update References. If the page display is too slow, reopen the document in the usual way.

In the case of .xml files, control-clicking the Open button opens them as text files. You are prompted to specify the text reading options in the Reading Text File dialog box. Opening these files as text lets you view or edit the markup.

Markup in an SGML file

Troubleshooting unavailable fonts

You sometimes get an alert message that indicates the document you are opening uses unavailable fonts. Fonts can become unavailable for a few reasons:

• The document was edited on a different system using fonts that are not installed on your system.

• A font is removed or has become damaged.

• The default printer for your system has changed.

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If the Remember Missing Font Names option in the Preferences dialog box is selected, FrameMaker XML Author preserves the names of unavailable fonts. Selecting this option causes the original fonts to reappear when you open the document on a computer that has the fonts installed, even if you save the document with substitute fonts.

To fix the problem of missing fonts, consider the following options:

Check for damaged fonts Determine whether the fonts that are unavailable in FrameMaker XML Author are installed

on your system and available in another application. If another application can use fonts that FrameMaker XML Author cannot use, the fonts may be damaged. Reinstall them using the original media. For more information on troubleshooting font problems, isolating damaged fonts or a damaged fonts folder, or reinstalling PostScript fonts, see the Adobe website.

Remap unavailable fonts If you cannot install or reinstall the unavailable fonts, you may want to permanently remap

the unavailable fonts to available fonts, so that the alert message does not appear when you open the document. You do this by deselecting the Remember Missing Font Names option in the Preferences dialog box before you open the file. However, be aware that doing this causes you to lose the original font information referenced in the document.

Obtain and install the missing fonts For example, if you and a co-worker are editing the same documents, and you

would like to use the same fonts as your co-worker, consider purchasing and installing copies of the fonts.

Add metadata to a document

FrameMaker XML Author includes built-in support for Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP). Metadata, or file information, is descriptive information that can be searched and processed by a computer. Use it to provide information about the contents of a document, and to preserve information about a document that will be opened in other Adobe applications. If you export the file to PDF, much of this metadata will appear in Acrobat.

Metadata tags travel with the document and describe its content. By embedding them in your documents, you make the documents easier to track, manage, and retrieve.

Note: Metadata in a book file sometimes overrides metadata in a document file. If your document is part of a book file, open the book file and select the document before you add metadata.

1 Make the appropriate document window or book window active. If a book window is active, select the documents

you want to affect.

2 Choose File > File Info.

3 Enter the desired information in the box next to any or all categories.

4 For Marked, choose Yes if the document is copyrighted, or No if the document is explicitly in the public domain.

Choose Unknown if you’re not sure.

5 Click Set.

Save documents

You can save a document using its current name and location, or save a copy of the document using a different name or location. You can save a document in several formats, including Extensible Markup Language (XML), and Portable Document Format (PDF).

When a document or a book has unsaved changes, an asterisk (*) appears in the Page Status area of the status bar.

An asterisk indicates unsaved changes.

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Save a document

1 Do one of the following:

• To save changes in the current file, choose File > Save.

• To save the file in a different folder or with a different filename, choose File > Save As.

2 If you choose the Save As command, or if the file has never been saved, specify the new filename and location. If you

want to save the file in a different format, choose the format from the pop-up menu.

3 Click Save. If you choose Text Only format, specify how to treat the text and tables in the document.

Save a book

1 Do one of the following:

• To overwrite the current version on the disk, choose File > Save Book.

• To save the file in a different folder or using a different name, choose File > Save Book As.

2 If you choose the Save Book As command, or if the file has never been saved, specify the new filename and location.

Save all open documents

❖ Hold down Shift and choose File > Save All Open Files.

Return to the saved version of your document

❖ Choose File > Revert To Saved and click OK.

File formats you can save in

You can use the Save As command to save a file in the following formats:

PDF Creates a Portable Document For mat (PDF) f ile that can be viewed in Adobe Acrobat® and other applications that

support PDF files.

XML Creates an XML document that can be used for data exchange and viewed on the World Wide Web.

Filename extensions for saved files

When you save a file for the first time in Windows, FrameMaker XML Author automatically adds these extensions: ..xml for documents and books. With these extensions, the files are recognized as FrameMaker XML Author files by the Windows operating system.

If you don’t want these special extensions added to the filenames you assign, enclose the filenames in double quotation marks. Windows doesn’t recognize a file without one of these extensions as a FrameMaker XML Author file, but you can still open the file in FrameMaker XML Author.

If you assign an extension that’s registered by another application, such as .doc, the extension is not replaced by the FrameMaker XML Author extension and you can still open the file in FrameMaker XML Author.

Back up and save automatically

FrameMaker XML Author can back up and save your work automatically.

1 Choose .

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2 In General preferences, do the following:

• To create a backup file every time you save, select Automatic Backup On Save. This option creates a copy of the

file before your latest changes are saved. If a backup file exists, the new backup file overwrites it. (The filenames of backup files contain .backup.)

• To cre ate an autos ave file at regular intervals, select Automatic Save and enter an inter val (in minutes) in the box.

This causes a copy of the file to be saved periodically without your having to choose File > Save. (The filenames of autosave files contain .auto.) When you save manually or revert to the last saved version with the Revert To Saved command, the autosave file is deleted.

3 Click OK.

Currently opened files pod

FrameMaker XML Author prompts you to review and save the open files when you try to exit FrameMaker XML Author. When you try to exit FrameMaker XML Author, FrameMaker XML Author displays the Currently Opened Files pod using which you can:

1 Review and save files with unsaved changes

2 Search for a file with a specific name or files saved in a particular folder

3 Navigate across different files

4 Review the path of the various open files

5 Close specific files after saving or without saving

The Currently Opened Files pod A. B. Refresh C. Search - As you type, the pod matches the search criteria with entries in all the columns D. Clear search criteria E. The checkbox to select all the currently opened files F. save the selected files and close them I. Files dialog appears

The checkboxes to select the currently opened files G. Click to save files and keep them open H. Click to

Click to close the selected files - if there are unsaved changes in the files you are trying to close, the Save

Even while working on FrameMaker XML Author, you can display a list of currently opened files, review the unsaved files, and save the ones you want to.

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Save files on exit or while closing files

FrameMaker XML Author displays the Save Files dialog when you attempt any of the following:

• Exit FrameMaker XML Author by

• Clicking the Close button

• Selecting File > Exit

• Right clicking in the Status Bar and selecting Close all windows

• Using Alt+F4 on t he keyboard

• Select Shift+File and select one of the following options

• Close All Open Files

• Close All Files in Book

• Close All Files in Ditamap

• Try to close files without saving in the Currently Opened Files pod

The Save Files dialog

In the Save Files dialog, you can review and save unsaved changes files. You can also discard the changes by deselecting the files and clicking OK.

Save and close currently opened files

You can see a list of currently open documents in the Currently Opened Files pod. Using the Currently Opened Files pod, you can select the files and changes to save and discard.

Save

1 Do one of the following:

• Select File > Currently Opened Files.

• Select View > Pods > Currently Opened Files.

FrameMaker XML Author displays the Currently Opened Files pod. Unsaved files and files with unsaved changes ar e in dica ted with aste ris k (*) . To l ocat e fi le s in a lon g li st, t ype i n the Sear ch b ox. F ram eMa ker X ML Aut hor mat ches the text in the name of the file as well as the path.

2 Select the files to be saved and do one of the following:

• Click Save.

FrameMaker XML Author saves the selected files. FrameMaker XML Author prompts you to specify the name and path of the files that are not saved to the disk yet.

• Click Save and Close.

FrameMaker XML Author saves and closes the selected files.

• Close Files.

FrameMaker XML Author closes the selected files. If you choose to close any files with unsaved changes, the List Of All Open Files dialog appears.

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Restore last session

FrameMaker XML Author allows you to restore the last session you were working on when you last exited FrameMaker XML Author or it crashed. In case of a crash, when you launch FrameMaker XML Author again, FrameMaker XML Author displays an alert where you can choose whether or not to restore the last session. By restoring the last session, you can reinstate the following as you were working on them in the last session:

• View: XML Code, WYSIWYG, or Author

• Wo rk s p ac e

• The document in focus

• The files open in the last session (Except the files open through the CMS connector in the last session)

• Page numbers in focus for different documents

• The scrollspace for the master, body and reference pages

• Tab order of the documents

• Palettes (such as Equation, Templates, and Thesaurus browser)

• stuctapps.fm file: The last read structapps.fm file (On restore, the last read structapps.fm file is read again)

Conditions to restore last session

If all the following conditions are met, you can restore FrameMaker XML Author’s last session:

1 There were files open when you exited FrameMaker XML Author or it crashed. In other words, there is something

to restore in the last session. If you exit files FrameMaker XML Author after manually closing the files, there is nothing to restore.

2 There are no open files when you try to restore the last session

To restore the last session

To restore FrameMaker XML Author’s last session, launch FrameMaker XML Author and do one of the following:

• Click Restore Last Session on the starter screen.

• Select File > Restore Last Session.

• Use the keyboard shortcut Esc r s.

• In case FrameMaker XML Author crashes, when you relaunch FrameMaker XML Author, FrameMaker XML

Author displays an alert message where you can click Yes to restore the last session.

FrameMaker XML Author restores the last session. If there are some files that could not be restored, FrameMaker XML Author displays an error message and lists the files in the in the console.

Preferences for alerts on restore

In the preferences dialog, you can select whether or not to display the alerts, such as missing fonts and unresolved cross references, on session restore. The alerts that require user action, such as missing graphics, appear even when you have disabled the alerts.

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Chapter 4: Variables, line numbers, and

document creation

Variables

About variables

You can include text that frequently changes and appears often in your document as variables. Variables are also useful for providing information that is updated automatically, such as the current date. In FMXA, you have system variables and user variables. System variables are maintained by FMXA, such as current date or filename. User variables are variables that you define in FMXA, such as company name or product name.

System variables

Each system variable has a name and a definition. Although you cannot rename system variables, you can edit their definitions. A system variable definition can contain the following items:

• Building blocks for system information, such as the month, day, year, and filename

• Text characters, such as the comma and the spaces that appear in the date May 1, 2012

• Building blocks for character format changes

For example, the Table Sheet variable that appears in a table title as (Sheet 3 of 5) has the following definition.

A. Text yo u ty pe B. Building blocks

You can change the definition—the way the information is displayed—by adding, removing, or rearranging building blocks and by editing the text in the definition. For example, you can change the format used to display the current date.

If you place a system variable on a body, the value is updated only when you open or print the file.

You can also manually update the value of the variable when the file is open. Access the Variables pod and click Update.

Note: Variables and variable names support the Unicode text encoding standard.

Default values for system variables

System variable Default definition (US English version) Example of display

Current Page # <$curpagenum> 3

Page Count <$lastpagenum> 18

Current Date (Long) <$monthname> <$daynum>, <$year> October 11, 2012

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System variable Default definition (US English version) Example of display

Current Date (Short) <$monthnum>/<$daynum>/<$shortyear> 10/11/12

Modification Date (Long) <$monthname> <$daynum>, <$year>,

<$hour>:<$minute00> <$ampm>

Modification Date (Short) <$monthnum>/<$daynum>/<$shortyear> 9/24/11

Creation Date (Long) <$monthname> <$daynum>, <$year> July 1, 2012

Creation Date (Short) <$monthnum>/<$daynum>/<$shortyear> 7/1/12

Filename (Long) <$fullfilename> c:\Memos\Staffing.fm

Filename (Short) <$filename> Staffing.fm

Table Continuat ion (Continued) (Continued)

Table Sheet (Sheet <$tblsheetnum> of <$tblsheetcount>) (Sheet 1 of 2)

Volume Number <$volnum> 3

Chapter Number <$chapnum> 3

Section Number <$sectionnum> 3

Sub Section Number <$subsectionnum> 3

September 24, 2011, 10:48 am

You can use the <$chaptertitlename> variable to propagate the folder name in the template associated with the folder.

More Help topics

“Add a folder” on page 201

User variables

Each user variable has a name and a definition. A definition includes text and optional building blocks for the character format of the text. For example, suppose you define a variable as follows:

<BookTitleFormat>The Earth Sciences

If the BookTitleFormat character format is defined as italics, this variable appears on the page as The Earth Sciences.

You can change the definition of any user variable, for example, when the book title changes. When you change the definition, all occurrences of the variable in your document are updated to use the new definition.

The standard templates don’t provide any user variables. If you’re using one of these templates, create your own user variables. If you’re using a template created at your site, perhaps it already includes some user variables.

Valid variables in structured documents

You can add a system variable to a structured flow, with or without a special variable element. You do not use special variable elements for user variables but insert them directly in elements defined for text.

Variables in FMXA are exported as entities, and usually the entity name is the same as the variable name. However, if you create a variable whose name is not a valid XML or SGML name, the entity name is not the same as the variable name.

Here are some examples of invalid names:

• A name with multibyte (Asian-language) characters.

• A name that includes anything other than alphanumeric characters, hyphens, or periods.

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• A name containing more characters than the number specified by the value of NAMELEN in the XML or SGML

declarations for the particular application.

Working with variables

Variables pod

You can use the Variables pod to insert, edit, or delete system and user variables.

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A. Select the file B. Insert a variable in your document C. Create a new user variable D. Edit a variable definition E. Delete a user variable F.

Convert a variable to text G. Update all system variables H. Refresh th e pod data I. Search for a variable J. System variables K. User v ariab les

Variable format M. Document in which the variable exists

More Help topics

“Using po ds” on page 28

Insert a variable

You can insert most system variables on a body, reference, or master page.

1 Access the Variables pod from View > Pods > Variables.

2 Click to place the insertion point where you want the variable to appear in the document.

3 Double-click a variable from the Variables pod to insert it in your document. Alternatively, click the Insert icon on

the pod toolbar.

The Variables pod contains the variables allowed at the insertion point in the document. For example, if the insertion point is in a text frame on a body page, the scroll list doesn’t contain the Current Page # variable. If the insertion point is in a text frame on a master page, then more variables are displayed in the Variables pod.

Insert variable elements in structured documents

You can use an element to insert a variable in a structured flow. You can also insert a variable directly in text, without using a special variable element. For example, you can include the Chapter Title Name as part of a body element.

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FMXA comes with a set of system variables. The format rules of a variable element determine which variable to use with it. You cannot change a system variable element to use a different variable.

The values of system variables you insert are updated when you open or print the document. You can also update system variables manually. (System variables in headers or footers are updated when the page is redisplayed.)

1 Click where you want to insert the variable.

2 Select a system variable element in the Element Catalog and click Insert.

3 If the Attributes for the New Element dialog box appears, enter attribute values for the element and click Insert

Element.

The current value of the variable appears at the insertion point. A bubble for the variable appears in the Structure View, with a text snippet that shows the beginning of the variable text.

4 To update all variables in the current document, click Update on the pod toolbar. To update variables in all open

documents, first select All Open Docs and then click Update on the pod toolbar.

If your application has user variables already defined, you can insert variable elements in your document. You can insert a user variable directly in text, without using a variable element. Perhaps your application has user variables already defined. You can define and maintain other user variables as needed. If the value of a user variable changes, it is updated automatically wherever it occurs.

Edit or delete a variable occurrence

If you edit a variable definition, then all occurrences of the variable in the document are updated.

Alternatively, you can convert a variable to editable text and then edit the text in the document. If you convert the variable to text, however, the text is no longer updated when the variable definition changes.

You can delete variable occurrences from a body page. Also, backspacing the insertion point over a variable in the document doesn’t delete the variable. You can remove or edit a variable in the following ways:

• To delete one occurrence of a variable:

1 Select the variable name from the Variables pod and click Edit.

2 From the Add/Edit Variables panel or the Edit System Variables panel, select the instance from the Location list

and click Delete.

• To copy or move a variable, select it and choose Edit > Copy, Edit > Cut, or Edit > Paste.

• To replace a variable, select the variable in the Document view, and then double-click a different variable in the

Variables po d .

• To delete a variable in a text inset, delete the variable in the source document.

Note: Deleting a variable definition converts all occurrences of the variable in your document to editable text.

Convert a variable to text

1 Select the variable, click Convert To Text from the Variables pod.

2 Do one of the following:

• To convert a single occurrence of a variable, click Selected Variable.

• To convert all occurrences of a particular variable, select the variable in the Variables Named scroll list. For

structured documents, you can also choose the variable element tag from the Variables With Element Tag popup menu.

• To convert all variables in the document, click All Variables.

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3 Click Convert.

Create a user variable

A user variable is useful for a product name that can change or for a long manual name that is difficult to type each time. You can add a new variable and edit its definition from the Add/Edit Variable panel.

Add or edit existing user variable definitions from the Add/Edit Variable panel A. Name of the new variable or variable selected in the Variables pod B. Specify or edit the format definition for the variable C. Select from the li st of bui ldin g bl ocks to def ine the var iab le format D. list displays the location of the selected variable in the document. It displays the page number and the headings under which it appears F. new user variable G. Location list and click this button. I. from the document.

Edit the definition of a variable H. Highlights the selected variable in the Document view. Select an instance from the

Refreshes the data in the Location list J. Deletes the selected variable instance selected in the Location list

Nam e of the fi le th at c onta ins t he s ele cted var iabl e in stan ce i n the Var iabl es p od E. Location

Add a

If you don’t specify a character format in the variable definition, the variable uses the format at the insertion point. If you change the character format for the variable, the change applies only to the variable, not to the text that follows.

1 Click Create New User Variable from the Variables pod.

2 Enter the name and definition of the variable. Use these guidelines:

• Variable names are case-sensitive.

• The complete definition, including typed text and character formats, can be up to 255 characters long.

• You cannot use system variable building blocks for user variables.

• To include an angle bracket in a variable definition as text, precede it with a backslash (\).

• Enter a sequence of characters beginning with a backslash (\).

• To create a multiline variable such as multiline address, append \r for each line. Do not press Enter to insert a

line break.

3 To change the character format within the variable definition, do the following:

• To use a character format stored in the Character Catalog, place the insertion point in the Definition box where

you want to change the character format. Then click the character format in the Character Formats scroll list. The scroll list includes all the formats in the Character Catalog of the current document.

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Important: Don’t use a character format whose tag includes angle brackets.

• To return the character format to the paragraph default font at the end of the variable, place the insertion point

in the Definition box where you want to change the character format. Then click <Default Font> in the Character Formats scroll list.

4 Click Add.

5 To add more user variables, repeat steps 3 through 5.

Edit a variable definition

You can edit both system variables and user variables. For a system variable, you can edit its format by changing its building blocks in the Edit System Variable panel. To do so, select the system variable in the pod and click the Edit button.

Edit system variable definitions from the Edit System Variable panel A. Name of the variable selected in the Variables pod B. Displays the format definition for the variable C. Select from the list of building blocks to define the variable format D. displays the location of the selected variable in the document. It displays the page number and the headings under which it appears F. definition of the selected variable G. button. H.

For user variables, you can change the variable name and the variable format from the Add/Edit Variable panel.

Refreshes the data in the Location list I. Deletes the selected variable instance selected in the Location list from the document.

Displays the name of the file that contains the selected variable instance in the Variables pod E. Location list

Edits the

Highlights the selected variable in the document. Select an instance from the Location list and click this

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Edit the definition of a variable H. Highlights the selected variable in the Document view. Select an instance from the

Refreshes the data in the Location list J. Deletes the selected variable instance selected in the Location list

Nam e of the fi le th at c onta ins t he s ele cted var iabl e in stan ce i n the Var iabl es p od E. Location

Add a

Note: If a variable is in a text inset that uses the source document formats, change the variable definition in the source document.

1 Select the variable from the Variables pod and click Edit .

2 Do one of the following:

• For user variables, edit the variable name or change its definition in the Add/Edit Variable panel and click Edit.

• For system variables, edit the definition and click Edit.

Insert a building block for system-supplied information or for a character format at the insertion point. Click the building block in the Building Blocks scroll list. Only the building blocks appropriate for the variable appear in the scroll list. For example, <$fullfilename> and <$filename> appear for the filename variables. All the character formats in the Character Catalog appear at the bottom of the scroll list.

All instances of the variable in the document are updated with the new format.

Changing definitions of date and time variables

FMXA includes both long and short versions of variables for the current date, the date the document was last modified, and the document creation date. FMXA provides the following building blocks for date and time variables.

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Building block What it displays Example

<$second>

<$second00>

<$minute>

<$minute00>

<$hour>

<$hour01>

<$hour24>

<$ampm>

<$AMPM>

<$daynum>

<$daynum01>

<$dayname>

<$shortdayname>

<$monthnum>

<$monthnum01>

<$monthname>

<$shortmonthname>

<$year>

<$shortyear>

Seconds 8 or 32

08 or 32

Minutes 8 or 32

08 or 32

Hours 8 or 12

08 or 12

08 or 22

Morning or evening designation am or pm

A.M. or P.M.

Number of the day 8 or 28

08 or 28

Name of the day Monday

Mon

Number of the month 8 or 12

08 or 12

Name of the month August

Aug

Yea r 1997

FMXA uses the language of the current paragraph to determine the language used in date and time variables. For example, the current day name variable sometimes appears as We dn es d ay in an English paragraph but as Miercoles in a Spanish paragraph. If you change the language of a paragraph, the system variables in the paragraph are updated to use the new language.

If your system supports the typing of Japanese text in documents and dialog boxes, the following additional building blocks are available for Japanese dates.

Building block Example

<$daynumkanjikazu>

<$daynumkanjinumeric>

<$monthnumkanjikazu>

<$monthnumkanjinumeric>

<$imperialyear> 1 or 10

<$imperialyear01> 01 or 10

<$imperialyearspecialkanjikazu>

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Building block Example

<$imperialyearspecialkanjinumeric>

<$imperialyearkanjikazu>

<$imperialyearkanjinumeric>

<$imperialera>

Japanese dates appear in a variable when the variable uses a Japanese font family and the Language property is set to Nihongo.

Line numbers

Line numbers in FMXA files help you identify particular lines of content. For XML files, line number properties are derived from their respective template documents.

While using line numbers and change bars, ensure that they do not overlap.

Line numbers and change bars displayed in a FMXA file

Insert line numbers

To insert line numbers, complete the following steps:

Note: You can also use the View > Line Numbers to display/hide line numbers.

1 Select Format > Document > Line Numbers.

2 In the line number properties dialog, select Show line numbers and specify the following:

a Width: Distance of line numbers from the column. The distance is relative to the columns that contain text.

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b Font: Font of the line numbers

c Size: Size of the line numbers

d Color: Color of the line numbers

e Restart at Each Page: Selecting this option restarts line numbers for each page

Some highlights of line numbers

1 Support for multicolumn and multiflow formats: For files with multicolumn formats, line numbers appear for text

in each of the columns. For multi-flow documents, the line numbers are calculated according to the text flows and continue accordingly.

2 Recalculation: When you insert text within a paragraph with line numbers are enabled, the line numbers are

recalculated to accommodate the new text.

3 Document level property: Line numbers are a document level property. Line numbers can be set at a document level

to continue from previous page or restart at each page.

4 Text flows: For multi-flow documents, the line numbers follow the text flows and continue according to the text

flows.

5 XML documents: Line numbers do not persist in XML documents. However, you can enable line numbers in the

application template.

6 Printing: Line numbers are visible in the print and PDF created using Save As PDF.

Create documents

In FrameMaker XML Author, you create structured (.xml) documents.

Create a document based on a structured application

If you want to create a struct ured doc ument, make sure that you hav e an EDD an d a str ucture applic ation avail able. You can use the EDD file and sample structure application included with FrameMaker XML Author in the Structure folder, or you can create your own. For information on creating a structured application and EDD, see the online manual, Developing Structured Applications with Adobe FrameMaker 9 on the Adobe website,

www.adobe.com/go/lr_FrameMaker_support_en.

1 Choose File > New > XML.

2 In the New XML dialog, choose one of the following:

• Structured Applications: Choose from DITA, S1000D, or any other structured applications set up on

FrameMaker XML Author on your computer.

• DITA: Choose to create a DITA topic, such as Task, Concept, or Reference.

• S1000D: Choose to create an S1000D module, such as Crew or IPD.

3 Save the document in the desired format.

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Create an XML document based on a DTD

You can create a structured document based on the DTD. For the formatting of the document, you need to create an EDD and do further work. For XML roundtripping, you need to create an XML application based on the DTD. For information on creating a structured application and EDD, see the online manual, Developing Structured Applications with Adobe FrameMaker 9 on the Adobe website,

1 Select File > New > XML.

2 In the New XML dialog, select other XML.

3 Select DTD Based XML and click OK.

4 Specify the following:

a Root Element: Specify the name of the root element.

b Public ID: Enter a public ID. A public ID in an XML document makes it portable to other computers.

c System ID: Specify the path to the relevant DTD. The System ID is the URL of the DTD relevant to an XML file.

5 Click OK.

FrameMaker XML Author makes the elements in the specified DTD available in the document. .

www.adobe.com/go/lr_FrameMaker_support_en.

Create a blank XML document

You can create a blank XML document without a structured application or a DTD. An XML document without a DTD allows you to create markup tags without having to define them first. XML aware programs can parse a well-formed XML document even when it does not have an associated DTD.

1 Select File > New > XML.

2 In the New XML dialog, select Other XML.

3 Click Empty XML.

4 Click OK.

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Chapter 5: Text

Adding and editing text

Add text and special characters

The insertion point marks where you enter or edit text.

You can also insert special text items, such as cross-references, footnotes, variables, and markers from the Special menu. When you click a special text item, such as a cross-reference, variable, or text inset, you select the entire item.

If you can’t place the insertion point in or next to text, consider these possible reasons:

• The text is background text that was typed on a master page.

• The text was automatically generated, as with paragraph autonumbers, cross-references, or headers and footers.

More Help topics

“Search for items” on page 76

Special characters

In addition to standard characters, you can type bullets, dashes, fixed-width spaces, mathematical symbols, international characters, and other special characters.

Note: In FrameMaker XML Author, character (ALT) sequences are not implemented for Dingbats and Symbol fonts because Unicode equivalents of codepage 1252 for these fonts are provided by default. The character (ALT) sequences are implemented for the MakerRoman font family only.

For a list of characters in t he Symbol and Zapf Dingb ats fonts, a list of accented characters in the standard character set, and information on inserting the Euro currency symbol, see the online manual FrameMaker XML Author Character Sets.

Some special characters are entered or displayed differently in dialog boxes. In Windows, you enter a sequence of characters beginning with a backslash (\), these sequences are listed in

Ta bs

Each time you press Tab, a tab symbol is embedded in the text. The symbol does not appear in the printed document, but it is visible onscreen when text symbols are visible.

If the current paragraph has tab stops set, FrameMaker XML Author moves the insertion point and text one tab stop each time you press Tab. If tab stops are not set, pressing Tab doesn’t move the insertion point and text. If you press Tab more times than you have tab stops, the Tab symbols overlap. If you later add tab stops to the paragraph, FrameMaker XML Author positions the text correctly at the tab stops.

FrameMaker XML Author uses tab stops that are absolute rather than relative. With relative tab stops, each time you press Tab, the insertion point moves to the next available tab stop. With absolute tab stops, the nth tab on a line moves the insertion point to the nth stop. If that tab stop is to the left of the insertion point, the insertion point does not move.

“Dialog boxes” on page 357.

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Copy, move, and delete text

Pasted text retains its character format properties. If the pasted text contains paragraph symbols , the paragraph format associated with each paragraph is also pasted. Otherwise, the pasted text takes the paragraph format of the paragraph in which it is pasted.

You copy text more quickly if you bypass the clipboard, which is possible only if the original text and the new location are visible and exist in the same document. You must use the clipboard to copy and paste text from one document to another.

❖ To copy text without using the clipboard, place the insertion point where you want to insert the copied text, hold

down Alt, and select the text you want to copy.

Drag and drop text

FrameMaker XML Author allows you to drag and drop text. You can drag and drop text across various FrameMaker XML Author documents and across other applications that support the drag and drop feature.

In addition, FrameMaker XML Author allows you to drag and drop elements.

• To copy an element, hold the CTRL key while dropping the element in its new location.

• If you drop an element in an invalid location, the cursor changes to a ‘?’ to indicate that the location is invalid.

You can also drag and drop rows and columns of a table.

• In a table, to move a whole row or column, select the column or row, and hold the ALT key while dropping it to the

new location.

• In a ta ble, t o co py a wh ole row or co lumn, sel ect t he c olumn or row, and h old th e CT RL a nd A LT ke ys t ogeth er w hile

dropping it to the new location.

Note: If you do not hold the ALT key while dragging columns or rows, only the contents of the columns and rows are copied.

Working with elements in structured documents

About elements

The basic unit of information in structured documents is called an element. Elements hold other elements, text, graphics, tables, cross-references, and markers.

You can add elements to a document to build its structure, and you can edit existing elements in many ways.

If you create a FrameMaker XML Author document by opening a structured file, you do not need to add elements to it. The document already contains elements. You can edit the document’s elements, and add more elements.

To build a document’s structure, you can either add elements to the document and then fill in the contents, or select existing contents and wrap them in elements.

A structured document has element definitions stored in its Element Catalog. These definitions describe the allowable contents for each type of element the document can have. They sometimes specify attributes and formatting for the elements. If all the elements in a document have contents and attributes that meet these specifications, the document is valid.

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Install door panels under the following conditions:

1. when a door panel has been removed to be repaired or unjammed

2. when a damaged door panel is being replaced with a new one

1. when a door panel has been

2. when a damaged door panel

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Valid contents for elements

An element’s definition has content rules that determine what the element can contain. For example, perhaps the definition of a Section element specifies that a Section must begin with a Head element, then must have a Para element, and then can have any combination of Para, Figure, and other Section elements. A Para element sometimes allows text and CrossRef elements, in any order.

The Element Catalog indicates valid elements for the current location with a heavy check mark. It shows that text is allowed with the <TEXT> tag.

Two classes of elements

Elements fall into two basic classes determined by their allowable contents:

• A container element can hold text, other elements, or both. Container elements, such as heads and paragraphs, build

the document’s structure.

• An object element is a single object—a marker, cross-reference, system variable, equation, or anchored frame. You

cannot type in these elements or add child elements to them.

A. Containers have round-cornered bubbles. B. Object elements have square-cornered bubbles.

A container element can be defined to remain empty. For example, perhaps a table cell is empty as part of a table’s design. If an element contains only spaces or nonprintable characters such as tabs, its text snippet in the Structure View is <WHITESPACE>.

Attributes for elements

An element can have attributes, which provide information about the element that is not part of the element’s contents. Your document uses attributes for several purposes:

• To control the formatting of an element. For example, perhaps a Type attribute in a List element has two possible

values—Bulleted and Numbered.

Attributes can provide formatting information.

• To record descriptive information about an element, such as level of classification. An attribute value can even

trigger a custom routine that hides the element when the document is displayed.

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• To store source and destination information for elements, typically for cross-referencing. A Section element

sometimes has an ID attribute that stores a unique value. A cross-reference element that points to the Section stores the same value in a Reference attribute, to maintain the connection between the elements.

You typically enter and edit the values for attributes, unless the attributes are defined to be read-only. Crossreference IDs are often read-only and are generated by FrameMaker XML Author.

Insert elements

To add an element to a document, you either insert an empty element and enter contents, or wrap an element around existing contents. Before you can begin, your document must have element definitions in its Element Catalog.

If you haven’t yet fully planned your document, consider inserting just the high-level elements, such as Section and Head elements, and then use this structure as an outline for developing the document.

You can also enter all the elements in their correct order and hierarchy as you go, or concentrate on contents rather than on structure, and then validate later to correct errors.

The Element Catalog shows the elements that are available at the current location. You can change the scope of elements available—for example, to show elements that are not valid at the current location. Ask your application developer for a summary of what each element can contain.

If you have turned on element boundaries, then once you insert or wrap an element, a pair of element boundaries appears in the document window, and a new bubble appears in the Structure View.

Empty element boundaries (left) and bubble for the new element (right)

Insert an element using the Element Catalog

1 Click where you want to insert the element. If you’re inserting it between other elements, work in the Structure View

rather than the document window.

2 Select an element tag in the Element Catalog, and click Insert. If only one element appears in the catalog, you can

click Insert without selecting it.

You can also double-click an element tag to insert the element.

Note: The Element Catalog always displays only those elements that are valid at the insertion point.

3 If the Attributes For New Element dialog box appears, enter attribute values for the element and click Insert Element.

This dialog box appears only if the element has attributes and if an option is set in the New Element Options dialog box to prompt for attribute values when you insert new elements.

4 If you insert a table, a marker, a graphic, or a cross-reference, provide more information about the element in the

dialog box that appears.

5 Add content to the elements. You can add content as you insert elements, or after you build the structure of your

document.

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Press Return to insert elements

In many cases, pressing Return inserts an element automatically. Whenever you press Return, FrameMaker XML Author checks the current element’s definition for the following conditions—in the following order—and sometimes inserts a child element:

One valid element If only one child element is valid at the current location, pressing Return adds that element. For

example, after you add a Section, perhaps a Head is the only element permitted next. You can also use this technique to create repeating elements, such as body paragraphs and list items.

More than one valid element If more than one child element is valid, pressing Return highlights the Tag area to prompt

you for an element tag. Type until the tag you want appears, and then press Return to insert the element.

End of an element If the insertion point is at the end of an element and no more child elements are valid, pressing

Return looks for valid elements in ancestors after this location. If a valid element is found, the insertion point moves to the ancestor and the element is inserted (if only one is valid) or the Tag area is highlighted (if more than one element is valid).

Other conditions If none of the preceding conditions are true, pressing Return causes a beep and no element is

inserted.

Set options for inserting new elements

1 Make the appropriate document window or book window active. If a book window is active, select the documents

you want to affect.

2 Choose Element > New Element Options.

3 Specify how you want to be prompted for attribute values when you add new elements:

• To enter all possible attribute values as you add elements, select Always Prompt For Attribute Values.

• To enter only required attribute values as you add elements, select Prompt For Required Attribute Values.

• To enter attribute values after adding elements, select Do Not Prompt For Attribute Values.

4 To allow FrameMaker XML Author to insert child elements automatically for new elements, select Allow Automatic

Insertion Of Children.

5 Click Set.

To speed up the process of adding new elements, select the Do Not Prompt For Attribute Values and Allow Automatic Insertion Of Children options.

Add text in a structured document

Place the insertion point anywhere inside a text frame in a document window. An insertion point also appears at the corresponding place in the Structure View. To place the insertion point in the middle of text, use the document window rather than the Structure View. When placing the insertion point at the beginning or end of an element, or between elements, click in the Structure View.

The Element Catalog describes what the current element can contain. You can enter text whenever <TEXT> appears in the catalog.

1 Place the insertion point:

• To place at the beginning or end of text, click to the left or right in the first or second half of the text snippet.

After you click, a line on the left or right side of the triangle insertion point indicates that the point is at the beginning or end of text.

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• To place between two elements, click to the right of the vertical line connecting the elements, between the two

bubbles.

Insertion point between two elements

2 Begin typing. Don’t press Return unless you want to insert a new element.

Edit elements

You can edit a document’s structure in many ways—including changing an element to a different type, rearranging elements, and splitting and merging elements.

After editing one part of a document, sometimes you edit the document further to correct content errors. For example, if you split a Section element in two, you sometimes need to add a Head element for the new second Section. Use the Structure View as a guide for finding errors as you work, or validate the document when you’re finished.

Change elements

You can change an existing element to another element of the same type. For example, you sometimes want to convert a Para element into a Note element, or a series of Para elements into ListItem elements that you can include within a List element.

However, not all elements can be converted to other elements. For example, if you change a Para element containing text to a Marker element containing the same text, the name of the element changes, but the text is not converted to marker text.

Note: If you want to change contents to a table, use Table > Convert To Table to convert text rather than changing an element.

Changing elements to another type

1 Select the element. You can select more than one element, even if the elements do not have the same tag. All the

elements are changed to the new type of element. However, the elements’ children are not changed, but they sometimes become invalid because the parent changed.

2 Select an element tag in the Element Catalog and click Change. Sometimes attributes in the element become invalid

and need to be corrected.

Merge elements

You can merge two or more elements into a single element. Merging places the contents of the second element (including any child elements) at the end of the first element.

Merging two Sections, before and after

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You sometimes must edit the document after merging elements.

1 Select the elements you want to merge. The elements can be of different types, but they must be siblings and next to

each other in their parent element.

2 Choose Element > Merge.

Merging retains the attributes for the first element only.

Split an element

You can split an element into two elements that have the same tag and are at the same level. For example, perhaps you split a Section element in two.

Splitting a Section, before and after

You sometimes must edit the document after splitting an element. In the example above, after splitting you would add a Head for the new second Section.

Note: You cannot split an element that is a table part (such as a row or cell).

1 Click where you want to split the element. The contents after the insertion point go in the new second element.

2 Choose Element > Split.

Splitting sometimes results in two elements with identical attributes. However, if the original attribute had a Unique ID attribute, the second element loses its ID value.

Wrap elements around existing content

You can add structure to content already in a document by wrapping a new element around the content. The content can be any part of a document, including other elements. The element’s content is formatted as specified in the element’s format rules.

Note: You cannot wrap content in elements that are for parts of tables (such as rows or cells), but you can wrap text or other elements that are within a cell or a table title element. If you want to convert text and elements to a table, use Table > Convert To Table rather than wrapping.

After wrapping an element, you sometimes must edit the document to correct structure errors. For example, if you wrap Para elements in a Section element that requires a Head element, you’ll need to insert the Head element.

Wrap an element using the Element Catalog

1 Select the contents you want to wrap in an element. If you’re selecting text, use the document window. If you’re

selecting entire elements, use the Structure View.

2 Select an element tag in the Element Catalog, and click Wrap.

3 If the Attributes For New Element dialog box appears, enter attribute values for the element and click Insert Element.

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This dialog box appears only if the element has attributes and if an option is set in the New Element Options dialog box to prompt for attribute values when you insert elements.

Wrap elements throughout a document

1 In the document window, wrap text ranges, system variables, and other items that are inside paragraphs. Don’t

worry about errors you see in the Structure View. You’ll correct many of these errors when you wrap the lowest levels in parent elements. You can correct the other errors when you’re finished.

2 Wrap paragraphs, headings, and other paragraph-level items in their elements.

3 In the Structure View, wrap the elements you have so far in parent elements, such as Section and List.

When you wrap the first element in the document, the Structure View immediately changes to show a default invalid structure, as follows:

• A highest-level element is added with the tag NoName, unless you begin by wrapping the contents in a valid highest-

level element. NoName is a placeholder for your valid highest-level element.

• All tables become structured and are given default element tags, such as TABLE and ROW.

• Objects become elements with default tags such as CROSSREF, GRAPHIC, and EQUATION.

• Footnotes become FOOTNOTE.

• Rubi text becomes RUBI and RUBIGRP elements.

Note: Variables and markers do not become structured object elements.

You can correct the structure of the document when you’re finished wrapping elements.

If your application developer has set up a conversion table for the document, you can apply the table to wrap elements throughout the document all at one time. This is much faster than wrapping text manually.

Unwrapping the contents of elements

Unwrapping deletes an element but leaves its contents in the same place in the document. You usually unwrap elements as part of a larger editing process. For example, if you plan to convert ListItem elements into Para elements, sometimes you must unwrap the parent List element first. Then use Edit > Find/Change to convert the ListItem elements to Para elements.

Unwrapping ListItems, before and after

You sometimes must edit the document after unwrapping an element. For this example, you would change the ListItem elements to valid elements or rewrap them.

Note: You cannot unwrap an element that is a table part (such as a row or cell).

1 Select the element with the contents you want to unwrap.

2 Choose Element > Unwrap.

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Move or copy elements

You can move an element to another location in a document by dragging its bubble in the Structure View. When you move or copy an element, its contents, including descendants, all move along with it. This does not affect the contents of the clipboard.

If you’re moving an element that has many descendants, collapse the element first.

You can also move or copy an element by cutting or copying it to the clipboard and pasting, even across documents. If you paste an element from another document, sometimes the element is not defined in your document. If you don’t plan to add a definition for the element, change the element to a valid one. You cannot cut and paste elements in a book file.

❖ Do one of the following:

• To move an element, drag the bubble to the location you want.

• To copy an element, hold down Alt and drag the bubble to the location.

As you drag the bubble to copy, the pointer changes to a hollow, stacked up-and-down arrowhead, and a horizontal arrow moves to indicate where the copy goes if you release the mouse button.

As you drag the bubble to move, the pointer changes to a solid up-and-down arrowhead, and an arrow moves to indicate where the bubble goes if you release the mouse button.

If the element is valid in the location where the arrow points, a check mark or question mark appears in the bubble.

Nudge an element one place

❖ Drag the element’s bubble slightly to one side or up or down. As you drag a small distance, the pointer changes to a

single arrow. (If you drag too far, the arrow changes to an up-and-down arrowhead.)

Nudging a List one place, before and after

When you release, the element moves one place in the indicated direction, as follows:

• Moving an element up places it right above the sibling right before it. Moving an element down places it below

the sibling after it.

• Moving an element to the left makes it a sibling of its parent. Moving an element to the right makes it a child of

the sibling before it.

Hierarchical element insert

Using the Elements quick catalog, you can select and insert multiple levels of elements. When you select an element in the quick catalog, FrameMaker XML Author displays the elements available within the selected element.

Hit Enter and use the pointer or the arrow keys (or the pointer) to select a hierarchy of elements that you want to insert. When you hit Enter, if there is only one valid element at the pointer’s position, FrameMaker XML Author inserts the element.

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Use the following keys to navigate through the hierarchy of elements in quick catalogs:

Key\Key action Type of navigation\action

Place cursor in an element and hit Enter Display the quick catalog

Right arrow Display the elements available within the selected element

Left arrow Hide one level hierarchy of elements

tab scroll down

shift+tab scroll up

Alphabets\combination of alphabets Type an alphabet or combination of alphabets to select an element. For

example, press B to select Body and Type T,O to go to Topic.

The list of elements in the quick catalog appears according to the settings in the Set Available Elements dialog. If Show Element Descriptive Tags is selected, the element tool tips in the catalog display the element descriptions.

Hierarchical element insert takes care of auto insertions for the last selected element in the hierarchy, as specified in the EDD. If there are auto insertion rules in place for elements apart from the last element, they are ignored.

Hierarchical element insert A. Select a hierarchy of elements B. Elements get inserted as a group

Select and edit text

Select text in flow

❖ To select all the text in a flow, click in the flow and choose Edit > Select All In Flow.

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Select text in structured document window

You can select entire elements and any part of the document contents in a document window. A corresponding selection also appears in the Structure View.

If an element has contents, you can select all or part of the contents without selecting the element itself. If an element consists of a single object, such as a graphic or a cross-reference, select the entire element.

When you select an entire element, its contents are selected along with it.

Work with element boundaries showing, so that you can see the beginning and end of each element. After selecting, check the status bar for the correct tag name of the selection parent element. The tag name appears following the “E:”

text.

❖ To select text in an element, do one of the following:

• To select text without selecting the whole element, drag through the range of text. Be careful not to drag across

an element boundary. If you do, you select the entire element.

• To select one element, drag from anywhere inside the element to outside one of its element boundaries.

• To select more than one elements, drag through the elements. FrameMaker XML Author selects each element as

you drag across one of its boundaries.

Select element content in Structure View

You can select entire elements or the element contents in the Structure View. A corresponding selection also appears in the document window.

If an element has contents, you can select all of the contents without selecting the element itself. If an element is a single object, such as a graphic or a cross-reference, you select the entire element. (Elements that are allowed contents have round-cornered bubbles; elements that are a single object have square-cornered bubbles.)

When you select an entire element, its contents are selected along with it.

❖ To select element content, do one of the following

• To select an element, click the middle of its bubble.

• To select more than one element, click the first bubble and then Shift-click the other bubbles. You can also drag

to the right of the vertical line connecting the elements. Start above the first element you want to select, and drag down to the last element you want to select.

• To select contents of an element without descendants but not select the entire element, double-click the text

snippet.

• To select the contents of an element with descendants but not select the entire element, double-click to the right

of the vertical line connecting the first level of descendants.

Remove elements

You can remove any element, with or without its contents. For example, you sometimes want to delete a Section element and its contents, or delete the Section but leave the contents in place, so you can place them in a different element.

For elements that are defined to contain text or other elements, you can also delete the contents and leave the empty element in the document. For elements that are single objects without contents, you must delete the entire element.

• To remove an element and its contents, select the element and press Delete.

• To remove an element but not its content, select the element and choose Element > Unwrap. FrameMaker XML

Author reformats the contents based on the new context, if necessary.

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Title

ChapNumber

ChapName

ID = <no value> DraftVersion = Alpha Draft XRefLabel = <no value>

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• To remove the contents of an element but not the element itself, select the contents and press Delete.

• To remove an element and its contents and replace it with another element, select the element. Then select the

replacement element in the Element Catalog, and click Insert. A new empty element replaces the selected element and its contents.

• To remove all elements from a document to base it on paragraph and character formats, choose Special > Remove

Structure From Flow. If the document has additional structured flows, repeat this command for each flow.

FrameMaker XML Author removes all elements from the current text flow. If the formatting was created or modified by format change lists in the element catalog, the removed elements become format overrides in the document.

Note: To create named formats for each removed element variation and save them in the catalog, use the Create And Apply Formats command.

Assign attribute values

Attributes store supplementary information about an element that does not appear with the contents of the document. You can see attributes and their values in the Structure View.

Attributes in the Structure View

An attribute’s definition specifies the type of values that are acceptable (such as text or numeric) and sometimes includes a list of possible values or a numeric range.

The definition also determines whether the value is optional, required, or read only. It sometimes provides a default value. You can assign values to an attribute if the attribute is not read only.

If an attribute’s current value does not conform to the specifications in its definition, the attribute is invalid.

Note: FrameMaker XML Author can provide the values for ID and ID Reference attributes used in cross-referencing. (These attributes are often defined to be read only.)

Enter attribute values as you insert elements

You enter some attribute values as you insert elements, particularly for required attributes and attributes that affect formatting. Optional attributes can perhaps wait for a later pass.

Some font property values used in an element definition document (EDD) require that you use specific units. For example, if the Offset Horizontal value is set as a percentage of an em space, typing 5pt creates an offset of 5 em spaces instead of 5 points.

Do not use multibyte (Asian-language) characters when entering attribute values. Sometimes these characters are not exported to SGML correctly because multibyte characters are not supported in the SGML workflow.

Note: Attribute names support the Unicode text-encoding standard.

1 Make sure you are prompted for attribute values when you insert elements.

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2 Insert the element. If attributes are defined for the element, the Attributes For New Element dialog box appears,

listing all the attributes (except read-only ones) defined for the element.

3 For each attribute value to provide, select the attribute in the Attribute Name scroll list, enter the value in the

Attribute Value box, and click Set Value. If an attribute is required, you must enter a value for the element to be valid.

If an attribute has a set of predefined values, choose from the Attribute Value pop-up menu rather than entering a value.

The value you can enter, such as text or a number, is determined by the attribute’s type.

A description of the selected attribute (its type, whether a value is required, and so on) appears in the dialog box below the Attribute Value area.

4 Click Insert Element.

Enter or edit attribute values for elements already in a document

To change an attribute name rather than a value, use Edit > Find/Change. Sometimes this is necessary if you imported element definitions that use different attribute names with identical meanings, such as Security instead of SecurityLevel. The new attribute name must be defined for the element.

1 Select the element with the attribute value you want to change.

You can select more than one element of the same type, and apply the change to all. The elements must be contiguous. For example, if several Para elements in a row have a Security attribute, you can change the value of that attribute for all the Para elements at one time.

2 Double-click an attribute name or value in the Structure View to display the Attributes dialog box.

Alternatively, access the Attributes modal panel from Elements > Edit Attributes.

3 For each attribute value to enter or edit, select the attribute in the Attribute Name scroll list, enter the value in the

Attribute Value box, and click Set Value.

If an attribute has a set of predefined values, choose from the Attribute Value pop-up menu rather than entering a value.

4 Click Done.

Types of attributes

An attribute’s type determines the kind of values that are allowed in the attribute. For example, the value version 1 is not valid for an attribute defined as an integer, but the value 1 is valid. Numeric types (such as integer or real number) can also be limited to a predefined range by their attribute definition.

Choice An attribute with a list of predefined values.

ID Reference An attribute with a value that is a Unique ID value from another element. It is typically used for element-

based cross-references.

ID References An attribute with a value of one or more Unique ID values from another element. (Sometimes the

developer specifies this attribute if you’re exporting to a structured application that uses multiple values for source information.)

Integer An attribute with a whole number value (no decimal parts). Examples of valid integers are 22, -22, and +322.

An integer can be defined to fall within a range.

Integers

An attribute with a value of one or more integers. Enter each number on a separate line in the Attribute Value box.

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Real An attribute with a real number value, with or without a decimal part (the value can also be expressed in scientific

notation). Examples of valid real numbers are 2, 22.4, -0.22, and 2.3e-1. A real number can be defined to fall within a range.

Reals An attribute with a value of one or more real numbers. Enter each number on a separate line in the Attribute

Value box.

String An attribute with a value of a series of characters (text).

Strings An attribute with a value of one or more strings. Enter each string on a separate line in the Attribute Value box.

Unique ID An attribute with a value of a unique text string. An element can have only one ID attribute (which can be

of type Unique ID or Unique IDs). All ID values must be unique in the document or book. An element with a

ID attribute can be the source for an element-based cross-reference.

Unique

Unique IDs An attribute with a value of one or more unique text strings. Enter each string on a separate line in the

Attribute Value box. (Sometimes the developer specifies this attribute if you’re exporting to a structured application that uses multiple values for source information.)

Copy attribute values

You can use the clipboard to copy and paste attribute values from one element to another. If you paste values to an element that does not have corresponding attributes defined, the attributes are invalid. To preserve element-based cross-references, an ID attribute value is not pasted.

If you copy an attribute from another document, the attribute sometimes is not defined in the current document.

1 Select the element with the attribute values you want to copy, and choose Edit > Copy Special > Attribute Values. All

attribute values associated with the element are copied to the clipboard.

2 Select a different element and choose Edit > Paste.

3 (Optional) To delete an undefined attribute copied from another document, select the element with the undefined

attribute, open the Attributes dialog box, select the attribute, and click Delete Attribute. In the next dialog box that appears, remove the attribute for the current element or for all elements that have the attribute.

Find and edit elements and attributes

You search for elements and attributes in a structured document to keep track of them or to make changes to them quickly. Searching is especially useful when you want to apply the same change to more than one occurrence of an element or attribute.

You can also search for many other items in FrameMaker XML Author, including strings of text, specific formatting, unresolved cross-references, and objects (such as anchored frames) that are not elements.

Note: The Find/Change feature supports the Unicode text-encoding standard.

More Help topics

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Search for element tags, attribute names, or attribute values

You can search for an element tag, attribute name, and attribute value either separately or in combination. For example, you can search for an element tagged List to find each List element, or perhaps you limit the search to find only List elements that have a Security attribute set to Classified.

1 Choose Edit > Find/Change.

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2 Choose Element from the Find pop-up menu.

3 Select the options you want in the Find Element dialog box.

The settings can be used in many combinations. These are a few examples:

• To find any element, leave all three boxes empty.

• To find a specific element, type an element tag but leave the Attribute Name and Attribute Value boxes empty.

• To find any element with a specific attribute, type an attribute name but leave the Element Tag and Attribute

Value boxes empty.

• To find any element with a specific attribute value, type an attribute value but leave the Element Tag and Attribute

Name boxes empty.

• To find a specific combination of element and attribute, type an element tag and choose an attribute name.

• To find a specific combination of element and attribute value, type an element tag and choose an attribute name

and an attribute value. (If the attribute type is Choice, type the value.)

• To find a specific element with an attribute that has no value, type an element tag, choose an attribute name, and

choose <No Value> from the Attribute Value pop-up menu.

Leave a box empty if you do not want to restrict the search. An empty box has the same effect as searching for any element, or choosing either <Any Attribute> or <Any Value>.

4 Click Set.

5 In the Find/Change dialog box, select Consider Case, Whole Word, Use Wildcards, or Find Backward.

6 Click Find.

Note: After searching the main flow, FrameMaker XML Author looks at other text frames and text lines. Because a search is flow by flow, it sometimes appears to jump around the document.

More Help topics

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Change elements or attributes you find

After you find an element, attribute, or attribute value, you can change it to another element, attribute, or value. For example, you can quickly and globally change the value of a SecurityLevel attribute from Declassified to Top Secret.

When changing items in a document, you can change each occurrence of the item as it is found or have FrameMaker XML Author automatically make the change throughout the document.

After pasting material from another document or importing new element definitions, use the Find/Change command to clean up your document. You can use Find/Change to change CELL elements, for example, to TableCell elements.

1 Choose Edit > Find/Change.

2 In the Find/Change dialog box, choose Element from the Find pop-up menu.

3 Select the options you want in the Find Element dialog box, and click Set. Then choose an option from the Change

pop-up menu in the Find/Change dialog box, and type the replacement tag or value.

The Find Element dialog box and the Change pop-up menu work together. These are a few examples of combinations you can use:

• To change one element to another, type an element tag in the Find Element dialog box but leave Attribute Name

and Attribute Value empty. Then choose Element Tag To in the Change pop-up menu and type an element tag.

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Para

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• To change one attribute to another, type an attribute name but leave Element Tag and Attribute Value empty.

Then choose Attribute Name To and type an attribute name that is defined for this element.

• To change one attribute value to another, type an attribute value but leave Attribute Name and Attribute Value

empty. Then choose Attribute Value To and type a value.

• To change an attribute with a specific name to a certain value, type an attribute name but leave Element Tag and

Attribute Value empty. Then choose Attribute Value To and type a value.

• To change a specific element with a specific attribute value to another element, type an element tag and choose

an attribute name and attribute value. Then choose Element Tag To in the Change pop-up menu and type an element tag.

• To remove an attribute value, type an attribute value but leave Element Tag and Attribute Name empty. Then

choose Attribute Value To and leave the Choose box empty.

If you try to make a change that is not allowed—for example, if you try to remove an element tag—an alert message appears explaining the problem.

4 Click Find.

5 When FrameMaker XML Author finds the element or attribute, do one of the following:

• To make the change but not continue searching for other occurrences of the item, click Change.

• To make the change and continue searching for other occurrences, click Change & Find.

• To change all occurrences of the item, specify all occurrences in the document or only occurrences in the current

selection and click Change All.

Find and correct errors in document structure

An error in a structured flow can be a structure problem, such as an element in an invalid location, or an invalid attribute, such as an attribute with a missing required value. In Structure View, when a collapsed element has invalid content in its structure, the plus sign on the left of the element name is red.

You ca n al so validate a document to find errors. After you know where the errors are located, use the Element Catalog and the Structure View as guides to help you correct them.

If you’ve made any formatting changes to text in elements, the elements perhaps do not conform to their format rules.

Use the Structure View to find errors

When an element doesn’t conform to content rules and attribute descriptions in the document’s element definitions, the Structure View identifies the error for you.

Missing elements If an element is missing one or more child elements required by the element definitions, a small red

hole appears on the vertical line where the child element should be.

At least one required child element is missing.

Elements at an invalid location If an element is at a location not allowed by the content rules, the vertical line next to

it is broken from the position of that element to the end of the parent element.

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ListItem

Para

ListItem

The Para element is invalid at this location.

Undefined elements If an element is not defined for the document, its bubble is red. This sometimes happens if you

have pasted the element from another document.

Invalid attributes If an attribute has an invalid value or is not defined for the document, it appears with a red x to the

left of the attribute name and its value is red.

Chapter

x DraftVersion = Alpha Draft

XRefLabel = <no value>

The DraftVersion attribute is invalid.

Attributes missing a required value If an attribute does not have a value, <no value> appears to the right of the attribute

name. If the attribute requires a value, <no value> is red and a red hole appears to the left of it.

Chapter

DraftVersion = Alpha Draft XRefLabel = <no value>

The XRefLabel attribute is missing a required value.

Validate a document

When FrameMaker XML Author validates a document, it searches for elements that do not conform to content and attribute rules in the document’s element definitions. If FrameMaker XML Author finds an error, it selects the element and describes the error.

You can validate an entire document, the current flow, or the current element. If you validate the current element, FrameMaker XML Author does not check the descendants of the element’s child elements. For example, if you validate the Section element below, FrameMaker XML Author makes sure that the Head element, the two Para elements, and the List element are valid, but does not check the List Item elements in List.

Section

Head

Para

List

ListItem

Only the section’s child elements are validated.

When a door

When a oor

If the document has conditional text, only the versions that are showing are validated.

You can also validate an entire book including all its files, only the book file, or only the current element in the book file.

1 Choose Element > Validate.

2 Select Entire Document, Entire Book, Current Flow, or Current Element to specify the scope of the validation.

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3 To exclude missing elements or attribute values from the search, select Ignore Missing Elements or Ignore Missing

Attribute Values.

If these settings are selected, FrameMaker XML Author does not look for places where a required child element or a required attribute value is missing. Consider selecting these if you are not trying to build a complete document yet.

4 Click Start Validating.

FrameMaker XML Author starts checking at the beginning of the current element. If you’re validating only the current element, it checks the element with the insertion point or the selected element. If more than one element is selected, it checks the first element in the selection.

5 If FrameMaker XML Author finds an error, click Start Validating again when you’re ready to continue validating.

The top of the Element Validation dialog box shows the tag of the element and a brief message about the problem.

You can correct the error, ignore it, or click Allow As Special Case. If you mark it as a special case, FrameMaker XML Author won’t identify the error the next time you validate the document.

6 Repeat step 5 until FrameMaker XML Author does not find any more errors.

When FrameMaker XML Author reaches the end of the document, it returns to the beginning and continues validating. When FrameMaker XML Author reaches the end of a flow, it continues to the next one.

Note: When validating a book, FrameMaker XML Author tells you if a file in the book has invalid content, but for a more detailed evaluation, you must open and validate the file.

Validation of the elements in an EDD includes attributes in if-then clauses. For example, suppose that the possible values of an attribute are A or B or C, and a context rule says

If [attrval = "D"]. This is flagged as an error and

reported as an invalid structure when the element definitions are imported.

Similarly, if an element’s text formatting rules or prefix/suffix rules use attribute names in the context specifications, the attribute name and case must match the attribute definition in the element’s definition.

If an attribute’s value is changed to the same value it previously had, the action is not flagged as a change. This enhances performance by eliminating unnecessary value checking.

Clear all special cases

1 Choose Element > Validate.

2 Click Clear Special Cases. FrameMaker XML Author clears the special cases in the document, the flow, or the

element—whichever scope is selected in the dialog box.

Validation error messages

The following error messages can appear at the top of the Element Validation dialog box. (In the descriptions, tag represents an element tag, name represents an attribute name, and value represents an attribute value.)

Element is undefined The element is not defined in the document. You perhaps copied this element from another

document.

Missing element before tag At least one required element is missing before the specified element.

More contents required at end At least one more child element is required at the end of the current element.

No current element There is no insertion point or selection. (This message appears when the scope is set to Current

Element.)

No current flow There is no insertion point or selection. (This message appears when the scope is set to Current Flow.)

Not highest-level element The element is not permitted at the highest level in the document.

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<TEXT> not permitted in this element The element contains text, but text is not allowed.

<TEXT> not valid at this position The element is allowed to have text but not at this location.

The name attribute refers to an undefined ID value The attribute is an ID Reference and refers to a Unique ID value

that doesn’t exist in the document (or in the book, if you’re validating a book).

The name attribute is undefined for this element The definition of this element does not include a name attribute.

This element should be a type The element is the wrong type, where type can be graphic, marker, cross-reference,

equation, or system variable. For example, a cross-reference element sometimes consists of text instead of a crossreference.

Value must be a type for name attribute The attribute value is the wrong type for the attribute.

Value for name attribute must be in the range from n to n The attribute’s numeric value is out of the specified range.

Value for name attribute is not one of the allowed choices The attribute’s value must match a value from the pop-up

menu of valid choices.

Value for name attribute must be unique A Unique ID value must be unique for all elements in the document or book.

Value required for name attribute The attribute does not have a required value.

tag excluded in this element The tag element is not allowed because of an exclusion rule for the parent or one of its

ancestors.

tag not permitted in this element The tag element is not allowed anywhere in the parent element.

tag not valid at this position The tag element is allowed in the parent element but not at the current location.

Correct errors in elements

After you have identified errors in elements and attributes, use the Element Catalog and Structure View as guides for correcting them:

• To correct an element in an invalid location, move the element to a valid location, or change it to an element that is

valid for its current location.

You can select an invalid element, or if you’re validating, FrameMaker XML Author selects the element for you. When the element is selected, the Element Catalog shows which elements are valid at that location.

li or ListItem is valid at this location.

• To correct an element with invalid contents (with the text snippet <INVALID CONTENT>), change it to an element

that allows those contents.

• To correct a structure with a missing child element, insert the required element.

You can click where an element is missing, or if you’re validating, FrameMaker XML Author places the insertion point there for you. When the insertion point is at the location of the missing element, the Element Catalog shows which elements are valid at that location.

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Title is required at this location.

• To correct an invalid attribute value, change the value to one that is valid for the attribute.

• To remove an undefined attribute, select the element with the undefined attribute, open the Attributes dialog box,

select the attribute, and click Delete Attribute. In the next dialog box that appears, remove the attribute for the current element or for all elements that have the attribute.

• To resolve a cross-reference with an invalid ID, select the cross-reference, choose Special > Cross-Reference, and

change to a source that has a valid ID.

Search for items

Searching documents and books

If you are searching in a document (Edit > Find/Change), FrameMaker XML Author begins searching at the insertion point and continues through the document. It searches only pages of the type the insertion point is on—for example, only body, master, or reference pages. When FrameMaker XML Author reaches the end of the document, it continues the search at the beginning. After searching the main text flow, it searches other text in the document. Because FrameMaker XM L Author searches flow by flow rather than page by page, it sometimes appe ars to jump around within the document while searching.

If you are searching throughout a book, FrameMaker XML Author begins searching from the active document, or from the first document of the book if the book window is active, and continues searching until all documents in the book have been searched. If a document cannot be opened, the document is skipped and a message appears in the Book Error Log.

Note: When you are searching through a book, bookmap, or DITA map, you cannot search the master or reference pages.

In addition to text, you can search for any of the following items in a selection, in a document, or throughout an entire book. You can also search in a map from the Resource Manager view.

Tex t f orma ts and ta gs Character format properties, or specific paragraph or character tags. In structured FrameMaker

XML Author, Element appears right after text, so you can search for element tag, attribute name, attribute value, or simultaneously for all three.

Markers

Any markers, regardless of their marker types, markers of a specific type, or markers that contain specified text.

Cross-references Any cross-references, regardless of their formats, cross-references that use a specific format, or

unresolved cross-references—cross-references that FrameMaker XML Author is unable to update. When an unresolved cross-reference is found, the marker text of the cross-reference appears in the Find box.

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Tex t i nset s Any text imported by reference. You can also search for unresolved text insets—insets that cannot be

updated from their sources. However, you can’t search for graphics subscribers or OLE linked objects. (To list OLE links, choose Edit > Links.)

Var iabl es Any variables, regardless of their variable names, or specific variables.

Rubi Any rubi text, when Japanese fonts are installed on your system.

Anchored frames Frame that contains graphics and helps you locate them. Graphics placed in non-anchored frames

are not found.

Footnotes Any text or table footnotes.

Tab le s Any tables regardless of their table format tags, or tables with a specific tag.

Conditional text Any conditional text, regardless of its condition tags, text with specific condition tags, or

unconditional text. FrameMaker XML Author cannot find conditional table rows or hidden conditional text.

Automatic hyphen Words that are hyphenated automatically.

Text and character format on the clipboard Text that matches the clipboard text, capitalization, and character

formatting.

More Help topics

“Regular Expression” on page 292

Searching for Unicode text

FrameMaker XML Author uses the UTF-8 encoding format. Therefore, every character in a .fm or XML document containing Unicode-encoded text uses multiple bytes. As a result, only the string entered in the Find field is used to perform the search operation.

Searching in a range is applicable only to Unicode characters, and users can search for any character that belongs to the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP). Unicode code points can also be used for performing search and replace operations. For example, you can provide \uXXXX as the input to locate a character that has code point XXXX. Thus, to search for letter “A” whose code point is u+0041, you can specify \u0041 in the Find/Change dialog box.

A code point is any value in the Unicode codespace, which is a range of integers from 0 to 10FFFF16. This particular range is defined for the codespace in the Unicode standard only. Other character-encoding standards sometimes use other codespaces.

You can also use wildcard characters while searching for Unicode text.

Note: In Asian documents with multibyte characters, the bracket characters [ ] do not work as wildcards.

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Replacing items

When changing items, keep the following in mind:

• If you choo se Change or C hange & Fin d wh en n o text is s ele cte d in the docume nt, Fr ameMake r XM L Aut hor in ser ts

or applies the replacement item at the insertion point.

• The Clone Case option in the Find/Change dialog box maintains the capitalization in the source text. For example,

if you select Clone Case and type tea in the Find box and coffee in the Change box, FrameMaker XML Author replaces tea with coffee and Tea with Coffee.

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• You can type any text, including special characters not found on the keyboard—for example, em spaces and

paragraph symbols.

• You can’t change marker text by using the Find/Change dialog box. If FrameMaker XML Author finds the marker

text you specify, and if you type different text in the Change box and click Change, FrameMaker XML Author replaces the marker—not the marker text—with the text in the Change box. To change marker text, use the Special > Marker command.

Search for backslashes and wildcard characters

You can enter any characters in the Find/Change box. However, the following characters require special treatment:

• For backslashes, specify two backslashes (\\) in the box. A single backslash usually indicates a special character.

• For wildcard characters used as ordinary characters, when the Use Wildcards option is selected, precede the

wildcard character with a backslash in the box.

More Help topics

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“Regular Expression” on page 292

Search for character format properties

1 Copy the text with the character format you want to find. FrameMaker XML Author uses only the first 126

characters copied into the clipboard.

2 Select Edit > Find/Change. In the Find/Change d ialo g box, choose Text & Character For mats In C lipboard from the

Find pop-up menu. Don’t type the text you want to find in the Find box.

3 Click Find.

To prevent FrameMaker XML Author from applying a property to found text, set the property to As Is.

After making some changes in the Change To Character Format dialog box, you can reset the dialog box to match the format of the current text by pressing Ctrl+Shift+F9.

Search for special characters and nonprinting symbols

You can search for any text, including single characters, phrases, and special characters that aren’t on your keyboard. You’ll need to type the backslash sequence.

For example, you could find empty paragraphs by searching for \P\p (beginning of paragraph followed by end of paragraph).

You can use most of these sequences for both searching and replacing—for example, replacing a forced return symbol with an end-of-paragraph symbol. However, you cannot replace with the end-of-flow, start-of-paragraph, start-ofword, or end-of-word sequence.

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Search for markers

FrameMaker XML Author uses markers for cross-references, indexes, and other purposes. It can find any type of marker or just the marker type you specify. When text symbols are visible, a symbol

FrameMaker XML Author can also find markers with specific marker text.

1 In the Find/Change dialog box, do one of the following:

indicates a marker.

• To find any marker in the document, choose Any Marker from the Find pop-up menu, and leave the Find box

blank.

• To find a specific type of marker, choose Marker Of Type from the Find pop-up menu, and enter the marker type

in the Find box.

• To find a marker with specific text, choose Marker Text from the Find pop-up menu, and enter the marker text

in the Find box.

2 Click Find. If the Marker dialog box is open (Special > Marker), the marker text for the found marker appears there.

Important: If you want to replace the text in a found marker, use the Marker dialog box to edit the marker text. If you use the Find/Change dialog box, you’ll replace the marker rather than the marker text.

Search for conditional text

You can search for visible text that has specific condition tags. When FrameMaker XML Author finds visible conditional text, it selects all adjacent text that uses these condition tags.

FrameMaker XML Author cannot find conditional table rows.

1 Make sure that the text with the condition tags you want to find is visible.

2 In the Find/Change dialog box, choose Conditional Text from the Find pop-up menu.

3 Do the following:

• To find text with a particular condition tag, move the condition tag to the In list.

• To find text that doesn’t have a particular condition tag, move the tag to the Not In scroll list.

• If you don’t care whether found text has a particular tag, move the tag to the As Is scroll list.

• To find all conditional text, move all tags to the As Is scroll list.

• To find unconditional text, select Unconditional.

Note: To move a condition tag between scroll lists, select the tag and click an arrow, or double-click the tag. To move all tags from one scroll list to another, select a tag in the list and Shift-click an arrow.

4 Click Set, and then click Find.

Regular expression search and replace

You can use regular expressions in the WYSIWYG view of structured to search for and replace (substitute) text-based items in a document. This means that you can use regular expressions to search for text, marker text, or paragraph tag. However, this search and replace option is disabled for items such as markers and cross references.

To perform a regular expression search

Use a regular expression to search for dates with the dd-mm-yyyy format in a document.

1 Open the Find / Change dialog.

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2 Enter the following regular expression in the Find box:

[\d]{2}-[\d]{2}-[\d]{4}

3 Choose the Regular Expressions find option and click Find.

To perform a regular expression search and replace

Use a regular expression to search for dates with the dd-mm-yyyy format in a document and replace (substitute) dates found in this format to mm-dd-yyyy

1 Open the Find / Change dialog.

2 Enter the following regular expression in the Find box:

([\d]{2})-([\d]{2})-([\d]{4})

Note: The date, month, year parts of the regular expression are enclosed in parenthesis. This ensures that the regular expression engine remembers these values for each search result.

3 Choose the Regular Expressions find option.

Next, you need to use the regular expression substitution syntax to replace only the parts that you enclosed in parenthesis.

4 In the Change box, enter the following substitution:

$2-$1-$3

$2 is the second (month) enclosed part. $1 is the first (date) enclosed part. So when using the substitution syntax, you interchange the $1 and $2 results from the search.

Configuring the regular expression engine in FrameMaker XML Author

FrameMaker XML Author uses the boost engine for Regex. For more information on Boost, see boost.org.

You can write the regular expressions using the following syntax:

• Perl (default)

• Grep

• Ergrep

By default, you use the Perl regular expression syntax to write regular expressions in FrameMaker XML Author. However, to use either the Grep or Ergrep regular expression syntax, you need to update the RegularExpressionSyntax flag in the maker.ini

Troubleshoot a search

If you don’t find the item even though you’re sure it is there, check the Find/Change dialog box for the following possible problems:

• Text s p e l l i ng .

• Number and type of spaces.

• Search options.

• Hidden conditional text.

• Insertion point on master page when searching a master page.

• Selection of Book option when searching entire book.

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Check spelling

FrameMaker XML Author dictionaries

FrameMaker XML Author automatically creates a personal dictionary for you and a document dictionary for each of your documents. You can use either the Spelling Checker or Auto Spell Check options, to add or delete words in these dictionaries, or you can manage the dictionaries directly. When you work with a dictionary directly, you can examine and edit its contents or merge it with another dictionary. You can create multiple personal dictionaries and then use them one at a time.

If you make changes either to a personal or to a document dictionary, mark all paragraphs for rechecking before you spell-check the document again.

You perform many of the following tasks in the Dictionary Functions dialog box.

About FrameMaker XML Author dictionaries

The FrameMaker XML Author Spelling Checker uses several dictionaries to check text for spelling errors. When you spell-check a document, FrameMaker XML Author compares each word in it with the words in the following dictionaries:

• The main dictionary contains words found in a standard dictionary. You can’t add words to or delete words from this

dictionary.

• The default site dictionary contains some technical terms. You can add words common to your site or workgroup—

for example, the company name and product names. The site dictionary is normally in the site.dict file in the FrameMaker XML Author dict folder.

• Yo u r personal dictionary contains words you use often. Because FrameMaker XML Author uses this dictionary

whenever you spell-check any document, use this dictionary for words that are neither document-specific nor sitespecific (for example, your name). You can add or delete words. You can also create several personal dictionaries and switch between them.

• The document dictionary contains words that are acceptable in a particular document. FrameMaker XML Author

uses this dictionary regardless of who is editing the document. You can add words to or delete words from it. Unlike the other dictionaries, the document dictionary is part of the document rather than a separate file.

You have editorial control over your document, personal, and site dictionaries. You can choose different dictionaries, merge one dictionary into another, and edit and delete dictionaries.

Dictionaries for other languages

In FrameMaker XML Author, the dictionaries, hyphenation, and Thesaurus are Unicode enabled.

FrameMaker XML Author provides dictionary and hyphenation support for the following languages: Bulgarian, Catalan, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Norwegian, Nynorsk, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish, and Turkish.

Note: By default, dictionaries of all languages supported in FrameMaker XML Author are installed.

FrameMaker XML Author provides full authoring support (without dictionaries and hyphenation) for Japanese, Korean, Traditional Chinese, and Simplified Chinese.

In addition, full authoring support (including language rules, dictionary, hyphenation, and thesaurus) is extended for US English, French, Danish, Dutch, German, Italian, Norwegian, Swedish, Swiss German, Canadian French, and British English.

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Choose Dictionary Functions dialog box

1 Make the appropriate document window or book window active.

2 Choose Edit > Spelling Checker.

3 Click Dictionaries.

Delete the contents of the document dictionary

❖ Choose Clear from the Document Dictionary pop-up menu and click OK.

Locate a personal dictionary

❖ To find the name of the personal dictionary, choose Edit > Spelling Checker, and then click Dictionaries.

Import dictionary entries

1 Select Edit > Spelling Checker and click Dictionaries.

2 Select Import Dictionary from the Personal Dictionary pop-up menu and click OK.

3 Locate or specify the name of the file that contains the personal dictionary you want to use and click Use.

Check the spelling of a document without using the personal dictionary

❖ Choose Set To None from the Personal Dictionary pop-up menu and click OK.

Copy the contents of a dictionary to a file

1 Choose Write To File from the Personal Dictionary or Document Dictionary pop-up menu and click OK.

2 Specify the file to which you want to copy the dictionary contents. You can edit this file and then use it as a new

dictionary.

If a book window is active when you choose this command, the document dictionaries are copied to a single file.

Merge the contents of a dictionary with the current personal or document dictionary

1 Choose Merge From File from the Personal Dictionary or Document Dictionary pop-up menu and click OK.

2 Specify the file you want to merge with the current dictionary.

You can use the Merge From File command to merge a single dictionary into multiple book files so that all the files in your book share the same dictionary.

Create another personal dictionary

1 Place words, with a hyphen at each hyphenation point, in a document. Type as the first line in the document:

When you save the file, choose Text Only format and click Save. Then click Only Between Paragraphs and click Save.

Change site dictionaries

You can specify a different site dictionary for each of several projects. You can also edit your site dictionary directly.

If FrameMaker XML Author is used across a network at your site, a system administrator probably manages the site dictionary.

❖ Specify the dictionary in the maker.ini file.

Note: Use caution when editing an ini file.

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Edit dictionary files

1 If you’re editing a personal or document dictionary, use FrameMaker XML Author to write the dictionary contents

to a file.

2 Edit the file. If you use FrameMaker XML Author to edit a dictionary, be sure to do the following:

•

When you open the file, select Treat Each Line As A Paragraph in the Reading Text File dialog box and click Read.

•

When you save the file, choose Text Only format and click Save. Then click Only Between Paragraphs and click Save.

3 Merge the dictionary file with another dictionary. If you removed words from the dictionary, delete the original

dictionary before merging the file. Otherwise, the deleted words remain in the dictionary.

Add unknown words to a dictionary

If your document contains many correctly spelled words that FrameMaker XML Author questions, expedite spellchecking by adding the words to a dictionary in a separate operation before you begin to spell-check.

1 Make the appropriate document window or book window active.

2 Choose Edit > Spelling Checker.

3 Click Dictionaries.

4 Click Write All Unknown Words To File and click OK.

5 Specify a filename for the dictionary file, and click OK or Save. The resulting dictionary file doesn’t include typing

errors such as repeated words, capitalization errors, or extra spaces.

6 Edit the dictionary file with a text editor or with FrameMaker XML Author. Delete any words you don’t want to add

to your dictionary, such as misspelled words.

7 In the Spelling Checker dialog box, click Dictionaries.

8 Ch oose Merge From Fil e from the Pe rsonal Dic tionary or Doc ument Dictionary pop-up menu, and click OK. If you

expect the words to appear in several documents, merge the words with a personal dictionary, or merge them into all the files in a book.

9 Name and save the dictionary file.

Note: To add a few words to a dictionary, you can select Learn Word from right click menu. Above method is help if you have many words highlighted by red squiggly line.

Add hyphenated compound words to personal dictionary

A document sometimes contains hyphenated compound words. By default, FrameMaker XML Author spell-checks each word in a hyphenated compound word rather than checking the hyphenated compound word as a whole. For example, when spell-checking the word heavy-duty, FrameMaker XML Author checks heavy and then checks duty. By changing the default settings, you can spell-check hyphenated compound words as single words, and you can add hyphenated compound words to your personal dictionary.

1 Choose Edit > Spelling Checker and click Options.

2 Select Unusual Hyphenation and click Set.

3 In the Word box in the Spelling Checker dialog box, enter the hyphenated compound word you want to add to your

personal dictionary. Include a hyphen at the beginning of the compound word, and type a backslash (\) before each hyphen that connects words.

For example, to add the word heavy-duty, type -heavy\-duty.

4 Click Learn.

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Spelling and typing errors

When correcting errors, keep in mind the following:

• If FrameMaker XML Author questions something that you don’t consider to be a typing error, you can turn off the

option to find that type of potential error. For example, you can stop FrameMaker XML Author from questioning the use of straight quotation marks.

• If Fra meMa ker XML Au thor add s a word that co nta ins upp erca se le tte rs to a per son al or docu ment di ctio nar y, w hen

Unusual Capitalization is selected in the Spelling Checker Options dialog box, it considers any other capitalization of the word a spelling mistake. For example, if FrameMaker XML Author learns Trinidad, it questions the spelling oftrinidad. However, if it learns trinidad, in all lowercase letters, it does not question any type of capitalization of the word.

• FrameMaker XML Author does not spell-check superscript and subscript text or manually micropositioned text,

such as text with a manual baseline shift).

• To correct a typing error (for example, repeated words such as and and), make sure that the correctly typed text is

in the Correction box and click Correct. FrameMaker XML Author lists only one suggestion for mistyped text. If the s uggestion is not corre ct, you can enter the correc t text in the Correc tion box, or t ype it direct ly in the do cument window.

Spell-check a document, book, or map

The Spelling Checker checks for repeated words, unusual hyphenation or capitalization, punctuation errors, straight quotation marks (when curved must be used), and extra spaces. You can spell-check the current page, the open document, the entire book, bookmap or DITA map, or selected files within the book. However, the spell check only checks on pages of the type you are viewing, for example, master pages or body pages.

FrameMaker XML Author begins spell-checking from the active document or from the first document of the book if the book window is active. It continues spell-checking until all documents in the book have been checked. If a document cannot be opened, the document is skipped and a message appears in the Book Error Log. When spellchecking throughout a book, you cannot spell-check master or reference pages.

An alert message prompts you to save the document before continuing with the next document. When the last document in the book has been checked, a Spelling OK or Finished checking spelling message appears.

To check the spelling in specific documents of a book or map, you can select them in the resource manager view, and then choose Selection to spell-check only those files, books, or maps if you decide to spell-check the entire book or map.

FrameMaker XML Author draws a red squiggly line under words, to indicate spelling mistakes—words not present in the dictionary. A green squiggly line under the word indicates a punctuation mistake. To correct, right click on a highlighted word and select the desired option.

Note: For the words highlighted in green, the options to add to dictionary are not applicable, and hence are not available.

In FrameMaker XML Author, Auto Spell Check feature is enabled by default. If for some reason you disabled it, you can enable it again by going to File > Preferences > General. This option spell checks the open file as soon as it is turned on.

When you spell-check throughout a book or map, words added to your personal dictionary are applied to all documents. Words added to the document dictionary are used only in the current document, not in any other document in the book. When the Spelling Checker finds a questionable word, it suggests the most likely correction along with some other possibilities.

❖ In the document, choose Edit > Spelling Checker and click Start Checking.

Note: Auto spell check is session specific and not document specific. If the same document is opened on a different machine, settings for Auto spell checker might differ.

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Correct spelling errors automatically

You can have FrameMaker XML Author automatically correct future occurrences of a misspelled word or typing error. FrameMaker XML Author keeps track of the errors to correct automatically until you exit or until you instruct FrameMaker XML Author to stop making the corrections.

Before changing a particular misspelling or typing error automatically, verify the changes to make. If you use the Automatic Correction option when correcting a repeated word, FrameMaker XML Author corrects every repeated word even though some are correct (such as had had). Similarly, if thst is a misspelling of both test and that, you don’t want to change it automatically to either word.

1 Choose Edit > Spelling Checker and click Start Checking.

2 When FrameMaker XML Author questions a word or typing error, select and click Correct.

Spell-check text insets

❖ Open the inset source file and check the spelling there.

Change Spelling Checker options

When you spell-check a document, FrameMaker XML Author also checks for errors that don’t involve spelling—for example, repeated words, extra or misplaced spaces, or unusual capitalization. You can specify the kinds of typing errors to check.

You can also limit the spell-check so that FrameMaker XML Author overlooks certain types of words. For example, perhaps you want to overlook words that contain numbers.

1 Choose Edit > Spelling Checker and click Options.

2 Do the following:

• In the Find area, specify the kinds of typing errors you want to find. For example, select Unusual Capitalization

if you want to find words with uppercase letters in inappropriate locations (for example, GReen).

• In the Ignore area, specify the kinds of words you want to overlook. For example, select Words With Digits if you

want to ignore words that contain numbers.

Keep in mind that the more words FrameMaker XML Author overlooks, the greater the possibility that your document contains mistakes. For example, if you choose to ignore words containing a period, you also skip over a sentence that begins without a space after the preceding period.

• If you change the Spelling Checker options and then want to reset the default options, click Get Defaults. If you

exit FrameMaker XML Author without resetting the default options, your current settings become the default options.

3 Click Set.

Recheck after changing Spelling Checker options

FrameMaker XML Author ordinarily rechecks only paragraphs that have been edited since the prior check. If you change options after spell-checking a document, consider running the Spelling Checker again after instructing FrameMaker XML Author to mark all paragraphs for rechecking.

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Assign text to be ignored by Spelling Checker

To ignore certain text, change its Language property to None. For example, perhaps you don’t want to spell-check paragraphs of computer code.

When you set the language of text to None, FrameMaker XML Author no longer provides hyphenation for it.

Check spelling in different languages

All text is assigned a language. When you spell-check, FrameMaker XML Author uses the main dictionary of the language assigned to the text. You can change the language used to spell-check text by changing the language assigned to the text. You can also add Unicode (UTF-8)-encoded words to user and personal dictionaries in FrameMaker XML Author.

The FrameMaker XML Author CD contains dictionaries for all supported languages. However, the default installation contains only one dictionary in a single language.

❖ To change the language of text in a document, use the Language property in the Default Font properties of the

Paragraph Designer to change the language of one of the following:

• A single paragraph, or all the paragraphs in a document.

• A range of text within a paragraph, or the language of a text line.

Note the following about Asian-language documents:

• In an Asian-language document, some special characters are not displayed in the Spelling Checker as they are in a

Western-language document. For example, a backslash is displayed as a yen symbol, and a nonbreaking hyphen is displayed as a blank.

• In an Asian-language document that contains Roman text, make sure that you turn off the Straight Quotes option

in the Spelling Checker dialog box so that the Spelling Checker does not stop on properly spelled words.

Control hyphenation

Wh en y ou ad d a word to a pe rso nal d icti ona ry, Fra meM ake r XML Autho r su gges ts hyph enatio n poi nts . You c an ch ang e them before adding the word. You can also specify that a word is always or never hyphenated. For example, you can hyphenate heavy duty wherever it appears but never hyphenate your company name.

After making hyphenation changes, rehyphenate the document.

For strict control over hyphenation (for example, before printing the final draft of a book), consider searching your document for all hyphens that FrameMaker XML Author has inserted automatically. Choose Automatic Hyphen from

the Find pop-up menu in the Find/Change dialog box.

Change word hyphenation

1 Show the hyphenation points of the word.

2 Adjust the hyphenation and click Learn. You can add and delete hyphens as necessary.

Prevent FrameMaker XML Author from hyphenating a word

1 Enter the word in the Correction box.

2 Click Show Hyphenation.

3 Remove all hyphens from the word.

4 Insert a hyphen at the beginning of the word.

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5 Click Learn.

Rehyphenate an entire document

1 Make the appropriate document window or book window active.

2 Choose Edit > Spelling Checker.

3 Click Dictionaries.

4 Select Rehyphenate Document and click OK. This option works for an open document.

In case of a book file, select Rehyphenate All Files In Book and then click OK.

Use the Thesaurus

Look up words in the Thesaurus

Use the Thesaurus to look up synonyms, related words, and antonyms for words you specify. The Thesaurus lets you improve on a word already in a document or search for the right word to insert.

You can look up any one of the words from the first pass and display its synonyms, related words, and antonyms. FrameMaker XML Author keeps a history of the last 10 words you looked up.

If more information is available than fits, you can use the arrow buttons at the bottom of the dialog box to view the additional information. FrameMaker XML Author displays the synonyms, antonyms, and related words with capitalization that matches the capitalization of the word you looked up.

You can look up words in the following ways:

• To look up a word visible in the document window, select the word and choose Edit > Thesaurus.

• To look up a word not visible in the document window, make sure that no text is selected, then choose Edit >

Thesaurus. Enter the word and click Look Up.

• To look up a phrase, make sure that no text is selected and choose Edit > Thesaurus. Enter the phrase, including any

hyphens, in the Thesaurus Look Up dialog box, and click Look Up

Note: If you try to specify a phrase by selecting it in the document window, FrameMaker XML Author looks up only the first selected word.

• To look up a synonym, a related word, or an antonym displayed in the Thesaurus dialog box, click the word.

Synonyms, related words, and antonyms are shown in bold.

• To look up a word again, choose the word from the Word pop-up menu in the Thesaurus dialog box.

Choose a language for the Thesaurus

FrameMaker XML Author uses the language of the current text. If a word isn’t selected or the insertion point isn’t in a paragraph, FrameMaker XML Author uses the language of the interface you chose when you installed FrameMaker XML Author. You can override the default language in new documents by creating your own template for custom new documents.

The Thesaurus for a language is installed along with the dictionary for that language.

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Specify a different language when looking up a word

1 Click Look Up in the Thesaurus dialog box.

2 Enter the word you want to look up, choose a language, and click Look Up.

Insert a word from the Thesaurus into the document

1 Do one of the following:

• To add the word, place an insertion point in the document.

• To replace a word in the document, select the word.

2 Control-click the word in the Thesaurus dialog box and click Replace.

More Help topics

“Check spelling” on page 81

Multiple Undo/Redo

You can undo or redo multiple actions in FrameMaker XML Author. However some actions cannot be undone and you are prompted to confirm the action.

Undo and Redo commands

A Redo icon appears in the toolbar, next to the Undo icon . Click this button to redo the most recently undone action in the current document.

A Redo command also appears in the Edit menu and in context menus, under the Undo command, showing the most recent redoable command in the current document.

The Edit menu displays the last command as well as the last command that has been undone.

If no action is available for Undo or Redo in the current document, the corresponding menu options and toolbar buttons are unavailable (dimmed).

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The History command opens the command History panel, which allows you to undo or redo an action other than the most recent one, along with all of the subsequent actions.

Document-level command history

FrameMaker XML Author maintains a history of undoable commands, so that you can select one or more recent commands to undo or redo.

The command history is available through the Edit menu and context menus. The command history is kept separately for each document, so undoing or redoing an operation in one document does not change the undo capability of another open document.

Cursor movement and object selection actions are not undoable, but when a previous state is restored, it includes the original cursor location and object selection state.

Commands that affect an external file (such as Spelling Checker commands that update the user dictionary) cannot be undone.

Repeat Last Operation

FrameMaker XML Author features a powerful Repeat Last Operation feature that makes it easy for you to repeat the previous operation, when working on a FrameMaker XML Author document.

Repeat Last Operation can be performed on a document at the following locations:

• The current insertion point

• The current text selection

• The current object selection

To perform the Repeat operation, select Edit > Repeat [operation/object name] from the FrameMaker XML Author menu.

In addition, you can view the history buffer by selecting Edit > History from the FrameMaker XML Author menu.

Click once on an entry in the buffer to perform it. Click once more on the entry to undo the operation.

Repeat Last Operation can be performed for the following actions on the document:

• Typing: Repeat Last Operation history buffer remembers the last chunk of characters that were typed. The typing

sequence is broken when:

• The user clicks in the document.

• The user switches between tabbed documents.

• Paste: Repeat Last Operation can repeat the last paste operation at the current cursor location for both text and

graphic objects in the clipboard. The list of graphic objects that can be pasted with Repeat Last Operation, are as follows: Aframe, Arc, Ellipse, Group, Inset, Line, Math, Polygon, Polyline, Rectangle, Rounded Rectangle, TextFrame, TextLine, Unanchored Frame.

Note: The copy operation is not repeatable.

• Delete: Repeat Last Operation can repeat deletion of both text as well as graphical objects.

Note: If you delete multiple characters and then use Repeat Last Operation, only a single character is deleted.

Note: Character deletion and object deletion operations are interchangeable. If you delete a character and then perform

a Repeat Last Operation on a graphic object, the graphic object is also deleted.

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• Insert Graphic Objects: Repeat Last Operation can reinsert the last inserted graphic object at the current cursor

location. This operation works across documents.

The list of graphic objects that can be inserted are as follows:

Aframe, Arc, Ellipse, Group, Inset, Line, Math, Polygon, Polyline, Rectangle, Rounded Rectangle, TextFrame, TextLine, Unanchored Frame.

• Insert Table: You can use Repeat Last Operation to reinsert the last inserted table at the current cursor location.

• Set Object Properties: When you apply the Repeat Last Operation command to set object properties, FrameMaker

XML Author applies the last specified object properties to the new object.

• Insert Footnote/Anchored Frame: You can use the Repeat Last Operation command to insert a previously inserted

Footnote/Anchored Frame at the current cursor position.

• Find/Change: When you apply the Repeat Last Operation command to the Find/Change procedure, FrameMaker

XML Author performs the last Find/Change operation on any further occurrences of the specified text.

•

Apply Conditional Text: Repeat Last Operation can repeat the last applied conditional tag to the currently selected text.

The shortcut key for the Repeat Last Operation action is F6. Repeat Last Operation is session-specific and not document specific.

Repeat Last Operation actions can be turned off by editing maker.ini. Edit the following entries:

• RepeatTypingEnabled: By default this entry is set to ON. Set this entry to OFF to disable the repeat typing operation.

• RepeatEnabled: By default this entry is set to ON. Set this entry to OFF to disable the repeat last operation actions.

Note: Use caution when editing an ini file.

History panel

The Edit > Undo and Redo menus show the most recent command, but a complete command history is available in the History panel, available from Edit history is shown only for the active document.

In the History panel, the most recent command is highlighted. Commands listed above the most recent are undoable. Commands listed below the most recent are redoable, and are marked with an asterisk (*).

> History. This panel allows you to select an action to undo or redo. The command

The History panel shows a list of commands that have been performed as well as those that have been undone.

You can undo and redo actions only in the order in which they were originally performed. When you select a command to undo, all later commands (which have been affected by the selected action) are also undone. FrameMaker XML Author also moves the selected command and all succeeding commands to the Redo list. Similarly, redoing a command moves it and subsequent commands back to the Undo list.

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Equations

You can insert an equation into a document:

“Using the FrameMaker XML Author Equation Pod” on page 91

“Using the MathFlow editor from Design Science” on page 122

Using the FrameMaker XML Author Equation Pod

You can insert an equation element inline with paragraph text or in a separate display paragraph.

An equation element provides a frame with an equation object into which you can enter mathematical expressions. Like an anchored frame for graphics, an equation frame is anchored to a specific location in text.

Placing and displaying equations

Inline and display equations

Suppose that the axes of an ellipse lie

along the lines The ellipse is

represented by the following equation.

x = x .

xx0–

----------------------

---------------------------

yy0–

()

1=+

A. Inline equation B. Display equation

An equation element appears in the document structure where it is anchored to text, regardless of the equation position on the page. In the Structure View, a square-cornered bubble with the snippet <EQUATION> indicates an equation element. The equation itself is not part of the structure.

Equation element

If you export to SGML or XML, FrameMaker XML Author writes the equation to a separate file (MIF format). Then FrameMaker XML Author adds an entity reference to it from your SGML or XML file.

You can change the file format for equations using a read/write rule. If you change the file format to CGM, FrameMaker XML Author keeps a track of equations and their respective file names. Saving the equation multiple times, still saves it to its one file, instead of creating multiple files as in FrameMaker 9.

For example:

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New behavior Old behavior

Equation 1 is saved in file say eq1.mif

Editing the FrameMaker XML Author content and subsequently saving the file, saves equation 1 to the same

eq1.mif.

FrameMaker XML Author does NOT create new files on every save for the same equation.

Equation 1 is saved in file say eq1.mif

Editing the FrameMaker XML Author content and subsequently saving the file, creates a new file say eq2.mif for the same equation

FrameMaker XML Author creates new files on every save for the same equation.

Equations in graphic frames

You can also place an equation in an anchored frame that is already inserted for graphics. Do this to combine the equation with graphic objects. If the anchored frame is an element, the element is part of the document structure. However, the frame contents, including the equation, do not appear in the structure.

An equ ation in an a nchored fra me w ith graph ics sometim es p roduc es u nwanted re sults if y ou exp ort to S GML or XML . In general, if you plan to export to SGML or XML, place only one object in a frame.

Equations panel overview

The Equations panel contains the commands to create and change equations. It also contains the symbols, operators, functions, and other math elements you insert in equations. To display the panel, click the Equations button upper-right in the document window.

at the

A. The Equations pop-up menu appears on every page. B. This part of the panel changes from page to page. C. The names of the pages appear here, with the current page highlighted.

The Equations panel contains nine pages of math elements and commands. To display a page, click its name at the top of the panel.

Symbols Greek characters, atomic symbols, diacritical marks, and strings.

Operators Roots, powers, signs, subscripts, superscripts, and logic symbols.

Large Sums, products, integrals, intersections, and unions.

Delimiters Parentheses, brackets, curly brackets, and substitution.

Relations Equal, less than, greater than, similar to, subset of, superset of, and proportional to.

Calculus Integrals, derivatives, partial derivatives, gradients, and limits.

Matrices Matrices and matrix commands.

Functions Trigonometric, hyperbolic, and logarithmic functions; commands for evaluating expressions; and

commands for creating and applying rules.

Positioning Controls to adjust the position of an expression and the spacing around it, commands to specify alignment,

and commands to set and clear manual line breaks.

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Create equations

To create an equation, insert an equation object in the document and then insert math elements in the equation.

When working with an equation, zoom in until it’s easy to read.

Create an inline equation

1 Click in text where you want to insert the equation. If the text is in a rotated text frame, unrotate the frame first by

selecting the rotated text frame and pressing Esc g 0 (zero).

2 Choose Special > Equations, or click the Equations button at the right side of the document window.

3 On the Equations panel, choose one of the New Equation commands from the Equations pop-up menu. Small,

Medium, and Large specify the font sizes used in the new equation.

A new equation object appears as a question mark in a frame anchored below the line with the insertion point. The first math element that you insert replaces the question mark prompt.

Suppose that the axes of an ellipse lie along the line ¶

New inline equation

4 Insert the math elements in the equation by typing the elements or by clicking items on the Equations panel.

Suppose that the axes of an ellipse lie along the line ¶

Inserted elements

5 Choose Shrink-Wrap Equation from the Equations pop-up menu. This option shrinks the frame around the

equation and places the equation in the line of text at the anchor symbol.

Suppose that the axes of an ellipse lie along the line

Shrink-wrapped inline equation

¶xx

6 If the equation seems too close to the text on either side, insert a space before or after the frame. FrameMaker XML

Author treats the frame that contains an inline equation as a character and doesn’t provide extra space around it.

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7 If the equation is too tall for the line, open up more space above or below the line. Use the Line Spacing pop-up menu

on the formatting bar to turn off fixed line spacing.

Create an equation in a paragraph of its own (a display equation)

1 Click in an empty paragraph.

2 Click the Equations button at the right side of the document window.

3 On the Equations panel, choose one of the New Equation commands from the Equations pop-up menu. Small,

Medium, and Large specify the font sizes used in the new equation.

A new equation object appears as a question mark in a frame anchored below the empty paragraph. The first math element you insert replaces the question mark prompt.

The ellipse is represented by the following equation:¶ ¶

New equation in anchored frame

4 Insert the math elements in the equation by typing the elements or by clicking items on the Equations panel.

The ellipse is represented by the following equation:¶ ¶

--------------------

Inserted elements

–

--------------------

–

1=+

5 Choose Shrink-Wrap Equation from the Equations pop-up menu. This option shrinks the frame around the

equation and places the equation in the empty paragraph.

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The ellipse is represented by the following equation:

–

1=+

–

--------------------

Shrink-wrapped equation in its own paragraph

--------------------

Create an equation in a graphic frame with other objects

1 Click the Equations button at the right side of the document window.

2 Select a graphic frame or an object in a graphic frame.

3 On the Equations panel, choose one of the New Equation commands from the Equations pop-up menu. Small,

Medium, and Large specify the font sizes used in the new equation.

A new equation object appears as a question mark inside the frame. The first math element you insert replaces the question mark prompt.

Its horizontal axis is 12 units long. Its vertical axis is 7 units long. ¶

New equation object

4 Insert the math elements in the equation by typing the elements or by clicking items on the Equations panel.

5 To place the equation exactly where you want it, first select it by Control-clicking the equation.

6 Move the equation by doing one of the following:

• Drag it with the mouse.

• Move it with the arrow keys.

• Position it precisely with the Graphics > Object Properties command.

More Help topics

“Move an object” on page 153

“Create equations in structured documents using elements” on page 120

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Macromedia FrameMaker - 12.0 XML Author Instruction Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Legal notices

Contents

Chapter 1: Getting Started

Activation and registration

Install the software

Help with installation

License activation

Register

Help and support

Adobe Community Help

Services, downloads, and extras

Adobe Exchange

Adobe downloads

Adobe Labs

Adobe forums

Adobe TV

FrameMaker Developer Center

Other resources

Services, downloads, and extras

Adobe downloads

Adobe Labs

Adobe TV

Chapter 2: About FrameMaker XML Author

Author

Collaborate

Review

Feature Overview

Feature List

Chapter 3: FrameMaker XML Author Basics

User interface

Basics

The Welcome screen

Workspace overview

Icons

Use your own icons

Preferences dialog

General preferences

Interface preferences

Alerts

Pods

Launch

Dropbox

Documentum®

Sharepoint

Dictionary

Spelling options

MathML

Tabbed documents

Tips on working with the new interface

Using Smart catalogs

To use the Smart catalog

To use the Hierarchical Element insert

Customize and manage workspaces

Save a custom workspace

Switch workspaces

Reset a workspace

Rename a custom workspace

Delete a custom workspace

Interface view options

Display pages more quickly

Change the preset display units

Change the spacing of ruler or grid intervals

Show or hide visual guides

Text symbols

Display a subset of menu commands

Display a high-contrast workspace

Use status bar controls

Zoom in and out

Turn pages and set scrolling

Go to another page

Using toolbar shortcuts

Using pods

About pods

Close pods and tab groups

About the pod list area

Setting pod location criteria