Macromedia Flash ActionScript - MX 2004 User Guide

ActionScript Language Reference

Trademarks

Add Life to the Web, Afterburner, Aftershock, Andromedia, Allaire, Animation PowerPack, Aria, Attain, Authorware, Authorware Star, Backstage, Bright Tiger, Clustercats, ColdFusion, Contribute, Design In Motion, Director, Dream Templates, Dreamweaver, Drumbeat 2000, EDJE, EJIPT, Extreme 3D, Fireworks, Flash, Flash Lite, Flex, Fontographer, FreeHand, Generator, HomeSite, JFusion, JRun, Kawa, Know Your Site, Knowledge Objects, Knowledge Stream, Knowledge Track, LikeMinds, Lingo, Live Effects, MacRecorder Logo and Design, Macromedia, Macromedia Action!, Macromedia Breeze, Macromedia Flash, Macromedia M Logo and Design, Macromedia Spectra, Macromedia xRes Logo and Design, MacroModel, Made with Macromedia, Made with Macromedia Logo and Design, MAGIC Logo and Design, Mediamaker, Movie Critic, Open Sesame!, Roundtrip, Roundtrip HTML, Shockwave, Sitespring, SoundEdit, Titlemaker, UltraDev, Web Design 101, what the web can be, and Xtra are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Macromedia, Inc. and may be registered in the United States or in other jurisdictions including internationally. Other product names, logos, designs, titles, words, or phrases mentioned within this publication may be trademarks, service marks, or trade names of Macromedia, Inc. or other entities and may be registered in certain jurisdictions including internationally.

Third-Party Information

This guide contains links to third-party websites that are not under the control of Macromedia, and Macromedia is not responsible for the content on any linked site. If you access a third-party website mentioned in this guide, then you do so at your own risk. Macromedia provides these links only as a convenience, and the inclusion of the link does not imply that Macromedia endorses or accepts any responsibility for the content on those third-party sites.

Speech compression and decompression technology licensed from Nellymoser, Inc. (www.nellymoser.com).

Sorenson™ Spark™ video compression and decompression technology licensed from Sorenson Media, Inc.

Apple Disclaimer

APPLE COMPUTER, INC. MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, REGARDING THE ENCLOSED COMPUTER SOFTWARE PACKAGE, ITS MERCHANTABILITY OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES IS NOT PERMITTED BY SOME STATES. THE ABOVE EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. THIS WARRANTY PROVIDES YOU WITH SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS. THERE MAY BE OTHER RIGHTS THAT YOU MAY HAVE WHICH VARY FROM STATE TO STATE.

Copyright © 2004 Macromedia, Inc. All rights reserved. This manual may not be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or converted to any electronic or machine-readable form in whole or in part without prior written approval of Macromedia, Inc.

Acknowledgments

Director: Erick Vera

Project Management: Julee Burdekin, Erick Vera

Writing: Jay Armstrong, Jody Bleyle, Mary Burger, Francis Cheng, Jen deHaan, Stephanie Gowin, Phillip Heinz, Shimul Rahim, Samuel R. Neff

Managing Editor: Rosana Francescato

Editing: Mary Ferguson, Mary Kraemer, Noreen Maher, Antonio Padial, Lisa Stanziano, Anne Szabla, Barbara Milligan

Production Management: Patrice O’Neill

Media Design and Production: Adam Barnett, Christopher Basmajian, Aaron Begley, John Francis

Second Edition: June 2004 Macromedia, Inc.

600 Townsend St. San Francisco, CA 94103

CHAPTER 1: Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Sample entry for most ActionScript elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Sample entry for classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Examples Folder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

CHAPTER 2: ActionScript Language Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

–– (decrement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

++ (increment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

! (logical NOT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

!= (inequality) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

!== (strict inequality) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

% (modulo). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

%= (modulo assignment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

& (bitwise AND) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

&& (logical AND) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

&= (bitwise AND assignment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

() (parentheses) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

– (minus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

* (multiplication) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

*= (multiplication assignment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

, (comma) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

. (dot) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

: (type) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

?: (conditional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

/ (division). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

// (comment delimiter) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

/* (comment delimiter) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

/= (division assignment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

[] (array access) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

^ (bitwise XOR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

^= (bitwise XOR assignment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

{} (object initializer). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

| (bitwise OR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

|| (logical OR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

|= (bitwise OR assignment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

~ (bitwise NOT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

+ (addition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

+= (addition assignment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

< (less than). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

<< (bitwise left shift) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

<<= (bitwise left shift and assignment). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

<= (less than or equal to) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

= (assignment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

-= (subtraction assignment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

== (equality) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

=== (strict equality) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

> (greater than) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

>= (greater than or equal to) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

>> (bitwise right shift) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

>>= (bitwise right shift and assignment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

>>> (bitwise unsigned right shift) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

>>>= (bitwise unsigned right shift and assignment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Accessibility class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Accessibility.isActive() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Accessibility.updateProperties() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

_accProps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

arguments object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

arguments.callee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

arguments.caller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

arguments.length. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Array(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Array class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Array.concat() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Array.join() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Array.length. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Array.pop() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Array.push() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Array.reverse() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Array.shift() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Array.slice() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Array.sort() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Array.sortOn() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Array.splice() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Array.toString() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Array.unshift() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

asfunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Boolean(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Boolean class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Boolean.toString(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Boolean.valueOf() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

break . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Button class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Button._alpha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Button.enabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Button._focusrect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

Button.getDepth(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

4 Contents

Button._height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Button.menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Button._name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Button.onDragOut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Button.onDragOver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Button.onKeyDown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Button.onKeyUp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Button.onKillFocus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

Button.onPress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Button.onRelease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Button.onReleaseOutside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Button.onRollOut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

Button.onRollOver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Button.onSetFocus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

Button._parent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Button._quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

Button._rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Button._soundbuftime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Button.tabEnabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

Button.tabIndex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Button._target. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Button.trackAsMenu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Button._url . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Button.useHandCursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Button._visible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Button._width. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

Button._x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

Button._xmouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

Button._xscale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

Button._y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

Button._ymouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

Button._yscale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

Camera class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Camera.activityLevel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Camera.bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Camera.currentFps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Camera.fps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Camera.get() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

Camera.height. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Camera.index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

Camera.motionLevel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Camera.motionTimeOut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Camera.muted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Camera.name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Camera.names. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Camera.onActivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

Camera.onStatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Camera.quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Camera.setMode(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Camera.setMotionLevel() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

Contents 5

Camera.setQuality() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

Camera.width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

clearInterval() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

Color class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

Color.getRGB(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Color.getTransform(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Color.setRGB() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

Color.setTransform() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

ContextMenu class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

ContextMenu.builtInItems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

ContextMenu.copy(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

ContextMenu.customItems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

ContextMenu.hideBuiltInItems() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

ContextMenu.onSelect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

ContextMenuItem class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

ContextMenuItem.caption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

ContextMenuItem.copy() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

ContextMenuItem.enabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

ContextMenuItem.onSelect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

ContextMenuItem.separatorBefore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

ContextMenuItem.visible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

continue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

CustomActions class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

CustomActions.get() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

CustomActions.install(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

CustomActions.list() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

CustomActions.uninstall(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

Date class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

Date.getDate() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

Date.getDay() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Date.getFullYear() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Date.getHours() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Date.getMilliseconds() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Date.getMinutes() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

Date.getMonth() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Date.getSeconds() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Date.getTime() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

Date.getTimezoneOffset(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

Date.getUTCDate() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

Date.getUTCDay() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Date.getUTCFullYear() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

Date.getUTCHours() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

Date.getUTCMilliseconds() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

Date.getUTCMinutes(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

Date.getUTCMonth(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

Date.getUTCSeconds() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Date.getYear() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

Date.setDate() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

6 Contents

Date.setFullYear() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Date.setHours(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

Date.setMilliseconds(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Date.setMinutes() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

Date.setMonth() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

Date.setSeconds() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266

Date.setTime() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

Date.setUTCDate(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Date.setUTCFullYear() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

Date.setUTCHours() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270

Date.setUTCMilliseconds(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

Date.setUTCMinutes() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

Date.setUTCMonth() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

Date.setUTCSeconds() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

Date.setYear() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

Date.toString() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

Date.UTC() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

default. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

delete. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

do while . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

duplicateMovieClip() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

dynamic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

else . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

else if . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

#endinitclip. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

Error class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

Error.message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

Error.name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

Error.toString() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

escape() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

eval() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

extends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

false. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

_focusrect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

for..in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

fscommand() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308

Function class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

Function.apply() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

Function.call(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

get . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

getProperty() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

getTimer(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

getURL(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

getVersion(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

_global object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

gotoAndPlay() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

gotoAndStop() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

if . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

Contents 7

implements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

import. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

#include . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330

Infinity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

#initclip. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

instanceof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

intrinsic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

isFinite() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

isNaN(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340

Key class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341

Key.addListener() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

Key.BACKSPACE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

Key.CAPSLOCK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346

Key.CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

Key.DELETEKEY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

Key.DOWN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

Key.END . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350

Key.ENTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351

Key.ESCAPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352

Key.getAscii() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353

Key.getCode() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354

Key.HOME. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

Key.INSERT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

Key.isDown() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

Key.isToggled() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358

Key.LEFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

Key.onKeyDown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

Key.onKeyUp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362

Key.PGDN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

Key.PGUP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

Key.removeListener(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

Key.RIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

Key.SHIFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

Key.SPACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

Key.TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

Key.UP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

_level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

loadMovie(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372

loadMovieNum(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374

loadVariables(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

loadVariablesNum(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378

LoadVars class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

LoadVars.addRequestHeader() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382

LoadVars.contentType . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

LoadVars.decode() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

LoadVars.getBytesLoaded() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386

LoadVars.getBytesTotal(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

LoadVars.load() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389

LoadVars.loaded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391

8 Contents

LoadVars.onData. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392

LoadVars.onLoad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

LoadVars.send(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395

LoadVars.sendAndLoad() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397

LoadVars.toString() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399

LocalConnection class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400

LocalConnection.allowDomain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403

LocalConnection.allowInsecureDomain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406

LocalConnection.close() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408

LocalConnection.connect() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

LocalConnection.domain() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412

LocalConnection.onStatus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

LocalConnection.send() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417

Math class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419

Math.abs(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

Math.acos() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422

Math.asin() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423

Math.atan(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424

Math.atan2(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

Math.ceil() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426

Math.cos(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427

Math.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428

Math.exp() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

Math.floor() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430

Math.log(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

Math.LN2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

Math.LN10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433

Math.LOG2E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434

Math.LOG10E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435

Math.max() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436

Math.min() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

Math.PI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438

Math.pow(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

Math.random() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

Math.round() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

Math.sin() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442

Math.sqrt() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

Math.SQRT1_2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

Math.SQRT2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445

Math.tan(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446

Microphone class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447

Microphone.activityLevel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

Microphone.gain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450

Microphone.get() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

Microphone.index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453

Microphone.muted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454

Microphone.name. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455

Microphone.names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456

Microphone.onActivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457

Microphone.onStatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458

Contents 9

Microphone.rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460

Microphone.setGain(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

Microphone.setRate() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

Microphone.setSilenceLevel() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464

Microphone.setUseEchoSuppression(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466

Microphone.silenceLevel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468

Microphone.silenceTimeOut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470

Microphone.useEchoSuppression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472

MMExecute() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

Mouse class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475

Mouse.addListener() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476

Mouse.hide(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478

Mouse.onMouseDown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479

Mouse.onMouseMove. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481

Mouse.onMouseUp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483

Mouse.onMouseWheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484

Mouse.removeListener() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486

Mouse.show() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488

MovieClip class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

MovieClip._alpha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494

MovieClip.attachAudio(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495

MovieClip.attachMovie() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497

MovieClip.beginFill() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498

MovieClip.beginGradientFill() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499

MovieClip.clear() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503

MovieClip.createEmptyMovieClip() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504

MovieClip.createTextField() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505

MovieClip._currentframe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507

MovieClip.curveTo() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508

MovieClip._droptarget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510

MovieClip.duplicateMovieClip(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511

MovieClip.enabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512

MovieClip.endFill(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513

MovieClip.focusEnabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514

MovieClip._focusrect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515

MovieClip._framesloaded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516

MovieClip.getBounds() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517

MovieClip.getBytesLoaded() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519

MovieClip.getBytesTotal(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520

MovieClip.getDepth(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521

MovieClip.getInstanceAtDepth() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522

MovieClip.getNextHighestDepth() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523

MovieClip.getSWFVersion() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524

MovieClip.getTextSnapshot() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525

MovieClip.getURL() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527

MovieClip.globalToLocal() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528

MovieClip.gotoAndPlay() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530

MovieClip.gotoAndStop(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531

MovieClip._height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532

MovieClip.hitArea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533

10 Contents

MovieClip.hitTest() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534

MovieClip.lineStyle() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536

MovieClip.lineTo() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537

MovieClip.loadMovie(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538

MovieClip.loadVariables() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540

MovieClip.localToGlobal() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542

MovieClip._lockroot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543

MovieClip.menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546

MovieClip.moveTo() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547

MovieClip._name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548

MovieClip.nextFrame(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549

MovieClip.onData . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550

MovieClip.onDragOut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552

MovieClip.onDragOver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553

MovieClip.onEnterFrame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554

MovieClip.onKeyDown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555

MovieClip.onKeyUp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557

MovieClip.onKillFocus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558

MovieClip.onLoad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559

MovieClip.onMouseDown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561

MovieClip.onMouseMove. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562

MovieClip.onMouseUp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563

MovieClip.onPress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564

MovieClip.onRelease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565

MovieClip.onReleaseOutside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566

MovieClip.onRollOut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567

MovieClip.onRollOver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568

MovieClip.onSetFocus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569

MovieClip.onUnload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570

MovieClip._parent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571

MovieClip.play(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572

MovieClip.prevFrame() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573

MovieClip._quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574

MovieClip.removeMovieClip() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575

MovieClip._rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576

MovieClip.setMask(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577

MovieClip._soundbuftime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578

MovieClip.startDrag(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579

MovieClip.stop(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580

MovieClip.stopDrag() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581

MovieClip.swapDepths(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582

MovieClip.tabChildren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583

MovieClip.tabEnabled. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584

MovieClip.tabIndex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585

MovieClip._target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586

MovieClip._totalframes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587

MovieClip.trackAsMenu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588

MovieClip.unloadMovie(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589

MovieClip._url . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590

MovieClip.useHandCursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591

Contents 11

MovieClip._visible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592

MovieClip._width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593

MovieClip._x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594

MovieClip._xmouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595

MovieClip._xscale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596

MovieClip._y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597

MovieClip._ymouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598

MovieClip._yscale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599

MovieClipLoader class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600

MovieClipLoader.addListener() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602

MovieClipLoader.getProgress() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603

MovieClipLoader.loadClip() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604

MovieClipLoader.onLoadComplete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607

MovieClipLoader.onLoadError . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609

MovieClipLoader.onLoadInit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611

MovieClipLoader.onLoadProgress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613

MovieClipLoader.onLoadStart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615

MovieClipLoader.removeListener() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617

MovieClipLoader.unloadClip() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619

NaN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620

-Infinity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621

NetConnection class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622

NetConnection.connect() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624

NetStream class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625

NetStream.bufferLength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627

NetStream.bufferTime. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628

NetStream.bytesLoaded. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629

NetStream.bytesTotal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631

NetStream.close() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633

NetStream.currentFps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634

NetStream.onStatus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635

NetStream.pause(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637

NetStream.play(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638

NetStream.seek(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640

NetStream.setBufferTime() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641

NetStream.time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642

new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643

newline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644

nextFrame(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645

nextScene() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646

null . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647

Number() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648

Number class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650

Number.MAX_VALUE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652

Number.MIN_VALUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653

Number.NaN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654

Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655

Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656

Number.toString(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657

Number.valueOf() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658

12 Contents

Object() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659

Object class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660

Object.addProperty() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662

Object.constructor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665

Object.__proto__ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666

Object.registerClass() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667

Object.__resolve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668

Object.toString(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672

Object.unwatch() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674

Object.valueOf() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675

Object.watch() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676

on() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678

onClipEvent() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680

onUpdate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682

_parent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684

parseFloat() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685

parseInt(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686

play(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688

prevFrame(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689

prevScene() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690

print() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691

printAsBitmap() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693

printAsBitmapNum() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695

PrintJob class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697

PrintJob.addPage() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699

PrintJob.send() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703

PrintJob.start() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704

printNum(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706

private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707

public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709

_quality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710

removeMovieClip() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711

return . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712

_root . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713

Selection class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714

Selection.addListener() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715

Selection.getBeginIndex() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716

Selection.getCaretIndex() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717

Selection.getEndIndex() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718

Selection.getFocus(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720

Selection.onSetFocus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721

Selection.removeListener(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723

Selection.setFocus(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 724

Selection.setSelection() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726

set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727

set variable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729

setInterval() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731

setProperty() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734

SharedObject class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735

SharedObject.clear() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737

Contents 13

SharedObject.data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738

SharedObject.flush() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740

SharedObject.getLocal() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742

SharedObject.getSize() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745

SharedObject.onStatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746

Sound class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748

Sound.attachSound(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750

Sound.duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 751

Sound.getBytesLoaded() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753

Sound.getBytesTotal() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755

Sound.getPan() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 756

Sound.getTransform() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 758

Sound.getVolume() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760

Sound.id3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762

Sound.loadSound() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765

Sound.onID3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766

Sound.onLoad. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767

Sound.onSoundComplete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768

Sound.position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769

Sound.setPan() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 770

Sound.setTransform() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771

Sound.setVolume() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773

Sound.start() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 774

Sound.stop() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775

_soundbuftime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776

Stage class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777

Stage.addListener() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778

Stage.align . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779

Stage.height. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780

Stage.onResize. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 781

Stage.removeListener() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782

Stage.scaleMode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783

Stage.showMenu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784

Stage.width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785

startDrag(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786

static . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787

stop(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789

stopAllSounds(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790

stopDrag(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791

String() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792

String class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793

String.charAt() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795

String.charCodeAt() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796

String.concat(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797

String.fromCharCode() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798

String.indexOf() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799

String.lastIndexOf(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800

String.length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801

String.slice() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802

String.split() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804

14 Contents

String.substr() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806

String.substring(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807

String.toLowerCase(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808

String.toUpperCase() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809

" " (string delimiter) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810

super . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811

switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813

System.capabilities object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815

System.capabilities.avHardwareDisable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817

System.capabilities.hasAccessibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818

System.capabilities.hasAudio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819

System.capabilities.hasAudioEncoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820

System.capabilities.hasEmbeddedVideo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821

System.capabilities.hasMP3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822

System.capabilities.hasPrinting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823

System.capabilities.hasScreenBroadcast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 824

System.capabilities.hasScreenPlayback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825

System.capabilities.hasStreamingAudio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 826

System.capabilities.hasStreamingVideo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827

System.capabilities.hasVideoEncoder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828

System.capabilities.isDebugger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829

System.capabilities.language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830

System.capabilities.localFileReadDisable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832

System.capabilities.manufacturer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833

System.capabilities.os . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 834

System.capabilities.pixelAspectRatio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835

System.capabilities.playerType. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836

System.capabilities.screenColor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837

System.capabilities.screenDPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 838

System.capabilities.screenResolutionX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839

System.capabilities.screenResolutionY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 840

System.capabilities.serverString . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841

System.capabilities.version. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842

System.security object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 843

System.security.allowDomain() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844

System.security.allowInsecureDomain(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846

System.security.loadPolicyFile() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848

System class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850

System.exactSettings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851

System.onStatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853

System.setClipboard() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 854

System.showSettings() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855

System.useCodepage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 856

targetPath() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857

TextField.StyleSheet class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 858

TextField.StyleSheet.clear() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 860

TextField.StyleSheet.getStyle() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861

TextField.StyleSheet.getStyleNames() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863

TextField.StyleSheet.load() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 864

TextField.StyleSheet.onLoad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865

Contents 15

TextField.StyleSheet.parseCSS() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866

TextField.StyleSheet.setStyle() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867

TextField.StyleSheet.transform() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869

TextField class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870

TextField.addListener() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873

TextField._alpha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875

TextField.autoSize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876

TextField.background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878

TextField.backgroundColor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879

TextField.border . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880

TextField.borderColor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881

TextField.bottomScroll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 882

TextField.condenseWhite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883

TextField.embedFonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 884

TextField.getDepth() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885

TextField.getFontList() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886

TextField.getNewTextFormat() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887

TextField.getTextFormat() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 888

TextField._height. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 889

TextField.hscroll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 890

TextField.html . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891

TextField.htmlText . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892

TextField.length. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893

TextField.maxChars. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 894

TextField.maxhscroll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895

TextField.maxscroll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896

TextField.menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897

TextField.mouseWheelEnabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898

TextField.multiline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899

TextField._name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900

TextField.onChanged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901

TextField.onKillFocus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902

TextField.onScroller. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903

TextField.onSetFocus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905

TextField._parent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906

TextField.password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907

TextField._quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908

TextField.removeListener() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909

TextField.removeTextField() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910

TextField.replaceSel(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911

TextField.replaceText() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912

TextField.restrict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913

TextField._rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914

TextField.scroll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915

TextField.selectable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916

TextField.setNewTextFormat() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917

TextField.setTextFormat() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 918

TextField.styleSheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920

TextField.tabEnabled. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922

TextField.tabIndex. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923

16 Contents

TextField._target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925

TextField.text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926

TextField.textColor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927

TextField.textHeight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 928

TextField.textWidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 929

TextField.type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 930

TextField._url . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931

TextField.variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932

TextField._visible. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 933

TextField._width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 934

TextField.wordWrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935

TextField._x. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 936

TextField._xmouse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 937

TextField._xscale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 938

TextField._y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939

TextField._ymouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 940

TextField._yscale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941

TextFormat class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942

TextFormat.align . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 945

TextFormat.blockIndent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 946

TextFormat.bold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 947

TextFormat.bullet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 948

TextFormat.color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 949

TextFormat.font . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 950

TextFormat.getTextExtent(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 951

TextFormat.indent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 954

TextFormat.italic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 955

TextFormat.leading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 956

TextFormat.leftMargin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 957

TextFormat.rightMargin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 958

TextFormat.size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 959

TextFormat.tabStops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 960

TextFormat.target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 961

TextFormat.underline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 962

TextFormat.url . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 963

TextSnapshot object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 964

TextSnapshot.findText() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 965

TextSnapshot.getCount(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 966

TextSnapshot.getSelected() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 967

TextSnapshot.getSelectedText() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 968

TextSnapshot.getText() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 970

TextSnapshot.hitTestTextNearPos() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 972

TextSnapshot.setSelectColor() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 974

TextSnapshot.setSelected(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 976

this . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 978

throw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 980

trace() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 982

true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 983

try..catch..finally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 984

typeof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 988

Contents 17

undefined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 989

unescape() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 991

unloadMovie(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 992

unloadMovieNum() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 993

updateAfterEvent() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 994

var . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 995

Video class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 996

Video.attachVideo() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 997

Video.clear() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 998

Video.deblocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 999

Video.height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1000

Video.smoothing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1002

Video.width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1003

void. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1004

while . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1005

with. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1007

XML class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1009

XML.addRequestHeader() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1012

XML.appendChild() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1013

XML.attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1015

XML.childNodes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1016

XML.cloneNode(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1017

XML.contentType. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1019

XML.createElement() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1020

XML.createTextNode() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1021

XML.docTypeDecl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023

XML.firstChild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1024

XML.getBytesLoaded() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1026

XML.getBytesTotal() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1027

XML.hasChildNodes() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1028

XML.ignoreWhite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1029

XML.insertBefore() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1031

XML.lastChild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1032

XML.load() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1034

XML.loaded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1036

XML.nextSibling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1037

XML.nodeName . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1038

XML.nodeType . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1040

XML.nodeValue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1042

XML.onData. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1044

XML.onLoad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1045

XML.parentNode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1046

XML.parseXML() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1047

XML.previousSibling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1048

XML.removeNode() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1049

XML.send(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1050

XML.sendAndLoad() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1051

XML.status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1053

XML.toString() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1055

XML.xmlDecl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1056

18 Contents

XMLNode class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1058

XMLSocket class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1059

XMLSocket.close() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1061

XMLSocket.connect() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1062

XMLSocket.onClose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1064

XMLSocket.onConnect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1065

XMLSocket.onData . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1067

XMLSocket.onXML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1068

XMLSocket.send() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1069

APPENDIX: Deprecated Language Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1071

add . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1072

and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073

Button._highquality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074

call() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075

chr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1076

eq (equal — string specific) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1077

ge (greater than or equal to — string specific) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1078

gt (greater than — string specific) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1079

_highquality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1080

<> (inequality). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1081

ifFrameLoaded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1082

int . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1083

le (less than or equal to — string specific) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1084

length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1085

lt (less than — string specific) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1086

maxscroll. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1087

mbchr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1088

mblength. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1089

mbord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1090

mbsubstring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1091

MovieClip._highquality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1092

ne (not equal — string specific). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1093

not . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1094

or . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1095

ord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1096

random . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1097

scroll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1098

substring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1099

tellTarget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1100

TextField._highquality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1102

toggleHighQuality() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1103

Contents 19

20 Contents

CHAPTER 1

Introduction

This manual describes the syntax and use of ActionScript elements in Macromedia Flash MX 2004 and Macromedia Flash MX Professional 2004. To use examples in a script, copy the code example from this book and paste it into the Script pane or into an external script file. The manual lists all ActionScript elements—operators, keywords, statements, actions, properties, functions, classes, and methods.

Note: The examples are written in ActionScript 2.0, and will be unlikely to compile if you have specified ActionScript 1.0 or Flash Player 5 or earlier in the Flash tab of your FLA file’s Publish Settings dialog box.

There are two types of entries in this manual:

• Individual entries for operators, keywords, functions, variables, properties, methods,

and statements

• Class entries, which provide general information about built-in classes

Use the information in the sample entries to interpret the structure and conventions used in these types of entries.

This chapter contains the following sections:

Sample entry for most ActionScript elements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Sample entry for classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Examples Folder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Sample entry for most ActionScript elements

The following sample entry explains the conventions used for all ActionScript elements that are not classes.

Entry title

Entries are listed alphabetically within a chapter. The alphabetization ignores capitalization, leading underscores, and so on.

Availability

Unless otherwise noted, the Availability section tells which versions of Flash Player support the element. The supported Flash Player version is not the same as the version of Flash used to author the content. For example, if you use Macromedia Flash MX 2004 or Macromedia Flash MX Professional 2004 to create content for Flash Player 6, you can use only ActionScript elements that are available to Flash Player 6.

In a few cases, this section also indicates which version of the authoring tool supports an element. For an example, see System.setClipboard().

If an element is supported only in ActionScript 2.0, that information is also noted in this section.

Usage

This section provides correct syntax for using the ActionScript element in your code. The required portion of the syntax is in information are in

italicized code font. Data types can be distinguished from code that you

provide by the colon (:) that always precedes data type information. Brackets (

code font. Both the code that you provide and data type

[]) indicate

optional parameters.

Parameters

This section describes any parameters listed in the syntax.

Returns

This section identifies what, if any, values the element returns.

Description

This section identifies the type of element (for example, operator, method, function, and so on) and then describes how to use the element.

Example

This section provides a code sample demonstrating how to use the element.

See also

This section lists related ActionScript dictionary entries.

Sample entry for classes

The following sample dictionary entry explains the conventions used for built-in ActionScript classes. .

Entry title

The entry title provides the name of the class. The class name is followed by general descriptive information.

22 Chapter 1: Introduction

Method and property summary tables

Each class entry contains a table listing all of the associated methods. If the class has properties (often constants), event handlers, or event listeners, these elements are summarized in additional tables. All the elements listed in these tables also have their own entries, which follow the class entry.

Constructor

If a class requires that you use a constructor to access its methods and properties, the constructor is described in each class entry. This description has all of the standard elements (usage, description, and so on) of other entries.

Method, property, and event handler listings

The methods, properties, and event handlers of a class are listed alphabetically after the class entry.

Examples Folder

A set of ActionScript example files can be found in the HelpExamples folder in the Flash installation directory. Typical paths to this folder are:

• Windows: \Program Files\Macromedia\Flash MX 2004\Samples\HelpExamples\

• Macintosh: HD/Applications/Macromedia Flash MX 2004/Samples/HelpExamples/

The HelpExamples folder contains a set of FLA files that are complete projects with working ActionScript code. All ActionScript code can be found in the main Timeline of each FLA file or in external ActionScript (.as) files.

Examples Folder 23

24 Chapter 1: Introduction

CHAPTER 2

ActionScript Language Reference

–– (decrement)

Availability

Flash Player 4.

Usage

––expression

expression––

Parameters

expression

Returns

A number.

Description

Operator (arithmetic); a pre-decrement and post-decrement unary operator that subtracts 1 from the

expression. The expression can be a variable, element in an array, or property of an object.

The pre-decrement form of the operator ( returns the result. The post-decrement form of the operator (

expression and returns the initial value of expression (the value prior to the subtraction). For

more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

A number or a variable that evaluates to a number.

––expression) subtracts 1 from expression and

expression––) subtracts 1 from the

Example

The pre-decrement form of the operator decrements x to 2 (x - 1 = 2) and returns the result as y:

var x:Number = 3; var y:Number = --x; //y is equal to 2

The post-decrement form of the operator decrements x to 2 (x - 1 = 2) and returns the original value of

var x:Number = 3; var y:Number = x--; //y is equal to 3

x as the result y:

The following example loops from 10 to 1, and each iteration of the loop decreases the counter variable

for (var i = 10; i>0; i--) {

}

i by 1.

trace(i);

26 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

++ (increment)

Availability

Flash Player 4.

Usage

++expression

expression++

Parameters

expression

Returns

A number.

Description

Operator (arithmetic); a pre-increment and post-increment unary operator that adds 1 to

expression. The expression can be a variable, element in an array, or property of an object.

The pre-increment form of the operator ( result. The post-increment form of the operator ( returns the initial value of

The pre-increment form of the operator increments as

var x:Number = 1; var y:Number = ++x; trace("x:"+x);//traces x:2 trace("y:"+y);//traces y:2

The post-increment form of the operator increments x to 2 (x + 1 = 2) and returns the original value of

var x:Number = 1; var y:Number = x++; trace("x:"+x);//traces x:2 trace("y:"+y);//traces y:1

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

A number or a variable that evaluates to a number.

++expression) adds 1 to expression and returns the

expression++) adds 1 to expression and

expression (the value prior to the addition).

x to 2 (x + 1 = 2) and returns the result

x as the result y:

Example

The following example uses ++ as a post-increment operator to make a while loop run five times:

var i:Number = 0; while (i++<5) {

trace("this is execution "+i); } /* output:

this is execution 1

this is execution 2

this is execution 3

this is execution 4

++ (increment) 27

this is execution 5 */

The following example uses ++ as a pre-increment operator:

var a:Array = []; // var a:Array = new Array(); var i:Number = 0; while (i<10) {

a.push(++i); } trace(a.toString());//traces: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10

This example also uses ++ as a pre-increment operator.

var a:Array = []; for (var i = 1; i<=10; ++i) {

a.push(i); } trace(a.toString());//traces: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10

This script shows the following result in the Output panel:

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10

The following example uses ++ as a post-increment operator in a while loop:

// using a while loop var a:Array = []; // var a:Array = new Array(); var i:Number = 0; while (i<10) {

a.push(i++); } trace(a.toString());//traces 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9

The following example uses ++ as a post-increment operator in a for loop:

// using a for loop var a:Array = []; // var a:Array = new Array(); for (var i = 0; i<10; i++) {

a.push(i); } trace(a.toString());//traces 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9

This script displays the following result in the Output panel:

0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9

28 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

! (logical NOT)

Availability

Flash Player 4.

Usage

!expression

Parameters

expression

Returns

A Boolean value.

Description

Operator (logical); inverts the Boolean value of a variable or expression. If expression is a variable with the absolute or converted value expression

The following expressions illustrate the result of using the logical NOT (!) operator:

!true returns false

!false

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

In the following example, the variable happy is set to false. The if condition evaluates the condition Output panel.

var happy:Boolean = false; if (!happy) {

trace("don’t worry, be happy");//traces don’t worry, be happy }

The statement traces because !false equals true.

An expression or a variable that evaluates to a Boolean value.

true, the value of !expression is false. If the

x && y evaluates to false, the expression !(x && y) evaluates to true.

returns true

!happy, and if the condition is true, the trace() statement sends a string to the

See also

!= (inequality), !== (strict inequality), && (logical AND), || (logical OR), == (equality), === (strict equality)

! (logical NOT) 29

!= (inequality)

Availability

Flash Player 5.

Usage

expression1 != expression2

Parameters

None.

Returns

A Boolean value.

Description

Operator (inequality); tests for the exact opposite of the equality (==) operator. If expression1 is equal to

expression2, the result is false. As with the equality (==) operator, the definition of

equal depends on the data types being compared, as illustrated in the following list:

• Numbers, strings, and Boolean values are compared by value.

• Objects, arrays, and functions are compared by reference.

• A variable is compared by value or by reference, depending on its type.

Comparison by value means what most people would expect equals to mean—that two expressions have the same value. For example, the expression (2 + 3) is equal to the expression (1 + 4) when compared by value.

Comparison by reference means that two expressions are equal only if they both refer to the same object, array, or function. Values inside the object, array, or function are not compared.

When comparing by value, if ActionScript will attempt to convert the data type of

expression1. For more information, see “Automatic data typing” and “Operator precedence and

expression1 and expression2 are different data types,

expression2 to match that of

associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

The following example illustrates the result of the inequality (!=) operator:

trace(5 != 8);// returns true trace(5 != 5) //returns false

The following example illustrates the use of the inequality (!=) operator in an if statement:

var a:String = "David"; var b:String = "Fool"; if (a != b) {

trace("David is not a fool"); }

The following example illustrates comparison by reference with two functions:

var a:Function = function() {

30 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

trace("foo"); }; var b:Function = function() { trace("foo"); }; a(); // foo b(); // foo trace(a!=b); // true a = b; a(); // foo b(); // foo trace(a!=b); // false

// trace statement output: foo foo true foo foo false

The following example illustrates comparison by reference with two arrays:

var a:Array = [ 1, 2, 3 ]; var b:Array = [ 1, 2, 3 ]; trace(a); // 1, 2, 3 trace(b); // 1, 2, 3 trace(a!=b); // true a = b; trace(a); // 1, 2, 3 trace(b); // 1, 2, 3 trace(a!=b); // false

// trace statement output: 1,2,3 1,2,3 true 1,2,3 1,2,3 false

See also

! (logical NOT), !== (strict inequality), && (logical AND), || (logical OR), == (equality), === (strict equality)

!= (inequality) 31

!== (strict inequality)

Availability

Flash Player 6.

Usage

expression1 !== expression2

Parameters

None.

Returns

A Boolean value.

Description

Operator; tests for the exact opposite of the strict equality (===) operator. The strict inequality operator performs the same as the inequality operator except that data types are not converted. For more information, see “Automatic data typing” in Using ActionScript in Flash. If is equal to equality (

expression2, and their data types are equal, the result is false. As with the strict

===) operator, the definition of equal depends on the data types being compared, as

expression1

illustrated in the following list:

• Numbers, strings, and Boolean values are compared by value.

• Objects, arrays, and functions are compared by reference.

• A variable is compared by value or by reference, depending on its type.

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

The comments in the following code show the returned value of operations that use the equality (

==), strict equality (===), and strict inequality (!==) operators:

var s1:String = "5"; var s2:String = "5"; var s3:String = "Hello"; var n:Number = 5; var b:Boolean = true;

trace(s1 == s2); // true trace(s1 == s3); // false trace(s1 == n); // true trace(s1 == b); // false

trace(s1 === s2); // true trace(s1 === s3); // false trace(s1 === n); // false trace(s1 === b); // false

trace(s1 !== s2); // false trace(s1 !== s3); // true

32 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

trace(s1 !== n); // true trace(s1 !== b); // true

See also

! (logical NOT), != (inequality), && (logical AND), || (logical OR), == (equality), === (strict equality)

!== (strict inequality) 33

% (modulo)

Availability

Flash Player 4. In Flash 4 files, the % operator is expanded in the SWF file as x - int(x/y) * y and may not be as fast or as accurate in later versions of Flash Player.

Usage

expression1 % expression2

Parameters

None.

Returns

A number.

Description

Operator (arithmetic); calculates the remainder of expression1 divided by expression2. If either of the convert them to numbers. The value. For more information, see “Automatic data typing” and “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

The following numeric example uses the modulo (%) operator:

trace(12%5); // traces 2 trace(4.3%2.1); // traces 0.0999999999999996 trace(4%4); // traces 0

The first trace returns 2, rather than 12/5 or 2.4, because the modulo (%) operator returns only the remainder. The second trace returns 0.0999999999999996 instead of the expected 0.1 because of the limitations of floating-point accuracy in binary computing.

expression parameters are non-numeric, the modulo (%) operator attempts to

expression can be a number or string that converts to a numeric

See Also

int, / (division).

34 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

%= (modulo assignment)

Availability

Flash Player 4.

Usage

expression1 %= expression2

Parameters

None.

Returns

A number.

Description

Operator (arithmetic compound assignment); assigns expression1 the value of expression1 %

expression2

x %= y x = x % y

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

The following example assigns the value 4 to the variable x:

var x:Number = 14; var y:Number = 5; trace(x%=y); // output: 4

. The following two expressions are equivalent:

See also

% (modulo)

%= (modulo assignment) 35

& (bitwise AND)

Availability

Flash Player 5. In Flash 4, the AND (&) operator was used for concatenating strings. In Flash 5 and later, the AND (&) operator is a bitwise AND, and you must use the addition ( concatenate strings. Flash 4 files that use the AND (

&) operator are automatically updated to use

addition (+) operator when imported into the Flash 5 or later authoring environment.

Usage

expression1 & expression2

Parameters

None.

Returns

A 32-bit integer.

Description

Operator (bitwise); converts expression1 and expression2 to 32-bit unsigned integers, and performs a Boolean AND operation on each bit of the integer parameters. Floating-point numbers are converted to integers by discarding any digits after the decimal point. The result is a new 32-bit integer.

Positive integers are converted to an unsigned hex value with a maximum value of 4294967295 or 0xFFFFFFFF; values larger than the maximum have their most significant digits discarded when they are converted so the value is still 32-bit. Negative numbers are converted to an unsigned hex value using the two’s complement notation, with the minimum being -2147483648 or 0x800000000; numbers less than the minimum are converted to two’s complement with greater precision and then have the most significant digits discarded as well.

The return value is interpreted as a two’s complement number with sign, so the return is an integer in the range -2147483648 to 2147483647.

+) operator to

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

The following example compares the bit representation of the numbers and returns 1 only if both bits at the same position are 1. In this ActionScript, you add 13 (binary 1101) and 11 (binary

1011) and return 1 only in the position where both numbers have a 1.

var insert:Number = 13; var update:Number = 11; trace(insert & update);// output : 9 (or 1001 binary)

In the numbers 13 and 11 the result is 9 because only the first and last positions in both numbers have the number 1.

The following examples show the behavior of the return value conversion:

trace(0xFFFFFFFF); // 4294967295 trace(0xFFFFFFFF & 0xFFFFFFFF); // -1

36 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

trace(0xFFFFFFFF & -1); // -1 trace(4294967295 & -1); // -1 trace(4294967295 & 4294967295); // -1

See Also

&= (bitwise AND assignment), ^ (bitwise XOR), ^= (bitwise XOR assignment), | (bitwise OR), |= (bitwise OR assignment), ~ (bitwise NOT)

& (bitwise AND) 37

&& (logical AND)

Availability

Flash Player 4.

Usage

expression1 && expression2

Parameters

None.

Returns

A Boolean value.

Description

Operator (logical); performs a Boolean operation on the values of one or both of the expressions. Evaluates expression evaluates to on the right side of the operator) is evaluated. If

true; otherwise, it is false.

Expression Evaluates

true&&true

true&&false

false&&false

false&&true

expression1 (the expression on the left side of the operator) and returns false if the

false. If expression1 evaluates to true, expression2 (the expression

expression2 evaluates to true, the final result is

true

false

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

The following example uses the logical AND (&&) operator to perform a test to determine if a player has won the game. The

turns variable and the score variable are updated when a player

takes a turn or scores points during the game. The script shows “You Win the Game!” in the Output panel when the player’s score reaches 75 or higher in 3 turns or less.

var turns:Number = 2; var score:Number = 77; if ((turns<=3) && (score>=75)) {

trace("You Win the Game!"); } else {

trace("Try Again!"); } /* output:

You Win the Game! */

38 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

See also

! (logical NOT), != (inequality), !== (strict inequality), || (logical OR), == (equality), === (strict equality)

&& (logical AND) 39

&= (bitwise AND assignment)

Availability

Flash Player 5.

Usage

expression1 &= expression2

Parameters

None.

Returns

A 32-bit integer; the value of expression1 & expression2.

Description

Operator; assigns expression1 the value of expression1 & expression2. For example, the following two expressions are equivalent:

x &= y; x = x & y;

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

The following example assigns the value 9 to x:

var x:Number = 15; var y:Number = 9; trace(x &= y); // output: 9

See also

& (bitwise AND), ^ (bitwise XOR), ^= (bitwise XOR assignment), | (bitwise OR), |= (bitwise OR assignment), ~ (bitwise NOT)

40 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

() (parentheses)

Availability

Flash Player 4.

Usage

(expression1 [, expression2])

(expression1, expression2)

function(parameter1,..., parameterN)

Parameters

expression1, expression2

function The function to be performed on the contents of the parentheses.

parameter1...parameterN A series of parameters to execute before the results are passed as

parameters to the function outside the parentheses.

Returns

Nothing.

Description

Operator; performs a grouping operation on one or more parameters, performs sequential evaluation of expressions, or surrounds one or more parameters and passes them as parameters to a function outside the parentheses.

Usage 1: Controls the order in which the operators execute in the expression. Parentheses override the normal precedence order and cause the expressions within the parentheses to be evaluated first. When parentheses are nested, the contents of the innermost parentheses are evaluated before the contents of the outer ones.

Usage 2: Evaluates a series of expressions, separated by commas, in sequence, and returns the result of the final expression.

Usage 3: Surrounds one or more parameters and passes them as parameters to the function outside the parentheses.

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Numbers, strings, variables, or text.

Example

Usage 1: The following statements show the use of parentheses to control the order in which expressions are executed (the value of each expression appears in the Output panel):

trace((2+3)*(4+5));//displays 45 trace(2+(3*(4+5)));//// displays 29 trace(2+(3*4)+5);// displays 19

Usage 2: The following example evaluates the function foo(), and then the function bar(), and returns the result of the expression

var a:Number = 1; var b:Number = 2;

a + b:

() (parentheses) 41

function foo() {

a += b; } function bar() {

b *= 10; } trace((foo(), bar(), a+b)); // outputs 23

Usage 3: The following example shows the use of parentheses with functions:

var today:Date = new Date(); trace(today.getFullYear()); // traces current year function traceParameter(param):Void {

trace(param); } traceParameter(2*2);//traces 4

See also

with

42 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

– (minus)

Availability

Flash Player 4.

Usage

(Negation) -expression

(Subtraction) expression1 - expression2

Parameters

None.

Returns

An integer or floating-point number.

Description

Operator (arithmetic); used for negating or subtracting.

Usage 1: When used for negating, it reverses the sign of the numerical

expression.

Usage 2: When used for subtracting, it performs an arithmetic subtraction on two numerical expressions, subtracting

expression2 from expression1. When both expressions are integers,

the difference is an integer. When either or both expressions are floating-point numbers, the difference is a floating-point number.

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

Usage 1: The following statement reverses the sign of the expression 2 + 3:

trace(-(2+3));// output: -5

Usage 2: The following statement subtracts the integer 2 from the integer 5:

trace(5-2);// output: 3

The result, 3, is an integer.

Usage 3: The following statement subtracts the floating-point number 1.5 from the floating-point number 3.25:

trace(3.25-1.5);// output: 1.75

The result, 1.75, is a floating-point number.

– (minus) 43

* (multiplication)

Availability

Flash Player 4.

Usage

expression1 * expression2

Parameters

None.

Returns

An integer or floating-point number.

Description

Operator (arithmetic); multiplies two numerical expressions. If both expressions are integers, the product is an integer. If either or both expressions are floating-point numbers, the product is a floating-point number.

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

Usage 1: The following statement multiplies the integers 2 and 3:

trace(2*3); // output: 6

The result, 6, is an integer.

Usage 2: This statement multiplies the floating-point numbers 2.0 and 3.1416:

trace(2.0 * 3.1416); // output: 6.2832

The result, 6.2832, is a floating-point number.

44 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

*= (multiplication assignment)

Availability

Flash Player 4.

Usage

expression1 *= expression2

Parameters

None.

Returns

The value of expression1 * expression2. If an expression cannot be converted to a numeric value, it returns

Description

Operator (arithmetic compound assignment); assigns expression1 the value of expression1 *

expression2. For example, the following two expressions are equivalent:

x *= y x = x * y

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

Usage 1: The following example assigns the value 50 to the variable x:

var x:Number = 5; var y:Number = 10; trace(x *= y); // output: 50

Usage 2: The second and third lines of the following example calculate the expressions on the right side of the equal sign and assign the results to

var i:Number = 5; var x:Number = 4-6; var y:Number = i+2; trace(x *= y); // output: -14

NaN (not a number).

x and y:

See also

* (multiplication)

*= (multiplication assignment) 45

, (comma)

Availability

Flash Player 4.

Usage

(expression1, expression2 [, expressionN...])

Parameters

None.

Returns

The value of expression1, expression2, and so on.

Description

Operator; evaluates expression1, then expression2, and so on. This operator is primarily used with the

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

The following example uses the comma (,) operator in a for loop:

for (i = 0, j = 0; i < 3 && j < 3; i++, j+=2) {

} // Output: // i = 0, j = 0 // i = 1, j = 2

The following example uses the comma (,) operator without the parentheses () operator and illustrates that the comma operator returns only the value of the first expression without the parentheses () operator:

for loop statement and is often used with the parentheses () operator.

trace("i = " + i + ", j = " + j);

var v:Number = 0; v = 4, 5, 6; trace(v); // output: 4

The following example uses the comma (,) operator with the parentheses () operator and illustrates that the comma operator returns the value of the last expression when used with the parentheses () operator:

var v:Number = 0; v = (4, 5, 6); trace(v); // output: 6

The following example uses the comma (,) operator without the parentheses () operator and illustrates that the comma operator sequentially evaluates all of the expressions but returns the value of the first expression. The second expression,

z++, is evaluated and z is incremented by

one.

var v:Number = 0; var z:Number = 0;

46 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

v = v + 4 , z++, v + 6; trace(v); // output: 4 trace(z); // output: 1

The following example is identical to the previous example except for the addition of the parentheses () operator and illustrates once again that, when used with the parentheses () operator, the comma (,) operator returns the value of the last expression in the series:

var v:Number = 0; var z:Number = 0; v = (v + 4, z++, v + 6); trace(v); // output: 6 trace(z); // output: 1

See also

() (parentheses)

, (comma) 47

. (dot)

Availability

Flash Player 4.

Usage

object.property_or_method

instancename.variable

instancename.childinstance

instancename.childinstance.variable

Parameters

object

An instance of a class. The object can be an instance of any of the built-in ActionScript

classes or a custom class. This parameter is always to the left of the dot (.) operator.

property_or_method The name of a property or method associated with an object. All the

valid methods and properties for the built-in classes are listed in the method and property summary tables for that class. This parameter is always to the right of the dot (.) operator.

instancename The instance name of a movie clip.

childinstance A movie clip instance that is a child of, or nested in, another movie clip.

variable A variable on the Timeline of the movie clip instance name to the left of the dot

(

.) operator.

Returns

The method, property or movie clip named on the right side of the dot.

Description

Operator; used to navigate movie clip hierarchies to access nested (child) movie clips, variables, or properties. The dot operator is also used to test or set the properties of an object or top-level class, execute a method of an object or top-level class, or create a data structure.

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

The following example identifies the current value of the variable hairColor in the movie clip

person_mc:

person_mc.hairColor

The Flash 4 authoring environment did not support dot syntax, but Flash MX 2004 files published for Flash Player 4 can use the dot operator. The preceding example is equivalent to the following (deprecated) Flash 4 syntax:

/person_mc:hairColor

The following example creates a new movie clip within the _root scope. Then a text field is created inside the movie clip called

true and then populated with the current date.

48 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

container_mc. The text field’s autoSize property is set to

this.createEmptyMovieClip("container_mc", this.getNextHighestDepth()); this.container_mc.createTextField("date_txt", this.getNextHighestDepth(), 0,

0, 100, 22); this.container_mc.date_txt.autoSize = true; this.container_mc.date_txt.text = new Date();

The dot (.) operator is used when targeting instances within the SWF file and when you need to set properties and values for those instances.

. (dot) 49

: (type)

Availability

Flash Player 6.

Usage

[modifiers] var variableName:type

function functionName():type { ... }

function functionName(parameter1:type, ... , parameterN:type) [ :type ]{ ... }

Note: To use this operator, you must specify ActionScript 2.0 and Flash Player 6 or later in the Flash tab of your FLA file’s Publish Settings dialog box.

Parameters

variableName

type A native data type, class name that you have defined, or interface name.

functionName An identifier for a function.

parameter An identifier for a function parameter.

Description

Operator; used for strict data typing; this operator specifies the variable type, function return type, or function parameter type. When used in a variable declaration or assignment, this operator specifies the variable’s type; when used in a function declaration or definition, this operator specifies the function’s return type; when used with a function parameter in a function definition, this operator specifies the variable type expected for that parameter.

Types are a compile-time-only feature. All types are checked at compile time, and errors are generated when there is a mismatch. (For more information, see Appendix A, “Error Messages,” in Using ActionScript in Flash.) Mismatches can occur during assignment operations, function calls, and class member dereferencing using the dot ( use strict data typing (see “Strict data typing” in Using ActionScript in Flash).

Types that you can use include all native object types, classes and interfaces that you define, and Function and Void. The recognized native types are Boolean, Number, and String. All built-in classes are also supported as native types. For more information, see “About data types” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

For information about operator precedence, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

An identifier for a variable.

.) operator. To avoid type mismatch errors,

Example

Usage 1: The following example declares a public variable named userName whose type is String and assigns an empty string to it:

var userName:String = "";

50 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

Usage 2: The following example shows how to specify a function’s parameter type by defining a function named

function randomInt(integer:Number):Number {

return Math.round(Math.random()*integer); } trace(randomInt(8));

randomInt() that takes a parameter named integer of type Number:

Usage 3: The following example defines a function named squareRoot() that takes a parameter named

val of the Number type and returns the square root of val, also a Number type:

function squareRoot(val:Number):Number {

return Math.sqrt(val); } trace(squareRoot(121));

See Also

var

, function.

: (type) 51

?: (conditional)

Availability

Flash Player 4.

Usage

expression1

Parameters

expression1

such as

expression2, expression3 Values of any type.

Returns

The value of expression2 or expression3.

Description

Operator; instructs Flash to evaluate expression1, and if the value of expression1 is true, it returns the value of

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

The following statement assigns the value of variable x to variable z because expression1 evaluates to

var x:Number = 5; var y:Number = 10; var z = (x < 6) ? x: y; trace (z); // returns 5

The following example shows a conditional statement written in shorthand:

var timecode:String = (new Date().getHours()<11) ? "AM" : "PM"; trace(timecode);

The same conditional statement could also be written in longhand, as shown in the following example:

if (new Date().getHours()<11) {

var timecode:String = "AM"; } else {

var timecode:String = "PM"; } trace(timecode);

? expression2 : expression3

An expression that evaluates to a Boolean value; usually a comparison expression,

x < 5.

expression2; otherwise it returns the value of expression3.

true:

52 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

/ (division)

Availability

Flash Player 4.

Usage

expression1 / expression2

Parameters

expression

Returns

A floating-point number.

Description

Operator (arithmetic); divides expression1 by expression2. The result of the division operation is a double-precision floating-point number.

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

The following statement divides the current width and height of the Stage, and then displays the result in the Output panel.

trace(Stage.width/2); trace(Stage.height/2);

For a default Stage width and height of 550 x 400, the output is 275 and 150.

A number or a variable that evaluates to a number.

See Also

% (modulo)

/ (division) 53

// (comment delimiter)

Availability

Flash 1.

Usage

// comment

Parameters

comment

Returns

Nothing.

Description

Comment; indicates the beginning of a script comment. Any characters that appear between the comment delimiter ( by the ActionScript interpreter.

For more information, see “Deprecated Flash 4 operators” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

The following script uses comment delimiters to identify the first, third, fifth, and seventh lines as comments:

// record the X position of the ball movie clip var ballX:Number = ball_mc._x; // record the Y position of the ball movie clip var ballY:Number = ball_mc._y; // record the X position of the bat movie clip var batX:Number = bat_mc._x; // record the Y position of the ball movie clip var batY:Number = bat_mc._y;

Any characters.

//) and the end-of-line character are interpreted as a comment and ignored

See also

/* (comment delimiter)

54 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

/* (comment delimiter)

Availability

Flash Player 5.

Usage

/* comment */

comment comment

Parameters

comment

Returns

Nothing.

Description

Comment; indicates one or more lines of script comments. Any characters that appear between the opening comment tag ( and ignored by the ActionScript interpreter. Use the // (comment delimiter) to identify single-line comments. Use the /* comment delimiter to identify comments on multiple successive lines. Leaving off the closing tag ( error message. Attempting to nest comments also returns an error message. After an opening comment tag (/*) is used, the first closing comment tag ( the number of opening comment tags (/*) placed between them.

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Any characters.

/*) and the closing comment tag (*/), are interpreted as a comment

*/) when using this form of comment delimiter returns an

*/) will end the comment, regardless of

Example

The following script uses comment delimiters at the beginning of the script:

/* records the X and Y positions of the ball and bat movie clips */

var ballX:Number = ball_mc._x; var ballY:Number = ball_mc._y; var batX:Number = bat_mc._x; var batY:Number = bat_mc._y;

The following attempt to nest comments will result in an error message:

/* this is an attempt to nest comments. /* But the first closing tag will be paired with the first opening tag */ and this text will not be interpreted as a comment */

See also

// (comment delimiter)

/* (comment delimiter) 55

/= (division assignment)

Availability

Flash Player 4.

Usage

expression1 /= expression2

Parameters

expression1,expression2

Returns

A number.

Description

Operator (arithmetic compound assignment); assigns expression1 the value of expression1 /

expression2. For example, the following two statements are equivalent:

x /= y x = x / y

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

The following code illustrates using the division assignment (/=) operator with variables and numbers:

var x:Number = 10; var y:Number = 2; x /= y; trace(x); // output: 5

A number or a variable that evaluates to a number.

See Also

/ (division)

56 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

[] (array access)

Availability

Flash Player 4.

Usage

myArray = [a0, a1,...aN]

myArray[i] = value

myObject[propertyName]

Parameters

myArray

a0, a1,...aN Elements in an array; any native type or object instance, including nested arrays.

i An integer index greater than or equal to 0.

myObject The name of an object.

propertyName A string that names a property of the object.

Returns

Usage 1: A reference to an array.

Usage 2: A value from the array; either a native type or an object instance (including an Array instance).

Usage 3: A property from the object; either a native type or an object instance (including an Array instance).

The name of an array.

Description

Operator; initializes a new array or multidimensional array with the specified elements (a0, and so on), or accesses elements in an array. The array access operator lets you dynamically set and retrieve instance, variable, and object names. It also lets you access object properties.

Usage 1: An array is an object whose properties are called elements, which are each identified by a number called an index. When you create an array, you surround the elements with the array access ([]) operator (or brackets). An array can contain elements of various types. For example, the following array, called

employee, has three elements; the first is a number and the second two are

strings (inside quotation marks):

var employee:Array = [15, "Barbara", "Jay"];

You can nest brackets to simulate multidimensional arrays. You can nest arrays up to 256 levels deep. The following code creates an array called

ticTacToe with three elements; each element is

also an array with three elements:

var ticTacToe:Array = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]; // Select Debug > List Variables in test mode // to see a list of the array elements.

[] (array access) 57

Usage 2: Surround the index of each element with brackets ([]) to access it directly; you can add a new element to an array, or you can change or retrieve the value of an existing element. The first index in an array is always 0, as shown in the following example:

var my_array:Array = new Array(); my_array[0] = 15; my_array[1] = "Hello"; my_array[2] = true;

You can use brackets ([]) to add a fourth element, as shown in the following example:

my_array[3] = "George";

You can use brackets ([]) to access an element in a multidimensional array. The first set of brackets identifies the element in the original array, and the second set identifies the element in the nested array. The following lines of code send the number 6 to the Output panel.

var ticTacToe:Array = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]; trace(ticTacToe[1][2]);// output: 6

Usage 3: You can use the array access ([]) operator instead of the eval() function to dynamically set and retrieve values for movie clip names or any property of an object. The following line of code sends the number 6 to the Output panel.

name["mc" + i] = "left_corner";

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

The following example shows two ways to create a new empty Array object; the first line uses brackets ([]):

var my_array:Array = []; var my_array:Array = new Array();

The following example creates an array called employee_array and uses the trace() statement to send the elements to the Output panel. In the fourth line, an element in the array is changed, and the fifth line sends the newly modified array to the Output panel:

var employee_array = ["Barbara", "George", "Mary"]; trace(employee_array); // output: Barbara,George,Mary employee_array[2] = "Sam"; trace(employee_array); // output: Barbara,George,Sam

In the following example, the expression inside the brackets ("piece" + i) is evaluated and the result is used as the name of the variable to be retrieved from the example, the variable equal to 5, for example, the value of the variable

i must live on the same Timeline as the button. If the variable i is

piece5 in the my_mc movie clip is displayed in

my_mc movie clip. In this

the Output panel:

myBtn_btn.onRelease = function() {

x = my_mc["piece"+i]; trace(x);

};

58 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

In the following example, the expression inside the brackets is evaluated, and the result is used as the name of the variable to be retrieved from movie clip

name_mc["A" + i];

name_mc:

If you are familiar with the Flash 4 ActionScript slash syntax, you can use the eval() function to accomplish the same result:

eval("name_mc.A" & i);

You can use the following ActionScript to loop over all objects in the _root scope, which is useful for debugging:

for (i in _root) {

trace(i+": "+_root[i]); }

You can also use the array access ([]) operator on the left side of an assignment statement to dynamically set instance, variable, and object names:

employee_array[2] = "Sam";

See also

Array class, Object class

[] (array access) 59

^ (bitwise XOR)

Availability

Flash Player 5.

Usage

expression1 ^ expression2

Parameters

expression1,expression2

Returns

A 32-bit integer.

Description

Operator (bitwise); converts expression1 and expression2 to 32-bit unsigned integers, and returns a 1 in each bit position where the corresponding bits in but not both, are 1. Floating-point numbers are converted to integers by discarding any digits after the decimal point. The result is a new 32-bit integer.

Positive integers are converted to an unsigned hex value with a maximum value of 4294967295 or 0xFFFFFFFF; values larger than the maximum have their most significant digits discarded when they are converted so the value is still 32-bit. Negative numbers are converted to an unsigned hex value via the two’s complement notation, with the minimum being -2147483648 or 0x800000000; numbers less than the minimum are converted to two’s complement with greater precision and also have the most significant digits discarded.

The return value is interpreted as a two’s complement number with sign, so the return value will be an integer in the range -2147483648 to 2147483647.

A number.

expression1 or expression2,

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

The following example uses the bitwise XOR operator on the decimals 15 and 9, and assigns the result to the variable

// 15 decimal = 1111 binary // 9 decimal = 1001 binary var x:Number = 15 ^ 9; trace(x); // 1111 ^ 1001 = 0110 // returns 6 decimal (0110 binary)

See also

& (bitwise AND), &= (bitwise AND assignment), ^= (bitwise XOR assignment), | (bitwise OR), |= (bitwise OR assignment), ~ (bitwise NOT)

60 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

^= (bitwise XOR assignment)

Availability

Flash Player 5.

Usage

expression1 ^= expression2

Parameters

expression1,expression2

Returns

A 32-bit integer. Specifically, the value of expression1 ^ expression2.

Description

Operator (bitwise compound assignment); assigns expression1 the value of expression1 ^

expression2. For example, the following two statements are equivalent:

x ^= y x = x ^ y

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

The following example shows a bitwise XOR assignment (^=) operation:

// 15 decimal = 1111 binary var x:Number = 15; // 9 decimal = 1001 binary var y:Number = 9; trace(x ^= y); // returns 6 decimal (0110 binary)

Integers and variables.

See also

& (bitwise AND), &= (bitwise AND assignment), ^ (bitwise XOR), | (bitwise OR), |= (bitwise OR assignment), ~ (bitwise NOT)

^= (bitwise XOR assignment) 61

{} (object initializer)

Availability

Flash Player 5.

Usage

object = {name1: value1, name2: value2,...nameN: valueN} {expression1; [...expressionN]}

Parameters

object

name1,2,...N The names of the properties.

value1,2,...N The corresponding values for each name property.

Returns

Usage 1: An Object object.

Usage 2: Nothing, except when a function has an explicit return type is specified in the function implementation.

Description

Operator; creates a new object and initializes it with the specified name and value property pairs. Using this operator is the same as using the using the assignment operator. The prototype of the newly created object is generically named the Object object.

The object to create.

return statement, in which case the

new Object syntax and populating the property pairs

This operator is also used to mark blocks of contiguous code associated with flow control statements (

for, while, if, else, switch) and functions.

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

The first line of the following code creates an empty object using the object initializer ({}) operator; the second line creates a new object using a constructor function:

var object:Object = {}; var object:Object = new Object();

The following example creates an object account and initializes the properties name, address,

city, state, zip, and balance with accompanying values:

var account:Object = {name:"Macromedia, Inc.",

address:"600 Townsend Street",

city:"San Francisco",

state:"California",

zip:"94103",

balance:"1000"};

for (i in account) {

trace("account."+i+" = "+account[i]); }

62 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

The following example shows how array and object initializers can be nested within each other:

var person:Object = {name:"Gina Vechio",

children:["Ruby", "Chickie", "Puppa"]};

The following example uses the information in the previous example and produces the same result using constructor functions:

var person:Object = new Object(); person.name = "Gina Vechio"; person.children = new Array(); person.children[0] = "Ruby"; person.children[1] = "Chickie"; person.children[2] = "Puppa";

The previous ActionScript example can also be written in the following format:

var person:Object = new Object(); person.name = "Gina Vechio"; person.children = new Array("Ruby", "Chickie", "Puppa");

See also

[] (array access)

, new, Object class

{} (object initializer) 63

| (bitwise OR)

Availability

Flash Player 5.

Usage

expression1 | expression2

Parameters

expression1,expression2

Returns

A 32-bit integer.

Description

Operator (bitwise); converts expression1 and expression2 to 32-bit unsigned integers, and returns a 1 in each bit position where the corresponding bits of either

expression2 are 1. Floating-point numbers are converted to integers by discarding any digits

after the decimal point. The result is a new 32-bit integer.

Positive integers are converted to an unsigned hex value with a maximum value of 4294967295 or 0xFFFFFFFF; values larger than the maximum have their most significant digits discarded when they are converted so the value is still 32-bit. Negative numbers are converted to an unsigned hex value via the two’s complement notation, with the minimum being -2147483648 or 0x800000000; numbers less than the minimum are converted to two’s complement with greater precision and also have the most significant digits discarded.

The return value is interpreted as a two’s complement number with sign, so the return value will be an integer in the range -2147483648 to 2147483647.

A number.

expression1 or

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

The following is an example of a bitwise OR (|) operation:

// 15 decimal = 1111 binary var x:Number = 15; // 9 decimal = 1001 binary var y:Number = 9; // 1111 | 1001 = 1111 trace(x | y); // returns 15 decimal (1111 binary)

Don’t confuse the single | (bitwise OR) with || (logical OR).

See also

& (bitwise AND), &= (bitwise AND assignment), ^ (bitwise XOR), ^= (bitwise XOR assignment), |= (bitwise OR assignment), ~ (bitwise NOT)

64 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

|| (logical OR)

Availability

Flash Player 4.

Usage

expression1 || expression2

Parameters

expression1, expression2

value.

Returns

A Boolean value.

Description

Operator (logical); evaluates expression1 (the expression on the left side of the operator) and returns

true if the expression evaluates to true. If expression1 evaluates to false,

expression2 (the expression on the right side of the operator) is evaluated. If expression2

evaluates to

false, the final result is false; otherwise, it is true.

If you use a function call as

expression1 evaluates to true.

The result is

true if either or both expressions evaluate to true; the result is false only if both

expressions evaluate to if any operand evaluates to

A Boolean value or an expression that converts to a Boolean

expression2, the function will not be executed by that call if

false. You can use the logical OR operator with any number of operands;

true, the result is true.

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

The following example uses the logical OR (||) operator in an if statement. The second expression evaluates to

var x:Number = 10; var y:Number = 250; var start:Boolean = false; if ((x>25) || (y>200) || (start)) {

trace("the logical OR test passed"); // output: the logical OR test passed }

true, so the final result is true:

The message the logical OR test passed appears because one of the conditions in the if statement is true ( condition evaluates to

The following example demonstrates how using a function call as unexpected results. If the expression on the left of the operator evaluates to returned without evaluating the expression on the right (the function

function fx1():Boolean {

trace("fx1 called");

return true;

y>200). Although the other two expressions evaluate to false, as long as one

true, the if block executes.

expression2 can lead to

true, that result is

fx2() is not called).

|| (logical OR) 65

} function fx2():Boolean {

trace("fx2 called");

return true; } if (fx1() || fx2()) {

trace("IF statement entered"); } /* The following is sent to the Output panel:

fx1 called

IF statement entered */

See also

! (logical NOT), != (inequality), !== (strict inequality), && (logical AND), == (equality), === (strict equality)

66 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

|= (bitwise OR assignment)

Availability

Flash Player 5.

Usage

expression1 |= expression2

Parameters

expression1,expression2

Returns

An integer.

Description

Operator (bitwise compound assignment); assigns expression1 the value of expression1 |

expression2

x |= y; x = x | y;

. For example, the following two statements are equivalent:

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

The following example uses the bitwise OR assignment (|=) operator:

// 15 decimal = 1111 binary var x:Number = 15; // 9 decimal = 1001 binary var y:Number = 9; // 1111 |= 1001 = 1111 trace(x |= y); // returns 15 decimal (1111 binary)

A number or variable.

See also

& (bitwise AND), &= (bitwise AND assignment), ^ (bitwise XOR), ^= (bitwise XOR assignment), | (bitwise OR), |= (bitwise OR assignment), ~ (bitwise NOT)

|= (bitwise OR assignment) 67

~ (bitwise NOT)

Availability

Flash Player 5.

Usage

~ expression

Parameters

expression

Returns

A 32-bit integer.

Description

Operator (bitwise); also known as the one’s complement operator or the bitwise complement operator. Converts the complement. That is, every bit that is a 0 is set to 1 in the result, and every bit that is a 1 is set to 0 in the result. The result is a signed 32-bit integer.

For example, the hex value 0x7777 is represented as this binary number:

0111011101110111

The bitwise negation of that hex value, ~0x7777, is this binary number:

1000100010001000

In hexadecimal, this is 0x8888. Therefore, ~0x7777 is 0x8888.

A number.

expression to a 32-bit signed integer, and then applies a bitwise one’s

The most common use of bitwise operators is for representing flag bits (Boolean values packed into 1 bit each).

Floating-point numbers are converted to integers by discarding any digits after the decimal point. Positive integers are converted to an unsigned hex value with a maximum value of 4294967295 or 0xFFFFFFFF; values larger than the maximum have their most significant digits discarded when they are converted so the value is still 32-bit. Negative numbers are converted to an unsigned hex value via the two’s complement notation, with the minimum being -2147483648 or 0x800000000; numbers less than the minimum are converted to two’s complement with greater precision and also have the most significant digits discarded.

The return value is interpreted as a two’s complement number with sign, so the return value is an integer in the range -2147483648 to 2147483647.

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

The following example demonstrates a use of the bitwise NOT (-) operator with flag bits:

var ReadOnlyFlag:Number = 0x0001; // defines bit 0 as the read-only flag var flags:Number = 0; trace(flags);

68 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

/* To set the read-only flag in the flags variable, the following code uses the

bitwise OR: */ flags |= ReadOnlyFlag; trace(flags); /* To clear the read-only flag in the flags variable, first construct a mask by

using bitwise NOT on ReadOnlyFlag. In the mask, every bit is a 1 except for

the read-only flag. Then, use bitwise AND with the mask to clear the read-

only flag. The following code constructs the mask and performs the bitwise

AND: */ flags &= ~ReadOnlyFlag; trace(flags); /* output:

0 */

See also

& (bitwise AND), &= (bitwise AND assignment), ^ (bitwise XOR), ^= (bitwise XOR assignment), | (bitwise OR), |= (bitwise OR assignment)

~ (bitwise NOT) 69

+ (addition)

Availability

Flash Player 4; Flash Player 5.In Flash 5 and later, + is either a numeric operator or a string concatenator depending on the data type of the parameter. In Flash 4, operator. Flash 4 files that are brought into the Flash 5 or later authoring environment undergo a conversion process to maintain data type integrity. The following example illustrates the conversion of a Flash 4 file containing a numeric quality comparison:

Flash 4 file:

x + y

Converted Flash 5 or later file:

Number(x) + Number(y)

Usage

expression1 + expression2

Parameters

expression1,expression2

Returns

A number or string.

A string, integer, or floating-point number.

Description

Operator; adds numeric expressions or concatenates (combines) strings. If one expression is a string, all other expressions are converted to strings and concatenated.

+ is only a numeric

If both expressions are integers, the sum is an integer; if either or both expressions are floatingpoint numbers, the sum is a floating-point number.

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

Usage 1: The following example concatenates two strings and displays the result in the Output panel.

var name:String = "Cola"; var instrument:String = "Drums"; trace(name+" plays "+instrument); // output: Cola plays Drums

Usage 2: This statement adds the integers 2 and 3 and displays the resulting integer, 5, in the Output panel:

trace(2+3); // output: 5

This statement adds the floating-point numbers 2.5 and 3.25 and displays the resulting floatingpoint number, 5.75, in the Output panel

trace(2.5+3.25); // output: 5.75

70 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

Usage 3: Variables associated with dynamic and input text fields have the data type String. In the following example, the variable deposit amount, the script attempts to add

deposit is an input text field on the Stage. After a user enters a

deposit to oldBalance. However, because deposit

is a String data type, the script concatenates (combines to form one string) the variable values rather than summing them.

var oldBalance:Number = 1345.23; var currentBalance = deposit_txt.text + oldBalance; trace(currentBalance);

For example, if a user enters 475 in the deposit text field, the trace() statement sends the value

4751345.23 to the Output panel.

To correct this, use the

var oldBalance:Number = 1345.23; var currentBalance:Number = Number(deposit_txt.text) + oldBalance; trace(currentBalance);

Number() function to convert the string to a number, as in the following:

The following example shows how numeric sums to the right of a string expression are not calculated:

var a:String = 3 + 10 + "asdf"; trace(a); // 13asdf var b:String = "asdf" + 3 + 10; trace(b); // asdf310

+ (addition) 71

+= (addition assignment)

Availability

Flash Player 4.

Usage

expression1 += expression2

Parameters

expression1,expression2

Returns

A string or a number.

Description

Operator (arithmetic compound assignment); assigns expression1 the value of expression1 +

expression2

x += y; x = x + y;

. For example, the following two statements have the same result:

This operator also performs string concatenation. All the rules of the addition (+) operator apply to the addition assignment

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

Usage 1: This example uses the += operator with a string expression and sends “My name is Gilbert” to the Output panel.

var x1:String = "My name is "; x1 += "Gilbert"; trace(x1); // output: My name is Gilbert

Usage 2: The following example shows a numeric use of the addition assignment (+=) operator:

var x:Number = 5; var y:Number = 10; x += y; trace(x); // output: 15

A number or string.

(+=) operator.

See also

+ (addition)

72 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

< (less than)

Availability

Flash Player 4; Flash Player 5. In Flash 5 and later, the < (less than) operator is a comparison operator capable of handling various data types. In Flash 4, that are brought into the Flash 5 or later authoring environment undergo a conversion process to maintain data type integrity. The following illustrates the conversion of a Flash 4 file containing a numeric quality comparison.

Flash 4 file:

x < y

Converted Flash 5 or later file:

Number(x) < Number(y)

Usage

expression1 < expression2

Parameters

expression1,expression2

Returns

A number or string.

A Boolean value.

Description

Operator (comparison); compares two expressions and determines whether expression1 is less than

expression2; if so, the operator returns true. If expression1 is greater than or equal to

expression2, the operator returns false. String expressions are evaluated using alphabetical

order; all capital letters come before lowercase letters.

< is an numeric operator. Flash 4 files

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

The following examples show true and false returns for both numeric and string comparisons:

trace(3<10); // true trace(10<3); // false trace("Allen"<"Jack"); // true trace("Jack"<"Allen"); //false trace("11"<"3"); // true trace("11"<3); // false (numeric comparison) trace("C"<"abc"); // true trace("A"<"a"); // true

< (less than) 73

<< (bitwise left shift)

Availability

Flash Player 5.

Usage

expression1

Parameters

expression1

expression2 A number or expression that converts to an integer from 0 to 31.

Returns

A 32-bit integer.

Description

Operator (bitwise); converts expression1 and expression2 to 32-bit integers, and shifts all the bits in conversion of filled in with 0 and bits shifted off the left end are discarded. Shifting a value left by one position is the equivalent of multiplying it by 2.

The return value is interpreted as a two’s complement number with sign, so the return value will be an integer in the range -2147483648 to 2147483647.

<< expression2

A number or expression to be shifted left.

expression1 to the left by the number of places specified by the integer resulting from the

expression2. The bit positions that are emptied as a result of this operation are

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

In the following example, the integer 1 is shifted 10 bits to the left:

x = 1 << 10

The result of this operation is x = 1024. This is because 1 decimal equals 1 binary, 1 binary shifted left by 10 is 10000000000 binary, and 10000000000 binary is 1024 decimal.

In the following example, the integer 7 is shifted 8 bits to the left:

x = 7 << 8

The result of this operation is x = 1792. This is because 7 decimal equals 111 binary, 111 binary shifted left by 8 bits is 11100000000 binary, and 11100000000 binary is 1792 decimal.

74 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

If you trace the following example, you see that the bits have been pushed two spaces to the left:

// 2 binary == 0010 // 8 binary == 1000 trace(2 << 2); // output: 8

See also

>>= (bitwise right shift and assignment), >> (bitwise right shift), <<= (bitwise left shift and assignment), >>> (bitwise unsigned right shift), >>>= (bitwise unsigned right shift and assignment)

<< (bitwise left shift) 75

<<= (bitwise left shift and assignment)

Availability

Flash Player 5.

Usage

expression1 <<= expression2

Parameters

expression1

expression2 A number or expression that converts to an integer from 0 to 31.

Returns

A 32-bit integer.

Description

Operator (bitwise compound assignment); this operator performs a bitwise left shift (<<=) operation and stores the contents as a result in equivalent:

A <<= B A = (A << B)

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

In the following example, you use the bitwise left shift and assignment (<<=) operator to shift all bits one space to the left:

var x:Number = 4; // shift all bits one slot to the left. x <<= 1; trace(x); // output: 8 // 4 decimal = 0100 binary // 8 decimal = 1000 binary

A number or expression to be shifted left.

expression1. The following two expressions are

See also

<< (bitwise left shift), >>= (bitwise right shift and assignment), >> (bitwise right shift)

76 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

<= (less than or equal to)

Availability

Flash Player 4.

In Flash 5 or later, the less than or equal to ( handling various data types. In Flash 4, into the Flash 5 or later authoring environment undergo a conversion process to maintain data type integrity. The following illustrates the conversion of a Flash 4 file containing a numeric quality comparison.

Flash 4 file:

x <= y

Converted Flash 5 or later file:

Number(x) <= Number(y)

Usage

expression1 <= expression2

Parameters

expression1,expression2

Returns

A number or string.

A Boolean value.

Description

Operator (comparison); compares two expressions and determines whether expression1 is less than or equal to

expression2, the operator returns false. String expressions are evaluated using alphabetical

expression2; if it is, the operator returns true. If expression1 is greater than

order; all capital letters come before lowercase letters.

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

<=) operator is a comparison operator capable of

<= is a numeric operator. Flash 4 files that are brought

Example

The following examples show true and false results for both numeric and string comparisons:

trace(5<=10); // true trace(2<=2); // true trace(10<=3); // false trace("Allen"<="Jack"); // true trace("Jack"<="Allen"); // false trace("11"<="3"); // true trace("11"<=3); // false (numeric comparison) trace("C"<="abc"); // true trace("A"<=a); // true

<= (less than or equal to) 77

= (assignment)

Availability

Flash Player 4.

In Flash 5 or later, Flash 4,

= is a numeric equality operator. Flash 4 files that are brought into the Flash 5 or later

authoring environment undergo a conversion process to maintain data type integrity.

Flash 4 file:

x = y

Converted Flash 5 or later file:

Number(x) == Number(y)

Usage

expression1 = expression2

Parameters

expression1

expression2 A value of any type.

Returns

The assigned value, expression2.

Description

Operator; assigns the value of expression2 (the parameter on the right) to the variable, array element, or property in Assignment by value copies the actual value of Assignment by value is used when a variable is assigned a number or string literal. Assignment by reference stores a reference to commonly used with the a reference to that location in memory is assigned to a variable.

= is an assignment operator, and the == operator is used to evaluate equality. In

A variable, element of an array, or property of an object.

expression1. Assignment can be either by value or by reference.

expression2 and stores it in expression1.

expression2 in expression1. Assignment by reference is

new operator. Use of the new operator creates an object in memory and

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

The following example uses assignment by value to assign the value of 5 to the variable x.

var x:Number = 5;

The following example uses assignment by value to assign the value "hello" to the variable x:

var x:String;

x = "hello";

78 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

The following example uses assignment by reference to create the moonsOfJupiter variable, which contains a reference to a newly created Array object. Assignment by value is then used to copy the value

moonsOfJupiter:

var moonsOfJupiter:Array = new Array(); moonsOfJupiter[0] = "Callisto";

"Callisto" to the first element of the array referenced by the variable

The following example uses assignment by reference to create a new object, and assign a reference to that object to the variable

neptune. Assignment by value is then used to assign the value of

49528 to the size property of the myObject object:

var mercury:Object = new Object(); mercury.diameter = 3030; // in miles trace (mercury.diameter); // output: 3030

The following example builds upon the previous example by creating a variable named merkur (the German word for mercury) and assigning it the value of

mercury. This creates two variables

that reference the same object in memory, which means you can use either variable to access the object’s properties. We can then change the diameter property to use kilometers instead of miles:

var merkur:Object = mercury; merkur.diameter = 4878; // in kilometers trace (mercury.diameter); // output: 4878

See also

== (equality)

= (assignment) 79

-= (subtraction assignment)

Availability

Flash Player 4.

Usage

expression1 -= expression2

Parameters

expression1,expression2

Returns

A number.

Description

Operator (arithmetic compound assignment); assigns expression1 the value of expression1 -

expression2. For example, the following two statements are equivalent:

x -= y; x = x - y;

String expressions must be converted to numbers; otherwise, NaN (not a number) is returned.

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

The following example uses the subtraction assignment (-=) operator to subtract 10 from 5 and assign the result to the variable

var x:Number = 5; var y:Number = 10; x -= y; trace(x); // output: -5

The following example shows how strings are converted to numbers:

var x:String = "5"; var y:String = "10"; x -= y; trace(x); // output: -5

A number or expression that evaluates to a number.

See also

– (minus)

80 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

== (equality)

Availability

Flash Player 5.

Usage

expression1 == expression2

Parameters

expression1,expression2

A number, string, Boolean value, variable, object, array,

or function.

Returns

A Boolean value.

Description

Operator (equality); tests two expressions for equality. The result is true if the expressions are equal.

The definition of equal depends on the data type of the parameter:

• Numbers and Boolean values are compared by value and are considered equal if they have the

same value.

• String expressions are equal if they have the same number of characters and the characters

are identical.

• Variables representing objects, arrays, and functions are compared by reference. Two such

variables are equal if they refer to the same object, array, or function. Two separate arrays are never considered equal, even if they have the same number of elements.

When comparing by value, if ActionScript will attempt to convert the data type of

expression1. For more information, see “Automatic data typing” and “Operator precedence and

expression1 and expression2 are different data types,

expression2 to match that of

associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

The following example uses the equality (==) operator with an if statement:

var a:String = "David", b:String = "David"; if (a == b) {

trace("David is David");

}

The following examples show the results of operations that compare mixed types:

var x:Number = 5; var y:String = "5"; trace(x == y); // output: true var x:String = "5"; var y:String = "66"; trace(x == y); // output: false var x:String = "chris";

== (equality) 81

var y:String = "steve"; trace(x == y); // output: false

The following examples show comparison by reference. The first example compares two arrays with identical length and elements. The equality operator will return

false for these two arrays.

Although the arrays appear equal, comparison by reference requires that they both refer to the same array. The second example creates the as the variable

firstArray. The equality operator will return true for these two arrays because

thirdArray variable, which points to the same array

the two variables refer to the same array.

var firstArray:Array = new Array("one", "two", "three"); var secondArray:Array = new Array("one", "two", "three"); trace(firstArray == secondArray); // will output false

// Arrays are only considered equal // if the variables refer to the same array. var thirdArray:Array = firstArray; trace(firstArray == thirdArray); // will output true

See also

! (logical NOT), != (inequality), !== (strict inequality), && (logical AND), || (logical OR), === (strict equality)

82 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

=== (strict equality)

Availability

Flash Player 6.

Usage

expression1 === expression2

Returns

A Boolean value.

Description

Operator; tests two expressions for equality; the strict equality (===)operator performs in the same way as the equality (

==) operator, except that data types are not converted. (For more

information, see “Automatic data typing” in Using ActionScript in Flash.) The result is both expressions, including their data types, are equal.

The definition of equal depends on the data type of the parameter:

• Numbers and Boolean values are compared by value and are considered equal if they have the

same value.

• String expressions are equal if they have the same number of characters and the characters

are identical.

• Variables representing objects, arrays, and functions are compared by reference. Two such

variables are equal if they refer to the same object, array, or function. Two separate arrays are never considered equal, even if they have the same number of elements.

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

true if

Example

The comments in the following code show the returned value of operations that use the equality and strict equality operators:

// Both return true because no conversion is done var string1:String = "5"; var string2:String = "5"; trace(string1 == string2); // true trace(string1 === string2); // true

// Automatic data typing in this example converts 5 to “5” var string1:String = "5"; var num:Number = 5; trace(string1 == num); // true trace(string1 === num); // false

// Automatic data typing in this example converts true to “1” var string1:String = "1"; var bool1:Boolean = true; trace(string1 == bool1); // true trace(string1 === bool1); // false

=== (strict equality) 83

// Automatic data typing in this example converts false to “0” var string1:String = "0"; var bool2:Boolean = false; trace(string1 == bool2); // true trace(string1 === bool2); // false

The following examples show how strict equality treats variables that are references differently than it treats variables that contain literal values. This is one reason to consistently use String literals and to avoid the use of the

// Create a string variable using a literal value var str:String = "asdf”;

// Create a variable that is a reference var stringRef:String = new String("asdf");

// The equality operator does not distinguish among literals, variables, // and references trace(stringRef == "asdf"); // true trace(stringRef == str); // true trace("asdf" == str); // true

// The strict equality operator considers variables that are references // distinct from literals and variables trace(stringRef === "asdf"); // false trace(stringRef === str); // false

See also

new operator with the String class.

! (logical NOT), != (inequality), !== (strict inequality), && (logical AND), || (logical OR), == (equality), === (strict equality)

84 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

> (greater than)

Availability

Flash Player 4.

In Flash 5 or later, the greater-than ( various data types. In Flash 4, 5 or later authoring environment undergo a conversion process to maintain data type integrity. The following illustrates the conversion of a Flash 4 file containing a numeric quality comparison.

Flash 4 file:

x > y

Converted Flash 5 or later file:

Number(x) > Number(y)

Usage

expression1 >expression2

Parameters

expression1,expression2

Returns

A Boolean value.

Description

Operator (comparison); compares two expressions and determines whether expression1 is greater than to

expression2, the operator returns false. String expressions are evaluated using alphabetical

expression2; if it is, the operator returns true. If expression1 is less than or equal

order; all capital letters come before lowercase letters.

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

>) operator is a comparison operator capable of handling

> is a numeric operator. Flash 4 files that are brought into the Flash

A number or string.

Example

In the following example, the greater than (>) operator is used to determine whether the value of the text field

if (score_txt.text>90) {

trace("Congratulations, you win!");

} else {

trace("sorry, try again");

}

score_txt is greater than 90:

> (greater than) 85

>= (greater than or equal to)

Availability

Flash Player 4.

In Flash 5 or later, the greater than or equal to ( handling various data types. In Flash 4,

>= is a numeric operator. Flash 4 files that are brought

into the Flash 5 or later authoring environment undergo a conversion process to maintain data type integrity. The following illustrates the conversion of a Flash 4 file containing a numeric quality comparison.

Flash 4 file:

x > y

Converted Flash 5 or later file:

Number(x) > Number(y)

Usage

expression1 >= expression2

Parameters

expression1, expression2

Returns

A string, integer, or floating-point number.

A Boolean value.

Description

Operator (comparison); compares two expressions and determines whether expression1 is greater than or equal to

expression2 (true) or expression1 is less than expression2 (false).

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

>=) operator is a comparison operator capable of

Example

In the following example, the greater than or equal to (>=) operator is used to determine whether the current hour is greater than or equal to 12:

if (new Date().getHours()>=12) {

trace("good afternoon");

} else {

trace("good morning");

}

86 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

>> (bitwise right shift)

Availability

Flash Player 5.

Usage

expression1 >> expression2

Parameters

expression1

expression2 A number or expression that converts to an integer from 0 to 31.

Returns

A 32-bit integer.

Description

Operator (bitwise); converts expression1 and expression2 to 32-bit integers, and shifts all the bits in the conversion of the sign of the original bit (the bit farthest to the left) of bit is 1. Shifting a value right by one position is the equivalent of dividing by 2 and discarding the remainder.

A number or expression to be shifted right.

expression1 to the right by the number of places specified by the integer that results from

expression2. Bits that are shifted off the right end are discarded. To preserve

expression, the bits on the left are filled in with 0 if the most significant

expression1 is 0, and filled in with 1 if the most significant

The return value is interpreted as a two’s complement number with sign, so the return value will be an integer in the range -2147483648 to 2147483647.

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

The following example converts 65535 to a 32-bit integer and shifts it 8 bits to the right:

var x:Number = 65535 >> 8; trace(x); // outputs 255

The following example shows the result of the previous example:

var x:Number = 255

This is because 65535 decimal equals 1111111111111111 binary (sixteen 1’s), 1111111111111111 binary shifted right by 8 bits is 11111111 binary, and 11111111 binary is 255 decimal. The most significant bit is 0 because the integers are 32-bit, so the fill bit is 0.

>> (bitwise right shift) 87

The following example converts -1 to a 32-bit integer and shifts it 1 bit to the right:

var x:Number = -1 >> 1; trace(x); // outputs -1

The following example shows the result of the previous example:

var x:Number = -1

This is because -1 decimal equals 11111111111111111111111111111111 binary (thirty-two 1’s), shifting right by one bit causes the least significant (bit farthest to the right) to be discarded and the most significant bit to be filled in with 1. The result is 11111111111111111111111111111111 (thirty-two 1’s) binary, which represents the 32-bit integer -1.

See also

>>= (bitwise right shift and assignment)

88 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

>>= (bitwise right shift and assignment)

Availability

Flash Player 5.

Usage

expression1 >>= expression2

Parameters

expression1

expression2 A number or expression that converts to an integer from 0 to 31.

Returns

A 32-bit integer.

Description

Operator (bitwise compound assignment); this operator performs a bitwise right-shift operation and stores the contents as a result in

The following two expressions are equivalent:

A >>= B

A = (A >> B)

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

The following commented code uses the bitwise right shift and assignment (>>=) operator.

function convertToBinary(numberToConvert:Number):String {

var result:String = ""; for (var i = 0; i<32; i++) {

// Extract least significant bit using bitwise AND var lsb:Number = numberToConvert & 1; // Add this bit to the result string result = (lsb ? "1" : "0")+result; // Shift numberToConvert right by one bit, to see next bit

numberToConvert >>= 1; } return result;

} trace(convertToBinary(479)); // Returns the string 00000000000000000000000111011111 // This string is the binary representation of the decimal // number 479

A number or expression to be shifted right.

expression1.

See also

>> (bitwise right shift)

>>= (bitwise right shift and assignment) 89

>>> (bitwise unsigned right shift)

Availability

Flash Player 5.

Usage

expression1 >>> expression2

Parameters

expression1

expression2 A number or expression that converts to an integer between 0 and 31.

Returns

A 32-bit unsigned integer.

Description

Operator (bitwise); the same as the bitwise right shift (>>) operator except that it does not preserve the sign of the original

A number or expression to be shifted right.

expression because the bits on the left are always filled with 0.

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

Example

The following example converts -1 to a 32-bit integer and shifts it 1 bit to the right:

var x:Number = -1 >>> 1; trace(x); // output: 2147483647

This is because -1 decimal is 11111111111111111111111111111111 binary (thirty-two 1’s), and when you shift right (unsigned) by 1 bit, the least significant (rightmost) bit is discarded, and the most significant (leftmost) bit is filled with a 0. The result is 01111111111111111111111111111111 binary, which represents the 32-bit integer

2147483647.

See also

>>= (bitwise right shift and assignment)

90 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

>>>= (bitwise unsigned right shift and assignment)

Availability

Flash Player 5.

Usage

expression1 >>>= expression2

Parameters

expression1

expression2 A number or expression that converts to an integer from 0 to 31.

Returns

A 32-bit integer.

Description

Operator (bitwise compound assignment); performs an unsigned bitwise right-shift operation and stores the contents as a result in

A >>>= B A = (A >>> B)

For more information, see “Operator precedence and associativity” in Using ActionScript in Flash.

See also

>>> (bitwise unsigned right shift), >>= (bitwise right shift and assignment)

A number or expression to be shifted left.

expression1. The following two expressions are equivalent:

>>>= (bitwise unsigned right shift and assignment) 91

CHAPTER 2

ActionScript Language Reference

Accessibility class

Availability

Flash Player 6.

Description

The Accessibility class manages communication with screen readers. Screen readers are a type of assistive technology for visually impaired users that provides an audio version of screen content. The methods of the Accessibility class are static—that is, you don’t have to create an instance of the class to use its methods.

To get and set accessible properties for a specific object, such as a button, movie clip, or text field, use the

_accProps property. To determine whether the player is running in an environment that

supports accessibility aids, use creating accessible content, see “Accessibility overview” in Using Flash.

Method summary for the Accessibility class

Method Description

Accessibility.isActive()

Accessibility.updateProperties()

System.capabilities.hasAccessibility. For information on

Indicates whether a screen reader program is active.

Updates the description of objects on the screen for screen readers.

92 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

Accessibility.isActive()

Availability

Flash Player 6.

Usage

Accessibility.isActive() : Boolean

Parameters

None.

Returns

A Boolean value: true if the Flash Player is communicating with an accessibility aid (usually a screen reader);

Description

Method; indicates whether an accessibility aid is currently active and the player is communicating with it. Use this method when you want your application to behave differently in the presence of a screen reader or other accessibility aid.

Note: If you call this method within one or two seconds of the first appearance of the Flash window in which your document is playing, you might get a return value of Microsoft Active Accessibility (MSAA) client. This is because of an asynchronous communication mechanism between Flash and MSAA clients. You can work around this limitation by ensuring a delay of one to two seconds after loading your document before calling this method.

Example

The following example checks whether an accessibility aid is currently active:

if (Accessibility.isActive()) {

trace ("An accessibility aid is currently active");

} else {

trace ("There is currently no active accessibility aid");

}

false otherwise.

false even if there is an active

See also

Accessibility.updateProperties(), _accProps, System.capabilities.hasAccessibility

Accessibility.isActive() 93

Accessibility.updateProperties()

Availability

Flash Player 6 (6.0.65).

Usage

Accessibility.updateProperties() : Void

Parameters

None.

Returns

Nothing.

Description

Method; causes all changes to _accProps (accessibility properties) objects to take effect. For information on setting accessibility properties, see

If you modify the accessibility properties for multiple objects, only one call to

Accessibility.updateProperties() is necessary; multiple calls can result in reduced

performance and unintelligible screen reader results.

Example

If you change an image and want to update its accessible description, you could use the following ActionScript code:

my_mc.gotoAndStop(2);

_accProps.

if (my_mc._accProps == undefined ) {

my_mc._accProps = new Object();

} my_mc._accProps.name = "Photo of Mount Rushmore"; Accessibility.updateProperties();

See also

Accessibility.isActive(), _accProps, System.capabilities.hasAccessibility

94 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

CHAPTER 2

ActionScript Language Reference

_accProps

Availability

Flash Player 6.65.

Usage

_accProps.propertyName instanceName._accProps.propertyName

Parameters

propertyName

instanceName The instance name assigned to an instance of a movie clip, button, dynamic text

field, or input text field. To refer to the document, omit

Description

Property; lets you control screen reader accessibility options for SWF files, movie clips, buttons, dynamic text fields, and input text fields at runtime. These properties override the corresponding settings available in the Accessibility panel during authoring. For changes to these properties to take effect, you must call Accessibility panel, see “The Flash Accessibility panel” in Using Flash.

To determine whether the player is running in an environment that supports accessibility aids, use

System.capabilities.hasAccessibility.

The following table lists the name and data type of each setting in the Accessibility panel, and the kinds of objects to which the property can be applied. The term inverse logic means that the property setting is the inverse of the corresponding setting in the Accessibility panel. For example, setting the deselecting the Make Movie Accessible or Make Object Accessible option.

An accessibility property name (see the following description for valid names).

_accProps object that represents the entire Flash

instanceName.

Accessibility.updateProperties(). For information on the

_accProps property, its equivalent

silent property to true is equivalent to

Property Data type Equivalent in Accessibility panel Applies to

silent

forceSimple

name

Boolean Make Movie Accessible/

Make Object Accessible

(inverse logic)

Boolean Make Child Objects Accessible

(inverse logic)

String Name Whole SWF files

Whole SWF files Movie clips Buttons Dynamic text Input text

Whole SWF files Movie clips

Movie clips Buttons Input text

_accProps 95

Property Data type Equivalent in Accessibility panel Applies to

description

shortcut

* For the Shortcut field, use names of the form Control+A. Adding a keyboard shortcut to the Accessibility panel

doesn’t create a keyboard shortcut; it merely advises screen readers of an existing shortcut. For information on assigning a keyboard shortcut to an accessible object, see Key.addListener().

String Description Whole SWF files

Movie clips Buttons Dynamic text Input text

String Shortcut* Movie clips

Buttons Input text

To specify settings that correspond to the Tab index setting in the Accessibility panel, use the

Button.tabIndex, MovieClip.tabIndex, or TextField.tabIndex property.

There is no way to specify an Auto Label setting at runtime.

To refer to the

instanceName parameter. The value of _accProps must be an object. This means that if no _accProps object already exists, you must create one, as shown in the following example, before

you can assign values to the properties of the

if ( _accProps == undefined ) {

_accProps = new Object();

} _accProps.name = "My SWF file";

_accProps object that represents the entire Flash document, omit the

_accProps object:

When _accProps is used without the instanceName parameter, changes made to _accProps properties apply to the whole SWF file. For example, the following code sets the Accessibility

name property for the whole SWF file to the string "Pet Store" and then calls Accessibility.updateProperties() to cause that change:

_accProps.name = "Pet Store"; Accessibility.updateProperties();

In contrast, the following code sets the name property for a movie clip with the instance name

price_mc to the string "Price":

price_mc._accProps.name = "Price"; Accessibility.updateProperties();

If you are specifying several accessibility properties, make as many changes as you can before calling

Accessibility.updateProperties(), instead of calling it after each

property statement, as shown in the following example:

_accProps.name = "Pet Store"; animal_mc._accProps.name = "Animal"; animal_mc._accProps.description = "Cat, dog, fish, etc."; price_mc._accProps.name = "Price"; price_mc._accProps.description = "Cost of a single item"; Accessibility.updateProperties();

96 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

If you don’t specify an accessibility property for a document or an object, any values set in the Accessibility panel are implemented.

After you specify an accessibility property, you can’t revert its value to a value set in the Accessibility panel. However, you can set the property to its default value ( values; empty strings for string values) by deleting the property from the

false for Boolean

_accProps object, as

shown in the following example:

my_mc._accProps.silent = true; // set a property // other code here delete my_mc._accProps.silent; // revert to default value

The value of _accProps must be an object. This means that if no _accProps object already exists, you must create one before you can assign clues to the properties of the

if (_accProps == undefined) {

_accProps = new Object();

}

_accProps.name = "My movie";

Example

_accProps object.

If you change an image and want to update its accessibility description, you can use the following ActionScript code:

my_mc.gotoAndStop(2);

if (my_mc._accProps == undefined ) {

my_mc._accProps = new Object();

} my_mc._accProps.name = "Photo of Mount Rushmore"; Accessibility.updateProperties();

See also

Accessibility.isActive() System.capabilities.hasAccessibility

, Accessibility.updateProperties(),

_accProps 97

CHAPTER 2

ActionScript Language Reference

arguments object

Availability

Flash Player 5; property added in Flash Player 6.

Description

The arguments object is an array that contains the values that were passed as parameters to any function. Each time a function is called in ActionScript, an arguments object is automatically created for that function. A local variable, arguments object.

Property summary for the arguments object

Property Description

arguments.callee

arguments.caller

arguments.length

A reference to the function being called.

A reference to the calling function.

The number of parameters passed to a function.

arguments, is also created and lets you refer to the

98 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

arguments.callee

Availability

Flash Player 5.

Usage

arguments.callee:Function

Description

Property; refers to the function that is currently being called.

Example

You can use the arguments.callee property to make an anonymous function that is recursive, as shown in the following example:

factorial = function (x:Number) {

if (x<=1) {

return 1; } else {

return x*arguments.callee(x-1); }

}; trace(factorial(3)); // output: 6

The following example is a named recursive function:

function factorial(x:Number):Number {

if (x<=1) {

return 1; } else {

return x*factorial(x-1); }

} trace(factorial(4)); // output: 24

arguments.callee 99

arguments.caller

Availability

Flash Player 6.

Usage

arguments.caller:Function

Description

Property; refers to the calling function. The value of this property is null if the current function was not called by another function.

Example

The following example defines two functions—a caller function, named function1, which calls a another function, named function2:

// define the caller function, named function1 var function1:Function = function () {

function2("hello from function1");

}

// define the callee function, named function2 var function2:Function = function (aString:String) {

if (arguments.caller == function1) {

trace("function2 was called by function1");

trace(aString); }

}

// call function1 function1();

/* Output: function2 was called by function1 hello from function1 */

100 Chapter 2: ActionScript Language Reference

Macromedia Flash ActionScript - MX 2004 User Guide

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

CONTENTS

Introduction

Sample entry for most ActionScript elements

Entry title

Sample entry for classes

Entry title

Method and property summary tables

Constructor

Method, property, and event handler listings

Examples Folder

ActionScript Language Reference

++ (increment)

! (logical NOT)

!= (inequality)

!== (strict inequality)

% (modulo)

%= (modulo assignment)

& (bitwise AND)

&& (logical AND)

&= (bitwise AND assignment)

() (parentheses)

* (multiplication)

*= (multiplication assignment)

, (comma)

. (dot)

: (type)

?: (conditional)

/ (division)

// (comment delimiter)

/* (comment delimiter)

/= (division assignment)

[] (array access)

^ (bitwise XOR)

^= (bitwise XOR assignment)

{} (object initializer)

| (bitwise OR)

|| (logical OR)

|= (bitwise OR assignment)

~ (bitwise NOT)

+ (addition)

+= (addition assignment)

< (less than)

<< (bitwise left shift)

<<= (bitwise left shift and assignment)

<= (less than or equal to)

= (assignment)

-= (subtraction assignment)

== (equality)

=== (strict equality)

> (greater than)

>= (greater than or equal to)

>> (bitwise right shift)

>>= (bitwise right shift and assignment)

>>> (bitwise unsigned right shift)

>>>= (bitwise unsigned right shift and assignment)

Accessibility class

Method summary for the Accessibility class

Accessibility.isActive()

Accessibility.updateProperties()

_accProps

arguments object

Property summary for the arguments object

arguments.callee

arguments.caller