Mackie DRM215, DRM212, DRM315 User Manual

DRM212 • DRM215 • DRM315

Professional Powered Loudspeaker Series

OWNER’S MANUAL

Important Safety Instructions

1. Read these instructions.

2. Keep these instructions.

3. Heed all warnings.

4. Follow all instructions.

5. Do not use this apparatus near water.

6. Clean only with a dry cloth.

7. Do not block any ventilation openings. Install in accordance

with the manufacturer’s instructions.

8. Minimum distance (5 cm) around the apparatus for sucient ventilation. The ventilation should not be impeded by covering the ventilation openings with items, such as newspapers, table-cloths, curtains, etc.

9. Do not install near any heat sources such as radiators, heat registers, stoves, or other apparatus (including ampliﬁers) that produce heat.

10. No naked ﬂame sources, such as lighted candles, should be placed on the apparatus.

11. Do not defeat the safety purpose of the polarized or grounding-type plug. A polarized plug has two blades with one wider than the other. A grounding-type plug has two blades and a third grounding prong. The wide blade or the third prong are provided for your safety. If the provided plug does not ﬁt into your outlet, consult an electrician for replacement of the obsolete outlet.

12. Protect the power cord from being walked on or pinched particularly at plugs, convenience receptacles, and the point where they exit from the apparatus.

13. Only use attachments/accessories speciﬁed by the manufacturer.

14. Use only with a cart, stand, tripod, bracket, or table

speciﬁed by the manufacturer, or sold with the apparatus. When a cart is used, use caution when moving the cart/ apparatus combination to avoid injury from tip-over.

15. Unplug this apparatus during lightning storms or when unused for long periods of time.

16. Refer all servicing to qualiﬁed service personnel. Servicing is required when the apparatus has been damaged in any way, such as power-supply cord or plug is damaged, liquid has been spilled or objects have fallen into the apparatus, the apparatus has been exposed to rain or moisture, does not operate normally, or has been dropped.

DRM Professional Powered Loudspeaker Series

17. This apparatus shall not be exposed to dripping or splashing, and no object ﬁlled with liquids, such as vases or beer glasses, shall be placed on the apparatus.

18. Do not overload wall outlets and extension cords as this can result in a risk

of ﬁre or electric shock.

CAUTION

RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK! DO NOT OPEN!

CAUTION: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK DO NOT

REMOVE COVER (OR BACK). NO USER-SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE.

REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED PERSONNEL.

The lightning ﬂash with arrowhead symbol within an equilateral triangle is intended to alert the user to the prescence of uninsulated “dangerous voltage” within the product’s enclosure, that may be of signiﬁcant magnitude to constitute a risk of electric shock to persons.

The exclamation point within an equilateral triangle is intended to alert the user of the prescence of important operating and maintaining (servicing) instructions in the literature accompanying the appliance.

WARNING — To reduce the risk of ﬁre or electric shock, do not expose this apparatus to rain or moisture.

PORTABLE CART

WARNING

19. This apparatus has been designed with Class-I construction and must be connected to a mains socket outlet with a protective earthing connection (the third grounding prong).

20. This apparatus has been equipped with a rocker-style AC mains power switch. This switch is located on the rear panel and should remain readily accessible to the user.

21. The MAINS plug or an appliance coupler is used as the disconnect device, so the disconnect device shall remain readily operable.

22. The use of apparatus is in tropical and/or moderate climates.

23. NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits

for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 5 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

CAUTION: Changes or modiﬁcations to this device not expressly approved

by LOUD Audio, LLC could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment under FCC rules.

24. This apparatus does not exceed the Class A/Class B (whichever is applicable) limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the radio interference regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications.

ATTENTION

— Le présent appareil numérique n’émet pas de bruits radioélectriques dépassant las limites applicables aux appareils numériques de class A/de class B (selon le cas) prescrites dans le réglement sur le brouillage radioélectrique édicté par les ministere des communications du Canada.

25. Exposure to extremely high noise levels may cause permanent hearing loss. Individuals vary considerably in susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss, but nearly everyone will lose some hearing if exposed to suciently intense noise for a period of time. The U.S. Government’s Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has speciﬁed the permissible noise level exposures shown in the following chart.

According to OSHA, any exposure in excess of these permissible limits

could result in some hearing loss. To ensure against potentially dangerous exposure to high sound pressure levels, it is recommended that all persons exposed to equipment capable of producing high sound pressure levels use hearing protectors while the equipment is in operation. Ear plugs or protectors in the ear canals or over the ears must be worn when operating the equipment in order to prevent permanent hearing loss if exposure is in excess of the limits set forth here:

Duration, per day in hours

8 90 Duo in small club 6 92

4 95 Subway Train 3 97

2 00 Very loud classical music .5 02

 05 Matt screaming at Troy about deadlines

0.5 0

0.25 or less 5 Loudest parts at a rock concert

Sound Level dBA, Slow Response

Typical Example

CAUTION — To prevent electric shock hazard, do not connect to mains power supply while grille is removed.

Laite on liitettävä suojakoskettimilla varustettuun pistorasiaan.

Apparatet må tilkoples jordet stikkontakt.

Apparaten skall anslutas till jordat uttag.

Correct disposal of this product: This symbol indicates that this product should not be disposed of with your household waste, according to the WEEE directive (202/9/EU) and your national law. This product should be handed over to an authorized collection site for recycling waste electrical and electronic equipment (EEE). Improper handling of this type of waste could have a possible negative impact on the environment and human health due to potentially hazardous substances that are generally associated with EEE. At the same time, your cooperation in the correct disposal of this product will contribute to the eective usage of natural resources. For more information about where you can drop o your waste equipment for recycling, please contact your local city oce, waste authority, or your household waste disposal service.

DRM Professional Powered Loudspeaker Series

Contents Features

Owner’s Manual

Important Safety Instructions ........................................... 2

Contents / Features ............................................................ 3

Introduction / Getting Started ........................................... 4

Hookup Diagrams ............................................................... 5

DRM Loudspeakers: Rear Panel Features .......................0

1. Power Connection ...................................................0

2. Power Switch ..........................................................0

3. XLR and 1/4” Combo Inputs ...................................0

4. Gain [Ch. 1 and 2] ................................................... 

5. Direct Out [Ch. 1 and 2] ......................................... 

6. 1/8” Input [Ch. 3/4] ................................................ 

7. Gain [Ch. 3/4] ......................................................... 

8. Mix Out .................................................................... 

9. LCD Display ............................................................ 

10. Speaker Control Knob .......................................... 

DRM Control Dashboard™ ................................................2

Main .............................................................................2

Speaker Mode .............................................................2

Sub ..............................................................................3

EQ Setup ......................................................................4

Delay ............................................................................5

Conﬁguration ..............................................................6

Protection Circuitry ...........................................................8

Limiting .......................................................................8

Overexcursion Protection ..........................................8

Thermal Protection ....................................................8

AC Power ............................................................................9

Care and Maintenance ......................................................9

Placement ..........................................................................9

Room Acoustics ................................................................ 20

Rigging ..............................................................................2

Appendix A: Service Information ..................................... 22

Appendix B: Technical Information ................................. 23

DRM Dimensions ....................................................... 25

DRM Block Diagram .................................................. 26

Limited Warranty .............................................................. 27

• High-eciency Class-D ampliﬁers o Up to 2300W of power oers ample headroom

for professional applications

o Universal power supply (00-240 VAC) with Power

Factor Correction technology ensures consistent performance even with unstable AC power

o Next-gen protection circuitry keeps transducers safe

and ensures peak performance in all applications

• Advanced Impulse™ DSP module o Precision crossovers and transducer time-alignment

deliver reference quality sound that is consistent throughout the frequency range

o Cutting-edge FIR Filtering drastically reduces inherent

anomalies, phase issues, and muddy midrange resulting in crystal clear sound

• DRM Control Dashboard™ features a high-contrast full color display for easy single-knob access to conﬁguration, processing, and more

o View current EQ and voicing mode, high-resolution

metering, and more from a single overview window

o Application and venue speciﬁc modes provide easy

to use voicing with minimal setup time

o Adjustable 3-band parametric EQ allows for additional

customization and tuning for your application and venue

o Alignment Delay control for delay stacks o Save and recall up to 6 user presets for various

applications and venues

o Screensaver plus dimmer and contrast control o System lock with 4-digit passcode

• Dual independent inputs that support mic, line, and instrument signals plus a dedicated /8" stereo aux input

• Premium components and cabinet design

o Road-worthy plywood construction and internal bracing

oers optimal acoustic performance with a touring-grade textured coating and powder-coated heavy gauge steel grille

o Unique ported design provides exceptionally smooth yet

punchy low frequency response while providing cool air directly to the internal ampliﬁer

o Titanium diaphragm compression drivers are perfectly

matched to the ampliﬁer for maximum transparency and clarity

o Custom high-excursion woofers oer minimal distortion

with increased bass response and reliability to withstand the most demanding live applications

• Versatile conﬁguration

o DRM22 and DRM25 feature an angled cabinet design

for use as ﬂoor monitors and dual angle pole-mounts for optimal coverage

o DRM35 features a single angle pole-mount

• Professional rigging options

o M0 ﬂypoints for professional installations**

Like us

Part No. SW266 Rev. A 0/9

**DRM22 and DRM25 can be ﬂown in vertical orientation only **DRM35 can be ﬂown in both horizontal and vertical orientation

Watch our dang videos

Owner’s Manual

Introduction

Getting Started

DRM Series Professional Powered Loudspeakers deliver

class-leading power via ultra-ecient Class-D ampliﬁers with next-gen protection and Power Factor Correction technology for peak performance when you need it.

Advanced Impulse™ DSP provides acoustic correction

and time-alignment via precision tuned FIR ﬁlters for crystal clear, punchy sound typically experienced only with massive touring systems. The DRM Control Dashboard™ features a high-contrast, full-color display on the back panel for quick and easy setup.

Custom transducers housed in touring-grade plywood

cabinets are designed for consistent performance in the most demanding applications.

Equipped with M0 ﬂypoints, dual angle pole mounts,

and available line array conﬁgurations – the DRM Series is perfect for clubs, houses of worship, rental systems and more.

How to Use This Manual:

Afer this introduction, a getting started guide will help

you get things set up fast. The hookup diagrams show some typical DRM loudspeaker setups, including some that involve

DRM Professional Powered Loudspeaker Series

the DRM8S subwoofer.

This icon marks information that is critically important or unique! For your own good, read and remember them...it is a good idea to pay special attention to these areas in the Owner’s Manual marked with the “VERY IMPORTANT” hand icon.

The following steps will help you set up the loudspeakers

quickly.

. Make all initial connections with the power switches OFF

on all equipment. Make sure the master volume, level and gain controls are all the way down.

2. If not using a subwoofer, connect the outputs from

the mixing console (or other signal source) to the inputs on the rear panel of the loudspeakers.

3. If using a subwoofer, connect the outputs from

the mixing console (or other signal source) to the inputs on the subwoofer, then connect the high pass outputs from the subwoofer to the inputs of the loudspeakers.

4. Push the line cord securely into the subwoofer’s /

loudspeaker’s IEC connectors and plug the other ends into grounded AC outlets. The subwoofer/loudspeaker may accept the appropriate voltage as indicated near the IEC connector.

5. Turn the mixer (or other signal source) on.

6. Turn the subwoofer on (if applicable).

7. Turn the loudspeakers on.

8. Make sure the loudspeaker’s channel levels are set

to (or near) 0 dB.

9. Start the signal source and raise the mixer’s main L/R

fader up to a comfortably loud listening level.

There’s an illustration of a microscope, so, of course, you’re going to get more detailed information when you see this little guy. There are explanations of features and practical tips listed here.

It’s a good idea to pay attention to text displayed next to a note icon, as this icon draws attention to certain features and functions relating to the usage of the DRM Series.

Please write the serial numbers here for future reference (i.e., insurance claims, tech support, return authorization, make dad proud, etc.)

Purchased at:

Date of purchase:

Things to Remember:

• Never listen to loud music for prolonged periods. Please see

the Safety Instructions on page 2 for information on hearing protection.

• As a general guide, the mixer (or other signal source) should

be turned on ﬁrst, subwoofers next, and DRM loudspeakers last. As such, the DRM loudspeakers should also be turned o ﬁrst, followed by the subwoofers, then the mixer. This will reduce the possibility of any turn-on or turn-o thumps and other noises generated by any upstream equipment from coming out of the speakers.

• Save the shipping boxes and packing materials! You may

need them someday. Besides, the cats will love playing in them and jumping out at you unexpectedly. Remember to pretend like you are surprised!

• Save your sales receipt in a safe place.

DRM Professional Powered Loudspeaker Series

Hookup Diagrams

SPEAKER CONTROL

PUSH FOR SETTINGS

GAIN GAIN

GAIN

MIC

LINE

+50dBOFF

MAXOFF

INPUT INPUT

INPUT

MIX OUTDIRECT OUTDIRECT OUT

SPEAKER VOICING

LIVE SHOW

LIVE

SPEECH

Owner’s Manual

SPEAKER CONTROL

CLUB

MON

PUSH FOR SETTINGS

SPEAKER CONTROL

GAIN GAIN

LINE

GAIN

MIC

LINE

+50dBOFF

INPUT

INPUT INPUT

PUSH FOR SETTINGS

MIC

SPEAKER VOICING

MONITOR POSITION

LIVE

SPEECH

MAXOFF

MIX OUTDIRECT OUTDIRECT OUT

CONFIGURATION

MEMORY 1 2 3 4 5 6 LOCK PIN 1 2 3 4

CH2 IN LO-Z HI-Z

BACKLIGHT FRONT LED RESET ABOUT

OFF DIM ON

OFF ON

CLUB

MON

DRM loudspeakers are the perfect tool for singer-songwriters touring the local coee shops. Bring your favorite axe and mic, DRM loudspeakers and cables and power cords.

In this example, a dynamic microphone is connected to the channel  input of a DRM22 loudspeaker, used for monitoring purposes.

Now grab your axe and plug it directly into the channel 2 input. Or if you use eects, connect the guitar to the eects input and another cable from the eects output to the channel 2 input.

A DRM25 loudspeaker will be used for the main PA. Simply connect a cable from the DRM22 monitor’s MIX OUT jack to the DRM25 PA’s channel  input.

For the output, you will want to set a speaker mode, described in detail on page 2. For this type of setup, Live works well for the main DRM25. Select the Monitor mode for the DRM22 monitor. Additionally, you will want to set the monitor’s conﬁguration > channel 2 input to Hi-Z to account for the guitar.

Singer-Songwriter Setup

Owner’s Manual

Hookup Diagrams continued...

SPEAKER CONTROL

PUSH FOR SETTINGS

GAIN GAIN

GAIN

MIC

LINE

+50dBOFF

MAXOFF

INPUT INPUT

INPUT

MIX OUTDIRECT OUTDIRECT OUT

SPEAKER VOICING

LIVE SHOW

LIVE

SPEECH

SPEAKER CONTROL

LINE HI-Z

CLUB

MON

PUSH FOR SETTINGS

GAIN GAIN

MIC

LINE

+50dBOFF

INPUT INPUT

SPEAKER CONTROL

PUSH FOR SETTINGS

GAIN

MIC

LINE

+50dBOFF

MAXOFF

INPUT

MIX OUTDIRECT OUTDIRECT OUT

In this example, a ProFX8v2 mixer is connected directly to two DRM25 loudspeakers. It is the perfect setup for a small club or... a fun karaoke house party! Simply connect the L/R outputs of the ProFX8v2 mixer to the CH input of each DRM25 loudspeaker. Don’t forget to set the Speaker Mode on both loudspeakers to Live... or Club if you want a little more low-end thump!

DRM Professional Powered Loudspeaker Series

GAIN GAIN

MIC

LINE

+50dBOFF

INPUT INPUT

SPEAKER CONTROL

PUSH FOR SETTINGS

GAIN

MIC

LINE

+50dBOFF

MAXOFF

INPUT

MIX OUTDIRECT OUTDIRECT OUT

SPEAKER VOICING

LIVE SHOW

LIVE

SPEECH

SUBWOOFER HPF

DRM SUB

SPEAKER CONTROL

DRM SUB

LINE HI-Z

SPEAKER CONTROL

PUSH FOR SETTINGS

VAROFF

CLUB

MON

INPUT

DIRECT OUT

HIGH-PASS OUT HIGH-PASS OUT

PUSH FOR SETTINGS

INPUT

DIRECT OUT

SPEAKER CONTROL

PUSH FOR SETTINGS

GAIN GAIN

GAIN

MIC

LINE

+50dBOFF

MAXOFF

INPUT INPUT

INPUT

MIX OUTDIRECT OUTDIRECT OUT

100-240VAC

50-60 Hz 110W

If you desire a little more boom, add a DRM8S subwoofer to the mix. Here, the L/R outputs of a ProFX8v2 mixer are connected directly to the CH and CH2 inputs of the DRM8S subwoofer. Then the High-Pass Outs of the subwoofer are connected to the channel  inputs of a pair of DRM25 loudspeakers. Here you will want to set the Speaker Mode to either Live or Club and the Subwoofer HPF to DRM Sub (or Var if using a dierent subwoofer). If using a DRM18S, change its X-Over to DRM Top for a perfectly matched set!

Small Club System

DRM Professional Powered Loudspeaker Series

Hookup Diagrams continued...

SPEAKER CONTROL

PUSH FOR SETTINGS

GAIN GAIN

GAIN

MIC

LINE

+50dBOFF

MAXOFF

INPUT INPUT

INPUT

MIX OUTDIRECT OUTDIRECT OUT

SPEAKER VOICING

CLUB

LIVE

SPEECH

SUBWOOFER HPF

DRM SUB

SPEAKER CONTROL

CLUB

MON

SPEAKER CONTROL

VAROFF

PUSH FOR SETTINGS

SPEAKER CONTROL

GAIN GAIN

MIC

LINE

+50dBOFF

INPUT INPUT

Owner’s Manual

PUSH FOR SETTINGS

GAIN

MIC

+50dBOFF

MAXOFF

INPUT

MIX OUTDIRECT OUTDIRECT OUT

INPUT

SPEAKER CONTROL

PUSH FOR SETTINGS

DIRECT OUT

HIGH-PASS OUT HIGH-PASS OUT

DIRECT OUT

100-240VAC

50-60 Hz 110W

SPEAKER CONTROL

PUSH FOR SETTINGS

Perhaps you’re a DJ playing bumpin’ tunes in the middle of the night to a crowd that’s groovin’ and dancin’ to your ﬁne selection.

In this example, a laptop is connected to the inputs of two DRM8S subwoofers with the X-Over set to DRM Top.

The High-Pass Out of each subwoofer is then connected to the input of each DRM22 loudspeaker. Additionally, a set of Mackie MC-250 headphones is connected to the phones jack of the laptop.

INPUT

DIRECT OUT

HIGH-PASS OUT HIGH-PASS OUT

INPUT

DIRECT OUT

100-240VAC

50-60 Hz 110W

The Speaker Modes of both loudspeakers may be set to Club and the Subwoofer HPF set to DRM Sub.

DJ System

Owner’s Manual

Hookup Diagrams continued...

DRM Professional Powered Loudspeaker Series

To next DRM loudspeaker

input

GAIN GAIN

LINE

INPUT INPUT

To next DRM loudspeaker

input

SPEAKER CONTROL

Main

PUSH FOR SETTINGS

GAIN

MIC

LINE

+50dBOFF

MAXOFF

INPUT

MIX OUTDIRECT OUTDIRECT OUT

GAIN GAIN

LINE

INPUT INPUT

PUSH FOR SETTINGS

GAIN

MIC

LINE

+50dBOFF

MAXOFF

INPUT

MIX OUTDIRECT OUTDIRECT OUT

Outs

GAIN GAIN

LINE

INPUT INPUT

PUSH FOR SETTINGS

GAIN

MIC

LINE

+50dBOFF

MAXOFF

INPUT

MIX OUTDIRECT OUTDIRECT OUT

GAIN GAIN

LINE

INPUT INPUT

PUSH FOR SETTINGS

GAIN

MIC

LINE

+50dBOFF

MAXOFF

INPUT

MIX OUTDIRECT OUTDIRECT OUT

1402VLZ4 Mixer

To next DRM loudspeaker

input

SPEAKER CONTROL

GAIN GAIN

GAIN

MIC

LINE

+50dBOFF

INPUT

INPUT INPUT

PUSH FOR SETTINGS

MIC

MAXOFF

MIX OUTDIRECT OUTDIRECT OUT

SPEAKER CONTROL

GAIN GAIN

GAIN

MIC

LINE

+50dBOFF

INPUT

INPUT INPUT

PUSH FOR SETTINGS

MIC

SPEAKER CONTROL

GAIN GAIN

MAXOFF

MIX OUTDIRECT OUTDIRECT OUT

LINE

INPUT INPUT

PUSH FOR SETTINGS

GAIN

MIC

LINE

+50dBOFF

MAXOFF

INPUT

MIX OUTDIRECT OUTDIRECT OUT

DRM loudspeakers may be daisy-chained via the male XLR connector labeled “DIRECT OUT” (which sends only the signal from the input located above it) or via the “MIX OUT” which outputs all inputs. Simply plug the signal source (i.e., mixer output or microphone) into the input jack(s), and patch that loudspeaker’s direct out or mix out jack to the next loudspeaker’s input jack, and so on, daisy-chaining multiple DRM loudspeakers. See above for visual representations of daisy-chaining.

Daisy-Chaining Multiple DRM Loudspeakers

DRM Professional Powered Loudspeaker Series

Hookup Diagrams continued...

Owner’s Manual

GAIN GAIN

LINE

INPUT INPUT

SPEAKER CONTROL

PUSH FOR SETTINGS

SPEAKER CONTROL

SUBWOOFER HPF

DRM SUB

DRM

VAROFF

SUB

SPEAKER CONTROL

PUSH FOR SETTINGS

GAIN

MIC

LINE

+50dBOFF

MAXOFF

INPUT

MIX OUTDIRECT OUTDIRECT OUT

INPUT

DIRECT OUT

HIGH-PASS OUT HIGH-PASS OUT

INPUT

DIRECT OUT

100-240VAC

50-60 Hz 110W

INPUT

SPEAKER CONTROL

DIRECT OUT

PUSH FOR SETTINGS

HIGH-PASS OUT HIGH-PASS OUT

PUSH FOR SETTINGS

100-240VAC

50-60 Hz 110W

SPEAKER VOICING

LIVE SHOW

LIVE

SPEECH

SPEAKER VOICING

MONITOR POSITION

LIVE

SPEECH

SPEAKER CONTROL

CLUB

MON

SPEAKER CONTROL

CLUB

MON

PUSH FOR SETTINGS

SPEAKER CONTROL

PUSH FOR SETTINGS

GAIN GAIN

GAIN

MIC

LINE

+50dBOFF

MAXOFF

INPUT INPUT

INPUT

MIX OUTDIRECT OUTDIRECT OUT

INPUT

SPEAKER CONTROL

INPUT

DIRECT OUT

PUSH FOR SETTINGS

HIGH-PASS OUT HIGH-PASS OUT

100-240VAC

50-60 Hz 110W

INPUT

SPEAKER CONTROL

DIRECT OUT

PUSH FOR SETTINGS

HIGH-PASS OUT HIGH-PASS OUT

100-240VAC

50-60 Hz 110W

Here’s how to set up a large club system. In this example, the L/R outputs of a DL6S mixer are connected directly to the CH inputs of a pair of DRM8S subwoofers. The Direct Out of each subwoofer is then connected to the inputs of an additional pair of DRM8S subwoofers. The X-Over of these subwoofers may be set to DRM Top.

From here, the high-pass outputs of the two outer DRM8S subwoofers are connected directly to the inputs of a set of DRM35 loudspeakers. The Speaker Modes of these PA loudspeakers may be set to Live (or Club) and the Subwoofer HPF set to DRM Sub. Talk about beefy low end!

Outputs  and 2 from the mixer may be used as aux sends; these are connected directly to the CH inputs of a pair of DRM22 loudspeakers to be used as monitors for the band. The Speaker Modes of the monitor loudspeakers may be set to Monitor.

Large Club System

Owner’s Manual

+ 19 hidden pages