Page 1
Version 1.0
English
Leica GPS900
Technical Reference Manual
Page 2
Introduction
Purchase Congratulations on the purchase of a GPS900 Series instrument.
)
Product identification The type and the serial number of your product are indicated on the type plate.
Symbols The symbols used in this manual have the following meanings:
Trademarks • Windows and Windows CE are a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation
To use the product in a permitted manner, please refer to the detailed safety directions in
the User Manual.
Enter the type and serial number in your manual and always refer to this information when
you need to contact your agency or Leica Geosystems authorized service workshop.
Type: _________________________
Serial No.: _________________________
Type Description
)
• Bluetooth is a registered trademark of Bluetooth SIG, Inc
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Important paragraphs which must be adhered to in practice as they enable
the product to be used in a technically correct and efficient manner.
Introduction GPS900 2
Page 3
Table of Contents
In this manual Chapter Page
PART 1 - The System
1 Managing, Creating, Editing Jobs 11
1.1 Accessing Job Management 11
1.2 Creating a New Job 13
1.3 Editing an Existing Job 14
2 Managing, Creating, Editing Points/Data 16
2.1 Accessing Data Management 16
2.2 Creating a New Point 18
2.3 Editing an Existing Point 21
2.4 Viewing the Data Log 25
2.5 Point Sorting 27
2.6 Terminology 29
3 Managing, Creating, Editing Codes/Codelists 38
3.1 Overview of Codelists 38
3.2 Accessing Codelist Management 40
3.3 Creating/Editing a Codelist 41
3.4 Accessing Code Management 42
3.5 Creating/Editing a Code 44
3.6 Managing Job Codes 46
3.7 Terminology 48
Table of Contents GPS900 3
Page 4
4 Managing, Creating, Editing Coord Systems 54
4.1 Overview of Coordinate Systems 54
4.2 Accessing Coordinate System Management 57
4.3 Creating/Editing a Coordinate System 59
4.4 Transformations 61
4.4.1 Accessing Transformation Management 61
4.4.2 Creating/Editing a Transformation 63
4.5 Ellipsoids 65
4.5.1 Accessing Ellipsoid Management 65
4.5.2 Creating/Editing a Ellipsoid 67
4.6 Projections 68
4.6.1 Accessing Projection Management 68
4.6.2 Creating/Editing a Projection 71
4.7 Geoid Models 72
4.7.1 Overview of Geoid Models 72
4.7.2 Accessing Geoid Model Management 73
4.7.3 Creating a Geoid Model from the Internal Memory 75
4.8 CSCS Models 76
4.9 Terminology 77
5 Converting Data - Copy, Export, Import 80
5.1 Copying Points Between Jobs 80
5.2 Exporting Data from a Job 82
5.3 Importing Data to a Job 85
6 Configuring the Antenna 89
7 Configuring the Codes and their Attributes 91
8 Configuring the Coordinate Quality Control 93
Table of Contents GPS900 4
Page 5
9Configuring the Display Mask 95
10 Configuring the HOT Keys and the USER Menu 98
11 Configuring the Instrument Identification 100
12 Configuring the Language 101
13 Configuring the Local Time Zone 102
14 Configuring the Point Occupation Settings 103
15 Configuring the Radio Channel 105
16 Configuring the Satellite Cut Off Angle 107
17 Configuring the Screen Display 108
18 Configuring the Units and Formats 111
19 Using the Tools - Activating Licence Keys 118
20 Using the Tools - Calculating with Calculator 121
20.1 Overview of Calculator 121
20.2 Using the Calculator in RPN Mode 122
20.3 Using the Calculator in Standard Mode 124
20.4 Description of Softkeys 126
20.5 Configuring the Calculator 130
21 Using the Tools - Formating Objects 132
22 Using the Tools - Transferring Objects 133
Table of Contents GPS900 5
Page 6
23 Using the Tools - Uploading Software 135
24 Using the Tools - Viewing Data 138
25 Understanding MapView 141
25.1 Overview of MapView 141
25.2 Configuring MapView 143
25.3 MapView Components - The Softkeys 146
25.4 MapView Components - The Screen Area 147
25.5 MapView Components - The Toolbar 148
25.6 MapView Components - The Point Symbols 149
26 Understanding HOT Keys, USER key, STATUS Key 150
26.1 The HOT Keys 150
26.2 The USER Key 151
26.3 The STATUS Key 152
26.3.1 The Status Menu 152
26.3.2 Status Satellite Information 153
26.3.3 Status Real-Time Data Input 155
26.3.4 Status Current Antenna Position 159
26.3.5 Status Battery Level and Memory Usage 161
26.3.6 Status System Information 163
26.3.7 Status Radio Information 164
Table of Contents GPS900 6
Page 7
PART 2 - The Applications
27 Working with COGO 166
27.1 An Overview of the Program 166
27.2 Starting the Program 167
27.3 Calculating with Inverse 170
27.4 Calculating with Intersections 172
27.5 Calculating with Lines 177
27.6 Calculating with Arcs 180
27.7 Configuring the Program 184
28 Working with Determine Coord System 185
28.1 An Overview of the Program 185
28.2 Starting the Program 190
28.3 Determining a New Coord System using the Normal Method 192
28.4 Updating an Existing Coord System using the Normal Method 200
28.5 Determining a New Coord System using the One Pt. Local. Method 201
28.6 Configuring the Program 208
29 Working with GPS Resection 209
29.1 An Overview of the Program 209
29.2 Starting the Program 210
29.3 Using the Program 211
30 Working with Reference Line 215
30.1 An Overview of the Program 215
30.2 Starting the Program 217
30.3 Measuring to a Reference Line/Arc 220
30.4 Staking to a Reference Line/Arc 225
30.5 Configuring the Program 231
Table of Contents GPS900 7
Page 8
31 Working with Setup Reference 234
31.1 An Overview of the Program 234
31.2 Starting the Program 235
31.3 Using the Program 236
32 Working with Stakeout 240
32.1 An Overview of the Program 240
32.2 Starting the Program 242
32.3 Staking the Points 245
32.4 Staking the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) 249
32.5 Understanding the Stakeout Icons in MapView 252
32.6 Configuring the Program 254
33 Working with Survey 258
33.1 Starting the Program 258
33.2 Surveying the Points 260
33.3 Surveying the Auto Points 261
33.4 Configuring the Program - Setting the Logging Method 263
33.5 Configuring the Program - Setting the Display Mask 265
Appendix A Menu Tree 267
Appendix B Memory Types 270
Appendix C Directory Structure of the Memory Device 271
Appendix D Pin Assignments and Sockets 273
D.1 RX900 273
D.2 ATX900 274
Table of Contents GPS900 8
Page 9
Appendix E Cables 276
Index 278
Table of Contents GPS900 9
Page 10
PART 1 - The System
PART 1 - The System GPS900 10
Page 11
1 Managing, Creating, Editing Jobs
1.1 Accessing Job Management
Access .
Managing jobs Listed are all jobs stored in the internal memory. Jobs:
• structure surveying projects.
• contain all points and codes that are recorded and stored.
• can be downloaded to LGO for viewing or for data transfer to a further program.
• can be uploaded from LGO, for example, for real-time stake out operations.
• are stored in internal memory.
CONT (F1)
To select a job and continue.
NEW (F2)
To create a job.
EDIT (F3)
To edit the highlighted job.
DEL (F4)
To delete the highlighted job.
DATA (F5)
To view, edit and delete points stored with
the job.
The default job A job called Default is available on RX900 after formatting the internal memory or deleting
all jobs from MANAGE Jobs.
Managing, Creating, Editing Jobs GPS900 11
Page 12
The active job The active job is the one data is stored to. One job is always considered the active job. After
formatting the internal memory, the job Default is used until a user defined job is created
and selected.
Managing, Creating, Editing Jobs GPS900 12
Page 13
1.2 Creating a New Job
Creating a new job
step-by-step
Step Description
1.
2. In MANAGE Jobs highlight a job. The settings of this job are applied to the new
job.
3. NEW (F2) to access MANAGE New Job.
4. MANAGE New Job, General page
Name. A unique name for the new job. The name may be up to 16 characters
long and may include spaces. Input required.
Creator. The person’s name who is creating the new job. Input optional.
5. PAGE (F6) changes to the Codelist page.
6. MANAGE New Job, Codelist page
Codelist. Choosing a codelist copies the codes to the job.
7. PAGE (F6) changes to the Coord System page.
8. MANAGE New Job, Coord System page
Coord System. Choosing a coordinate system attaches it to the job. If it is not
known which coordinate system to use, select Coord System: WGS 1984.
All other fields on this screen are output fields. They depend on the transforma-
tion type of the selected coordinate system.
9. STORE (F1) creates the new job and returns to MANAGE Jobs.
.
Managing, Creating, Editing Jobs GPS900 13
Page 14
1.3 Editing an Existing Job
Editing an existing job
step-by-step
Step Description
1.
2. In MANAGE Jobs highlight a job to be edited.
3. EDIT (F3)
4. MANAGE Edit Job: Job Name, General page
Name. Rename the job.
The remaining functionality on this page is identical with the creation of a new
job.
)
)
5. PAGE (F6) changes to the Codelist page.
6. Are codes stored in the job?
7. No codes are stored in the job.
DATA (F5) accesses MANAGE Data: Job Name. To view, edit and delete points
stored with the job. Selected sort and filter settings apply.
SHIFT LOG (F5) accesses MANAGE Data Log: Job Name. To view, edit and delete
points stored with the job. Points are sorted by time in one list.
• If no, continue with step 7.
• If yes, continue with step 9.
MANAGE Edit Job: Job Name, Codelist page
Codelist: None This default setting can be changed. Choosing a codelist copies
the codes to the job.
.
Managing, Creating, Editing Jobs GPS900 14
Page 15
Step Description
8. PAGE (F6) changes to the Coord System page. Continue with step 11.
9. Codes are stored in the job.
MANAGE Edit Job: Job Name, Codelist page
Codelist. If codes had been copied from a System RAM codelist, the name of the
codelist is displayed. If codes have been typed in, then the name of the active
job is displayed.
)
10. PAGE (F6) changes to the Coord System page.
11. MANAGE Edit Job: Job Name, Coord System page
12. STORE (F1) stores the changes and returns to the screen from where MANAGE
CODES (F4) views codes currently stored in the job.
The functionality on this page is identical with the creation of a new job.
Edit Job: Job Name was accessed.
Managing, Creating, Editing Jobs GPS900 15
Page 16
2 Managing, Creating, Editing Points/Data
2.1 Accessing Data Management
Access step-by-step
Managing points • The points listed on the page belong to the currently active job. The order of the points
Step Description
1.
2. In MANAGE Jobs highlight a job.
3. DATA (F5) to access MANAGE Data: Job Name.
depend on the active sort settings.
• Data is a generic term for points.
• Data management is the administration of data stored in the active job. This includes
• viewing data with their related information.
• editing data.
•creating new data.
• deleting existing data.
• sorting existing data.
GPS900 does not have an averaging functionality.
.
)
Managing, Creating, Editing Points/Data GPS900 16
Page 17
CONT (F1)
To accept the screen entries and continue.
NEW (F2)
To create a point.
EDIT (F3)
To edit the highlighted point.
DEL (F4)
To delete the highlighted point.
MORE (F5)
To display information about the codes if
stored with any point, the time and the date
of when the point was stored and the 3D
coordinate quality and the class.
PAGE (F6)
To change to another page on the screen.
SHIFT LOG (F4)
To view points and free codes stored with
the job sorted by time.
SHIFT FILT (F5)
To define sort settings.
Managing, Creating, Editing Points/Data GPS900 17
Page 18
2.2 Creating a New Point
Access step-by-step
Creating a new point
step-by-step
Step Description
1.
2. In MANAGE Jobs highlight a job.
3. DATA (F5) to access MANAGE Data: Job Name.
Step Description
1. MANAGE Data: Job Name, Points page.
2. NEW (F2) to access MANAGE New Point.
3. MANAGE New Point, Coords page.
Enter a point ID and the coordinates.
)
)
)
)
COORD (F2) to view other coordinate types.
Negative geodetic coordinates are interpreted as being of the opposite hemi-
sphere or other side of the central meridian. For example, entering -25 °N will be
stored as 25 °S, entering -33 °E will be stored as 33 °W.
NORTH (F3) or SOUTH (F3). Available for local geodetic or WGS 1984 geodetic
coordinates when Local Lat or WGS 1984 Lat is highlighted. Changes between
North and South latitude.
EAST (F3) or WEST (F3). Available for local geodetic or WGS 1984 geodetic coor-
dinates when Local Long or WGS 1984 Long is highlighted. Changes between East
and West longitude.
.
Managing, Creating, Editing Points/Data GPS900 18
Page 19
Step Description
)
4. PAGE (F6) changes to the Code page.
5. MANAGE New Point, Code page
6. Is Thematc Codes: With Codelist?
SHIFT ELL H (F2) or SHIFT ORTH (F2). Available for local coordinates. Changes
between the ellipsoidal and the orthometric height.
The setting for Thematc Codes in CONFIGURE Coding determines the availability of
the subsequent fields and softkeys.
• For Thematc Codes: With Codelist:
The codes from the job codelist are used.
Point Code. All point codes of the job codelist can be selected.
The description of the code is shown as an output field.
The attributes are shown as output, input or choicelist fields depending on
their definition.
• For Thematc Codes: Without Codelist:
Codes for points can be typed in but not selected from a codelist.
Code. The code to be stored with the point. A check is performed to see if a
point code of this name already exists in the job. If so, the according attributes
are shown. Attribute n. Up to four attribute values are available.
•If yes, continue with the next row.
• If no, continue with step 7.
NEW-A (F2) allows additional attributes to be created for this point code.
)
Managing, Creating, Editing Points/Data GPS900 19
Page 20
Step Description
)
7. STORE (F1) stores the new point entered and all associated information and
)
NAME (F3) or VALUE (F3)
Available for attributes for which an attribute name can be typed in.
To highlight Attribute n or the field for the attribute value. The name of Attribute
n can be edited and an attribute value can be typed in.
returns to MANAGE Data: Job Name, Points page.
It may happen that a point with the same point ID exists in the job. In that case,
a new point ID has to be typed in.
Managing, Creating, Editing Points/Data GPS900 20
Page 21
2.3 Editing an Existing Point
Access step-by-step
Editing an existing
point step-by-step
Step Description
1.
2. In MANAGE Jobs highlight a job.
3. DATA (F5) to access MANAGE Data: Job Name.
Step Description
1. In MANAGE Data: Job Name, Points page highlight a point to be edited.
2. EDIT (F3) to access MANAGE Edit Point: Point ID.
The visible pages on this screen depend on the properties of the point being
)
edited.
3. MANAGE Edit Point: Point ID, Coords page
It is possible to edit the point ID and for points of Class: CTRL and Class: EST also
the coordinates. Other point related data is shown in output fields.
Points of Class: REF cannot be renamed.
)
Changing the point ID for a point of any class applies this new point ID to
)
all other points with the same original name, regardless of class.
)
MORE (F5) displays information about class, sub class, 3D coordinate quality,
time and date of when point was stored, the instrument source and the source.
COORD (F2) to view other coordinate types.
.
)
Managing, Creating, Editing Points/Data GPS900 21
Page 22
Step Description
)
4. Is Class: MEAS?
5. The edited point is Class: MEAS.
6. MANAGE Edit Point: Point ID, Obs page
)
7. PAGE (F6) changes to the Code page.
8. MANAGE Edit Point: Point ID, Code page
SHIFT ELL H (F2) or SHIFT ORTH (F2). Available for local coordinates. Change
between the option to enter an ellipsoidal or an orthometric height.
Changing the height type does not edit the point.
• If yes, continue with step 5.
• If no, continue with step 7.
PAGE (F6) changes to the Obs page.
For GPS points
The name of the real-time reference station from where the GPS point was measured, the name of antenna used to measure the point and the baseline values are
shown in output fields.
For TPS points
The name of the station from where the point was measured is shown in an
output field.
MORE (F5) Available for TPS points. Displays the horizontal angle or the azimuth
from the point to the instrument.
The point code can be edited. All point codes in the job can be selected.
The description of the code is shown as an output field.
Managing, Creating, Editing Points/Data GPS900 22
Page 23
Step Description
The attributes are shown as output, input or choicelist fields depending on their
definition.
)
)
9. Is Class: MEAS and no offset point or Class: NAV?
10. Is Class: AVGE?
11. The edited point is Class: MEAS and no offset point or Class: NAV.
12. MANAGE Edit Point: Point ID, Annots page
13. The edited point is Class: AVGE.
14. MANAGE Edit Point: Point ID, Mean page
NEW-A (F2) allows additional attributes to be created for this point code.
NAME (F3) or VALUE (F3)
Available for attributes for which an attribute name can be typed in.
To highlight Attribute n: or the field for the attribute value. The name of Attribute
n can be edited and an attribute value can be typed in.
• If yes, continue with step 11.
• If no, continue with step 10.
• If yes, continue with step 13.
• If no, continue with step 15.
PAGE (F6) changes to the Annots page.
The comments to be stored with the point can be edited.
Continue with step 15.
PAGE (F6) changes to the Mean page.
Managing, Creating, Editing Points/Data GPS900 23
Page 24
Step Description
All points of Class: MEAS of the same point ID are listed sorted by time. The
settings in the Use column can be edited.
15. STORE (F1) stores the changes and returns to MANAGE Data: Job Name.
An edited point retains the creation value for Time.
)
Changing coordinates of a point which has been previously used in other
)
application programs, for example COGO, does not update the application
results.
)
It may happen that a point with the same point ID exists in the job. In that case,
a new point ID has to be typed in.
Managing, Creating, Editing Points/Data GPS900 24
Page 25
2.4 Viewing the Data Log
Description A list of all objects and free codes in the active job is displayed in order of time.
Access step-by-step
Viewing the data log
Step Description
1.
.
2. In MANAGE Jobs highlight a job.
3. DATA (F5) to access MANAGE Data: Job Name, Points page.
4. SHIFT LOG (F4) to access MANAGE Data Log: Job Name.
In the column Data Record, all points and free
codes stored within the active job are displayed.
They are always sorted by time with the most
recent record at the top.
CONT (F1)
To accept the screen entries and continue.
NEW (F2)
To insert a free code below, this means
timewise before, the currently highlighted
object or record. The functionality of
inserting a free code is identical to the functionality of entering a free code during a
survey.
Managing, Creating, Editing Points/Data GPS900 25
Page 26
EDIT (F3)
To edit the highlighted point or free code.
The functionality of editing a free code is
identical to the functionality of entering a
free code during a survey.
DEL (F4)
To delete the highlighted point or free code.
MORE (F5)
To display information about the type of
data recorded, the time and the date of
when it was stored and the codes if stored
with any object.
Managing, Creating, Editing Points/Data GPS900 26
Page 27
2.5 Point Sorting
Description The sort setting defines the order of the points in the active job. The stakeout filter settings
define a filter for the Stakeout application program, for example to show points which are
already staked or points that are still to be staked.
)
The sort setting is stored in the job. It is remembered after turning off the instrument.
)
Changing the active job does influence the sort setting for the points.
Access step-by-step
Managing
point sorting
Managing
stakeout filters
Managing, Creating, Editing Points/Data GPS900 27
Step Description
1.
2. In MANAGE Jobs highlight a job.
3. DATA (F5) to access MANAGE Data: Job Name, Points page.
4. SHIFT FILT (F5) to access MANAGE Sorts & Filters.
Field Description of Field
Sort • Ascend Point ID, Descend Point ID, Forward Time or Backward
Field Description of Field
View • All. Shows all points.
• Pts to Stakeout. Shows points not yet staked out.
• Staked Points. Shows points which are already staked out.
.
Time. Always available. The method points are sorted by.
Page 28
)
An active filter for an object is indicated in MANAGE Data: Job Name by located on the
right hand side of the page name.
Managing, Creating, Editing Points/Data GPS900 28
Page 29
2.6 Terminology
Description • This chapter describes technical terms related to data management.
• Some characteristics only become relevant when a GPS1200, TPS1200 or LGO job is used
on GPS900.
Coordinate triplet • A measured point consists of three coordinate components - two horizontal components
and one vertical component. The generic term for the three coordinate components is
coordinate triplet. Depending on the class, a point ID can contain more than one coordinate triplet of the same and/or of different classes.
The class • The class describes the type of coordinate triplet.
• The following table shows the classes in descending hierarchical order.
Class Characteristic Description
CTRL Type • Control points. Automatically assigned to
entered points.
Instrument source • GPS, TPS or LGO
ADJ Type • Adjusted points using the adjustment
program.
Instrument source • LGO
REF Type • Reference point received by a real-time rover
Instrument source • GPS, TPS or LGO
MEAS Type • Measured points differentially corrected
using real-time phase or real-time code.
• Calculated from some application programs.
Instrument source • GPS, TPS or LGO
Managing, Creating, Editing Points/Data GPS900 29
Page 30
Class Characteristic Description
NAV Type • Navigated points using uncorrected code
solutions of a single epoch.
Instrument source • GPS
EST Type • Estimated points from LGO.
Instrument source • LGO.
The sub class The sub class describes certain classes in detail. It indicates the status of the position when
a coordinate triplet was measured and how the coordinates were determined.
Sub class Description Instrument
source
COGO Indirect coordinate determination with application
GPS or TPS
program COGO.
NONE Direction is available but no coordinates. TPS
Height is available but no position coordinates. Level
TPS Measured with distances and angles. TPS
Fixed (Height) Manually entered and fixed in height. GPS or TPS
Fixed (Position) Manually entered and fixed in position. GPS or TPS
Fixed (Pos & Ht) Manually entered and fixed in position and height. GPS or TPS
GPS Code Only Direct coordinate determination with code solu-
GPS
tion.
GPS Fixed Direct coordinate determination with phase fixed
GPS
solution.
Managing, Creating, Editing Points/Data GPS900 30
Page 31
Sub class Description Instrument
source
GPS Float Direct coordinate determination with autonomous
GPS
solution coming from LGO.
Hidden Point Indirect coordinate determination with hidden
GPS or TPS
point measurements.
The source The source describes the application program or functionality that generated a coordinate
triplet and the method with which it was created.
Source Originated from application program/func-
tionality
Instrument
source
ASCII File Convert Data, Import ASCII/GSI Data to Job GPS or TPS
Arc Base Pt COGO, Arc Calculation - Base Point GPS or TPS
Arc Centre Pt COGO, Arc Calculation - Centre Point GPS or TPS
Arc Offset Pt COGO, Arc Calculation - Offset Point GPS or TPS
Arc Segmt Pt COGO, Arc Calculation - Segmentation GPS or TPS
Backward Brg-Dist Hidden point measurements, Backward Bearing
GPS
and Distance
Bearing-Distance Hidden point measurements, Bearing and
GPS
Distance
Chainage-Offset Hidden point measurements, Chainage and Offset GPS
COGO Area Divsn. COGO Area Division GPS or TPS
COGO Shift/Rtn COGO, Shift, Rotate & Scale (Manual)
GPS or TPS
COGO, Shift, Rotate & Scale (Match Pts)
Managing, Creating, Editing Points/Data GPS900 31
Page 32
Source Originated from application program/func-
tionality
Instrument
source
COGO Traverse COGO, Traverse GPS or TPS
Copied Point Convert Data, Copy points between jobs GPS or TPS
Cross Section Survey Cross Section on System1200. GPS or TPS
Double Bearing Hidden point measurements, Double Bearing GPS
Double Distance Hidden point measurements, Double Distance GPS
GSI File Convert Data, Import ASCII/GSI Data to Job GPS or TPS
Hidden Point Hidden Point, auxiliary points TPS
Intsct (Brg Brg) COGO, Intersection - Bearing - Bearing GPS or TPS
Intsct (Brg Dst) COGO, Intersection - Bearing - Distance GPS or TPS
Intsct (Dst Dst) COGO, Intersection - Distance - Distance GPS or TPS
Intsct (4 Pts) COGO, Intersection - By points GPS or TPS
LandXML Design to Field in LGO converting data from
LGO
LandXML software to be used in the field
Line Base Pt COGO, Line Calculation - Base Point GPS or TPS
Line Offset Pt COGO, Line Calculation - Offset Point GPS or TPS
Line Segmt Pt COGO, Line Calculation - Segmentation GPS or TPS
None No information on the source is available GPS or TPS
RefLine (Grid) Reference Line, staked out in a defined grid GPS or TPS
RefLine (Meas) Reference Line, measured GPS or TPS
RefLine (Stake) Reference Line, staked out GPS or TPS
Managing, Creating, Editing Points/Data GPS900 32
Page 33
Source Originated from application program/func-
tionality
Instrument
source
Ref Plane (Meas) Reference Plane, measured GPS or TPS
Ref Plane (Scan) Reference Plane, scan TPS
Road Runner Road Runner GPS or TPS
Sets of Angles Sets of Angles TPS
Setup (Known BS) Setup, Known Backsight Point TPS
Setup (Loc Rsct) Setup, Local Resection TPS
Setup (Ori&Ht) Setup, Orientation and Height Transfer TPS
Setup (Resect) Setup, Resection TPS
Setup (Resect H) Setup, Resection Helmert TPS
Setup (Set Az) Setup, Set Azimuth TPS
Srvy Auto Offset Survey Auto Points, automatically recorded with
GPS or TPS
offsets
Stakeout Stakeout GPS or TPS
Survey Survey, measured TPS
Survey (Auto) Survey Auto Points, automatically recorded TPS
Survey (Event) Survey, Event input GPS
Survey (Instant) Survey, measured with Pt Occupation: Instanta-
GPS
neous in CONFIGURE Point Occupation Settings
Survey (Rem Pt) Survey, Remote Point TPS
Survey (Static) Survey, measured with Pt Occupation: Normal in
GPS
CONFIGURE Point Occupation Settings
Managing, Creating, Editing Points/Data GPS900 33
Page 34
Source Originated from application program/func-
tionality
Instrument
source
Traverse Traverse TPS
Unknown - GPS or TPS
User Application Customised application programs GPS or TPS
User Entered Manually entered point GPS or TPS
The instrument source The instrument source describes where the coordinate triplet was measured or entered. The
option are GPS, TPS or LGO.
The coordinate quality Description
The Coordinate Quality is:
• computed on the rover for code solutions and phase fixed solutions.
• an indicator for the quality of the observations.
• an indicator for the current satellite constellation.
• an indicator for different environmental conditions.
• derived such that there is at least a two third probability that the computed position
deviates from the true position by less than the CQ value.
• different from the standard deviation.
CQ versus standard deviation
The standard deviation as CQ would often be too optimistic. This is why the computation of
the CQ in GPS900 is not simply based on the basic standard deviation algorithms.
For the standard deviation, there is, statistically, a 39.3 % probability in 2D that the
computed position deviates from the true position by less than the standard deviation. This
is not enough for a reliable quality indicator.
Managing, Creating, Editing Points/Data GPS900 34
Page 35
This is particularly true for low redundancy situations such as a constellation of four satellites. In such a case the RMS converges to zero and the standard deviation would show an
unrealistically small value.
Computation
GPS measurements
Least square adjustment
Root Mean Square RMS
= a posteriori of unit weight
• Reflects all error sources such as
diffraction, multipath, ionospheric
and tropospheric disturbances.
*
Elements of cofactor matrix
• Reflects the influence of the
different constellations of the
satellites on the coordinate
components.
Unknowns
like rover coordinates
• Indicator of the measurement noise
and environmental conditions.
Managing, Creating, Editing Points/Data GPS900 35
Page 36
Empirical assumptions
Standard deviation
+
Coordinate Quality CQ
Range
For a phase fixed solution: Centimetre level
For a code solution: From 0.4 to 5 m.
Position CQ versus height CQ
All GPS computed positions are almost twice as accurate in plan than in height. For the position determination, satellites can appear in all four quadrants. For the height determination,
satellites can appear in two quadrants. This weakens the height position compared to the
plan position.
Managing, Creating, Editing Points/Data GPS900 36
Page 37
N
E
N
GPS900_032
H
Position determination with satellites
appearing in all four quadrants.
Managing, Creating, Editing Points/Data GPS900 37
Height determination with satellites
appearing in two quadrants.
Page 38
3 Managing, Creating, Editing Codes/Codelists
3.1 Overview of Codelists
)
Steps from creating to
using a codelist
It is recommended to create a codelist in LGO. A codelist can be transferred from LGO to the
System RAM of the RX900 or from the PC via ActiveSync to the internal memory of the
RX900.
RX900
RX900 System RAM: System RAM codelist
Selecting codelist(s) for a job: Copy of codes
The creating, editing and managing of codelists is explained in this chapter.
Codelist Management:
Create codelist
Data Exchange Manager
Serial upload
Job: Job codelist
LGO Codelist on PC
LGO
USB
RX900 Internal memory
ActiveSync
Transfer
Managing, Creating, Editing Codes/Codelists GPS900 38
Page 39
In order to use a codelist on the RX900, it must be transferred from the internal memory to
the System RAM. Refer to "22 Using the Tools - Transferring Objects".
Managing, Creating, Editing Codes/Codelists GPS900 39
Page 40
3.2 Accessing Codelist Management
Access .
Managing codelists
Listed are all codelists stored in the System
RAM.
CONT (F1)
To select a codelist and continue. If this
screen was accessed from a choicelist, the
codes from the highlighted codelist are
copied to the active job.
NEW (F2)
To create a codelist.
EDIT (F3)
To edit the highlighted codelist.
DEL (F4)
To delete the highlighted codelist.
MORE (F5)
To display information about the creator and
the date of when the codelist was created.
Managing, Creating, Editing Codes/Codelists GPS900 40
Page 41
3.3 Creating/Editing a Codelist
Creating/editing a
codelist step-by-step
Step Description
1.
2. MANAGE Codelists
NEW (F2) or EDIT (F3)
3. MANAGE New Codelist or MANAGE Edit Codelist
Name. A unique name for the codelist. The name may be up to 16 characters
long and may include spaces. Input required.
Creator. The person’s name who is creating the new codelist. Input optional.
)
4. STORE (F1) stores the codelist and returns to MANAGE Codelists.
CODES (F4) accesses MANAGE Codes where codes can be created, edited or
deleted.
.
Managing, Creating, Editing Codes/Codelists GPS900 41
Page 42
3.4 Accessing Code Management
Description Managing codes includes:
•creating new codes,
• viewing codes with their related information,
•editing codes,
• deleting existing codes.
Access step-by-step
Managing, Creating, Editing Codes/Codelists GPS900 42
Step Description
1.
2. In MANAGE Codelists highlight the codelist of which codes are to be managed.
3. EDIT (F3) to access MANAGE Edit Codelist.
4. CODES (F4) to access MANAGE Codes. This screen is described below.
.
Page 43
Managing codes
The indicates codes which have attributes
attached.
CONT (F1)
To accept the screen entries and continue.
NEW (F2)
To create a new code.
EDIT (F3)
To edit the highlighted code.
DEL (F4)
To delete the highlighted code.
Managing, Creating, Editing Codes/Codelists GPS900 43
Page 44
3.5 Creating/Editing a Code
Creating/editing a code
step-by-step
Step Description
1. Refer to "3.4 Accessing Code Management" to access MANAGE Codes.
2. NEW (F2) or EDIT (F3)
3. MANAGE New Code or MANAGE Edit Code
Code. A unique name for the new code. The name may be up to 16 characters
long and may include spaces. Input required.
Code Desc. A detailed description of the code. This can be for example the full
designation if Code is an abbreviation. Input optional.
Code Type. The use of the code. On RX900, point codes can be created. Line and
area code types can be displayed when editing a code from a System1200
codelist.
Line Style Available when editing a code from a System1200 codelist. The style
in which lines/areas are represented in MapView and LGO.
4. NEW-A (F2) adds Attribute 1 as new input field for an attribute of attribute type
normal and of value type text.
)
)
NAME (F3) or VALUE (F3)
Available for attributes for which an attribute name can be typed in.
To highlight Attribute 1 or the field for the attribute value. The name of Attribute
1 can be edited and the attribute value to be used as the default attribute value
can be typed in.
Attributes of attribute type mandatory or fixed and of value type real or integer
must be created in LGO.
Up to four attributes can be created.
)
Managing, Creating, Editing Codes/Codelists GPS900 44
Page 45
Step Description
)
5. Is another attribute to be created?
6. STORE (F1) adds the new code and any associated attributes or stores the
)
Attribute names that have already been typed in cannot be edited in a job
codelist.
• If yes, repeat step 4.
• If no, continue with step 6.
changes to the System RAM codelist and returns to the screen from where this
screen was accessed.
A new code can also be created within an application program. In this case, the
new code is added to the job codelist.
Managing, Creating, Editing Codes/Codelists GPS900 45
Page 46
3.6 Managing Job Codes
Description To view and edit all codes currently stored in the job. The functionality of this screen is
mainly the same as for MANAGE Codes. For simplicity, the functionality which is different
from MANAGE Codes is explained here.
Access step-by-step Available for jobs which have a codelist attached.
Step Description
1.
2. In MANAGE Jobs highlight a job to be edited.
3. EDIT (F3) to access MANAGE Edit Job: Job Name.
4. In MANAGE Edit Job: Job Name, PAGE (F6) until the Codelist page is active.
5. CODES (F4) to access MANAGE Job Codes.
.
Managing, Creating, Editing Codes/Codelists GPS900 46
Page 47
Managing job codes
CONT (F1)
To accept the screen entries and continue.
NEW (F2)
To create a new code.
EDIT (F3)
To edit the highlighted code. Accesses
MANAGE Edit Code where new attributes can
be added to a code and line styles can be
changed.
Editing a job code
Managing, Creating, Editing Codes/Codelists GPS900 47
STORE (F1)
To store the code including any newly
created attributes and to return to the
screen from where MANAGE Edit Code was
accessed.
NEW-A (F2)
To add a new attribute to a code.
NAME (F3) or VALUE (F3)
Available for attributes for which an
attribute name can be typed in. To highlight
Attribute n or the field for the attribute
value. The name of Attribute n can be edited
and an attribute value can be typed in.
Page 48
3.7 Terminology
Description This chapter describes technical terms related to codes and codelists.
)
Code Description
The values for codes and attributes are case sensitive. For example the code Tree is not the
same as the code TREE.
A code is a description which can be stored with an point or alone.
Structure of codes
Thematical codes:
Point related information recorded
together with the actual point in the field.
Code type:
Point code
Codes
Free codes:
Time related information recorded
between points in the field. A time stamp
is recorded with each free code. It allows
to export free codes and points in a chronological order to be used for third party
mapping software.
Code type:
Free code
Managing, Creating, Editing Codes/Codelists GPS900 48
Page 49
Code types
The code type defines how a code can be used. It is possible to create a code of the same
name but of different code types in LGO. Example: The code Oak can exist with code type
point code and with code type free code.
Point code: To record a code directly with a point. This is thematical point coding.
Point codes can be created on RX900.
Free code: To record a code based on time in between points.
Managing, Creating, Editing Codes/Codelists GPS900 49
Page 50
Attribute Description
The use of attributes allows additional information to be stored with the code. Up to twenty
attributes can be related to one code. Attributes are not compulsory.
Structure of attributes
Attributes
Attribute type:
Normal Mandatory Fixed
Attribute value type:
Text
Attribute value region:
None Choicelist
Managing, Creating, Editing Codes/Codelists GPS900 50
Real Integer
Attribute value region:
None Choicelist Range
Page 51
Attribute types
The attribute type defines the input requirements for the attribute.
Normal: An input for the attribute is optional. The attribute value can be typed
in the field. New attributes with this attribute type can be created in
LGO or on the RX900.
Mandatory: An input for the attribute is compulsory. The attribute value must be
typed in the field. New attributes with this attribute type can be created
in LGO.
Fixed: The attribute value is a predefined default which is displayed but cannot
be changed in the field. This attribute value is automatically attached to
the code. New attributes with this attribute type can be created in LGO.
Attribute value types
The attribute value type defines which values are accepted as input.
Text: Any input for the attribute is interpreted as text. New attributes with
this attribute value type can be created in LGO or on the RX900.
Real: An input for the attribute must be a real number, for example 1.23. New
attributes with this attribute value type can be created in LGO.
Integer: An input for the attribute must be an integer number, for example 5.
New attributes with this attribute value type can be created in LGO.
Attribute value regions
The attribute value region defines if the attribute values must be selected from a predefined
list.
None: An input for the attribute must be typed in. New attributes with this
attribute value region can be created in LGO or on the RX900.
Range: An input for the attribute must fall within a predefined range. New
attributes with this attribute value region can be created in LGO.
Managing, Creating, Editing Codes/Codelists GPS900 51
Page 52
Choicelist: An input for the attribute is selected from a predefined list. New
attributes with this attribute value region can be created in LGO.
Example
Code Attributes Attribute value
Birch Height Real Range 0.5-3.0
Codelist Description
A codelist is a collection of codes that can be used to describe surveyed points in the field.
Elements of a codelist
• Code • Attributes
type
Attribute value
region
Example for the
attribute value region
Condition Text Choicelist Good, Dead, Damaged
Remark Text None -
Managing, Creating, Editing Codes/Codelists GPS900 52
Page 53
Structure of a codelist
Structure Example
Codelist
|—— Code 1
|
| |—— Attribute 1.1.1
||
| |—— Attribute ...
||
| |—— Attribute 1.1.20
|
|—— Code 2
|
| |—— Attribute 1.2.1
||
| |—— Attribute ...
|
|—— Code ...
Codelist
|—— Birch
|
| |—— Height
||
| |—— Condition
||
| |—— Remark
|
|—— Road
|
| |—— Material
||
| |—— ...
|
|—— ...
Codelist types
System RAM codelist: A codelist stored in the System RAM of the RX900.
Job codelist: The collection of codes contained within the currently active
job.
Managing, Creating, Editing Codes/Codelists GPS900 53
Page 54
4 Managing, Creating, Editing Coord Systems
4.1 Overview of Coordinate Systems
Description A coordinate system:
• consists of up to five elements.
• allows the conversion from WGS 1984 geodetic or cartesian coordinates to, local cartesian, geodetic or grid coordinates and back.
• can be attached to jobs.
• can be manually defined.
• can be computed in the field.
• can be downloaded to LGO.
• can be uploaded from LGO.
)
)
Elements of a
coordinate system
Managing, Creating, Editing Coord Systems GPS900 54
All GPS surveyed points are always stored as WGS 1984 geodetic coordinates regardless of
the coordinate system being used. Using a different coordinate system converts the coordinates displayed on the screen, but does not convert and restore the coordinate values in
the database DB-X.
One coordinate system can be attached to a job at one time. This coordinate system remains
attached to the job unless it is changed.
The five elements which define a coordinate system are:
• a transformation
• a projection
•an ellipsoid
• a geoid model
• a Country Specific Coordinate System model
Page 55
Z
Z
d
X
a
b
Y
X
e
f
Y
a) WGS 1984 cartesian: X, Y, Z
b) WGS 1984 ellipsoid
c) WGS 1984 geodetic: Latitude, longitude,
c
g
ellipsoidal height
d) 7 parameter transformation: dX, dY, dZ, rx,
ry, rz, scale
h
e) Local cartesian: X, Y, Z
f) Local ellipsoid
g) Local geodetic: Latitude, longitude, ellip-
soidal height
h) Local projection
GPS900_044
i
i) Local grid: Easting, Northing, orthometric
height
All these elements can be specified when creating a coordinate system.
Managing, Creating, Editing Coord Systems GPS900 55
Page 56
The default
coordinate system
The default coordinate system is WGS 1984. It cannot be deleted.
Additional default coordinate systems may be available for certain countries.
The WGS 1984
coordinate system
The active
coordinate system
WGS 1984 is the global geocentric datum to which all GPS positioning information is referred
to. WGS 1984 is the default coordinate system on a RX900. It is not possible to manually
create a coordinate system called WGS 1984.
The active coordinate system is the one attached to the job currently being used. One coordinate system is always considered as the active coordinate system.
Managing, Creating, Editing Coord Systems GPS900 56
Page 57
4.2 Accessing Coordinate System Management
Access .
Managing
coordinate systems
Listed are all coordinate systems stored in the
database DB-X. Any unavailable information is
shown as -----.
CONT (F1)
To select a coordinate system and continue.
The selected coordinate system will be
attached to the active job.
NEW (F2)
To create a coordinate system manually.
EDIT (F3)
To edit the highlighted coordinate system.
DEL (F4)
To delete the highlighted coordinate system.
MORE (F5)
To display information about the type of
transformation used, the type of heights
computed, the number of control points
used for the determination and the date of
when the coordinate system was created.
Managing, Creating, Editing Coord Systems GPS900 57
Page 58
SHIFT SET-D (F4)
Available unless a default coordinate system
is highlighted. To turn the highlighted coordinate system into a user defined default
coordinate system stored in the RX900.
SHIFT DEFLT (F5)
To recall the deleted default coordinate
systems.
Managing, Creating, Editing Coord Systems GPS900 58
Page 59
4.3 Creating/Editing a Coordinate System
)
)
Creating/Editing a
coordinate system
step-by-step
Coordinate systems can be defined by manual creation or determined by calculation. In this
chapter, the manual creation of coordinate systems is explained. Refer to "28 Working with
Determine Coord System" for information on the determination by calculation.
Coordinate systems with a Classic 3D transformation can be defined by manual creation.
Step Description
1.
2. In MANAGE Coordinate Systems highlight a coordinate system.
When creating a new coordinate system, a copy of this coordinate system is
taken for further configurations.
3. NEW (F2) or EDIT (F3)
4. MANAGE New Coordinate System or MANAGE Edit Coordinate System
Name. A unique name for the new coordinate system. The name may be up to
16 characters long and may include spaces.
Residuals. Available for transformations with control points. Manually entered
transformations do not have control points. The method by which residuals are
distributed throughout the transformation area. The transformation results
become more realistic and any strain is dispersed in the transformation.
.
Managing, Creating, Editing Coord Systems GPS900 59
Page 60
Step Description
Residuals: 1/Distance, 1/Distance2 and 1/Distance
3/2
distribute the residuals of
the control points according to the distance between each control point and the
newly transformed point.
Residuals: Multiquadratic distributes the residuals using a multiquadratic interpolation approach.
Transform. The type of transformation. The transformation type determines the
availability and the options of the subsequent fields.
Pre Transform. Available for Twostep transformations from System1200. The
name of a preliminary 3D transformation which is used together with the
selected projection to obtain preliminary grid coordinates to be used for a final
2D transformation.
Ellipsoid. Available unless projection Type: Customised. The local coordinates are
based on this ellipsoid.
Projection. The map projection.
Geoid Model. The geoid model.
CSCS Model. The Country Specific Coordinate System model.
Make the required changes.
5. STORE (F1) stores the coordinate system and returns to MANAGE Coordinate
Systems.
Managing, Creating, Editing Coord Systems GPS900 60
Page 61
4.4 Transformations
4.4.1 Accessing Transformation Management
Access step-by-step
Managing
transformations
Step Description
1.
.
2. In MANAGE Coordinate Systems highlight a coordinate system to be edited.
3. EDIT (F3)
4. In MANAGE Edit Coordinate System highlight Transform.
5. ENTER to access MANAGE Transformations.
Listed are all Classic 3D transformations stored
in the database DB-X. Any unavailable information is shown as -----.
CONT (F1)
To select a transformation and continue.
NEW (F2)
To create a new transformation.
EDIT (F3)
To edit the highlighted transformation.
DEL (F4)
To delete the highlighted transformation.
Managing, Creating, Editing Coord Systems GPS900 61
Page 62
MORE (F5)
To display information about the type of
heights computed and the number of
control points used for the determination of
the transformation.
SHIFT SET-D (F4)
To turn the highlighted transformation into
a user defined default transformation
stored in the RX900.
Managing, Creating, Editing Coord Systems GPS900 62
Page 63
4.4.2 Creating/Editing a Transformation
Access step-by-step
Creating/Editing a
transformation
step-by-step
Step Description
1.
.
2. In MANAGE Coordinate Systems highlight a coordinate system to be edited.
3. EDIT (F3)
4. In MANAGE Edit Coordinate System highlight Transform.
5. ENTER to access MANAGE Transformations.
Step Description
1. In MANAGE Transformations highlight a transformation.
When creating a new transformation, a copy of this transformation is taken for
further configurations.
2. NEW (F2) or EDIT (F3)
3. MANAGE New Transformation, General page or
MANAGE Edit Transformation, General page
Name. A unique name for the new transformation. The name may be up to 16
characters long and may include spaces.
Type. Output field. No other transformations than Classic 3D can be created.
Enter a name.
4. PAGE (F6) changes to the Parameters page.
Managing, Creating, Editing Coord Systems GPS900 63
Page 64
Step Description
5. MANAGE New Transformation, Parameters page or
MANAGE Edit Transformation, Parameters page
Enter the known values or change the existing values of the transformation
parameters.
6. PAGE (F6) changes to the More page.
7. MANAGE New Transformation, More page
Height Mode. The type of heights to be computed or used.
Transf Model. The transformation model to be used. For Transf Model:
Molodensky-Bad, additional input fields are available.
)
8. STORE (F1) stores the transformation and returns to MANAGE Transformations.
CLEAR (F5) Available for Transf Model: Molodensky-Bad. To set the additional
input fields to 0.
Managing, Creating, Editing Coord Systems GPS900 64
Page 65
4.5 Ellipsoids
4.5.1 Accessing Ellipsoid Management
Access step-by-step
Managing ellipsoids
Step Description
1.
.
2. In MANAGE Coordinate Systems highlight a coordinate system to be edited.
3. EDIT (F3) to access MANAGE Edit Coordinate System.
4. In MANAGE Edit Coordinate System highlight Ellipsoid.
5. ENTER to access MANAGE Ellipsoids.
Listed are all ellipsoids stored in the database
DB-X.
CONT (F1)
To select an ellipsoid and continue.
NEW (F2)
To create a new ellipsoid.
EDIT (F3)
To edit the highlighted ellipsoid.
DEL (F4)
To delete the highlighted ellipsoid.
Managing, Creating, Editing Coord Systems GPS900 65
Page 66
SHIFT SET-D (F4)
To turn the highlighted ellipsoid into a user
defined default ellipsoid stored in the
RX900.
SHIFT DEFLT (F5)
To recall the deleted default ellipsoids.
Managing, Creating, Editing Coord Systems GPS900 66
Page 67
4.5.2 Creating/Editing a Ellipsoid
Access step-by-step
Creating/Editing an
ellipsoid step-by-step
Step Description
1.
.
2. In MANAGE Coordinate Systems highlight a coordinate system to be edited.
3. EDIT (F3) to access MANAGE Edit Coordinate System.
4. In MANAGE Edit Coordinate System highlight Ellipsoid.
5. ENTER to access MANAGE Ellipsoids.
Step Description
1. In MANAGE Ellipsoids highlight an ellipsoid.
When creating a new ellipsoid, a copy of this ellipsoid is taken for further configurations.
2. NEW (F2) or EDIT (F3)
3. MANAGE New Ellipsoid or MANAGE Edit Ellipsoid
Name. A unique name for the new ellipsoid. A name is mandatory and may be up
to 16 characters long and may include spaces.
Axis a. The semi-major axis a.
1/f. The reciprocal value of flattening f.
Enter a name.
4. STORE (F1) stores the ellipsoid and returns to MANAGE Ellipsoids.
Managing, Creating, Editing Coord Systems GPS900 67
Page 68
4.6 Projections
4.6.1 Accessing Projection Management
Access step-by-step
Managing projections
Step Description
1.
.
2. In MANAGE Coordinate Systems highlight a coordinate system to be edited.
3. EDIT (F3) to access MANAGE Edit Coordinate System.
4. In MANAGE Edit Coordinate System highlight Projection.
5. ENTER to access MANAGE Projections.
Listed are all projections stored in the database
DB-X. Any unavailable information is shown as
-----.
CONT (F1)
To select a projection and continue.
NEW (F2)
To create a new projection.
EDIT (F3)
To edit the highlighted projection.
DEL (F4)
To delete the highlighted projection.
Managing, Creating, Editing Coord Systems GPS900 68
Page 69
SHIFT SET-D (F4)
Available unless a default projection is highlighted. To turn the highlighted projection
into a user defined default projection stored
in the RX900.
SHIFT DEFLT (F5)
To recall the deleted default projections.
Column Option Description of Column
Type The projection type. Refer to standard surveying
literature for details on projections.
Customised Customised projection. Certain fixed projections
which cannot be defined by any of the following
options.
Trans Mercator Transverse Mercator. Conformal projection onto a
cylinder with its axis lying on the equatorial plane.
The cylinder is tangential to a meridian.
UTM Universal Transverse Mercator. Transverse Mercator
projection with fixed zone-defining constants. The
central meridian is selected automatically according
to the selected zone number.
Oblq Mercator Oblique Mercator. Oblique Mercator Conformal
projection onto a cylinder. The cylinder is tangent to
any circle other than the equator or a meridian.
Mercator Mercator. Conformal projection onto a cylinder with
its axis lying on a meridian plane. The cylinder is
tangent to the sphere along the equator.
Managing, Creating, Editing Coord Systems GPS900 69
Page 70
Column Option Description of Column
Lambert 1 Para Lambert 1 Parallel. Conformal projection onto a cone,
with its axis coinciding with the z-axis of the ellipsoid.
Lambert 2 Para Lambert 2 Parallel. Conformal projection onto a cone,
with its axis coinciding with the z-axis of the ellipsoid.
The cone is secant to the sphere.
Cassini-Soldn Soldner Cassini. Projection onto a cylinder. It is
neither equal area nor conformal. The scale is true
along the central meridian and along lines perpendicular to central meridian.
Polar Stereo Polar Stereographic. Conformal azimuthal projection
onto a plane. The point of projection is on the
surface of the ellipsoid diametrically opposite of the
origin which is the centre of the projection.
Double Stereo Double Stereographic. Conformal azimuthal projec-
tion onto a plane. The point of projection is on the
surface of the sphere diametrically opposite of the
centre of the projection.
RSO Rectified Skewed Orthomorphic. This is a special type
of Oblique Mercator projection.
Managing, Creating, Editing Coord Systems GPS900 70
Page 71
4.6.2 Creating/Editing a Projection
Access step-by-step
Creating/Editing a
projection step-by-step
Step Description
1.
.
2. In MANAGE Coordinate Systems highlight a coordinate system to be edited.
3. EDIT (F3) to access MANAGE Edit Coordinate System.
4. In MANAGE Edit Coordinate System highlight Projection.
5. ENTER to access MANAGE Projections.
Step Description
1. In MANAGE Projections highlight a projection.
When creating a new projection, a copy of this projection is taken for further
configurations.
2. NEW (F2) or EDIT (F3)
3. MANAGE New Projection or MANAGE Edit Projection
Name. A unique name for the new projection. A name is mandatory and may be
up to 16 characters long and may include spaces.
Type. The projection type. The setting for Type determines the availability of the
subsequent fields for the parameters of the projection.
Enter a name.
4. STORE (F1) stores the projection and returns to MANAGE Projections.
Managing, Creating, Editing Coord Systems GPS900 71
Page 72
4.7 Geoid Models
4.7.1 Overview of Geoid Models
Use in the field For use on the RX900 in the field, geoid field files are created from the geoid model.
Geoid field file The geoid separations in a geoid field file may be used in the field to change between ellip-
soidal and orthometric heights.
Creation: In LGO with export into the internal memory of the RX900.
Extension: *.gem
Creating a geoid model
on RX900
Managing, Creating, Editing Coord Systems GPS900 72
Geoid models can be created on the RX900 in one of two ways:
1.
Geoid field file in
internal memory of
RX900
Here the geoid field file is stored in the internal memory of the RX900. It is recommended for large geoid field files. This method is explained in this chapter.
2.
Geoid field file in
internal memory of
RX900
Here the geoid field file is transferred to the System RAM and can be used at any
time. The total size of all files in the System RAM is restricted to 1 MB. Refer to "22
Using the Tools - Transferring Objects" for information on how to transfer geoid
field files to the System RAM of the RX900.
Transfer Main
Menu:
Creation
System
RAM
Creation
Geoid model
on the RX900
Geoid model
on the RX900
Page 73
4.7.2 Accessing Geoid Model Management
Access step-by-step
Managing geoid models
Step Description
1.
.
2. In MANAGE Coordinate Systems highlight a coordinate system to be edited.
3. EDIT (F3) to access MANAGE Edit Coordinate System.
4. In MANAGE Edit Coordinate System highlight Geoid Model.
5. ENTER to access MANAGE Geoid Models.
Listed are all geoid models stored in the database. Any unavailable information is shown as
-----, for example if the geoid field file which
was associated to the geoid model is not available in the internal memory.
CONT (F1)
To select a geoid model and continue.
Managing, Creating, Editing Coord Systems GPS900 73
Page 74
EDIT (F3)
To view the highlighted geoid model. None
of the fields can be edited. The geoid field
file from which the geoid model was created
must be stored in the System RAM or in the
\DATA\GPS\GEOID directory of internal
memory.
DEL (F4)
To delete the highlighted geoid model. The
geoid field file which was associated with
this geoid model is then also deleted.
Managing, Creating, Editing Coord Systems GPS900 74
Page 75
4.7.3 Creating a Geoid Model from the Internal Memory
Requirement At least one geoid field file with the extension *.gem is in the \DATA\GPS\GEOID directory
of the internal memory. Refer to "22 Using the Tools - Transferring Objects" for information
on how to transfer geoid field files to the System RAM on the RX900.
Creating a geoid model
step-by-step
Managing, Creating, Editing Coord Systems GPS900 75
Step Description
1.
2. In MANAGE Coordinate Systems highlight a coordinate system to be edited.
3. EDIT (F3) to access MANAGE Edit Coordinate System.
4. In MANAGE Edit Coordinate System highlight Geoid Model.
5. ENTER to access MANAGE Geoid Models.
6. INTL (F6) to scan the \DATA\GPS\GEOID directory of the internal memory.
7. For each geoid field file in the internal memory, one geoid model is automatically
created. The names given to the geoid models are those which were entered in
LGO.
Existing geoid models are automatically overwritten by new models with the
)
same name.
8. The creation of a geoid model is finished.
.
Page 76
4.8 CSCS Models
Use in the field For use on the RX900 in the field, CSCS field files are created from the CSCS model.
CSCS field file CSCS field files may be used in the field to directly convert coordinates from WGS 1984 to
local grid without the need of transformation parameters.
Creation: In LGO with export into the internal memory of the RX900.
Extension: *.csc
)
Managing, Creating, Editing Coord Systems GPS900 76
The creation of CSCS models on the RX900 and the functionality of all screens and fields are
similar to those for geoid models.
The directory in the internal memory for CSCS field files with the extension *.csc is
\DATA\GPS\CSCS.
Page 77
4.9 Terminology
Description This chapter describes technical terms related to coordinate system management.
Transformation Refer to "4.1 Overview of Coordinate Systems" for information on transformations.
Geoid model Description
GPS operates on the WGS 1984 ellipsoid and all heights obtained by measuring baselines are
ellipsoidal heights. Existing heights are usually orthometric heights, also called height above
the geoid, height above mean sea level or levelled height. The mean sea level corresponds
to a surface known as the geoid. The relation between ellipsoidal height and orthometric
height is
Orthometric Height = Ellipsoidal Height - Geoid Separation N
P0
d1
d2
a
a) WGS 1984 ellipsoid
b
b) Geoid
P0 Measured point
d1 Ellipsoidal height
d2 Geoid separation N, is negative when the
GPS900_041
geoid is below the ellipsoid
Managing, Creating, Editing Coord Systems GPS900 77
Page 78
N value and geoid model
The geoid separation (N value) is the distance between the geoid and the reference ellipsoid. It may refer to the WGS 1984 or to the local ellipsoid. It is not a constant except over
maybe small flat areas such as 5 km x 5 km. Therefore it is necessary to model the N value
in order to obtain accurate orthometric heights. The modelled N values form a geoid model
for an area. With a geoid model attached to a coordinate system, N values for the measured
points can be determined. Ellipsoidal heights can be converted to orthometric heights and
back.
Refer to the online help of LGO for more information on geoid models.
)
Geoid field file Geoid field files may be used in the field to calculate orthometric heights out of ellipsoidal
CSCS model Description
Managing, Creating, Editing Coord Systems GPS900 78
Geoid models are an approximation of the N value. In terms of accuracy, they may vary
considerably and global models in particular should be used with caution. If the accuracy of
the geoid model is not known it might be safer to use local control points with orthometric
heights and apply a transformation to approximate the local geoid.
heights and vice versa.
Country Specific Coordinate System models
• are tables of correction values to directly convert coordinates from WGS 1984 to local
grid without the need of transformation parameters.
• take the distortions of the mapping system into account.
• are an addition to an already defined coordinate system.
Types of CSCS models
The correction values of a CSCS model can be applied at different stages in the coordinate
conversion process. Depending on this stage, a CSCS model works differently. Three types
of CSCS models are supported by GPS900. Their conversion process is as explained in the
Page 79
following table. Any suitable geoid model can be combined with a geodetic CSCS model.
Refer to the online help of LGO for more information on CSCS models.
Type Description
Grid 1. Determination of preliminary grid coordinates by applying the specified
transformation, ellipsoid and map projection.
2. Determination of the final local grid coordinates by applying a shift in
Easting and Northing interpolated in the grid file of the CSCS model.
Cartesian 1. Performing the specified transformation.
2. Determination of local cartesian coordinates by applying a 3D shift
interpolated in the grid file of the CSCS model.
3. Determination of the final local grid coordinates by applying the specified local ellipsoid and map projection.
Geodetic 1. Determination of local geodetic coordinates by applying a correction in
latitude and longitude interpolated from the file of the CSCS model.
2. Determination of the final local grid coordinates by applying the local
map projection.
Using a geodetic CSCS model excludes the use of a transformation in
)
a coordinate system.
CSCS field file CSCS field files may be used in the field. They are extracted from the main CSCS model, which
may be too big to fit on the instrument.
Managing, Creating, Editing Coord Systems GPS900 79
Page 80
5 Converting Data - Copy, Export, Import
5.1 Copying Points Between Jobs
Description This chapter explains the process of copying points from one job to another.
)
Access .
Converting Data - Copy, Export, Import GPS900 80
Important features:
• Points selected for copying may be viewed in a points listing. The point sort settings
define the order of the points in the listing.
• When points are copied from one job to another:
• their point codes and attached attributes are also copied.
• their Class is retained.
• their Sub Class is retained.
• their Source is changed to Copied Point.
• their Point Coordinate Quality is retained.
• their Instrument Flag is retained.
• their Date and Time Stamp is retained.
Page 81
Copying
points between jobs
CONT (F1)
To accept the screen entries and continue.
DATA (F5)
To view, edit and delete points stored with
the job. Selected sort settings apply.
CSYS (F6)
To select a different coordinate system.
Field Description of Field
From Job Describes where the points are to be copied from.
Coord System The coordinate system which is currently attached to the job From
Job.
To Job Describes where the points are to be copied to.
Converting Data - Copy, Export, Import GPS900 81
Page 82
5.2 Exporting Data from a Job
Description • The settings on this screen define the data that is converted and exported and what
format is used.
• Data is exported from the selected job. Currently active sort settings are applied. The
points that are exported are those that are visible in MANAGE Data: Job Name.
• Data can be exported to a file on the internal memory if fitted.
Export formats
Requirements At least one format file was created using LGO and has been transferred to the System RAM.
Converting Data - Copy, Export, Import GPS900 82
Format Characteristic Description
Custom
ASCII
Export variables Refer to the online help of LGO.
Format definition Composed individually as format file using
LGO. Refer to the online help of LGO for
information on creating format files.
Units Defined within the format file.
Coordinate conversion All coordinate types are supported.
Height All height types are supported. If the desired
height cannot be computed, the default
value for the missing variable is output.
Specialities:
Points in file outside of CSCS
model
Points in file outside of geoid
model
The default value for missing variable is
output.
The default value for missing variable is
output, also if a geoid separation is available.
Page 83
Export data job to a
custom ASCII format
step-by-step
Step Description
1.
2. EXPORT Export Data from Job
Export To: Internal Memory Data can be exported to the internal memory.
Directory The data can be exported to the \Data, the \GSI or the root directory.
Job. All jobs from Main Menu: can be selected.
Coord System. The coordinate system currently attached to the selected Job.
Format File. The format files currently available in the System RAM.
File Name. The name of the file to which the data should be exported.
Select the job to be exported and enter a file name.
3. Highlight Format File and ENTER.
4. EXPORT Format Files
All format files available in the System RAM are listed. Select the format file to be
used.
)
5. CONT (F1) selects the highlighted format file and leads back to EXPORT Export
)
6. CONT (F1) exports the data.
DEL (F4) deletes the highlighted format file from the System RAM.
Data from Job.
CSYS (F6) accesses EXPORT Coordinate Systems. To update the coordinate
system in which the coordinates are exported.
.
Converting Data - Copy, Export, Import GPS900 83
Page 84
Step Description
7. Information message: Are more data to be exported?
• If yes, continue with step 8.
• If no, continue with step 9.
8. YES (F4). Repeat steps 2. to 7.
9. NO (F6) returns to the GPS900 Main Menu.
Converting Data - Copy, Export, Import GPS900 84
Page 85
5.3 Importing Data to a Job
Description • The settings on this screen define what data can be imported. The data to import must
be stored in the internal memory.
• Data can be imported to a job in the internal memory.
Import formats
Converting Data - Copy, Export, Import GPS900 85
Format Characteristic Description
ASCII Import variables Point ID, grid coordinates, thematical codes.
No free codes, no attributes.
Format definition Free format. Use and order of variables and
delimiter can be defined during import.
Units As currently configured on the RX900.
Height Orthometric or ellipsoidal
GSI8
GSI16
Local heights but no coordinates in file
Coordinates but no heights in
file
Neither coordinates nor
heights in file
No point ID’s in file No import
Import variables Point ID (WI 11), local coordinates (WI 81,
Points are imported without coordinates but
with local height and code if available.
Points are imported without height but with
coordinates and code if available.
No import
WI 82, WI 83), thematical codes (WI 71). No
free codes, no attributes. Example for GSI8:
110014+00001448 81..01+00001363
82..01-00007748 83..01-00000000
71....+000sheep
Page 86
Format Characteristic Description
Format definition Fixed format. Easting and Northing can be
switched during import.
Units As defined in the GSI file
Heights Orthometric or ellipsoidal
Local heights but no coordinates in file
Coordinates but no heights in
file
Neither coordinates nor
heights in file
No point ID’s in file No import
Checks Points are always imported with the class CTRL and a coordinate quality of -----.
While importing points to a job, checks are performed against point ID, class and coding of
points already existing in the job.
Points are imported without coordinates but
with local height and code if available.
Points are imported without height but with
coordinates and code if available.
No import
Import data in ASCII
format step-by-step
Converting Data - Copy, Export, Import GPS900 86
Step Description
)
1.
2. IMPORT Import ASCII/GSI Data to Job
At least one ASCII file with any file extension is stored in the \DATA directory of
the internal memory.
.
Import: ASCII Data
Page 87
Step Description
From File. All files in the \DATA directory of the internal memory can be selected.
To Job. Choosing a job as destination for import makes this job the active job.
Header. This option allows up to ten header lines which may exist in an ASCII file
to be skipped. Select the number of header lines.
3. CONF (F2) defines the format of the data to be imported.
4. IMPORT Define ASCII Import
Delimiter. The separator between the import variables.
Multi Spaces. Available for Delimiter: Space. Multi Spaces: No for space delimited
data having one space between the variables. Multi Spaces: Yes for space delimited data having multi spaces between the variables.
No. Lines/Pt. Available for Delimiter: Line Feed. The number of lines used to
describe each point.
Select the delimiter and the positions of the particular variables.
)
5. CONT (F1) leads back to IMPORT Import ASCII/GSI Data to Job
6. CONT (F1) imports the data.
7. Information message: Are more data to be imported?
8. YES (F4). Repeat steps 2. to 7.
9. NO (F6) returns to the GPS900 Main Menu.
DEFLT (F5) recalls the default ASCII import settings.
• If yes, continue with step 8.
• If no, continue with step 9.
Converting Data - Copy, Export, Import GPS900 87
Page 88
Import data in GSI
format step-by-step
Step Description
)
1.
2. IMPORT Import ASCII/GSI Data to Job
)
3. CONT (F1) imports the data.
4. Information message: Are more data to be imported?
5. YES (F4). Repeat steps 2. to 4.
6. NO (F6) returns to the GPS900 Main Menu.
At least one ASCII file in GSI format with the file extension *.gsi is stored in the
\GSI directory of the internal memory.
Select Main Menu: .
Import: GSI Data
From File. All files with extension *.gsi in the \GSI directory of the internal memory
can be selected.
To Job. Choosing a job as destination for import makes this job the active job.
CONF (F2) accesses IMPORT Define GSI Import. For Switch WI81/WI82: Yes all
WI 81 data, normally Easting, is imported as Northing and all WI 82 data, normally
Northing, is imported as Easting. This coordinate switch is necessary for “left
handed” coordinate systems.
• If yes, continue with step 5.
• If no, continue with step 6.
Converting Data - Copy, Export, Import GPS900 88
Page 89
6 Configuring the Antenna
Description The settings on this screen define the antenna and the default height for the antenna.
Access .
Configuring
CONT (F1)
To accept the screen entries and continue.
SRCH (F4)
To search for all available Bluetooth devices.
If more than one Bluetooth device is found a
list of available devices is provided. The user
can then select from this list.
Field Description of Field
Antenna • The antenna in the RX900 System RAM.
Default Ht • The default antenna height during the use of the programs. The
antenna height can still be changed during a survey.
Vert Offset • The vertical antenna offset for the selected antenna.
Comm • The communication medium between RX900 and ATX900.
Configuring the Antenna GPS900 89
Page 90
Field Description of Field
• Bluetooth. Use this setting if RX900 will be connected to ATX900
via Bluetooth.
• USB Cable. Use this setting if RX900 will be connected to ATX900
via Cable.
ID Address • The ID address of ATX900 to be used.
Configuring the Antenna GPS900 90
Page 91
7 Configuring the Codes and their Attributes
Description The settings on this screen define the method of coding. Refer to "3 Managing, Creating,
Editing Codes/Codelists" for a complete description of coding.
Access .
Configuring
CONT (F1)
To accept the screen entries and continue.
Field Description of Field
Attributes • Determines the attribute values displayed under certain circum-
stances. This is applicable to both the storing and displaying of
attribute values.
• Default Values. When available, the default attribute values, as
stored in the job, are displayed and stored.
Configuring the Codes and their Attributes GPS900 91
Page 92
Field Description of Field
• Last Used. When available, the last used attribute values as
stored in the job are displayed and stored.
Thematc Codes • Sets the coding method.
• With Codelist. Codes stored within the job codelist can be
selected to code points.
• Without Codelist. Codes stored within the job codelist cannot be
selected to code points. Each code must be entered manually.
Configuring the Codes and their Attributes GPS900 92
Page 93
8 Configuring the Coordinate Quality Control
Description The settings on this screen define the limits for coordinate quality and DOP values accepted
for point occupations.
Access .
Configuring
CONT (F1)
To accept the screen entries and continue.
Field Description of Field
CQ Control • The type of coordinate quality to be checked before storing a
point. If activated, the limit defined in Maximum CQ is checked
before storing a point. A warning signal is given when the limit is
exceeded.
• None. No checking is made on the point.
Configuring the Coordinate Quality Control GPS900 93
Page 94
Field Description of Field
• Pos Only. The point position is checked.
• Height Only. The point height is checked.
• Pos & Height. The point position and point height are checked.
Maximum CQ • Available unless CQ Control=None. The maximum acceptable coor-
dinate quality.
Configuring the Coordinate Quality Control GPS900 94
Page 95
9 Configuring the Display Mask
Description Display settings define the parameters shown on the main page of the Survey program.
The settings on this screen define the layout of the display mask.
Access .
Configuring
CONT (F1)
To accept the screen entries and continue.
CLEAR (F4)
To clear all the fields except the first field.
DEFLT (F5)
To recall the default settings.
Field Description of Field
Name • Input field for the page name.
Visible • This is set to Yes. The display mask is always shown.
Fixed Lines • From 0 to 5. Defines how many lines do not scroll in the screen.
1st Line to 16th Line • For each line one of the following options can be selected.
Configuring the Display Mask GPS900 95
Page 96
Field Description of Field
• Antenna Ht. Input field for antenna height for static observa-
tions.
• Attrib (free) 01-04. Output field for attributes for free codes.
• Attrib 01-04. Input field for attributes for codes.
• Code. Input field for codes.
• Code (free). Input field for free codes.
• Code Desc. Output field for description of codes.
• Code Desc (free). Output field for description of free codes.
• Code Type. Output field for the type of code.
• GDOP. Output field for current GDOP of the computed position.
• HDOP. Output field for current HDOP of the computed position.
• Line Space Full. Insert full line space.
• Line Space Half. Insert half line space.
• Moving Ant Ht. Input field for antenna height for moving obser-
vations.
• PDOP. Output field for current PDOP of the computed position.
• Point ID. Input field for point number.
• Quality 1D. Output field for current height coordinate quality of
computed position.
• Quality 2D. Output field for current 2D coordinate quality of
computed position.
Configuring the Display Mask GPS900 96
Page 97
Field Description of Field
• Quality 3D. Output field for current 3D coordinate quality of
computed position.
• RTK Positions. Output field for number of positions recorded
over the period of point occupation. Appears in the display mask
of real-time rover configurations.
• Time at Point. Output field for time from when the point is occu-
pied until point occupation is stopped. Appears in the display
mask during the point occupation.
• VDOP. Output field for current VDOP of the computed position.
Configuring the Display Mask GPS900 97
Page 98
10 Configuring the HOT Keys and the USER Menu
Description The settings on this screen assign a particular function, screen or application program to
each of the hot keys and to the USER key. Refer to "26 Understanding HOT Keys, USER key,
STATUS Key" for more information on hot keys and the USER key.
Access .
Configuring
the Hot Keys
CONT (F1)
To accept the screen entries and continue.
DEFLT (F5)
To recall the default settings.
PAGE (F6)
To change to the next page on the screen.
Field Description of Field
F7 to F12 All functions, screens or application programs which can be assigned
to the particular key.
Configuring the HOT Keys and the USER Menu GPS900 98
Page 99
Configuring
the User Menu
CONT (F1)
To accept the screen entries and continue.
DEFLT (F5)
To recall the default settings.
PAGE (F6)
To change to the next page on the screen.
Field Description of Field
1 to 9 All functions, screens or application programs which can be assigned
to the individual lines in the user defined menu.
Configuring the HOT Keys and the USER Menu GPS900 99
Page 100
11 Configuring the Instrument Identification
Description The settings on this screen define the instrument identification number. This number is used
for the generation of the file names. Using format files, the instrument ID can be output
together with data from the instrument. By doing so, it can be identified which instrument
was used for certain measurements.
Access .
Configuring
CONT (F1)
To accept the screen entries and continue.
DEFLT (F5)
To recall the default settings.
Field Description of Field
Instrument ID Sets a four digit number as instrument identification number. By
default the last four numbers of the serial number are used.
Configuring the Instrument Identification GPS900 100
Loading...