Lancom OAP-54, OAP-310agn User Manual
...connecting your business
LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless
LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
쮿
Handbuch
쮿
Manual
LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless
LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
© 2009 LANCOM Systems GmbH, Wuerselen (Germany). All rights reserved.
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0909
While the information in this manual has been compiled with great care, it may not be deemed an assurance of product
characteristics. LANCOM Systems shall be liable only to the degree specified in the terms of sale and delivery.
The reproduction and distribution of the documentation and software supplied with this product and the use of its contents
is subject to written authorization from LANCOM Systems. We reserve the right to make any alterations that arise as the
result of technical development.
Windows®, Windows Vista™, Windows NT® and Microsoft® are registered trademarks of Microsoft, Corp.
The LANCOM Systems logo, LCOS and the name LANCOM are registered trademarks of LANCOM Systems GmbH. All other
names or descriptions used may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their owners.
Subject to change without notice. No liability for technical errors or omissions.
Products from LANCOM Systems include software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit (http:/
/www.openssl.org/).
Products from LANCOM Systems include cryptographic software written by Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com
Products from LANCOM Systems include software developed by the NetBSD Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
Products from LANCOM Systems contain the LZMA SDK developed by Igor Pavlov.
LANCOM Systems GmbH
Adenauerstr. 20/B2
52146 Wuerselen
Germany
www.lancom.eu
).
Wuerselen, September 2009
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Preface
LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
Preface
Thank you for placing your trust in this
The LANCOM OAP Wireless are designed to offer high-performance wireless
LAN in tough environments.
The housing that conforms with IP66 and the facilities for sturdy mounting on
walls or poles all make the LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless ideally suited for locations where the demands on stability and robustness are at their highest.
Depending on the model equipped with an integrated heating and cooling the
devices enable operation in temperatures from -30° to +70°C (LANCOM
OAP-54 Wireless) and -30° to +65°C (LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless)
respectively.
With the integrated 54/108 Mbps WLAN module according to IEEE 802.11a/
h or IEEE 802.11b/g the LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless work in the 2,4 or 5 GHz
frequency range. The LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless comes with two WLAN
modules and hence can work in both frequency ranges simultaneously.
The LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless additionally supports the standard IEEE
802.11n and offers a maximum WLAN performance with up to 300 Mpbs.
MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology allows the LANCOM OAP310agn Wireless to transfer several data streams in parallel and thus significantly improve data throughput.
The modells of the LANCOM OAP Wireless series can be configured in standalone, managed and client mode. In managed mode, the access point can be
securely managed by the LANCOM WLAN Controller.
LANCOM Systems
product.
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Model
restrictions
Model variants
This documentation is intended for LANCOM OAP Wireless users. The
following models are available:
The LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless with two integrated WLAN modules.
The LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless with support for IEEE 802.11n stan-
dard and connectors for up to three antennas.
Passages applying only to certain models are identified either in the text itself
or by a comment in the margin.
Otherwise the documentation refers to all models collectively as the LANCOM
OAP Wireless series.
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LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
Preface
Security settings
To maximize the security available from your product, we recommend that you
undertake all of the security settings (e.g. firewall, encryption, access protection) that were not already activated when you purchased the product. The
LANconfig Wizard 'Security Settings' will help you with this task. Further information is also available in the chapter 'Security settings'.
We would additionally like to ask you to refer to our Internet site
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www.lancom.eu
for the latest information about your product and technical
developments, and also to download our latest software versions.
Components of the documentation
The documentation of your device consists of the following parts:
Installation Guide
User manual
Reference manual
Menu Reference Guide
You are now reading the user manual. It contains all information you need to
put your device into operation. It also contains all of the important technical
specifications.
The Reference Manual is to be found as an Acrobat document (PDF file) at
www.lancom.eu/download
or on the CD supplied. It is designed as a supplement to the user manual and goes into detail on topics that apply to a variety
of models. These include, for example:
The system design of the operating system LCOS
Configuration
Management
Diagnosis
Security
Routing and WAN functions
Firewall
Quality of Service (QoS)
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
Virtual Local Networks (VLAN)
Wireless networks (WLAN)
Backup solutions
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LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
Preface
Further server services (DHCP, DNS, charge management)
The Menu Reference Guide (also available at www.lancom.eu/download
the CD supplied) describes all of the parameters in LCOS, the operating system
used by LANCOM products. This guide is an aid to users during the configuration of devices by means of WEBconfig or the telnet console.
This documentation was created by …
... several members of our staff from a variety of departments in order to
ensure you the best possible support when using your
Should you find any errors, or if you would like to suggest improvements, please do not hesitate to send an e-mail directly to:
info@lancom.de
Our online services www.lancom.eu are available to you around the
clock if you have any questions on the content in this manual, or if you
require any further support. The area 'Support' will help you with
many answers to frequently asked questions (FAQs). Furthermore, the
knowledgebase offers you a large reserve of information. The latest
drivers, firmware, utilities and documentation are constantly available
for download.
In addition, LANCOM Support is available. For telephone numbers
and contact addresses for LANCOM Support, please refer to the enclosed leaflet or the LANCOM Systems Web site.
LANCOM
or on
product.
EN
Information symbols
Very important instructions. Failure to observe these may result in damage.
Important instruction that should be observed.
Additional information that may be helpful but is not essential.
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LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
Content
Content
1 Introduction 9
1.1 What is a wireless LAN? 9
1.1.1 Modes of operation of wireless LANs and access points
10
1.2 Wireless LANs in accordance with 802.11n 10
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2 Installation 23
1.2.1 Advantages of 802.11n 10
1.2.2 Compatibility with other standards 11
1.2.3 The physical layer 12
1.2.4 The MAC layer 18
1.3 Just what can your LANCOM Wireless Router do? 20
2.1 Package contents 23
2.2 System requirements 23
2.2.1 Configuring the LANCOM devices 23
2.2.2 Operating access points in managed mode 24
2.3 Status displays and interfaces 24
2.3.1 LEDs of LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and LANCOM OAP310agn Wireless 24
2.4 The device connectors 27
2.5 Mounting and connectiong the LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and
LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless 30
2.6 Software installation 34
2.6.1 Starting the software setup 34
2.6.2 Which software should I install? 35
3 Basic configuration 36
3.1 Details you will need 36
3.1.1 TCP/IP settings 37
3.1.2 Configuration protection 38
3.1.3 Settings for the wireless LAN 39
3.2 Instructions for LANconfig 40
3.3 Instructions for WEBconfig 41
3.4 TCP/IP settings for PC workstations 45
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LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
Content
4 Security settings 47
4.1 Security in the wireless LAN 47
4.1.1 Encrypted data transfer (802.11i/WPA or WEP) 47
4.1.2 802.1x / EAP 48
4.1.3 LANCOM Enhanced Passphrase Security 48
4.1.4 Access control by MAC address 49
4.1.5 IPSec over WLAN 49
4.2 Tips for the proper treatment of keys and passphrases 50
4.3 Security settings Wizard 50
4.3.1 LANconfig Wizard 51
4.3.2 WEBconfig Wizard 52
4.4 The security checklist 52
5 Advanced wireless LAN configuration 57
5.1 WLAN configuration with the wizards in LANconfig 57
5.2 Special wireless LAN parameters for 802.11n 59
5.2.1 Compatibility 59
5.2.2 Performance settings for the wireless LAN module 59
5.2.3 Performance settings for wireless LAN networks 60
5.2.4 Configuring 802.11n parameters 62
5.3 Point-to-point connections 63
5.3.1 Geometric dimensioning of outdoor wireless network
links 64
5.3.2 Antenna alignment for P2P operations 68
5.3.3 Measuring wireless bridges 70
5.3.4 Activating the point-to- point operation mode 70
5.3.5 Configuration of P2P connections 71
5.3.6 Access points in relay mode 74
5.3.7 Security for point-to- point connections 75
5.4 Client mode 76
5.4.1 Client settings 77
5.4.2 Set the SSID of the available networks 78
5.4.3 Encryption settings 78
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LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
Content
6 Setting up Internet access 80
6.1 The Internet Connection Wizard 81
6.1.1 Instructions for LANconfig 81
6.1.2 Instructions for WEBconfig 81
6.2 The Firewall Wizard 82
6.2.1 LANconfig Wizard 82
6.2.2 Configuration under WEBconfig 83
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7 Options and accessories 84
7.1 Optional AirLancer Extender antennas 84
7.1.1 Antenna diversity 84
7.1.2 Polarization diversity 85
7.1.3 MIMO 85
7.1.4 Installing the AirLancer Extender antennas 85
7.2 LANCOM Public Spot Option 87
7.3 LANCOM VPN Option 89
8 Advice & assistance 90
8.1 No WAN connection can be established 90
8.2 Slow DSL transmission 90
8.3 Unwanted connections under Windows XP 91
9 Appendix 92
9.1 Performance data and specifications 92
9.2 Connector wiring 93
9.2.1 Ethernet interface 10/100Base-TX, DSL interface 93
9.3 CE-declarations of conformity 93
10 Index 94
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LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
Chapter 1: Introduction
1Introduction
1.1 What is a wireless LAN?
The following sections describe the functionality of wireless networks
in general. You can see from the table 'What your LANCOM can do'
further below which functions your device supports. Please refer to
the reference manual for further information on this topic.
A wireless LAN connects individual end-user devices (PCs and mobile computers) to form a local network (also called – Local Area Network). In contrast
to a traditional LAN, communication takes place over a wireless connection
and not over network cables. For this reason it is called a Wireless Local Area
Network (WLAN).
A wireless LAN provides the same functionality as a cable-based network:
Access to files, servers, printers etc. as well as the integration of individual
work stations into a corporate mail system or access to the Internet.
There are obvious advantages to wireless LANs: Notebooks and PCs can be
installed where they are needed—problems with missing connections or
structural changes are a thing of the past with wireless networks.
Apart from that, wireless LANs can also be used for connections over longer
distances. Expensive leased lines and the associated construction measures
can be saved.
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LANCOM Wireless Routers and LANCOM Access Points can be opera-
ted either as self-sufficient Access Points with their own configuration
(WLAN modules in "Access Point mode“) or as components in a WLAN
infrastructure, which is controlled from a central WLAN-Controller
("managed mode").
Split management can be used to separate the WLAN configuration
from the rest of the router configuration. This allows router settings
and VPN settings to be adjusted locally, for example in a branch office
or home office installation, and the WLAN configuration is regulated
by a LANCOM WLAN Controller at the main office.
Please observe the corresponding notices to this in this documentation or in the LCOS reference manual.
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LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1.1 Modes of operation of wireless LANs and access points
Wireless LAN technology and access points in wireless LANs are used in the
following modes of operation:
Simple, direct connection between terminal devices with an access point
(ad-hoc mode)
Extensive wireless LANs, possibly connected to a LAN, with one or more
access points (infrastructure network)
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Transmission of VPN-encrypted connections with VPN pass through
Establishing access to the Internet
Connecting two LANs over a wireless link (point-to-point mode)
Connecting devices with an Ethernet interface via an access point (client
mode)
Extending an existing Ethernet network with a wireless LAN (bridge mode)
Relay function for connecting networks via multiple access points
WDS (Wireless Distribution Systems)
Central administration using a LANCOM WLAN Controller
1.2 Wireless LANs in accordance with 802.11n
10
The new wireless LAN standard IEEE 802.11n—ratified as „WLAN Enhancements for Higher Throughput“ in september 2009—features a number of
technical developments that promise up to six-times the performance in wireless LANs.
Some of the improvements refer to the physical layer (PHY), which describes
the transmission of individual bits over the physical medium—in this case the
air represents the physical medium. Other additions are concerned with the
MAC (medium access control) that among other things governs access to the
transmission medium. The two areas are treated separately below.
You can find additional information on this subject in the LCOS refe-
rence manual or in the technical papers relating to this topic.
1.2.1 Advantages of 802.11n
The new technology includes the following advantages:
Higher effective data throughput
The 802.11n standard includes a number of new mechanisms to significantly increase available bandwidth. Current wireless LAN standards
LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
Chapter 1: Introduction
based on 802.11a/g enable physical data rates (gross data rates) of up to
54 Mbps, which turn out to be approx. 22 Mbps net. Networks based on
802.11n currently achieve a gross data throughput of up to 300 Mbps
(in reality approx. 120 to 130 Mbps net) – theoretically the standard defines up to 600 Mbps with four data streams. For the first time, maximum
speeds exceed the 100 Mbps of cable- based Fast Ethernet networks,
which are currently standard in most workplaces.
Improved and more reliable wireless coverage
The new 802.11n technologies do not just increase date throughput but
bring about improvements in the range and reduce the wireless dead
spots in existing a/b/g installations.
This results in better signal coverage and improved stability for significantly better utilization of wireless networks, in particular for users in professional environments.
Greater range
Data throughput generally decreases when the distance between receiver
and transmitter increases. The overall improved data throughput allows
wireless LANs based on 802.11n to achieve greater ranges, as a significantly stronger wireless signal is received by the Access Point over a given
distance than in 802.11a/b/g networks.
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1.2.2 Compatibility with other standards
The 802.11n standard is backwardly compatible to previous standards
(IEEE 802.11a/b/g). However, some of the advantages of the new technology
are only available when, in addition to the access points, the wireless LAN clients are also compatible with 802.11n.
In order to allow the co-existence of wireless LAN clients based on 802.11a/
b/g (called "legacy clients") 802.11n access points offer special mechanisms
for mixed operation, where performance increases over 802.11a/b/g are not
as high. Only in all-802.11n environments is the "greenfield mode" used,
which can exploit all the advantages of the new technology. In greenfield
mode both access points and wireless LAN clients support the 802.11n standard, and access points reject connections with legacy clients.
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LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.2.3 The physical layer
The physical layers describes how data must be transformed in order for them
to be transmitted as individual bits over the physical medium. In this process
the following steps are performed in a wireless LAN device:
Modulation of digital data into analog carrier signals
Modulation of the carrier signal into a radio signal in the selected fre-
quency band, which for a wireless LAN is either 2.4 or 5 GHz.
EN
The second modulation step in IEEE 802.11n occurs in the same way as in
conventional wireless LAN standards and is therefore not covered here.
However, there are a number of changes in the way digital data are modulated into analog signals in 802.11n.
Improved OFDM modulation (MIMO-OFDM)
Like 802.11a/g, 802.11n uses the OFDM scheme (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex) as its method of modulation. This modulates the data signal
not on just one carrier signal but in parallel over several. The data throughput
that can be achieved with OFDM modulation depends on the following parameters, among other things:
Number of carrier signals: Whereas 802.11a/g uses 48 carrier signals,
802.11n can use a maximum of 52.
12
IEEE 802.11a/b/g:
48 carrier signals
20 MHz 20 MHz
IEEE 802.11n:
52 carrier signals
Payload data rate: Airborne data transmission is fundamentally unreli-
able. Even small glitches in the WLAN system can result in errors in data
transmission. Check sums are used to compensate for these errors, but
these take up a part of the available bandwidth. The payload data rate
indicates the ratio between theoretically available bandwidth and actual
payload. 802.11a/g can operate at payload rates of 1/2 or 3/4 while
802.11n can use up to 5/6 of the theoretically available bandwidth for
payload data.
LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
Gross bandwidth
Payload rate for 802.11a/b/g: 1/2
Checksum Payload data
Payload rate for 802.11a/b/g: 3/4
Chapter 1: Introduction
Maximum payload rate for 802.11n: 5/6
These two features increase the maximum useable bandwidth of 54 Mbps for
802.11a/g to 65 Mbps for 802.11n. This increase is not exactly spectacular,
but it can be further improved by using the following features:
MIMO technology
MIMO (multiple input multiple output) is the most important new technology
contained in 802.11n. MIMO uses several transmitters and several receivers
to transmit up to four parallel data streams on the same transmission channel
(currently only two parallel data streams have been implemented). The result
is an increase in data throughput and improved wireless coverage.
MIMO AP 802.11n
MIMO Client 802.11n
For example, the Access Point splits the data into two groups which are then
sent simultaneously via separate antennas to the WLAN client. Data throughput can therefore be doubled using two transmitting and receiving antennas.
But how can several signals be transmitted on a single channel simultaneously? This was considered impossible with previous WLAN applications.
Let us consider how data is transmitted in "normal" wireless LAN networks:
Depending on antenna type, an Access Point's antenna broadcasts data in
several directions simultaneously. These electromagnetic waves are reflected
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LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
Chapter 1: Introduction
by the surrounding surfaces causing a broadcast signal to reach the WLAN client's antenna over many different paths; this is also referred to as "multipath
propagation". Each of these paths has a different length meaning that individual signals reach the client with a different time delay.
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ACCESS POINT
WLAN-Client
These time-delayed signals interfere with each other at the WLAN client and
significantly weaken the original signal. For this reason, conventional WLAN
networks should always have a direct line of sight (LOS) between transmitter
and receiver in order to reduce the influence of reflections.
MIMO technology transforms this weakness in WLAN transmission into a
strength that allows an enormous increase in data throughput. As mentioned
above, it is virtually impossible to transmit different signals on the same channel simultaneously as the receiver cannot distinguish between them. MIMO
uses the reflection of electromagnetic waves and the associated spatial aspect
to obtain a third criterion for identifying the signals.
A signal sent by transmitter A and received by receiver 1 follows a different
path than a signal from transmitter B to receiver 2. Due to the different reflections and changes in polarization that both signals experience along their
paths, each of these paths takes on its own characteristics. When data transmission starts, a training phases records the characteristics of the path by
transmitting standardized data. Subsequently, the data received here is used
to calculate which data stream the signals belong to. The receiver decides for
itself which of the incoming signals is to be processed, thus avoiding loss from
interference.
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LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
Chapter 1: Introduction
A
MIMO AP 802.11n
B
MIMO thus allows the simultaneous transmission of several signals over one
shared medium, such as the air. Individual transmitters and receivers must be
positioned a minimum distance apart from one another, although this is just
a few centimeters. This separation results in differing reflections and signal
paths that can be used to separate the signals.
Generally speaking, MIMO can provide up to fo ur parallel data strea ms, whi ch
are also called "spatial streams". However, the current generation of chips can
only implement two parallel data streams as the separation of data streams
based on characteristic path information demands high levels of computing
power, which consumes both time and electricity. The latter tends to be undesirable particularly for WLAN systems, where attempts are often made to
achieve independence from power sockets at the WLAN client or when using
PoE as the electricity supply for the Access Point.
Even if the aim of four spatial streams has not yet been achieved, the use of
two separate data connections results in a doubling of data throughput,
which represents a true technological leap in th e area of WLAN sys tems. Combined with the improvements in OFDM modulation, the data throughput that
can be attained increases to 130 Mbps.
The short description "transmitter x receiver" expresses the actual number of
transmitting and receiving antennas. 3x3 MIMO describes three transmitting
and three receiving antennas. However, the number of antennas does not
equate with the number of data streams: the antennas available only limit the
maximum number of spatial streams. The reason for using more antennas
than strictly necessary for data stream transmission relates to the method of
allocating the signals according to their characteristic path: A third signal is
used to transmit additional spatial information. If the data from the first two
1
MIMO Client 802.11n
2
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LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
Chapter 1: Introduction
signals cannot be uniquely identified, their computation can still be performed
with the aid of the third signal. The use of additional antennas does not contribute to an increase in data throughput, but it does result in a more even,
stronger coverage for clients.
MIMO in outdoor use
Outdoor 802.11n applications cannot use natural reflections since signal
EN
transmission usually takes place over the direct path between directional
antennas. In order to transmit two data streams in parallel, special antennas
are employed that use polarization channels turned through 90° to each
other. These so-called "dual-slant" antennas are really two antennas in one
housing. Since a third signal does not offer additional reliability, outdoor
applications generally use as many antennas (or polarization channels) as
there are data streams for transmission.
BUILDING
MIMO AP 802.11n
16
BUILDING
POLARIZATION
DIVERSITY
POLARISATION
DIVERSITY
MIMO AP 802.11n
40 MHz channels
As the above explanation of OFDM modulation states, data throughput rises
with an increasing number of carrier signals because this allows several signals to be transmitted simultaneously. If a channel with a bandwidth of
20 MHz supports no more than 48 (802.11a/g) or 52 (802.11n) carrier signals,
the obvious choice would be to use a second channel with additional carrier
signals.
This method was used in the past by a number of manufacturers (including
LANCOM Systems) and was referred to as "turbo mode", allowing data rates
of up to 108 Mbps. Turbo mode does not form part of the official IEEE standard but is frequently employed on point-to-point connections, for example,
because compatibility to other manufacturers tends to play a secondary role.
However, the success of the underlying technology has lead to its incorporation into 802.11n. IEEE 802.11n uses the second transmission channel in a
LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
Chapter 1: Introduction
way that maintains compatibility to IEEE 802.11a/g devices. 802.11n transmits data over two contiguous channels. One of these assumes the task of a
control channel that, among other things, handles the administration of data
transmission. Concentrating these basic tasks into the control channel means
that devices supporting a transmission at 20 MHz only can also be connected.
The second channel is an extension that only comes comes into effect if the
remote client also supports data transmission at 40 MHz. The use of the
second channel remains optional throughout, with transmitter and receiver
deciding dynamically whether one or two channels should be employed.
Control channel Extension channel
20 MHz 20 MHz
As the implementation of 40 MHz with separate control and extension channels is more efficient in the 802.11n standard than in the conventional turbo
mode, more than double the amount of carrier signals can be obtained (108
in total). The maximum data throughput when using improved OFDM modulation and two parallel data streams thus rises to 270 Mbps.
EN
Short guard interval
The final improvement of the 802.11n standard is the improvement in the
chronological sequence of data transmission. A signal that is to be transmitted in a WLAN system is not broadcast at a distinct point in time but is "held
up" for a certain, constant transmission period. In order to prevent interference at the receiving end, a short break is made following the transmission
period before the transmission of the next signal commences. The entire duration of transmission period and break are referred to in WLAN terminology as
"symbol length" and the break itself is known as the "guard interval".
IEEE 802.11a/g uses a symbol length of 4 μs: the information transmitted on
the carrier signal changes following transmission of 3.2 μs and a break of
0.8 μs. 802.11n reduces the break between transmissions to the so-called
"short guard interval" of only 0.4 μs.
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LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
Chapter 1: Introduction
OFDM Symbol
3,2 μs 0,8 μs
Payload data
EN
3,2 μs
Transmitting data in shorter intervals thus increases the maximum data
throughput when using improved OFDM modulation, two parallel data
streams and transmission at 40 MHz to 300 Mbps.
1.2.4 The MAC layer
Frame aggregation
The improvements in the physical layer brought about by the new 802.11n initially describe only the theoretical data throughput of the physical medium.
However, the share of this theoretical bandwidth that is actually available for
payload data is limited by two factors:
in addition to the actual payload data, each data packet in a wireless LAN
system contains additional information such as a preamble and MAC
address information.
Time is lost to the management events that occur when the transmission
medium is actually accessed. Thus the transmitter must negotiate access
authorization with the other receivers before transmitting each data
packet (frame); further delays are caused by data packet collisions and
other events.
This loss, referred to as "overhead", can be reduced by combining several data
packets together to form one large frame and transmitting them together. In
this process, information such as the preamble are only transmitted once for
all the combined data packets and delays due to negotiating access to the
transmission medium only occur at longer intervals.
The use of this method, known as frame aggregation, is subject to certain
restrictions:
As information such as MAC address only needs to be transmitted once
for the aggregated frame, only those data packets intended for the same
address can be combined.
0,4 μs
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LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
Chapter 1: Introduction
All data packets that are to be combined into a single large frame must
be available at the sender at the time of aggregation—as a consequence
some data packets may have to wait until enough data packets for the
same destination are available with which they can be combined. This
aspect may represent a significant limitation for time-critical transmissions such as voice over IP.
Block acknowledgement
Each data packet directed to a specific address (i.e. not broadcast or multicast
packets) is acknowledged immediately after receipt. In this way, the transmitter is informed that the packet was received correctly and does not need to be
repeated. This principle also applies to aggregated frames in 802.11n.
Two different methods are used for frame aggregation. These are not explained in detail here, but they differ in the way aggregated frames are acknowledged.
Mac Service Data Units Aggregation (MSDUA) combines several Ethernet
packets together to form one common wireless LAN packet. This packet is
acknowledged only once and the acknowledgment is valid for all aggregated packets. If there is no acknowledgement the whole block is resent.
Mac Protocol Data Units Aggregation (MPDUA) combines individual wire-
less LAN packets together to form one large common wireless LAN packet.
In this case, each wireless LAN packet is acknowledged and the acknowledgements are combined and transmitted as a block. In contrast to
MSDUA, the sender receives information about the receipt status of every
single WLAN packet and can, if necessary, resend only those specific
packets that were not successful.
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LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.3 Just what can your LANCOM Wireless Router do?
The following table provides a comparison of the properties and functions of
your device.
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Applications
Outdoor operation in tough environments with extreme
temperature ranges (high temperature stability)
Internet Access
IP router with Stateful Inspection Firewall
DHCP and DNS server (for LAN and WAN)
N:N mapping for routing networks with the same IPaddress ranges over VPN
Policy-based routing
Backup solutions and load balancing with VRRP
PPPoE Server
WAN RIP
Spanning Tree protocol
Layer 2 QoS tagging
VPN gateway (optional)
WLAN
Wireless transmission by IEEE 802.11g and IEEE 802.11b
Wireless transmission by IEEE 802.11a and IEEE 802.11h
Wireless transmission by IEEE 802.11n (including 40
MHz channels, packet aggregation, block acknowledgement, short guard interval)
Point-to-point mode (six P2P paths can be defined per
WLAN interface)
Relay function to link two P2P connections
Access point mode
Client mode
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LANCOM
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LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
Chapter 1: Introduction
Managed mode for central configuration of WLAN modules by a WLAN Controller
Turbo Modus: Bandbreitenverdopplung im 2,4 GHz- und
5 GHz-Bereich
Super AG inkl. Hardware-Compression und Bursting
Multi SSID
Roaming function
802.11i / WPA with hardware AES encryption
WEP encryption (up to 128 Bit key length, WEP152)
IEEE 802.1x/EAP
MAC address filter (ACL)
Individual passphrases per MAC address (LEPS)
Closed network function
Integrated RADIUS server
VLAN
Intra-Cell Blocking
WLAN QoS (IEEE 802.11e, WME)
LAN connection
Fast Ethernet LAN port (10/100Base-TX)
Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)
DHCP and DNS server
WAN connection
Connection for DSL or cable modem
Internet connection (IP-Router)
Stateful Inspection Firewall
Firewall filters (IP addresses, ports)
IP-Masquerading (NAT, PAT)
LANCOM
OAP-54
Wireless
LANCOM
OAP-310agn
Wireless
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LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Quality of Service (QoS)
VPN gateway with VPN hardware encryption (optional)
Power supply
Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)
Configuration and firmware
Configuration with LANconfig or with web browser,
additionally terminal mode for Telnet or other terminal
programs, SNMP interface and TFTP server function.,
SSH connection.
Setup wizards
FirmSafe with firmware versions for absolutely secure
software upgrades
Monitoring and management of the WLAN with Rogue
AP Detection
Optional software extensions
LANCOM Public Spot Option
LANCOM VPN Option with 25 active tunnels for protection of network couplings
Optional hardware extensions
AirLancer Extender antennas for increased range
LANCOM PoE Power Injector (100 Mbps)
Housing
IP66-rated housing for deployment in extreme environments
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OAP-54
Wireless
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OAP-310agn
Wireless
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LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
Chapter 2: Installation
2 Installation
This chapter will assist you to quickly install hardware and software. First,
check the package contents and system requirements. The device can be
installed and configured quickly and easily if all prerequisites are fulfilled.
2.1 Package contents
Please check the package contents for completeness before starting the
installation. In addition to the base station itself, the package should contain
the following accessories:
LANCOM
OAP-54
Wireless
LAN cable for connecting to PoE Injector with waterproof
screw connections, 15 m
External 360° dualband antennas with reverse N-plug 2 3
Adapter cable reverse N-jack to N- plug, 1,5 m 3 2
Adapter cables reverse N-jack to N- plug, 10 cm 2 2
Mast and wall mount accessories
High Power PoE Injekor (802.3af compatible)
Power cable for PoE Power Injector
Grounding cable with srews
Terminator for a free antanna connector 1 2
LANCOM CD
Printed documentation
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OAP-310agn
Wireless
If anything is missing, please contact your retailer or the address stated on the
delivery slip of the unit.
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2.2 System requirements
2.2.1 Configuring the LANCOM devices
Computers that connect to a LANCOM must meet the following minimum
requirements:
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LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
Chapter 2: Installation
Operating system with TCP/IP support, suchas Windows, Linux, BSD Unix,
Apple Mac OS, OS/2.
Access to the LAN via the TCP/IP protocol.
Wireless LAN adapter or LAN access (if the access point is to be connected
to the LAN).
The LANtools also require a Windows operating system. A web brow-
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ser under any operating system provides access to WEBconfig.
2.2.2 Operating access points in managed mode
LANCOM Wireless Routers and LANCOM Access Points can be operated either
as self-sufficient Access Points with their own configuration ("Access Point
mode“) or as components in a WLAN infrastructure, which is controlled from
a central WLAN-Controller ("managed mode").
2.3 Status displays and interfaces
Meanings of the LEDs
In the following sections we will use different terms to describe the behaviour
of the LEDs:
Blinking means, that the LED is switched on or off at regular intervals in
the respective indicated colour.
Flashing means, that the LED lights up very briefly in the respective
colour and stay then clearly longer (approximately 10x longer) switched
off.
Inverse flashing means the opposite. The LED lights permanently in the
respective colour and is only briefly interrupted.
Flickering means, that the LED is switched on and off in irregular inter-
vals.
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2.3.1 LEDs of LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
The front and the rear panels of the unit feature a series of light emitting
diodes (LEDs) that provide information on the status of the device.
LANCOM OAP-54
Wireless
LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
Chapter 2: Installation
LANCOM OAP-310agn
Wireless
Power
LAN
WLAN1
(LANCOM
OAP-54
Wireless only)
Power LAN
WLAN-1WLAN
-2
WAN Message
WLAN
Power LAN
Link
WLAN
Data
WAN Message
This LED indicates that the device is operational. After the device has been
switched on, the LED remains lit green.
Status of the LAN port
off No network device connected
yellow constantly on Connection to network device operational; transfer rate
yellow inverse flashing Data traffic
10 or 100 Mbps
Gives information about the wireless LAN access of the first internal wireless
network adapter of the base station. The WLAN link display can assume three
states:
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WLAN2
(LANCOM
OAP-54
Wireless only)
WLAN Link
(LANCOM
OAP-310agn
Wireless only)
off WLAN module out of order or deactivated in the device
yellow constantly on Wireless LAN adapter ready for use
yellow inverse flashing Number of flashes: number of WLAN stations connected
configuration
and p2p links, followed by a pause
Gives information about the wireless LAN access of the second internal wireless network adapter of the base station. Meaning as desribed for WLAN1.
Provides information about the WLAN connections via the internal WLAN
module.
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LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
Chapter 2: Installation
The following can be displayed for WLAN link:
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WLAN Data
(LANCOM
OAP-310agn
Wireless only)
WAN
Off No WLAN network defined or WLAN module deactiva-
Yellow At least one WLAN network is defined and WLAN
Yellow Inverse flashing Number of flashes = number of connected WLAN stati-
Yellow Blinking DFS scanning or other scan procedure.
ted. The WLAN module is not transmitting beacons.
module activated. The WLAN module is transmitting
beacons.
ons and P2P wireless connections, followed by a pause
(default).
Alternatively, the frequency of the flashed can indicate
the received signal strength of a P2P link or the received
signal strength from an access point, to which this
device is connected in client mode.
Provides information about the data traffic at the internal WLAN module.
The following can be displayed for WLAN data:
Yellow Flickering TX data traffic.
Connection status of the WAN interface. The WAN link display can assume
three states:
off Not connected
green constantly on Connection established
green inverse flashing Data transfer via WAN
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LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
Chapter 2: Installation
Message
Flashing Message-LED but no connection?
There's no need to worry if the Message- LED blinks red and you
con no longer connect to the WAN. This simply indicates that a
preset time or connect-charge limit has been reached.
There are three methods available for unlocking:
Reset connect charge protection.
Increase the limit that has been reached.
Completely deactivate the lock that has been triggered (set
limit to '0').
If a time or connect charge limit has been reached, you will be notified in LANmonitor. To
reset the connect charge protection, select Reset Charge and Time Limits in the context
menu (right mouse click). You can configure the connect charge settings in LANconfig under
Management Costs (you will only be able to access this configuration if 'Complete configuration display' is selected under View Options…).
You will find the connect charge protection reset in WEBconfig and all parameters under:
LCOS Menu Tree Setup Charges-module
Gives general information about the device.
Signal for reached time or
charge limit
off Device ready for use
red flashing (slow) Time or connect-charge reached
red flashing (fast) Device insecure: configuration password not assigned
red flickering WLAN module defected
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The power LED flashes red when a charge limit is reached.
2.4 The device connectors
The connections and switches of the LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and LANCOM
OAP-310agn Wireless are located on the top and bottom side.
On the top are the two antenna connectors. The bottom side accommodates
the LAN and WAN connectors, the reset button and an additional antenna
connector.
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LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
Chapter 2: Installation
LANCOM OAP-54
Wireless
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WLAN-1WLAN
Power LAN
LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
Main connector for the first
-2
WAN Message
Connector for antenna 1.
WLAN module.
Aux connector for the first
Connector for antenna 2.
WLAN module.
Earth cable connector.
10/100Base-Tx for connection to the LAN. Both 10 Mbit or 100 Mbit
connections are supported. The available transfer rate is detected automatically (autosensing). The LAN connection features an automatic
MDI/MDIX detector enabling the use of cross-over cables.
The LAN connector on the LANCOM OAP Wireless supports the Power
over Ethernet standard (PoE).
WAN connector; can alternatively be configured as a LAN connector
(also with autosensing of 10/100 Mbps and automatic recognition of
MDI/MDIX).
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Reset button (see "Reset button functions").
Antenna connector for the sec-
Connector for antenna 3.
ond WLAN module.
LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless and LANCOM OAP-310agn Wireless
Chapter 2: Installation
Power over Ethernet – the elegant power supply via LAN cabling
Electricity supply to the LANCOM OAP Wireless takes place via Power over Ethernet. This
requires the use of the Power Injector as included in the scope of supply.
The use of other PoE injector devices, e.g. those compliant with the IEEE 802.3af stand-
ard, is not permitted and using them can cause damage to the devices. The LANCOM
OAP Wireless has a power consumption of up to 25 Watts when operating at its full
heating or cooling capacity. The resulting flow of current in the PoE cable places constraints on the length of cable that can be used.
Due to the high power consumption of the LANCOM OAP Wireless, a disturbance-free power
supply can only be assured with PoE cabling of up to 50m in length.
For the same reason, the maximum length of cable to the next Ethernet switch may not exceed
50m, even if the PoE feed takes place over a shorter length of cable (e.g. when using the 15m
cable).
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LAPTOP/W-LAN
ACCESS POINT
Maximum 50 meters between access point and Power Injector/Switch!
To this end, the 15m PoE cable with a waterproof thread as supplied with the LANCOM OAP
Wireless can simply be extended with a coupler. An Ethernet cable coupler and Cat 5 Ethernet
cable are available from specialist resellers.
Please ensure that all cables used are of at least Cat 5 quality. All four conductor pairs
must have contact through all of the cables.
The 1Port Power Injector supplied with the LANCOM OAP Wireless does not comply
fully with the IEEE 802.3af standard. It is suitable for supplying power to the LAN port
of the LANCOM OAP-54 Wireless only. If you wish to safely supply power to other
devices with IEEE802.3af, LANCOM can supply a proprietary LANCOM PoE Injector.
SA-5L
230 V
PoE Switch 48 V
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