Lab.gruppen PLM 20000Q, PLM 14000, PLM 10000Q Operation Manual

Operation Manual

PLM™ Series

Powered Loudspeaker Management™ systems

Operation Manual

Rev 1.3.5

Item: OM-PLM

Operation Manual

Important Safety Instructions

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

1. Important Safety Instructions

Before using the device, be sure to carefully read the Safety Instructions. Keep this document with the device at all times.

1.1 Important Safety Instructions

1. Read these instructions.

2. Keep these instructions.

3. Heed all warnings.

4. Follow all instructions.

5. Do not use this apparatus near water.

6. Clean only with a dry cloth.

7. Do not block any ventilation openings. Install in accordance
with the manufacturer’s instructions.

8. Do not install near any heat sources such as radiators, heat
registers, stoves, or other apparatus (including ampliers)
that produce heat.

9. Do not defeat the safety purpose of the polarized or
grounding-type plug. A polarized plug has two blades with
one wider than the other. A grounding-type plug has two
blades and a third grounding prong. The wide blade or
the third prong is provided for your safety. If the provided
plug does not t into your outlet, consult an electrician for
replacement of the obsolete outlet.

10. Protect the power cord from being walked on or pinched,
particularly at plugs, convenience receptacles, and the point
where they exit from the apparatus.

11. Only use attachments/accessories specied by the
manufacturer.

12. Use only with a cart, stand, tripod, bracket, or table specied
by the manufacturer, or sold with the apparatus. When a
cart is used, use caution when moving the cart/apparatus
combination to avoid injury from tip-over.

13. Unplug this apparatus during lightning storms or when
unused for long periods of time.

14. Refer all servicing to qualied service personnel. Servicing
is required when the apparatus has been damaged in any
way, such as power-supply cord or plug is damaged, liquid
has been spilled or objects have fallen into the apparatus, the
apparatus has been exposed to rain or moisture, does not
operate normally, or has been dropped.

15. Use the mains plug to disconnect the apparatus from the
mains.

16. WARNING: To reduce the risk of re of electric shock, do not
expose this apparatus to rain or moisture.

17. Do not expose this equipment to dripping or splashing and
ensure that no objects lled with liquids, such as vases, are
placed on the equipment.

18. The mains plug of the power supply cord shall remain readily
operable.

19. Do not connect the unit’s output to any other voltage source,
such as battery, mains source, or power supply, regardless
of whether the unit is turned on or off.

20. Do not remove the top (or bottom) cover. Removal of the
cover will expose hazardous voltages. There are no user
serviceable parts inside and removal may void the warranty.

21. An experienced user shall always super vise this professional
audio equipment, especially if inexperienced adults or
minors are using the equipment.

22. The US National Differences clause 16.3 requires that
network cables must be ame rated VW-1.

To prevent electric shock do not remove top or bottom covers.
No user serviceable parts inside, refer servicing to qualied
service personnel.

À prévenir le choc électrique n’enlevez pas les couvercles. Il n’y a
pas des parties serviceable à l’intérieur, tous reparations doit etre
faire par personnel qualié seulment.

To completely disconnect this equipment from the AC mains,
disconnect the power supply cord plug from the AC receptacle.
The mains plug of the power supply cord shall remain readily
operable.

Pour démonter complètement l’équipement de l’alimentation
générale, démonter le câble d’alimentation de son réceptacle. La
prise d’alimentation restera aisément fonctionnelle.

1.2 Standards

This equipment conforms to the require­ments of the EMC Directive 2004/108/EC
and the requirements of the Low Voltage
Directive 2006/95/EC.

Standards applied: EMC Emission
EN55103-1, E3
EMC Immunity EN55103 -2, E3, with S/N
below 1% at normal operation level.
Electrical Safety EN600 65, Class I

This equipment is tested and listed accord­ing to the U.S. safety standard ANSI/ UL
60065 and Canadian safety standard CSA
C22.2 NO. 60065. Intertek made the tests
and they are a Nationally Recognized Test­ing Laboratory (NRTL).

1.3 Explanation of Graphical Symbols

The lightning bolt triangle is used to alert the user to
the presence of un -insulated “dangerous voltages”
within the unit’s chassis that may be of suf cient
magnitude to constitute a risk of electric shock to
humans.

The exclamation point triangle is used to alert the
user to presence of important operating and service
instructions in the literature accompanying the
product.

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Important Safety Instructions

PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

1.4 WARNING

To reduce risk of re or electric shock, do not expose this apparatus to rain or moisture.

Pour réduire les risques de blessure ou le choc électrique, n’exposez pas l’appareil à la pluie ou à l’humidité.

Do not expose this system/apparatus to dripping or splashing and ensure that no objects lled with liquids, such
as vases, are placed on the apparatus.

L’appareil ne doit pas être exposé à des egouttements d’eau ou des éclaboussures et de plus qu’aucun objet
rempli de liquide tel que des vases ne doit pas être placé sur l’appareil.

This apparatus must be connected to a mains socket outlet with a protective ear thing connection.

Cet appareil doi t être raccordé á une prise de courant qui est branchée à la terre.

The mains plug is used as a disconnect device and shall remain readily operable.

Lorsque la prise du réseau d’alimentation est utilisés comme dispositif de déconnexion, ce dispositif doit
demeuré aisément accessible.

1.5 CAUTION

To reduce the risk of re or electric shock, do not remove screws. No user-serviceable parts inside.
Refer servicing to qualied service personnel.

Pour réduire le risque d’incendie ou de choc électrique, ne pas retirer les vis. Aucune pièce réparable par
l’utilisateur. Coner l’entretien àpersonnel qualié.

1.6 FCC Compliance Notice (Radio Interference)

A sample of this product has been tested and complies with the limits for the European Electro Magnetic
Compatibility (EMC) directive. This equipment has also been tested and found to comply with the limits for a
Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference from electrical equipment. This product uses radio frequency energy
and if not used or installed in accordance with these operating instructions, may cause interference to other
equipment, such as radio receivers.

This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.

Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.

However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment
does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the
equipment on and off, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the
following measures:

▸ Reorient or relocate the antenna.

▸ Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

Important Safety Instructions

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

▸ Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.

▸ Check if the affected unit complies with the EMC limits for immunity, (CE-labeled). If not, address the

problem with the manufacturer or supplier. All electrical products sold in the EC must be approved for
immunity against electromagnetic elds, high voltage ashes, and radio interference.

▸ Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

1.7 User Responsibility

1.7.1 Mains Connection Grounding

Your apparatus must be connected to a grounded socket outlet.

1.7. 2 Speaker Output Hazard on Ampliers

Ampliers are capable of producing hazardous output voltages. To avoid electrical shock, do not touch
any exposed speaker wiring while the amplier is operating. The external wiring connected to the speaker
terminals shall be installed by a qualied person, or ready-made leads or cords of appropriate capacity shall
be used.

As the power output channels on ampliers produce high voltage, do not connect or disconnect
speaker cables when the mains power is on.

1.7. 3 Speaker Damage

Amplier apparatus is very powerful and can be potentially dangerous to both loudspeakers and humans
alike. Many loudspeakers can be easily damaged or destroyed by overpowering them. Always check the
speaker’s continuous and peak power capabilities. Although the ampliers attenuators can be used to
reduce the overall gain, an increase of the input signal can result in full output power, which may cause
damage to connected speakers.

1.7. 4 Maintenance

For safe and reliable operation, the dust lters on both sides of the front panel, behind the grilles, should be
removed and cleaned regularly to ensure maximum airow through the device.

If the dust lters are not maintained there will be safety risks; for example, high internal temperatures
could ignite the dust and start a re. There is also a risk that the unit will malfunction since it is dependent
on constant airow from front to rear. If the dust lters are not clean and the unit malfunctions, any resulting
problems will not be covered by the warranty.

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

Table of Contents

1. Important Safety Instructions ................................................................................................................ i

1.1 Important Safety Instructions ............................................................................................................... i

1.2 Standards .............................................................................................................................................. i

1.3 Explanation of Graphical Symbols ......................................................................................................... i

1.4 WA RNIN G ............................................................................................................................................ ii

1.5 CAU TION ............................................................................................................................................. ii

1.6 FCC Compliance Notice (Radio Interference) ....................................................................................... ii

1.7 User Responsibility ..............................................................................................................................iii

2. Welcome ...................................................................................................................................................1

2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1

2.2 Main Features ......................................................................................................................................1

2.3 Additional Documentation .................................................................................................................... 3

3. Installation ................................................................................................................................................ 4

3.1 Unpacking ............................................................................................................................................4

3.2 Mounting .............................................................................................................................................. 4

3.3 Cooling ................................................................................................................................................. 6

3.4 Operating Voltage ................................................................................................................................ 6

3.5 Grounding ............................................................................................................................................. 7

4. Product Overview .................................................................................................................................... 8

4.1 Front Panel Overview ...........................................................................................................................8

4.2 Back Panel Overview ......................................................................................................................... 11

5. Operation and Performance ................................................................................................................. 15

5.1 Operation Precautions ........................................................................................................................ 15

5.2 Power Output Performance ............................................................................................................... 15

5.3 Amplier and Load Protection Systems ............................................................................................. 17

5.4 Power Supply ..................................................................................................................................... 24

6. Signal Flow and Lake® Processing .......................................................................................................25

6.1 Signal Flow ........................................................................................................................................ 25

6.2 Level Adjustments & Mute Points .....................................................................................................25

6.3 Lake Processing and Control ..............................................................................................................27

6.4 Modules and Frames ........................................................................................................................28

6.5 Loudspeaker Processor Overview .....................................................................................................29

6.6 Files and Presets ................................................................................................................................ 29

7. Front Panel Interface ............................................................................................................................. 31

7.1 Over v i e w ............................................................................................................................................ 31

7.2 Front Panel Key Lock ..........................................................................................................................32

7.3 Power Button ..................................................................................................................................33

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

7.4 Mute Enable Button ..........................................................................................................................33

7.5 Meter Button .....................................................................................................................................33

7.6 Menu Button ...................................................................................................................................... 33

7.7 Exit Button

........................................................................................................................................34

7.8 Dynamic Buttons, Controls and LEDs ................................................................................................ 34

7.9 Warning and Fault Indications ............................................................................................................39

7.10 Meter Mode ....................................................................................................................................... 42

7.11 Menu Mode .......................................................................................................................................46

8. Back Panel Interface .............................................................................................................................. 63

8.1 Speaker Outputs ................................................................................................................................63

8.2 Analog Inputs and Outputs ................................................................................................................68

8.3 AES3 Digital I/O ................................................................................................................................ 70

8.4 RJ45 etherCON Network Connections ..............................................................................................71

8.5 Power Inlet ......................................................................................................................................... 72

9. Appendix ................................................................................................................................................. 74

9.1 Faults and Warnings Overview .......................................................................................................... 74

9.2 Maintenance ...................................................................................................................................... 78

9.3 Factory Default Settings.....................................................................................................................78

9.4 Current Draw and Thermal Dissipation Specications ....................................................................... 79

9.5 Glossary of Terms, Acronyms and Abbreviations ..............................................................................83

10. Application Guide .................................................................................................................................. 86

10.1 Rack I/O Panels .................................................................................................................................. 86

10.2 Power Distribution..............................................................................................................................86

10.3 Gain Structure ....................................................................................................................................87

10.4 Gain / Level Optimization ...................................................................................................................89

10.5 Speaker Congurations ......................................................................................................................92

10.6 Digital Audio Connections .................................................................................................................. 93

10.7 Digital Clock Conguration .................................................................................................................96

11. Technical Specications .......................................................................................................................98

12. Warranty and Support ..........................................................................................................................99

12.1 General ..............................................................................................................................................99

12.2 International Warranties .....................................................................................................................99

12.3 Technical Assistance and Service ......................................................................................................99

12.4 Trademarks ....................................................................................................................................... 10 0

Welcome

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

2. Welcome

2.1 Introduction

Thank you for choosing the Lab.gruppen PLM Series of Powered Loudspeaker Management systems for
your sound reinforcement needs. We are condent that you will be pleased with the performance, unique
features, conguration exibility, reliability, and long-term durability offered by this product.

For fast installation and use of this product, your welcome package includes a printed copy of the
PLM Series Quick Start & Field Reference Guide which contains the information required to safely install the
product and place it in service. Control and editing features are accessible via the front panel interface or via
the included Lake Controller software.

It is recommended that the Quick Start & Field Reference Guide and all product documentation on the
included CD-ROM / USB key is reviewed to ensure familiarity with the various conguration and control
options.

Thank you again for placing your condence in Lab.gruppen products.

2.2 Main Features

The PLM Series incorporates a number of sophisticated technologies to ensure the best possible perfor­mance and many years of reliable operation. The following section summarizes the benets of each feature;
additional information is available in the reference manuals.

2.2.1 Amplier Platform

The PLM Series power output section has expanded upon Lab.gruppen’s robust, road-proven
FP+ Series ampliers. Features in common with the FP+ Series include extraordinary power density,
patented Class TD® output stages, Regulated Switch Mode Power Supply (R.SMPS™), the high-efciency
Intercooler

®

copper-nned cooling system, and a full suite of protection features. Signal inputs are analog,
AES digital, and Dante digital audio network; loop-through outputs or redundant pairs are provided for each
input type.

Please refer to section 5.3 for further information.

2.2.2 Amplier DSP (Digital Signal Processor)

Various features of PLM Series devices are controlled by the on-board DSP, some of which are summarized
in this section.

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

2.2.2.1 Input Gain (Sensitivity)

Input gain (sensitivity) is set in the digital domain for PLM Series devices, and may be controlled via the
Lake Controller software or front-panel interface.

2.2.2.2 ISVPL

™

The Inter-Sample Voltage Peak Limiter (ISVPL) tailors each power output to the characteristics of the
connected load. Please refer to section 5.3.1 for further information.

2.2.2.3 Load Verication & Performance Monitoring

A comprehensive set of proprietary DSP-based tools are provided for load verication and real-time perfor­mance monitoring. These functions utilize LoadLibrary, a comprehensive database for each loudspeaker
component of the connected load (usually one or more band-limited drivers in a multi-way system).

Using this data and a brief test signal, LoadSmart compares actual response to predicted response, identify­ing any malfunctioning components or connection errors. During the performance, SpeakerSafe

™

monitors
real-time load status, including temperatures of the PLM amplier stages as well as magnets and voice
coils of connected loudspeakers. This allows operators to avoid power compression and identify potential
problems.

Please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual for detailed information on PLM Series load verication
and real-time performance monitoring functionality.

2.2.3 Lake Processing and Controller

PLM Series devices integrate seamlessly into the Lake Processing environment and are accessible via the
Lake Controller software. Processing modules offer precise settings for gain, delay, crossover settings,
equalization and limiting. Lake processing features incorporated in each module include Raised Cosine
Equalization™, linear phase crossovers, and LimiterMax™ loudspeaker protection. The Super Module feature
allows hardware processing modules in two or more separate devices to function as a single module in the
Lake Controller software. Please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual for further information.

2.2.4 Analyzer Plug-In

Lake Controller software provides integration with third-party real-time analyzers, providing simultaneous
measurement display and EQ adjustment via the Lake Controller. Approved analyzers include Rational
Acoustics Smaart 7, SysTune from AMFG, and WaveCapture Live‐Capture Light or Live- Capture Pro; ad­ditional third-party analyzers may be approved in the future.

Please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual for further information regarding the Analyzer plug-in
and associated functionality.

Welcome

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

2.2.5 Dante™ Audio Network

PLM Series devices include Dante digital audio networking as standard. Utilizing the latest advances in
Ethernet technology, Dante offers simplied system conguration and extremely low latency while deliver­ing very high quality uncompressed digital audio across the Lake network. The Zen™ automatic conguration
feature enables plug-and-play setup without third-party DHCP or DNS servers. Dante is compatible with
high-bandwidth networks, allowing large numbers of audio channels to be distributed alongside control and
analyzer data.

2.3 Additional Documentation

This document, the PLM Operation Manual, serves as the primary reference source for detailed informa­tion on the installation and operation of PLM Series Powered Loudspeaker Management systems. It also
provides detailed information on set-up and conguration using the front-panel interface.

If you intend to use the device as part of a networked system, or access features via the Lake Controller,
please refer to the various supporting documents which can be located via these methods:

▸ Start > Programs > Lake Controller > Documentation (after installing Lake Controller software)

▸ On the included installer CD-ROM / USB key, or via the downloaded software installer

▸ Online at: http://labgruppen.com/products/documentation/

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

3. Installation

3.1 Unpacking

Carefully open the shipping carton and check for any damage to the device or the supplied accessories.
Every Lab.gruppen product is tested and inspected before leaving the factory and should arrive in perfect
condition. If any damage is discovered, please notify the shipping company immediately. Only the consignee
may initiate a claim with the carrier or their insurers for damage incurred during shipping. Save the carton
and packing materials for the carrier’s inspection.

In addition to the PLM Series device, the shipping carton include the following items:

▸ PLM Series Quick Start & Field Reference Guide

▸ AC mains lead (power cable) with Neutrik

®

powerCON® connector

▸ Rear brackets for additional rack support (pair) along with associated mounting hardware

▸ Software Installer and Documentation CD-ROM or USB key

Please keep the original carton and associated packaging to facilitate shipping of the device should the need
arise.

3.2 Mounting

Airow for cooling the device is from front panel (intake) to rear panel (exit). Please ensure that no object,
such as rack doors or lids are placed at the front or rear of the rack to ensure that airow is maximized. This
device has no top or bottom vents and therefore may be stacked directly on top of each other.

Sufcient space should be available at the front of the rack to accommodate the handles, and at the rear to
accommodate connectors and cables; allowance must be made for cable or loom bends within a rack.

3. 2.1 Rear Mounting

Two rear support brackets along with associated mounting hardware are included with the PLM, as shown
in Figure 3-1; it is recommended that these are used wherever possible. Fit the brackets to the vertical rails
at the rear of the rack. Figure 3-2 and Figure 3-3 show the tting options for xed and removable installation.

The support brackets are reversible and may be tted to point either to the front or rear of the rack; the
orientation used depends on the rack depth and position of the rear rack rails.

Two mounting methods are possible; note that the method shown in Figure 3-2 additionally provides extra
security against unauthorized removal. For situations where rapid removal and replacement is required, the
method shown in Figure 3-3 should be used.

Installation

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

Figure 3-1: Rear Support Bracket and Mounting Hardware

Figure 3-2: Use the Washer for Fixed Installations

Figure 3-3: Use Tube for Slide-On Installation

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Installation

PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

3.3 Cooling

3.3.1 Overview

The PLM Series devices use a forced-air cooling system with airow from front to rear, allowing high
continuous power levels without thermal problems. Front-to-rear airow is preferable as air at the front of
a rack is cooler than that at the rear in nearly all situations; never attempt to reverse the airow. The opera­tion of the PLM’s cooling system is dependent on front-to-rear airow; it will not function effectively with
external airow in the opposite direction.

Make sure an adequate air supply is provided in front of the PLM, and that the rear of the PLM has
sufcient space to allow air to escape. If the PLM is rack-mounted, never operate the unit with any front or
rear rack doors or covers in position. It is recommended to keep the ambient temperature around the PLM
as cool as possible. An increased temperature can have a signicant negative impact on the expected
lifetime on the components inside the PLM.

Fit solid blanks (not ventilation blanks) to unused
rack spaces to ensure effective air circulation.
Leaving gaps in between items of equipment
degrades the effectiveness of forced-air cooling.

If installing one or more PLM Series devices in a rack with other fan-cooled equipment, be sure that all
the other equipment also uses front-to-rear airow for cooling. If this precaution is not observed, there is a
risk of overheating, as units with the reverse airow will be drawing in air which has already been heated by
the PLMs.

3.3.2 Temperature Sensing and Protection

The PLM is equipped with a sophisticated temperature sensing system which protects it from any overheat­ing which may occur as a result of inadequate ventilation.

Always ensure the dust lters behind the detach­able front panel are clean to ensure maximum
possible airow.

3.4 Operating Voltage

The label adjacent to the mains (AC) input connector indicates the AC mains voltage for which the
device is wired and approved. The PLM 10000Q and PLM 14000 devices are available in separate 115 V and
230 V versions; the PLM 20000Q is only available with a universal power supply operating from 80 to 265 V.
Only connect the mains cable (AC cord) to an AC source of the voltage shown on the label.

Installation

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

The PLM uses primary switching, which means the mains power is rectied on the primary side of the
transformer. This makes the power supply insensitive to mains frequency variation, and it will operate
normally on line frequencies from 45 to 75 Hz.

If the mains plug (AC plug) tted to the mains cable (AC cord) is not appropriate for your country, it can be
removed and a locally-sourced one tted instead, observing the color coding in the table below:

powerCON Pin 230 V Version 115 V Version

L Brown Black

N Blue White

Green/Yellow Green

Table 3-1: AC Plug Conguration

If you are not 100% condent of your competence to replace the mains plug (AC plug), the task should
be carried out by qualied personnel.

Once a suitable AC power supply is connected, the device can be turned on using the front panel power
button. When the device is turned on, the power button LED changes from red (Standby) to green (Active).

In-rush current is controlled and limited during the
soft-start sequence. This enables multiple PLMs on
the same AC mains circuit to be turned on simulta­neously.

3.5 Grounding

Analog inputs feature Iso-Float™ ground isolation, a technology which combines the benets of transformer­coupled isolation with the advantages of clean, direct-coupled inputs.

The audio converters are galvanically isolated, and not connected to mains ground. High-speed transformers
and opto-isolators create a barrier between the device and the outside electrical environment.

The Iso-Float feature is activated by default, but may
be disabled via the Lake Controller software, or via
the front panel menu.

Use correctly-shielded balanced audio input connections to minimise hum and interference. Please refer to
section 8.2.4 for further information.

NEVER disconnect the earth (ground) pin on the mains cable (AC power cord).

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Product Overview

PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

4. Product Overview

This chapter provides an overview of key features and functionality. For further information please see
chapters 5 to 10 of this Operation Manual.

4.1 Front Panel Overview

Figure 4-1: Front Panel Overview

The front panel controls are clustered around a daylight readable LCD , allowing adjustment and monitor­ing of the majority parameters and meters. The two clusters of controls on either side of the LCD include
ve dedicated function buttons , eight dynamic function buttons with embedded LEDs
and a rotary data encoder .

Handles

Two sturdy cast aluminium handles are integrated into the front panel. The handles should be used when
carrying the device, and when tting into or removing from a rack. Ensure that any door or removable rack
front cover has sufcient depth to clear the handles.

Dust Filters

Two dust lters are tted behind metal covers. To remove the covers, loosen the thumbscrews located
behind the handles. Once detached, the dust lter elements can be removed for cleaning; please refer to
section 9.2 for further information.

NEVER operate this device without the dust lters
in place.

Product Overview

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

Display

The display illuminates when the device is on. The LCD, function buttons, and the rotary encoder provide
real-time control and monitoring of most parameters. The LEDs embedded in the function buttons indicate
available menu options, provide conrmation of Controller communication, and indicate various faults and
warnings.

The brightness and contrast of the display and front panel LEDs can be adjusted via the front panel menu.

Please refer to chapter 7 for further details.

Standby

PLM Series devices are powered on and to standby using the top-left button, or via the Lake Controller.

Mute Enable

Select MUTE ENABLE to allow the dynamic function buttons to operate as mute controls for the Module
inputs and power output channels. The MUTE ENABLE button ashes when the mode is selected; a
subsequent press deselects this mode. If left activated, MUTE ENABLE mode will automatically disable two
minutes after the last mute action.

Meter

The METER button scrolls through various meter views including the default Home View, Module View,
Temperature View and Input View. Pressing METER from Menu Mode returns the screen to Meter Mode
with the Home View displayed. Please refer to section 7.5 for further details.

Menu

After pressing the MENU button, the LCD will display the top level menu. In Menu Mode the dynamic
function buttons enable access to various information and functionality. Please refer to section 7.6 for further
details.

Dynamic Function Buttons with LEDs (Left of LCD)

The function of these buttons change according to the currently selected view or menu.

▸ In Menu Mode they are used for menu navigation and for parameter selection

▸ In Meter Mode they provide Module input mute/unmute functionality in conjunction MUTE ENABLE

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Product Overview

PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

The LED in the top button provides Frame fault and warning indications. The middle two buttons provide
Module input mute functionality, mute indication and faults and warning indications relating to the PLM
inputs. The bottom button is used only in Menu Mode or to lock the front panel buttons.

Please refer to chapter 7 for further details.

Dynamic Function Buttons with LEDs (Right of LCD)

The function of these buttons change according to the currently selected view or menu.

▸ In Menu Mode they are used for menu navigation and for parameter selection

▸ In Meter Mode they provide PLM output mute/unmute functionality in conjunction MUTE ENABLE

All LEDs provides mute, clip, fault and warning indications for the PLM power outputs channels.

Please refer to chapter 7 for further details.

Communication LED

The high-intensity white LED illuminates white to indicate that the Module/Frame is selected in the
Lake Controller; it ashes white to indicate communication with the Lake Controller.

The brightness of the LCD and communications LED can be adjusted in the Frame page of the Main Menu
on the front panel.

Rotary Encoder

The rotary encoder is used to modify various parameters (e.g. input level) via the menu. When a menu item
is selected that permits adjustment of parameter values, the ring around the rotary encoder illuminates. In
Home View the encoder can be used to scroll through the Meter Views.

Exit

The EXIT button is used primarily while navigating the menu system in Menu Mode; pressing EXIT will
return the menu up one level. In Meter Mode, pressing EXIT returns the metering display to the default
Home View.

Product Overview

11

PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

4.2 Back Panel Overview

Figure 4-2: Back Panel Layout Options for a 4-channel PLM

Figure 4-3: Back Panel Layout Options for a 2-channel PLM

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

4. 2.1 Input and Link Connectors

Analog Inputs

Analog inputs are available on two standard XLR3F latching connectors. The inputs are electronically
balanced and feature Lake Iso-Float circuitry. The impedance is 20 kohms, and the inputs can accept a
maximum input level of +26 dBu.

Analog Links

Two latching XLR3M connectors are tted adjacent to the analog input connectors. These are paralleled to
the input connectors to provide an unprocessed analog loop-through to feed additional PLM Series units, or
other equipment.

AES3 Inputs

A latching XLR3F connector is provided which accepts an AES3 digital audio signal. Input impedance is 110
ohms, please ensure that 110 ohm digital audio cables are used; standard XLR microphone cables are rarely
suitable for reliable digital audio transmission.

AES3 is a stereo digital format, and therefore both
PLM inputs are fed via a single connector. Selection
of the analog or digital inputs is made via the front
panel display or control software.

AES3 Link

A latching XLR3M connector is tted adjacent to the AES3 input connector. This is paralleled to the input
connector to provide an unprocessed AES3 loop-thru to feed further PLMs, or other equipment. An AES3
110 ohm termination load is enabled by default when the PLM is the last unit connected within an AES3
daisy-chained system. The termination may be disabled, if desired, via the front panel menu and within the
Lake Controller software.

4.2.2 Output Connectors

The PLM is available with a choice of connectors for power outputs: binding posts or Neutrik speakON®.
Both connection methods allow for Bridge Mode operation, which is activated from the Lake Controller
software. Please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual and section 8.1.1 of this Operation Manual
for further information on Bridge Mode.

Product Overview

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

Binding Posts

In this version, the power outputs for loudspeaker connection are available on four separate pairs of fully
enclosed binding posts. Bridge Mode can be enabled via the Lake Controller software, please refer to the
Lake Controller Operation Manual for further information.

Channel conguration for the binding posts is dependent on the PLM model, please refer to section 8.1.3 of
this Operation Manual for standard and Bridge Mode wiring.

speakON Connectors

The speakON connector conguration differs on 2-channel and 4-channel PLM models.

On 4-channel models, the power outputs are simultaneously available on a single 8-pole speakON connec­tor, and on two 4-pole speakON connectors. The two 4-pole connectors carry the outputs of channels 1 & 2
and 3 & 4 respectively.

On 2-channel PLM models the two power output channels are available simultaneously on two 4-pole
speakON connectors. Both connectors carry both channels. The second connector offers the channels in
reverse order.

Bridge Mode can be enabled via the Lake Controller software, please refer to the Lake Controller Opera­tion Manual and to the PLM Operation Manual for further details on standard and Bridge Mode wiring for
speakON connectors.

4.2.3 Ethernet and Power Connectors

Primary Network Connector

The primary Neutrik RJ45 etherCON

®

connection provides integration into an Ethernet control network
which may include other Lake Processors and the Lake Controller software. Network connection permits full
control of all functions along with real-time metering from a remote position. This device supports the Dante
audio networking protocol, which allows transmission of multichannel, high-denition digital audio over the
same Ethernet connection.

Use the primary connector when using a star network topology, consisting of individual Cat-5e connections
between the devices and an Ethernet switch. Alternatively this connection can be used to daisy chain
directly to another Lake Processor. The daisy chain topology should not be used with Dante.

For a technical reference of the Ethernet Port, please refer to section 8.4 . Additional information is also
available in the Lake Network Conguration Guide.

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The Ethernet ports operate at the Ethernet data rate of 100 Mbps, and
allow straight or crossed network cables. Two LEDs above each port
indicate valid network connection (LINK) and network activity (ACT).

Secondary Connector

The secondary network connector can be used to daisy-chain multiple LM & PLM Series devices. Alterna­tively, a Dante dual-network topology can be created by connecting all secondary network connectors to a
separate Ethernet switch, ensuring full redundancy in the event of a network component failure.

Additional processor conguration is required for a
dual redundant network setup. See the Lake
Controller Operation Manual for further details.

For a technical reference of the Ethernet Port, please refer to section 8.4 . Additional information is also
available in the Lake Network Conguration Guide.

When connecting multiple devices to an Ethernet
network, care must be taken NOT to create a closed
loop which causes network malfunction.

Mains Power Connector

The mains power AC input is via a Neutrik powerCON connector, rated at 32 A.

The power supply must be connected to AC mains using a power cable with a correctly wired plug for the
country of operation.

Operation and Performance

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

5. Operation and Performance

This chapter provides comprehensive information on PLM Series connection, setup, operation and perfor­mance. The detailed information included here is essential to realizing the full functionality of the PLM Series
devices.

5.1 Operation Precautions

Make sure that the Standby button on the PLM’s front panel is either unlit (OFF), or red (STANDBY), before
making any input or output connections.

Ensure the AC voltage matches that printed on the label adjacent to the AC mains connector.

Ensure no input signal is present when powering on the PLM to reduce the risk of any inadvertent bursts of
high level audio.

5.2 Power Output Performance

The PLM uses Lab.gruppen’s patented Class TD technology (Tracking Class D) in the output stages, which
couples the efciency of Class D topologies to the sonic purity of Class A designs.

The primary benet is that Lab.gruppen’s Class TD works perfectly under all load conditions. The output
maintains its at frequency response even into complex loads with very low nominal impedances. Reliability
is very high, and there is no interference with nearby RF equipment. Superior efciency allows greater
power density while minimizing cooling requirements, yet sound quality matches that of the best Class A
designs.

5. 2.1 Symmetrical Power

The PLM models can deliver power as shown in Table 5-1 when all channels are driven equally.

Load Impedance (ohms) 2.0 2.7 4 8 16

PLM 10000Q

Max. Output power (Watts)

2350 2700 2300 1300 660

PLM 14000

Max. Output power (Watts)

7000 6000 4300 2300 1150

PLM 20000Q

Max. Output power (Watts)

4800 5000 4440 2300 115 0

Table 5-1: Symmetrical Load Power Ratings

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

5.2.2 Asymmetrical Power

The PLM models can deliver power as shown in Table 5-2 when every other channel is driven 3 dB lower
than the other. This can occur when the load on the individual power output channels within the amplier
contain different frequency ranges.

Load Impedance (ohms) 2.0 2.7 4 8 16

PLM 10000Q

Max. Output power (Watts)

2350 2900 2400 1300 660

PLM 14000

Max. Output power (Watts)

7500 6300 4400 2300 115 0

PLM 20000Q

Max. Output power (Watts)

5000 5550 4500 2300 1150

Table 5-2: Asymmetrical Load Power Ratings

5.2.3 Power Over Time

Power ratings given above are applicable for PLMs running at these levels for a period of 60 minutes. Due
to thermal considerations in the power supply and elsewhere, it is possible to draw higher power levels for
a shorter period of time. The graph below illustrates, for the example PLM 10000Q, how the rated power
gures are derived and the higher short-term capability.

Peak output voltage at “max power burst”

Figure 5-1: Power Rating Levels Over Time (PLM 10000Q)

Power ratings are based on a duty cycle of 25 ms full power every 400 ms. Between bursts, a lower signal
level applies, such that the continuous average power is 1/8th of the rated power.

Operation and Performance

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

In reality, when some channels are delivering less than maximum rated power, energy reserves in the PSU
are available to permit other channels to deliver more power. The graph shows the peak output voltage over
time for a continuous sine wave is applied.

If all four channels are driven with the same signal into the same impedance (solid red line), then the rail
voltage (dotted red line) will drop faster than when two channels are delivering maximum power (solid blue
line) and two channels are delivering half-power (solid orange line). This is termed asymmetric loading; the
rail voltage for this is indicated by the dotted blue line.

It can be seen that higher power output is available for 25 ms bursts with asymmetric loading.

5.3 Amplier and Load Protection Systems

The PLM is equipped with a comprehensive set of protection circuits. If operating conditions become suf­ciently extreme that any of these circuits become active, indication is provided by LEDs in one or more soft
function buttons 5-8, together with adjacent warning text. In addition to this, notication is also presented
within the Lake Controller software and within system log les.

5. 3 .1 Inter-Sample Voltage Peak Limiter (ISVPL)

The ISVPL is a high quality voltage limiter that can deliver seamless limitation to any desired level. Its
ensures that the voltage at the output terminals never exceeds the dened threshold.

It operates on these principles:

▸ The signal is delayed slightly to allow the ISVPL to look-ahead and reduce the gain before voltage in

excess of the threshold can appear at the output. This results in zero voltage overshoot at the output
with a rounded limitation up to the threshold.

▸ The amplitude of the output signal between digital samples is predicted which permits the ISVPL to

respond to analog peaks that may occur at the digital to analog converter.

▸ The release time of gain reduction is adaptive depending on the dynamics of the signal.

It is possible to select different ISVPL proles for limiting optimization for a specic frequency band and
personal preference. The proles are divided into two categories, with one category optimized for low distor­tion and the other focusing on producing high sound pressure level (SPL). Within each category there are
proles optimized for the different frequency bands.

5.3.1.1 Low Distortion Proles

▸ Universal – The universal prole is a soft limiter that can be used for all frequencies and is conservative

in its action upon VCL and CPL.

▸ Sub/LF – The Sub/LF prole is tuned for frequency bands below 600Hz. It has longer attack and release

times and is less conservative when it comes to acting upon VCL and CPL.

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5.3.1. 2 High SPL Proles

High SPL proles do not use the adaptive release time feature. High SPL proles optimized for high frequen­cies use less of the look-ahead delay peak-rounding feature; this feature is used most in the Sub prole and
least the HF prole.

▸ Sub - The Sub prole is optimized for frequencies between 20 - 200 Hz

▸ LF - The LF prole is optimized for frequencies between 20 - 120 0 Hz

▸ MF - The MF prole is optimized for frequencies between 300 - 6000 Hz

▸ HF - The HF prole is optimized for frequencies above 1 kHz

Table 5-3 shows the theoretical maximum output power for a given load impedance and ISVPL setting.

An ISVPL-to-load calculator that will assist in generating the
appropriate ISVPL setting for a desired power load is available
at www.labgruppen.com/plm

MAX. SINEWAVE BURST POWER (Watts)

Load Impedance (ohms)

2 2.67 4 8 16

ISVPL SETTING (V

peak)

194 9409 7048 4705 2352 1176

193 9312 6984 4656 2328 116 4

181 8190 6143 4095 2048 1024

167 6972 5229 3486 1743 872

153 5852 4389 2926 1463 732

121 3660 2745 1830 915 458

101 2550 1913 1275 638 319

83 1722 1292 861 431 215

70 1225 919 613 306 153

56 784 588 392 196 98

47 552 414 276 138 69

38 361 271 181 90 45

17. 8 79 59 40 20 10

Table 5-3: ISVPL-to-output examples

These ratings shown in Table 5-3 are limited by the
CPL (Current Peak Limiter) functions, not by ISVPL
settings, due to power output channel current
capacity.

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

The ISVPL threshold may be set at any level between 17.8 V and 600 V via the PLM’s menu system. For
further details, please refer to section 7.11.2.5 of this manual, and also to the PLM Series chapter in the
Lake Controller User Manual.

PLM devices that have a smaller peak output voltage can still set the ISVPL threshold up to 600 V. When
a threshold is set above the maximum capability of a power output channel, the maximum ISVPL for that
product will be automatically set. Therefore, the ISVPL threshold can be in at the Module for the speaker’s
maximum capability, and the Module le remains cross-compatible with all PLM Series devices.

5.3.2 Current Peak Limiter (CPL)

The output Current Peak Limiter (CPL) ensures that the power output section will not be damaged by forcing
it to deliver current levels at the outputs that exceed the maximum current ratings of the output transistors.
The CPL keeps the output transistors within their Safe Operating Area (SOA). The CPL is non-adjustable.

CPL activity is indicated on the power output channel LED (embedded in the associated output channel’s
function button to the right of the LCD). Activity on an affected channel results in a ashing red indication
together with a CURRENT CLIP warning message displayed on the screen adjacent to the LED. A warning is
also displayed on the controlling PC via the network.

This condition indicates an attempt to draw excessive current at the output. The output is attenuated until
the output current falls below the maximum current rating. Limiting is performed by the ISVPL limiter in
conjunction with the selected ISVPL prole. Please refer to the Technical Specications in chapter 11 for
further details regarding ratings.

If excessive current is indicated, check the output cables and examine the
loudspeaker. If impedance appears normal, you may rectify the condition by
altering the ISVPL settings or lowering input levels. CPL indication can be
triggered by excessively low output impedance, possibly the result of too many
loudspeaker cabinets connected in parallel.

5.3.3 Power Average Limiter (PAL)

5.3.3.1 PLM 10000Q and PLM 14000

The Power Average Limiter (PAL) controls the AC current into the power supply. Power consumption is
limited to the rated design parameters of the power supply, ensuring that the PSU will never be overloaded.
Also, high-power products such as those in the PLM Series can potentially draw more current (with output
devices still within safe operating areas) than is allowed by the external mains breaker.

The PAL protection feature can help prevent the supply’s external breaker from tripping within time intervals
of less than three minutes. For longer time intervals, it is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the
average level of the audio is within limits that ensure that the breaker doesn’t trip.

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PAL activity is indicated by the LED within the rst soft button adjacent to the display ashing red,
together with a PAL ACTIVE warning message displayed on the screen. A warning is also displayed on the
Lake Controller software.

5.3.3.2 PLM 20000Q

The Power Average Limiter Active warning (PAL Active) will be displayed when the power supply’s maxi­mum rated design parameters are reached. When this warning is displayed, gain limiting is being applied to
the signal and the ISVPL threshold is lowered accordingly.

5.3.4 Breaker Emulation Limiter (BEL™)

The Breaker Emulation Limiter feature is present only in the PLM 20000Q. The PLM 20000Q is a power­ful device that can draw a considerable amount of current from the mains supply. The BEL models the
temperature in the external breaker and limits the mains current to prevent it from tripping. The BEL can be
congured with both a breaker prole and a current value. The current value can be set from 5 to 32 Arms.

There are three different proles available for selection:

▸ Conservative - The conservative prole allows no momentary current above the congured threshold.

▸ Fast - The fast prole models the time constant of the trip-curve corresponding to a fast breaker. It

momentarily allows current above the threshold to pass for a short time, leading to an increased mod­eled temperature. For the limiter to disengage, the current must reduce below the threshold to enable
the breaker to cool down.

▸ Universal - The universal prole models the time constant of the tripp-curve corresponding to a slow

breaker. It momentarily allows current above the threshold for a longer time, leading to an increased
modeled temperature. For the limiter to disengage the current has to reduce below the congured
current for the breaker to cool down.

The BEL can be congured via the PLM front panel and via the Lake Controller.

5.3.5 Under Voltage Limiter (UVL™)

The PLM 20000Q is equipped with an under voltage limiter. With mulitple powerful devices on a mains
distribution line, heavy current loads risk the reduction of voltage below that required for devices to function.
The PLM 20000Q’s UVL reduces the mains current draw when voltage drop below 80 V. The amount of
reduction applied increases as mains voltage drops towards 65 V, then at 65 V the power supply is shut
down. The mains supply is continually monitored and when sufcient voltage returns the power supply
automatically restarts.

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5.3.6 Current Average Limiter (CAL™)

The Current Average Limiter (CAL) monitors the RMS current drawn from each power output channel
to ensure that the power output stages are not overloaded. When activated, it regulates the current to a
safe level to protect the channel. The CAL should not be activated in normal usage, but if it is, its opera­tion is indicated by an active LED and the message CAL ACTIVE. Further indication is given within the
Lake Controller software.

5.3.7 Voltage Clip Limiter (VCL)

If current draw from the PLM’s power supply is too high, the PSU’s regulation capability may be exceeded
and the internal voltage rails may drop and cause clipping. If this occurs the VCL acts rapidly to prevent clip­ping on the subsequent peaks. Limiting is performed by the ISVPL limiter in conjunction with the selected
ISVPL prole. Indication of this condition is shown on the output LEDs.

5.3.8 Temperature Protection

5.3. 8 .1 Overview

PLM Series devices are equipped with a sophisticated temperature sensing system that provides protection
from overheating which may occur as a result of inadequate ventilation or excessive power output.

Thermal measurements are made at several points within each power output channel along with measure­ments in the power supply and DSP areas. If temperature in any area reaches a critical level then a warning
is displayed and gain reduction is applied. If the temperature continues to increase and reaches a dangerous
level then a fault is displayed and audio is muted. Each power output channel, the power supply and DSP
area have separate indications.

For all temperature faults, temperature monitoring will continue at 0.5 second intervals, with the output
remaining muted. When the area has cooled below the dangerous threshold, the fault condition is cleared
and audio is restored.

5.3.8.2 Power Output Channels

A power output channel temperature warning or fault is indicated in one of the front panels LEDs (in the
right-hand soft function buttons).

▸ A warning is indicated by a static yellow LED and adjacent warning message: TEMP WARN:CH

▸ A fault is indicated with a static red LED and adjacent warning message: TEMP FLT:CH

An event report is sent to the Lake Controller software for both the warning and the fault. If a temperature
fault condition arises on a power channel, the output of that channel will be muted.

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5.3.8.3 Power Supply / DSP

A power supply (PSU) or DSP temperature warning or fault is indicated by the LED in the top-left function
button.

▸ A warning is indicated by a static yellow LED and adjacent warning message: TEMP WARN:PSU

(or TEMP WARN:DSP)

▸ A fault is indicated with a static red LED and adjacent warning message: TEMP FLT:PSU

(or TEMP FLT:DSP)

An event report is sent to the Lake Controller software for both the warning and the fault. If a temperature
fault condition arises in the power supply the output of all channels will be muted. If a temperature fault
condition arises in DSP area, audio will not be muted but continued operation is not recommended.

5.3.8.4 PLM 20000Q

For the PLM 20000Q a temperature dependant limiting feature is also present. At temperatures above the
critical warning level and below the dangerous fault level, the ISVPL threshold is slowly reduced to decrease
the output power and cool down the device. This enables the device to continue to pass audio, although
with a reduced amplitude, in extreme conditions. If reducing the ISVPL threshold does not cool down the
device a temp fault will still be issued when the dangerous temperature level is reached.

5.3.9 DC Protection

DC protection is implemented on each power output to prevent damage to connected loudspeakers or any
PLM components. DC present at the output will cause the PLM’s power output module breaker to blow. In
this instance a red LED will illuminate and NEEDS SERVICE will display on the LCD.

The power output channel modules are independent of
the input voltage. Both 115 and 230 V models have amp
channel fuses. This is not a user-servicable fault
condition and the unit should be returned for repair.

5. 3 .10 VHF Protection

The PLM includes protection circuits that detect Very High Frequency (VHF) content in the input signal. The
detection is frequency-dependent, initiated from 10 kHz upwards. If VHF signals are detected above the
threshold, the output will mute for approximately 6 seconds before a further measurement is taken. When
continuous VHF signal stops, the output unmutes and the amplier returns to normal operation.

This protection system recognizes that continuous VHF signals at high levels do not appear in speech or
music. Any such content can therefore be considered as a fault condition. VHF protection is essential to
avoid damage to HF drivers.

Operation and Performance

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

VHF protection is dependent on a combination of output power level and frequency. Figure 5-2 shows a
decreasing power threshold, from approximately 10 kHz upwards, which illustrates increasing sensitivity of
the protection system with frequency. When continuous output power above the threshold line is detected,
VHF protection becomes active.

Figure 5-2: VHF Protection Frequency Sensitivity

The attack time of the VHF protection circuitry also changes with frequency, becoming shorter at higher
frequencies. This is shown in Figure 5-3.

Figure 5-3: VHF Protection Attack Time Variations

The VHF protection circuit is NOT a limiter and does not alter the PLM’s frequency response. It is imple­mented solely to detect continuous VHF content. HF content of normal music or speech signals at peak
levels will be passed in full.

Operation of the VHF protection circuits is indicated by one (or more) of the output channel LEDs (in the
right-hand soft function buttons) showing steady red. The adjacent fault message will show VHF FAULT. It is
also reported as a fault via the control network.

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Operation and Performance

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5. 3 .11 Short Circuit Protection

A low impedance or short circuit at the power output terminals is detected when the output current is high
(Current Peak Limiter is active) and, simultaneously, the peak output voltage is below a predetermined
threshold (42 V with the PLM 10000Q, for example). When this situation occurs, the output stage is muted
to protect it from damage. Operation of the short circuit protection system is indicated by an output channel
LED (in the right-hand soft function buttons) showing steady red. The adjacent fault message will show
SHORT CIRCUIT. It is also reported as a fault via the control network to the Lake Controller software. The
presence of a short circuit (or low impedance) is re-tested every six seconds, and the output remains muted
until the fault clears.

5.4 Power Supply

The R.SMPS (Regulated Switch Mode Power Supply) is designed to keep supply voltage rails at optimum
levels even when the mains voltage drops. Mains voltages can drop as much as 20% below nominal before
there is any effect on rail voltages. Thus the R.SMPS can deliver full rail voltage to the output stage at all
times, allowing the PLM to exhibit consistent transient response and a clean LF response.

The PLM 20000Q is also equipped with a universal power supply with power factor correction (PFC). The
device can take any mains voltage, from 65 V to 265 V, allowing it to function worldwide in many different
congurations. The PFC reduces current peaks on the lines and reduces the requirements placed on the
mains distribution system. The PLM 20000Q has an unparalleled power factor extremely close to one.

5.4 .1 Low Inrush Current

High power ampliers with inadequate inrush current limiting can draw considerable current from the mains
at turn-on, sometimes tripping a fast-acting mains breaker. The PLM, however, has very low inrush current
(the capacitors charge slowly and in a controlled manner) to prevent tripping of breakers.

Several PLMs can, under normal conditions, be powered up simultaneously. If you do experience problems
powering up multiple PLMs simultaneously, they must either be turned on manually in an ordered manner,
or sequenced remotely using the Lake Controller software’s Global Control feature. Alternatively, the capac­ity of the mains supply should be increased.

If insufcient power is available to allow simultane­ous power-up, then there is probably insufcient
capacity for full power output during operation. It is
recommended that additional capacity is added to
the mains power distribution system.

Signal Flow and Lake® Processing

25

PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

6. Signal Flow and Lake® Processing

6.1 Signal Flow

The gures below depict the audio signal ow for a PLM Series device. It is worth noting that this sophis­ticated device provides seven points in the signal chain where the signal level can be adjusted, muted or
disconnected. The blue sections represent Frame data, and the red sections represent Module data - please
refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual for further information.

Important information regarding correct setting of the gain structure can be found in section 10.3.

Figure 6-1: Signal Flow Diagram (PLM Series Part 1)

6.2 Level Adjustments & Mute Points

The numbers below correspond the points identied in Figure 6-1 and Figure 6-2.

Input Router Stage - Input selection and MUTE

Input Mixer Stage - Router ON/OFF connection to mixer and gain settings

Module Input Stage - Mute (N/A for LM Series Mesa Mode) and gain settings

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

Module Output Stage - Mute and gain settings

Output Router Stage - Output ON/OFF routing connections

Attenuation Stage - Power output channel mute and attenuation settings

Amp Gain Stage - Amplier gain control

If the required audio signal is not passing correctly,
verify the connection, mute and gain settings at all
seven stages.

6. 2.1 Power Output Section: Limiting and Sensitivity

The Current Peak Limiter (CPL) dynamically limits the drive to the power stage based on three parameters:
sensed output current level, feedback from the output stage, and sensed voltage clip from the ISVPL. This
ensures that power output is maintained within the design limits of the PLM.

The adjustable Inter-Sample Voltage Peak Limiter (ISVPL) sets the PLM’s maximum output voltage and
therefore also the maximum output power. The ISVPL setting is made via MENU > MODULE > LIMITERS
> ISVPL, and can also be set from the Lake Controller software.

Figure 6-2: Signal Flow Diagram (4-channel PLM Part 2)

Signal Flow and Lake® Processing

27

PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

The sophisticated output section monitors faults and generates warnings when appropriate; warnings are
displayed on the front panel of the PLM and also sent as messages over the control network. In the rare
event that maximum ratings are signicantly exceeded, the PLM will mute until the condition has been
rectied or the incorrect setting has been readjusted. Sensing circuits also transmit local output power
stage temperature, processor card temperature, and PSU temperature to the appropriate protection circuits.
Please refer to section 5.3 on page 17 further details.

Table 6-1 lists PLM Series analog input sensitivity in dBu and Vrms for various Amp Gain settings and
maximum/minimum ISVPL settings, assuming an analog input headroom of 26 dBu.

INPUT SENSITIVITY

ISVPL SETTING 194 V 193 V 153 V 17. 8 V

GAIN (dB) dBu Vrms dBu Vrms dBu Vrms dBu Vrms

+44

+1. 0 0.87 +0.9 0.86 -1.1 0.68 -19.8 0,08

+41

+4.0 1. 22 +3.9 1.22 +1.9 0.96 -16.8 0.11

+38

+7.0 1.7 3 +6.9 1.72 +4.9 1. 36 -13.8 0 .16

+35

+10 . 0 2.44 +9.9 2.43 +7.9 1.92 -10.8 0.22

+32

+13 . 0 3.45 +12 . 9 3.43 +1 0 . 9 2.71 -7. 8 0.32

+29

+16 . 0 4.87 +15 . 9 4.84 +1 3 . 9 3.84 -4.8 0.45

+26

+19.0 6.88 +18.9 6.84 +16 . 9 5.42 -1.8 0.63

+22

+23.0 10. 90 +22.9 10.8 4 +20.9 8.59 +2.2 1.0 0

Table 6-1: Analog Input Sensitivity in dBu and Vrms

6.3 Lake Processing and Control

As outlined in section 2.2.3, this device integrates seamlessly into the Lake Processing environment,
providing all features, functionality and connectivity associated with all Lake Processors. The internal Lake
Processing includes programmable crossovers, EQ, dynamics and other functions, and can be fully con­trolled via the supplied Lake Controller software. Additionally, many functions can be controlled or accessed
directly via the front panel.

The Lake Controller Operation Manual and Lake Network Conguration Guide are supplied on the accom­panying CD-ROM or USB key and additional documentation is available from the Start Menu after software
installation.

Visit http://labgruppen.com to download the latest software, rmware and documentation for your devices.

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6.4 Modules and Frames

6.4 .1 Overview

A Frame represents one physical Lake Processor (e.g. PLM 10000Q). A maximum of two Modules are
contained within each Frame; these are referred to as Module A and Module B. The number of Modules
shown in a given Frame is dependent upon the signal processing conguration of that Frame.

Each Module can be congured as a Classic Crossover (Bessel, Butterworth, Linkwitz-Riley), as a Linear
Phase Crossover, or as multiple full bandwidth Auxiliary Outputs. The default conguration for the PLM is
2 x 2-Auxiliary Output Modules, providing a total of four Module outputs.

Please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual for further information.

6.4.2 LoadLibrary™ and Fingerprints

In addition to the standard loudspeaker presets (Module les), the Lake Controller also includes a set of
enhanced Module les specically for use with the PLM Series.

These supplementary PLM Module les, known as the LoadLibrary incorporate both Lake DSP parameters
along with PLM specic data; LoadLibrary Module les include parameter settings for the PLM’s Amplier
Gain and ISVPL limiter. Additionally, LoadLibrary loudspeaker types may also include data relating to the
electrical characteristics of a particular loudspeaker.

Electrical characteristic data is used to enable load verication (LoadSmart) and monitoring facilities
(SpeakerSafe) to be performed on the PLM. This data set is termed a Fingerprint. When a PLM-specic
loudspeaker type is loaded, its Fingerprint load characteristics are included. These load characteristics are
stored in a le with a “.mdl” sufx and are loaded simultaneously with the module le.

6.4.3 Super Modules

Super Modules allow control of multiple Modules of the same type, distributed across multiple Frames, as
a single entity within the Lake Controller software. A change made in the Super Module is replicated across
all assigned Modules, resulting in improved efciency in system conguration and a reduction of on-screen
icons within the Lake Controller software.

The key benet of this feature is the ability to connect and control crossovers, levels and EQ across multiple
hardware devices simultaneously from the Lake Controller. For example, one device may be driving sub and
low-frequency speakers, while another device controls mid-range and hi-frequency drivers. Using a single
adjustment the crossover points between the two devices can be changed simultaneously.

Please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual for further information regarding Super Modules.

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6.5 Loudspeaker Processor Overview

The Lake Processing system within PLM Series devices may be congured with up to two processing
Modules containing a total of up to six processing Module outputs, although the number of power outputs
will be either two or four depending on the PLM model being used. To make use of the extra processing
channels, multiple hardware devices may be connected together using the Super Module feature as sum­marized in section 6.4.3.

Each set of processing elements is referred to as a Module and can be congured as crossovers, full­bandwidth auxiliary outputs, or a combination of the two. The relationship between inputs and outputs is
dened via the Lake Controller or via the front panel Input Cong Menu.

The Lake Processing system provides two distinct categories of crossovers:

▸ Innite Impulse Response lters (IIR) such as the classic Bessel, Butterworth or Linkwitz-Riley types;

these are available with slopes ranging from 6 dB/octave to 48 dB/octave.

▸ Finite Impulse Response lters (FIR) providing zero phase shift with steep transition slopes at the

crossover frequencies. These are also referred to as Linear Phase Crossovers.

Further details on crossovers and module types is available in the Lake Controller Operation Manual.

6.6 Files and Presets

The Lake system provides various methods for storing and recalling Module, Frame, or system-wide data.
An overview is provided below; for further information please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual.

6.6.1 Module, System and Sub-System Conguration Files

Module, System and Sub-System Conguration les are stored on the Lake Controller PC, and data is
passed across the network when recalling or storing these type of les.

▸ A Module le is the smallest set of data that can be stored and recalled; it contains crossover, gain,

delay, and limiter information for an individual loudspeaker (i.e. the data shown in red in the signal ow
diagrams in section 6.1). A Module le may be recalled into other Lake devices. It is not possible to
store a Module File directly on the hardware device.

▸ A System or Sub-System Conguration File contains a set of Module le information in addition to

Frame related information such Group data and I/O conguration (i.e. the data shown in blue in the
signal ow diagrams in section 6.1).

6.6.2 Frame and System Presets

The entire processor conguration can be stored as a Frame Preset on this hardware device. Presets can
be recalled via the front panel (refer to section 7.11.7) or via the Lake Controller software or Preset Manager
utility; presets can be stored using the Lake Controller software or Preset Manager utility.

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A maximum of 100 Frame Presets can be stored on this device. The data within a Frame Preset includes the
congurations of all Modules in the Frame, including levels, crossover, EQ, input mixer, routing, and all other
parameters. As Frame Presets are stored in the hardware device, recall is available without using a PC.

Using the System Presets function in the Lake Controller, entire system congurations can be stored and
recalled across a network of LM & PLM Series devices. This enables fast retrieval and switching of entire
system congurations as minimal data is being sent between the Controller and Processors.

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

7. Front Panel Interface

An overview of the front panel interface is provided in section 4.1. This chapter describes each cluster of
controls as shown in Figure 7-1.

Figure 7-1: Front Panel Interface

7.1 Overview

The front panel interface is framed by two sturdy cast aluminium handles and metal grill protecting the air
intake and dust lters . The majority of PLM functions can be controlled and/or monitored via the front­panel LCD display screen , power button , function buttons and rotary encoder .

7.1.1 Operating Modes

The front panel has two basic modes: Meter Mode and Menu Mode.

▸ Meter Mode provides the following views: Home View (default), Module View, Temperature View and

Input View. To navigate through these views, press the METER button. Please refer to section 7.10 for
further information on Meter Mode.

▸ Menu Mode provides various menus for viewing and editing parameters and is selected by pressing the

MENU button. Select the required submenu by pressing the associated button. Please refer to section

7.11 for further information on Menu Mode.

7.1.2 Warning, Fault and Mute Indications

Fault or warning conditions are indicated via the LEDs embedded in the dynamic function buttons; a simul­taneous description is shown adjacent to the button, on the LCD. The LEDs to the left of the LCD indicate
problems with the PLM or its inputs, while those to the right indicate problems with the power output
channels.

Please note that the same LEDs also indicate the mute status of inputs (left) and outputs (right). Further
information on faults and warnings is provided in section 7.8.5 and section 9.1.

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7.1.3 Selecting a Module in the Lake Controller software via the

It is sometimes useful to identify which Module icon/s in the Lake Controller software are associated with a
particular hardware Frame. To highlight the module in the Lake Controller software:

1. Ensure Meter Mode is selected

2. Press the button adjacent to the Module description on the LCD

If the Frame is online, but the Module is not in the work area, the selected Module will be centred on the
Module scroll bar (assuming the Modules Menu is selected in the Lake Controller).

7.2 Front Panel Key Lock

It is possible to lock the front panel buttons for security purposes. When this function is active, all front
panel controls are disabled and all adjustment must be made via the network. To lock controls, press and
hold button then simultaneously press button as shown in Figure 7-2; repeat this process to unlock.

Figure 7-2: Locking / Unlocking Front Panel Controls

A key icon will appear at the top of the display when
the Front Panel is locked.

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7.3 Power Button

The unit is powered on by pressing the top-left button on the front panel, labelled in Figure 7-1. It has a
bi-color power symbol which illuminates red when connected to the AC mains and the unit is in standby
mode. It turns green when the button is pressed to turn the processor on. A subsequent press of this
button returns the unit to standby mode.

7.4 Mute Enable Button

The dynamic function buttons to the immediate left and right of the LCD are used as MUTE buttons only
when the MUTE ENABLE button is activated (ashing).

When MUTE ENABLE is activated, the two central buttons on the left act as Module mute controls, and the
four buttons on the right enable muting/unmuting of the power output channels.

In Meter Mode > Home View with MUTE ENABLE activated, text on the LCD adjacent to each button
indicates when a Module input or power output has been muted. Meter Mode must be selected for
MUTE ENABLE to be activated; MUTE ENABLE is not available in Menu Mode.

To exit MUTE ENABLE mode, press the ashing MUTE ENABLE button. If no mute activity occurs for two
minutes, MUTE ENABLE mode will automatically be disabled.

7.5 Meter Button

The front panel display has two main operating modes, Meter Mode (default) and Menu Mode. In normal
operation, the display will be in Meter Mode.

The following views are available in Meter Mode: Home View (default), Module View, Temperature View
and Input View. Pressing the METER button

scrolls through these views. Pressing the METER button
when in Menu Mode will return the system to Meter Mode, with the Home View displayed. Please refer to
section for further information.

7.6 Menu Button

Menu Mode is selected by pressing the MENU button . The screen displays the top level menu with
various submenu options. Press the button adjacent to the required submenu to select it.

Pressing the MENU button while in Menu Mode will display the previous menu level.

Menu Mode is used for processor conguration, or for editing a parameter. Please refer to section 7.11 for
further details.

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7.7 Exit Button

In Menu Mode, pressing the EXIT button returns back one menu level. In Meter Mode, pressing EXIT
returns the display to the Home View.

7.8 Dynamic Buttons, Controls and LEDs

Figure 7-3: LCD with Dynamic Buttons, Controls and LEDs

7.8 .1 Communication LED

This bright white LED signies selection in the Lake Controller, or Controller communication providing visual
conrmation of:

1. Network communication between the Lake Controller and the Lake Processor (Flashing LED).

2. Selection of the Lake Processor in the Lake Controller software (Steady LED).

The Communication LED can be dimmed via the
front panel by selecting Frame menu, and then Front

- Dimming.

7.8. 2 Frame Faults and Warnings LED

This LED turns red to indicate a Frame fault and turns yellow to indicate a Frame warning. Additional clari­cation of the fault or warning is displayed in the LCD. All mute, fault and warning states displayed on the
front panel are summarized in section 9.1.

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

Additional faults and warnings are reported in the Event Log of the Lake Controller only. All faults and
warnings recorded in the Event Log are listed in section 9.1 along with scenarios that may have arisen to
cause them.

7.8. 3 Rotary Encoder

The rotary encoder is used to adjust parameters in conjunction with the selection made via the dynamic
function buttons and LCD menus. The ring around the rotary encoder illuminates when a selected parameter
is available for adjustment.

Turn the encoder clockwise to increase the selected parameter, or counter-clockwise to decrease the value.
Parameters with only two states (e.g. ON, OFF) are toggled by turning clockwise or counter-clockwise.
Some parameters enable simultaneous adjustment of a combination of input and output channels.

To select which channels are adjusted:

1. Press the associated soft button/s to select the parameter/s for editing.
A selected parameter is indicated by inverse text and background color.

2. Use the rotary encoder to change the value.

It is possible to select multiple parameters for simultaneous editing even if the values are different on each
channel. Turning the rotary encoder will adjust each parameter by the same increment. When in Meter
Mode, the rotary encoder allows the user to change between the available meter views.

Some menus permit parameters to be adjusted
across multiple channels simultaneously by default.

7.8. 4 Dynamic Function Buttons

The buttons surrounding the display are unlabeled because their functions change according to the currently
selected menu or display.

In Meter Mode with MUTE ENABLE activated, these dynamic function buttons are used to mute or unmute
the Module Inputs and power output channels.

In Menu Mode these buttons are used to navigate the menu structure.During menu navigation, the color
of the embedded LEDs continue to indicate the mute status, or clips, faults and warnings relevant to the
associated input or output channel on the PLM.

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Each button contains a tricolor LED which conveys
fault and warning indications in addition to the mute
status. The LED color does not necessarily cor­respond to the currently selected function.

7.8. 4 .1 Mute Functions

The PLM provides mute functions at several different points in its audio chain. Please refer to section 6.1 for
further information. The four types of mute are:

1. PLM Input Mute

2. Module Input Mute

3. Module Output Mute

4. Power Output Mute

With the exception of Module output mutes, all types may be controlled from the PLM front panel in Meter
Mode by activating MUTE ENABLE and selecting the associated input or output Meter View using the
METER button.

Module input and output mutes can be controlled in
Menu Mode via the MENU button. All mutes can
also be controlled from the Lake Controller.

7.8.4. 2 PLM Input Mute

The PLM input mute provides the ability to simultaneously mute/unmute all modules or outputs that are
sourced from the PLM input. To mute or unmute the PLM inputs:

1. Press METER until the Input Meter View is displayed

2. Press MUTE ENABLE

3. Use the associated dynamic function buttons to mute / unmute the PLM inputs

The PLM Input Mute is within the Lake Processing
system, post input type selection, and pre input
mixing and routing.

Please refer to the Lake Controller User Manual for details of mute selection via the software.

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7.8.4. 3 Module Input Mute

The Module input mute provides the ability to mute/unmute the audio signal at the module level. Therefore,
the PLM input (described in 7.8.4.2) remains unmuted and can be used by another module, or directly
routed to an output. To mute or unmute a Module input:

1. Press METER until Home View is displayed

2. Press MUTE ENABLE

3. Use the associated dynamic function buttons to mute / unmute the Module inputs

Once the Module input is muted, the LED turns red and MOD. IN MUTE is displayed on the LCD. When
unmuted, the LED turns green (unless any other output warning conditions are active)..

Fault condition LED indications take priority
over mute status indications. If a fault
condition occurs, the LED will indicate the
fault and not the mute status.

Module Input Mutes may also be controlled in Menu Mode. See section 7.11.2.6 for further details.

Please refer to the Lake Controller User Manual for details of mute selection via the software.

7.8.4.4 Module Output Mute

Module Output Mute is part of the Lake Processing system, at the crossover outputs. It is post Module
output EQ and level adjustment, pre PLM’s protection circuitry.

Muting of the Module outputs is unavailable via MUTE ENABLE in Meter Mode, as the PLM power output
mutes are assigned in this mode (see section 7.8.4.5). However, Module output mute status and control is
available in Menu Mode and may also be viewed and controlled from the Lake Controller software.

Please refer to section 7.11.2.6 for details of selecting Module Output Mute in Menu Mode.

Refer to the Lake Controller User Manual for details of mute selection via the software.

7.8.4. 5 Power Output Mute

The four dynamic function buttons to the right of the LCD control the Power Output Mutes of output
channels 1-4. These mutes are located within the PLM’s power output stage.

When a PLM power output is muted, the LED turns red and the text AMP CH. MUTE is displayed on the
LCD. When unmuted, the LED turns green (unless any other output warning conditions are active).

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Fault condition LED indications take priority
over mute status indications. If a fault
condition occurs, the LED will indicate the
fault and not the mute status.

7.8. 5 LED Fault, Warning and Clip Indication

A tricolor LED is embedded inside each of the eight dynamic function buttons. These convey a variety of
status indications including faults and warnings, signal clip indications, Module input mute, Module output
mute and Power Output mute. Table 7-1 summarizes the meaning of the LED indications.

LED Color Indication

Green Status Good / Unmuted

Yel low Warning

Red Fault / Muted

Flashing Red Clip

Table 7-1: LED Fault and Warning Indications

An unlit output LED indicates either the
channel is not available for the model in use,
or that the power output channel is not routed
to a Module output channel.

7.8. 5 .1 Clip Indication

The front panel LEDs also indicate input and output clip or pre-clip conditions that can occur within the PLM.

Input Clip

Input clipping is monitored at two stages in the signal path:

▸ Analog Input Stage: If the input signal exceeds either +12 dBu or +26 dBu (according to analog sensitiv-

ity setting), a clip indication is displayed. Not applicable for AES or Dante inputs.

▸ Module Input Stage: If the signal level at this point exceeds +25 dBu, a clip indication is displayed.

Input clipping is indicated the affected Module LED ashing red and INPUT CLIP displayed on the LCD.
If a subsequent input clip within 400 ms is detected, the LED remain lit for a longer period.

Output Clip

All output channels are monitored by a suite of protection circuits that include a Current Peak Limiter (CPL)
and an Inter-Sample Voltage Peak Limiter (ISVPL). Please refer to section 5.3 for further information.

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

If CPL protection is active, or a voltage clip occurs, then the associated Power Output Channel LED will ash
red and a text warning will also be displayed on the screen.

7.8.5. 2 Warning or Fault Indications

If certain parameters within the PLM approach or exceed preset limits, a warning condition or fault condition
may arise. One or more LEDs provide a visual indication of the problem, along with an on-screen description
of the condition displayed adjacent to the LED/s.

▸ A green LED conrms inputs or outputs are unmuted and operating normally

▸ A yellow LED signies a warning are reserved for PLM warnings

▸ A red LED indicates a fault, clip or mute

An Event Log le lists all warnings with date and time stamps, please refer to the Lake Controller Operation
Manual for further information the Event Log.

Please refer to Table 7-2 and Table 7-3 below, and to Table 9-1 on page 77, for a detailed description of
faults and warnings.

7.9 Warning and Fault Indications

Table 7-2 lists the warning conditions signied by a yellow LED; Table 7-3 lists the fault conditions signied
by a red LED.

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PLM

Model

Warning Type LED

No.

On Screen

Warning Text

Event Log Text

20000Q Amp Temp Limit Frame 1 ATL ACTIVE N/A

ALL AES Clock Slipping Module 1 CLOCK SLIPPING AES Clock Slipping

ALL Amp Temp Warning Channel 5-8 TEMP WARN:CH Temp warning: Amp Channel

20000Q BEL Active Frame 1 BEL ACTIVE N/A

ALL Controller Ofine Frame 1 CTRL OFFLINE N/A

ALL Device Name Conict Frame 1 NAME CONFLICT Dante Device Name Conict

ALL Frame Ofine - 1 OFFLINE Frame Ofine

ALL Load Not Veried Module

Channel

2+3

5-8

LOAD NOT VER LoadSmart: Load Not Veried

ALL Load Uncertain Channel 5-8 UNCERTAIN LOAD Uncertain About Load Type

20000Q PSU Mains Glitch Frame 1 MAINS GLITCH Glitch on Mains Voltage Detected

20000Q PSU Power Limit Frame 1 PAL ACTIVE N/A

20000Q PSU Temp Limit Frame 1 PTL ACTIVE N/A

ALL PSU Temp Warning Frame 1 TEMP WARN: PSU Temp Warning: Power Supply Unit

ALL Sense Fault Frame 1 SENSE FAULT Frame warning: Sense Fault

20000Q Speaker / Cable Shorted Channel 5-8 SPKR SHORTED Speaker / Cable Shorted

ALL Speaker Over Count Channel 5-8 OVER SPKR CNT Over Speaker Count

ALL Speaker Under Count Channel 5-8 UNDER SPKR CNT Under Speaker Count

20000Q Speaker Damaged Channel 5-8 SPKR DAMAGED Speaker Component Damaged

ALL SpeakerSafe Not Started Ch 5-8 SPKSAFE INACT SpeakerSafe Not Started

ALL SpeakerSafe Precision Low Ch 5-8 LM PREC. LOW SpeakerSafe Precision Low

20000Q Under Voltage Limit Frame 1 UVL ACTIVE N/A

Table 7-2: Warning Conditions (Yellow LED)

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

PLM

Model

Fault/Clip/Mute Type LED

No.

On Screen Warning

Tex t

Event Log Text

ALL Amp Ch Mute Channel 5-8 AMP CH. MUTE Amp Channel Mute

ALL Amp Temp Fault Channel 5-8 TEMP FLT:CH Temp Fault: Amp Channel

ALL Analog Input Fault Frame 1 ANALOG IN FAULT Frame Fault: Analog Input

20000Q Check AC Mains Frame 1 CHECK AC MAINS Frame Fault: Check AC Mains

ALL Current Average Limiter Channel 5-8 CAL ACTIVE n/a

ALL Current Protection Limiter Channel 5-8 CURRENT CLIP N/A

ALL DSP Area Temp Fault Frame 1 TEMP F LT:D S P Temp Fault: DSP Area

ALL Input Channel Mute Inp.Mix 2+ 3 INPUT MUTE Input Mute

ALL Internal Audio Interface Fault Frame 1 AUDIO FAULT Frame Fault: Audio Interface

ALL Module Input Mute Module 2+3 MOD. IN MUTE Module Input Mute

ALL Module Output Clip Module 2+ 3 MOD. CLIP n/a

ALL Module Output Mute Channel 5-8 MOD. OUT MUTE Module Output Mute

ALL No input source available Module 2+3 NO INPUT No Input Source

ALL No Load Detected at Output Channel 5-8 NO LOAD Channel Fault: No Load Detected

ALL Physical Input Clip Module 2+3 INPUT CLIP n/a

ALL Power Average Limiter Frame 1 PAL ACTIVE n/a

ALL Power Channel Failure Channel 5-8 SERVICE CH. Channel Fault: Unit Needs Service

ALL PSU Area Temp Fault Frame 1 TEMP F LT:P S U Temp Fault: Power Supply Unit

ALL PSU Fault / Undervoltage Frame 1 P S U FAU LT Frame Fault: PSU Undervoltage

20000Q PSU Mains Over Voltage Peak Frame 1 MAINS >400 VPK Frame Fault: PSU Mains >400

VPK

20000Q PSU Mains Over Voltage RMS Frame 1 MAINS >270 V Frame Fault: PSU Mains >270 V

20000Q PSU Mains Under Voltage Frame 1 MAINS <65 V Frame Fault: PSU Mains <65 V

20000Q PSU Needs Service 1 Frame 1 NEED SERVICE:1 Frame Fault: Need Service: 1

20000Q PSU Needs Service 2 Frame 1 NEED SERVICE:2 Frame Fault: Need Service: 2

20000Q PSU Needs Service 3 Frame 1 NEED SERVICE:3 Frame Fault: Need Service: 3

20000Q PSU Needs Service 4 Frame 1 NEED SERVICE:4 Frame Fault: Need Service: 4

20000Q PSU Needs Service 5 Frame 1 NEED SERVICE:5 Frame Fault: Need Service: 5

20000Q PSU Needs Service 6 Frame 1 NEED SERVICE:6 Frame Fault: Need Service: 6

20000Q PSU Needs Service 7 Frame 1 NEED SERVICE:7 Frame Fault: Need Service: 7

20000Q PSU Needs Service 8 Frame 1 NEED SERVICE:8 Frame Fault: Need Service: 8

20000Q PSU Rail Protect Frame 1 PSU POWER PROT Frame Fault: PSU Power Protect

ALL Short Circuit Protection Channel 5-8 SHORT CIRCUIT Channel Fault: Short Circuit

Protection

ALL Speaker Magnet Temp Fault Channel 5-8 TEMP FLT:MAG Temp Fault: Speaker Magnet

ALL Speaker VC Temp Fault Channel 5-8 TEMP F LT:V C Temp Fault: Speaker Voice Coil

ALL VHF Protection Channel 5-8 VHF FAULT Channel Fault: Very High

Frequency

ALL Voltage Protection Limiter Channel 5-8 VOLTAGE CLIP n/a

ALL Wrong Type of Speaker Channel 5-8 WRONG LOAD Load Type / Routing Mismatch

Table 7-3: Fault Conditions (Red LED)

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7.10 Meter Mode

7.10.1 Home View

The default view when powering on the device is Meter Mode > Home View as shown in Figure 7-4.

Figure 7-4: Meter Mode > Home View

Home View provides a summary of Module I/O gain level and limiter gain reduction, along with frame,
module and channel labeling information. The example in Figure 7-4 shows a stereo 2-Way, with Module A
(Input 1) feeding power output channels 1&2, and Module B (Input 2) feeding power output channels 3&4.

Current View title & Frame label, Frame faults and warnings.

Module A label, input gain meter, faults, warnings, clips & mutes.

Module B label, input gain meter, faults, warnings, clips & mutes.

This section displays conrmation of the following settings:

- AES3 Input Terminated (no icon = Unterminated)

- Analog Inputs Iso-Float Grounded (no icon = Floating)

- Dante Clock Master (no icon = Dante Slave or Dante Disabled)

- Dante Slave Only (no icon = device may be used as Dante Clock Master)
REDUNDANT - Dual Redundancy networking enabled

Power output 1 label, gain & limiter meters, faults, warnings, clips & mutes.

Power output 2 label, gain & limiter meters, faults, warnings, clips & mutes.

Power output 3 label, gain & limiter meters, faults, warnings, clips & mutes.

Power output 4 label, gain & limiter meters, faults, warnings, clips & mutes.

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Please refer to Table 7-2 and Table 7-3 on page 41 for full details on the faults and warnings that could be
displayed in any of the above locations.

Output limiter (gain reduction) meters take
into account the sum of PLM ISVPL and Lake
LimiterMax.

The icons in the center of the LCD indicate the amplier channel to which each module output is routed.

When two amplier channels are Bridged, both channels will be displayed.

The type of icon used in the center of the screen

conrms whether the PLM outputs are congured in
Standard mode or Bridge Mode, as shown in Figure 7-5. For further information on Bridge Mode, please
refer to section 8.1.1.

Figure 7-5: Standard and Bridge Mode Front Panel Icons

Bridge Mode is visible via this icon notation on the PLM Front Panel in Home View, however, the
Lake Controller must be used to congure Bridge Mode; please refer to the Lake Controller Operation
Manual for further information.

Home View looks similar for most congurations, with slight variations dependant on the PLM model and
processor conguration.

Module View

Module View provides further signal level information in the form of additional power output meters as
shown in Figure 7-6.

Figure 7-6: Meter Mode > Module View

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Current View title & Frame label, Frame faults and warnings

Module A label and input gain meter

Module B label and input gain meter

Main Voltage and Ampere Meter (PLM 20000Q O N LY )

Output 1: V - Voltage Meter I - Current Meter P - Power Meter L - Gain Reduction Meter

Output 2: V - Voltage Meter I - Current Meter P - Power Meter L - Gain Reduction Meter

Output 3: V - Voltage Meter I - Current Meter P - Power Meter L - Gain Reduction Meter

Output 4: V - Voltage Meter I - Current Meter P - Power Meter L - Gain Reduction Meter

▸ The Voltage Meter (V) indicates the PLM’s power output stage voltage relative to its clip level

▸ The Current Meter (I) indicates the current the power output stage is driving into its load, relative to the

maximum permissible current the xed CPL allows

▸ The Power Meter (P) indicates the instantaneous output power being developed in the load relative to

the PLMs maximum output power capability.

▸ The Gain Reduction Meter (L) indicates the degree of limiting being applied by the PLM ISVPL and/or

the Lake LimiterMax.

7.10. 2 Temperature View

Temperature View provides information about the current operating temperatures within the PLM and the
connected loudspeakers.

Figure 7-7: Meter Mode > Temperature View

Current View title. Power supply temp (PSU) & Lake processor temp (DSP) as percentage of maximum

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

Unused in Temperature View

Unused in Temperature View

Unused in Temperature View

Output 1: AMP - Temp of power output VC - Temp of voicecoil MAG - Temp of magnet

Output 2: AMP - Temp of power output VC - Temp of voicecoil MAG - Temp of magnet

Output 3: AMP - Temp of power output VC - Temp of voicecoil MAG - Temp of magnet

Output 4: AMP - Temp of power output VC - Temp of voicecoil MAG - Temp of magnet

▸ AMP indicates the current actual temperature of that channel’s power output stage as a percentage of

its maximum permitted value. The numerical value is in dB relative to signal clip.

▸ The computed temperature of voice coil (VC) of the loudspeaker connected to that output channel. This

parameter is calculated using the power currently being dissipated in the load, and by using the loud­speaker data from the LoadLibrary Fingerprint as presented by the SpeakerSafe output. The numerical
value is displayed in degrees Celsius.

▸ The computed temperature of the magnet (MAG) of the loudspeaker connected to the output channel.

This parameter is calculated and displayed in a similar way to the voice coil (VC) temperature.

7.10.3 Input View

Input View enables inspection of the input signal before the input mixer (i.e. prior to the Home View Module
input meters).

Figure 7-8: Meter Mode > Input View

Current View title & Frame label, Frame faults and warnings

Input Router 1: Selected input type, input gain level (relative to clip), router fault/warning/clip

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Input Router 2: Selected input type, input gain level (relative to clip), router fault/warning/clip

This section displays conrmation of the following settings:

AES3 Terminated Icon (no icon = AES Unterminated)
Iso-Float Grounded Icon (no icon = Iso-Float Floating)
Dante Clock Master Icon (no icon = Dante Slave or Dante Disabled)

Unused in Input View

Module A Input Mixer: Input 1/2 Connection Status, Module A input level meter

Module B Input Mixer: Input 1/2 Connection Status, Module A input level meter

Combined channel status summarizing faults and warnings for all power outputs

7.11 Menu Mode

7.11.1 Overview

The majority of functions can be accessed via Menu Mode on the front panel. These functions include
the adjustment of gain, delay, limiters, input and output routing, and the ability to recall Frame Presets.
Menu Mode can be accessed at any time by pressing the MENU button.

After pressing the MENU button, various submenu options are displayed as shown in Figure 7-9

.

Figure 7-9: Menu Mode > Main Menu

Press the illuminated button adjacent to the required option to display an associated submenu. When
parameter level is reached, individual parameters may be selected for adjustment by pressing the adjacent
button. The selected parameter value/s are highlighted, and are adjustable using the rotary encoder.

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A parameter may be adjusted simultaneously across multiple channels by selecting all values to be adjusted;
any current value offsets are retained. Some parameters default to multiple selection, with all inputs or
outputs adjusted simultaneously. Changes are effected in real-time and a stored without further conrma­tion. Pressing EXIT returns to the previous menu level, automatically retaining any parameter changes.

All parameters are also editable via the Lake
Controller unless specied otherwise.

7.11.1.1 Parameters with Individual Values and Group Totals

The following parameters display two values:

▸ MODULE > GAIN

▸ MODULE > DELAY

▸ MODULE > LIMITERS > MAXRMS LEVEL

▸ MODULE > LIMITERS > MAXPEAK LEVEL

The Module parameter can be adjusted using the rotary encoder. The Group total (shown in brackets) is only
adjustable using the Groups function in the Lake Controller.

The Group total is the sum of the individual Module value plus any values for this parameter on all Groups to
which the Module is assigned. Please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual for further information
on Groups.

7.11.1. 2 Menu Structure Overview

From the Main Menu, the following submenus are available, as shown in Figure 7-9 and described in the
following sections.

▸ MODULE (See section 7.11.2)

▸ Gain
▸ Delay
▸ Polarity
▸ Amp Gain
▸ Limiters
▸ Mute

▸ INPUT CONFIGURATION (See section 7.11.3)

▸ Router 1
▸ Router 2
▸ AES Termination
▸ Iso-Float

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▸ ATTENUATION (See section 7.11.4)

▸ FRAME (See section 7.11.5)

▸ Frame Information
▸ Frame Reset
▸ Network
▸ Latency Match
▸ Front Panel

▸ FRAME PRESETS (See section 7.11.7)

▸ Preset Recall

▸ LOAD MONITOR (See section 7.11.8)

▸ Congure No. of Cabinets in Parallel
▸ LoadSmart Verication
▸ Estimated No. of Cabinets

▸ DANTE (See section 7.11.9)

For simplicity, the following sections refer to the
buttons by their associated name on the LCD
screen. E.g. ‘Press GAIN’ equates to ‘Press the
button adjacent to the Gain label on the LCD’.

7.11. 2 Module Submenu

MENU > MODULE

After selecting the Module Menu, the screen shown in Figure 7-10 is displayed. Press the illuminated button
adjacent to the required option to view or edit the associated parameters.

Figure 7-10: Module Submenu

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7.11.2 .1 Gain

MENU > MODULE > GAIN

Figure 7-11: Module Gain Edit Screen

Press the illuminated button next to the input/s and/or output/s for adjustment, and use the rotary encoder
to change the value/s. Multiple gain values may be adjusted simultaneously in 0.1 dB increments, subject to
dened level limits.

7.11.2.2 Delay

MENU > MODULE > DELAY

Press the illuminated button next to the input/s and/or output/s for adjustment, and use the rotary encoder
to change the value/s. Multiple delay values may be adjusted simultaneously in 0.1 ms increments, subject
to dened level limits.

The audio signal may be delayed (typically for reasons of driver or delay subsystem alignment) at either
the Module inputs or on individual outputs. Delay added at the inputs affects all outputs equally, and will
be generally be introduced to time-align arrays of loudspeakers at different locations. Delaying individual
outputs may be desirable to time-align drivers in the same cabinet or array.

7.11.2 . 3 Phase (Polarity)

MENU > MODULE > PHASE

Press the illuminated button next to the input/s and/or output/s to be adjusted, and use the rotary encoder
to change the value/s. Phase may be changed on one input or output at a time.

Audio phase reversal is available at the inputs to Module A and Module B, and also individually on the
six output channels. The LCD displays ‘Positive’ for normal operation, and ‘Negative’ when the phase is
inverted.

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7.11.2 . 4 Amp Gain

MENU > MODULE > AMP GAIN

By default, all outputs are selected; use the rotary encoder to change the gain of all power outputs or press
the associated output button to deselect one or more outputs.

Amp Gain adjusts the gain of the PLM’s power output stage for each output channel. The default setting is
35 dB, variable in 0.1 dB increments from 22 dB to 44 dB. Care should be taken in altering Amp Gain, which
should be adjusted in conjunction with the Gain controls and limiter thresholds.

7.11.2 . 5 Limiters

MENU > MODULE > LIMITERS

Various parameters of the PLM’s Inter-Sample Voltage Peak Limiter (ISVPL) and the Lake LimiterMax param­eters can be adjusted via this submenu. By default, simultaneous adjustment of most limiter parameters
across all output channels is selected, although channels may be adjusted individually if required. Attack and
Release times must be adjusted individually per channel.

Inter-Sample Voltage Peak Limiter Threshold (ISVPL Threshold)

The ISVPL prevents the voltage of the PLM outputs from exceeding a pre-determined value. The ISVPL
Threshold can be adjusted between 17.8 V to 600 V, which represents the instantaneous peak voltage,
not the RMS value of the output signal. The actual value is displayed in brackets and can be limited by the
maximum voltage a particular PLM Series model can produce.

Inter-Sample Voltage Peak Limiter Prole (ISVPL Prole)

Selecting the ISVPL Prole will optimize the ISVPL limiting for the specic frequency band. ISVPL Prole
permits individual adjustments per channel between six proles, providing appropriate attack and release
times for the ISVPL Limiter and Voltage Clip feedback to either minimize distortion or maximize SPL as
described below.

1. Universal – Optimized for low distortion, usable for all frequencies

2. Sub/LF – Optimized for higher SPL below 600 Hz, usable for all frequencies

3. Sub – Optimized for high SPL, 20-200 Hz

4. LF – Optimized for high SPL, 20-1200 Hz

5. MF – Optimized for high SPL, 300-6000 Hz

6. HF – Optimized for high SPL, > 1 kHz

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The default ISVPL Proles differ depending on the PLM Series model:

▸ PLM 10000Q / 20000Q: UNIVERSAL

▸ PLM 14000: SUB/LF

MaxPeak Level (MaxPeakLvl)

This sets the maximum peak signal level at the Module outputs. It is adjustable from -30 dBu to +30 dBu
in 0.1 dB increments, subject to user-dened level limits. The Group total is displayed (in brackets) for each
channel.

MaxRMS Level (MaxRMSLvl)

This sets the maximum RMS signal level at the Module outputs. It is adjustable from -30 dBu to +30 dBu
in 0.1 dB increments, subject to user-dened level limits. The Group total is displayed (in brackets) for each
channel.

MaxRMS Corner (MaxRMSCor)

A soft-knee or hard-knee corner may be applied to the RMS Limiter. A soft-knee corner gently increases
limiting as the signal approaches the threshold; a hard-knee corner applies full limiting to any signal exceed­ing the threshold by any amount, but none to signals below the threshold.

The Corner parameter is adjustable in 0.1 dB increments, subject to dened level limits. This gure repre­sents the level below the limiter threshold at which compression commences; the larger this negative value,
the softer the knee. A setting of 0 dB implies a hard-knee characteristic.

LimiterMax provides peak and RMS limiting
features, referred to as MaxPeak and MaxRMS
respectively. Full details regarding LimiterMax can
be found in the Lake Controller Operation Manual.

7.11.2 . 6 Mutes

MENU > MODULE > MUTES

In Meter Mode, Module inputs and PLM power output channels can be muted using the MUTE ENABLE
function. The MUTE menu also provides mute status and control of the Module input mutes, but instead of
the PLM power output channel mutes, it provides the ability to mute the Lake Module outputs.

Press the associated dynamic function button/s to select the Module input/s and/or Module output/s to be
adjusted. Use the rotary encoder to toggle between the MUTED and UNMUTED states.

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7.11.3 Input Cong Submenu

MENU > INPUT CONFIG

Figure 7-12: Input Cong Submenu

This menu provides conguration options for input routing, along with settings for AES Termination and
Iso-Float as described in the following sections.

7.11.3.1 Router 1 / 2

MENU > I/O CONFIG > ROUTER 1 / 2

Figure 7-13: Input Router 1

The signal ow diagrams in chapter 6 highlight that there are two Input Routers available on PLM Series
devices. The input that is selected within the router can be used by the Input Mixer for either Module A or
Module B.

Each router has four priority levels allowing any input to be placed in a sequence providing automatic input
signal fail over. AES3 and Dante inputs have priority over analog inputs.

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Only one analog input is allowed in each router, and
the analog input must be at the lowest priority level
in relation to any other inputs.

Two modes of input selection are available, Auto Select and Forced Selection. The selected setting is also
visible from the I/O STATUS screen on the front panel, and via the Lake Controller.

In Auto Select mode, Priority 1 is checked for a valid input signal; if no signal is found, Priority 2 is checked,
and so on until a valid signal is located; this process occurs if the currently selected input fails. In Forced
Selection mode, one of the four priorities is xed regardless of whether a valid signal is present.

With a router selected on the front panel, press the middle button on the left of the LCD to activate this
parameter for editing; the text will be highlighted as shown in Figure 7-13. Use the illuminated rotary
encoder to scroll through the following options:

▸ Auto Select (default)
▸ Force Priority 1
▸ Force Priority 2
▸ Force Priority 3
▸ Force Priority 4

Assignment of Input Priority

Factory default settings assign AES3 to Priority 1 and Analog to Priority 4, with Priority 2 and 3 empty.

To change these settings via the front panel, select Priority slot number to be changed and use the rotary
encoder to scroll through the available options. Due to the signal hierarchy it is not possible to assign an
analog source to a higher priority than a digital source.

Analog Input Sensitivity and Digital Gain Offset

Press a dynamic function to the right of the LCD to toggle the selection of input source and input sensitivity/
digital gain offset then use the rotary encoder to change the parameter.

The maximum input level accepted by the analog input pre-ampliers without clipping may be set to 12 dBu
or 26 dBu. Digital gain offset may be applied to AES3 digital input signals in 0.1 dB increments from -100 dB
to +15 dB.

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7.11.3. 2 AES3 Input Termination

MENU > I/O CONFIG > AES TERM

Figure 7-14: AES Termination Edit Screen

To adjust the AES3 Input Termination, select AES TERM from the Input Cong menu then use the rotary
encoder to toggle the value. An icon is displayed in the bottom left of the display in Meter Mode when AES
is set to ‘Terminated’.

For fault-free operation when using AES3 digital audio as an input source, inputs must be correctly termi­nated with the characteristic impedance of 110 ohm. The Input Termination setting is determined by the
method used to distribute the AES3 signals.

The processor at the end of a distribution line should be set to TERMINATED; all other processors should
be set to UNTERMINATED. If an AES3 distribution amplier (DA) is being used to distribute the digital audio
signals, with one DA output per processor, then all terminations should be on. However, if the AES3 is
daisy-chained, only terminate the last processor in the chain.

7.11.3.3 Iso-Float

MENU > I/O CONFIG > ISO-FLOAT

Figure 7-15: Iso-Float Menu

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To change the Iso-Float setting, adjust the value using the rotary encoder. The current settings are also
displayed on the front panel I/O STATUS screen.

The analog inputs utilize Iso-Float transformerless electronic balancing circuitry. This provides electrical isola­tion from an analog source comparable to that achieved with transformer-based designs. However, pin 1 of
the XLR input connector may be connected to ground within the device if desired. This option is selected by
using the rotary encoder to toggle between FLOATING and GROUNDED.

It may be necessary to change this setting to resolve ground loop problems when using analog inputs.

7.11.4 Attenuation Submenu

MENU > AT TEN UATION

Figure 7-16: Attenuation Menu

The default setting of 0.00 dB (i.e. no attenuation) is adjustable in 0.25 dB increments down to -100 dB.

Adjustment of attenuation at the input to the PLM power stage is available on a per-channel basis. This
adjustment is the PLM equivalent of a conventional amplier level control. The power output channels may
be turned down using these parameters before powering on or off. Please refer to the signal ow diagram
in Figure 6-2 on page 26.

By default, all channels are deselected. Press the SEL ALL button to select/deselect all channels (as shown
in Figure 7-16) or, press a single button on the right to adjust a channel individually.

For 4-channel PLMs, only ONE channel or ALL
channels may be adjusted. It is not possible to
adjust only two or three channels.

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7.11.5 Frame Submenu

MENU > FRAME

Figure 7-17: Frame Menu

The Frame Menu provides information and options relating to the device PLM as a physical unit. It is referred
to as a Frame for consistency with Lake Controller terminology.

The Frame Label as dened in the Lake Controller is displayed in this menu. It is also displayed at the
top-left of the screen in Meter Mode, Home View.

7.11.5.1 Frame Info

MENU > FRAME > FRAME INFO

Frame Info provides information about the device settings and conguration. All data in this front panel
menu is read-only; some parameters are xed, some can be changed only via the Lake Controller software.

Firmware Version (FW Version)

This option displays the version numbers for various rmware elements. This information can be used to
verify that the latest rmware is installed and is useful if a technical issue arises.

Inherent Latency (Inh. Latency)

This option displays a screen showing latency currently incurred through the PLM, measured from input to
output.

Processing of digital audio necessitates a small but nite processing delay referred to as system latency. It
may be desirable to know the latency, so the value can be subtracted from any deliberate delay introduced
for loudspeaker time-alignment. In many cases, the system latency is so small compared to time-alignment
delay that it can be ignored.

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Serial Number (Serial No.)

The printed serial number on the back panel of the PLM is also electronically embedded in the hardware,
and therefore cannot be removed or altered if stolen.

Max Output Voltage (MaxOutVolt)

Displays the maximum output voltage per channel that can exist across the PLM’s output terminals. This is
the absolute maximum, not the voltage dened by the ISVPL setting.

When Bridge Mode is activated, double the channel
output voltage is available.

Max Output Current (MaxOutCurr)

Displays the maximum output current that can be delivered by the PLM, summed across all output chan­nels.

7.11.5. 2 Frame Reset and Conguration

MENU > FRAME > RESET

Use this option to display a further menu with options to reset all parameters back to their original factory
default values. See section 9.3 for a full list of the default factory reset parameter values.

Two types of reset are provided: Factory Reset Soft Reset.

Factory Reset

A Factory Reset will reset all settings and parameters to the original factory-dened default values. This
includes the deletion of any Frame Presets stored within the device. It also resets the IP Address and all
network related settings including the Dual Redundancy setting; a hard power cycle is required to complete
this reset.

Soft Reset

A Soft Reset will reset all settings and parameters to the original factory-dened default values, but retains
Frame Preset information and IP / Network conguration. A power cycle is not required to complete this
type of reset.

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7.11.5. 3 Breaker Emulation Limiter (PLM 20000Q ONLY)

MENU > FRAME > BEL CONF

The Breaker Emulation Limiter (BEL) provides Ampere selection (5-32 A) and breaker type selection (CON­SERVATIVE, FAST and UNIVERSAL). Select by pressing the adjacent button then use the rotary encoder to
change the parameter.

This option is only available on the PLM 20000Q.

7.11.5.4 Network

MENU > FRAME > NETWORK

Pressing the NETWORK button displays a further screen containing network conguration information.
All parameters are view-only on the front panel and are either not editable, or can only be adjusted via the
Lake Controller.

A summary at the top right of the screen conrms whether a valid connection is present for both Ethernet
ports, and whether the Lake Controller is online.

▸ IP Addr: Displays the Internet Protocol address for the selected unit and can only be changed via the

Lake Controller software. Please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual for further details.

▸ IP Mask: Displays the IP address subnet mask for the selected unit and can only be changed via the

Lake Controller software. Please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual for further details.

▸ MAC: Displays the unique Media Access Control Ethernet address for the processor. This value cannot

be changed.

▸ IP Cong: Displays the IP conguration of the device (Auto - Zero Conf, Auto - DHCP or Fixed IP)

▸ F.ID: Displays the Frame ID, a unique Lake product identier that cannot be changed.

▸ Redundancy: Displays the dual redundancy status for the Frame (ON/OFF)

7.11.5.5 Latency Match

To turn Latency Match on or off, select the parameter using the adjacent button then change the status
using the rotary encoder.

When Latency Match is ON the LM Series device adds delay to match the overall processing delay of legacy
Lake Contour Pro 26 and Mesa Quad EQ products. Please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual for
further information.

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7.11.6 Front Panel Display Controls

MENU > FRAME > FRONT

Figure 7-18: Front Panel Display Controls Menu

Contrast

To adjust the front panel LCD contrast, select this option then use the rotary encoder to change the value.

Dimming

To adjust the front panel LCD & LED brightness, select this option then use the rotary encoder to change
the value.

Channel Order

To adjust the order in which both inputs and outputs are displayed on the front panel in all views, select this
option then use the rotary encoder to change the value between TOP-DOWN (default) and BOTTOM-UP.

7.11.7 Frame Preset Menu

MENU > FRAME PRST

Figure 7-19: Frame Preset Menu

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To recall an existing Frame Preset, use the rotary encoder to select the required Preset then press the
RECALL button to overwrite the current conguration.

Frame Presets must initially be created in the Lake
Controller, and stored as a Preset using the Lake
Controller or the PLM Series Preset Manager.

Up to 100 Frame Presets can be stored in the device. The data within a Frame Preset includes the congura­tion of all Modules in the Frame including levels, crossovers, EQ, input mixer, and output routing.

As Frame Presets are stored within the device, complete processor congurations can be recalled without
connecting the device to a PC.

7.11.8 Load Monitor Menu (LoadSmart)

MENU > LOAD MON

Figure 7-20: Load Monitor Menu

7.11.8.1 Congure # of Cabinets in Parallel

This option allows selection of the number of speaker cabinets connected to each PLM output channel.
Select individual or multiple outputs and use the rotary encoder to set the value from 1 to 4. This value is
used by LoadSmart and SpeakerSafe to conrm the correct connection and status of the speakers con­nected to each PLM channel.

7.11.8. 2 LoadSmart Verication

Select this option to initiate LoadSmart verication, then select YES to continue. LoadSmart performs a
rapid test of all output channels, and displays the results on the LCD a few seconds later.

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Figure 7-21: LoadSmart Verication Results Screen

The Load Results page provides four items of information per output channel:

▸ Conrmation of the speaker Fingerprint assigned to the channel.

If no Fingerprint is assigned, NO MODEL will be displayed.

▸ Result of speaker cabinet count; this will either be OK or WRONG.

▸ Estimated number of speakers connected to the channel.

▸ Computed voice coil temperature, calculated from manufacturer’s data contained within the loud-

speaker Fingerprint.

If the displayed range of voice coil temperatures is acceptable, press ACCEPT TEMP MEASURE button to
start SpeakerSafe monitoring using these temperatures as starting values.

If the range of displayed voicecoil temperatures contains one or more anomalous results, the Lake Controller
should be used to manually enter the starting temperature for SpeakerSafe. Please refer to the PLM Series
chapter in the

Lake Controller Operation Manual for further information.

Once started, SpeakerSafe monitors the load on each power output channel, and displays associated results
in Meter Mode > Temperature View, and also on the Status and History tabs in the Lake Controller.

7.11.8. 3 Estimated # of Cabinets

When SpeakerSafe is active, this submenu displays the estimated number of cabinets from SpeakerSafe’s
continuous load monitoring.

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7.11.9 Dante

MENU > DANTE

Figure 7-22: Dante Menu

Pressing the DANTE button from the main menu will display this screen only if Dante has previously been
enabled via the Lake Controller software.

Please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual for further details regarding Dante implementation.

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8. Back Panel Interface

An overview of the back panel interface is provided in section 4.2. This chapter describes each cluster of
connections as shown in Figure 8-1.

Figure 8-1: Back Panel Interface (2-channel PLM)

8.1 Speaker Outputs

The PLM is available with either 4 mm binding posts or Neutrik speakON connectors for the outputs.

The outputs of the PLM can produce a high voltage. Do not connect or disconnect loudspeaker/s while
the PLM is powered on. Never operate the PLM with any portion of bare loudspeaker wire exposed.

For speakON connector versions, do not use mating plugs without the rear covers in place.

8.1.1 Bridge Mode

Power outputs may be bridged on all PLM models by following the conguration instructions in the
Lake Controller Operation Manual (I/O CONFIG > OUTPUT CONFIGURATION) and the wiring instructions in
this chapter. Bridge Mode can only be activated/deactivated using the Lake Controller software.

When Bridge Mode is activated, CLASS 3 wiring is
required.

8.1. 2 speakON Connectors

Figure 8-1 shows a 2-channel PLM 14000 with speakON connections. speakON connections are also
available on the 4-channel PLM 10000Q and PLM 20000Q. Sections 8.1.2.1 and 8.1.2.2 describe the wiring,
pin-out and output conguration for the 2- and 4-channel models respectively.

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8.1.2 .1 2-Channel PLM speakON Connections

2-channel models provide both power output channels simultaneously on two 4-pole speakON connectors.
Both connectors carry both channels; the second connector offers the channels in reverse order.

SPEAKER OUTPUTS

1+/- CH 1+/­2+/- CH 2+/-

1+/- CH 2+/­2+/- CH 1+/-

Figure 8-2: speakON Connections for 2-channel PLMs

Pin No.

NL4 #1 Ch.

1 & 2

NL4 #2 Ch.

2 & 1

NL4 #1 Ch.

1 & 2

(Bridge Mode)

1+

Ch. 1 o/p + Ch. 2 o/p + Ch. 1 o/p +

1-

Ch. 1 o/p - Ch. 2 o/p -

2+

Ch. 2 o/p + Ch. 1 o/p +

2-

Ch. 2 o/p - Ch. 1 o/p - Ch. 2 o/p -

Table 8-1: speakON Wiring and Pinouts for 2-channel PLMs (incl. Bridge Mode)

NL4
PLM Output
Channels 1 & 2

NL4
PLM Output
Channels 2 & 1

BRIDGE MODE

NL4
PLM Output
Channels 1 & 2

1

1

1

2

2

Figure 8-3: speakON NL4 Congurations for 2-channel PLMs (incl. Bridge Mode)

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8.1.2.2 4-Channel PLM speakON Connections

On 4-channel models, the power outputs are simultaneously available on a single 8-pole speakON connec­tor, and on two 4-pole speakON connectors. The two 4-pole connectors carry the outputs of channels 1 & 2
and 3 & 4 respectively.

SPEAKER OUTPUTS

1+/- CH 1+/­2+/- CH 2+/-

1+/- CH 1+/­2+/- CH 2+/-

3+/- CH 3+/­4+/- CH 4+/-

1+/- CH 3+/­2+/- CH 4+/-

Figure 8-4: speakON Connections for 4-channel PLMs

Pin

No.

NL4 #1 Ch.

1 & 2

NL8 Ch.

1 - 4

NL4 #2 Ch.

3 & 4

1+

Ch. 1 o/p + Ch. 1 o/p + Ch. 3 o/p +

1-

Ch. 1 o/p - Ch. 1 o/p - Ch. 3 o/p -

2+

Ch. 2 o/p + Ch. 2 o/p + Ch. 4 o/p +

2-

Ch. 2 o/p - Ch. 2 o/p - Ch. 4 o/p -

3+

Ch. 3 o/p +

3-

Ch. 3 o/p -

4+

Ch. 4 o/p +

4-

Ch. 4 o/p -

Table 8-2: speakON wiring and pinouts for 4-channel PLMs

Pin

No.

NL4 #1 Ch.

1 & 2

NL8 Ch.

1 - 4

NL4 #2 Ch.

3 & 4

1+

Ch. 1 o/p + Ch. 1 o/p + Ch. 3 o/p +

1-

2+

2-

Ch. 2 o/p - Ch. 2 o/p - Ch. 4 o/p -

3+

Ch. 3 o/p +

3-

4+

4-

Ch. 4 o/p -

Table 8-3: speakON wiring and pinouts for 4-channel PLMs (Bridge Mode)

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3+

2-

4+

2+

1-

1+

4-

3-

1+

1-

2+

2-

3+

3-

4+

4-

NL4
PLM Output
Channels 1 & 2

NL4
PLM Output
Channels 3 & 4

NL8
PLM Output
Channels 1 - 4

Figure 8-5: speakON NL4/NL8 Conguration for 4-channel PLMs

3+

2-

4+

2+

1-

1+

4-

3-

1+

2 -

3+

4 -

NL4
PLM Output
Channels 1 & 2

NL4
PLM Output
Channels 3 & 4

NL8
PLM Output
Channels 1 - 4

Figure 8-6: speakON NL4/NL8 Conguration for 4-channel PLMs (Bridge Mode)

8.1.3 Binding Post Connectors

Binding post versions of the PLM are tted with four pairs of black and red 4 mm binding posts.

4-channel PLMs provide the output for one power output channel on each pair of binding posts as shown in
Figure 8-7.

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

CH 2

CH 1

CH 4

CH 3

CLASS 3 WIRING

SPEAKER OUTPUTS

_

+

+

+

+

_

_

_

Figure 8-7: Binding Post Conguration for 4-channel PLM

CH 2

CH 1

CH 4

CH 3

CLASS 3 WIRING

SPEAKER OUTPUTS

+

+

_

_

Figure 8-8: Binding Post Conguration for 4-channel PLM (Bridge Mode)

2-channel PLMs provide each power output channel from two pairs of binding posts as shown in Figure 8-9.

CH 1

CH 1

CH 2

CH 2

CLASS 3 WIRING

SPEAKER OUTPUTS

+

++

_

_

_

_

+

Figure 8-9: 2-channel PLM Binding Post Conguration

CH 1

CH 1

CH 2

CH 2

CLASS 3 WIRING

SPEAKER OUTPUTS

+

+

_

_

Figure 8-10: 2-channel PLM Binding Post Conguration (Bridge Mode)

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Connect the ‘+’ loudspeaker terminals to the red binding posts and the ‘ – ‘ terminals to the black binding
posts. There are three methods of connecting speaker cables to the binding posts.

1. Solder 4 mm banana-plugs to the ends of the speaker wires and plug into the center of the turrets.

2. Thread the stripped ends of the wires through the holes in the posts. Enter the wires for output
channels 1 and 3 from above and for channels 2 and 4 from below. Tighten the plastic turrets by
nger only, being careful not to overtighten.

3. Crimp 4 mm insulated spade terminals onto the ends of the wires and push into the binding post
assembly from above (Ch. 1 & 3) or below (Ch. 2 & 4). The hole in the post is ignored. Hand tighten
plastic turrets, being careful not to overtighten.

8.2 Analog Inputs and Outputs

8. 2.1 Analog Input and Link XLR Connections

Two electronically-balanced analog inputs are provided via latching XLR3F connections. The Link outputs on
XLR3M connectors are directly paralleled to the inputs.

INPUT 1 INPUT 2LINK

1 LINK 2

PIN 1: SCRN 2: POS 3: NEG

ANALOG WITH ISO-FLOAT

TM

Figure 8-11: Analog Input and Link XLR Connections

When linking analog inputs of several PLMs, consider that the drive capability of
the source’s output stage (e.g. mixing console) may be limited. Generally it is
inadvisable not to parallel link more than four inputs. If more links are required, use
a good quality balanced audio line driver or distribution amplier.

8.2.2 Analog & AES3 XLR Wiring and Pin Out

All XLR connections are wired to IEC268 as shown in Figure 8-12.

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Figure 8-12: IEC268 XLR Wiring and Pin Out

Pin 1: Ground / Shield
Pin 2: Hot (+)
Pin 3: Cold (-)

8.2.3 Unbalanced Operation

Balanced connections are recommended where possible. However, if it is necessary to drive the device
from equipment with an unbalanced output, wire the inputs as shown in Figure 8-13.

12

3

COLD

HOT

SCRN

COLD

HOT

SCRN

Unbalanced Output
(Typically phono)

Balanced Input
(XLR)

Figure 8-13: Balanced to Unbalanced Analog Wiring and Pin Out

The method shown in Figure 8-13 uses twin-and-screen (balanced) cable and standard XLR pin connections
at the PLM Series device end, with the cold wire and the cable screen connected to the signal ground of the
equipment at the source end.

This usually provides better noise and hum rejection than the more common method of joining pins 1 and
3 together in the XLR. However, if only a single-core (unbalanced) cable is available, the method shown in
Figure 8-14 may be used.

12

3

HOT

SCRN

HOT

SCRN

Unbalanced Output
(Typically phono)

Balanced Input
(XLR)

Figure 8-14: Unbalanced Analog Wiring and Pin Out

70

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8.2.4 Iso-Float Electronic Balancing

The analog input electronic balancing circuits use the Lake Iso-Float system.

The Iso-Float technology combines the benets of transformer-coupled isolation with the advantages of
clean, direct-coupled inputs. The audio converters are galvanically isolated, and not connected to the main
ground. High-quality transformers and opto-isolators create a barrier between the device and possible
grounding aberrations from the outside electrical environment.

Iso-Float settings are adjustable via the front panel menu or the Lake Controller software.

8.3 AES3 Digital I/O

8. 3.1 AES3 XLR Connector

AES3 digital audio input is via an XLR3F connector, which is directly paralleled to the adjacent XLR3M AES3
Link connector. Wiring of this connector follows the same standard as for analog XLR connections as shown
section 8.2.2.

AES/EBU

INPUT 1-2 LINK 1-2

Figure 8-15: AES3 XLR Input and Link Connectors

Figure 8-12 on page 69 shows the only possible method of wiring; there is no equivalent of an unbalanced
connection in the digital domain.

The AES3 signal format carries two channels of audio and associated data on a single cable/connector.
Selection of Ch 1 or Ch 2 is performed within the digital processing section of the PLM and is controlled
from the menu system. Please refer to section 7.11.3.1 for further details.

The AES3 Link connector may be used to daisy-chain the inputs of multiple PLMs together. Unlike daisy­chaining of analog inputs, attention must be paid to line termination. When daisy-chaining PLMs together,
only the last PLM in the chain should be set to TERMINATED. All other PLMs should be set to UNTERMI­NATED. When a PLM is powered off (disconnected from mains power) the AES3 input is UNTERMINATED.
Please refer to section 7.11.3.2 for further details.

As with balanced analog audio, there is a nite limit to how many PLMs may have their AES3 inputs daisy­chained together. The practical limit will be determined by cable type and length as well as the output circuit
of the driving source. It may be necessary to employ an AES3 line driver or distribution amplier to achieve
reliable results in some situations.

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Tests indicate that up to 20 PLMs may be have their
AES3 inputs daisy-chained together, however
circumstances and cabling used may reduce this
gure. Please refer to section 10.6.

8.4 RJ45 etherCON Network Connections

Two RJ45 etherCON style network connections are provided as shown in Figure 8-16.

Figure 8-16: etherCON Network Connectors

The switched 100/100 Base-T network connections auto-sense whether standard or crossover Cat-5e
cables are in use. The green ACT LED illuminates (ashes) to show network activity, and when a 100 Mbps
connection is present; the orange LED illuminates (static) to indicate a 1000 Mbps connection.

Pre-made cables with moulded RJ45 plugs are recommended. If it is necessary to make up custom Cat-5e
network cables, use pinout described in Table 8-4.

Pin No. Color

1 Brown

2 Brown + White

3 Green

4 Blue + White

5 Blue

6 Green + White

7 Orange

8 Orange + White

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Pin No. Color

1 Brown

2 Brown + White

3 Green

4 Blue + White

5 Blue

6 Green + White

7 Orange

8 Orange + White

Table 8-4: RJ45 Wiring & Pin Out Description

Figure 8-17: RJ45 Wiring and Pin Out Diagram

When the device is connected to an active network, the yellow LINK LED illuminates above the connector in
use. Data activity on the network is indicated by illumination of the green ACT LED. It is normal for the ACT
LED to icker either sporadically or continuously.

8. 4 .1 Primary Network Connection

The Primary Network connection is used for Lake Controller connectivity and Dante digital audio. Please
refer to section 4.2 for additional information.

8.4.2 Secondary Network Connection

The Secondary Network connection may be used for a redundant Dante digital audio network. Please refer
to section 4.2 for additional information.

8.5 Power Inlet

8. 5.1 Power Connector

A Neutrik NAC3 Series powerCON connector rated at 32 A is tted to the rear of the PLM for AC mains
input. The power cable (AC cord) supplied with the PLM has the mating connector ready-tted, but may
require a mains (AC) plug specic to your country to be tted to the other end. The wiring an pinout details
are shown in Table 8-5.

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

powerCON

Pin

230 V

Ver si on

115 V

Ver si on

L

Brown Black

N

Blue White

Green/Yellow Green

Table 8-5: powerCON Connector Wiring and Pinout

74

Appendix

PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

9. Appendix

9.1 Faults and Warnings Overview

Fault or warning conditions are indicated by the LED shown in Figure 7-3 on page 34, and also by LEDs
associated with the inputs and outputs on the PLM. As the LEDs indicate several types of faults or warn­ings, a brief textual description of the fault or warning is provided on the LCD display. Section 7.8.2 on page
34 details the fault and warning indications that appear on the front panel. Table 9-1 lists the events that
may have triggered each fault or warning condition.

Model Dis played Text Event Log Text Category Description

ALL AMP CH. MUTE Amp Channel Mute Mute The audio signal has been muted in the

power output stage.

ALL ANALOG IN

FAULT

Frame Fault: Analog Input Fault The analog input signal is corrupt due

to DC on the analog input, or there is an
issue with the internal A/D converter.

20000Q ATL ACTIVE N/A Warning The output power is limited due to high

amplier channel temperature - the amp
channel temperature limiter is active.

ALL AUDIO FAULT Frame Fault: Audio Interface Fault An internal audio fault has arisen and the

unit needs servicing.

20000Q BEL ACTIVE N/A Warning Breaker Emulation Limiter present as the

nominal current reached. Improve the
power distribution and adjust the BEL
settings.

ALL CAL ACTIVE n/a Fault Ensures that the PLM’s power output

stages are not overloaded. This should
never happen during normal program
material.

20000Q CHECK AC

MAINS

Frame fault: Check AC Mains Fault The PSU received unstable mains, check

the mains conguration.

ALL CLOCK SLIPPING AES Clock slipping Warning The AES or Dante clock is slipping; verify

clock selection / generator. This will
cause high THD on signal, and if Dante
is running will result in an unstable signal
distribution.

ALL CTRL OFFLINE N/A Warning The PLM is no longer able to communi-

cate with the Lake Controller.

ALL CURRENT CLIP n/a Clip PLM’s power output stage current has

exceeded the xed safe maximum and
the Current Peak Limiter has become
active to limit it.

ALL INPUT CLIP n/a Clip The input signal level is too high and is

causing clipping at the input stage

Appendix

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

Model Dis played Text Event Log Text Category Description

ALL INPUT MUTE Input Mute Mute The audio signal has been muted at the

input router of the Lake Processor.

ALL LM PREC. LOW Speakersafe precision low Warning A SpeakerSafe warning indicating insuf-

cient data to produce reliable results.
This may occur, for example, if a channel
is being driven at a very low level.

ALL LOAD NOT VER LoadSmart: Load Not Veried Warning A Module containing a Fingerprint has

been loaded, but the load is yet to be
veried with LoadSmart.

20000Q MAINS <65 V Frame fault: PSU mains <65 V Fault Mains input voltage is below 65 Volts

RMS.

20000Q MAINS >270 V Frame fault: PSU mains >270 V Fault Mains input voltage is above 270 Volts

RMS.

20000Q MAINS >400 VPK Frame fault: PSU mains >400

VPK

Fault Mains input voltage is above 400 Volts

Peak.

20000Q MAINS GLITCH Glitch on mains voltage

detected

Warning A glitch (missing cycles) on mains input

was detected.

ALL MOD. IN MUTE Module Input Mute Mute The audio signal has been muted at the

Module input of the Lake processor.

ALL MOD. OUT MUTE Module Output Mute Mute The audio signal has been muted in the

output stage of the Lake processor.

ALL MODULE CLIP n/a Clip The signal level on the outputs of the

Lake processing module is too high and
is clipping.

ALL NAME CONFLICT Dante device name conict Warning There are multiple devices with identical

Dante device names; change the device
name to ensure unique.

ALL n/a LoadSmart Verication Event LoadSmart load verication is in

progress.

ALL n/a Sound Source Changed Event The input router has changed sound

source.

20000Q NEED SERVICE:1 Frame fault: Need Service: 1 Fault Service required, contact your dealer.

20000Q NEED SERVICE:2 Frame fault: Need Service: 2 Fault Service required, contact your dealer.

20000Q NEED SERVICE:3 Frame fault: Need Service: 3 Fault Service required, contact your dealer.

20000Q NEED SERVICE:4 Frame fault: Need Service: 4 Fault Service required, contact your dealer.

20000Q NEED SERVICE:5 Frame fault: Need Service: 5 Fault Service required, contact your dealer.

20000Q NEED SERVICE:6 Frame fault: Need Service: 6 Fault Service required, contact your dealer.

20000Q NEED SERVICE:7 Frame fault: Need Service: 7 Fault Service required, contact your dealer.

20000Q NEED SERVICE:8 Frame fault: Need Service: 8 Fault Service required, contact your dealer.

ALL NO INPUT No Input Source Fault The chosen input type has been

deselected or lost and the input type
selector has no alternative input sources
in the priority list.

ALL NO LOAD Channel Fault: No Load

Detected

Fault No load detected at the power output

channel.

76

Appendix

PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

Model Dis played Text Event Log Text Category Description

ALL OFFLINE Frame Ofine Warning The Lake Controller cannot communicate

with this Lake device.

ALL OVER SPKR CNT Over Speaker Count Warning A lower load impedance has been

measured than was predicted by the
Load Library for the assigned speaker
type.

10000Q
14000

PAL ACTIVE n/a Fault Total amplier power being delivered has

exceeded the safe maximum value and
the PAL has become active.

20000Q PAL ACTIVE n/a Warning Output power is limited due to the PSU

maximum current or power level has
been reached and PAL has become
active.

ALL PSU FAULT Frame Fault: PSU Undervoltage Fault The Power supply did not start up

properly. It could be due to undervoltage
on the mains or due to an internal non
user-serviceable fault. If the mains are
checked to be OK and the fault persists
the unit should be returned to your
dealer.

20000Q PSU POWER

PROT

Frame Fault: PSU Power
Protect

Fault Low input voltage, high power demand.

20000Q PTL ACTIVE N/A Warning The output power is limited due high

temperature in the Power supply and the
PSU Temperature Limiter is active

ALL SENSE FAULT Frame warning: Sense Fault Warning The output Voltage and Current sensors

are lost. The PLM is OK for continued
operation but is at risk of entering
protective mutes states. Return device
to dealer.

ALL SERVICE CH. Channel Fault: Unit Needs

Service

Fault One or more breakers in the power stage

have blown. This is not a user-servicable
fault; return device to dealer.

ALL SHORT CIRCUIT Channel Fault: Short Circuit

Protection

Fault The PLM is measuring both very high

load current and very low output voltage.
Short circuit protection is active.

ALL SPKSAFE INACT SpeakerSafe Not Started Warning Warns that after LoadSmart verication,

SpeakerSafe monitoring was not started.

ALL TEMP FLT:CH Temp Fault: Amp Channel Fault Temperature in the power output stage

exceeds safety limit.

ALL TE M P FLT: DSP Temp Fault: DSP Area Fault The temperature of the PLM’s process-

ing circuitry has exceeded its safety
limit. Audio is not muted, but continued
operation at this temperature is not
recommended.

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

Model Dis played Text Event Log Text Category Description

ALL TEMP FLT:MAG Temp Fault: Speaker Magnet Fault The temperature of the speaker magnet

estimated by SpeakerSafe, has exceeded
the manufacturers’ recommended
maximum.

ALL TE M P FLT:P S U Temp Fault: Power Supply Unit Fault The temperature of the PLM’s PSU has

exceeded its safety limit.

ALL TE M P FLT:VC Temp Fault: Speaker Voice Coil Fault The temperature of the speaker voice

coil (estimated by SpeakerSafe) has
exceeded the manufacturers’ recom­mended maximum.

ALL TEMP WARN:

PSU

Temp warning: Power Supply
Unit

Warning High temperature in the Power Supply

Unit.

ALL TEMP WARN:CH Temp Warning: Amp Channel Warning High temperature in the power output

stage.

ALL TEMP

WARN:MAG

Temp Warning: Speaker
Magnet

Warning The temperature of the speaker magnet

is high (estimated by SpeakerSafe).

ALL TEMP WARN:VC Temp Warning: Speaker

Voice-Coil

Warning The temperature of the speaker voice

coil is high (estimated by SpeakerSafe).

ALL UNCERTAIN

LOAD

Uncertain About Load Type Warning When speaker Fingerprints are taken a

tolerance band is also dened to take
into account production variations. If
LoadSmart results lie in this band a
Load uncertainty warning results. The
user should re- check the load and if
all appears to be correct it is likely that
normal operation will result.

ALL UNDER SPKR

CNT

Under Speaker Count Warning A higher load impedance has been

measured than was predicted by the
Load Library for the assigned speaker
type.

20000Q UVL ACTIVE N/A Warning The Under Voltage limiter is active as the

mains supply has fallen between 65 and
80 Volts. Output power is descreased to
ensure mains distribution does not sag.

ALL VHF FAULT Channel Fault: Very High

Frequency

Fault An exceptionally high level of continuous

HF has been detected at the PLM’s
power output stage.

ALL VOLTAGE CLIP n/a Fault The peak voltage at the output terminals

has exceeded the user-dened safe
maximum.

ALL WRONG LOAD Load Type / Routing Mismatch Fault LoadSmart is measuring load charac-

teristics which differ from those of the
assigned speaker type.

Table 9-1: Warning, Fault and Mute Indications (alphabetical by LCD Text / Event Log Text)

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Appendix

PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

9.2 Maintenance

During normal operation this devices provides trouble-free service. If the LCD or front panel display requires
cleaning, use a soft cloth only; do not use solvent cleaners. The dust lters on both sides of the front panel,
behind the grilles, should occasionally be removed and cleaned to ensure maximum airow through the
device.

Disconnect the unit from mains power prior to removing dust the lter, and ensure the dust lter is
replace prior to turning the unit back on.

Do not use sharp or metal objects to remove the dust lter, and be careful that the implement used to
remove the lter does not enter the device.

In extreme cases it may be necessary to clean the inside of the device. This procedure should only be
carried out by qualied service personnel. This may be necessary if the device has had prolonged operation
in an extreme environment such as one where cracked oil smoke machines are in use. If the device is used
in extreme conditions, it is recommended to have it serviced every three years as a preventative measure.

9.3 Factory Default Settings

9.3 .1 Module Defaults

Module Type: 2 x 2 Aux
Mod Input Mute: On
Mod Output Mutes: Off
Gain: 0 dB (unity)
Delay: 0 ms
Polarity: Positive (In phase)
MaxRMS: 20 dB
MaxPeak: 21 dB

Amp Gain: 35 dB

ISVPL: 153 V [PLM 10000Q]
193 V [PLM 14000]
194 V [PLM 20000Q]

Input & Output EQ: Flat

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

9.3.2 Input and Router Defaults

Autoselect: On
Input sensitivity: +26 dBu
Dante: Disabled
AES3: Terminated
Iso-Float: Enabled

Router 1: Priority 1 = Dante Receiver (Ch.1)
Priority 2 = Empty
Priority 3 = AES1 (Ch.1)
Priority 4 = Analog 1

Router 2: Priority 1 = Dante Receiver (Ch.2)
Priority 2 = Empty
Priority 3 = AES1 (Ch.2)
Priority 4 = Analog 2

9.3.3 Amplier and Device Defaults

Attenuation: 0 dB
Polarity: Positive (In phase)
Mutes: Unmuted
Load Model: No Load Model
Breaker Emulation Limiter: 32 A - Breaker Fast (PLM 20000Q only)
IP Conguration: Auto Zero Conf. (Auto IP)
Dual Redundancy: Disabled
Dante Slave Only: Enabled

9.4 Current Draw and Thermal Dissipation Specications

The tables in this section provide measured current consumption and calculated heat dissipation for ve
different operating conditions for each PLM Series device.

1. Standby Mode

2. Power On (Idle - No Signal)

3. Power On (Normal Operation - Pink Noise 1/8 of Rated Power)

4. Power On (Heavy Duty Operation - Pink Noise Max Power) - Not available for PLM 20000Q

5. Power On (Pilot Tone Operation - 20 kHz Sine Wave)

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Current Draw and Thermal Dissipation

PLM

™

Series: Powered Loudspeaker Management

™

PLM 20000Q

Level Load Rated power Line current [A] Power factor [%] Measur ed Power [ W] Thermal Dissipation

In Out Dissipated BTU/hr kCal/hr

Mains voltage 100 VAC 30A

Standby 0,4 50,6 18 0 18 61 15

Power On , Idling 2,3 95,4 223 0 223 763 192

Pink pseudo
noise*1)

16 Ω / Ch. 11 50 x 4 12, 5 98,9 123 7 575 662

2260 569

8 Ω / Ch. 2350 x 4 22,6 99,0 2237 1175 10 62

3623 913

4 Ω / Ch. 4400 x 4 30,0 9 9,0 2970 14 87 14 83

5060 1275

2,67 Ω / Ch. 5000 x 4 30,0 9 9,0 2970 14 31 15 39

5252 1323

2 Ω / Ch. 4800 x 4 30,0 9 9,0 2970 1335 1635

5579 140 6

Sine 20 k Hz 16 Ω / Ch. 1 x 4 2,5 9 6,1 239 4 235 801 202

Mains voltage 120 VAC 30A

Standby 0,3 47,1 18 0 18 61 15

Power On , Idling 2,0 94,9 223 0 223 763 192

Pink pseudo
noise*1)

16 Ω / Ch. 11 50 x 4 10,1 98,7 1193 575 618 2109 531

8 Ω / Ch. 2350 x 4 1 8,1 99,0 2156 11 75 981 3349 844

4 Ω / Ch. 4400 x 4 30,0 9 9,0 3564 1926 1638 5591 140 8

2,67 Ω / Ch. 5000 x 4 30,0 9 9,0 3564 1816 174 8 5967 1503

2 Ω / Ch. 4800 x 4 30,0 9 9,0 3564 1687 1877 6406 1614

Sine 20 k Hz 16 Ω / Ch. 1 x 4 2 ,1 95,3 239 4 235 8 01 202

Mains voltage 20 8 VAC 17,3 A

Standby 0,3 28,7 18 0 18 61 15

Power On , Idling 1,2 8 8,1 223 0 223 763 192

Pink pseudo
noise*1)

16 Ω / Ch. 11 50 x 4 6,7 98,5 1372 575 797 2720 685

8 Ω / Ch. 2350 x 4 10, 6 99,0 2192 1175 1017 3472 875

4 Ω / Ch. 4400 x 4 17, 3 99,0 3562 18 95 1668 5692 1434

2,67 Ω / Ch. 5000 x 4 17, 3 9 9,0 3562 1764 1798 6138 1546

2 Ω / Ch. 4800 x 4 17, 3 99,0 3562 16 91 1871 6386 1609

Sine 20 k Hz 16 Ω / Ch. 1 x 4 1, 3 90,2 239 4 235 801 202

Mains voltage 23 0 VAC 16 A

Standby 0,3 25 ,1 18 0 18 61 15

Power On , Idling 1,1 8 7,9 223 0 223 76 3 192

Pink pseudo
noise*1)

16 Ω / Ch. 11 50 x 4 5,2 98,2 118 3 575 608 2076 523

8 Ω / Ch. 2350 x 4 9 ,1 99,0 2078 1175 903 3083 777

4 Ω / Ch. 4400 x 4 16,0 9 9,0 3643 2093 155 0 5291 1333

2,67 Ω / Ch. 5000 x 4 16,0 9 9,0 3643 2073 1570 5359 1350

2 Ω / Ch. 4800 x 4 16,0 9 9,0 3643 1904 173 9 5934 1495

Sine 20 kHz 16 Ω / Ch. 1 x 4 1,2 88,2 239 4 235 801 202

Mains connector - 230 V CE version / 23 0 V ETL vers ion / 115 V ETL versi on 32 A, Neutrik

®

powerCON® Twist lock

*1) Pink pseudo noise a t 1/8th of rated powe r or at maximum availa ble line current for the given m ains dist ribution

Table 9-2: PLM 20000Q Current Draw and Thermal Dissipation

Appendix

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

PLM 14000

Level Load Rated power Line Cu rren t *2) Wat t *1) Thermal Dissipation

120 VAC 230 VAC In Out Dissipated BTU/hr kCal/hr

Standby 12 0 12 42 11

Powered on, idling. 116 0 116 395 100

Amp (I) Watt

Pink noise (1/8
rate d power)

16 Ω / Ch. 11 50 x 2 8.5 4.4 603 288 315 1077 271

8 Ω / Ch. 2300 x 2 13.7 7.2 10 23 575 448 1529 385

4 Ω / Ch. 4400 x 2 23.4 12.2 183 8 1100 738 2518 634

2.67 Ω / Ch. 6200 x 2 30.0 15.7 2410 1550 860 2935 739

2 Ω / Ch.

*4)

7000 x 2 34.0 17. 8 2767 17 5 0 1 017 3471 874

Pink noise
(max power)
*3)

16 Ω / Ch. 11 50 x 2 14 .1 7.4 10 40 575 465 158 8 400

8 Ω / Ch. 2300 x 2 23.7 12 .4 183 4 115 0 684 2334 588

4 Ω / Ch. 4400 x 2 30.0 16.0 24 48/2502 15 69/1606 879/897 2999/3060 75 6/ 771

2.67 Ω / Ch. 6200 x 2 30.0 16 .0 2544/2601 1593 /16 30 9 51/971 3247/3 313 818 /8 35

2 Ω / Ch. 7000 x 2 30.0 16.0 2623/2682 1626/16 64 9 97/ 1017 3403/3473 8 57/ 875

20 kHz
Surveillance
tone

16 Ω / Ch. 1 x 2 2.3 1.2 119 2 117 400 101

Mains connector - 2 30 V CE version / 23 0 V ETL version / 115 V ETL version 32 A, Neutrik

@

PowerCon@ Twist lock

*1) The ampli  er section’s PSU operates as a non -resistive load, so the calculation “Volts x Amps = Wat ts” would not b e correct. Instead, measure d
and speci ed here is w hat is known as the “Active Power” of the ampli er sec tion providing useful, real-world values of power consumption and heat
dissipation.

*2) Current draw  gures measured at 230 V. 115 V  gures are converted from 230 V  gures.

*3) Figures measured at maximum sustainable power without tripping the mains breaker. Liste d separately for 30 A /115 V and 16 A/230 V operation.
Note that the max. power condition is ver y extreme and will not occur dur ing normal operation. Als o note that the mains breaker will not be tripped even
if operation is momentarily in exces s of max. ratings.

*4) Italics used for conditions that, if sustained over long time periods, may trigger the mains breaker. Therefore these measurements should not be
used when calculating cooling requirements as they cannot be sustained by the mains breaker over time.

Table 9-3: PLM 14000 Current Draw and Thermal Dissipation

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PLM Series Operation Manual Rev 1.3.5

PLM 10000Q

Level Load Rated power Line Current *2) Wat t *1) Thermal Dissipation

120 VAC 23 0 VAC In Out Dissipated BTU/hr kC al/hr

Standby 4.8 0 4.8 16 4

Powered on, idling. 145 0 14 5 496 12 5

Amp (I) Watt

Pink noise (1/8
rate d power)

16 Ω / Ch. 660 x 4 9.3 4.8 687 330 357 1218 307

8 Ω / Ch. 130 0 x 4 16. 3 8.5 12 50 650 600 2048 516

4 Ω / Ch. 2300 x 4 25.2 13 .2 2014 1150 864 2949 743

2.67 Ω / Ch. 2700 x 4 31. 3 16.4 2553 1350 120 3 4106 10 34

2 Ω / Ch. 2350 x 4 29.2 15.2 23 41 117 5 116 6 3980 10 03

Pink noise
(max power)
*3)

16 Ω / Ch. 660 x 4 14 .7 7.7 1098 660 438 149 5 377

8 Ω / Ch. 130 0 x 4 26.0 13. 6 204 9 13 00 74 9 2556 644

4 Ω / Ch. 2300 x 4 45.8 23.9 3746 230 0 144 6 4935 12 43

2.67 Ω / Ch. 2700 x 4 52.5 27. 4 4420 270 0 1720 5870 1479

2 Ω / Ch. 2350 x 4 51,0 26.6 4179 2350 1829 6242 1573

20 kHz
Surveillance
tone

16 Ω / Ch. 1 x 4 2.7 1. 4 16 0 4 15 6 532 134

16 Ω / Ch. 0.25 x 4 2.5 1.3 14 9 1 148

505 127

Mains connector - 230 V CE version / 23 0 V ETL version / 115 V ETL version 32 A , Neutrik

@

PowerCon@ Twist lock

*1) The power output sec tion’s PSU operates as a non- resistive load, so the calculation “Volts x Amps = Watts” would not be correct. Instead,
measure d and spec i ed here is what is know n as the “Active Power” of the power output section p roviding useful, real-world values of power
consumption and heat dissipation.

*2) Current draw  gures measured at 230 V. 115 V  gures are converted from 230 V  gures.

*3) Figures measured at maximum sustainable power without tripp ing the mains breaker. Listed separately for 30 A/115 V and 16 A /23 0 V operation.
Note that the max. power condition is ver y extreme and will not occur during norm al operation. Also note that the mains bre aker will not b e tripped
even if operation is momentarily in excess of max. ratings.

Table 9-4: PLM 10000Q Current Draw & Thermal Dissipation

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9.5 Glossary of Terms, Acronyms and Abbreviations

The explanations given in Table 9-5 below are based on the specic use of each term in this manual. The
denitions are not intended to be exhaustive and many of these terms have wider meanings.

Ter m Description

100/1000 Base-T

100/1000 Ba se-T is IT industry-spe ak for different standards of Ethernet network. This term i ncorpo rates 100 Ba se-T X, which operates
at 100 Mb ps, and 100 0 Base -T which ope rates at 100 0 Mbps (1 Gbps).

Access Point

See Wireless Acc ess Point.

Auto-Sensing

The Ethernet ports automati cally dete rmine the ba se speed of the network t hey are conne cted to (10 Base -T or 100 Bas e-T) a nd
congure themselves appropriately. This is termed auto-sensing.

Auto-Uplink

The Ethernet ports can oper ate with either straight or crossed n etwork c ables; the ab ility to co nnect cor rectly wi th either t ype is term ed
auto-uplinking.

Auxiliary Output

Some of the congur ations pos sible in the L ake processing system Modules re sult in a single audio processing ch annel bein g created in
additi on to a crossove r. This is terme d an Auxilia ry outp ut.

Backbone

Large Et hernet net works are of ten implem ented with a ver y high sp eed “trunk ” part of the network to pology fe eding main switches,
which in tu rn suppor t smalle r, lower-spe ed local networks. T he term bac kbone is used to descr ibe such a tru nk.

Bandwidth

The ban dwidth of a si gnal chan nel or interco nnection is the range of frequencies it is able to h andle. Th e term can be a pplied to both
audio channels and Ethernet networks.

BEL

Availab le on PLM 20 00 0Q devic es only, the Bre aker Emulati on Limiter ( BEL) prov ides functionalit y to emulate a br eaker, with user
adjustable characteristics.

Breaker

A breaker (in relation to BEL conguration) is a vi rtual fuse providin g three breaker emulation s ettings ( Conser vative, Fa st & Univers al).

Cat-5e/Cat- 6, etc.

Design ations of ind ustry -standard cabl es suitable for Ethernet networks using four t wisted pai rs of conduc tors. Of ten referred to a s UTP
cable ( Unscreened Twisted Pair ). Cat-5 has genera lly been rep laced by C at-5 e (e = ‘enhanced ’). Either Cat-5e or Cat- 6 cable are suita ble
for netwo rking La ke and Lab.g ruppen de vices.

Chain

An Ethernet network comprising several devices interconnected using the Secondary connectors to daisy-chain the units together is an
example of a n etwork wi th a chain top ology.

Clock

Digital audio is pro duced by sampling an alog audio a t a known, xed rate, controlled by som e form of maste r clock. P roblems c an occur
when interconnecti ng two pieces of digit al audio equipment if th eir internal master clo cks are not syn chronized . Various techniques may
be emplo yed to ensure that this is the case.

CPL

An abbreviation for Current Peak Limiter, a Lab .gruppe n protectio n technique which ensures that the amplier’s output tran sistors ca n
never atte mpt to delive r more than their rated cur rent.

Crossed Network Cable

An Ether net cable i n which four of t he eight con ductors (p ins 1, 2, 5 & 6) are not w ired pin-to- pin. Such a c able is req uired in conve ntional
IT netw orks to conne ct two PC s together w ithout us ing a hub or swi tch. The auto-up link feature of the Ethernet ports al lows crossed
cables to be used if wi shed. See a lso Straig ht network c able.

Dante

A new- generat ion audio data protoco l develope d by Audinate® Pty Lt d, allowin g multicha nnel high -resolution digi tal audio p lus control
data to be transmitted via stan dard IT- industr y networks using TCP/ IP data p ackets. Th e Lake processing system integrate d within the
PLM inc ludes a dual-red undant Dante network interface , providing d igital au dio inputs and output s via Ether net.

dBu

dBu’s are usua lly used ins tead of volt ages to desc ribe sign al levels in aud io systems . A signal leve l of 0 dBu may be taken as 0,775 Vr ms.

Delay

Up to two se conds of delay may be added to the inpu t and/or o utput cha nnels to time -align loudsp eaker arrays.

Digital Gain Offset

Digital gain offs et is effect ively a ‘ne’ gain adjus tment per formed in th e digital d omain, which can be ap plied to dig ital inpu t signals to
optimize the signal to the gain structure.

Distribution Amplier

A distribution amp lier (usu ally abbreviated to DA ) is an audio b uffer sta ge – usually w ith zero gain – w ith one input and several outputs.
Mono, ste reo and AES 3 digit al versions c an be obta ined. Use of a DA to feed a signal to several destinations e nsures cor rect impedance
matching and isolat ion betwe en source and destinations.

Dual-Network Topology

A network topology consisting of two (usually) identical networks, one connecting to the Primary Ethernet ports and the other to the
Secon dary po rts. Al though mo re complex to im plement , the advant age of using a d ual- network system is one of gr eatly improved
reliability as one complete network remains operational if the other should fail.

Dynamic Function

Buttons

The eigh t buttons around the front panel disp lay are terme d dynamic function b uttons be cause thei r function varies dep ending up on
which display pag e is currentl y on-s creen.

Electronic Balancing

In the anal og domain , balance d inputs an d outputs m ay be provid ed on audio e quipment either by the us e of transfor mers or via
electronic balancing circuits.

Event Log

The details of any fault or warning c onditions which arise in the devic e during op eration are recorded i n a data le created by the L ake
Control ler soft ware calle d the Event Lo g.

Fault

A Fault in th e device oc curs when one of the oper ating para meters exceeds pre- determin ed safety l evels, or whe n a conditi on is
detected that other wise seri ously affe cts the per forman ce. Some fault condit ions may resu lt in one or all of t he channel s being mute d.

Fingerprint

The Lake Controlle r comes inc ludes a Loa dLibrary consisting of dat a describ ing the elec trical ch aracteristics of co mmonly-used
loudsp eakers. The le for eac h speaker type is terme d its Finge rprint.

FIR Filter

Finite Impuse Respo nse Filter. An alternative design of cro ssover lte r realisab le in the digi tal domai n, providi ng linear ph ase
charac teristic s. FIR lter ing is provided in all La ke devices.

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Ter m Description

Floating

An analog balanc ed input or output is sai d to be oati ng when full electric al isolati on exists be tween that input or out put and the
equipment connected to it. Transformer-coupled inputs and outputs are inherently oating. Electronically balanced inputs and outputs
can never b e truly o ating, tho ugh bette r designs – su ch as that foun d in the PLM - d o mimic the characteristics of transformer- coupl ed
designs to a high degre e.

Frame

Lake terminology fo r a physical unit containing a Lake pr ocessing system, i.e. a s ingle LM 26 , PLM or le gacy Lake Processo r.

Frame ID

An elec tronic identicat ion ‘labe l’ which c an be given to each Frame in an amplic ation system. Naming Frames in a large system is
desirable as it simp lies ide ntication in the L ake Controll er.

Frame Preset

Frame Pre sets are a clas s of Presets w ithin the L ake process ing system. U p to 100 can be s tored in the ha rdware device, and eac h holds
the complete conguration of all Modules and the Modules’ internal settings.

Gigabit Ethernet

Descri bes the spe ed of Ethernet data tran sfer for devic es that tran smit Ether net frames at a r ate of a gigabit per second, as den ed by
the IEEE 802.3-2 008 standard.

Hub

A type of n etwork interface d evice with m ultiple Ethernet por ts. Dat a arrivin g at any port i s sent to all others. Hubs have been large ly
replaced by Switches.

In-Rush Current

When power is applied to a piece of el ectronic e quipment , the initia l current take n by the PSU c an be very h igh as the var ious capacitors
in the circuitry ch arge up; this is c alled the i n-ru sh current. I n the case of power ampliers, which contain numerous ver y large
capac itors, the in-rush current ca n be enough to b low mains br eakers. Th e PLM’s PS U contains c ircuitr y to control th e in-r ush current to
prevent this.

Input Level

The amplitude of an au dio signal a t the point wh ere it is appl ied to the inpu t of the devic e, or at the input of an interme diate stag e within
it. An an alog input s ignal level w ill be expressed in dBu’s, w hile a digit al input signal level in d BfS (dBs below digit al clip level; f S =
full-scale)

IP Address

Every item of equipm ent connec ted to an Ethernet network has a unique a ddress called the IP ad dress, so that data get s to the corre ct
place. I P addresses are written as four grou ps of three dec imal numbers between 0 and 255 . In a system consisting of L ake Proces sors
and a Lake C ontroller t hey are assig ned and detected automa tically.

IP Subnet Mask

IP subnet m asks are required in all IP net works. T he subnet is d etermined b y the size and t ype of netw ork being us ed. For small
networ ks (less tha n 254 add resses) a sub net mask of 25 5.25 5.255.0 can be u sed. (A Class C network).

Iso-Float

Iso- Float is Lake’s propr ietary m ethod of electronic balancing , which provides a par ticularl y high level of i solation a nd immunit y from
ground loops.

ISVPL

ISVP L is an abbrev iation for I nter-Sample Voltag e Peak Limi ter, a proprietary Lab .gruppe n technique for ensuring t hat volta ge at the
output te rminals of a P LM does not exceed a pre -deter mined level . Eight ISV PL prol es provide the abilit y to congure for low distor tion
or high SP L specic to certain frequen cy ranges , or for univer sal use.

Lake Controller

The Lake Controlle r is the soft ware appl ication used to control LM 26 Proc essors, P LM Serie s and other Lake devices. This soft ware
application provides additional functionality and allows various grouping functions for simultaneous control of multiple Lake Processing­enabled devices.

Latency

The smal l but nite de lay incurred by audio signals when t hey are transformed into th e digital d omain, pro cessed di gitally a nd then
conver ted back into a nalog signals. In the L ake system, l atency is assured to be con stant.

Legacy Lake Device

This term refers to older L ake audio e quipment w hich may form part of an au dio system (i.e. Lake Co ntour Pro 26 , Lake Mesa Q uad EQ
and the Do lby Lake Pro cessor). T he Lake Co ntroller ha s the capability to co ntrol all Lake legacy p roducts .

LimiterMax

Limiter Max is the name given to L ake’s propriet ary package of dyn amics cont rol which forms part of t he Lake Processing sy stem.

Line Driver

An analog audio amp lier, usually with zero g ain, havin g very low ou tput impe dance and high drive c apabili ty. They are used for transm it­ting bal anced analog audio ove r very lon g cables.

Linear Phase Crossover

See FIR Filters.

Load Library

The Lake Controlle r includes LoadLibrary, a set of M odule le s speci c to the PLM Se ries. These Modules include a d atabase o f the
electr ical char acterist ics of vario us popular loudspeakers in add ition to the st andard Module dat a. The PLM uses the loa d data when
verifying and mon itoring amp lier lo ads. See Fingerpr int, Load Smart an d Speaker Safe.

Load, equal/unequal

The PL M draws dif ferent current levels from th e AC supply, and t hus has dif ferent power r atings according to whether all ch annels of the
ampli er are driv ing into the same load impedance, or if there are dif ferent impedances o n different c hannels.

LoadSmart

LoadS mart is a lo ad veric ation pro cedure wit hin the PLM w hich allow s the operator to conrm that each P LM output h as the correct
quantit y and ty pe of speaker c onnected to it. It is intend ed to be used p re-p erform ance prior to running Sp eakerSa fe.

Loop-Thru

This term refers to the Lin k connecto rs provide d on the PLM fo r daisy- chaini ng furthe r ampliers or other equipment. T he use of these to
connec t further d evices is te rmed a loop -thru.

MAC Address

In addit ion to an IP add ress, ever y device on a n Ethernet ne twork has a M AC addre ss. This ad dress is xe d at the time of ma nufacture,
and is effe ctively the permane nt identi er of the physical unit. M AC stand s for Media A ccess Co ntrol

MaxPeak

Lake’s LimiterMax pro vides ind ependent d ynamic s control over s ignal pea ks (MaxP eak) and th e average signal level (M axRMS ).

MaxRMS

See Max Peak.

Module

The term u sed in the La ke Controller to describe the virtual set of signal proces sing that rou tes an audio input to the var ious frequ ency­weighted o utputs of a crossover. The processing system within the device allows for t wo Modules, each of whi ch may be ass igned a
range of crossover congurations, input sources, etc.

Module Preset

A class of P reset within the Lake processing system. A Modu le Preset (M odule le) contains a ll the con guration d ata and set tings for
one Module, and is saved in the Lake C ontroller software, not in the hardware device.

Ofine

A device on an Ethernet network which is not communicating with the res t of the netwo rk either du e to a fault or intentionally i s said to
be ofine.

Online

A device on an Ethernet network which is fully o peration al and communicatin g with the rest o f the networ k is said to be on line.

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Ter m Description

PAL

An abbreviation for Power Averag e Limiter, PAL is p roprieta ry Lab. gruppen c ircuit whi ch provide s additional amplier protect ion. The
PAL ensure s that the powe r drawn by the P SU from the AC mains doe s not exceed the m ains breaker ratings.

Parallel

Two or more e.g. in puts whic h are wired tog ether so that a ll inputs are connecte d to the same source are said to b e paralleled. Sign al
levels wil l be reduced if too many inp uts are para lleled; in th e case of AE S3, this m ay result in a co mplete loss of audio.

Parameter

Any cont rol function which ca n be adjuste d by the user to one of several dif ferent valu es is termed a p arameter. For ex ample, inp ut level,
gain, de lay, and limiter t hreshold are all parameters.

Pass-Through Cable

See Stra ight netwo rk cable.

PFC

Power Fac tor Correction. PF C reduces c urrent peaks on the lines a nd reduces t he requirements place d on the mains d istribu tion system .

Ping

Ping is a ter m coined by the IT indust ry to the pro cedure of sending a comm and over a net work to a par ticular Et hernet dev ice asking i t
to conr m its identi ty and pos sibly reply with add itional information . Thus an Lake device on th e network c an be pinged from the Lake
Control ler; on rece ipt of the ‘ping ’, the hi-inte nsity wh ite LED on the f ront panel illuminates. R everse pinging is also p ossible, w hereby
the ping is i nstigated from Lake har dware device and a visua l identi cation of th e process or register s in the Lake Controller so ftware.

Preset

A comple te frame conguratio n that is store d in the devic e hardware.

Primary Ethernet Port

The Primary Ethernet port on the is the means of connecting the device to a network. See also Secondary Ethernet Port.

PSU

Abbrev iation of Power Supply Unit. The P SU in any item of e lectroni c equipment convert s the AC mains into a set of interna l DC voltages
which run the electronic assemblies themselves.

RJ45

RJ45 connections are the industry- standard connectors for Ethernet ports.

Router

As far as networks of th e type discussed in t his manual are concern ed, see Swi tch.

Secondary Ethernet Port

The Sec ondar y Ethernet p ort can b e used eithe r as a daisy- chain output, re peating the network c onnecti on at the Prim ary por t, or for th e
connection of a separate second network for full redundancy.

Short Circuit Protection

A Lab.gruppen pro prietar y protect ive circuit d esigned to mute a channel w hen a shor t circuit is detected at its output terminals to
prevent damage to the dev ice.

SpeakerSafe

Once ac tivated, S peakerS afe consta ntly monito rs the voltage and current at the PLM’s outputs . Using Fing erprint d ata, the sof tware
then cal culates parameters suc h as voice co il and magne t temperatu res, provid ing the ope rator with re al-tim e perfor mance mon itoring.
See LoadLibrary.

speakON

An indus trial-quali ty louds peaker con nector manufactured by Neutrik . 4-p ole (2 speakers) and 8 -po le (4 speake rs) version s are tted to
various versions of th e PLM.

St ar Topo log y

A networ k topolog y which use s a network sw itch to connect to indiv idual La ke devices. E ach devic e connect s to one por t on the switch
with its own cable, t hus the netw ork looks li ke a star when drawn as a diag ram with the switch at the c entre.

Straight Network Cable

A Cat- 5/6 net work cable with full pin-to -pin c onnecti ons is called a straight network c able. Lake d evices ca n connect to a n etwork us ing
either straight or crossed network cables.

Subsystem

It is poss ible when wo rking wit h large net worked syste ms to store sele cted comp onents of the s ystem into a Sub system. Th is is useful
if workin g on a tour that e ncompas ses both lar ge and mid -sized ven ues. The same core Lake Controlle r data can t hen be used for a
reduced number of L ake devices .

Super Module

A Super M odule is a vir tual con struct th at can be realized within t he Lake Con troller, allow ing a set of Mod ules in dif ferent Frame s to be
treated as a s ingle Mod ule.

Switch (Ethernet)

An Ether net switch al lows several Ethernet dev ices to be co nnected to a network using a star topo logy. More intelligent th an the earli er
hubs whic h they now largely repla ce, they route packets of data only to the units for whic h they are intend ed, and als o perfor m other
system housekeeping and control functions.

System Preset

A class of P reset within the Lake Pro cessing sy stem, System Presets all ow Module o r Frame conguratio ns and setti ngs to be store d for
the entire network of LM 26 Proces sors, PL M Series an d other lega cy Lake dev ices.

Tab let P C

A compact PC which uses a touchs creen inste ad of keyboard and mouse. T he Lake Co ntroller ha s been optim ized for use on Tabl et PCs.

Ter minat io n

AES3 digital au dio interco nnection s must be cor rectly ter minated for reliable op eration. T he 110 ohm terminati ons must be set ‘on’ at the
beginning and end of a set of daisy- chaine d digital a udio equi pment, and ‘of f’ at any inte rmediate o nes.

Top olo gy

A mathematical word for “arrangem ent” or “congu ration”. The topol ogy of a net work is a mean s of visualizing the overall conguration
of the network.

Universal Power Supply

A power sup ply that op erates in all c ountries , without t he need for manual adjustment, as lo ng as the volt age falls wi thin the spe cied
range for t he device.

VHF Protection

VHF protection is an other ampl ier safet y circuit d eveloped b y Lab.gruppen. The presence o f continuous HF audio c an easily d amage
loudsp eakers, so the protectio n circuit mo nitors the ou tput this , muting the p ower output channel if necessar y

V peak

Indicates the peak vo ltage of an a udio signal. For a sinus oidal sig nal, the peak voltage = 1.414 x the RMS volta ge, Vrms. Not to be
confuse d with peak- to- peak voltage (writ ten V pk-pk), which = V p eak x 2.

Vrms

The RM S voltage of a s ignal. Se e RMS.

Wireless Access Point

A device used to connec t a compute r to an Ethernet n etwork wi thout cables; a radio t ransmit ter/receiver for data.

Wireless Network

An Ether net networ k where some o r all cable d connect ions are repl aced by wireless links .

Table 9-5: Glossary of Terms, Acronyms and Abbreviations

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10. Application Guide

This chapter describes the practical application and use of PLM Series devices.

10.1 Rack I/O Panels

For fast and simple system connection, pre-wired racks using connection panels can be used. With an
I/O connector panel tted to the front of the rack, all audio, loudspeaker, network and power cables can be
plugged in at one position, without requiring rear panel access.

Although rental companies and large system users may have existing preferred designs, Figure 10-1
provides a suggested layout. This example provides AES3 and analog audio connections; a separate panel
would be used for Ethernet connections.

Figure 10-1: Example I/O Connector Panel

10.2 Power Distribution

For professional applications it is recommended that the sum of the available mains power is above 3000
W per PLM (e.g. 230 V x 16 A, 120 V x 32 A). As PLM 20000Q devices are equipped with BEL, the cur­rent draw of the device can be congured to perfectly match the power distribution. PLM 10000Q and
PLM 14000 are equipped with PAL, so the power supply will limit its mains current draw (both momentary
current draw and current draw over time) to be less than 28 A for the 230 V version and less than 53 A for
the 115 V version.

Safety approved equipment is not required to have a mains breaker, as long as this does not pose any re
hazard under fault conditions, as is the case with the PLM.

Please see the following examples suggesting power distribution methods across multiple PLM devices.
All of the examples given will work, although the rst examples for both 230 V and 115 V operation have a
slight advantage due to their “power sharing” ability.

Application Guide

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10.2 .1 Six PLM Series Devices with 230-240 V Mains Supply

If the mains supply is 230 V and the system requirement is six PLMs, then the mains capacity would need
to be able to provide 3 x 32 A. There are two methods of achieving this:

1. Three racks, each with two PLMs and a 32 A single-phase mains supply. The 32 A capacity is shared
between the two PLMs within the rack. This is benecial as the two PLMs don’t have to draw the
same current. The only limitation is that in combination they don’t draw over 32 A.

2. Three racks, each with two PLMs and a 16 A three-phase mains supply. This requires central power
distribution to be congured as two 3 x 16 A circuits from 3 x 32 A. One phase is used for each PLM
within the rack. This has the benet that each PLM has its own breaker, but they all have to operate
within the same limit of 16 A; therefore, more care must be taken to ensure that no breaker blows if
different loads are used.

The 230 V version of the PLM is equipped with a
slow-blow 30 A ceramic breaker.

10.2.2 Six PLM Series Devices with 100-120 V Mains Supply

If the mains supply is 115 V and the system requirement is 6 PLMs, then the mains capacity would need to
be able to supply two 3 x 30 A circuits. There are two methods of achieving this:

1. Two racks, each with three 230 V version PLMs and a 30 A three-phase mains supply. In the rack
the PLMs are connected between the phases, i.e. one between phase 1 and 2, one between phase
2 and 3 and the last between phase 3 and 1. Each 30 A mains breaker is shared between two PLMs
and the mains current is to some extent canceled. This has the benet that the three PLMs don’t
have to draw the same current; one can be allowed to draw a little more than the other two. The
only limitation is that in combination they don’t draw over 30 A.

2. Two racks, each with three 115 V version PLMs and a 30 A three-phase mains supply. One phase is
used for each PLM within the rack. This has the benet that each PLM has its own breaker, but they
all have to operate within the same limit of 30 A; therefore, more care must be taken to ensure that
no breaker blows if different loads are used.

10.3 Gain Structure

The PLM Series architecture provides gain adjustments at various points in the signal path and therefore,
various places for muting and level adjustment. Each mute or gain adjustment point serves a different
purpose. The signal ow diagrams in chapter 6 provide a useful reference for the signal path. The following
sections describe the various adjustment points, all of which are available via the Lake Controller software.

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10.3 .1 Input Headroom (Analog Inputs Only)

Input Headroom should be set to 12 dBu if the source can be limited to 12 dBu; otherwise it should be set to
26 dBu. This setting does not affect the other gain stages, or the overall noise oor; it allows control of the
appropriate headroom at the input stage only.

To adjust, navigate to I/O CONFIG > INPUT CONFIGURATION in the Lake Controller. Please refer to the
Lake Controller Operation Manual for further details.

10.3.2 Input Mixer

Input Mixer gains can remain at 0.00 dB for most congurations; if only one input channel is used per
Module, the other can be set to -INF.

To adjust, navigate to I/O CONFIG and tap the Input Mixer blocks for the Module in the Lake Controller.
Please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual for further details.

10.3.3 Module Input Gain

Input Gain is used to adjust the level between different speaker cabinets in the system. This gain can remain
at 0.00 dB unless a lower level is required for the cabinet/s driven by this Module.

To adjust, navigate to MODULES > EQ/LEVELS > LEVELS in the Lake Controller. Please refer to the
Lake Controller Operation Manual for further details.

10.3.4 Module Output Gain

Factory and User Gain are provided for each Module output. These two stages provide a level of security
and control for the system designer (Factory) and a further level of adjustment for the user (User), both of
which combine to balance the level between frequency bands in a multi-way crossover (Contour congura­tion) or the Module output level (Mesa conguration).

1. Factory Gain is set by the system designer and can be hidden within the Module le. The Factory
Gain parameter is only accessible when the Module is unlocked and the Lake Controller is in
Designer Mode. Adjust via MODULES > LEVELS > METER OPTIONS > ADJUST FACTORY.

2. User Gain is editable by a user unless the system designer has locked away the parameter; adjust
via MODULES > LEVELS.

Generally, output gain values are congured within a Module / loudspeaker preset le and should not need
to be adjusted further.

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10.3.5 Attenuator

An attenuator gain adjustment is provided for each power output channel in the PLM. This control replaces
the traditional volume control found on conventional ampliers and should typically be left at 0 dB during
use.

To adjust, navigate to I/O CONFIG > EVENTS & CONTROL > STATUS in the Lake Controller. Please refer to
the Lake Controller Operation Manual for further details.

10.3.6 Amp Gain

The Amp Gain corresponds to the gain adjustment in a conventional separate loudspeaker processor and
amplier system. When using a pre-dened Module loudspeaker preset le, the Amp Gain settings will
normally remain as dened in the le. The limiter and output gain settings of the Module were congured
with this gain setting and will not be automatically compensated if changes are made. This conguration
scheme, though unusual, allows for compatibility with other Lake products, assuming the amplier gain is
set as specied in the speaker preset.

When creating a loudspeaker preset Module le, adjust by navigating to I/O CONFIG >
EVENTS & CONTROL > CONTROL in the Lake Controller. Please refer to the Lake Controller Operation
Manual for further details.

10.4 Gain / Level Optimization

10.4 .1 Maximize Volume Capability

To maximize the volume capability of the device, ensure there is sufcient headroom in the signal path to
avoid clipping before the limiters engage. It must be possible to achieve enough gain through the device to
engage the limiters and realize a high average SPL. As an optimal setting, allow for a headroom of 10 dB or
more for all channels; the simplest way to accomplish this is to increase the Module input gain.

10.4.2 Minimize Noise

To help provide the best volume to noise ratio, use an AES or Dante digital input signal wherever possible. If
using analog inputs, ensure that unused or unnecessarily high headroom is not introduced at the input to the
device. If full or high average power is not required, the Module input gain may be reduced.

10.4.3 Gain Optimization Examples

This section provides examples on performance effects resulting from changes to the PLM gain structure.

10 .4.3 .1 Digital Input Gain Structure Examples

Figure 10-2 illustrates the recommended conguration of the PLM when using an AES or Dante digital input.

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▸ Input Clip: 0 dBFS

▸ Amp Gain: 35 dB

▸ SNR: 114 .2 dB

▸ Absolute Noise Floor: -71.3 dBu

-250,0

-200,0

-150,0

-100,0

-50,0

0,0

50,0

100,0

Analog AES Input Input Mixer Module In Module Out Amp Attenuation A nalog Ref A mp Gain ISVPL Output

dB/dBu

Clip

Nominal

Noise

Figure 10-2: Digital Input: Low Noise with Good Headroom (High Input / High SPL)

Figure 10-3 illustrates how to achieve the lowest possible output noise, although this is not a recommended
conguration.

▸ Input Clip: 0 dBFS

▸ Amp Gain: 22 dB

▸ SNR: 114 .8 dB

▸ Absolute Noise Floor: -71.9 dBu

-250,0

-200,0

-150,0

-100,0

-50,0

0,0

50,0

100,0

Analog AES Input Input Mixer Module In Module Out Amp Attenuation Analog Ref Amp Gain ISVPL Output

dB/dBu

Clip

Nominal

Noise

Figure 10-3: Digital Input Optimized for Minimum Noise - Not Recommended

The improvement in noise performance (at the cost of losing headroom and compression features) is only

0.6 dB; it is therefore not recommended to optimize performance in this manner.

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10.4.3.2 Analog Input Gain Structure Examples

Figure 10-4 illustrates how to minimize absolute noise while limiting the available SPL.

Input Clip: 12 dBu

▸ Amp Gain: 22 dB

▸ SNR: 105.5 dB

▸ Absolute Noise Floor: -71.5 dBu

▸ SPL is limited to -8.9 dB relative to clip in this minimum absolute noise level example

-140,0

-120,0

-100,0

-80,0

-60,0

-40,0

-20,0

0,0

20,0

40,0

60,0

Analog AES Input Input Mixer Module In Module Out Amp Attenuation Analog Ref Amp Gain ISVPL Output

dB/dBu

Clip

Nominal

Noise

Figure 10-4: Analog: Low Noise with Limited Output (Low Input / Low SPL)

Figure 10-5 illustrates how to minimize absolute noise while achieving full power. In this illustration it can be
seen that there is no available headroom.

▸ Input Clip: 12 dBu

▸ Amp Gain: 30.9 dB

▸ SNR: 111.3 dB

▸ Absolute Noise Floor: -68.4 dBu

-140,0

-120,0

-100,0

-80,0

-60,0

-40,0

-20,0

0,0

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

Analog AES Input Input Mixer Module In Module Out Amp Attenuation A nalog Ref Amp Gain ISVPL Output

dB/dBu

Clip

Nominal

Noise

Figure 10-5: Analog: Low Noise with Full Output Power (Low Input / High SPL)

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Figure 10-6 illustrates how moderate noise with extreme SPL can be achieved. SPL is extremely high in
this example as maximum headroom is available at the input and within the processing stage. This makes it
possible to increase the average SPL by utilizing internal compression capabilities.

▸ Input Clip: 0 dBFS

▸ Amp Gain: 35 dB

▸ SNR: 114 .2 dB

▸ Absolute Noise Floor: -71.3 dBu

-140.0

-120.0

-100.0

-80.0

-60.0

-40.0

-20.0

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

Analog A ES Input Input Mixer Module In Module Out Amp Attenuation Analog Ref A mp Gain ISVPL Output

dB/dBu

Clip

Nominal

Noise

Figure 10-6: Analog Input: Moderate Noise with Very High Output (Very High SPL)

10.5 Speaker Congurations

Connecting two speakers in parallel to a PLM power output presents a load to the amplier which is half the
impedance of that presented by one speaker. Therefore, the current that two speakers will attempt to draw
from the output stage is double that for one speaker, and this higher current may be sufcient to cause the
Current Peak Limiter to become active. The more speakers connected to an output in parallel, the lower the
impedance and the higher the current draw.

Multiple loudspeakers may be driven by a PLM power output more satisfactorily if a series-parallel wiring
conguration is adopted. Please ensure care is taken to match polarity correctly.

When using series-parallel wiring, the nominal impedance is the same as with one speaker; however, the
principle of power sharing still applies, and it is not possible to get the amplier section to deliver more than
its rated power.

Nominal loads as low as 2 ohms are supported by the PLM.
However, a 2 ohm nominal load has impedance dips at its
resonances below 2 ohms; in such cases it is likely that the
resulting higher current will cause CPL to activate.

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10.6 Digital Audio Connections

Whenever possible, it is preferable to connect a digital rather that analog input signal to the device. This is
particularly relevant if the source signal is already in the digital domain, such as the source from a digital
mixing console or digital distribution system. The primary cause of signal distortion and signal delay (latency)
is the digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital conversion process. Therefore, using digital inputs normally
provides higher quality audio with lower latency.

Two types of digital audio inputs are available: Dante networked multi-channel digital audio, and 2-channel
digital audio via the AES3. Dante-based system congurations and interconnections are explained in a
separate document, the Lake Network Conguration Guide.

The information in this section is supplied for users unfamiliar with AES3. Users already familiar with AES3
will nd that the device conforms to established conventions.

10.6.1 AES3 Digital Audio

The original AES/EBU digital audio interface standard was developed by the Audio Engineering Society in
conjunction with the European Broadcast Union. Originally published in 1985, it was revised in 1992 and
2003, and in its current iteration it is properly designated the AES3 standard.

AES3 is a serial transmission format for linearly represented (uncompressed) digital audio data. It describes
a method for carrying two channels of periodically sampled and uniformly quantized audio signals on a single
twisted-pair cable.

The data format allows for auxiliary data which can be used for information on signal characteristics as well
as the sampled audio data. The physical interconnection, as dened by IEC 60958 Type I, species three­conductor 110-ohm twisted pair cabling terminated by an XLR connector. Please refer to section 8.3 for
wiring details.

AES3 provides for multiple sampling rates and resolutions of up to 24 bits; this device accepts sample rates
from 44.1 to 192 kHz.

10.6.2 System Latency and Delay Compensation

All types of digital audio processing inherently involves a small processing delay referred to as latency. If the
processing chain does not involve analog-to-digital or digital-to-analog conversion, the amount of latency is
usually very small and often may be disregarded.

However, in complex systems involving multiple digital audio components and connections, enough delay
may be generated to cause audio phasing problems. Therefore, the lowest latency is always preferred, and
it is always important to consider system latency delays when calculating and adjusting overall delay for
time-aligning multiple loudspeaker systems.

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10.6.3 Connections and Cabling

10 .6.3.1 Input and Link Connectors

An AES3 input signal is connected to the XLR3F connector labelled INPUT 1-2 in the AES3 input section
on the rear panel. An XLR3M connector, labelled LINK 1-2 is provided as a loop-through output for daisy­chaining multiple PLM Series devices.

The Input and Link connectors are identical for the analog and digital inputs, so care must be taken when
connecting audio, particularly when analog inputs are used as a backup signal source. Connectors should be
clearly labeled to prevent any confusion.

Never connect a digital signal source to an analog input or an
analog signal source to a digital input.

10.6.3.2 Interconnection Options

If multiple PLM Series devices are receiving the same AES3 signal, connections may be congured in two
ways:

1. Daisy-Chain – Connect the signal source (e.g. mixing console, digital snake or distribution amplier)
to the AES3 input on the rst PLM. Connect the adjacent Link output on the same unit to the Input
on the next PLM, and continue connecting in this manner. Up to 20 PLM units may be daisy-chained
in this manner, though the total may be dependent on environmental conditions and the quality of
connecting cables.

2. AES3 Distribution Amplier – Connect the input of the distribution amplier to the signal source, and
connect the outputs individually to the PLMs. The number of available outputs must be equal to or
greater than the number of PLM devices to be driven. The distribution amplier must be specically
designed for AES3 signals; a device made for analog signals will not function in this capacity. Please
refer to section 10.6.4 for further information.

Consider the application requirements carefully before choosing an interconnection conguration. Note that
the daisy-chain option presents a potential single-point-of-failure scenario; failure of one cable or connection
will affect all subsequent devices in the chain. Use of distribution ampliers avoids this scenario, although
extra expense is involved and potential failure of the distribution amplier itself is introduced.

10.6.3.3 Cable Types and Distance Limitations

All digital connections should be made with 10 0 ohm balanced cables wired according to the AES3 standard
(see Figure 8-11 on page 68). Although standard analog microphone cabling may function in limited
circumstances, the potential for problems is greatly increased. AES3 contains a high-speed data stream, and
requires an effective bandwidth of up to 12 MHz, far beyond the 20 kHz required for analog audio.