Kurzweil Forte 7 Musician’s Guide
Including
Part Number 910557-004 Rev. D
Written for software release v1.40 and OS 3.55
It’s the sound.
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©2016 Young Chang Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Kurzweil® is a product line of Young Chang Co., Ltd. Kurzweil®, Young Chang®,
V. A. S. T.®, Forte®, Forte7® and FlashPlay™ are trademarks of Young Chang Co., Ltd. All other trademarks and copyrights are property of their respective companies. Product features and specications are subject to change without notice.
U.S. Patents 6,806,413, 6,978,288, 8,263,849
You may legally print up to two (2) copies of this document for personal use. Commercial use of any copies of this document is
prohibited. Young Chang Co. retains ownership of all intellectual property represented by this document.
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Part Number 910557-004 Rev. D
i
CAUTION
RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK
DO NOT OPEN
The lightning flash with the arrowhead symbol, within an equilateral
triangle is intended to alert the user to the presence of uninsulated
"dangerous voltage" within the product's enclosure that may be of
sufficient magnitude to constitute a risk of electric shock to persons.
CAUTION: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK,
REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL.
DO NOT REMOVE THE COVER.
NO USER SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE.
The exclamation point within an equilateral triangle is intended
to alert the user to the presence of important operating and
maintenance (servicing) instructions in the literature
accompanying the product.
IMPORTANT SAFETY & INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
INSTRUCTIONS PERTAINING TO THE RISK OF FIRE ELECTRIC SHOCK , OR INJURY TO PERSONS
WARNING: When using electric products, basic precautions should
always be followed, including the following:
1. Read all the Safety and Installation Instructions and Explanation
of Graphic Symbols before using the product.
2. This product must be grounded. If it should malfunction or
break down, grounding provides a path of least resistance for
electric current to reduce the risk of electric shock. This product
is equipped with a power supply cord having an equipmentgrounding conductor and a grounding plug. The plug must be
plugged into an appropriate outlet which is properly installed and
grounded in accordance with all local codes and ordinances.
DANGER: Improper connection of the equipment-grounding
conductor can result in a risk of electric shock. Do not modify the
plug provided with the product – if it will not t the outlet, have a
proper outlet installed by a qualied electrician. Do not use an
adaptor which defeats the function of the equipment-grounding
conductor. If you are in doubt as to whether the product is properly
grounded, check with a qualied serviceman or electrician.
3. Do not use this product near water – for example, near a bathtub,
washbowl, kitchen sink, in a wet basement, or near a swimming
pool, or the like.
4. This product should only be used with a stand or cart that is
recommended by the manufacturer.
5. This product, either alone or in combination with an amplier and
speakers or headphones, may be capable of producing sound
levels that could cause permanent hearing loss. Do not operate
for a long period of time at a high volume level or a level that is
uncomfortable. If you experience any hearing loss or ringing in
the ears, you should consult an audiologist.
6. This product should be located so that its location or position
does not interfere with its proper ventilation.
7. The product should be located away from heat sources such as
radiators, heat registers, or other products that produce heat.
8. The product should be connected to a power supply only of the
type described in the operating instructions or as marked on the
product.
9. This product may be equipped with a polarized line plug (one
blade wider than the other). This is a safety feature. If you are
unable to insert the plug into the outlet, contact an electrician to
replace your obsolete outlet. Do not defeat the safety purpose of
the plug.
10. The power supply cord of the product should be unplugged
from the outlet when left unused for a long period of time. When
unplugging the power supply cord, do not pull on the cord, but
grasp it by the plug.
11. Care should be taken so that objects do not fall and liquids are
not spilled into the enclosure through openings.
12. The product should be serviced by qualied service personnel
when:
A. The power supply cord or the plug has been damaged;
B. Objects have fallen, or liquid has been spilled into the
product;
C. The product has been exposed to rain;
D. The product does not appear to be operating normally or
exhibits a marked change in performance;
E. The product has been dropped, or the enclosure damaged.
13. Do not attempt to service the product beyond that described in
the user maintenance instructions. All other servicing should be
referred to qualied service personnel.
14. WARNING: Do not place objects on the product’s power supply
cord, or place the product in a position where anyone could trip
over, walk on, or roll anything over cords of any type. Do not
allow the product to rest on or be installed over cords of any type.
Improper installations of this type create the possibility of a re
hazard and/or personal injury.
RADIO AND TELEVISION INTERFERENCE
WARNING: Changes or modications to the instrument not expressly
approved by Young Chang could void your authority to operate the
instrument.
IMPORTANT: When connecting this product to accessories and/or
other equipment use only high quality shielded cables.
NOTE: This instrument has been tested and found to comply with the
limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against
harmful interference in a residential installation. This instrument
generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not
installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause
harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no
guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If
this instrument does cause harmful interference to radio or television
reception, which can be determined by turning the instrument off and
on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or
more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS
ii
• Increase the separation between the instrument and the receiver.
• Connect the instrument into an outlet on a circuit other than the
one to which the receiver is connected.
• If necessary consult your dealer or an experienced radio/television
technician for additional suggestions.
The normal function of the product may be disturbed by strong
electromagnetic interference. If so, simply reset the product to resume
normal operation by following the instructions in the manual. If normal
function does not resume, please use the product in another location.
NOTICE
This apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise
emissions from digital apparatus set out in the Radio Interference
Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications.
AVIS
Le present appareil numerique n’emet pas de bruits radioelectriques
depassant les limites applicables aux appareils numeriques de la
class B prescrites dans le Reglement sur le brouillage radioelectrique
edicte par le ministere des Communications du Canada.
IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
1) Read these instructions.
2) Keep these instructions.
3) Heed all warnings.
4) Follow all instructions.
5) Do not use this apparatus near water.
6) Clean only with dry cloth.
7) Do not block any of the ventilation openings. Install in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
8) Do not install near any heat sources such as radiators, heat registers, stoves, or other apparatus (including
ampliers) that produce heat.
9) Do not defeat the safety purpose of the polarized or grounding-type plug. A polarized plug has two
blades with one wider than the other. A grounding type plug has two blades and a third grounding
prong. e wide blade or the third prong are provided for your safety. If the provided plug does not t
into your outlet, consult an electrician for replacement of the obsolete outlet
10) Protect the power cord from being walked on or pinched, particularly at plugs, convenience receptacles,
and the point where they exit from the apparatus.
11) Only use attachments/accessories specied by the manufacturer.
12) Use only with a cart, stand, tripod, bracket, or table specied by the manufacturer,
or sold with the apparatus. When a cart is used, use caution when moving the cart/
apparatus combination to avoid injury from tip-over.
13) Unplug this apparatus during lightning storms or when unused for long periods of
time.
14) Refer all servicing to qualied service personnel. Servicing is required when the apparatus has been
damaged in any way, such as power-supply cord or plug is damaged, liquid has been spilled or objects
have fallen into the apparatus, the apparatus has been exposed to rain or moisture, does not operate
normally, or has been dropped.
Warning: To reduce the risk of re or electric shock, do not expose this apparatus to rain or moisture. Do not
expose this equipment to dripping or splashing and ensure that no objects lled with liquids, such as vases, are
placed on the equipment.
To completely disconnect this equipment from the AC Mains, disconnect the power supply cord plug from
the AC receptacle.
is product contains chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer or birth defects or other
reproductive harm. Wash hands after handling. Remarks: As with most electronic equipment, the outer cables
may contain phthalate and the copper alloy power plug contains lead.
iii
Kurzweil International Contacts
Contact the Kurzweil oce listed below to locate your local Kurzweil representative.
US Customers:
American Music & Sound
925 Broadbeck Dr #220
Newbury Park, CA 91320
Tel: 800-431-2609
Fax: 818-597-0411
Email: info@americanmusicandsound.com
www.kurzweil.com
Customers outside the US:
Young Chang Co., LTD.
178-55, Gajwa-Dong, Seo-Ku
Incheon, Korea Post Code: 404-714
Tel: +82-32-570-1576
Fax: +82-32-576-2340
iv
support@kurzweil.com
www.facebook.com/kurzweilmusicsystems/
www.twitter.com/KurzweilMusic
www.youtube.com/user/KurzweilTutorials
Contents
Kurzweil International Contacts ......................................................iv
Introducing the Forte ................................. 1-1
Using this Guide with the Forte7 ................................................. 1-1
Main Features ................................................................................ 1-1
Sounds .......................................................................................... 1-2
Keyboard and Controllers ............................................................. 1-2
Pedals (Optional) .......................................................................... 1-3
Keeping the Forte/Forte7 up to date ............................................ 1-3
Do You Have Everything? ............................................................. 1-4
Music Rack (Optional) ................................................................... 1-4
Contents
Getting Started ........................................... 2-1
Before You Start… ......................................................................... 2-1
Setting up the Forte ....................................................................... 2-1
Using the Forte/Forte7 .................................................................. 2-3
The Rear Panel............................................................................... 2-4
The AC Power Jack....................................................................... 2-4
The USB Ports .............................................................................. 2-4
The MIDI Ports (IN / THRU / OUT) ............................................... 2-4
Basic MIDI Hookup ..................................................................... 2-5
Connecting More Sound Modules .............................................. 2-5
The Pedal Jacks............................................................................ 2-7
The SW1 (Sustain), SW2 and SW3 Jacks.................................. 2-7
Connecting a Half Damper Pedal ............................................... 2-8
Connecting a Dual Switch Pedal ................................................ 2-9
The CC1 (Volume) and CC2 Jacks............................................. 2-9
The Audio Jacks (A & B Audio Ouputs) ....................................... 2-10
The Headphones Jack ................................................................ 2-10
Connecting to Your Audio System ............................................. 2-11
Connecting to a Computer ......................................................... 2-13
Selecting Programs and Multis .................................................. 2-14
Selecting Programs ..................................................................... 2-14
Selecting Multis ........................................................................... 2-15
User Programs and Multis ........................................................... 2-15
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Contents
Controller Info.............................................................................. 2-15
Favorites ..................................................................................... 2-15
Modes ........................................................................................... 2-16
Program Mode ............................................................................ 2-16
Controller Conventions ............................................................. 2-16
Saving Programs ...................................................................... 2-16
Splits and Layers ...................................................................... 2-17
Program Edit Mode ..................................................................... 2-17
Multi Mode ................................................................................... 2-17
Multi Edit Mode ........................................................................... 2-17
Global Mode ................................................................................ 2-17
MIDI Settings ............................................................................ 2-17
Info ............................................................................................ 2-17
System Reset ........................................................................... 2-18
Storage Mode.............................................................................. 2-18
Saving to External Storage ....................................................... 2-18
Loading from External Storage ................................................. 2-18
Updating the Forte/Forte7 ........................................................... 2-18
Features of the Forte and Forte7 .............. 3-1
Powering Up Defaults ................................................................... 3-1
Parameters Reset To Defaults At Power-On ................................. 3-1
Parameters Remembered After Power-On ................................... 3-1
The Front Panel ............................................................................. 3-2
Pitch and Modulation Wheels ....................................................... 3-3
Pitch Wheel ................................................................................... 3-3
Modulation Wheel ......................................................................... 3-3
Real Time Control .......................................................................... 3-4
Sliders ........................................................................................... 3-4
LED Ladders ............................................................................... 3-5
Zone Mute/Volume Buttons ........................................................... 3-5
Switches ........................................................................................ 3-5
Foot Switches and Controllers ...................................................... 3-6
KB3 Buttons .................................................................................. 3-6
Transpose Buttons ........................................................................ 3-6
Variation Button ............................................................................. 3-7
Tap Tempo Button ......................................................................... 3-7
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Save Button .................................................................................... 3-7
Master EQ & Compressor ............................................................. 3-8
Master EQ ..................................................................................... 3-8
Compressor ................................................................................... 3-8
Audio In ........................................................................................ 3-10
Mode Buttons ............................................................................... 3-11
Program Button ............................................................................3-11
Multi Button ..................................................................................3-11
Global Button ...............................................................................3-11
Navigation .................................................................................... 3-12
The Color LCD Display ............................................................... 3-12
Previous (–) and Next (+) Value Buttons ..................................... 3-13
Channel / Zone Buttons .............................................................. 3-13
Alpha Wheel ................................................................................ 3-13
Display Brightness Knob ............................................................. 3-14
KB3 LED ....................................................................................... 3-14
Category & Keypad ..................................................................... 3-15
Category ...................................................................................... 3-15
Keypad ........................................................................................ 3-15
Contents
Double Button Presses ............................................................... 3-16
Value Jump ................................................................................. 3-16
Channel / Zone Jump .................................................................. 3-16
Reset Transposition .................................................................... 3-17
Program Demo ............................................................................ 3-17
Song Demo ................................................................................. 3-18
Panic ........................................................................................... 3-18
Terminology ................................................ 4-1
The Operating Modes ................................ 5-1
Program Mode ............................................................................... 5-1
Multi Mode ...................................................................................... 5-2
Global Mode ................................................................................... 5-3
Storage Mode ................................................................................. 5-4
Functions ....................................................................................... 5-5
The Split Function ......................................................................... 5-5
The Layer Function ....................................................................... 5-5
Song Demo Function .................................................................... 5-6
Program Demo Function ............................................................... 5-7
Program Edit Mode ........................................................................ 5-8
Multi Edit Mode .............................................................................. 5-8
Program Mode ............................................ 6-1
vii
Contents
About Program Mode .................................................................... 6-1
Selecting Programs ....................................................................... 6-2
Program Demo .............................................................................. 6-3
The Color Display .......................................................................... 6-4
Pop-Up Messages ...................................................................... 6-5
MIDI In/Out Activity Indicators..................................................... 6-5
Alpha Wheel & Previous (–) and Next (+) Value Buttons .............. 6-5
Value Jump Buttons ...................................................................... 6-6
Category Buttons .......................................................................... 6-6
Keypad button............................................................................. 6-7
Choosing Category Default Programs .......................................... 6-8
Choosing Favorites ....................................................................... 6-9
Favorites View and Favorites Banks .......................................... 6-9
Transposition ............................................................................... 6-10
Parameter Assignments ............................................................. 6-11
Controller Conventions................................................................ 6-12
The Split and Layer Soft Buttons ............................................... 6-13
The Split Function ....................................................................... 6-13
The Layer Function ..................................................................... 6-15
Split and Layer Parameters......................................................... 6-16
Zone Status .............................................................................. 6-16
Program .................................................................................... 6-16
Volume ...................................................................................... 6-16
Key Range ................................................................................ 6-16
Pan ........................................................................................... 6-17
Saving a Split or Layer ................................................................ 6-17
viii
Changing the MIDI Transmit Channel ........................................ 6-18
Panic ............................................................................................. 6-18
Save User Programs ................................................................... 6-19
Changing ID Numbers................................................................. 6-20
Naming a User Program ............................................................. 6-22
Saving a User Program ............................................................... 6-23
Program Edit Mode .................................... 7-1
About Program Edit Mode ............................................................ 7-1
Differences Between Regular and Advanced User Type ........... 7-2
Selecting Parameters .................................................................... 7-2
The Display ................................................................................... 7-2
Alpha Wheel & Previous (–) and Next (+) Value Buttons .............. 7-3
Assign ........................................................................................... 7-3
Using Enter + Controller ............................................................. 7-3
Contents
VAST and KB3 Programs .............................................................. 7-4
VAST Program Structure .............................................................. 7-4
Editing VAST Programs ................................................................ 7-6
The Soft Buttons in the Program Editor ........................................ 7-6
Assigning VAST Parameters to Control Sources .......................... 7-6
Names Displayed for VAST Sources .......................................... 7-8
VAST Sources and the PARAMS Page......................................... 7-8
Relationship Between Controller Assignments on the PARAMS page and the
VAST Pages .................................................................................. 7-9
The PARAMS Page ...................................................................... 7-10
PARAMS Page Parameters ........................................................ 7-10
Parameter ................................................................................. 7-10
Control .......................................................................................7-11
Value ......................................................................................... 7-12
Parameter Edit .......................................................................... 7-13
The FX Page ................................................................................. 7-14
FX Page Parameters................................................................... 7-14
Insert ......................................................................................... 7-15
Aux 1, Aux 2.............................................................................. 7-15
Output ....................................................................................... 7-16
Auxiliary Send, Type and Mod .................................................... 7-16
The Layer FX (LYR_FX) Page ..................................................... 7-17
LAYER FX Page Parameters ...................................................... 7-17
Use Program FX Mode ............................................................. 7-17
Layer-Specic FX Mode ........................................................... 7-17
Use Another Layer’s FX Mode .................................................. 7-17
The COMMON Page .................................................................... 7-18
COMMON Page Parameters ...................................................... 7-18
BendRange Up & BendRange Down........................................ 7-18
Output Gain .............................................................................. 7-19
Category ................................................................................... 7-19
Intonation Map .......................................................................... 7-19
Intonation Key ........................................................................... 7-20
Monophonic .............................................................................. 7-20
Legato ....................................................................................... 7-20
Portamento ............................................................................... 7-20
Portamento Rate....................................................................... 7-21
Mono Sample XFade ................................................................ 7-21
COMMON Parameters with Advanced User Type ...................... 7-21
Out Pan, and Out Pan Mode .................................................... 7-22
Globals ...................................................................................... 7-22
Demo Song ............................................................................... 7-22
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Contents
The KEYMAP Page ...................................................................... 7-23
KEYMAP Page Parameters ........................................................ 7-23
Stereo ....................................................................................... 7-23
Keymap ..................................................................................... 7-24
Transpose (Xpose) ................................................................... 7-24
Key Tracking (KeyTrk) .............................................................. 7-24
Velocity Tracking (VelTrk) ......................................................... 7-25
Method (AltMethod) .................................................................. 7-25
Timbre Shift .............................................................................. 7-25
Playback Mode ......................................................................... 7-25
Alternative Controller (AltControl) ............................................. 7-25
Alternative Switch (AltControl and AltMethod) .......................... 7-26
Emulating Legato Play .............................................................. 7-26
String Resonance (Kurzweil String Resonance)....................... 7-26
The LAYER Page .......................................................................... 7-28
LAYER Page Parameters ............................................................ 7-28
Low Key ................................................................................... 7-29
High Key ................................................................................... 7-29
Low Velocity .............................................................................. 7-29
High Velocity ............................................................................. 7-29
Pitch Bend Mode (Bend)........................................................... 7-29
Trigger ...................................................................................... 7-29
Delay Control ............................................................................ 7-30
Minimum Delay, Maximum Delay ............................................. 7-30
Enable....................................................................................... 7-30
Enable Sense ........................................................................... 7-30
Opaque ..................................................................................... 7-31
Sustain Pedal............................................................................ 7-31
Sostenuto Pedal ....................................................................... 7-32
Freeze Pedal ............................................................................ 7-32
Ignore Release ......................................................................... 7-32
Hold Through Attack (Hold Through Att) ................................... 7-32
Hold Until Decay ....................................................................... 7-33
The Wiring Algorithm (ALG) Page.............................................. 7-33
Algorithm Basics ......................................................................... 7-34
Common DSP Control Parameters ............................................. 7-35
Function-parameter .................................................................. 7-36
Fine Adjust Parameter .............................................................. 7-37
Hard-wired Parameters ............................................................. 7-37
Programmable Parameters....................................................... 7-38
Alt Input for Algorithms (Cascade Mode) .................................... 7-39
Dynamic VAST ............................................................................ 7-40
The DSP Control (DSPCTL) Page ............................................... 7-41
DSP Control Page Parameters ................................................... 7-42
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The DSP Modulation (DSPMOD) Page ....................................... 7-43
DSP Mod Page Parameters ........................................................ 7-43
The LFO+ Page ............................................................................ 7-44
About LFOs ................................................................................. 7-44
LFO+ Page Parameters .............................................................. 7-45
Minimum Rate ........................................................................... 7-45
Maximum Rate .......................................................................... 7-46
Rate Control.............................................................................. 7-46
LFO Shape ............................................................................... 7-46
LFO Phase................................................................................ 7-46
About ASRs ................................................................................. 7-46
Trigger ...................................................................................... 7-47
Mode ......................................................................................... 7-47
Delay ......................................................................................... 7-47
Attack ........................................................................................ 7-47
Release..................................................................................... 7-47
About FUNs ................................................................................. 7-48
The Amplitude Envelope (AMPENV) Page ................................ 7-49
Attack Segment Times .............................................................. 7-50
Attack Segment Levels ............................................................. 7-50
Decay Segment ........................................................................ 7-51
Release Segments ................................................................... 7-51
Loop Type ................................................................................. 7-51
Number of Loops ...................................................................... 7-51
Envelope Control......................................................................... 7-52
Adjust ........................................................................................ 7-53
Key Tracking ............................................................................. 7-53
Velocity Tracking ....................................................................... 7-53
Source, Depth ........................................................................... 7-54
Impact ....................................................................................... 7-54
Contents
The Envelope 2 (ENV2) and Envelope 3 (ENV3) Pages............ 7-55
The Arpeggiator Function ........................................................... 7-55
ARP soft button ........................................................................... 7-55
ARP Page Parameters ................................................................ 7-56
Arp Preset ................................................................................. 7-57
State ......................................................................................... 7-57
Arp Mode .................................................................................. 7-57
Tempo ....................................................................................... 7-57
Latch ......................................................................................... 7-57
Limit Option ............................................................................... 7-59
Key Range (Low Key and High Key) ........................................ 7-61
Beats ......................................................................................... 7-61
Shift Mode................................................................................. 7-61
xi
Contents
Shift Limit .................................................................................. 7-61
Shift (Shift Amount) ................................................................... 7-61
Shift Pattern (ShiftPatt) ............................................................. 7-62
Play Order ................................................................................. 7-62
Classic Arp Modes and Patterns ................................................. 7-63
Velocity ..................................................................................... 7-63
Velocity Pat ............................................................................... 7-63
Duration .................................................................................... 7-65
Duration Pattern........................................................................ 7-65
Arpeggiator Editing in StepSeq Mode ......................................... 7-65
Arpeggiator Editing in Classic Mode ........................................... 7-66
Editing Velocity Patterns ........................................................... 7-67
Editing Duration Patterns .......................................................... 7-68
ArpSave .................................................................................... 7-69
The Layer Utility and HELP Functions ...................................... 7-69
New Layer (NEWLYR) ................................................................ 7-69
Duplicate Layer (DUPLYR) ......................................................... 7-69
Import Layer (IMPLYR) ............................................................... 7-69
Delete Layer (DELLYR) ............................................................... 7-70
Delete .......................................................................................... 7-70
Help ............................................................................................. 7-70
Favorites 1: Edit ........................................................................ 7-70
Favorites 2: Compare On/Off .................................................... 7-71
Favorites 3: Solo Current Layer ................................................ 7-71
Favorites 4: Mute Current Layer ............................................... 7-71
Favorites 5: Bypass FX............................................................. 7-71
Favorites 6: New Parameter ..................................................... 7-71
Favorites 9: Edit Description ..................................................... 7-72
Favorites 10: Help..................................................................... 7-72
xii
Editing VAST Programs With KVA Oscillators .......................... 7-72
Basic Use of KVA Oscillators ...................................................... 7-72
Minimal Settings for Basic Use of KVA Oscillators: .................. 7-72
Pitch Settings for KVA Oscillators ............................................. 7-73
Setting KVA Oscillator Type ........................................................ 7-73
Setting Up The Sync Square Oscillator .................................... 7-74
Advanced Use Of KVA Oscillators .............................................. 7-75
Examples of Simple DSP Control and Modulation: .................. 7-75
Oscillator Specic Control And Modulation Parameters: .......... 7-77
Use Of Keymaps and Natural Amplitude Envelopes With KVA Oscillators:
7-79
KB3 Program Structure ............................................................... 7-80
KB3 Mode ................................................................................... 7-80
KB3 Effects And Real-time Controls ........................................... 7-80
Drawbars .................................................................................. 7-81
KB3 Mode Effects Buttons (Assignable Switches) ................... 7-81
Additional Controller Assignments In KB3 Mode ...................... 7-81
Editing KB3 Programs ................................................................ 7-81
KB3 Programming Tips ............................................................... 7-82
KB3 Editor: The Parameters (PARAMS) Page .......................... 7-83
KB3 Editor: The Program FX (FX) Page .................................... 7-83
KB3 Editor: The COMMON Page ............................................... 7-83
PreampResp ............................................................................. 7-84
Exp Pedal ................................................................................. 7-84
Leakage .................................................................................... 7-84
LeakMode ................................................................................. 7-84
VolAdjust ................................................................................... 7-85
Bend Range Up, Bend Range Down ........................................ 7-85
KB3 Editor: The Tone Wheels (TONEWL) Page ........................ 7-85
Upper Tone Wheel Keymap ...................................................... 7-86
Upper Volume Adjust ................................................................ 7-86
Number of Tone Wheels ........................................................... 7-86
Organ Map ................................................................................ 7-86
Wheel Volume Map................................................................... 7-86
Globals ...................................................................................... 7-87
Lower Transpose (Xpose) / Upper Transpose (Xpose) ............ 7-87
Contents
KB3 Editor: The Drawbars (DRAWBAR) Page .......................... 7-87
Drawbars Parameters ................................................................. 7-87
Steps ......................................................................................... 7-87
Volume ...................................................................................... 7-88
Tune .......................................................................................... 7-88
KB3 Editor: The PITCH Page ...................................................... 7-88
KB3 Editor: The AMP Page ......................................................... 7-89
KB3 Editor: The KEYCLICK Page .............................................. 7-89
KeyClick Parameters ................................................................... 7-90
KeyClick .................................................................................... 7-90
Volume ...................................................................................... 7-90
Decay ........................................................................................ 7-90
Velocity Track............................................................................ 7-90
Pitch .......................................................................................... 7-90
Random .................................................................................... 7-90
ReTrigThresh ............................................................................ 7-91
Note Attack ............................................................................... 7-91
Note Release ............................................................................ 7-91
Key and Key Track Amount ...................................................... 7-91
KB3 Editor: The PERC Page ....................................................... 7-91
xiii
Contents
PERC Parameters ....................................................................... 7-92
Percussion ................................................................................ 7-92
Volume ...................................................................................... 7-92
Decay ........................................................................................ 7-92
Harmonic .................................................................................. 7-92
VelTrack .................................................................................... 7-92
LowHarm .................................................................................. 7-93
HighHarm .................................................................................. 7-93
StealBar .................................................................................... 7-93
PercLevel, DecayTime, OrgLevel ............................................. 7-93
KB3 Editor: The EQ Page ............................................................ 7-94
KB3 Editor: The LFO+, ARP and ARPSAV Pages ..................... 7-94
The Effects Chain Editor ........................... 8-1
The MAIN Page .............................................................................. 8-2
Editing Effect-boxes .................................................................... 8-3
The MOD Pages ............................................................................. 8-3
Box ................................................................................................ 8-3
Param ............................................................................................ 8-4
Adjust ............................................................................................ 8-4
Source ........................................................................................... 8-4
Depth ............................................................................................. 8-4
FXLFO+ page ................................................................................. 8-4
INFO page ....................................................................................... 8-5
The Chain Utility Soft Buttons ...................................................... 8-6
INFO .............................................................................................. 8-6
DELETE ........................................................................................ 8-7
HELP ............................................................................................. 8-7
Favorites 1: Edit .......................................................................... 8-7
Favorites 5: Bypass Box ............................................................. 8-7
Favorites 10: Help....................................................................... 8-7
Effects Parameters ........................................................................ 8-7
General Parameters ...................................................................... 8-8
Reverbs ......................................................................................... 8-9
Delays ......................................................................................... 8-10
Complex Echo ...........................................................................8-11
Spectral Multitap Delays ............................................................8-11
Gated Ducking Delay ................................................................ 8-12
DegenRegen............................................................................. 8-12
Equalizers (EQ) ........................................................................... 8-12
Enhancers................................................................................. 8-13
EQ Morpher .............................................................................. 8-13
xiv
Compressors, Expanders, and Gates ......................................... 8-13
Expansion ................................................................................. 8-14
Multiband Compression ............................................................ 8-15
Gates ........................................................................................ 8-15
Super Gate ............................................................................... 8-15
Chorus ......................................................................................... 8-15
Flanger ........................................................................................ 8-16
Quantize ...................................................................................... 8-17
LaserVerb .................................................................................... 8-17
Filters .......................................................................................... 8-18
Resonant Filter ......................................................................... 8-18
Envelope Filter .......................................................................... 8-18
Triggered Filter ......................................................................... 8-18
LFO Filter .................................................................................. 8-19
Distortion ..................................................................................... 8-19
Polydistort ................................................................................. 8-20
Rotating Speakers....................................................................... 8-20
Vibrato/Chorus ............................................................................ 8-22
Tremolo and AutoPan ................................................................. 8-22
AutoPan .................................................................................... 8-22
Tremolo ..................................................................................... 8-23
Pitcher ......................................................................................... 8-23
Ring Modulation .......................................................................... 8-24
Stereo Simulation ........................................................................ 8-24
Stereo Image ............................................................................ 8-25
Contents
Keymap and Sample Editing ..................... 9-1
The Keymap Editor ........................................................................ 9-1
Keymap Editor Parameters ........................................................... 9-4
Sample ........................................................................................ 9-4
Key Range .................................................................................. 9-4
Low Key (Lo), High Key (Hi) ....................................................... 9-5
Velocity Range (VelRange) ......................................................... 9-5
Low Velocity (Lo), High Velocity (Hi) ........................................... 9-5
Coarse Tune ............................................................................... 9-5
Fine Tune .................................................................................... 9-6
Master Transpose (MasterXpose) .............................................. 9-6
Volume Adjust ............................................................................. 9-6
The Soft Buttons in the Keymap editor ........................................ 9-6
Toggle ......................................................................................... 9-6
Velocity Ranges (VelRng) ........................................................... 9-7
New Range (NewRng) ................................................................ 9-7
Assign ......................................................................................... 9-7
Saving Changes to a Keymap....................................................... 9-8
Rename ...................................................................................... 9-8
xv
Contents
Save Yes/No ............................................................................... 9-8
Cancel ......................................................................................... 9-8
Special Double Button Presses in the Keymap Editor .................. 9-8
Building a Keymap ........................................................................ 9-9
Editing Samples ........................................................................... 9-10
The Sample Edit Main Page ........................................................9-11
Root Key ................................................................................... 9-12
Pitch Adjust ............................................................................... 9-12
Volume Adjust ........................................................................... 9-12
Alternative Start Volume Adjust (AltVolAdjust) .......................... 9-12
Decay Rate ............................................................................... 9-12
Release Rate ............................................................................ 9-13
Loop Switch .............................................................................. 9-13
Playback Mode (Playback) ....................................................... 9-13
Alternative Sample Sense (AltSense)....................................... 9-13
Ignore Release (IgnRelease) .................................................... 9-13
SampleRate and NumSamples ................................................ 9-13
Start .......................................................................................... 9-14
Alternative Start ........................................................................ 9-14
Loop .......................................................................................... 9-14
End ........................................................................................... 9-14
Multi Mode ................................................ 10-1
About Multi Mode ........................................................................ 10-1
Selecting Multis ........................................................................... 10-2
The Color Display ........................................................................ 10-2
Pop-Up Messages .................................................................... 10-3
MIDI In/Out Activity Indicators................................................... 10-3
Alpha Wheel & Previous (–) and Next (+) Value Buttons ............ 10-3
Value Jump Buttons .................................................................... 10-3
The Cursor Buttons ..................................................................... 10-3
Category Buttons ........................................................................ 10-4
Choosing Favorites ..................................................................... 10-5
Favorites View and Favorites Banks ........................................ 10-5
About Zones ................................................................................. 10-6
Muting Zones .............................................................................. 10-6
Transposition ............................................................................... 10-7
Parameter Assignments ............................................................. 10-8
Controller Conventions................................................................ 10-8
The Split and Layer Soft Buttons ............................................... 10-9
The Split Function ....................................................................... 10-9
The Layer Function ................................................................... 10-10
xvi
Split and Layer Parameters........................................................10-11
Zone Status .............................................................................10-11
Program ...................................................................................10-11
Volume .....................................................................................10-11
Key Range ...............................................................................10-11
Pan ..........................................................................................10-11
Saving a Split or Layer .............................................................. 10-12
Save User Multis ........................................................................ 10-12
Changing ID Numbers............................................................... 10-13
Naming a User Multi .................................................................. 10-14
Saving a User Multi ................................................................... 10-15
Multi Edit Mode ......................................... 11-1
About Multi Edit Mode ................................................................. 11-1
User Type: Advanced ...................................................................11-2
Selecting Parameters .................................................................. 11-3
The Display ..................................................................................11-3
Changing Zones ...........................................................................11-4
Alpha Wheel & Previous (–) and Next (+) Value Buttons .............11-4
Assign ..........................................................................................11-4
Enter + Controller ......................................................................11-5
Contents
Zone Parameters ......................................................................... 11-6
OVERVIEW Page .......................................................................... 11-6
OVERVIEW Page Parameters .....................................................11-6
Status .........................................................................................11-7
Program .....................................................................................11-7
Key Range .................................................................................11-7
Volume .......................................................................................11-7
MAIN Page .................................................................................... 11-8
MAIN Page Parameters ...............................................................11-8
Transpose ..................................................................................11-9
Note Map ...................................................................................11-9
Destination .................................................................................11-9
Out ........................................................................................... 11-11
Channel ...................................................................................11-11
BankMode................................................................................11-11
MidiBank ..................................................................................11-12
MidiProg ...................................................................................11-12
EntryPrgChg ............................................................................11-13
Bend Up / Down ST & Bend Up / Down CT ............................11-13
VelMode ...................................................................................11-13
VelScale ...................................................................................11-13
VelOffset ..................................................................................11-13
xvii
Contents
VelCurve ..................................................................................11-14
LoVel, HiVel .............................................................................11-15
CONTROLS Page ....................................................................... 11-16
Switch Controllers ......................................................................11-16
Controller .................................................................................11-17
Mode ........................................................................................11-17
Key1.....Key8 ...........................................................................11-18
Type .........................................................................................11-18
Destination ...............................................................................11-18
The Destination parameter determines the MIDI CC controller number that
a physical controller will send to the Program in the currently selected Zone.
By default, these CC messages are also sent to the MIDI Out and USB ports
on the Channel of that Zone. ...................................................11-19
On Value ..................................................................................11-19
Off Value ..................................................................................11-19
Entry State ...............................................................................11-19
Exit State .................................................................................11-19
Velocity ....................................................................................11-19
Key Controllers ...........................................................................11-20
Key ...........................................................................................11-20
Do ............................................................................................11-20
Key1.....Key8 ...........................................................................11-20
Continuous Controllers...............................................................11-21
Controller .................................................................................11-21
Mode ........................................................................................11-22
Scale ........................................................................................11-22
Add ..........................................................................................11-22
Curve .......................................................................................11-23
Entry Position...........................................................................11-23
Exit Value .................................................................................11-24
Destination ...............................................................................11-24
Controlling Program Parameter Assignments from Multi Mode .11-24
The Controller Destination List ...................................................11-25
xviii
FX Page ...................................................................................... 11-28
FX Page Parameters..................................................................11-28
Enable......................................................................................11-28
Aux FX Channel.......................................................................11-29
AUX1, AUX2 ............................................................................11-29
AUX1 Override, AUX2 Override...............................................11-29
Chain .......................................................................................11-29
Mod Override ...........................................................................11-29
Output ......................................................................................11-30
COMMON Page .......................................................................... 11-30
COMMON Page Parameters .....................................................11-30
Tempo ......................................................................................11-30
Clock Source ...........................................................................11-31
KB3 Channel............................................................................11-31
The ARP Page ............................................................................ 11-31
Arp Save ....................................................................................11-31
About Auxiliary Effects ............................................................. 11-32
Save and Delete User Multis..................................................... 11-32
Global Mode .............................................. 12-1
About Global Mode ...................................................................... 12-1
Selecting and Editing Parameters ............................................. 12-2
MAIN1 Page .................................................................................. 12-2
Tune ............................................................................................ 12-3
User Type .................................................................................... 12-3
Transpose ................................................................................... 12-3
Program Tempo ........................................................................... 12-3
FX Mode ...................................................................................... 12-3
Display ........................................................................................ 12-4
Show Controllers ......................................................................... 12-4
Auto Power Off ........................................................................... 12-4
Power Off Time ........................................................................... 12-5
Audio Input .................................................................................. 12-5
Clock Source ............................................................................... 12-5
Out Pair B Mode.......................................................................... 12-5
Audio Out S/M ............................................................................. 12-6
Multi Controllers .......................................................................... 12-6
Contents
MAIN2 Page .................................................................................. 12-6
Velocity Map ................................................................................ 12-7
Key Velocity Map ........................................................................ 12-8
Pressure Map .............................................................................. 12-8
Press S Override ........................................................................ 12-8
S.Buttons 1-2 .............................................................................. 12-8
Intonation Map ............................................................................ 12-9
Editing Intonation Maps .......................................................... 12-10
Int. Key (Intonation Key)............................................................ 12-10
Drum Remap ..............................................................................12-11
Pedal Noise ................................................................................12-11
Switch Pedal Overrides ..............................................................12-11
CC Pedal Overrides .................................................................. 12-12
Rotary Override ......................................................................... 12-12
MIDI Page ................................................................................... 12-12
Destination ................................................................................ 12-13
xix
Contents
Change Multis ........................................................................... 12-15
Bank Select ............................................................................... 12-15
PrgChangeMode ....................................................................... 12-15
LocalKbdChan (Local Keyboard Channel) ................................ 12-16
Program Mode ........................................................................ 12-16
Multi Mode .............................................................................. 12-16
Sysex ID ................................................................................... 12-16
Program Change ....................................................................... 12-17
TOOLS Page ............................................................................... 12-17
MIDI OUT and MIDI IN .............................................................. 12-17
TEMPO ..................................................................................... 12-18
VOICES ..................................................................................... 12-19
STATE ....................................................................................... 12-20
INFO .......................................................................................... 12-20
ABOUT ...................................................................................... 12-21
DELETE Page ............................................................................. 12-21
RESET Page ............................................................................... 12-21
Reset Global Mode parameters only (Soft Reset) .................... 12-22
Reset Forte To Its Factory State (Hard Reset) .......................... 12-23
Storage Mode ........................................... 13-1
About Storage Mode ................................................................... 13-1
Storage Mode Common Features .............................................. 13-2
Directories ................................................................................... 13-2
Path ............................................................................................. 13-2
Common Dialogues..................................................................... 13-3
The Select Directory Dialogue .................................................. 13-3
The File Name / New Directory Dialogue ................................. 13-4
The STORE Page ......................................................................... 13-5
Pressing STORE ......................................................................... 13-5
Store All .................................................................................... 13-6
Store Advanced ........................................................................ 13-6
The LOAD Page ........................................................................... 13-6
Pressing LOAD ........................................................................... 13-7
Example Using LOAD ................................................................. 13-8
Compatible Files ......................................................................... 13-9
System Mode ............................................ 14-1
Run Forte ...................................................................................... 14-2
xx
System Update ............................................................................. 14-3
Install Using a USB Flash Drive .................................................. 14-4
Install Using a Computer/Tablet .................................................. 14-5
Run Diagnostics .......................................................................... 14-8
System Reset ............................................................................... 14-9
System Utilities .......................................................................... 14-11
Format Flash ............................................................................. 14-12
Install Module ............................................................................ 14-14
Restore Older ............................................................................ 14-14
Display Diag .............................................................................. 14-14
Troubleshooting ....................................... 15-1
Maintenance ................................................................................. 15-1
Common Problems ...................................................................... 15-1
Power Problems .......................................................................... 15-1
Display “Brightness” .................................................................... 15-2
Audio Problems ........................................................................... 15-2
MIDI Problems .............................................................................. 15-5
Contents
Pedal Problems............................................................................ 15-6
Switch Pedal Problems ............................................................... 15-6
If None of the Above... ................................................................. 15-7
Restoring Factory Defaults.......................................................... 15-7
Diagnostics .................................................................................. 15-7
MIDI Implementation ..................................A-1
Physical Specications .............................B-1
Programs ....................................................C-1
KB3 Programs ............................................D-1
Introducing KB3 Programs ...........................................................D-1
First Some History .........................................................................D-1
KB3 Improvements in the Forte ....................................................D-1
Drawbars ........................................................................................D-2
KB3 Mode Buttons ........................................................................D-2
Brake .............................................................................................D-2
Chorus/Vibrato ..............................................................................D-2
On/Off .........................................................................................D-2
Chor/Vib ......................................................................................D-2
Chorus/Vibrato Depth .................................................................D-3
Percussion ....................................................................................D-3
Percussion On/Off ......................................................................D-3
xxi
Contents
Percussion Loud/Soft..................................................................D-3
Percussion Decay F/S ................................................................D-3
Percussion Pitch H/L ..................................................................D-3
KeyClick ........................................................................................D-3
Variation ........................................................................................D-4
Multis ...........................................................E-1
Effects Chains ............................................ F-1
Index I-1
xxii
Chapter 1
Introducing the Forte
Congratulations on your purchase of a Kurzweil Forte® Stage Piano! Keep the manual
on hand as you continue to familiarize yourself with the features and functions of your
instrument.
Introducing the Forte
Using this Guide with the Forte7
is manual is designed to cover both the Forte® and Forte®7 pianos. ese instruments share
common features and the term “Forte” is used to cover a description of both. Where there are
dierences, we use the name “Forte7” to help instruct owners of that instrument.
Main Features
e Forte Stage Piano is the most advanced keyboard to ever bear the Kurzweil logo.
Featuring Flash-Play technology and a high resolution color display, the Forte boasts
hundreds of excellent preset sounds, with a massive 16GB of ROM and 128 voice
polyphony. e Forte’s new sounds are modeled after Steinway Hamburg D and Vintage
Yamaha C7 pianos, Rhodes (‘73 and ‘77) and Wurlitzer electric pianos, Clavinet D6 (rhythm
and treble pickups) and French Harpsichord (ve dispositions).
1-1
Introducing the Forte
e Forte’s new piano sounds oer a full range of dynamics, from the most delicate
pianissimo to the full-on thunder of the heaviest fortissimo. ese piano sounds utilize long
unlooped samples allowing for beautiful harmonic interplay between sustained notes.
Mechanical key release and pedal samples provide added realism. e Forte’s Piano programs
can also be played with “Half Damper” sustain pedal techniques (this requires a continuous
switch pedal, see “Connecting a Half Damper Pedal” on page 2-8 for details).
Also included are rich new orchestral percussion instruments such as Celeste, Bells,
Glockenspiel, Chimes, and Crotales (hit and bowed).
Forte also includes our fully featured Kurzweil KB3 ToneReal™ organ simulator designed to
emulate classic tone wheel organs like the Hammond B3, as well as Farsa and Vox organs.
e Forte is also a very capable MIDI controller ideally suited to controlling additional
sound modules and as input to a sequencer.
Sounds
• New German & Japanese Grand Pianos
• Rhodes (‘73 and ‘77) and Wurlitzer electric pianos, Clavinet D6 (rhythm and treble
pickups) and French Harpsichord (ve dispositions)
• New Orchestral Percussion: Celeste, Bells, Glockenspiel, Chimes, and Crotales (hit
and bowed)
• Selected sounds from our acclaimed PC3/Artis series & Kore64 expansion
• 16GB ROM used with our highly acclaimed FX Engine.
• KB3 ToneReal ™ organ simulations with 9 sliders as drawbars (Hammond ™
simulation uses 0 voices of polyphony)
• More than 300 Factory Programs divided into 20 Categories
• 1024 User IDs to save your own Programs
• More than 150 Factory Multis
• 1024 User IDs to save your own Multis
• MP3 player audio input jack
• Full 128 voices of polyphony
Keyboard and Controllers
e Forte has an 88-key fully-weighted hammer action keyboard that provides you with
a piano-like feel without adding excessive weight to the instrument. e array of physical
controllers includes:
1-2
• 9 assignable sliders (with LED ladders)
• 9 switches (assignable/zone mutes/KB3 control)
• A pitch wheel
• A modulation wheel
• 1 Variation switch
• 1 Tap Tempo switch
• 2 Transpose switches
• Monopressure (Aftertouch)
• 3 jacks on the rear panel for switch pedals: SW1 (Sustain), SW2 & SW3
• 2 jacks on the rear panel for optional continuous controller pedals: CC1 (Volume) &
CC2
Pedals (Optional)
As described above, the Forte has ve jacks on the rear panel for optional pedal controllers.
ree jacks for switch pedals, which are typically used to control two-state (i.e., on / o)
parameters such as sustain, sostenuto, and soft. A Half Damper pedal (also known as a
continuous switch pedal) can be used to allow for “half pedaling” sustain techniques when
playing Forte piano programs.
Introducing the Forte
e remaining two jacks are for continuous control (or CC) pedals typically used to control
multi-state (i.e., “continuous”) parameters such as volume and wah.
Your Kurzweil dealer stocks the following pedals:
• FS-1 Standard single box-shaped switch pedal
• KFP-1 Single piano-style switch pedal
• KFP-2S Double piano-style switch pedal unit (one stereo plug)
• CC-1 Continuous pedal
Keeping the Forte/Forte7 up to date
Be sure to check the Kurzweil Music Systems website at http://www.kurzweil.com for new
documentation and the latest software updates for Forte. is manual was written for Forte
software release v1.40 and OS 3.55. See the Info page in Global mode to check the currently
installed OS version.
1-3
Introducing the Forte
Do You Have Everything?
Your Forte package should contain the following in addition to your instrument:
• Power cable
• Switch pedal
• USB cable (Type-A-to-Type-B)
• 4 self adhesive feet (see page 2-1)
• Forte Getting Started manual
If you don’t have any of these components, please contact your Kurzweil / Young Chang
dealer to get them.
Music Rack (Optional)
e optional KMR2 Music Rack attachment is a holder for sheet music or a computer
tablet device. Contact your Kurzweil dealer for the KMR2 Music Rack. Please refer to the
instructions that come with the KMR2 on attaching the music rack to the Forte.
1-4
Chapter 2
Getting Started
As the excited owner of a brand-new keyboard, you’ve probably already unpacked your Forte
and want to check it out. is chapter will help you to hook the Forte or Forte7 up to both
your audio and MIDI systems, give you a quick overview of how it works, and show you
how to start making great sounds with your new instrument.
Getting Started
Before You Start…
Don’t connect anything until you make sure the Forte is properly and safely situated. If your
Forte keyboard has been out in the cold, give it time to warm up to room temperature before
starting it, since condensation may have formed inside.
Setting up the Forte
1. Set the keyboard on a hard, at, level surface.
2. Four adhesive-backed rubber feet are provided with your Forte. Carefully turn the keyboard
over onto a soft surface, remove the paper backing from the rubber feet and attach them.
NOTE : Unless the instrument will always be used with a keyboard stand,
attachment of the rubber feet is strongly advised. Otherwise protruding
screws may scratch the tabletop.
2-1
Getting Started
3. Connect the AC power cord to the Forte. Before plugging the cable into a power outlet,
4. Plug the power cable into the wall.
5. Plug the Switch Pedal into the marked SW1 (Sustain) Pedal jack on the Forte rear panel.
6. Connect stereo headphones to the headphone jack on the front left panel, or connect the
7. Make sure your sound system is at a safe volume level. Also make sure that the Forte
check that your power source is compatible with the Forte. e Forte runs on AC power
and works with voltages from 100-240 volts at 50–60 Hz. e voltage level is detected and
set automatically by the Forte. If your power source does not have the standard three hole
outlet, you should take the time to install a proper grounding system. is will reduce the
risk of a shock. If your power outlet is not within these ranges it is recommended you use
an appropriate adaptor.
audio outputs to your mixer or amplier inputs using standard (1/4-inch) audio cables
(use the Left out for mono). Balanced (“TRS” or “Stereo”) cables are recommended if your
mixer or amp supports balanced inputs.
Master Volume slider (on the far left side of the front panel) is all the way down.
2-2
Using the Forte/Forte7
1. Power up the Forte using the power switch on the rear left side of the instrument, and then
raise the Master Volume slider, and mixer/amp volume. Your Forte keyboard starts up in
Program Mode by default. Press one of the buttons under the “Mode” label to the right of
the display to switch Modes.
Getting Started
Master Volume Slider Mode Selection
2. If you are connected to a mixing board and hear distortion, reduce the gain level on your
mixing board, or use the pad (a switch that decreases the input audio signal level, typically by
20dB) if it has one.
3. To hear the capabilities of the Forte, you can play the demo songs. Press the Hybrid and
Misc Category buttons simultaneously to listen to a demo song.
4. In Program Mode, scroll through the Programs using the Alpha Wheel, the Previous and
Next buttons, or press a Category button to audition the sounds in the Forte. e Forte
has short demos for each of the factory Programs. To hear a Program Demo for the current
Program, press the Voices and Mallets Category buttons simultaneously.
2-3
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