Kodak SO-050, 2403 User Manual

AS-24

KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403

KODAK TRI-X AERECON Film SO-050

KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 and KODAK
TRI-X AERECON Film SO-050 are panchromat ic, negat ive
aerial camera films that have h i gh speed, moder ate c ontrast ,
and extended red sensiti vity for the r eduction of haze ef fects.
The photographic properties of these two films are virtually
identical; the physical properties differ due to the difference
in base thickness.

Their ESTAR Base and ESTAR Thin Base provide
flexibility, moisture resistance, high tear resistance, and
excellent dimensional stability. These films have highly
hardened emulsions which provide high acutance, or
improved image sharpness, and permit high-temperature
rapid processing in mode rn continuous pr ocessing machines.

These films can be processed in the KODAK
VERSAMAT Film Processor, Model 11 or 1140, with
KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals, KODAK
VERSAMAT 641 Chemicals, or KODAK VERSAMAT
Chemicals, Type A. KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC
Film 2403 can also be processed at normal temperatures in
conventional rewind equipment, such as the Gordon/Morse
M-10 Developing Outfit (Military Designator: B-5) using a
variety of Kodak black-and-white developers.

Caution: KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC and
AERECON Films are susceptible to static markings at low
relative humidities. These films are packaged at the optimum
relative humidity (45 to 5 0 percent) and are maintained at this
level by the sealed package. In conditions of low relative
humidity , these films should be loaded and used immediately
after the package is opened, before the f ilm becomes too dry .
The camera should be checked to see that all its parts are
grounded adequately. Also, these films should be handled
carefully during all loading, unloading, and preprocessing
operations.

APPLICATIONS

KODAK TRI-X AER OGRAPHIC Film 2403 is a high-speed
film for use in low-altitude, large-scale aerial mapping for
photogrammetry, or in mapping at low light levels caused by
low solar altitudes.

KODAK TRI-X AERECON Film SO-050 is suitable for

reconnaissance under minimum levels of illumination.

BASE

2403 Film: 3.9-mil (0.1 0 mm) ESTAR Base with dyed -gel
backing
SO-050 F ilm: 2.5-mil (0.063 mm) ESTAR Thin Base with
dyed-gel backing

TOTAL FILM THICKNESS

The nominal total thickness (unprocessed) of each film is:

2403 Film: 4.55 mils (0.115 mm)
This includes emulsion—0.45 mils (0.010 mm), base—

3.9 mils (0.10 mm) and dyed-gel backing—0.20 mil
(0.005 mm).
SO-050 Film: 3.15 mils (0.080 mm)
This includes emulsion—0.45 mils (0.011 mm), base—

2.5 mils (0.063 mm) and dyed-gel backing—0.20 mil
(0.005 mm).

WEIGHT

The weight of each film (unprocessed), conditioned in
equilibrium with 50 percent relative humidity, is:

2403 Film: 0.037 lbs
SO-050 F ilm: 0.021 lbs

2

⁄sq ft

(0.0168 kg⁄ft2)

⁄sq ft

2

(0.0095 kg⁄ft2)

©Eastman Kodak Company, 2000

SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY

Panchromatic, with extended red sensitivity.

SAFELIGHT

Total darkness is required.

EXPOSURE

Aerial film speeds (ISO A or EAFS) should not be co nfused
with conventional film speeds which are designed for roll
and sheet films used in pictorial photography. The
characteristics of aerial scenes dif fer markedly from those of
ordinary pictorial or ground scenes because of the smaller
range in subject luminances, atmospheric haze conditions,
and other factors. Therefore, dif ferent film-speed parameters
are used to relate aerial-scene characteristics to practical
exposure recommendations. The KODAK Aerial Exposure
Computer, KODAK Publication AS-10 has been published
based on the aerial film speed criterion.

Nominal speed, daylight (no filter): EAFS or ISO A 500

Other suggested aerial film speeds for processing these
films in the KODAK VERSAMAT Film Processor, Models
11 or 1140, using VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals,
641 Chemicals, and Type A Chemicals can be found in the
sensitometric data tables.

Note: The aerial film speeds given in this publication were
obtained by rounding the calculated values to the nearest
cube root of 2 step (equivalent to 1

Filters

KODAK PROFESSIONAL WRATTEN Gelatin Filter

Filter Factor 1.5 3

Typical Camera Exposure

A typical exposure for this film is approximately 1⁄400
second at f
degrees, a clear day, an aircraft altitude of 5,000 feet, and a
speed of ISO A 640 (no filter).

When using an aerial camera equipped with an
antivignetting filter, or other filter, it is important to increase
this typical exposure by the filter factor of the filter used.

⁄8. This exposure is based on a solar altitude of 5

⁄3 stop).

No. 12 No. 25

IMAGE STRUCTURE

The following data are based on processing in a KODAK
VERSAMAT Film Processor using KODAK VERSAMAT
Chemicals.

Resolving Power

(line pairs/mm)

TOC 1.6:1 TOC 1000:1

VERSAMAT Model 11
885 Chemicals
641 Chemicals
Type A Chemicals
VERSAMAT Model 1140
885 Chemicals

*

Granularity v alues read at a net diffuse dens ity of 1.0 with a

48-micrometre aperture.

†

885--2 racks, 10 fpm, 85°F (29.5°C), process gamma 1.40

‡

641--2 racks, 6. 5 fp m , 85°F (29.5°C), process gamma 1.25

§

Type A--2 racks, 10 fpm, 90 °F (32°C), process gamma 1.70

¶

885--1 rack, 15 fpm, 99°F (37°C), process gamma 0.95

†
‡

¶

40 100 40
25 100 33

§

32 80 55

40 100 33

rms

Granularity

STORAGE

For consistent results, all aerial films should be stored under
fairly constant conditions. Kodak aerial films are “usually”
packaged in equilibrium with 40 to 50 percent relative
humidity. High temperatures or high humidity may produce
undesirable changes in the film.

Unexposed Film

Store unexposed film in a refrigerator at 55°F (13°C) or
lower , or freezer at 0 to -1 0
sealed container . If the film is stored in a refrigerator , remove
it about 2 hours before opening; if stored in a freezer , remove
it about 8 hours before opening. A sufficient warm-up time
is necessary to prevent moisture condens ation on cold film—
otherwise, moisture spotting, ferrotyping, or sticking ma y
occur.

°F (-18 to -23°C), in the original

*

Reciprocity Characteristics

No exposure or development time adjustments are required
for exposure times from 1,000 second to 1

⁄10,000 second, increase the development time by 10

1
percent.

⁄10 second. At

Exposed Film

Keep exposed film cool and dry. Process the f ilm as soo n as
possible after exposure to avoid undesirable changes in the
latent image. If it is necessary to hold exposed but
unprocessed film for se v eral days (such as o v er a weekend),
it should be resealed and refrigerated at 40

°F (4°C) or lower.

Before unsealing and process ing exposed film that has been
held in cold storage, follow the warm-up procedures
described for unexposed film described above.

Processed Film

For best keeping, store processed film in a dark, dust-free
area at 50 to 70
humidity. Preferably, store negatives on the spool or in
individual KODAK Sleeves. High relat ive humidity
promotes the growth of mold and causes ferrotyping. Very
low relative humidity causes excessive curl and brittleness.
A void storage temperatures over 80

2 KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 KODAK TRI-X AERECON Film SO-050 • AS-24

°F (10 to 21°C) and 30 to 50 percent relative

°F (27°C).

PROCESSING

KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC and AERECON Films
can be processed in the KODAK VERSAMAT Film
Processor, Model 11 or 1140, with KODAK VERSAMAT
885 Chemicals, KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Chemicals, or
KOD A K VERSAMAT Chemicals, Type A.

Mechanized processing in roller-transport processors
offers the advantages of unifor m treatment of all portions o f
the roll, freedom from banding, and absence of significant
density variations from end s of the roll to the cen ter. Refer to
the operator’s manual for the processor set-up information,
but in all cases, the fixer replenisher should be introduced
into tank No. 5 of the processor with a countercurrent flow
to tank No. 3, where it overflows to a collection or recovery
system.

General instructions for setting the machine dryer
temperature are included in these pages. However, the
temperature of the dryer may require some further
adjustment, depending upon the ambient temperature
conditions in the processing area. Usually it is best to set the
temperature approximately 3
dry unexposed, processed film.

Chemicals

The following KODAK VERSAMAT Chemicals may be
used in both the Model 11 and Model 1140 VERSAMAT
Processors.

KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Developer Starter
KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Developer Replenisher
KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Fixer and Replenisher
KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Developer Starter
KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Developer Replenisher
KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Fixer and Replenisher
KODAK VERSAMAT Developer Starter, Type A
KODAK VERSAMAT Developer Replenisher, Type A
KODAK VERSAMAT Fixer and Replenisher, Type A

Notice: Observe precautionary information on product labels and
Material Safety Data Sheets.

°F (2°C) above that required to

Replenishment Rates

Basic developer and fixer replenishment rates, in millilitres
per square inch of film processed, vary depending upon the
type of chemicals used. The following rates apply to
processing in the VERSAMAT Processor, Models 11 and

1140.

Basic Replenishment R at es ( m L/ in2)

KODAK VERSAMAT Chemicals

885 641 Type A

Developer 0.36 0.34 0.20
Fixer 0.45 0.68 0.34

Processing Sequence

KODAK VERSAMAT Processor, Model 11

(all recommended chemicals)

Processing

Step

Develop

Fix 3

Wash 2

Dry —

*

For KODAK VERSAMAT Chemicals, Type A, use 90°F (32°C).

No. of
Racks

*

1 or 2

Path

Length

1.2 or 2.4 m
(4 or 8 ft)

3.6 m
(12 ft)

2.4 m
(8 ft)

2.4 m
(8 ft)

Temperature

85 ± 0.5°F

(29.5 ± 0.3°C)
85°F (29.5°C),

nominal

2 to 6°F (1 to 3°C) below

developer temperature

135 to 145°F (57 to 63°C)

Sensitometric Data

KOD AK VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals, Mode l 11

Machine

Speed

(fpm)

5 1.10 640 0.21 1.80 800 0.28
10 0.70 400 0.14 1.40 640 0.15
15 0.55 250 0.13 1.10 640 0.12
20 0.41 125 0.13 0.95 500 0.12
25 0.36 100 0.12 0.80 400 0.12

Fixing: Adequate fixing is obtained at machine speeds
up to and including 20 feet per minute.

Washing: With two developer racks, LE-100 keeping
quality is obtained at process machine speeds up to 10
feet per minute, and LE-10 is obtained up to and including
20 feet per minute. (LE = Life Expectancy)

Drying: Adequate drying is obtained at machine speeds
up to and including 15 feet per minute.

1 Developer Rack 2 Developer Racks

Average

Gamma

ISO A D-min

85°F (29.5°C)

Average

Gamma

ISO A D-min

KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 KODAK TRI-X AERECON Film SO-050 • AS-24 3