AS-24
KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403
KODAK TRI-X AERECON Film SO-050
KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 and KODAK
TRI-X AERECON Film SO-050 are panchromat ic, negat ive
aerial camera films that have h i gh speed, moder ate c ontrast ,
and extended red sensiti vity for the r eduction of haze ef fects.
The photographic properties of these two films are virtually
identical; the physical properties differ due to the difference
in base thickness.
Their ESTAR Base and ESTAR Thin Base provide
flexibility, moisture resistance, high tear resistance, and
excellent dimensional stability. These films have highly
hardened emulsions which provide high acutance, or
improved image sharpness, and permit high-temperature
rapid processing in mode rn continuous pr ocessing machines.
These films can be processed in the KODAK
VERSAMAT Film Processor, Model 11 or 1140, with
KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals, KODAK
VERSAMAT 641 Chemicals, or KODAK VERSAMAT
Chemicals, Type A. KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC
Film 2403 can also be processed at normal temperatures in
conventional rewind equipment, such as the Gordon/Morse
M-10 Developing Outfit (Military Designator: B-5) using a
variety of Kodak black-and-white developers.
Caution: KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC and
AERECON Films are susceptible to static markings at low
relative humidities. These films are packaged at the optimum
relative humidity (45 to 5 0 percent) and are maintained at this
level by the sealed package. In conditions of low relative
humidity , these films should be loaded and used immediately
after the package is opened, before the f ilm becomes too dry .
The camera should be checked to see that all its parts are
grounded adequately. Also, these films should be handled
carefully during all loading, unloading, and preprocessing
operations.
APPLICATIONS
KODAK TRI-X AER OGRAPHIC Film 2403 is a high-speed
film for use in low-altitude, large-scale aerial mapping for
photogrammetry, or in mapping at low light levels caused by
low solar altitudes.
KODAK TRI-X AERECON Film SO-050 is suitable for
reconnaissance under minimum levels of illumination.
BASE
2403 Film: 3.9-mil (0.1 0 mm) ESTAR Base with dyed -gel
backing
SO-050 F ilm: 2.5-mil (0.063 mm) ESTAR Thin Base with
dyed-gel backing
TOTAL FILM THICKNESS
The nominal total thickness (unprocessed) of each film is:
2403 Film: 4.55 mils (0.115 mm)
This includes emulsion—0.45 mils (0.010 mm), base—
3.9 mils (0.10 mm) and dyed-gel backing—0.20 mil
(0.005 mm).
SO-050 Film: 3.15 mils (0.080 mm)
This includes emulsion—0.45 mils (0.011 mm), base—
2.5 mils (0.063 mm) and dyed-gel backing—0.20 mil
(0.005 mm).
WEIGHT
The weight of each film (unprocessed), conditioned in
equilibrium with 50 percent relative humidity, is:
2403 Film: 0.037 lbs
SO-050 F ilm: 0.021 lbs
2
⁄sq ft
(0.0168 kg⁄ft2)
⁄sq ft
2
(0.0095 kg⁄ft2)
©Eastman Kodak Company, 2000
SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY
Panchromatic, with extended red sensitivity.
SAFELIGHT
Total darkness is required.
EXPOSURE
Aerial film speeds (ISO A or EAFS) should not be co nfused
with conventional film speeds which are designed for roll
and sheet films used in pictorial photography. The
characteristics of aerial scenes dif fer markedly from those of
ordinary pictorial or ground scenes because of the smaller
range in subject luminances, atmospheric haze conditions,
and other factors. Therefore, dif ferent film-speed parameters
are used to relate aerial-scene characteristics to practical
exposure recommendations. The KODAK Aerial Exposure
Computer, KODAK Publication AS-10 has been published
based on the aerial film speed criterion.
Nominal speed, daylight (no filter): EAFS or ISO A 500
Other suggested aerial film speeds for processing these
films in the KODAK VERSAMAT Film Processor, Models
11 or 1140, using VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals,
641 Chemicals, and Type A Chemicals can be found in the
sensitometric data tables.
Note: The aerial film speeds given in this publication were
obtained by rounding the calculated values to the nearest
cube root of 2 step (equivalent to 1
Filters
KODAK PROFESSIONAL WRATTEN Gelatin Filter
Filter Factor 1.5 3
Typical Camera Exposure
A typical exposure for this film is approximately 1⁄400
second at f
degrees, a clear day, an aircraft altitude of 5,000 feet, and a
speed of ISO A 640 (no filter).
When using an aerial camera equipped with an
antivignetting filter, or other filter, it is important to increase
this typical exposure by the filter factor of the filter used.
⁄8. This exposure is based on a solar altitude of 5
⁄3 stop).
No. 12 No. 25
IMAGE STRUCTURE
The following data are based on processing in a KODAK
VERSAMAT Film Processor using KODAK VERSAMAT
Chemicals.
Resolving Power
(line pairs/mm)
TOC 1.6:1 TOC 1000:1
VERSAMAT Model 11
885 Chemicals
641 Chemicals
Type A Chemicals
VERSAMAT Model 1140
885 Chemicals
*
Granularity v alues read at a net diffuse dens ity of 1.0 with a
48-micrometre aperture.
†
885--2 racks, 10 fpm, 85°F (29.5°C), process gamma 1.40
‡
641--2 racks, 6. 5 fp m , 85°F (29.5°C), process gamma 1.25
§
Type A--2 racks, 10 fpm, 90 °F (32°C), process gamma 1.70
¶
885--1 rack, 15 fpm, 99°F (37°C), process gamma 0.95
†
‡
¶
40 100 40
25 100 33
§
32 80 55
40 100 33
rms
Granularity
STORAGE
For consistent results, all aerial films should be stored under
fairly constant conditions. Kodak aerial films are “usually”
packaged in equilibrium with 40 to 50 percent relative
humidity. High temperatures or high humidity may produce
undesirable changes in the film.
Unexposed Film
Store unexposed film in a refrigerator at 55°F (13°C) or
lower , or freezer at 0 to -1 0
sealed container . If the film is stored in a refrigerator , remove
it about 2 hours before opening; if stored in a freezer , remove
it about 8 hours before opening. A sufficient warm-up time
is necessary to prevent moisture condens ation on cold film—
otherwise, moisture spotting, ferrotyping, or sticking ma y
occur.
°F (-18 to -23°C), in the original
*
Reciprocity Characteristics
No exposure or development time adjustments are required
for exposure times from 1,000 second to 1
⁄10,000 second, increase the development time by 10
1
percent.
⁄10 second. At
Exposed Film
Keep exposed film cool and dry. Process the f ilm as soo n as
possible after exposure to avoid undesirable changes in the
latent image. If it is necessary to hold exposed but
unprocessed film for se v eral days (such as o v er a weekend),
it should be resealed and refrigerated at 40
°F (4°C) or lower.
Before unsealing and process ing exposed film that has been
held in cold storage, follow the warm-up procedures
described for unexposed film described above.
Processed Film
For best keeping, store processed film in a dark, dust-free
area at 50 to 70
humidity. Preferably, store negatives on the spool or in
individual KODAK Sleeves. High relat ive humidity
promotes the growth of mold and causes ferrotyping. Very
low relative humidity causes excessive curl and brittleness.
A void storage temperatures over 80
2 KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 KODAK TRI-X AERECON Film SO-050 • AS-24
°F (10 to 21°C) and 30 to 50 percent relative
°F (27°C).
PROCESSING
KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC and AERECON Films
can be processed in the KODAK VERSAMAT Film
Processor, Model 11 or 1140, with KODAK VERSAMAT
885 Chemicals, KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Chemicals, or
KOD A K VERSAMAT Chemicals, Type A.
Mechanized processing in roller-transport processors
offers the advantages of unifor m treatment of all portions o f
the roll, freedom from banding, and absence of significant
density variations from end s of the roll to the cen ter. Refer to
the operator’s manual for the processor set-up information,
but in all cases, the fixer replenisher should be introduced
into tank No. 5 of the processor with a countercurrent flow
to tank No. 3, where it overflows to a collection or recovery
system.
General instructions for setting the machine dryer
temperature are included in these pages. However, the
temperature of the dryer may require some further
adjustment, depending upon the ambient temperature
conditions in the processing area. Usually it is best to set the
temperature approximately 3
dry unexposed, processed film.
Chemicals
The following KODAK VERSAMAT Chemicals may be
used in both the Model 11 and Model 1140 VERSAMAT
Processors.
KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Developer Starter
KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Developer Replenisher
KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Fixer and Replenisher
KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Developer Starter
KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Developer Replenisher
KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Fixer and Replenisher
KODAK VERSAMAT Developer Starter, Type A
KODAK VERSAMAT Developer Replenisher, Type A
KODAK VERSAMAT Fixer and Replenisher, Type A
Notice: Observe precautionary information on product labels and
Material Safety Data Sheets.
°F (2°C) above that required to
Replenishment Rates
Basic developer and fixer replenishment rates, in millilitres
per square inch of film processed, vary depending upon the
type of chemicals used. The following rates apply to
processing in the VERSAMAT Processor, Models 11 and
1140.
Basic Replenishment R at es ( m L/ in2)
KODAK VERSAMAT Chemicals
885 641 Type A
Developer 0.36 0.34 0.20
Fixer 0.45 0.68 0.34
Processing Sequence
KODAK VERSAMAT Processor, Model 11
(all recommended chemicals)
Processing
Step
Develop
Fix 3
Wash 2
Dry —
*
For KODAK VERSAMAT Chemicals, Type A, use 90°F (32°C).
No. of
Racks
*
1 or 2
Path
Length
1.2 or 2.4 m
(4 or 8 ft)
3.6 m
(12 ft)
2.4 m
(8 ft)
2.4 m
(8 ft)
Temperature
85 ± 0.5°F
(29.5 ± 0.3°C)
85°F (29.5°C),
nominal
2 to 6°F (1 to 3°C) below
developer temperature
135 to 145°F (57 to 63°C)
Sensitometric Data
KOD AK VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals, Mode l 11
Machine
Speed
(fpm)
5 1.10 640 0.21 1.80 800 0.28
10 0.70 400 0.14 1.40 640 0.15
15 0.55 250 0.13 1.10 640 0.12
20 0.41 125 0.13 0.95 500 0.12
25 0.36 100 0.12 0.80 400 0.12
Fixing: Adequate fixing is obtained at machine speeds
up to and including 20 feet per minute.
Washing: With two developer racks, LE-100 keeping
quality is obtained at process machine speeds up to 10
feet per minute, and LE-10 is obtained up to and including
20 feet per minute. (LE = Life Expectancy)
Drying: Adequate drying is obtained at machine speeds
up to and including 15 feet per minute.
1 Developer Rack 2 Developer Racks
Average
Gamma
ISO A D-min
85°F (29.5°C)
Average
Gamma
ISO A D-min
KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 KODAK TRI-X AERECON Film SO-050 • AS-24 3
KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Chemicals, Model 11
Machine
Speed
(fpm)
5 0.80 400 0.15 1.15 640 0.17
10 0.55 160 0.14 0.8 5 400 0.15
15 — — — 0.65 250 0.34
1 Developer Rack 2 Developer Racks
Average
Gamma
ISO A D-min
85°F (29.5°C)
Average
Gamma
ISO A D-min
Fixing: Adequate fixing is obtained at machine speeds
up to and including 10 feet per minute.
Washing: LE-100 keeping quality is obtained at process
machine speeds up to and including 5 feet per minute.
(LE = Life Expectancy)
Drying: Adequate drying is obtained at machine speeds
up to and including 20 feet per minute.
KODAK VERSAMAT Chemicals, Type A, Model 11
Machine
Speed
(fpm)
5 2.05 1000 0.16 — — —
10 1.10 500 0.13 1.35 800 0.15
15 0.95 320 0.13 1.00 500 0.14
20 0.85 250 0.14 0.90 400 0.14
1 Developer Rack 2 Developer Racks
Average
Gamma
ISO A D-min
90°F (32°C)
Average
Gamma
ISO A D-min
Fixing: Adequate fixing is obtained at machine speeds
up to and including 10 feet per minute.
Washing: LE-10 keeping quality is obtained at machine
speeds up to and including 8 feet per minute. (LE = Life
Expectancy)
Drying: Adequate drying is obtained at machine speeds
up to and including 12 feet per minute.
Processing Sequence
KODAK VERSAMAT Processor, Model 1140
(all recommended chemicals)
Processing
Step
Develop 1 or 2
Fix 3
Wash 2
Dry —
No. of
Racks
Path
Length
1.2 or 2.4 m
(4 or 8 ft)
3.6 m
(12 ft)
2.4 m
(8 ft)
2.4 m
(8 ft)
Temperature
99 or 104 ± 0.5°F
(37 or 40 ± 0.3°C)
99 or 104°F
(37 or 40°C), nominal
2 to 6°F (1 to 3°C) below
developer temperature
Up to 149°F (65°C)
Sensitometric Data
KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals, Model 1140
Machine
Speed
(fpm)
10 0.90 640 0.21 — — —
20 0.65 320 0.16 1.00 640 0.24
30 0.45 200 0.12 0.80 500 0.19
40 0.35 125 0.14 0.70 400 0.18
10 1.00 640 0.23 — — —
20 0.70 400 0.16 1.15 640 0.22
30 0.50 250 0.15 0.95 640 0.25
40 0.45 200 0.13 0.80 500 0.21
KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Chemicals, Model 1140
Machine
Speed
(fpm)
10 0.80 400 0.17 1.15 640 0.19
10 0.85 320 0.16 1.30 800 0.21
20 0.55 160 0.22 0.90 500 0.21
1 Developer Rack 2 Developer Racks
Average
Gamma
Average
Gamma
ISO A D-min
99°F (37°C)
104°F (40°C)
1 Developer Rack 2 Developer Racks
ISO A D-min
99°F (37°C)
104°F (40°C)
Average
Gamma
Average
Gamma
ISO A D-min
ISO A D-min
KOD AK VERSAMAT Chemicals. Type A; Model
1140
This is not a primary processing recommendation, althoug h
satisfactory results can be obtained at proces sor speeds up to
10 feet per minute. Refer to the processing conditions and
sensitometric data for the KODAK VERSAMAT Processor,
Model 11, above.
4 KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 KODAK TRI-X AERECON Film SO-050 • AS-24
REWIND OR SPIRAL REEL PROCESSING
KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 yields
optimum results with modern, high-temperature,
continuous-processing machines. It can be processed in
rewind equipment or o n spiral reels, although these methods
are not primary processing recommendations. Customers
wishing to use spiral reels or rewind equipment such as the
Gordon/Morse M-10 Developing Outfit (Military
Designator: B-5) may contact Aerial Systems for
information on exposure, processing chemicals, process
cycles, and general recommendations.
KODAK TRI-X AERECON Film SO-050 is not
recommended for processing in conventional rewind
equipment due to the physical characteristics of its ESTAR
Thin Base.
DIMENSIONAL STABILITY
The dimensional stability of aerial films is of particular
interest and importance in accurate mapping and in the
reproduction of maps.
Dimensional stability is an all-inclusive term. In
photography, it applies to size changes caused by changes in
humidity and in temperature, and by processing and aging.
The absence of solvent in ESTAR Base is one of the reaso ns
why ESTAR Base films show excellent dimensional
stability. The dimensional properties of ESTAR Base may
vary slightly in different directions within a sheet; the
differences that may exist, however, are n ot always between
the length and width directions.
Temporary Dimensional Changes
Thermal Coefficient of Linear Expansion:
2403 SO-050
0.001% 0.001% per degree F of change
0.0018% 0.0018% per degree C of change
Humidity Coefficient of Linear Expansion (Unprocessed):
2403 SO-050
0.002% 0.0035% per 1% change in relative humidity
Permanent Dimensional Changes
Processing Dimensional Change (Shrinkage to Swell):
2403 SO-050
-0.04% to +0.03% -0.04% to +0.03%
Aging Shrinkage of Processed F ilm:
2405 SO-050
0.05% 0.08% 1 week at 120°F (49°C), 20% RH
0.03% 0.04% 1 year at 78°F (25.5°C), 60% RH
KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 KODAK TRI-X AERECON Film SO-050 • AS-24 5
SIZE DATA AND ORDERING
INFORMATION
KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 and KODAK
TRI-X AERECON Film SO-050 are available in sizes for
certain aerial cameras. Neither film is factory-stocked in any
size.
Information on minimum o rder quantities and other si zes
of these films is available by writing or calling:
Aerial Imaging
Eastman Kodak Company
Rochester, New York 14653-7128
(716) 253-1855
Note: The Kodak materials described in this publication
used with KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 and
KODAK TRI-X AERECON Film SO-050 are available
from those dealers normally supplying Kodak products.
Other materials may be used, but equivalent results may not
be obtained.
CURVES
3.0
2.0
1.0
Log Sensitivity*
0.0
1.0
Spectral Sensitivity
D = 0.3 above gross fog
D = 1.0 above gross fog
300
400
500
Wavelength (nm)
Modulation Transfer Function
Exposure: 1.4 seconds
Process: Recommended
Densitometry: Diffuse visual
600
700
200
100
70
50
30
20
10
7
5
RESPONSE (%)
KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals
3
KODAK VERSAMAT Film Processor,
2
2 racks, 85F (29.5C), 10 fpm; Diffuse visual
1
F002_1093AC
60020050201054321 100
SPATIAL FREQUENCY (cycles/mm)
6 KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 KODAK TRI-X AERECON Film SO-050 • AS-24
4.0
3.0
2.0
Density
1.0
0.0
Characterisitc Curves
Exposure: Daylight 1/100 sec
ODAK VERSAMAT
Process: K
K
ODAK VERSAMAT
2 developer racks; 85
Densitometry: Diffuse visual
–4
Film Processor, Model 11;
°
–3
Log Exposure (lux seconds)
885 Chemicals;
F (29.5
°
C)
5 fpm
–2
10 fpm
15 fpm
20 fpm
25 fpm
–1
ISO A Vs. Gamma
10000
1000
885 Chemicals
Aerial Film Speed (ISO A)
100
0
0
Exposure: Daylight 1/100 sec
Process: K
ODAK VERSAMAT
K
ODAK VERSAMAT
K
1 and 2 developer rack; 85
K
ODAK VERSAMAT
1 and 2 developer racks; 90
Type A Chemicals
641 Chemicals
1
ODAK VERSAMAT
885 Chemicals;
641 Chemicals;
Chemicals, Type A;
GAMMA
Film Processor, Model 11;
°
°
F (29.5
C)
°
°
C)
F (32
2
3
ISO A vs. Machine Speed
800
750
700
650
600
550
Aerial Film Speed (ISO A)
500
450
400
010
F002_1105AC
KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals,
KODAK VERSAMAT Film Processor,
Model 11, 2 developer racks at 85F (29.5C)
Machine Speed (fpm)
Gamma vs. Machine Speed
4
3
2
Gamma
1
0
50403020
F002_1112AC
KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals,
Processor, Model 11, 2 developer racks at 85F (29.5C)
100
20 30 40 50
Machine Speed (fpm)
KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 KODAK TRI-X AERECON Film SO-050 • AS-24 7
KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403
KODAK TRI-X AERECON Film SO-050
NOTICE: While the sens itometric data in this publicat ion are typ ical of pr oduction coa tings, th ey do not rep resent
standards which must be met by Kodak. Varying storage, exposure, and processing conditions will affect results.
The company res erves the right to ch ange and improve product characterist i cs at any time.
EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY • ROCHESTER, NY 14653-7128
KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403
KODAK TRI-X AERECON Film SO-050
KODAK Publication No. AS-24
TI0078
Aerial Imaging
Kodak, Aerecon, Aerographic, Estar, Versamat, Panatomic-X, and Wratten are
trademarks
Minor Revision 8-01
Printed in U.S.A.
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