Kodak f.7.7 User Manual

dl

;l$

"

If lt

isn't an

Eastman,

.

istt't

a Kodak."

,
I

:

'i

Picture

Taking

with

the

Vest

Pocket

Autographic

Kodak

Sp

ecial

Kodak

Anastigmat

Lens

t.7.7

4

Manulactured

by

i

Eastman

Kodak

Company.

t

Rochester,

N.

y.

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file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/Tim/Desktop/carburetor-manual-welcome/index.htm[4/25/2009 11:42:20 AM]

KODAK

Trade

-lIark.

13Jt.

EASTMAN

KODAK

CO}TP.{\Y.

Rocnrs'rnn.

N.

Y.

Mexur-lct:unsRs

oF

Kodaks.
Brownie

Caineras.
Kodiopticons,
Kodak

Film'Ianks,

Kodak

Dry

Mounting

Tissue.
Velox Paper,
Eastman

Film,

Eastman

Solio

Paper,

.

Eastman

Ferro-Prussiate

papet.

Eastman

Velvet

Bromide

paper,

Eastman

Brilliant

Velvet

Bromide

paper,

Easturan

Royal

Bromide

paper,

Eastman

Standard

Bromide

paper,

Eastman

Platino

Bromide

paper,

Eastman

Enameled

Bromide

paper.

Eastman

Matte-Enamel

Bromide

paper,

Eastman

I'ested

Chemicals,

Tripods

and

Other

Specialties.

TRADE

]}IARKS

REG.

U. S. PAT,

OFF.

-llarclt. 13lri.

..KODAKERY"

A

monthly

magazine

that

teaches

how

to

make

better pictures

will

be

sent

FREE

OF

CfIARGE

to

every

one

who

p,rr"tr*r""

o*?

orrr

amateur

cameras

from

a

dealer

in

photo_

graphic

goods,

provicled

this

blank

is

fiil;;;;

and

sent

to

us within

g0

days

of

the

date

the

camera

was

purchased.

AsTMAN

Kour

CouplNy.

To

rIIE

EAsrlrrAN

Kooex

Co.,

Rochester,

N.

y.

_^Tn

a(,dordance_

vith

vorrr

offer, please

place

rnv

13,.1,"

nn

the

mailing

liic

for

..K,ro..r.kenv.;

i*iii ifri

lll$ifi'tLil?,?lhat

trrer,'

is

to r,e

no'eo-i;;";,;i'i

I

F

(Kind

of

Camera)

W'rite
name

and

a,ddress

Plainll.

)
\

I

\

fi

f-#rltu*Ti'';"tfi

l*il;t*:l';H#.r*l

Form

No.

338.16.

:

Picture

Taking

with the

VEST POCKET
AUTOGRAPHIC
KODAK,

Special

Kodak

Anastigmat

Lens,

t.7.7

Published

by

the

EASTMAN

KODAK

COMPANY,

Rochester,

N. Y.

ORDER

FILM

BY NUMBER

All

Kodak Films may

be

clistinguishecl

by

the numbers on the

ends of the

cartons,

The number for film

for the

Vest Pocket

Autographic

Kodak Speci,al

is

A-127

NOTICE

r\utographic

film

can be used in

old style

Kodaks.

old style film

can be used

in Auto-

graphic

Kodnks,

but to

get

trutographic

re-

sulfs

Autognrphic

film must

be used in an

Autographic

Kodzlk.

BEFORE

LOADING.

Before taking

any

pictures

with the

Vest

Pocket

Autographic Kodak

Spectal,

f

.7.7, read

the

following

instructions

carefully

and make

yourself perfectly

familiar

with the instru-

ment, taking

especial

care to learn

horv to

operate

the

shutter

Work

it

for both time

and

instantaneous

exposures

several times

before threading

up the

lilm.

The flrst

ancl

most important

thing

for the

amateur

to

bear in

mirrd is that

the

light

which

serves

to impress

the

photographic

image

upon

the

sensitive

fiIm in

a small frac-

tion

of a secotrrl when

it

comes through

the

lens,

can destroy

the

film as

quickly

as it

makes

the

picture.

-\fter the

film

has been

developed

and

all

cleueloper

thorou,ghtu

washectr

out,

it

ma1-

be

quickly

transferred

irr

subdued white

light to

the

fixing bath without

injury.

'Ihroughout

all the

operation

of

load-

ing and

unloacling,

lte

extrernely

careful to

keep the

red

paper

rvound

tightly around

the

film to

prevent

the

adrnission

of liEht.

E.\ST\I,\N

KODAK

COMPANY.

PART I.

LOADING THE

KODAK.

CONTENTS.

Panr

l-Loading.

P.rnl

Il-Making tlte Exposurcs.

P,rnr IIl-Removing

the Film.

P,r.nr lV-Developing.

I'.lnr

V-Printing

on

Velox

Paper.

P,rnr

Vl-Mounting.

fhe film for

the

Vest Pocket

Autographic Kodak Special,

.f.7.1

is furnished in

light

proof

cart-

ridges

ancl the instrument can

therefore be

loadcd in claylight.

'I'he

operation should, holvever,

be

performed

irr a subduecl

light, not

in Lhe

glare

of bright surrlight. It

should also be borne

iu

mind

that

after

the

seal

is broken care must

be

t:rken to keep the red

paper

taut

on the spool, otherwise it may

slip

ancl

loosen

suffrcientl5'

to fog the

film.

Tnn Fnu.

No. A-127

The

Autographic

FiIm

Cartridge

is made

rvith

a thin

rcd instead

of

the

familiar

thick

rcd

and black

(duplex)

paper.

The thin

red

paper

is rrot

light

proof

in itself.

Betrveen

it

and tbe

film is inserted

a strip

of tissue.

This

tissuc

serves two

purposcs:

To

supplemcnt

the red

paper

in light

proofing

the

cartridge,

and to

permit

the

rt'cording,

by

light,

of

the

writing

upon

the

film.

OPENING

THE

KODAK.

I. Take

a

position

as

far

as

possible

from

any window.

Hold Kodak

in the

left

hand

and

pull

back catch

in

center

of

top

of in-

strument,

See

Fig.

I.

Frc.

II.

RruovrNc

Top.

Loosen

top

by

gently

lifting

up wiilr

both

thumbs,

and

remove

by

pressing

up

with

forefingers

as

shown in Fig.

II.

Frc. lII.

II. In

the film

pocket

at one end of

the

Kodak

will be seen

a metal spool having a slit

iu.it,

This

is

the reel.

which

must now

be

removed irs

the cartridge is

to be inserted

in

this

pocket.

III. Remove

metal spool

by

catching

it

n'ith the

thumb

and

forelinger of the rigbt

hand, arrd lift same

out.

See

Fig. III.

IV. Remove

the

gummed

slip

that holds

the end of red

paper,

from

the cartridge, and

thread

tapered end of red

paper

into

the

slot

of the empty spool,

so tha,t

the sli,t itt, the end,

I

oJ

spool

tui.l,l, be at the top,

tuhile ct't

.the

same

time

the

slit a,t encl, of

full,

spool,

taill be at the

bottom

oJ the cartridge.

Then

give

the

empty

spool

three or four

turns, or until

the

black

(6)

(7)

tlre

pockets,

push

both

as far

dolvn

as

poss;-

ble

in

order

that

the

tension

springs

at tlie

side of

the film

pockets

may hold

thern

securelS

in

place,

creating

sufficient

drag

to draw

tle

fllm

taut,

and afford

perfect

register

of focai

plane.

The

paper

should

now

be

in

position

as

shown

in Fis.

VI.

Frc. VI.

SnowrNc

PosrrroN

op PlPrn.

VII.

Replace

top

of Kodak

by reversing

opcration

shown

in

Fig.

II, Page

6.

Before

fasterring

the catch,

however,

press

down slightly

on

ttrp and

turn

winding kcy

toward

front of

Kodak, until

the web on the

kcy

engages in

slit in top

of

spool.

The

top of

Kodak

will not

go

fully into

place

until

winding web is thus seated.

(Whethcrweb

is

seated

or not may be

readily determined

by

watching through

the

little

window

to see

whcther

or not

the

paper

moves

when

key

is

turned). Then slide catch

over to

secure.top.

NoTE: If cover

is

not

properly

fftted, Iight will

be adrnitted

to the fllrrr,

Throughout the

Joregoi,ng

opera,tions,

from

the

tim,e

tlrc

gu,mnted

slitrt

is

cut on

,the

freslt

roll

of

fr.lnz

unti,l th,e to(t

is once

more

in

place,

lceep th.e red

paper

wound,

tightla on the roll.

If

it

is

ctllowed, to loosen,

light

wiU be

ad,mitted,

and

the

film

fogged,.

(e)

Frc.

VII.

VIII.

The

roll

of

film

in the

camera is

covered

with red

paper

and ttris

must be

reeled

off before a

picture

can be taken,

Turn

the key

slowly toward front of Kodak and

wateh in

the little red window

at the back of

the

camera.

See

Fig.

VII.

PART

II.

MAKING

THE

EXPOSURES.

A

/n

Before

making

an exposure

with

the

Vest

Pocket

Autographic

Kodak

Srtecial,

:f.7.7,

either

time

or instantaneous,

be sure

of

three

tlrings:

Frnsr-That

the

shutter

is

adjusted

properly.

(For

time.

instantaneous

or

bulb exposnres,

a,s

desired.)

(n)

:IF

'tt.

When

15

to

l8 half-turns

have been

given,

a

hand

pointing

toward the

No. I

exposure

will

appear,

then

turn slowly

until the

figure

1

appears

before the window.

The

film is now in

position

for

making

the

first

picture.

(ro)

Sncosn-'Ihat the

diaphragm

stop is

set at

tlte

proper

opening,

Tnrnn-That

an

unexposed

section

of the

film rs

tumed

into

position.

SECTION

I.

Operating

the

Shutter.

Perfect

familiarity

with the

shutter

is essen-

tial

to

successful

picture

taking

with

any

camera.

As the

shutter

on the

Vest Pocket

Auto-

graphic

Kodak

Special,

f

7.7, is equippecl

wiilr

the

Autotime

Scale,

the

following

directions

should

be

carefully

reacl

ancl

the

shutter

oper-

atecl

several

times

before

threadinE

the

filnr

up

for

use.

Directions

Ior

Using

the

Autotime

Scale

in

Connection

with

the

Vest

Pocket

Autographic

Kodak

Special,

f

7.7.

I.

This

shutter

is

always

set.

To

make

an

exposure

simply

place

the

indicator

.,A"

at

the

point

desired

(for

kind

of

exposure)

and

press

dolvn

on spring

actuateci

lever

located

immediately

back

of the

camera

front.

,

NoTE-\\'hen.rnakinE

the

exposltre.

lrress

the

shut_

{:el'.lever

.s10,rlil.

so Rs to

avoid

.iarrirrg

the

Kodak.

If.the

Koda.k

is rro[

he]d

steadiiy

a

Ut-urieif

tl;til;

will result.

Indicator

A at

"T"

sets

for

time

exposure.

Press

the

lever

lirmly.

This

opens

the

shut_

ter.

Time

exposure

by

a

watch.

Again

press

the

lever.

This

closes

the

shutter.

Great care

should

be

taken

not to

jar

the

camera.

Indicator

at

"B"

makes

bulb

exposure'

the

shutter

remaining

open

as

long

as

the lever

is

held

down

and closing

when

it is released'

Inclicator

at 25

ot 50

gives

speed

of

approxi-

mately

1'25

and

1 50

of

a secorrd'

Kind

oi

Light.

'I'oP

Soarn.

II. OnntNanv

INsrlxrlxnous

Exposunrs-

Set

indicator

A

according

to the kind

of light'

"

Brilliant"

or

"Clear."

BnrrruNr-Or

intense

sunshine'

llse

onlg

lvhen

sunshine

is

clear

and

intense

ancl

is

shining

directly

on

the

principal

part

of

the

picture,

Cr,n,rn

This

is

used

for

all

ordinary

sunshine

and

also

for

intense

sunshine,

when it is ztof

shining

directly

on

principal

part

of

picture

or

lvhen

part

of

the

subjeet

is in shadow.

When

the subject

is

in the

shadow

or during

cloudy

weather,

it

will

be necessary

to make

a

time exposure,

in order

to obtain

a sufficient

illumination-under

such

conditions

the cam'

'era

should

be set

on some

steady

support

and

the indicator

set at

"T"

or

"B"

as

the

judgment

of

the operator

may

direct.

With

"brilliant"

or

"clear"

the camera

may

be

held

in

the

hands.

Kind

oI

Picture.

Borrou Soaln.

III' set

indicator

"8"

according:to

kind

of

picture.

Crouns-Use

this

division

for

no

other

subjects.

03)

(rz)

fI-rnrxr:

\'rr-n-

-

When

vierv

is

nearly

all

rvater. s.ith

ships

or

yachts

at

a long

distance,

This

division

may

also be

used

for

distant

viex's,

such

as

landscapes,

mountain

vieu.s,

etc., n'here

the rl'hole

vierv

is

removed

some

distance.

or

in other

words,

a

general

view,

tr:itltout

a

principal

object

in the

foreground.

Excrprros-]Iarine

or distant

views

may

be

taken

at

open

lens and

instantaneous

r,vhen

conditions

retluire

it,

such

as

from

decks

of

moving

r-essels lvhen

the

light

is

poor.

Avtnrcn

Yrr.n-

I'onrnlrr-A

Eencral

lancl-

'

scape

u:i,tlt

ct

prittcipct"l

object

in

the

fore.

gt'ound,

the

general

landscape

being

in

ilre

nature

of

a background

to

ilre

principal

object.

For

viervs

less

than

one hundred

feet

distance

and

for

general

portraiture.

When

the

subject

is

on the

shady

side

of

a

buildingrvith good

reflected

light

set

ilre lower

pointer

at

Portrait and

use

"Clear"

for

tirne.

MovrNc

On;rc.rs-Uset

for

all

moving

objects

and for

all

near

viervs

rvhere

ilre

principal

object

does

not

receive

the

direct

lrght

of the

sun

or sky.

Use

also

for

near

objects

of

gen-

eral

red,

green,

brown

or

black

color.

.

Nolc

-lix1,ose

llrvur.s

fol.

tlre

lrrineiplsl

subiect

ilr

I nc

l)tcture

w lriclr

J

uu

rv

ish

to

brins,

out.

.

General.

IV.

Moving

objects

recluire

.ilre

use

of

"brilliant"

and

"moving

objects."

Ordinary

moving

objects,

such

as

people

walking,

street

traffic,

etc.,

can

be taken

wiilr

"brilliant"

or

"clear"

ancl

"moving

objects."

In

case

it is

clesirable

to cut

dorvn

the

aper-

ture

in

orcler

to

gain th€ full

depth

of

the

focus

of

your

lens

it is

only

necessarlr

to move

the

indicator

"8"

to

"clouds"

or

stop

!-'32

and

make

a short

time

exposure

setting

indicator

A at

,,'f"

or

..8",

as

the

judgment

of

the

operator

maY

direct.

In

cities

where

the

light

is rnodified

by

ltigh

buildings

use

slightll'

largel

aperture

than

indicated.

The

markings

are

f

or

Summer

at

mid-day'

During

Winter

or for

morning

or

afternoon

rrse

next

larger

aperture

than

indicated'

SECTION

II.

If

prefelrecl

the following

instructions

may

be

ttsetl.

"SnaP

Shots"

!'or

trll

ordinary

Instantaneous

Exposures'

Frnsr-Set

the

indicator

A

at 25

or

50'

This

adjusts

the shutter

for

instantaneous

expo-

sures

of

1-25

and

1-50

of

a second'

Sr:coNn-Set

the

indicabor

B

at

f

i'7'

Lever

B controls

the

Iris

diaphragm,

and

/'7'7

is

tltt:

proper

opening

for

ordintrry

instantaneous

exposures.

'furnu-Press

clown

on spring

actuated

lever,

immediately

back

of

camera

front'

This

rnakes

the exPosure.

Norr:

In

bright

light,

set

the

lever

at

t)0,.

Ure

hiebeFt

st'ee(I.

lll

mole

slllldued

liAnts

ser au

zD'

irLii do

ni't

a.tl,et)tl)c

to

lnake anI

illstant'aneuus

exposltres

in

very dull

light.

(14)

(15)

Time

Exposures.

F-rnsr-Set

ilre

levcr

A

at

ilre

point

T

(timd.

'I'his

ndjrrsts

thc

shutter

for

time

exposures.

Srcoro-Set

the

leYer

B

^t

.f.7.7,11,

t6,

22 or

3?.

accordine

to

ilre

time

of

exposure

and

nature

of

srrltject.

See instructions

for

use

of

stops, page

gJ.

Trrrno-Press

down

on

spring

actuaterl

lever.

Tltis

opens

tlie

shutter.

'lime

exposlrc

blr

a

watch.

Aeain press

the

lever.

This

<,lirses

the

shutter.

Bulb

Exposures.

When

it

is

rlesirable

to

make

a very

sltort

time

exposure

ilris

is

best

nccomplislred

by

tnaking

a

"bulb

cxposure."

Frnsr-Set

the

indicator

A

at

the

Foint

,,8,,

(bulb).

fhis

adjusts

ilre

shuttcr

for

bulb

exposures.

Sr:coxo-Sctthe

indicator

B

controllins

flre

stops,

at

f.7,7,

tL,16,

Z.J

or

B?,

as

desired.

See

page

35.

THrnn-Press

lever

to

open

the

shutter.

ancl

release

it

to

close

the

shutter.

'Ihis

makcs

the

exposure.

The

shutter

rvill

remain

operr

as lolg

as

the

ler.er

is

undcr pressurc.

Iulontaxr.

Never

oil

slrutter.

In

case

of

acciderrt,

re_

turn

Ko<lak

to

your

dealer

or

to

us

for

repairs.

The

Lens.

The

Vest

Pocket

Autographic

Kodak

S1:.teci,ctl,

f.7.7,

is

etluipped

lviilr

a

Kodak

Anastigmat

lens,

the

speecl

of

which

is

indicated

*V.i.l

tneaning

that

it

will

cut

sharp

to

the

corrrers

at

l/

7.7 of

its

focal

length.

Get

Acquainted

With

Your

Lens'

The

user

of

any

lens

should

familiarize

him-

self

ivith

its

limitations,

as

well as

with its

capabilities.

This

is

particularly

true in

the

czr,se

of

the

Anastigmtats,

and

rve

therefore

ask

that

those

who

are

not

entirely

familiar

u'ith

photographic

optics,

read

the following

brief

exptanation,

that

they

may

get

the

full

benefit

of

the

power

of

their

lens'

and

that,

on

tlte

other

hand,

they

do not

ask

of

it

the

im-

possible. It

should

be

borne

in

mind,

horv-

ever,

that

rvhat

we have

to

say

here

is

applicable

only

to lenses

such

as

are

supplied

on

ttie Vest

Pocket

Autographic

Kodak'

These

directions

make

no

pretention

to covering

the

entire

field

of

photographic

optics'

In

comparing

the

work

of one

lens

rvith

another

you

must,

first

of

all, remember

that

such

comparisons

must

be

made

with

a stop

opening

of

the

same

relative

size'

In

com-

paring the

Arrastigmat

with

the

Meniscus

Achromatic,

with

rvhich

the

regular

Vest

Pocket

Autographic

Kodak

is

equipped,

do

,not

expect

as

great

depth

of

focus

with

yolr

Anastilmatset

at

an

opening

of

f'7'7

as.the

Meniscus

lens

gives at its

largest

openlng'

/.r1.t.

TheAnastigtnat

atl'11

willgive

greater

depth

of

focus

than

the

Meniscus

of

the

same

foial

length

with

approximately

the

same

opening,

*ttit",

on

the

other

hand,

the

Men-

iscus

will not

work

aI

all

at

f

'1'7

'

NorE :

It shoulrl

be

borne

in

mind

that.the

shorter

trr"jit:rgtii6fiJciis,

ltte

sreater

thc

deptlr

of Joctts'

fnli "iirl"i""

*hy

ver'y.sinall

canreras'

suclr

&s^

tl)e

\ est Pocket

Aut()grallnlc

kirrlak'

ean

ltave

"

ll{*::4

r,riris;'

1l,"movabie1,'

t'

trite

larger

carlrera's

are

arl

lrade so they

can

be

focused'

(16)

(rr)

What

Depth

ol Focus

Means.

Suppose

norv

that

you

are

using

your

Anas_

tigmat

at

the

full

opening./.f.f.

An

object

t0

feet

distant

x'ill

be

absolutely

sharp,

objects

6

and

25

feet

distant,

rvhile

not

as

sharp,

will

be

sharp

enough

for

all

ilractical

purposes.

Stop

your

Anastigmat

down

to

/.f1.

and

those

objects

each

side

of

ilre

exact

point

of

focus

will

rnaterially

increase

in

sharpness.

Go

further

arrd

use

stop

f.zL, or

a

still

smaller

stop,

and

cverything

from

5 feet

on to

infinity

will

be

sharp.

It will

thus

be

seen

ilrat

ilre

srnaller

the

stop

the

greatcr

the

depth

of focus,

i.

e.,

the

greater

ilre

power

of

ilre

lens tc,

sharply

deline.

But

it

is

obvious

ilrat

with

the

small

stops

the

exposure

must

be

cor-

respondingly

lengtherrecl.

ANASTIGMAT

SPEED.

IJsing a

stop

of

f.tl.

or

smaller,

the

advan_

tages

of

the

Anastigmat

over

ilre

\.{eniscus

Achromatic

lens

is

an

improvement

in

dclini_

tion

and

in the

corrections

of

lines,

But let

us

suppose

that

we

desire

to

take

a

picture

on

a

cloudy

day.

What

do we

find?

The

/,

value

of the

lens

denotes

the

relation

of the

opening

in that

lens

to

its

focal

length.

Sup-

pose

then,

that

we are

using

the

Nleniscus

Achromatic

lens,

(3

inch

focus),

speed

/.u.e,

and

an

Anastigmat

lens,

speed,

/.?.2

of the

same

length

of focus,

3 inches.

How

do they

compare

in

speed

? To

reduce

this

to

its

simplest

terms,

we

will

divide

ilre

focal

length

(three

inches) in each case

b]'

the

value.

g

'.-

ll.8:265

3':-

7.7--389

It

will thus be seen

that

in

using the

l'Ienis-

cus

lens the largesb

opening

is

265-1000

of an

inch in

diameter

and,

rvith the

Anastigmat

389-1000

of an inch,

I'he

amount of ligltt aci-

mitted

by a lens in

a

given

time depencls, of

course,

upon

the area of

the opening

at th:rt

time being

used in

that lens. The

amount of

light

admitted

in

a

given

time

with the-se

different

lenses

would,

therefore, be in direct

proportion

to

the

square

of their

diameters.

flere,

then,

ornitting

the

fractions,

is the

result :

f,,Ieniscus

Achromatic

lens 265 x 265: 102

Anastigmat

Ierrs,

389 x 389:1513

We

thus find

that the

speed

of the Anastig-

mat

is double

thespeed

of

the \'Ieniscus

lens,

it therefore

admits

twice as

much light

as Ure

Meniscus

in a

given

amourrt

of

time. Therein

lies

the

greatest

Anastigmat

advantage.

But

simply

because

it

has

tltis

speed,

you

don't

ahvays

need

to use

it. The speed

must

be

uscd rvith

discretion,

just

as

greater

care

is re-

quired

in

operating

arr

automobile

than in

operating

a bicycle.

Under

conditions

that would

give

you good

results

with a lleniscus

lens atl.11.3,

use stop

/.11,

with

your

Ar.rastigmat,

don't

use

the

largest

opening

for every

occasion

use

it

only

for

emergency. Your

greatest

Anastig-

(18)

(

le)

mat

adr-antage

lies

in thc

fact

ilrat

when

the

ligirt

is so

poor

that

you

cannot

gct

a

properly

tirned

negatir-e rvith

your

Nleniscus

Icns

at

its

greatest

opening,/.11.3,

withoutresorting

to

a

time

exposure,

you

can

open

up

your

Anas-

tigmat

to

its full openirrg

and

get

a

successful

snap

shot.

A LAW

OF

OPTICS.

The

larger

the stop

opening,

the

less

depth

offocus.

This

is

not arule

covering

any

par.

ticular

lens that \,ve

or

anyone

else

exploits.

It's

as

fixed as the

course

of

the

planets.

\Yith

a large

opening,

depth

of

focus

must

bc

sacrificed.

In

this

matter

of

opening,

then,

tlre

difflercnce

betrveen

tlre

]\Icniscus

arrd

ilrc

Anastigmat

is this:

I'he

Anastigmat

will

cut

shzrrp on objects

over the

entire

picture,

wiilr

a large

opening,

admitting

a

large

amount

of

light,

thus

requiring

a

relatively

short

ex-

posure

;

but when

this

large

operring

is

used,

there is

no

great

depth of

focus.

(With

the

very

short focus

lenses,

however.

such as

are

used

on the

Vest Pocket

Autographic

Koclak,

this

quality

is

negligible).

The

N{eniscus

lens

rvill

not

cut the errtire

picture

sharp

with

its

largest opening.

With the

srnaller

openings,

as

/.11.,

etc., the

Anastigrnat

has

grcater

depth

of

focus

and

gives

sharper

clefinition

over the

entire

picture.

DEDUCTIONS.

It is

perfectly

evident

then

that

it

is best

to

use only a

moderately

Iarge

stop

opening,

(say

/.ff

)

even

with

the

Anastigmat,

:and

tirne

accordingly

when conditions

will

permit.

Horvever.

when

the light

is

dull and

a snap

shot

is

desired,

the full

opening

may be

used.

SECTION

III.

Instantaneous

Exposures.

("SN.qp

Snors.")

In

taking

instantaneous

exposures

theobject

should

be in

the broad,

operr

sunlight,

but

the

camera

should

not.

l'he sun should

be behind

the back

or

over

the shoulder

of

the operator.

If

it

shines

directly

into

the lens

it

will

blur

and

fog

the

picture,

(zr)

@o)

Opening

and

Focusing

the

Camera.

I.

Grasp the

instrument

in

the

left

hand,

and

'lvith

the

thumb

and

forefinger

of

the

right

hand,

take

hold

of the

lips

at

right

and

left

of front.

See ['iE.

I.

Frc.

IL

II. Extend bellows

by

pulling

out front

to

limit of motion with

a firm,

quick

movement,

being sure that

it drarvs out

straigbt and true.

The camera

is

then

in

focus.

See

Fig. IL

To make a vertical

picture,

aim the

camera

at the object

to be

photographed

and locate

the image

in the

finder.

See

l'ig.

III.

l'rc.

III.

Always

look

into

the finder

from

directly

over

it, not

a't

a,rL

angle.

'lhefinder

shows

the

scope

of

view

and

is

a facsimile

of

what

the

picture

will

be.

I{olcl

the camera

steady'

as

the

least

jarring

will

cause

a

blurred

negative

-hold

it

level

as

shown

in

Fig.

III'

and

press

th,e

leuer.

This

molces

tlrc

erposu're'

To make

a horizontal

picture,

reverse

the

findcr

ancl

hold

Koclak

as shown

in

Fig'

IV'

Any

object

that

does

not

show

will not show

in the

Picture.

(22)

(ss)

in

the

findgr

EEI

VlfW INCLUDi:D u Ha\ llAKlNC VIE\V INCLUDED !i/HEN

MAKINC

A

HORIZO\TAL PiCTIRL

A

VERTICALPICTURE.

F'rc.

V.

It will be

noticed that

the top

of

the {inder

is notched

as shown

in Fig.

V, This is

done

str

that the

one linder will

correctly

show

thc

view

included

rvhen the

Kodak

is held

in

either

horizontal

or

vertical

position.

As

the

picture

taken rvith

the

Vest Pocket

Auto-

graphic

Kodak

Speci.al is oblong

it will

readily

be

seen

that

unless the

finder

was

made

irr

this rnanner,

it lvould

not

correctly

show

the

exact

view

intende<l

when

held

in eiflrer'

positiol.

Remember

that

<lnly the

view

indicated

within the

dotted

lineswill

sholv

in the

picture.

:

The

Kodak

Must

Be

Held

Level.

If

the

operator

attempts

to

photograph

a

tall

building

while

standing

near

it,

by

point-

ing

the

camera

upward

(thinking

thereby

to

center it)

the

result

will

be similiar

to

Fig.

VI.

This was

poiuted

too

high.

This

buildine

shoukl

have

been

taken

from

the

middle

story

window

of the

building

opposite.

The

operator

should

hold

the cameraleael,

after

withclrawing

to

a

proper

distance,

as

indicated

by

the image

shown

in

the finder'

Frc.

VI.

If

the object

be

down

low

like

a small

child

or

a dog,

the Kodak

shnuld

be held

down

level

with

the center

of

the obiect

Norn:

When Koda,k

is not

in

use be

especially

caietut'not

to

expose

face

of

instrument

to direct

rays

of the

sun.

@4)

Qs)

Frt;. VlI.

THE AUTOGRAPHIC

FEATURE.

The Autographic

Kodak has a

small tloor

on the back, covering a narrow

slot

tlrrough

which the

writing

is done upon the red

paper.

The siot

is

provided

witb

an automatic

safety

spring

border

which operates

when the door

is

open

to

press

the

papers

into contact with

back of the film, thus securing thb sharp

print-

ing

of the image of the writing and

preventihg

the diffusion of light

around the

edges of

the

slot.

This

slot

is located so

that

normally

the

writing

comes

between the exposures.

:#

Frc' VIII.

Position

of

pencil

(or

stylus)

when

wtiting

record

data

on

Autographic

Film

Cartridge

used

in

AutograPhic

Kodak'

THE

OPERATION.

After

the

picture

is

taken

open

the

door,

by

lifting

it

upwardswith

the

thumb.

(F

jg.

vII')

Use

the stylus,

or

a

smooth

pointed

pencil'

hetd

in

as

upright

a

position

as

is convenient,

and

write

on

the strip

of

exposed

red

paper

any

memorandum

desired,

such

as

the

title

of

the

pieture,

the

date,

or

details

in

regard

to

the exposure,

light,

stops,

etc.

(Fig.

VIII.)

The

following

"

Autoeiraphic

Reibrd

Strip

"

is

printecl

merely

to suggest

a few

of

the

thousand

and

one

ways

in

which

autographic

records

may

be

used

to

add

value

to

your

negatives.

o1\

(26)

,

4+h-

11.

B0r<x

-Soao.

Ca{q,L*-

8/q/1+

J-pl4-

anls

[.".sa

AN AUTOGRAPHIC

NEGATIVE.

To

get

a clear

impression,

press

firmly

on both

up

and down strokes. Whi.l,e

urit-

ing, or aftemuards,

'the

sun shotcld

not

be

allou;ecl to

sltine

ttpon th,e

paper.

Tl:'e action

of the

pencil

or stylus so affects the tissue as

to

permit

the light to record the

writing

upon

the fllm. After finishing

the writing, the door

should

be left

open

for

the

printing,

in

accord-

ance

with the following table.

INc*lrsonscnNr

LroiIr-distance

2

i nches, 50

to

60 seconds.

Wrirsnacn

Lrcnt-distance

6

inches.

30 to 60

seconds,

Close

the door

before

winding

a new

ffIm

into

place.

Caution.

In

order

to locate

the

writing

accurately

in the

space

between

the

negatives

it is important

that the film

should

be

turned

so

that the

exposure

number

centers

perfectly

in

the red

windo.w

of

the Kodak.

If

a

pencil

be used,

the

point

must

be

dry

and

it must

not

be of

the " indelible

"

variety,

Turn

a new

film

into

position:

Turn

the

key

in top

of camera slorvly

to

the left

until

the next number

appearsbefore

the red

win-

dorv

(I'age

10,

Fig. VII).

I'hree

or four

turns

will be sumcient

to accomplish

this.

Itepeat

the foregoing

operations

for

each

picture.

NorR-

The rvarning

itrdex

ha,nd al)pcal's

onl)-

be-

fore

No.

1.

Important.-When

you

have

used

the last

exposure

(No.8)

on

your

roll

of film

and have

rnade

the

autographic

record

of

it in

accord-

ance

rvith'the

foregoing

directions,

turn

the

winding

key

of the Kr:rdak

until

a letter

(A)

appears

in

the center

of

the

window

in

the

back

of

Kodak. Raise

the door

and

write

your

tffcara

et-}",t'tffvt

+"^t

d,"4,

1\ti.tri

t.

-tc..,.rra

f,o

.tu*,}C

f|gf5

)iltn*,ai'*aE*

OJ4d{

{+o,.qi,^4

€d&&,

t?"qof

ln

tao

*n-n a{lrnr"q

tanr,

t/A

ao4

Ae<-k

#4-7

t/61t4

Pji'"q r-*^f,i''];.A-'3lSl'+

O;.t^x"-f,

Iat-

r/1lr*

O..r*t

u'rlt cYr.vpfforl-

(Erpose

to the

slca

bwt

not

to

the

sun).

I

i INDOORS

CLOSE

I

OUT

Or.Doons

I

ro

wrNnow

uR-t,t"NT

ttc"T

Z

t" f, S"-"a"

I

n t,o f So.r-"r*

-

,,-.o

"rona-.-

ll

t,,

ro s""-t,r"

I0

t. 15 S""""d-

11l<ragrti,t-

1u*,4tt*-

5h h q

Aoo&^{

c+{i.&&J3^d-

+**x-t

<t"i

,"'tnr^'

t^tn

glrl,+

(28)

\291

name on

tiie red

paper,

expose

it

to the

sky

the

same as

rras

done

s'hen making

the exposure

records,

then

close

the

door and finish

wind-

ing

film

ancl

red

paper

for removal

from the

Kodak.

Your

fiim

is now

ready

to

send

toyour

rinisher,

and

when

developed

will be readily

identified

br-

the

autographic

copy of

your

name

s'h;cir

1-ou

wrote

on the

rcd

paper.

Close

the door

before

winding a new film into

place.

SECTION

IV.

Time

Exposures-Interiors.

1.

\\'hen

it is desired

to

make a vertical

exposure.

pull

dolvn

the lever

underneath

lou'er

part

of

front,

which will

act as a

sup-

port,

and

place

camera

in

position

on some

flrm base,

such

as a

chair or table,

as shown

in

Fie. I.

Frc. I.

M,rxrxc

l

Trun Exposunn.

Set

camera

in

such

a

position

that

the

finder

will

embrace

the

view

desired'

The

diagram

shows

the

proper

positions

for

the

camera'

ii

ttto"fa

"ot

u"

pointed

directly

at

a

window'

Dr.lcn.au

SnowrNo

Posrrroxs

on

Clunu'

as

the

glare of

light

will

blur

the

picture'

If

uir

ir't"

*i"aows

cannot

be

al'oided'

pull

down

the shades

of

such

as

come

wiurin

the

range

of

the

camera.

When

it

is desired

to

make

a horizontal

time

exposure,

place

camera

as

shown

in

Fig'

II'

Frc'

II'

All

beiirg

in

readiness,

set

the

slrutter

as

described

on

page

16'

push the

lever'

once

to

.O""

""a

tgultt

to

close

the

shutter'

l]ime

the

exPosure

bY

a

watch'

(31)

t\

G0)

Another

Method.

Another

wayof

making

short.time

exposures

which

has much to recommend

it is

as f ollows

:

Hold

the

palm

of

the

hand before

the

front

of the

Koclak,

so

as to

cover

the

lens and

ex-

clude all

light

(see

Fig. III).

Press the

reiease

to

open the shutter;

remove

the

hand ancl

give

the

proper

exposure;

replace

the

hand

in

front of lens and again

press

the release

to

close

shutter,

Frc. II1.

Some

experienced amateurs

prefer

this

method with any camera not having

a

pneu-

matic release, as it

practically

does

away with

all

danger of

jarring

the

instrument during

exposure,

and thus blurring the

picture.

Tunr

rnl; Kr:y.

After making the

Autographic

record,

turn

a new

fihn into

position,

as descnbed

befoie.

See

page

29,

Tun

Kon.l,x rs Nor'v

Rr,:.lr>y r,'on rsn Nr,:xr

Ixrunron

Exposunr.

Follow

the

directions

given heretofore

for

each

successive

exPosure.

\,Vhen

the

last

Interior

Exposure

is made'

adjust

the

shutter

for

instantaneous

exposures

as

before

directed.

Time

Needed

lor

Interior

Exposures'

Tlie

following

table

gives the

time

of

the

exposure

requirecl

under

varying

conditions

of

tlght

with

stop

/.10

in

the

lens'

If

stop

/'1r

is

used,

give

only

one-half

the

time'

with

/'7'7

give one-fourth

the

time,

if stop

f'22

is

used

give twice

the

time

of

the

table,

al f '32

give

iour

times

the

time

of

the

table'

'fhe

smaller

the stop

the

sharper

the

picture'

Stop

No'

16

gives

the

best

average

results

for

interiors'

White

walls

and

more

than

one

window:

bright

sun

outsicle,-

4 seconds;

hazy

sun'

l0seconds;

ctctiidY

brjght,

20 seconds;

cloudy

dull,

40

seconds'

White

walls

and

onlY

one

window

l

brie'ht

sun

outside,

6 seconds;

'haaY

sun.

15 seeon'Is;

-

ctorittY

bright'

:10 seconds;

cloudY

dull.

60

seconds'

Medium

colored

walls

and

hangings

and

more

than

one

window:

brisht

sun

outside'

8 seconds;

hal.Y sun,

20 seconds;

cloritt.Y brignt'

40 secon(ls;

cloudi

dull,

80

seconds'

Medium'

colored

walls

and

hangings

and

orrly

one

window:

briEht

sun

outside,

12 seconds;

hazy

sun,

30

seconds;

cloridY

bright,

60

seconds;

cloudY

dull'

120 seconds'

\-

(32)

(3r)

Dark colored

walls ancl liangings arcl nrore

tlran one x'indolr':

briglit sun outside,

20

seconds;

hazl'

sun,40 seconds;

cloud-v bri

ght,

80 seconds

;

<:loudl-

dull,

2 minutes, 40 seconds.

Dark

colored

u'alls

and

hangings

and only one

rvinclow:

bright sru outside, 40 secolrds;
hazt- sun. 80 seconds;
cloudlr bright,

2 rninutes, 40

seconds:

cloud-v drill, 5

rninutes,

20 seconds.

The foregoing is calculated for rooms rvhosc

rvindows

get

the clirect light

from the sky ancl

for hours from three hours after sunrise until

three hours before sunset.

If earlier or later the time reotrired r'r'ill be

longer,

Kodak Portrait

Attachment.

By means of a Kodak Portrait AttaclrnrenL

used with the

Vest

Pocket Autographic Kodak

Strteci,al

f,7.7,

head artd

shoulder

pictures

of

increased

size may

be obtained,

With

the Kodak Portrait Attachrnent in

position

the subject sltould be

placed

\Yt feet

from the

lens.

'Ihe

attachment is simply an extra lens

slippecl over lens

opetring, and

in

no wa],

alfects

the

operation of the

carnera except to

change

the focus. Price,

50 r:ents. Be sure

and specify

what

carnera the attachment is

to be usecl with'rvhen orclering.

Time Exposures in

Open Air.

Wlren

the

stop

J.32

is in the

lens the light

admittecl is

so much reduced that time

expo-

sures

out

of

doors

may

be

made

the

same

as

interiors,

but

the

exposure

must

be

much

shorter.

lVrrn

SuNsnrNr-'I'he

shutter

can

hardly

be

opened

ancl

closecl

quickly enough

to

avoid

over

exposure.

W'rtn

Lrciu'r

Clouns-From

l-5

to

%

second

will be

sufficient.

Wrrn

Hnavv

Cr.ouos-From

I

to 3

secollds

will

be required'

The

above

iscalculated

for

hours

from

three

hours

after

sunrise

until

three

hours

before

sunset

and

for

objects

in

the

open

air'

For

other

hours,

or

for

objects

in

the

shadow'

under

porches

or under

trees,

no

accurate

directions

can

be

given; experience

only

can

teach

the

Proper

exposure

to

give'

T'ime

exposures

cannot

be

made

while

the

camera

is held

in

the

hand'

Always

place it

upon

scllne

firm

support

such

as

a

chair

or

table.

DIAPHRAGMS.

The

stops

should

be

used

as

follows:

F.?.?-l'or

exposures

of

moving'

o-ljects',with

sn;til,r

sr]eea

or

1-50 second;

occasionally

for slorver

iii"".r-"r i-25 on

elou,ly

tl.rl's :

f"r

in(loor

lx'rtririts'

ahit

f"r

a,lI

ordinaly

exl)osures

r)f

l-50

of-a

stcollo'

--nir-l'oi
exposuies

of

1-25

second

when

the

sun

t$lr?l-"n"

exposures

of 1-25

seco-nd

when

tlle

s^un-

tic:nt

is

unusia,lly

strollt{

a'nd

there

are

no

neavy

"ii,a.*"- sueh as-

in

views

on

the

seashol'e

of

^on

;;ti"r.

*i*;

i;"

irrtelior

tirne

exl)osures'

the

time

tor

i"iiii.n

is

g

i,ven

itr the

table

on

ptge

30'

'

F.iz

n"ii'az-For

interiors.

Fot

tilne,

exl)osures

out

<lf

doors

in deep

shadow

or

on

verl"

clou(ly

(lal-s'

kiitii fiiiiit"ntaieou,s

ert)osure$'

Tlre

srnaller

tlre

"l'i,il)f,'ti?l'ii'i'.:nf.fii"$'iire

res.rt

i

r

l'ou

use the

sruallest

stop

for

instantaneous

exl)t)sures'

\--

(ea)

(

3F)

FLASH LIGHT

PICTURES.

By

the introduction of llastman

Flash

Sheets,

picture

taking at

night has been wonderfully

simplifled.

A

package

of flash

sheets, a

piece

of

cardboard,

a

pin

and a match

complete the

list of essential extras,

although a Kodak

Flash

Sheet

Holder is a

great

convenience.

With flash sheets no lamp is

necessary, there

is a minimum of smoke and

ttrey are far

safer

than any other self-burning

flash mediums,

besides

giving

a

softer light that

is less trying

to the eyes.

Many interiors

can be taken

with the

flasb

sheets that

are impracticable

by daylight,

either by

reason of a

lack of

illumination or

because there are windows

in the

direct line

of view which

cannot be

darkened

sufficiently

to

prevent

the

blurring of the

picture.

Evening

parties, groups

around

a

dinner or

card

table, or

single

portraits

may

be readily

made by the

use of our flash

sheets,

thus

enabling

the

amateur to

obtain

souvenirs of

many occasions, which,

but

for the

flash light

would be

quite

beyond

the range

of the

art.

Preparation for

the Flash.

The camera

should be

prepared

for

time

elposure, as directed

on

page

l6

of

this Manual

(except

that

stop

/.11

must be

used),

and

placed

on

some level support where,

it

will

take

in the view

desired.

Pin a flash sheet by

one

corner to a

piece

of

cardboard which

has

previously

been

fixed in

a

perpendicular

position.

If

the

cardboard

is

/s6)

white

it

will

act

as

a reliector

and

inereasd

the

strength

of

the

flash.

The

flash

sheet

should

ct'ltno,gs

be

placed

two

feet

behind.

and

two

or

three

feet

to

one

side

of

the camera.

If

placed

infront,

or

on

a line

with

front

of

Kodak,

the

flash

would

strike

the

lens

and

blur

the

picture.

It

should

be

placed

at

one

side

as

well

as

behind'

so

as

to

throw

a

shadow

and

give

a little

relief

in

the

lightins.

The

flash

should

be

at

the same

height

or

a little

higher

than

the

camera'

The

supportupon

which

the

flash

is

to be

made

should

not

project

far

enough

in

front

of it

to

castashadowinfrontof

the

Kodak.

Anextra

piece

of

cardboard

&

footsquare

placed

under

the fl

ash

sheet'rvill

prevent

any

sparks

from

the

flash

doing

damage.

However,

by

using

the

Kodak

Flash Sheet

Hold0f'

all

these

contingencies

are

taken

care

of,

and

we

strongly

advise

its

use.

The

Kodak

Flash

Sheet

Holder.

This

holder

may

be held

in

thehand,

crlua'E

sbet

w een

E

ou ond,

the

fl

o,sh

sheet.

Or

it may

be

used

on

any

KG'

dak

tripod,

being

provided

with

a socket

for

that

purpose. The

sheet

is

placed

in

position

in

the

center

of

the larger

pan

ori

the

round

opening

which

has

a raised

saw-tooth

edge

ex'

tending

half

way

around

it.

Press

with

the

thumb

on

the

sheet,

so

a slight

break

is

made

and

a

portion

of

the sheet

projects

partially

(3?)

s

through

the

opening.

Then to

insure

the

shects

being

more

securely fastened

press

around

the notched

edge, forcing

this

portion

of

flash

sheet

firmly into

position

on the

pan.

'I'hen

toset

of the flash,

merely

insert

a liglrted

match,

from

behind, through

the round

opening.

Taking

the Picture.

Having

the

Kodak and

the

flash

sheet

both

in

position

and

all being

in readiness,

open the

camera

shutter,

stand at

arm's

length

and

touch

a match, from

behind,

through

the

round

opening

in the

center.

Norr

: If

J'ou

&re

not

using the Kodak

I'lash

Sheet

I{older,

place

the match in

a

split

stick a,t least

t$'o

feet

long.

There will

be a bright

flash

which

will im-

press

the

picture

on the

sensitive

film.

Then

close the shutter,

make

the autographic

rec-

ord,

and turn a fresh

film into

place

with

the

key, ready

for

another

picture.

The Flash

Sheet.

The

size of the

sheet required

to

light

a room

varies with the

distance

of the

object

farthest

from

the

camera,

and the

color

of tlte walls

and hangings.

Table.

l'or

l0

feet

distance

and

light

walls

and

uselNo.lsheet.

For

10

feet disttr,rce

and

dark

rvalls

and

uselNo.2sheet.

tror

15

feet

distance

and

light

walls

and

uselNo.2sheet.

For

't5

feet

distance

and dark rva,lls

ancl

uselNo.3sheet.

hangings,

hangings,

haagings,

hangings,

NoTE:

Never

use more

than one

sheet

a,t

a tirne in

the

Kodak

Flash

Sheet llorder..

To M.a.xr

A PonrRArr-Place the sitter in a

chair

partly

facing the Kodak

(which

shouid

be

located sliglrtly higher than

an ordinary

table)

and

turn the

face slighUy towards the

instrument,

having the eyes

centered

on an

object

at

the

samb level with the

lens. The

prdper

distance from

the

camera to the

sub-

ject

can be ascertained

by looking at the

image

in the finder.

For a three-quarter

picture

this

will be from 6 to

8 feet, and for a

full

figure from 8 to

10 feet.

The

flash should be

on the side of the

Kodak

away

from the face, that

is, the

sitter should

not face

it. The flash

should not be higher

than the

head of the

sitter.

For using the

Portrait

Attachment.

see

page

34.

To Maxr:

.a,

Gnoup-Arrange the

chairs in

the

form of an arc,facing

the Kodak,

so that each

chair

will

be exactly the

same distance from

the camera.

Half

the

persons

composing tlte

group

should be

seated

and

the rest

should

stand behind the

chairs. If the

group

is large

any nuurber of chairs may

be used, but none

of the subjects should be

seated on

the

floor.

as sometimes seen in large

pictures,

because

the

perspective

would

be too violent.

Blcxcnouxos-In making single

portraits

or

groups,

care should be taken to have asuitable

background against which the

figur6 will show

in relief; a light

background is better than a

dark one, and often a single

figure or two will

show up well against alace

curtain.

Forlarger

groups

a medium light wall will

be suitable.

I

l

$

I

(

38) (3e)