eXtremeRAID™
Installation Guide
eXtremeRAID 1100
PCI to Ultra2 SCSI
RAID Controller
P/N: 775013-01
eXtremeRAID™
DAC1164P™
PCI to Ultra2 SCSI
RAID Controller
Installation Guide
775013-01
© Copyright 1999 Mylex Corporation.
All Rights Reserved.
All contents of this manual are copyrighted by Mylex
Corporation. The information contained herein is the
exclusive property of Mylex Corporation and shall not be
copied, transferred, photocopied, translated on paper, film,
electronic media, or computer-readable form; or otherwise
reproduced in any way, without the express written
permission of Mylex C orporation.
Greetings
Thank you for purc hasing the Mylex eXtremeRAID disk array controller. Requests for
technical information about this and other Mylex Corporation products should be made to
your Mylex authorized reseller or Mylex marketing representative.
Please Notice
Mylex is a registered trademark and eXtremeRAID and DAC1164P are trademarks of
Mylex Corporation.
Microsoft, MS-DOS, Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows NT are registered
trademarks o f the Microsoft C orporation. Novell an d NetWare are a registere d trademarks
of Novell corporation. SCO and UnixWare are registered trademarks of Santa Cruz
Operations. Other names that are tra dem arks may be used herein for the purpose o f
identifying the pr oducts or services of th eir respective owners.
Unless otherwise noted, companies, names and data used in examples herein are fictitious.
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Although reason able efforts have been made to assure the accuracy of the inf o r m ation
contained herein, this publication could include technical inaccuracies or typographical
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About This Manual
This installation guide covers hardware set-up and configuration procedu r es
necessary for the installation of a Mylex DAC1164P PCI to Ultra2 SCSI
RAID controller.
Chapter 1 describes the controller, standard package contents, and usersupplied items necessary for installation.
Chapter 2 describes the steps to be performed prior to controller installation.
Chapter 3 describes the physical installation of the DAC1164P controller.
Chapter 4 describes controller start-up and the BIOS resid e nt utilities.
Appendix A describes the memory and battery backup module.
Appendix B provides hardware and environmental specifications.
Appendix C describes error messages and problem correction.
Appendix D describes the PCI Hot Plug feature.
Appendix E provides enclosure management information.
Appendix F provides regulatory agency information.
Conventions
Throughout the manual, the following conventions are used to describe user
interaction with the product:
prompt This style of type indicates screen display messages
Enter Press the key labeled “Enter” (or “Delete”, etc.)
☛
Note
Supplementary information that can ha ve an effect on
system performance
m Caution
Notification that a proscribed action has the potential
to adversely affect equipment operation, system
performance, or data integrity
,
WARNING
Notification th at a proscribed action will
result i n equipment da ma ge , data loss, or p er s on al
injury
definitely
Contents
Chapter 1
Introduction
Product Description ...........................................................................1-1
Controller Features ....................................................................1-2
Operating System Support .........................................................1-2
Standard Package Contents .............................................................1-3
Hardware .................................................................................... 1-3
Software ..................................................................................... 1-3
User-supplied Items ..........................................................................1-4
Chapter 2
Preinstallation Planning
SCSI Termination .......................................................................2 -2
SCSI Cabling ...................................................... ........................2-4
SCSI Drive Preparation ...................................... ........................2-5
Mixing Narrow and Wide SCSI Drives ........................................2-5
Mixing LVD with Single-ended Drives ........................................2-5
Chapter 3
Installation
Before You Begin ..............................................................................3-1
Connectors, Jumper and LEDs .........................................................3-2
External SCSI Connectors ............................................ .............3-3
Safety Considerations .......................................................................3-4
Installing the Controller ......................................................................3-5
Chapter 4
Controller Start-up
Procedural Overview .........................................................................4-1
Controller Start-up .............................................................................4-2
BIOS Options Sequence ...................................................................4-2
Setting BIOS Options ................................................................4-3
Using RAID EzAssist .........................................................................4-5
Operating System .......................................... ...... ..............................4-7
Operating System Device Drivers .....................................................4-7
Global Array Manager (GAM) ............................................................4-7
In Case of Problems ..........................................................................4-7
775013 v
Appendix A
Memory Module and
Battery Backup Unit
Product Description ...........................................................................A-1
Features .....................................................................................A-1
DMM1100 Operation .........................................................................A-2
Battery Conditioning Prior to Use ...............................................A-2
Set-up – Enabling the Write-Back Cache ...................................A-2
Battery Backup Capacity ............................................................A-2
Maintenance ......................................................................................A-2
Removing the DMM1100 ............................................................A-3
DMM1100 Functional Description ......................................................A-3
Status Indication .........................................................................A-3
Battery and Charge Circuit .........................................................A-5
Recycling the Battery .................................................................A-5
DMM1100 Specifications ...................................................................A-6
On-board Battery ........................................................................A-6
Battery Charge Life ....................................................................A-6
Cache Memory ...........................................................................A-6
Module Dimensions ....................................................................A-6
Environmental ............................................................................A-6
Warranty .....................................................................................A-6
Appendix B
DAC1164P Specifications
General Hardware Specifications ......................................................B-1
eXtremeRAID 1164 ....................................................................B-1
Environmental Specifications .............................................................B-2
Appendix C
DAC1164P Error Messages
Error Messages ................................................................................ C-1
Start-up Error Messages ...........................................................C-1
Drive Check Error Messages ......................... ...... ...... ..... ........... C-1
Aborted Installation ...........................................................................C-2
NVRAM Error ............................................................................ C-3
System Reboot or Power Down ........................................................C-3
vi eXtremeRAID Installation Guide
Appendix D
PCI Hot Plug
Introduction ........................................................................................D-1
Implementation ..................................................................................D-1
NetWare .....................................................................................D-1
Windows NT ...................................... ..... ...... ...... ........................D-3
Appendix E
Enclosure Management
Introduction ........................................................................................E-1
SAF-TE ............................................................................................E-1
StorageWorks .................................................................................... E-2
Appendix F
Regulatory Information
FCC Class B Compliance ...........................................................F-1
FCC Declaration of Conformity ..................................................F-2
CE Declaration of Conformity .....................................................F-3
CE Community of Europe ..........................................................F-4
Underwriters Laboratories Statement and Warning ...................F-5
Glossary
775013 vii
viii eXtremeRAID Installation Guide
This chapter describes:
• The eXtremeRAID™ controller
• Standard package contents
• User supplied items
Chapter 1
Introduction
Figure 1-1. DAC1164P Disk Array Controller
Product Description
The Mylex eXtremeRAID 1100 (DAC1164P™) controller is a PCI to Ultra2
SCSI RAID controller with 64-bit PCI capability. With up to three Ultra2
SCSI channels, and a cache memory battery b acku p, this contro ller p ro vi des
the speed and functionality required by high demand server platforms.
775013 1-1
Product Description
Controller Features
Features of the DAC 1164P controller include:
• Up to three Ultra2 SCSI channels that support RAID levels 0, 1, 3, 5,
0+1, 10, 30, and 50.
• Low-Voltage Differential (LVD) Wide Ultra2 SCSI (Fast 40).
Controller also supports SCSI 1, 2, or 3, single-ended.
• High performance RISC processor and 16MB, 32MB, or 64MB
SDRAM cache (with parity) on a full-length, 64-bit PCI version 2.1
standard card.
• Memory module (DMM1100) with memory, battery backup, and
circuitry for monitoring the battery condition.
• 1MB, 8-bit flash EEPROM for BIOS and code.
• Built-in configuration utilities (in BIOS).
• Supports controll er r edundan cy u sing a shared SC SI b us in a clu sterin g
configuratio n.
• PCI Hotplug capability allows the DAC1164P to be swapped with a
replacement without powering down the system.
m Caution
Be sure the motherboard you are using supports PCI
Hotplug before attempting to use this feature, or
serious damage to the controller and/or the
motherboard could result.
Operating System Support
MS-DOS 5.x, 6.x, and above are supported using drivers that reside in the
eXtremeRAID BIOS. Many other popular operating systems are supported
using software drivers in the Disk Array Controller Software Kit that is
included with the DAC 11 64P controller (see the Disk Array Controller
Software Kit Installation Guide and User Manual – P/N 771929)
1-2 eXtremeRAID Installation Guide
Introduction
SCSIC
Standard Package Contents
The following items are supplied with the standard shipping package:
Hardware
• DAC 1164P Disk Array Controller with documentation on CD-ROM
• DMM1100 Memory Module with battery backup – pre-installed
Software
• RAID EzAssist disk array controller configuration utility with
documentation on CD-ROM
• Software Driver Kit with documentation on CD-ROM
• Global Array Manager (GAM) with documentation on CD-ROM
DAC1164P PCItoUltra2
Hardware Quick
Install Guide
Figure 1-2. Standard Package Contents
775013 1-3
Diskette
with
Drivers
ontroller
CD-ROM with
Additional Hardware
and Software Manuals
and GAM Client
Software
User-supplied Items
User-supplied Items
The following user-supplied items are required to perform this installation:
• IBM-PC™ compatible host system with PCI slot (PCI 2.1 compliant)
• Network operating system software (as required)
• SCSI cables to connect the controller and disk arrays
• Static grounding strap or electrostatic discharge (ESD) safe work area
• Disk array enclosure (or equivalent) with SCSI disk drives
1-4 eXtremeRAID Installation Guide
Chapter 2
Preinstallation Planning
This chapter describes:
• SCSI termination
• SCSI cabling
• SCSI drive preparation
• Limitations on mixing various SCSI drive types
Mylex disk array controllers are designed to work in a v ariety of SCSI RAID
application environments. Certain configuration steps need to be performed
prior to installing the controller into a RAID environment.
775013 2-1
SCSI Termination
Each end of a SCSI bus must be terminated to maintain proper voltage levels
for SCSI control and data signals. The device used for this purpose is called
a terminator, and it can be built into a controller, a SCSI peripheral device, or
it can be a plug placed on the connector at the very end of a SCSI bus.
The DAC1164P controller is equipped with automatic SCS I termin ation
circuitry . If the cont roller is at the end of a SCSI b us, it automatically enables
on-board termination. The controller can also detect whether single-ended
(SE) or low-voltage differential (LVD) termination is required, and can set
the on-board termination type as needed.
If all the SCSI devices on a channel are connected either to an internal
connector of a channel, or to an external connector of a channel, the end of
the SCSI bus farthest fro m the DAC1164P controller must have a termin ato r
installed. In this case, the controller automatically enables on-board
termination. See Figure 2-1 for examples of internal or external drive
configurations.
If some SCSI devices are connected to the internal connector of a channel,
and some are connected to the external connector of the same channel, the
two ends of the SCSI bus farthest from the controller must each be
terminated. In this case, the DA C1164P contro ller automatically disables on-
board termination. See Figure 2-1 for an example of an internal – external
drive conf i gu rati on.
2-2 eXtremeRAID Installation Guide
Preinstallation Planning
Figure 2-1. DAC1164P Termination Examples
Note
☛
When connecting SCSI devices, it is better to
terminate the ends of the SCSI bus itself than it is to
terminate the end devices on the bus. This allows hot
swap devices to be added or removed from the SCSI
bus without affecting termination.
775013 2-3
SCSI Cabling
The controller supports up to three Ultra2 SCSI channels. Each channel
supports up to 15 devices.
LVD Mode
The controller supports Ultra2 SCSI with LVD. If all drives attached to a
controller drive channel support Ultra2 SCSI with LVD, then that channel
will operate at 80 MB. This setup allows a maximum SCSI bus length of up
to 12 meters.
☛
Note
The SCSI bus length can be extended up to 25 meters
if only the controller and one driv e are on the bus in a
point-to-point configuration.
Single-ended Mode
If any device on the chann el does not have LVD electrical characteristics, the
channel will revert to single-ended operation mode. The SCSI bus lengths
will then be limited to the single-ended bus lengths shown in Table 2-1.
Table 2-1. Supported SCSI Formats and Bus Lengths
SCSI Trade As sociati on
(STA) Terms
SCSI-1 5 8 6 - 8
Fast SCSI 10 8 3 - 8
Fast Wide SCSI 20 16 3 - 16
Ultra SCSI 20 8 1.5 - 8
Ultra SCSI 20 8 3 - 4
Wide Ultra SCSI 40 16 - - 16*
Wide Ultra SCSI 40 16 1.5 - 8
Wide Ultra SCSI 40 16 3 - 4
Ultra2 SC SI 40 8 Not Defined 12 † 8
Wide Ultra2 SCSI 80 16 Not Defined 12† 16
Bus
Speed,
MB/Sec,
Max.
Bus
Width,
Bits
Max. Bus Length, Meters Max. Device
Single-ended Low-Voltage
Differential
Support
(Including
Controller)
* The Maximu m number of devices allowed on a Wide Ul tra SCSI bus is 8, unless bus
extender technology is used.
† This length can be extended to 25 meters if there are only 2 devices (e.g., the controller and
one drive) on the bus in a point-to-point configuration.
2-4 eXtremeRAID Installation Guide
Preinstallation Planning
SCSI Drive Preparation
To prepare the drives for installation follow these steps:
1. Remove any terminators attached to the drive or set any drive
termination jumpers to the disabled position.
2. Set the SCSI IDs on the drives.
3. Enable term power on the drives.
Refer to the drive manual for specific information about drive configuration
settings.
To get best performance from the controller, distribute the drives equally
across the SCSI channels, and set the controller’s data transfer rate to the
optimum for the drives being used.
Mixing Narrow and Wide SCSI Drives
Do not mix narrow and wide SCSI devices on a single channel. If mixing of
narrow and wide SCSI devices is desired, dedicate at least one channel to
narrow SCSI, and at least one channel wide SCSI.
Mixing LVD with Single-ended Drives
If LVD capable drives are installed on a channel with single-ended drives, all
drives on the channel will operate as if they were single-ended drives. This
will also limit the bus length to the single-ended bus length specified in
Table 2-1.
775013 2-5
2-6 eXtremeRAID Installation Guide
Chapter 3
Installation
This chapter describes:
• Preparation
• Connectors and jumpers
• Safety considerations
• Controller installation procedures
Before You Begin
Installing the eXtremeRAID 1100 DAC1164P PCI to Ultra2 SCSI RAID
controller is no more difficult than installing any PCI adapter card. Follow
these steps and the installation procedures in this chapter.
, WARNING
Working with the system covers off and power
applied to the system can result in shock and
serious injury.
1. Power off the system and disconnect the power cables before starting
the installation. Refer to the instructions provided in your system
documentation. Do not disconnect cables or power cords while system
power is on.
2. Read all of the instructions in this chapter completely be fore pro ceeding. Follow the Notes, Cautions, and Warnings described in this manual
and marked on the equipment.
3. Follow electrostatic discharge (ESD) safe procedures. Use a grounded
wrist strap or ESD safe footwear, and work in an ESD safe area.
4. Perform a safety check of the installation before powering on the
system.
• Make sure that all of the cabling Pin 1 locations are correct and that
all cables are firmly seated in the connectors.
• Make sure all SCSI conventions (cable type, cable length,
termination, etc.) are correct.
775013 3-1
Connectors, Jumper and LEDs
Connectors, Jumper and LEDs
Up to three Ultra2 SCSI channels are supported on the controller. The SCSI
connector locations are shown in Figure 3-1 and Figure 3-2.
All the jumpers should normally be set to their (default settings ). S ee Table
3-1 for default jumper settings. Jumper locations are shown in Figure 3-1.
The controller has 15 LEDs that are active indicators while the controller is
running. The LEDs indicate termination type and status, SCSI activity, cache
status, diagnostic status, and host activity. The LED locations and meanings
are shown in Figure 3-1.-
Figure 3-1. DAC1164P Controller with Jumpers, LEDs and Connectors
Table 3-1. Jumper Descriptions
Jumper Description Default Setting
JP1 factory use only –
JP2 pins 1–2 for Arm Proc, pins 2–3 for I
JP3 pins 1–2 normal , pins 2–3 blank ROM mode 1–2
JP5 must be installed on
JP6 maintenance – do not use off
JP7 ROM emulator – do not use off
JP8 Mylex manufacturing diagnostics – do not use off
3-2 eXtremeRAID Installation Guide
2
O1–2
Installation
External SCSI Connectors
The external SCSI connectors on the controller are female, Ver y High
Density Cable Interconnect (VHDCI) connectors.
The cables should have the VHDCI offset connector at one end and a High
Density, 68-pin connector at the other end. Such cables with the correct
offset hood and connector assembly are required if cables are to be
connected to external channels 0 and 2 at one time.
Figure 3-2. DAC1164P Controller External Connectors
Figure 3-3. Offset Hood Cable Assembly Alignment
* Where xx is the cable length in meters.
775013 3-3
Safety Considerations
Safety Considerations
Be sure to observe the follo wing precautions before beginning the con tr oller
installation procedure:
m Caution
Anti-static handling procedures are required. Leave
the controller in its anti-static bag until it is time to
plug the controller into the PCI slot. The use of a
grounded wrist strap and other ESD protective
measures are highly recommended.
, WARNING
Disconnect the system from the electrical wall
outlet before opening the system cabinet. Working
with the system covers off and power applied to the
system can result in shock and serious injury.
3-4 eXtremeRAID Installation Guide
Installation
Installing the Controller
m Caution
Anti-static handling procedures are required. Leave
the controller in its anti-static bag until it is time to
plug the controller into the PCI slot. The use of a
grounded wrist strap and other ESD protective
measures are highly recommended.
Follow these steps:
1. Power off the system.
2. Power off all enclosures.
3. Disconnect system and enclosure power cords.
4. Remove the co vers or the cabin et as necessary to access the I/O slots on
the system board.
5. Choose a vacant PCI slot and remove the metal cover plate from the
slot’s access port ( usually at the back o f the cabinet). Sav e th e retaining
screw .
6. Plug the controller firmly into the PCI slot so that the controller’s
external connectors can be accessed through the access port. Use the
retaining screw to secure the controller by its mounting bracket.
☛
Note
Although the DAC1164P controller will operate very
well in a 32-bit PCI slot, a 64-bit PCI slot (if
available) is recommended fo r optimum per formance.
If the system board contains both 32-bit and 64-bit
PCI slots, the 64-bit slots are the longer ones.
7. Connect the cables from the disk array(s) to the drive channel port(s)
on the controller.
8. Look to confirm that all drive channels in use are properly terminated.
Safety check
9.
10. Reconnect the power.
11. Proceed to the next chapter.
775013 3-5
the installation.
Installing the Controller
3-6 eXtremeRAID Installation Guide
Chapter 4
Controller Start-up
This chapter describes:
• Start-up procedures
• BIOS options
• BIOS Configuration Utility
• Driver Installation
• What to check in case of problems
This chapter describes the DAC1164P controller start-up procedures and
messages produced by the BI OS during start -up or re-boot. This chapter also
explains three BIOS options that are available for configuring controller
operation.
Procedural Overview
The steps covered in this chapter include:
• Setting BIOS options
• RAID EzAssist (theBIOS configuration utility) – see the RAID
EzAssist Configuration Utility User Reference Guide (P/N 775029 ) for
configuration instructions and default control ler pa rameter definitions.
• Loading the operating system and operating system drivers – see the
Disk Array Controller Software Kit Installation Guide and User
Manual (P/N 771929) for installation instructions for operating system
drivers and the GAM server module.
• Installing Global Array Manager – see the Global Array Manager
Client Software Installation Guide and User Manual (P/N 771961) for
installation instructions for the GAM client.
775013 4-1
Controller Start-up
Controller Start-up
The controller start-up procedure is the first step in confirming that the
controller is correctly install ed and w orking pr operly. The start-up procedure
should be performed prior to an y softw are conf i guratio n. There are tw o startup sequences: the BIOS Options sequence and the BIOS Configuration
Utility sequence. Either start-up sequence can be skipped by ignoring the
<ALT-M> and/or the <ALT-R> prompt when the computer is started up.
BIOS Options Sequence
After physically installing the controller and connecting the cabling, do the
following steps if you need to set or modify the BIOS options (see “Setting
BIOS Options” on page 4-3 for details:
1. Power on the computer.
2. Watch the messages on the screen for the following prompt to be
displayed:
Press <ALT-M> for BIOS options
3. Press Alt–M to get into the BIOS Options menu.
4. The BIOS Options menu provides the following items to choose from:
5. To select any of the items in the menu, highlight the selection with the
Up Arrow or Down Arrow. Press Enter to toggle any of the 3 items.
☛
Note
BIOS must be enabled to toggle the CD-RO M boot
and the Drive geometry parameters.
4-2 eXtremeRAID Installation Guide
Controller Start-up
Setting BIOS Options
The available BIOS options are:
• BIOS disabled / enabled
• CD-ROM boot disabled / disabled
• 2GB / 8GB drive geometry
BIOS Disable or Enable
This option must be enabled in order to toggle the CD-ROM boot and the
drive geometry parameters shown in the BIOS Options menu. The BIOS
must also be enabled in order to boot from any device (e.g., CD-ROM) or
system drive configured on the controller, or to access any DOS partition on
any drive configured on the controller.
When BIOS Disable or Enable is selected, the following message will be
displayed. Pressing any key will restart the system.
CD-ROM Boot Disable or Enable
The default for this option is for the CD-ROM boot to be disabled (e.g., the
system will boot from a hard drive, even if there is a bootable CD installed.
If the CD-ROM boot option is enabled, and if a bootable CD is installed in
the CD-ROM drive, the system can boot from the CD.
If the CD-ROM boot option is enabled, the CD-ROM will take priority over
the disk drives. F or e x ample, u nder MS-DOS, the disk drive that is normally
Drive C will become Drive D. All subsequent drive IDs will similarly be
moved down.
775013 4-3
BIOS Options Sequence
Enable 8GByte or 2GByte Drives
This setting affects how the BIOS reads the disk drives for the boot partition.
Drive geometries can be toggled between 8 GB and 2 GB. The default is 2
GB. When the drive geometry is changed, the drive should be formatted at
the operating system level.
m Caution
Changing this setting after da ta has been stored will
make the data unreadable. If you have already
configured your array and have stored data, you
should not change this setting.
The default BIOS geometry of the controller is set to 2 GB. Th is means that
the BIOS can only access the f irst 2 GB of any dri v e that has been conf igured
on the controller. This is adequate in most applications, since BIOS is only
used to boot the operating system. However, it does mean the operating
system must be installed in the first 2 GB of the capacity of the configured
drive. If this is not adequate, the BIOS geometry can be changed to 8 GB,
allowing the BIOS to access the first 8 GB of capacity.
As a rule of thumb, select 8 GB geometry if the following two cases apply:
1. You have a system (RAID) drive that is greater than 2.145 GB in
capacity.
2. The DOS/Windows compatible partitions could be located in an area
above the first 2.145 GB.
Otherwise the 2 GB option is fine.
4-4 eXtremeRAID Installation Guide
Controller Start-up
☛
Note
In the event that the RAID controller needs to be
replaced, the current drive geometry will be restored
from the configuration on disk (COD).
Using RAID EzAssist
RAID EzAssist, the on-board BIOS Configuration Utility is used to build
several types of RAID configurations. Since this is a Quick Installation
Guide, only the Automatic Configuration option will be describ ed here.
The following limitations apply to Automatic C on figuration:
• Only one array will be configured using the Automatic Configuration
option.
• All drives being contro lled by the eXtremeRAID boar d can be diff erent
sizes, but will all be formatted to the size of the smallest disk controlled
by the eXtremeRAID board.
• A maximum of 7 drives can be configured into an array using
Automatic Configuration. Any additional drives will become hot
spares. The drives with the largest capacity (if mixed drive sizes are
used) will be the drives selected to become hot spares.
☛
Note
If you want to do anything other than an automatic
configuration, refer to the RAID EzAssist
Configuration Utility User Reference Guide.
To perform a RAID configuration with the Automatic Configuration option
using RAID EzAssist, do the following:
1. Power on the computer. The eXtremeRAID controller is furnished with
the BIOS enabled by default.
2. Watch the messages on the screen for the following prompt to be
displayed:
Press <ALT-M> for BIOS options
Wait approximately 5 seconds. Do not press any keys at this time.
775013 4-5
Using RAID EzAssist
☛
Note
If the BIOS has been disabled on the controller, You
will need to press Alt–M to enable it (See your
controller’s Installation Guide for details).
3. Watch the messages on the screen for the following prompt to be
displayed:
Press <ALT-R> for RAID Configuration options
4. Press
☛
Alt–R
to get into RAID EzAssist (the configuration utility).
Note
For more detailed information on how to run RAID
EzAssist, refer to the RAID EzAssist Configuration
Utility User Reference Guide (P/N 775029), which is
included on the distribution CD-ROM.
4-6 eXtremeRAID Installation Guide
Controller Start-up
Operating System
If an operating system is not already installed on the system, it can be
installed on a system disk on the controller. The operating system is installed
along with the operating system device drivers.
Operating System Device Drivers
Device drivers that are compatible with the controller can be found in the
Software Kit. For details on how to install and load drivers, refer to the
DAC960 Software Kit Installation Guide and User Manual (P/N 771929).
Global Array Manager (GAM)
The controller can be configured using GAM. GAM can also be used from
the server or a system client to monitor status and verify data integrity of
disks connected to the controller while the system and disks are running.
For details on how to install and run GAM, refer to the Global Array
Manager Client Softw are Installation Guide and User Manual
(P/N 771961). This manual can be downloaded at no cost from the Mylex
web site (www.mylex.com).
In Case of Problems
If problems are encountered during start-up, check the following:
• Check SCSI cabling for loose connections, pi n mismatches (make sure
pin 1 on the cable matches pin 1 on the connector), bent pins, and
damaged or crossed cables.
• Check cable length. This includes internal bus lengths in enclosures.
• Check termination.
• Check SCSI IDs on all drives.
775013 4-7
In Case of Problems
4-8 eXtremeRAID Installation Guide
Appendix A
Memory Module and
Battery Backup Unit
Figure A-1. DMM1100
Product Description
The Synchronous Dynamic Memory Module and Battery Backup Unit
(DMM1100) is a cache memory module that maintains data integrity in the
event of a power failure. The battery backup portion of this module monitors
the write back cache on the D AC1164P controller, and provides po wer to the
cache if it contains data not yet written to the drives when power is lost.
The controller, with the DMM1100 installed, together occupy only one PCI
slot on the host backplane.
Features
Some of the features of the DMM1100 include:
• Gas gauge circuit for battery charge monitoring
• Quick charge to replenish a drained battery
• SDRAM on the DMM1100 module
775013 A-1
DMM1100 Operation
DMM1100 Operation
This DMM1100 consists of 16 MB, 32MB, or 64MB of SDRAM cache
memory, a rechargeable nickel-cadmium battery, a charging circuit, and
power monitoring circuitry. The controller is shipped with the DMM1100
installed, and will not function without it.
Battery Conditioning Prior to Use
Battery conditioning is automatic. There are no manu al procedures for
battery conditioning or preconditioning to be performed by the user.
Set-up – Enabling the Write-Back Cache
Maximum RAID performance is achieved when the cache is in write-back
mode. The write-back cache is enabled by toggling the write-back/writethrough mode switch. The write-back/write-through mod e switch is accessed
using RAID EzAssist (the BIOS Configuration Utility), or in GAM. Refer to
the
RAID EzAssist Configuration Utility User Reference Guide
Array Manager Client Softw are Installation Guide and User Manual
instructions on how to examine and change the mode switch.
Battery Backup Capacity
The battery backup’s capacity varies with the cache memory capacity used.
In the event of a power failure, the battery backup can be expected to
maintain cache data integrity for the periods of time shown in Table A-1.
Table A-1. Battery Backup Capacity
Memory Size Approximate Battery Charge Life
64MB 48 hours
32MB 72 hours
16MB 72 hours
or the
Global
for
Maintenance
No maintenance is required. It is recommended that the DMM1100 charge
level be periodically checked using the Gas Gauge function in GAM (see the
Global Array Manager Client Software Installation Guide and User
Manual
A-2 eXtremeRA ID Insta l la tion Gui de
).
Memory Module and Battery Backup Unit
Removing the DMM1100
The DMM1100 only needs to be removed if the NiCd battery no longer
accepts a charge properly (NiCd battery life expectancy is approximately 5
years), or if the DMM1100 is being salvaged from a controller that has
failed.
, WARNING
Replace the battery only with the same or
equivalent type of battery recommended by the
battery manufacturer. Dispose of used batteries as
described under “Recycling the Battery” on page
A-5.
DMM1100 Functional Description
Whenever the system is running, the DMM1100’ s battery backup circuitry is
standing by, monitoring the voltage level of VCC. In the event of a power
failure, the VCC voltage level will begin to drop. When the battery backup
circuitry detects this voltage drop, it checks the status of the disk cache. If
the cache is empty, the battery backup circuitry does nothing.
If the cache contains data during a power failure, the DMM1100’s battery
backup circuitry will maintain cache data integrity until the power is
restored. When power is restored and the system finishes the bootstrap
process, the cache contents will be written to the disk array. The cache
contents will then be flushed from the cache.
Status Indication
The status of the battery can be checked with the gas gauge feature that can
be accessed in GAM (version 2.1x or greater is needed). The gas gauge
appears on the screen as two meters— a battery power meter and a charge
level meter— each calibrated from 0 to 100.
The battery power meter indicates the battery capacity in hours. It will
indicate a charge duration of up to 100 hours. The firmware will detect the
memory and assign a value based upon the ch arge le v el of the battery and the
power consumption rate of the memory.
The charge level meter displays the charge state of the battery expressed in
percent (100% indicates a fully charged battery).
775013 A-3
DMM1100 Functional Description
When the meter on the right indicates the battery is fully charged, the meter
on the left will indicate the maximum time in hours (approximately 48 hours
for a 64MB cache or 72 hours for a 32MB or 16MB cache) that the battery
can be expected to maintain cache data integrity.
☛
Note
When the charge level is 100%, the
and
hours
below the left dial) will be equal.
maximum number of hours
current numb er of
(printed out
A-4 eXtremeRA ID Insta l la tion Gui de
Memory Module and Battery Backup Unit
Battery and Charge Circuit
On-board Battery
The on-board battery is rated at 3.6 v with a capacity of 650 mAH. The
DMM1100 has a DC-DC converter that converts 3.6 v to 3.3 v, which is the
nominal voltage required for the cache.
Battery Charger
Battery charging and conditioning are automatically han dled by the
DMM1100. No manual preconditioning needs to be performed by the user.
If the battery capacity falls below a predetermined level (which is likely to
happen after a power failure), the battery charger goes into a quick charge
mode. If the battery is fully charged, the charger goes into a trickle charge
mode.
Recycling the Battery
The on-board battery that comes with the DMM1100 has the logo of the
Rechargeable Battery Recycling Corporation (RBRC) stamped on it. The
logo means that recycling fees have been prepaid on this battery pack.
m Caution
Do not dispose of a rechargeable battery with regular
trash in a landfill. Rechargeable batteries contain
toxic chemicals and metals that are harmful to the
environment. Improperly disposing of rechargeable
batteries is also illegal.
Figure A-2. RBRC Logo
The RBRC is a non-profit corporation that promotes the recycling of
rechargeable batteries, including nickel-cadmium batteries.
Information on the RBRC program and the locations of partici pating
recycling centers can be obtained by telephoning 1–800–8–BATTERY (in
the USA), and following the recorded instructions. The information obtained
from this telephone number is updated frequently, since the RBRC program
is growing, and new recycling locations are being added regularly.
775013 A-5
DMM1100 Specifications
DMM1100 Specifications
On-board Battery
Electrical Properties
• 3 NiCd 1.2 V, 650 mAH cells, connected in series for a total of 3.6V
at 650mAH
Physical Description
• Nominal pack size (in inches): 1.89(L) X 2.01(W) X 0.33 (H)
Battery Charge Life
Approximately 48 hours with 64MB SDRAM
Approximately 72 hours with 32MB or 16MB SDRAM
Cache Memory
16MB, 32MB, or 64MB SDRAM
Module Dimensions
Length: 3.625 inches
Width: 4.0 inches
Environmental
Temperature Operating: 0ºC to +50ºC
(+32ºF to 122ºF)
Storage: -40ºC to +60ºC
(-40ºF to +140ºF)
Humidity Operating: 45% to 85%
relative humidity (non-condensing)
Non-operating: 45% to 85%
relative humidity (non-condensing)
Warranty
3-Year, Limited
A-6 eXtremeRA ID Insta l la tion Gui de
Appendix B
DAC1164P Specifications
General Hardware Specifications
eXtremeRAID 1164
Controller DAC1164P
CPU StrongARM™ 32-bit microprocessor, 233MHz
Memory SDRAM, 16MB, 32MB, or 64MB installed on a module
Cache Write: Selectable, Write Through or Write Back
Firmware ROM Type, Flash EEPROM, 1MB x 8
PCI 64-bit or 32-bit PCI at 33MHz, 3.3v or 5v.
SCSI Supports 3 Symbios Ultra2 LVD SYM53C895
containing a battery with backup circuitry for power fail
protection of data
Error Protection: Parity
PCI to Ultra2 SCSII I/O Processors
775013 B-1
Environmental Specifications
Environmental Specifications
Controller DAC1164P
Temperature Operating 0°C to +55°C (+32°F to 131°F)
Storage -20°C to +70°C (-4°F to +158°F)
Humidity Operating 10% to 90% relative humidity (non-condensing)
Storage 10% to 90% relative humidity (non-condensing)
Altitude Operating Up to 3,048m (10,000 ft )
Storage Up to 15,240m (50,000 ft)
Form Factor Length: 12.280 inches
Width: 4.750 inches
Maximum.
Maximum
Power
Consumption
Component
Height:
at 5.25v
at 4.75v
0.105 inches on the solder side of the board
0.570 inches on the component side of the board
1.90A (9.98W) with 64MBytes SDRAM
1.85A (8.79W) with 64MBytes SDRAM
MTBF 244,547 hours at 55°C
B-2 eXtremeRAID Installation Guide
Appendix C
DAC1164P Error Messages
Error Messages
Start-up Error Messages
The BIOS looks for any initialization message posted by the firmware during
the start-up sequence. If a message is found, one of the following errors
displays on screen and the installation process aborts.
DAC1164Pn fatal error--memory test failed
n
DAC1164P
DAC1164P
error
DAC1164P
Drive Check Error Messages
If the firmware finds a v alid controller configuration, b ut it doesn't match the
SCSI drives currently installed, one or more of the following messages
display:
Unidentified device found at channel x....
Device identified for chn
SCSI device at chn
If any of the above messages are displayed, the firmware will not proceed
any further in the initialization process, except to find other mismatches.
Then, the BIOS prints out the following:
DAC1164Pn Configuration Checksum error--run configuration
utility
If the firmware detects that during the last po wer c ycle the system was tu rned
off abruptly leaving some incomplete write operations, the following
message appears:
Recovery from mirror race in progress
The following messages may also appear:
Adapter cannot recover from mirror race!
fatal error--command interface test failed
n
hardware error--run diagnostics to pinpoint
n
firmware checksum error--reload firmware
x
, tgt y found at chn x', tgt y'
x
, tgt y not responding
775013 C-1
Aborted Installation
Some system drives are inconsistent!
During the initialization, if the firmware fails to respond to the BIOS inquiry
within two minutes, the following message displays:
DAC1164Pn not responding--no drives installed.
The BIOS then inquires the firmware for its version number and other
information, and prints out the following message:
DAC1164Pn firmware version
x.xx
One or more of the following messages will be displayed if the firmware
reports the following conditions:
Warning: X system drives are offline
Warning:
Warning: The following SCSI devices are dead--chn
, tgt y...
x
No system drives found: None installed
system drives installed
X
system drives are critical
X
The BIOS repeats the same process for additional RAID controllers present
in the system. Then it proceeds to boot, if possible, from the first system
drive on the first controller.
Aborted Installation
With Firmware 5.x, the installation aborted message is displayed when the
BIOS finds that the configuration of the disk drives, as stored in the
NVRAM and configuration on disk, is different from what it senses at boot
time. When this happens, (and a brand new installation is not being
attempted) the cause is often a faulty cable or drive, or a loose connection.
Check all of the connectors, cables, drives, and try to boot. If the error
persists, it most likely indicates a genuine failure and needs to be corrected.
To correct it, boot and run the on-board BIOS Configuration Utility, RAID
EzAssist (see Chapter 4). For more information, refer to the RAID EzAssist
Configuration Utility User Reference Guide (P/N 775029).
C-2 eXtremeRAID Installation Guide
DAC1164P Error Messages
NVRAM Error
With Firmware 5.x, if the BIOS displays a mismatch between the NVRAM
and the Configuration on Disk (COD), no drives will be installed. Normally
this error will not be displayed. If it is, boot and run RAID EzA ssist, the onboard Mylex Disk Array Configuration Utility (see Chapter 4). to recover
from the error . For more information, ref er to the RAID EzAssist Installation
Guide and User Manual.
System Reboot or Power Down
Status messages may also be av ailable from LE D indicators connected to th e
controller. Th e Cache Dirty indicator is especially imp ortant when preparin g
to power-do wn the system.
The DAC1164P controller is a caching controller with 16MB, 32MB, or
64MB of cache memory, data may still be in the cache waiting to be written
to the disk drives, when the system reports that a write command was
completed. It is very important to make sure that all data is written to the
disk before rebooting or powering down t h e sy st em, or you may lose data. It
is always a good idea t o wa it fo r 15 secon ds befo re re setting or rebooti ng th e
system.
If using the 'Cache Dirty' LED indicator, wait 3 seconds after the LED has
gone off before resetting or rebooting the system (the cache battery backup
may also be used to prevent data loss).
775013 C-3
System Reboot or Power Down
C-4 eXtremeRAID Installation Guide
Appendix D
PCI Hot Plug
Introduction
PCI Hot Plug is a feature that allows a PCI ca rd to be replaced while the host
system is still running. The term “Hot Plug” is somewhat misleading; the
PCI card cannot simply be pulled out of the host system while the card is
operating without risk to the card, the system, and the data on the system.
In order to replace a Hot Plug PCI card, a software command must be
invoked to power off the card slot before the card can be removed. After the
software indicates that the card is unloaded and the slot is powered off, a
physical card retainer/switch must be released to allow the card to be
removed from the PCI bus. At this point, the card can be replaced.
At this time, Mylex only supports Hot Replacement of PCI Hot Plug cards.
Future releases are planned to support Hot Upgrade or Hot Expansion
(adding a card).
Implementation
Aside from the general terms previously mentioned, PCI Hot Plug
implementation is specific to the host hardware platform and the operating
system running on it. R e fer to your host system's documenta ti on for s peci fic
details on how to implement PCI Hot Plug.
NetWare
When NetWare is installed on a system capable of PCI Hot Plug, the
following four modules are installed:
• cpqsbd.nlm - This is the Compaq system bus driver (a different driver
will be needed for a platform other than Compaq).
• ncm.nlm - This is the Novell Configuration Manager, which manages
the PCI Hot Plug system.
• ncmcon.nlm - This is the Hot Plug user interface called the Novell
Configuration Manager Console.
775013 D-1
Implementation
• odineb.nlm - This is a module combining the Open Data-link interface
and the Novell Event Bus (NEB). The NEB controls the device drivers
through the Open Data-link.
If the NetWare installation process determines that the server supports PCI
Hot Plug and detects the appropriate driver, the installation process adds the
following two LOAD commands to the autoexec.ncf file:
• LOAD sys:\system\driver_name
This command loads the bus driver (for Compaq, this is cpqsbd.nlm).
After this command is executed, NetWare autoloads ncm.nlm.
• #LOAD sys:\system\ncmcon.nlm
This command loads the Novell Configuration Manager Console,
which then loads odineb.nlm. These command s can also be ex ecuted at
the server console prompt.
☛
Note
This command is commented out. If you want the
Configuration Manager Console to be loaded every
time the system is started, remove the pound sign (#)
at the beginning of the line.
Perform the following steps:
1. Install NetWare 5 Service Patch 1.
2. Install the Mylex GAM DMI driver.
3. Restart the server. The autoexec.ncf will execute and it will load the
drivers and start ncmcon.nlm (the PCI Hot Plug user interface).
☛
Note
If any LOAD line is commented out in autoexec.ncf,
the corresponding driver can be loaded manually by
executing the LOAD command (as listed in
autoexec.ncf) at the server console prompt.
D-2 eXtremeRAID Installation Guide
PCI Hot Plug
Windows NT
Windows NT requires additional software from the vendor who makes the
system. Since this software is not a part of NT, the software needs to be
installed after the operating system is loaded. Refer to your vendor's PCI Hot
Plug documentation.
m Caution
GAM drivers can stop PCI Hot Plug Boards from
unloading. If this problem occurs, stop GAM and
unload the GAM drivers before attempting to unload
the PCI Hot Plug controller.
Known Windows NT Issues
• Mylex Software Kit 2.1 or greater is required to support your system
vendor’s PCI Hot Plug utility.
•The macdisk.sys driver should not be loaded with a Mylex PCI Hot
Plug board; if macdisk.sys is loaded the system will hang upon
shutdown.
• When you install a Mylex card as a boot device and a Mylex Driver has
been installed prior to the installation of the Windows NT OS, NT will
not recognize the Mylex card as a PCI Hot Plug device. To fix this, the
driver must be reinstalled, and the system rebooted.
This problem occurs because PCI Hot Plug information does not get
loaded into the Windows NT registry for the Mylex controller upon
installation of Windows NT.
775013 D-3
Implementation
D-4 eXtremeRAID Installation Guide
Appendix E
Enclosure Management
Introduction
Mylex’s eXtremeRAID controllers support the industry standard enclosure
management protocol SCSI Accessed Fault-Tolerant Enclosures (SAF-TE).
This feature allows the host to monitor drive enclosures and detect certain
faults or operating environment conditions. The host can make a decision to
shut down the system or issue a warning based on the type of fault detected.
SAF-TE
The SAF-TE protocol follows a specification jointly worked out by nStor
Corporation and Intel Corporation. Enclosur es that are compliant with this
protocol are known as SCSI Acces sed F ault -Tolerant Enclosures (SAF-TE).
The protocol is compatible with standard SCSI buses and cabling.
The SAF-TE interface standard’s objective is to provide a non-proprietary
means of allowing third-party disks and controllers to be automatically
integrated with peripheral enclosures that support:
• Status Signals (LEDs, audible alarms, LCDs, etc.)
• Hot swapping of drives
• Monitoring of fans, power supplies, and enclosure temperature
SCSI is the underlying transport mechanism for communicating enclosure
information. All standard SCSI host adapters will work. There is n o need to
consider reserved signals or special cabling.
The SAF-TE interface can be implemented as a SCSI target that uses a SCSI
port and an 8-bit microcontroller.
All communication is initiated by the host. The SAF-TE processor acts only
in target mode. The SAF-TE processor should be periodically polled by the
host approximately every 2 to 10 seconds.
775013 E-1
StorageWorks
StorageW orks
The eXtremeRAID 1100 supports Compaq StorageWorks™ enclosure
management. Refer to the documentation supplied with your StorageWorks
enclosure for details on how to take advantage of this feature.
E-2 eXtremeRAID Installation Guide
Appendix F
Regulatory Information
Class B Compliance
THIS DEVICE COMPLIES WITH PART 15 OF THE FCC RULES. OPERATION
IS SUBJECT TO THE FOLLOWING TWO CONDITIONS:
4. THIS DEVICE MAY NOT CAUSE HARMFUL INTERFERENCE, AND
5. THIS DEVICE MUST ACCEPT ANY INTERFERENCE RECEIVED,
INCLUDING INTERFERENCE THAT MAY CAUSE UNDESIRED
OPERATION.
All external connections should be made using shielded cables.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B
digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to
provide reasonable protection a gainst harmful interference in re sidential installations.
This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not
installed and used in accordance with the instructions , may cause harmful interferen ce
to radio communications. However, there is not guarantee that interference will not
occur in a particular installation.
If this equipme nt do e s cause interferen ce to rad i o or television equi pm e nt rec e ption,
which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged
to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
1. Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna
2. Move the equipment away from the receiver
3. Plug the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the
receiver is powered.
If necessary, the user should consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television
technician for additional suggestions.
m Caution
Only equipment certified to comply with Class B
(computer input/output devices, terminals, printers,
etc.) should be attached to this equipment.
Any changes or modif ications to the equipm ent by the
user not expressly approved by the grantee or
manufacturer could void the user’s authority to
operate such equipment.
775013 F-1
Declaration of Conformity
Per FCC Part 2, Section 2.1077(a)
Manufacturer’s Name:Mylex Corporation
Manufacturer’s Address:34551 Ardenwood Blvd.
Fremont, CA 94555-3607
USA
Declares that the product:
Product Name:High Performance RAID Controller
Model Number(s):DAC1164P-xx
Year of Manufacture:1998
Conforms to the following Product Specification(s):
FCC:CFR 47 Part 15, Subpart B, Section 15.107(e) and Section 15.109(g)
Class B Digital Device tested per ANSI C63.4–1992 procedures
Supplementary Information:
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to
the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful
interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received,
including interference that may cause und e sired operation.
F-2 eXtremeRAID Installation Guide
Regulatory Information
Declaration of Conformity
Per 89\336\EEC
Responsible Party
Name: Mylex Corporation
Address: 34551 Ardenwood Boulevard
Fremont, CA 94555-3607 USA
hereby declares that the product
Trade Name: High Performance Caching RAID Controller
Model Number: DAC1164P-3E Fab. 550137-A Rev. A
conforms to the following specifications
Standards: EN 50081-1:1992, EMI
EN 55022 Class B (Radiated), Class B (Conducted)
EN 50082-1:1992, Immunity
EN 61000-4-2:1995 Electrostatic Discharge
EN 61000-4-3:1996 Radiated Susceptibility
EN 61000-4-4:1995 Electrical Fast Transients/Burst
775013 F-3
Community of Europe
CE mark is rated for the eXtremeRAID as follows:
CISPR 22 Radiated Emission
EN55022, EN5082-1 Generic immunity standard for the following:
IEC 801-2 ESD, IEC 801-3 Radiated, and IEC 801-4 EFT/Burst
Warning!
This is a Class B product. In a residential environment this pro duc t may cause radio
interference, in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.
Achtung!
Dieses ist ein Gerät der Funkstörgrenzwertk lasse B. In Wohnbereichen können bei
Betrieb dieses Gerät es Rundfunkstörungen aufreten, in welche n Fällen der Benutzer
für entsprechende Gegenmaßnahmen verantwortlich ist.
Avertissement!
Cet appareil est un appareil de Classe B. Dans un environnement résidentiel cet
appareil peut provoquer des brouillages radi oélectriques. Dans ce cas, il peut être
demandé à l’utilisateur de prendre des mésures appropriées.
F-4 eXtremeRAID Installation Guide
Regulatory Information
Underwriters Laboratories Statement and Warning
, WARNING
This controller is furnished with a nonvolatile
RAM (NVRAM) chip that uses a sealed lithium
battery/crystal module. Replace the module only
with the same or equivalent type recommended by
the manufacturer. Dispose of the used battery/
crystal module according to the manufacturer's
instructions. Never incinerate a battery as it could
explode and cause serious injury.
775013 F-5
F-6 eXtremeRAID Installation Guide
Glossary
Cache
Controller memory used to speed up data transfer to and from a disk.
Cache Flush
Refers to an operation where all unwritten blocks in a Write-Back Cache are
written to the target disk. This operation is necessary before powering down
the system.
Cache Line Size
The Cache Line Size function is set in conjunction with stripe size and
represents the size of the data “chunk” that will be read or written at one
time. Under RAID EzAssist, the cache line size (also known as “segment
size”) should be based on the stripe size you selected. The def ault cach e line
size for Mylex eXtremeRAID controllers is 8K.
Channel
Refers to one SCSI bus on a disk array controller. Each disk array controller
provides at least one channel.
Consistency Check
Refers to a process where the integrity of redundant data is verified. For
example, a consistency check of a mirr ored dri ve will make sure th at the data
on both drives of the mirrored pair is exactly the same. For RAID Level 3 or
RAID Level 5, a consistency check makes sure that all parity data is correct.
Disk Failure Detection
The controller automatically detects SCSI disk failures. A monitoring
process running on the controller checks, among other things, elapsed time
on all commands issued to disks. A time-out causes the disk to be “reset”
and the command to be retried. If the command times out again, the disk
775013 G-1
could be “killed” (taken “offline”) by the controller (its state changed to
“dead”). DAC1164 controllers also monitor SCSI bus parity errors and other
potential problems. Any disk with too many errors will also be ‘killed’.
Disk Media Error Management
DAC1164 controllers transparently manage SCSI disk media errors. Disks
are programmed to report errors, e v en ECC- recoverable errors. If ECC EDO
RAM is installed, the controller will correct ECC errors.
When a disk reports a media error during a read, the co ntroller reads the data
from the mirror (RAID 1 or 0+1), or computes th e data from the other blocks
(RAID 3, RAID 5), and writes the data back to the disk that encountered the
error. If the write fails (media error on write), the controller issues a
“reassign” command to the disk, and then writes the data to a new location.
Since the problem has been resolved, no error is reported to the system.
☛
Note
The soft error counter is incremented in this case. The
soft error count can be viewed using the Mylex disk
array configuration utilities.
When a disk reports a media error during a write, the controller issues a
“reassign” command to the di sk, and wri tes th e data out to a ne w locat ion on
the disk.
Drive Groups (or Drive Packs)
A group of individu al disk drives (preferably iden tical) that ar e logically tied
to each other and are addressed as a single unit. In some cases this may be
called a drive “pack ” when refer ring to just the p hysical devices. Up to eight
(8) drives can be configured together as one drive group.
All the physical devices in a drive group should have the same size,
otherwise each of the disks in the group will effectively have the capacity of
the smallest member. The total size of the drive group will be the size of the
smallest disk in the group multipli e d by the number of disks in the group.
For example, if you have 4 disks of 400MB each, and 1 disk of 200MB in a
pack, the effective capacity available for use is only 1000MB (5*200), not
1800MB.
G-2 eXtremeRA ID Insta l la tion Gui de
Glossary
Hot Replacement of Disks (Hot Swap)
The design of the DAC1164 controllers allows for the replacement of failed
hard disk drives without interruption of system service. In the event of a
SCSI drive failure on a properly configured system (where the data
redundancy features of the controller are used), system service continues
without interruption. A message is generated by the system to alert th e
system operator.
When a replacement drive becomes available, the system operator can
remove the failed disk drive, install a new disk drive, and instruct the
controller to “rebuild” the data on the new drive, all without interrupting
system operations.
Once the rebuild is complete, the controller will be brought back into a fault
tolerant state.
Logical Drive States
The state of a logical (system) drive can be either ONLINE, CRITICAL, or
OFFLINE. Notice that the same term “online” is used for both physical and
logical drives.
Online: A Logical Drive is in an “online” state if...
All of its participating SCSI drives are “online.”
Critical: A Logical Drive is in a “critical” state if...
It has been configured at RAID le vel 1, 3, 5, or 0+1; and
One (and only one) of its SCSI drives is not “online.”
A logical drive is considered “critical” because any failure of another of its
SCSI drives may result in a loss of data.
☛
Note
I/O operation can only be performed with system
drives that are online or critical.
775013 G-3
Offline: A Logical Drive is in an “offline” state if...
No data can be read from it or written to it.
System commands issued to offline logical drives are returned with an error
status: no operations can be performed on offline logical drives. A logical
drive can be “offline” under one of two situations described below:
• It is configured with a redundant RAID level (1, 3, 5, or 0+1), and two
or more of its SCSI drives are not “online”; or
• It is configured at RAID level 0, JBOD, or in a spanned set, and one or
more of its SCSI drives are not “online.”
Logical Drives
See “System Drives.”
Mirroring
Refers to the 100 percent duplication of data on one disk drive to another
disk drive. Each disk will be the mirror image of the other.
Pack
See “Drive Groups (or Drive Packs).”
Parity
See “Rotated XOR Redundancy.”
G-4 eXtremeRA ID Insta l la tion Gui de
Glossary
RAID
RAID stands for Redundant Array of Independent Disks. The DAC1164
controllers implement this technology to connect up to 15 SCSI devices per
channel. Several different forms of RAID implementation have been
defined. Each form is usually referred to as a “RAID level.” All the RAID
levels supported by DAC1164 controllers are shown below.
The appropriate RAID level for a system is selected by the system manager
or integrator. This decision will be based on which of the following are to be
emphasized:
Disk Capacity
Data Availability (redundancy or fault tolerance)
Disk Performance
RAID Levels
The disk array controllers monitored by this utility support four RAID
Advisory Board-approved (RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 3, RAID 5) and two
special RAID levels (RAID 0+1, and JBOD).
Level 0.
Block “striping” across mul tip le drives is provided, yielding higher
performance than is possible with individual drives. This level does not
provide any redundancy.
Level 1.
Drives are paired and mirrored. All data is 100 percent duplicated
on a drive of equivalent size.
Level 3.
Data is “striped” across several physical drives. Maintains parity
information which can be used for data recovery.
Level 5.
Data is “striped” across several physical drives. For data
redundancy, drives are encoded with rotated parity.
Level 0+1.
Combines RAID 0 striping and RAID 1 mirroring. This level
provides redundancy through mirroring. (Mylex RAID 6)
JBOD.
Sometimes referred to as “Just a Bunch of Drives.” Each drive is
operated independently like a normal disk controller, or drives may be
spanned and seen as a single drive. This level does not provide data
redundancy. (Mylex RAID 7)
775013 G-5
Level 10.
multiple drive groups (super drive group). This level provides redundancy
through mirroring.
Combines RAID 0 stri ping and RAID 1 m irror in g spann ed acros s
Level 30.
Maintains parity information which can be used for data recovery.
Level 50.
For data redundancy, drives are encoded with rotated parity.
Data is “striped” across multiple drive groups ( super dri ve group ).
Data is “striped” across multiple drive groups (super drive group).
☛
Note
The host operating system drivers and software
utilities remain unchanged regardless of the level of
RAID installed. The controller makes the physical
configuration and RAID level implementation
Replacement Table
A replacement table contains information regarding which SCSI devices
have been replaced by others through standby replacement.
Rotated XOR Redundancy
This term (also known as “parity”) refers to a method of providing complete
data redundancy while requiring only a fraction of the storage capacity of
mirroring. In a system configured under RAID 3 or RAID 5 (which require
at least three SCSI dri v es ), all da ta and parit y blocks are di vi ded betw een the
drives in such a way that if any single drive is removed (or fails), the data on
it can be reconstructed using the data on the remaining drives. (XOR refers
to the Boolean “Exclusive-OR” operator.) In any RAID 3 or RAID 5 array,
the capacity allocated to redundancy is the equivalent of one drive.
SCSI Drive
A disk drive equipped with a SCSI interface (sometimes referred to as a
SCSI Disk). Each disk drive will be assigned a SCSI address (or SCSI ID),
which is a number fro m 0 to 7 (0 to 15 u nder wide or Ultra SCSI) . T he S C SI
address uniquely identifies the drive on the SCSI bus or channel.
G-6 eXtremeRA ID Insta l la tion Gui de
Glossary
SCSI Drive States
Refers to a SCSI driv e’ s cu rrent operational statu s. At any gi ven time, a SCSI
drive can be in one of f i ve states: READY , ONLINE, STANDBY, DEAD, or
REBUILD.
The controller stores the state of the attached SCSI drives in its non-volatile
memory. This information is retained even after power-off. Hence, if a SCSI
disk is labeled DEAD in one session, it will stay in the DEAD state un til a
change is made either by using a system level utility or after a rebuild. Each
of the states is described below:
Ready: A SCSI disk drive is in a “ready” state if it...
Is powered on; and
Is available to be configured during the current session but remains
unconfigured.
Online: A SCSI disk drive is in an “online” state if it...
Is powered on; and
Has been defined as a member of a drive group; and
Is operating pr operly.
Standby: A SCSI disk drive is in a “standby” state if it...
Is powered on; and
Is able to operate properly; and
Was NOT defined as part of any drive group.
Dead: A SCSI disk drive is in a “dead” state if it...
Is not present; or
If it is present but not powered on; or
If it failed to operate properly and was ‘killed’ by the controller.
When the controller detects a failure on a disk, it “kills” that disk by
changing its state to “dead.” A SCSI drive in a dead state does not participate
in any I/O activity. No commands are issued to dead drives.
775013 G-7
Rebuild: A SCSI disk drive is in a “rebuild” state...
While it is in the process of being rebuilt. During this process, data is
regenerated and written to the disk drive. This state is also referred to as
‘Write-Only’ (WRO).
Segment Size
See “Cache Line Size.”
Session
Refers to the period of time between any two consecutiv e system shutdowns.
System shutdown may be either a power off/on, or a hardware reset.
Standard Disk Drive
This term refers to a hard disk drive with SCSI, IDE, or other interface, that
is attached to the host system through a standard disk controller.
Standby Replacement of Disks (“Hot Spare”)
The “Standby Replacement” (or “Hot Spare”) is one of the most important
features the controller provides to achie ve automatic, n on-stop service with a
high degree of fault-tolerance. The rebuild operation will be carried out by
the controller automatically when a SCSI disk drive fails and both of the
following conditions are true:
• A “standby” SCSI disk drive of identical size is found attached to the
same controller;
• All of the system drives that are dependent on the failed disk are
redundant system drives, e.g., RAID 1, RAID 3, RAID 5, RAID 0+1.
G-8 eXtremeRA ID Insta l la tion Gui de
Glossary
A “Standby” disk can be created in one of two ways:
3. When a user runs RAID EzAssist, all disks attached to the controller
that are NOT configured into any drive group will be automatically
labeled as “standby” drives.
3. A disk may also be added (attached at a later time) to a r unn ing system
and labeled as standby by using the “DAC1164 Software Kit” (see
appropriate chapters for DAC1164 utilities for a particular operating
system).
During the automatic rebuild process, system activity continues as normal.
System performance may degrade slightly during the rebuild process.
☛
Note
The standby rebuild will only happen on the SAME
DAC1164 controller, never across DAC1164
controllers.
To use the standby rebuild feature, you should always maintain a standby
SCSI disk in your system. When a disk fails, the standby disk will
automatically replace the failed driv e and the d ata will be rebuilt. The system
administrator can disconnect and remove the bad disk and replace it with a
new disk. The administrator can then make this new disk a standby.
Stripe Order
The order in which SCSI di sk drives appear within a drive group. Thi s or der
must be maintained, and is critical to the controller’s ability to ‘Rebuild’
failed dri ves.
Stripe Size
The stripe size is defined as the size, in kilob ytes (1 024 b ytes) of a single I/O
operation. A stripe of data (data residing in actual physical disk sectors,
which are logically ordered first to last) is divided over all disks in the drive
group.
Stripe Width
The number of striped SCSI drives within a drive group.
775013 G-9
Striping
Refers to the storing of a sequential block of incoming data across multiple
SCSI drives in a group. For example, if there are 3 SCSI drives in a group,
the data will be separated into blocks and block 1 of the d ata will be stored
on SCSI drive 1, block 2 on SCSI drive 2, block 3 on SCSI drive 3, block 4
on SCSI drive 1, block 5 on SCSI drive 2 and so on. This storage method
increases the disk system throughput by ensuring a balanced load among all
drives.
System Drives
A system drive is equi valent to a “log ical” driv e. System dri v es are presented
to the operating system as available disk drives, each with a capacity
specified by the DAC1164 controller.
Target ID
A target ID is the SCSI ID of a device attached to a DAC 1 164 controller.
Each SCSI channel can have up to 15 attached SCSI devices (target ID from
0 to 6, and 8 to 15).
Write-Back Cache
Refers to a caching strategy whereby write operations result in a completion
signal being sent to the host operating system as soon as the cache (not the
disk drive) receives the data to be written. The target SCSI drive will receive
the data at a more appropriate time, in order to increase controller
performance. An optional cache battery backup can be used to protect
against data loss as a result of a power failure or system crash.
Write Through Cache
Refers to a caching strategy whereby d ata is written to the SCSI d rive before
a completion status is returned to the host operating system. This caching
strategy is considered more secure, since a power f ailure will be less likely to
cause loss of data. Howe ver, a write throu gh cache r esults in a slightly lower
performance.
G-10 eXtremeRAID Installation Guide
DAC1164P Problem Report
Customer Identification DAC1164P Identification
Name:_____________________________________ Date: Purchase Date:
Company:__________________________________ Model
Address: ___________________________________ Invoice Number:
________________ ___ __ _____________________ Serial Number:
__________________________________________ # Chnls: Cache:
Country: ___________________________________ Firmware Ver: BIOS Ver:
Make/Model/Size/Type of
Phone Number:_______________________________ Drives:
Fax Number:_________________________________ Disk:
Non-Disk:
System Information
Motherboard: ____________ CPU Speed: BIOS Ver:
Video Adapter: ___________ Network Card: MB Memory:
Operating Sys: ___________ Other Disk Ctrl: Other Cards:
Pack Configuration System Drive Configuration
Indicate in matrix below 1, 2... for member of pack 1, pack 2... respectively. Indicate S, T, C, or O for Standby, Tape, CDROM and other drives.
Chan-
nel
0123456789101112131415 1
02
13
24
SCSI ID
Problem Description
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
This DPR form has been inclu ded with your Mylex product as a co nvenience to both you and our Tec hnical
Services Department. If filled out completely, this will greatly assist Mylex personnel in quickly resolving
any technical problems or questions you may have. Use the Mylex fax number (510) 745-7715 to transm it
this form to the Technical Services Department, or mail to Mylex Corporation, Technical Services Department,
34551 Ardenwood Blvd., Fremont, CA 945 55-3607
System
Drive
0
5
6
7
Size RAID
Level
Write
Back/
Thru
772014-DAC1164
Mylex Warranty - Customer Policy
Thank you for pu rchasing this Mylex product fo r your comput er system. I n addition to this high-qu ality produc t,
your purchase entitl es you to the warranty coverage set forth herein. In order to provide this warranty coverage, and
to indicate yo ur ac cept ance of this warr an ty, we must have the att ache d Warranty Registrat ion Ca rd com ple ted and
returned to us within 15 days of your pu rchase . Also, in or der for us to provide you the hi ghest level of service, we
must know where you purchased your MYLEX product.
Three Year Limited Warranty
If at any time during the thirty six month period immediately following the date of original purchase of the MYLEX
product enclosed herewith (the “PRODUCT”) you discover one or more defects in the material or workma nship,
MYLEX will repair, or at MYLEX’s sole option, replace the PRODUCT. If the PRODUCT fails to operate at any
time within seven days after the date of its original purchase, it will be replaced by MYLEX. Such repair or replacement will be your sole remedy against MYLEX, and MYLEX’s only liabi li ty to you, for any failure or m al function
of the PRODUCT. The warranty set forth in this paragraph will be void if:
1. The PRODUCT has been installed in an i mproper manner or in an impr oper operating environment.
2. The PRODUCT has been modified or repaire d by any party other than MYLEX or a MY LE X fac tory authorized
service center.
3. The PRODUCT has been damaged.
Some MYLEX products will have a Warranty Expiration Date label affixed to the produ ct it self. Wh en pre sent, the
warranty period will extend through the last day of the month indicated.
This warranty will not a ppl y t o, a nd MYLEX provides no warranty for, any BIOS, software, ROM-based firmware,
or any other PRODUCT developed or manufactured by any third party, whether included with this PRODUCT or
not. Such warranty o r warranties as are pr ovided by third parties, t o the extent permit ted thereby, shall be made
available, and are hereby assigned, by MYLEX to the purchaser of this PRODUCT.
If MYLEX issues a revision to the BIOS, firmware or software included with this PRODUCT within 30 days of
your purchase, MYLEX will replace such firmware at no charge except handling fees.
Out of Warranty Service
Mylex products which are inel igible for warranty service may be serviced by MYLEX according to our standard
price list, as mod ified from time to time. A curr ent copy of the st andard pric e list is available from the Technical
Support Department.
Limitation of MYLEX Liability
MYLEX’s liability arising from the sale, use and disposition of this PRODUCT shall in no event exceed the amount
paid to MYLEX for this PRODUCT. MYLEX assumes no liability for damages aris ing from the use or failure of
any MYLEX product. The WARRANY DESCRIBED ABOVE CONSTITUTES THE ONLY WARRANY MADE
BY MYLEX. MYLEX EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND
WHATSOEVER, WHETHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, WHICH ARE HEREBY EXPRESSLY
EXCLUDED. IN NO EVENT WILL MYLEX BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION LOSS OF DATA, USE, OR INCOME), EVEN IF
ADVISED OF SUCH DAMAGES IN ADVANCE. You r sole remedies shall be as provided herein.
P/N: 772058-07 3-99 Printed in U.S.A.
Returned Merchandise Procedures
If you suspect that there i s a de fect i n the mate rial or workma nship of this PRODUCT, you should contact the person or company from which you purc hased it. That person or company ma y be able to solve the problem and if not,
will be able to contac t us for technical assistance or repair.
If it is determined that the PRODUCT must be returned to MYLEX for repair or replacement, contact MYLEX’s
Technical Support Department at 510-608-2 400 before it is returned. Each retur ned item must have a separate
Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) number, provided by MYLEX.
The following rules apply to all returned items:
1. The PRODUCT must be returned eithe r in its origin al packagin g or in othe r packagi ng which is a ppropria te for
the PRODUCT and the manner of shipment, and the RMA number must be displayed prominently on the outside of
each such packag e.
2. If a PRODUCT is determined to be i neligi ble for warrant y serv ice, the cust omer wi ll be no tified before any fu rther action is taken with the PRODUCT.
3. MYLEX will not be responsible for any loss or damage to property shi ppe d with t he RMA PRODUCT not originally sold by MYLEX (e.g., coprocessor chips, periphera l boards, memory modules, enclosures, power supplies, or
any other accessories or attached items).
4. Any item returned to MYLEX without a valid RMA number will be retu rned to the shipper.
Products shipped to MYLEX must be shipped or mailed at the shipper’s risk, freight prepaid, to the address bel ow.
Mylex Corporation
34551 Ardenwood Blvd.
Fremont, California U.S.A.
94555-3607
Mylex will pay for return freight via such carrier as MYLEX shall de em appropriate.
Technical Support
Technical support, to assist you in resolving problems with MYLEX products, is available through MYLEX’s Technical Support Departm ent. In the U.S.A., the Technical Support Departmen t can be reach ed by teleph one at (510)
608-2400, by FAX at (510) 745-7715, or by e-mail at support@mylex.com. Current hours of operat ion, which are
subject to change , are from 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m . Pacific Time, Mondays through Fridays, excluding U.S.A.
national holidays. Many problems can also be sol ved using the Mylex Web site (http:// www.mylex.com), which
has a support area available 24 hours a day for interactive technical support.
Included with the shi pment of most MYLEX products is a System Pro blem Report (SPR) form. When conta cting
the Technical Support Department fo r assista nce with a n in stall ation or c omp atibi lity proble m, we recom men d that
this form be complet ed and sent by facsimile or mail to MYLEX. Completion of t his form will allow our Technical
Support Department to solve most technical problems exped it io usly.
Mylex will make reasonable e fforts to address compa tibility proble ms which ma y arise with respe ct to third pa rty
products, but shall not be responsible for the compa tibi li ty of its products with the products of any third party. Customers are advised to verify each product ’s compatibili ty with their installation before committin g to any particular
procurement plan.
CorporateOffices
Tel:510.796.6100 SalesFax:510.745.8016 www.mylex.com
EuropeanSales
Tel:44.1344.302200 Fax:44.1344.301100 www.mylex.com
●
34551 Ardenwood Blvd., Fremont, CA94555-3607, USA
●●
●
P.O. Box 513, Great Missenden, Bucks HP 16 OPG, United Kingdom
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