IBM ELECTRONIC MULTIPLIER User Manual
I
BM
ELECTRIC PUNCHED CARD
ACCOUNTING MACHINES
CUSTOMER ENGINEERING MANUAL OF INSTRUCTION
ELECTRONIC MULTIPLIER
TYPE
603
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
NEW
YORK.
NEW
YORK
Published by
Department of Education
International Business Machines Corporation
Endicott, N. Y.
Copyright
1948
International Business Machines Corporation
590
Madison Avenue, New York
22,
N.
Y.
Printed in
U.
S.
A.
Form 22-3838-0
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
OPERATING FEATURES
................................................
Main Line Switch
......................................................
Power Indicating Light (Green)
......................................
Start Key
........................................................................
Stop Key
..........................................................................
Error Indicating Light (Red)
.....................................
................................................
Error Reset Push Button
.................................................
Factor Reversal Switch
Card Hopper
................................................................
Card Stacker
...................................................................
Speed
.............................................................................
............................................................................
Current
..............................................................
Control Panel
FUNCTIONAL PRINCIPLES
Multiplication
.....................................................................
Decimals
..............................................................................
One-Half Correction
...........................................................
Double Punch and Blank Column Detection
................
Multiplication Check
.......................................................
Group Multiplication
..........................................................
Product Overflow
................................................................
Product Summary
...............................................................
Column Splits
......................................................................
Punch Suppression
..............................................................
Class Selectors (Optional)
................................................
Distributor (Optional)
......................................................
Sign Control (Optional)
...............................................
Sign Corltrol Checking
.....................................................
MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES
Location of Parts
........................................................
Drive Mechanism
............................................................
Punch Clutch
..............................................................
Feeding Mechanisms
....................................................
Index and Cycles
...............................................................
Geneva Mechanism
..................................................
Single Revolution Timing Cam
..................................
Principle of Punching
................................................
Magnet Unit
.....................................................................
.........................................................................
Oil Pump
Cam Contacts
....................................................................
ADJUSTMENTS
PUNCH CLUTCH
......................................................................
GENEVA MECHANISM
..........................................................
Single Revolution Timing Cam
..........................................
Single Revolution Timing Cam Bracket
.........................
Geneva Clutch
.................................................................
PUNCH UNIT
.............................................................................
Belt Tension
.......................................................................
Feed Roll Tension
................................................................
..........................................................
Feed Knife Guides
Feed Knife Projection
..................................................
...............................................................
Feed Knife Block
........................................................
Hopper Guide Posts
...........................................................................
Throat
......................................................................................
Die
............................................................
Punch Bail Tongue
Interposer Pawl Lock Bar and Spring Bail
....................
Punch Magnet Armatures
................................................
......................................
Punch Bail Connecting Links
Punch Hopper Side Plates
.............................................
Punch Brush Lateral Alignment
..................................
Anchor Slide Adjustment
..............................................
Brush Timing
................................................................
Vertical Registration
.......................................
.....................................................................
Stacker Plate
..........................................................
Stacker Timing
.....................................................................
CONTACTS
Adjustment of Cam Contacts
........................................
...........
Adiustinent of Card Lever Contacts
ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES
PUNCH UNIT CIRCUITS
........................................................
............................................................
Time Delay Circuits
........................................
Start Circuit and Bias Interlock
Start Interlock Circuits (Gang Punching Only;
............
Start and Running Circuits (No Cards in Machine)
-~----
Start and Running Circuits (Cards in Machine)
...........
......................................................
Reading Brush Circuits
I,
lectronic Computing Control Circuits
..........................
..............................................................
Punch Suppression
...............................................................
Product Summary
...............................................................
Product Overflow
Factor Reversal and Check Circuits
..................................
..............................................................
Group Multiplying
Column Split,
0
and
X,
Hot
1
.....................................
Sign Control (Optional Feature)
.....................................
Class Selectors (Optional)
.................................................
Distributor (Optional)
.....................................................
POWER SUPPLY CIRCUITS
....................................................
Main Transformer and Selenium Rectifiers
........................
Tube Power Supply Chassis
...........................................
Constant Ratio Voltage Regulator
...................................
Screen Grid Supply
.............................................................
Voltage Adjustments
......................................................
PRINCIPLE OF MULTIPLYING
Computing
Circuits-General
BASIC CIRCUITS
TRIGGER CIRCUIT
.......................................................
77
Theory of Operation
....................................................
77
Coupling of Trigger Circuits
........................................
85
Trigger Circuits Used in Electronic Computing
..
86
Control of Other Tubes by Triggers
................................
89
ELECTRONIC COUNTER
........................................................
91
Indicator Blocks
..................................................................
97
Counter Read-In from Card
...........................................
98
Read-In Pulse Circuit
........................................................
100
Counter Read-In at High Speed
..................................
101
COMPUTING CIRCUITS
....................................................
103
Multivibrator and Clippers
........................................
103
Electronic Timers
...................................................
110
Compute Start Control and Primary Timer
...................
112
Secondary and Tertiary Timers
....................................
113
Multiplier Advancing Pulses
....................................
114
Ten-Pulse Control
................................................
119
Multiplicand Counter Rolling Control
.........................
121
Multiplicand Read-Out
...............................................
124
Column Shift Switches
............................................
127
Tertiary Timer and Colun~n Shift Control
.................
13 1
Carry Control and Carry Circuits
.............................
134
Half-Entry
..............................................
139
Compute Stop
...................................................
140
Read-Out Circuits
.................................................
142
TESTING PROCEDURE AND TROUBLE ANALYSIS
Use of Neon Indicator Bulb. Voltmeter and Oscilloscope
149
PURPOSE OF TUBES IN THE COMPUTING SECTION
Feed Hoppar Start-Stop Keys
\
Joggle Plate
/
/
Read
and
Punch
Unit
Electronic Computing
Unit
ELECTRONIC MULTIPLIER
Type
603
IBM ELECTRONIC MULTIPLIER
TYPE
603
INTRODUCTION
THE
CONVENTIONAL
mulriplying machine using
mechanical counters for the computation of products is considerably limited in its speed of oper-
arion because of the inertia of moving parts. By
the use of electrical computation circuits, calculat-
ing speeds can be increased considerably. The Electronic Multiplier makes use of recently-developed
electronic circuits which calculations at
extremely high speeds.
Thus the burdensome and
usually slow-speed process of computing products
is reduced to an automatic high-speed process in
keeping with the other high-speed functions of the
IBM Accounting Machine Method. Calculations
involving earnings, material costs, discounts, inventories, and many other computations can be
effected automatically to
speed up the accounting
routines which normally require much time and
ond, between the reading and punching of each
card.
OPERATING FEATURES
THE
operating controls and features of this ma-
chine, which can be seen in Figure
1,
are all located
on the punch unit.
Main Line Switch
This switch must be
ON
for the machine to be
operative.
It must not be turned
OFF
while cards
are feeding through the machine.
Power Indicating Light (Green)
When this light is
ON,
the machine is ready for
operation.
It will not turn on until
suficient time
has been allowed for the electronic tubes to warm
effort.
UP.
The Type 603 Electronic Multiplier consists es-
Start Key
sentially of a unit for reading and punching and
an electronic computing unit connected
by a cable
This key is depressed to start the feeding of
as shown by the
general view of the machine on the
cards at the beginning of a run.
It must be held
frontispiece. The factors
punched in an IBM Card
down through three machine cycles, when first
are read by the reading unit, computations are
starting, before
automaric operation begins.
automatically made by the electronic computing
unit, and
+the result is then punched in the same
card by the punching unit. No time is lost waiting for the completion of the computing operations; all computations are
performed between
the time a card leaves the reading brushes and the
time it reaches the punching position. The machine is equipped with a control
panel which makes
it entirely flexible as to the reading and
punching
of information.
The IBM Electronic Multiplier, Type 603, represents the first commercial use of electronics for
multiplication.
The use of electronic circuits for
computing permits operation of this multiplier at
maximusr punching speed of 6000 cards per hour.
The multiplication itself is
performed in .027 sec-
Stop Key
This key is depressed for manual control of stopping the feeding of cards while the machine is
through running.
Error Indicating Light (Red)
This light glows when an error is detected by the
Double Punch and Blank Column Detection Device, or when a
product exceeds the card field
capacity as indicated by the Product Overflow
feature.
Error Reset Push Button
This button is depressed to extinguish the error
light and restore the machine to normal operation,
after the machine has stopped because of an error.
2
TYPB,
603
'E.LECTR.ON.lt 'MULTlPLF,ER
;
Card
Face
Edge
Figure
I.
Operating Features
Indicating
(Red)
#
Factor Reversal Switch Speed
When set
ON,
this switch autamatically reverses
The operating speed of rhis machine is
100
cards
the multiplier and multiplicand entry hubs.
It is
per minute regardless of the number of columns
used in checking operations.
punched and the size of the
multiplier or multi-
Card Hopper
plicand fields.
Cards are placed in the card hopper face down,
current
9
edge first. The capacity of the hopper is approxi-
This machine is supplied to operate only on
11
5
mately
800
cards.
volts or
230
volts
A.C.,
SO
or
60
cycle current.
Card Stacker
Control Panel
After leaving the last set of brushes, cards enter
the stacker which has a capacity of approximately
The automatic control panel provides a means
1000
cards.
If the stacker fills
to
capacity, the
for flexible setup of rhe machine for all operations.
machine will be stopped
automatically by the
Figure 2 shows a control panel with the function
stacker stop switch.
of each hub described.
Figure
2.
Control Panel-Explanation of Hubs
FUNCTIONAL PRINCIPLES
Multiplication
The Electronic Multiplier can multiply two
6-
digit factors to produce a 12-digit product. Figure
3
shows control panel wiring for an individual
mulriplication problem. The multiplier and multiplicand are read from the card at the first reading station, represented on the control panel by
the 80 exits labelled "Read for Entry and Control." They are wired to rhe multiplicand and
multiplier counter entries.
The
product is available for punching at Product Exit. The product
exit positions from which the product is read must
be wired
TO
the Punch Entry hubs representing the
columns in which the product is to be punched.
order. These positions are represenred on the control panel by the hubs labelled "Double Punch and
Blank
Columh Entry."
These hubs are supple-
mented by
10 control panel switches labelled
"Blank
Column Switches" which correspond to the
10 DPBC entry hubs. The blank column switches
must be set
ON
for blank column checking.
Multiplication Check
In order thar the double punch and blank column feature may be used for checking multiplication, it should be used on each original multiplying run to prove that only one hole has been
punched in each product column and that no coI-
Decimals
umns are unpunched. For this purpose, the product
When either of the two factors contains deci-
field columns in Read for Checking should be
mals, the decimal
in the product will
wired ro Double Punch and
lank
column ~ntr~,
equal the sum of the decimal ~ositions of .the fac-
as shown in Figure
3.
tors.
Only those decimal positions which are to
When the
punching has been checked in the
be retained in the product are wired from Product
original run, the double punch and blank column
Exit to Punch Entry.
detection feature may then be used in a separate
One-Half Correction
When some decimal places are dropped from a
product, rhe product can be corrected to the nearest whole number or decimal position by
adding
5
to the first position following the retained pro-
duct. In the Electronic
Multiplier, this
'/2
correction can be made in any of rhe six right-hand
positions of the product counter. On the control
panel,
52
entries are located directly above the
product exits, and the
'/2
entry common is ad-
jacent. The
5
for
'/2
correction will be entered
inro the product counter during multiplication,
once for each card.
run to prove the calculation.
The cards are re-run
through the machine with the wiring of
.the mul-
tiplicand and multiplier counters reversed by
plat-
ing the factor reversal switch
ON.
During this
second operation the machine again multiplies and
punches the resulr in the product field.
With the
product field wired from Read for Checking to
the DPBC Entry, any product punched in this
re-run which differs from the original product will
cause a
double-punched column and will therefore
be sensed
by double punch detection. If an error
is detected, the machine will
srop and turn on the
red
light at the front of the machine. The reset
button must be depressed to turn the
lighr out.
Double Punch and Blank Column Detection
The start key must then be depressed for one card
The Electronic Multiplier is
equipped with 10
cycle, at the end of which time the card in error
double punch and blank column detection posi-
will be in the top position in the stacker and may
tions.
Ten additional positions are available on
be removed for review.
FUNCTIONAL PRINCIPLES
5
Figure
3.
Multiplication
The multiplier field (two decimal places) is entered in
the multiplier counter.
The multiplicand field (four decimal places) is entered
in the multiplicand counter.
Only two decimal positions are retained in the product;
5 is added to the third decimal position to correct the
product to the nearest whole cent.
The product (two decimal places) is punched in col-
umns
76
-
80.
The punched product field is checked for double punching.
The punched product field is checked for blank columns.
For group multiplication, this dotted wiring should be
added.
Only
5
positions are allowed on the card for punching
the product.
If a product carries to six positions,
a 12
is punched in card column
70.
Wiring for checking is the same as for the orig-
inal run; the
only difference is the reversal of the
factors
by the factor reversal switch.
Group Multiplication
The Electronic Multiplier can be used for group
multiplication, in which one factor remains constant for all cards in a group. The common factor
for group multiplication in the Electronic Multiplier must be wired to the multiplier counter. (The
multiplicand counter may be used to carry the
group multiplier if the factor reversal switch is
set
ON.)
The multiplier must be punched in a
card
designated by a 9 punch and placed at the
front of each group. The multiplier counter will
not reset until a group is finished and the special
multiplier card for the next group is about to be
read.
For group multiplication, the group multiplier
control panel switch should be wired
ON.
The
column punched
9
in the group multiplier card
must also be wired from Read for Entry and Control to one of the group multiplier pickups labelled
"9".
The reading of a 9 by the pickup causes the
machine to reset the multiplier counter, read in the
new multiplier, and eliminate punching and checking of the rate card.
With the group multiplier switch wired
ON,
the
reading of the
9
by the pickup hub causes only the
multiplier field to be read from the group multiplier card and only the multiplicand field to be
read from the detail cards. The basic wiring for
group multiplication is the same as for individual
multiplication. The additional wiring required is
shown dotted in Figure
3.
Product Overflow
Often the number of columns set aside on a
card to punch the product of a multiplication is
not
large enough to permit punching the largest
products. However, if
only a very small percentage of the total number of cards exceeds the capacity of the field, it may not be worth increasing
6
TYPE
603
ELECTRONIC MULTIPLIER
the size of the card field, thereby limiting the
number of columns available for other punching.
To take care of such cases, the
product overflow
feature is furnished on this machine.
To place the product overflow feature in
opera-
tion, the product counver position
next
to
the
highest order wired to punch is wired to the Product Overflow Entry hub. As long as the product
counter position wired to Product Overflow con-
tains
0, nothing happens. Any digit from 1
through 9 in this position causes the error light to
glow and the machine to stop when the card in
error is just
ready to enter the stacker.
Since
athe error light is used for other error signals, it is desirable to distinguish between errors
and overflow products. This is accomplished by
punching
a
12 hole in a card in which the product
exceeds the card field capacity. To punch the
12,
the Product Overflow 12 hub is wired to any
punch magnet, and
a
12 hole will be punched in
the overflow card.
With this arrangement,
a
card is examined after
an error light, and if
a
12 hole is punched, it is
apparent that the error was due to an overflow
product. This card can then be processed manually.
The necessary control
panel wiring is shown by
wiring
8
in Figure
3.
A 12 is punched in column
70 of the card with an overflow
product (Figure
3).
Product Summary
Often it is desired
TO
accumulate several products before punching. This permits special operations, such as
crossfooting on two cards, punching
the sum of several products, etc. To accomplish
this it is necessary to prevent reading out and clearing of the
product counter.
The product summary feature is
placed in opera-
tion by wiring the
PROD
SUM
control panel switch
ON.
This feature may be either No
X
or
X
controlled. Digit control is also provided. If
it is desired to punch the
product only in
X
Figure
4.
Use of Product Summary and Column Splits
I.
The multiplier field is entered in the multiplier counter.
2.
The multiplicand field is entered in the multiplicand
counter.
3.
The product is half corrected by adding
5
to the 3rd
position.
4.
The product is punched in card columns
54
-
60 sub-
ject to the Product Summary Wiring.
5.
The Product Summary feature is placed
in
operation.
6.
X
punchings in the cards to be punched with the
products are sensed.
7.
When an X-punched card passes the die, the product
is punched in the card and the counter is cleared.
8.
An X is punched in column 80 and an
0
in
column
I,
in all cards by means of the 0 and X and Column Split
features.
FUNCTIONAL PRINCIPLES
7
punched cards, the control panel wiring would be
as shown in Figure
4.
The standard wiring of the
multiplicand, multiplier, half-entry, etc. remains
the same as before. Of course, blank column check-
ing cannot be done in this case because many of
the cards are blank. However, double punch
checking may be used if desired.
If
ir
is
desired to punch in No X (or digit)
cards, the
N
hub is wired to the
PROD
SUM
hub,
below it. In this case X
punched cards will not
be punched, and the product will not clear.
A
blank card with the proper control punching
must precede a
product summary run to insure rhe
clearing of the
product counter provided a pro-
duct summary run is made immediately after turn-
ing the machine on. This card will insure the clearing of any random figures from the product
counter, resulting from turning the power on. On
normal runs this is not necessary because the product counter is cleared before starting the first
computation.
The
1 hub, which emits a 1 impulse during each
card cycle, may be used as a unit multiplier for
special
crossfooring operations from card to card
in connection with the product summary feature.
Column Splits
Two positions of column split are available as
standard on this machine.
The 0-9 hubs of the
column split are connected
wirh the C hubs from
9 through O of the card, and the 11-12 hubs are
connected with the
C
hubs from 11-12. This de-
vice permits an X or
12 punching over a 0-9 digit
to be recognized independently or to be ignored.
Wiring
8
on Figure 4 shows a typical use of the
column
splir device in connection with the O and
X
hubs for automatic punching of X's or 0's.
Punch Suppression
If it is desired to suppress punching in a card,
the card is either X punched or
punched with a
control digit in a specified column.
The control
punching
$hen causes the suppression of punching
on that card with proper wiring of rhe control
panel. No X (or digit) control is also furnished,
so that the control punching can appear on the
cards to be punched. This feature permits standard group (or interspersed) gang punching
oper-
a'tions on this machine.
The use of the punch suppression device in connection with two special features, the distributor
and a class selector, is shown in Figure
5.
In this
example, an offset interspersed gang
punching op-
eration is being performed.
If
No X (or digit) control is desired, rhe N hub
is wired to the
PCH
SUP
hub below. This setup
causes only X (or digit) punched cards to be
punched. Master cards would not be punched
with a control
punching.
Class Selectors (Optional)
Class selectors are optional features on rhis ma-
chine.
Two class selectors may be installed on
order.
The selectors are arranged for either X or
D
pickup and for normal or delayed operation. If it
is desired to transfer the selector during the cycle
following the reading of the X (or digit), the
GR
PLG
is wired to the Exit 1 hub. Wiring the
GR
PLG
to the Exit 2 hub causes the selector to transfer
during the second cycle following the reading of
the X or
D
hole.
Figure
5
shows an example of class selector 1
picking up from a 3 punch in column 80 and
transferring during the second cycle following the
reading of the
3.
Distributor (Optional)
A
conventional 12-segment distributor can be
installed as an optional feature on this machine.
The distributor can be used as a
digir emitter by
'
wiring the CB hub to the distributor C hub. The
individual hubs of the distributor then emit timed
impulses corresponding to rhe hub label.
The distributor can also be used as a digit selec-
tor by wiring from the brushes to the
C
hub of the
8
TYPE
603
ELECTRONIC MULTIPLIER
Figure 5. Use of Class Selector for Offset Gang Punching
1. A 3 in column 80 is sensed for punch suppression control and class selector pickup, using a digit selector.
2. Punching is suppressed as the 3-punched card passes
the die and stripper.
3. The class selector
I
transfers while the 3-punched card
passes the second set of brushes.
4.
The No X card following the 3-punched card is punched
in card columns 56
-
60 from columns 21 -25.
5.
All No
X
cards gang punch in columns 56 - 60.
distributor. Then only the desired digit in any
card column can be recognized by proper wiring
of the
9-12
hubs of the distributor. Figure 5 shows
the distributor used as a digit selector.
Sign Control (Optional)
Sign control permits determination of the sign
(plus or minus) of a product by analysis of the
sign of its factors. Two factors having the same
sign produce a positive product, but if one factor
is positive and the other negative, the product will
be negative.
For multiplication, factors should
always be
punched as true figures whether their sign is plus
or minus. In an IBM card the minus sign may be
indicated by an X punch.
Any column may be
used for the X punch, indicating the sign of a factor, but preferably it should be the unit column of
the factor field.
Wiring for sign control is shown in Figure
6.
To
place the sign control feature in operation, the
SIGN
CTRL
control panel switch must be wired
ON.
There are two sign control pickups on the control
panel, labelled
MCX
(multiplicand X) and
MPX
(multiplier X). One of the two common hubs,
MCX
should be wired from the column in Read for
Entry and Control containing the minus X for
,the multiplicand. One of the two common hubs
MPX
should then be wired similarly for the multi-
plier minus
X.
If only one of the sign control pickups reads an
X, the product should be negative. The machine
will punch the product in true figures, and to
designate the product as negative, will punch an
X in the units column of the product field. To
punch the minus
X
in the units column, the units
position of the product field must be wired from
the
PRX
PCH
hub to the Punch Entry hub (Fig-
ure
6).
The wiring is taken through the column
split to permit
X
punching over the units digit. If
it is desired, the negative product X may be
punched in any column of the card.
Sign Control Checking
When sign control is used in the original calcu-
lation, with a negative product indicated by an X
FUNCTIONAL PRINCIPLES
9
(All X's identifying negative amounts punched over
units position of corresponding field.)
The multiplier factor is entered in the multiplier counter; the units position is brought through the MPX
hubs to recognize negative multipliers.
The multiplicand factor is entered in the multiplicand
counter; the units position is brought through the MCX
hubs to recognize negative multiplicands.
The product is punched in card columns
74
-
80,
the
units position is taken through the column split to permit both
a
digit and the sign control X to be punched
in the units position.
An
X
identifying a negative product is punched in the
units position of the product field through the column
split.
An
X
identifying a negative product is read when sign
control checking only.
The product is checked for double punchings and blank
columns; the units position of the product is taken
through the column split hub because of the
X
punched
over the units position in negative products.
Figure
6.
Multiplication
and
Checking with Sign Control
punch, the punching of this minus X for the product may also be checked during the re-run. In
the re-run, the wiring of the two sign control pickups, as well as wiring of rhe entries to multiplicand
and multiplier counters, is reversed by the factor
reversal switch.
To check the minus
X
punch in
the product, the units column of the product field
from Read for Entry and Control is wired to one
of the two common hubs labelled
PRX
CHK
(Fig-
ure
6).
These
PRX
CHK
entry hubs should read an
X
when only one of the two sign control pickups
has read an
X.
If one of these conditions occurs
without the other, an error condition will be indi-
cated.
When checking
multiplication with sign con-
trol for double punching, the
X
punched for nega-
tive products must be
eliminared from the double
punch check, if it is punched over the product
field. This is done by means of the column split
device as shown in Figure
6.
MEC'H'ANICAL PRINCIPLES
A
STUDY
of the mechanical principles of this ma-
chine is limited to the read and punch
uni.t, because
the only mechanical units on the electronic unit
are the blowers. Only the
locarion of parts on the
electronic unit will be given in
,this section. The
read and
punch unit is essentially the same as a
gang summary punch, and covers are removed in
exactly the same manner.
Location
of
Parts
The five general views of the read and punch
unit in Figures 7 through
11
show the location of
all parts and units which are visible at a glance.
Certain other features not readily visible must be
illustrated schematically.
The front view (Figure
7)
shows the card lever
contacts which are mounted on a
plate at the front
of the machine. The contacts have been
placed
ourside for convenient access, although the card
levers remain in the same relative location as in the
gang summary punch. Also visible from the front
is the cam contact unit located directly under the
hopper and a portion of the rube power supply
chassis located on the lower base. The tube power
Check Brush
CLC
Entry
Brush
CLC
::nE:"
Die
CLC
/
Unit
Relay
Figure
7.
Read and Punch Unit-Front View
10
'
MECH.ANICAL
PRINCIPLES
'
11
Terminal Punch Magnet
80
Terminal Punch Magnet
10
Selt
(Full
Common Terminal
Motor Starting
/
Capacitor
Connector Latch
miurn Rectifier
Figure
8.
Read and Punch Unit-Right Side View
supply chassis extends across the entire depth of
the lower left section of the punch unit. The rest
of the power supply chassis-can be seen in Figures
10
and
11.
The right side view (Figure
8)
shows the punch
magnet terminal connections.
It will be observed
that these connections are the reverse of standard
gang punch connections. This is because the cards
are fed into
rhis machine face down, 9 edge first.
connector used on summary
punches.
To permit
access to the rear of the cable connector, the frame
on which the cable connector and the selenium
rectifier are mounted can be swung
down.if the
latch holding
%he frame in place is 'released. The
selenium rectifier shown below the cable connector
is a full-wave rectifier which supplies
40
volts'
D.
C.
in conjunction with the main transformer for the
operation of the relays and punch magnets
.in the
Relays are mounted on the right side only if the
punch unit.
The filrer capacitors for this rectifier
class selectors and sign control features are in- are mounted on the left side.
stalled. The cable connector which provides a
con- The left side view (Figure
9)
shows the cam
venient means of electrically connecting the read contact unit which is mounted under the card hopand punch unit ro the electronic unit is a standard
per.
There is space for
52
cam contacts in this
12
TYPE
603
ELECTRONIC MULTIPLIER
,Eccentric
Shah
P1
Cam Contact
P27
Cam Contact
200
mld
Capachrs
I140V
Supply)
Figure
9.
Reed and Punch Unit-Left Side View
unit, numbered from front
to
rear, top to bottom. bleeder resistor shown below the rectifier, supplies
However, no cams beyond P41 are used, and although cams
9,
13, and 15 are not used, they retain
their numbers. The
12 amp fuses and 20 amp
fusetrons shown at the top of the fuse
panel are in
the main transformer circuit. The glass fuses are
in the punch circuits and in the tube power supply
circuits. The conventional arc-suppressing capacitors are mounted between the relay brackets and
above the half-wave selenium rectifier.
This selen-
ium rectifier, together with its filter capacitors and
140 volts
D.
C.
for the read-out power tubes in
the electronic unit. The four
2000 mfd. capacitors
shown below the 140 volt
D.
C.
selenium rectifier
are the filter capacitors for the 40 volt
D.
C.
sup-
ply. The double
punch and blank column detection
relays
37
through 57 are mounted on the left rear
gate. If
10 additional positions of DPBC detection
are installed, relays
58
through 77 are mounted
just to the left of
R37-R57.
a
MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES
13
Oil
Level
Crank
Stud Indicator
Gear Housing
\
Oil
Cup
Figure 10. Read and Punch Unit-Rear View
The rear view in Figure 10 shows the mechan-
ical features visible from the rear as well as the
main transformer and the tube power
supply chas-
sis. The tube power
supply furnishes
D.
C.
volt-
ages of
100
volts, 150 volrs, and 250 volts for the
operation of tubes in the electronic unit. The main
transformer supplies
A.
C.
of proper voltage to the
40 volt and 140 volt selenium rectifiers; it also
supplies -the filaments of all tubes except the gasfilled rectifier tubes.
In the close-up view of Figure
11,
a better pic-
ture of
-the main transformer and tube power sup-
ply chassis is shown. Note
particularly the system
for numbering terminals on both the transformer
and the power
supply chassis. The
EL-3C
and
EL-1C
tubes are gas-filled full-wave rectifier tubes,
14
TYPE
603
ELECTR0,NIC
MULTIPLIER
Figure
11.
Closeup
of
Main Transformer and Tube Power Supply Chassis
while
all
other tubes on the chassis are vacuum
tubes of the type indicated. All other components
in the power
supply circuit are mounted under-
neath the chassis.
Figure
12
shows schematically the location of
the brush assemblies, die and stripper assembly, and
the card levers. The hopper card lever is located
directly under the hopper. The punch brush
1
and die card levers are mounted
oh
the front side
frame. The former is located directly under the
punch brush
I
con,tact roll while the latter is
located under the second set of feed rolls. The
punch brush
2 card lever is mounted directly
above the punch brush
2
contact roll.
However,
all
card lever contacts are mounted on a plate at
the front of the machine as shown in Figure
7.
Note from Figures 13, 14 and
15
that there are
no
relays in the electronic unit. Figure
15
shows
the gates open with all connections accessible. The
general function of each tube chassis is given, but
no effort will be made to discuss these further un-
til the section on
Electrical Principles.
The switch
and push buttons shown in Figure
15
are not ac-
cessible unless the large gate is open; rhey are in-
tended solely as an aid in servicing the unit. The
blowers shown are provided to cool the tubes. Over
1200
watts of heat from the filaments alone must
be dissipated. One blower is provided for each
side of the electronic unit.
MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES
15
Hopper
i
Reading Station
I
Punching Station
I
I
(Entry and Control)
I
I
Reading Station
(Checking and
I
Gang Punching)
I
Figure 12. Schematic of Read and Punch Unit
Stacker
H
Chassis
M
Chassis
N
Chassis
Product
Input lnverlers
Figure
13.
Electronic Computing Unit-Front View
16
TYPE
603
ELECTRONIC MULTIPLIER
Figure
14.
Electronic Computing Unit-Rear
View
Drive
Mechanism
Power to drive the read and punch unit is furnished by the drive motor which can be seen in
Figure
8.
The drive motor transmits power to the
gear housing through a
V
belt and pulley. Practically all mechanisms are under control of the
punch clutch. All feeding operations are under
further control of the intermittent feed clutch
(geneva clutch). Figure
16
shows schmatically
the various units under the control of the two
clutches. When only the motor operates (with
neither clutch engaged), the drive pulley rotates
and drives the drive
pulley shaft to which the pul-
power with this cover off because oil will be
thrown out of the housing.) The eccentric shaft
drive gear operates the eccentric shaft which in
turn transmits motion to the punch bail. (The
operation of this bail is discussed in connection
with the principle of punching.) The geneva drive
gear operates the geneva and geneva
pawl and also
the
punch clutch idler gear and shaft. On the outside of the idler gear shaft is pinned a small gear
which drives the index gear (Figure
10).
The
punch clutch one-tooth ratchet is a part of the index gear assembly and rotates continuously as long
as the motor is in operation. The index gear and
ratchet rotate on the
~unch clutch shaft but are
ley is keyed.
Attached to this shaft inside the
not pinned to it.
gear housing are two gears, the geneva drive gear
In order to place the rest of -the machine units
and the eccentric shaft drive gear.
The mechan-
in operation it is necessary to unlatch the punch
isms and gear trains inside the gear housing may clutch pawl from its armature and allow it to en-
be
seen by removing the top cover from the hous-
gage in the continuously running one-~00th ratch-
ing. (Caution: Do not operate the machine under et, which is a part of the index gear assembly.
MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES
17
-
I
I
\
X
Chassis
Gate
Stop
Rod
Cover
&i&
Block
All
Chassis
Terminals are
marked
Figure
15.
Electronic Computing Unit with Gates Open
Punch
Brushes
2
Eccentric Shaft
Figure
16.
Schematic of Drive Mechanism
When the clutch pawl engages the one-tooth
ratchet, the punch clutch shaft
.turns with the
ratchet. The gear mounted on the outside end of
the punch clutch shaft in turn drives the P-cam
shaft, on which are mounted the P-cams. Within
the gear housing there are two sets of complementary cams pinned to the punch clutch shaft.
One set of cams operates the feed knives and the
other set
conrrols the engaging of the geneva clutch
pawl with its ratchet. The geneva ratchet is nor-
mally stationary; but when rhe geneva pawl engages with it, the ratchet is driven
by the geneva,
which imparts an intermittent motion
TO
this
ratchet. Riveted to the geneva ratchet is the
ratchet gear which serves as the drive gear for all
feed rolls, contact rolls, and the stacker roll. Since
all these rolls are driven from the geneva, they all
turn intermittently. The
intermirtent movement
is
nccessary to have the card in a stationary posi-
tion while
punching.
(This is discussed in more
detail in the section on the
Gerzeva Mechanis-in.)
Only the upper feed rolls and the punch brush
2
contact roll are driven from the gear train
in the housing.
The lower feed rolls are driven
by their corresponding upper rolls through gears
at the front of ,the machine. Also, the punch brush
1
contact roll is driven from the first upper feed
roll. The stacker roll is
driven by a gear train from
the last feed roll.
Punch Clutch
The punch clutch shown in Figure
17
is of the
one-tooth rarchet type commonly used on EAM
equipment, and its operation should be thoroughly
understood.
The principal parts of the clutch are
a
continuously running one-tooth ratchet, a clurch
pawl, a latching mechanism, and a magnet.
The
magnet provides a means of electrically controlling
the operation of the clutch.
The clutch magnet
armature serves as the latching mechanism to latch
the pawl and keep it from engaging in the ratchet.
When rhe magnet is energized, the armature is
attracted and the pawl is released or unlatched. The
One
Tooth Ratchet
Figure
17.
Clutch
pawl spring causes the pawl to pivot in a clockwise
direction and engage the one-tooth ratchet when
the
r2tchet tooth reaches the pawl. The pawl pivots
on a stud riveted to the clutch pawl arm which is
pinned to the punch clutch shaft. Thus, when the
pawl turns with the ratchet, the shaft must also
turn. Once the pawl is unlatched, it must make
one complete revolution before it can be relatched
since there is but one
la~chin~ point. For this reason it is necessary to keep the armature attracted
only
!ong enough to allow the pawl to engage the
ratchet. When rhe pawl reaches the end of its
cycle, the armature has been returned to its normal
position by the return spring and the tail of the
strikes the armature, causing the pawl to be
cammed out of mesh with the one-tooth ratchet.
When the pawl has been cammed out of mesh, the
keeper drops behind the clutch pawl arm and prevents ,the clutch shaft from turning backward.
Without the keeper, the shaft might turn back-
ward because of the rebound; then the pawl would
drop against the ratchet and
ca,tch on the tooth
once each cycle. This nipping action has a tendency to round off the edge of the one-tooth
ratchet. This is objectionable because a rounded
edge on the
ra~chet tooth may cause the pawl to
pull out of mesh under load.
MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES 19
of four bearing shoes held against the feed roll
shaft
by compression springs.
The card also passes two sets of brushes and contact rolls. The brush assemblies are identical except for minor constructional differences; each
consists of 80 individual brushes mounted in a
brush holder so that they are insulated from each
other. The contact rolls are made of beryllium
copper and are geared to turn at a higher speed
than the feed rolls to provide a
wiping action by
the card.
Index and Cycles
In explaining machine operations it is necessary
to make reference to one operation in terms of
Figure
18.
Punch Feed Knife Drive
another.
By using an index for a common refer-
ence point this becomes possible.
The index gear
Feeding Mechanisms
serves as the common reference for all machine
The purpose of the feed knives is to feed one
operations.
One complete revolution of the index
card through the throat into the first set of feed
gear is called one cycle. If the punch clutch is en-
rolls for each revolution of the punch clutch. The
gaged,
a card would move from the first set of
feed rolls rhen carry the card past the brush sta-
brushes to a corresponding posirion at the die (or
tions and punching station to the stacker.
The
from the die to the second set of brushes) during
knives are driven back and forth by gear sectors
one revolution
of
the index.
For convenience in
which mesh with the feed knife racks. The gear
measurement one cycle is divided into units called
sectors are pinned to a shaft which oscillates under
cycle
poifzts.
The most logical unit of division is
the
control of a complementary cam and follower
the distance between successive
punching positions
mounted on the punch clutch shaft (Figure 18).
on the card.
Therefore the distance from the
9
When a card is fed from the magazine, it is fed
punching position to the 8 punching position in
between the first pair of feed rolls. The feed rolls
one card represents one cycle point, while the dis-
operate intermittently, hence
rhey will be station-
tance from the
9
punching posirion in one card to
ary during a portion of the time a card is being fed
the
9
punching position in the following card is
between them.
The feed knife carries a card up
one cycle.
to the first feed rolls while the feed rolls are
sta-
There are 12 punching positions on the card.
rionary.
To insure that the first feed rolls will
Each
punching position is
j/4
inch from the next,
pick up the card, the knife buckles the card slight-
therefore, for each cycle point the card moves
'/4
ly just before the feed rolls start turning.
inch on its
path rhrough the machine.
Since the
As indicated in Figure 16, the card passes card is 3
'/4
inches wide, it requires 13 cycle points
through four sets of feed rolls on its way to
he
to advance a card past any given point.
In this
stacker. The upper feed rolls are mounted in fixed
machine there is
'/4
inch between cards, therefore,
bearings while the lower feed rolls are provided
the cycle consists of 14 cycle points. The teeth on
with
pivoted bearings to allow separation of the
the index gear are used for further subdivisions.
rolls when a card is fed between them.
Feed roll
Thus a timing given as 14.1 indicates one tooth
tension is provided by a pressure bracket consisting
past the
14
index mark.
20
TYPE
603
ELECTRONIC MULTIPLIER
Geneva Mechanism
As indicated previously, the feed rolls in this
machine
operare intermittently to allow punching
of the card. The card must not be in motion while
the are being driven through the card and
withdrawn.
If the card is moving, the holes will
not be clean cut, but ragged and torn.
Since the
card
musr be standing still while it is punched,
then moved to
a
new punching position fourteen
times each cycle, the motion is necessarily
inter-
Gene
mittent. This intermittent mo.tion is obtained by
means of a geneva mechanism.
The geneva drive gear is located just inside the
gear housing and pinned to the pulley shaft.
A
stud and roller fastened ro this gear operate in the
slots of the driven member of the geneva gear
(Figure
19).
The hub of the geneva drive gear is a cam sur-
face for approximately two-thirds of its periphery.
This cam surface holds the feed rolls in a station-
ary position during punching time by locking rhe
geneva in position.
The geneva disc has seven deep slots and seven
shallow cuts in it. The roller of the drive gear
operates in the deep cuts in the geneva disc and
the cam surface rides in the shallow cuts. As the
drive roller leaves the deep cut of the geneva disc,
Figure
19.
Geneva Mechanism
Figure
20.
Geneva
Pawl
and Ratchet
the cam surface turns into the low cut and stops
the geneva disc from turning and
holding it until
the drive gear has rotated to a point where
the
drive roller enters the next deep slot of the geneva
disc and starts driving.
Then the cam surface has
turned to
a
poinr where it releases the disc and al-
lows it to turn freely.
The geneva disc turns con-
tinuously as long as the drive motor runs. However, no motion is transmitted to the feed rolls until the geneva pawl is engaged with its one-tooth
ratchet. The geneva
pawl is pinned
to
the same
shaft
as
the geneva disc.
This shaft runs through
the hub of the one-tooth ratchet and gear. The
one-toorh ratchet is free on the shaft and does not
turn unless the geneva pawl is engaged. The onetooth ratchet gear (Figure
20)
is meshed with the
feed roll drive gears.
Pawl Disengaging Roller
Geneva Pawl
Figure
21.
Pawl
Disengaging
Roller
MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES
2
1
When the punch clutch is not engaged, the gen-
eva
awl
rides on the surface of the one-tooth
ratchet during the greater part of the
cycle. When
the
pawl reaches a point opposite the single tooth,
the tail of the
pawl strikes the
awl
disengaging
roller (Figure
2 1
)
and is cammed away from the
ratchet until it has moved past the point where
it may engage in the single tooth of the ratcher.
By cranking the machine by hand, it can be noted
how the pawl disengaging roller prevents the
ge-
neva pawl from engaging.
From the above, it is
evident that the operation of the geneva
pawl is
controlled by the pawl disengaging roller. The
pawl disengaging roller is mounted on a
triangular
plate (Figure
21)
which is free to pivot on the
latch cam roller arm. The latch cam roller arm
(Figure
22)
is operated by the latch cam which
turns only when the punch clutch is engaged.
When the punch clutch is engaged, the latch cam
turns, causing the latch cam arm to rotate in a
counterclockwise direction. As the latch cam arm
rotates, the upper end moves to the left and down
allowing the
pawl disengaging roller to move past
the single revolution timing cam and the geneva
pawl to engage in the one-tooth ratchet.
As the
cycle is completed, the larch cam causes the latch
cam arm to rotate in a clockwise direction carrying
the pawl disengaging roller to the right. The roller strikes the tail of the geneva
pawl and disen-
gages the pawl from
the one-tooth ratchet when
the roller is backed
by the single revolution timing
cam.
Single Revolution Timing Cam
The geneva disc has 7 cuts in it and moves the
card one
cycle point for each cut. The machine is
a fourteen point cycle machine; therefore, the
geneva disc must make two revolutions per machine
cycle, which means that the geneva pawl will pass
the
pawl disengaging roller twice during each
cycle. The purpose of the single revolution timing
cam is to prevent the feed rolls from stopping in
a position half way through a cycle.
At the end
of the first revolution of the geneva pawl and disc,
the flat side of the single revolution timing cam
should be down (Figure
22).
The pawl disengaging roller is free to swing away from the tail of
the pawl. Therefore, in case the geneva
pawl had
become disengaged from the one-tooth ratchet, it
would be free to drop into the one-tooth ratchet
on the next revolution to complete the
cycle. This
assures that the
pawl will not be disengaged by the
pawl disengaging roller until the punch unit mechansim has reached its proper latching position and
that the geneva makes two revolutions for each
cycle.
Principle of Punching
The mechanism for punching holes consists of
80 individual punches, each controlled by an in-
/
Cam Assembly
terposer, 80 punch magnets together with arma-
Geneva Pawl
Disengaging Roller
(Pinned to this
shaft which carries
tures and pull wires to control the 80 interposers,
punch clutch pawl)
.
a punch bail to drive the punches through the card,
and the eccentric drive shaft and links to operate
L\-<j
the punch bail. There is a separate punch for each
card column; any one punch may be required to
punch any hole from
9
to
12.
The cards feed in
,
I
',
'/
.___.',
9
edge first, and every 9 to be punched is punched
:
0
at the same time. The card then moves to the
8
Figure
22.
Single Revolution Timing Cam
position and every 8 is punched, and so on until
22
TYPE
603
ELECTRONIC MULTIPLIER
Eccentric Shaft
R
I
Magnet
Pull
Wire
Stripper
Die
A
Figure
23.
PI
all positions have been punched. Thus, all possible
~unchin~ is done in 12 cycle points.
As
previously mentioned, the eccentric shaft
operates continuously as
long as the drive motor is
in operation. The purpose of the eccentric shaft
is to convert the rotary motion of the shaft to the
reciprocating motion necessary to operate the
punch bail. The punch bail operates up and down
once for each cycle point. This up and down
morion is imparted to the punch bail through the
punch bail connecting links (Figure
23A). When
the magnet is de-energized, the punch bail may
move up and down without contacting the interposer; therefore no
punching takes place. When
the
punch magnet is energized, its armature is at-
tracted, and through the
pull wire the correspond-
ing punch interposer
is
pulled into engagement
with the punch bail tongue. Since the punch bail
tongue operates up and down, it carries the punch
interposer and the
punch connected to it down
through the cards. On the return stroke, the punch
is positively withdrawn from the card by the action of the
punch bail. The purpose of the knockoff bar is to disengage the interposer from the
punch bail tongue. As the interposer is returned
Magnet
lnte
B
.inciple
of
Punching
to its normal position, the upper rounded edge
strikes the knockoff bar and the interposer is
cam-
med away from the punch bail tongue.
The in-
terposer spring then holds the interposer in normal
.
position.
Figure 23A shows the bail in its upward position before the interposer is moved under it, while
Figure 23B shows the bail driving the
punch down
through the die.
Magnet Unit
The punch magnet unit consists of 80 punch
magnets along with their armatures and pull wires,
80 interposers and
punches, the die and stripper
assembly, and the
punch bail assembly. Figure 24
shows a magnet unit with the punch bail and interposer knockoff bar removed. The insert shows
a
closeup of the interposers.
There are three types of interposer and
punch
assemblies.
One type is used in the first column,
another type in the 80th column, and yet another
is used in all columns from
2 to
79
inclusive. The
interposer used in the
1st column is provided with
a
long stud for the eye of the magnet ~ull wire to
prevent it from slipping off the stud. The
inter-
MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES
23
Figure
24.
Magnet Unit
poser used in column
80
is attached to the punch
Column
2-79
Column
1
to prevent the interposer from slipping off.
The
orher interposers, being protected on both sides by
other interposers, do not require any such precau-
tionary design. The three types are shown in Figure
25.
The interposers are being referred to as
they are located in
rhe Type
603
punch unit and
not according to the column of the card as placed
in the gang punches. It can be seen that the interposers have been relieved to
provide a space be-
tween them. This space
prevefits the interposers
from sticking together and causing extra holes to
be punched. The interposers should be kept free
of foreign particles and gumming oil.
The magnet unit is held in place by four mount-
ing screws and located
by two aligning screws
(Figure
26).
The adjusting screws at the left end
locate the unit in a vertical position at the left
end to permit proper fit of the die assembly. The
Column
\
Figure
25.
Three Types
of
Interposers
24
TYPE
603
ELECTRONIC MULTIPLIER
C
Figure
26.
Magnet
Unit-Top
View
aligning screws locate the magnet unir laterally to
Cam
Contacts
permit adjustment of the vertical punching regis-
The cam contact used on this machine makes it
tration.
possible to obtain any desired duration of contact
Oil
Pump
ranging from a fraction of a cycle point to a com-
The oil pump is a simple rotary-vane type pump.
It is located inside the gear housing on the shaft
of the small gear which drives the index. It pumps
the oil from the bottom of the gear housing to the
top where it is free to run down over the geneva
and gears.
The rotor is
pivoted off-center in the housing
as shown in Figure
27.
The expansion chamber at
the inlet provides
a
vacuum and causes the oil to
enter the pump from the well below. The compression chamber at rhe outlet causes oil to be
forced out at the top.
plete cycle.
This contact is available in two styles, latching
and non-latching
The latching style (Figure
28)
is used for all contacts that operate bur once during a
cycle; the non-latching style is used for contacts which must make more than once during a
cycle, such as the circuit breakers which feed impulses to rhe brushes for reading the card.
All contacts are closed by a lobe on a bronze
cam which operates against the contact plunger
and carries it beyond the latching point so that the
conract latch lever may support the contact
MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES
25
Outlet
-
=-%
Rotor Pump
Compression
Chamber
Pump Vane
Latching
pump housing
\\
Vanes
Contact
Plunger
hQ
Figure
27.
Oil Pump Dismantled
Figure
28.
Contact Cam
Rotor
Pump Luring
\-
Expansion
Chamber
li
Inlet
plunger.
The unlatching cam may be adjusted to
any position with respect to the
periphery of the
bronze cam. This cam strikes the contact latch
lever and unlatches rhe contact plunger. In this
manner the contact duration may be adjusted.
There is a maximum of
41
cams and contacts
mounted in the P-cam unit numbered from front
to rear,
rop to bottom. Cams
9,
13,
and
1F
are
not used but they retain their number. The P-cam
unit is arranged so that it can be swung to the left
to permit access ro the underside of the cams and
contacts. Care must be exercised when remeshing
the unit to see that the unit is installed in time with
the index.
ADJUSTMENTS
PUNCH CLUTCH
1.
Mount clutch assembly with rhe three
mounting screws.
2.
Set clutch latch stop screw for
.OIj"
clearance between the latch point and the tail of the
clurch pawl when the latch is against the latch stop
screw. Move magnets if necessary (Figure
29).
3.
Set the clutch latch backstop screw for
&"
overlap of the latch over the tail of the pawl (Figure
30).
4.
Move the magnet coil mounting plate in
elongated holes to provide for
.008"
to
.OIO"
clear-
ance between the armature and cores when the
latch is against the stop screw (Figure
3 I
)
.
.
There should be
.003"
clearance between
the keeper and the clutch
pawl arm when the pawl
is latched. This is obtained
by s,toning or peening
the keeper (Figure
32).
If
the clutch is removed
and replaced, the clutch plate should be mounted
with the mounting screws in the center of the
oversize holes. The other adjustments should
then be checked.
Figure
29.
Clutch Adjustment
w
Figure
30.
Clutch Adjustment
Clutch
Pawl
Arm
Magnet Coil
Mounting
Plate
Figure
31.
Clutch Adjustment
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