Reproduction, adaptation, or translation
without prior written permission is prohibited,
except as allowed under the copyright laws.
The information contained herein is subject to
change without notice.
The only warranties for HP products and
services are set forth in the express warranty
statements accompanying such products and
services. Nothing herein should be construed
as constituting an additional warranty. HP shall
not be liable for technical or editorial errors or
omissions contained herein.
Edition 1, 10/2015
Microsoft®, Windows®, Windows® XP, and
Windows Vista® are U.S. registered trademarks
of Microsoft Corporation.
Conventions used in this guide
TIP:Helpful hints or shortcuts.
NOTE:Information that explains a concept or how to complete a task.
Reinstallation tip:Reinstallation helpful hints, shortcuts, or considerations.
IMPORTANT:Information that help the user to avoid potential printer error conditions.
CAUTION:Procedures that the user must follow to avoid losing data or damaging the printer.
WARNING!Procedures that the user must follow to avoid personal injury, catastrophic loss of data, or
extensive damage to the printer.
ENWWiii
iv Conventions used in this guideENWW
For additional service and support information
HP service personnel, go to the Service Access Work Bench (SAW) at http://h41302.www4.hp.com/km/saw/
home.do.
Channel partners, go to HP Channel Services Network (CNS) at https://h30125.www3.hp.com/hpcsn.
At these locations, nd information on the following topics:
●
Install and congure
●
Printer specications
●
Up-to-date control panel message (CPMD) troubleshooting
●
Solutions for printer issues and emerging issues
●
Remove and replace part instructions and videos
●
Service advisories
●
Warranty and regulatory information
To access HP PartSurfer information from any mobile device, go to http://partsurfermobile.hp.com/ or scan
the Quick Response (QR) code below.
ENWWv
vi For additional service and support informationENWW
Table of contents
1 Theory of operation ....................................................................................................................................... 1
For additional service and support ........................................................................................................................ 2
Sequence of operation ........................................................................................................................ 4
Formatter-control system ..................................................................................................................................... 6
Auto On / Auto O mode ..................................................................................................................... 6
Printer job language (PJL) ................................................................................................................... 7
Printer management language (PML) ................................................................................................. 7
Control panel ....................................................................................................................................... 7
Walk-up USB ........................................................................................................................................ 8
CPU ....................................................................................................................................................... 9
Random access memory .............................................................................. 10
HP Memory Enhancement technology (MEt) ............................................... 10
Engine-control system ........................................................................................................................................ 11
Engine-control unit ........................................................................................................................... 11
DC controller ................................................................................................................... 13
High-voltage power supply ............................................................................................ 14
Temperature fuse ......................................................................................... 22
Fuser control functions ................................................................................................... 22
Engine laser/scanner system .............................................................................................................................. 23
Toner seal ........................................................................................................................ 37
Toner cartridge life detection ......................................................................................... 37
Developing unit engagement and disengagement control ........................................... 37
Intermediate transfer belt (ITB) unit ................................................................................................. 38
Secondary transfer roller functions ............................................................................... 38
Color self calibration ....................................................................................................... 40
Engine pickup, feed, and delivery system ........................................................................................................... 41
Photo sensors and switches ............................................................................................................. 41
Motors, clutches, and solenoids ........................................................................................................ 43
Feed speed control .......................................................................................................... 44
Pickup and feed delivery features .................................................................................. 44
Tray 3 paper feeder controller ........................................................................................ 48
Tray 3 motor control ....................................................................................................... 49
Tray 3 paper pickup ......................................................................................................... 49
Tray 3 pickup and feed functions ................................................................................... 50
Tray 3 jam detection .......................................................................................................................... 50
Scanning and image capture system .................................................................................................................. 52
Document feeder system .................................................................................................................................... 53
For additional service and support ..................................................................................................................... 60
Troubleshooting process ..................................................................................................................................... 61
Control panel checks ......................................................................................................................... 69
Tools for troubleshooting .................................................................................................................................... 71
Use a ruler to measure between repetitive defects .................................. 156
Clean the printer ................................................................................................................................................ 160
Print a cleaning page ....................................................................................................................... 160
Clean the scanner glass strip and platen ........................................................................................ 160
Clean the pickup and separation rollers ......................................................................................... 161
Clean the pickup rollers and separation pad in the document feeder ........................................... 162
Clean the touchscreen ..................................................................................................................... 163
Paper does not feed automatically .............................................................................. 167
Prevent paper jams ........................................................................................................................................... 168
Clear paper jams ................................................................................................................................................ 169
The printer does not print after the wireless conguration completes ...................... 185
The printer does not print, and the computer has a third-party rewall installed ..... 186
The wireless connection does not work after moving the wireless router or printer . 186
Cannot connect more computers to the wireless printer ............................................ 186
The wireless printer loses communication when connected to a VPN ........................ 186
The network does not appear in the wireless networks list ........................................ 186
The wireless network is not functioning ...................................................................... 186
Perform a wireless network diagnostic test ................................................................ 187
Reduce interference on a wireless network ................................................................. 187
Service mode functions ..................................................................................................................................... 188
Service menu ................................................................................................................................... 188
Secondary service menu ................................................................................................................. 189
Cannot connect to the email server ................................................................................................ 213
Validate the SMTP gateway (Windows) .......................................................................................... 213
Validate the LDAP gateway (Windows) ........................................................................................... 213
Update the rmware ......................................................................................................................................... 214
Method one: Update the rmware using the control panel ........................................................... 214
Method two: Update the rmware using the Firmware Update Utility .......................................... 215
Appendix A Certicates of volatility ............................................................................................................... 217
Certicates of volatility ..................................................................................................................................... 218
Index ........................................................................................................................................................... 223
ENWWxv
xviENWW
List of tables
Table 1-1 Sequence of operation .......................................................................................................................................... 4
Table 1-7 Fuser control functions ...................................................................................................................................... 20
Table 1-8 Fuser control functions ...................................................................................................................................... 22
Table 1-9 Image-formation drive system .......................................................................................................................... 27
Table 1-10 Image-formation switch and sensor system ................................................................................................... 28
Table 1-11 Image formation process ................................................................................................................................. 29
Table 1-12 Toner cartridge control functions .................................................................................................................... 35
Table 1-13 Secondary transfer roller functions ................................................................................................................. 38
Table 1-15 Photo sensors and switches ............................................................................................................................. 42
Table 1-16 Motors, clutches, and solenoids ....................................................................................................................... 43
Table 1-17 Print mode and feed speed .............................................................................................................................. 44
Table 1-18 Print mode and feed speed .............................................................................................................................. 45
Table 1-19 Tray 3 paper feeder electrical components ..................................................................................................... 49
Table 1-20 Tray 3 motor control ......................................................................................................................................... 49
Table 1-21 Pickup feed components (1x550-sheet paper feeder) .................................................................................... 50
Table 2-10 Rollers and power switch (printer base) .......................................................................................................... 84
Table 2-12 Major components (550-sheet paper feeder) ................................................................................................. 86
Table 2-13 PCA (550-sheet paper feeder) .......................................................................................................................... 86
Table 2-14 Motors and rollers (550-sheet paper feeder) .................................................................................................. 87
Table 2-15 HP Web Services menu ..................................................................................................................................... 98
Table 2-16 Reports menu ................................................................................................................................................... 99
Table 2-17 Self Diagnostics menu .................................................................................................................................... 101
Table 2-18 Fax Setup menu .............................................................................................................................................. 101
Table 2-19 System Setup menu ....................................................................................................................................... 104
Table 2-20 Service menu .................................................................................................................................................. 109
Table 2-21 Network Setup menu ..................................................................................................................................... 111
Table 2-22 Quick Forms menu .......................................................................................................................................... 112
Table 2-23 USB menu ....................................................................................................................................................... 113
Table 2-24 Fax Menu ......................................................................................................................................................... 113
Table 2-25 Copy menu ...................................................................................................................................................... 115
Table 2-26 Scan menu ...................................................................................................................................................... 117
Table 2-31 Service menu .................................................................................................................................................. 188
Table 2-32 Secondary service menu ................................................................................................................................ 189
Figure 1-1 Relationship between the main printer systems ............................................................................................... 3
Figure 1-2 Engine-control system ...................................................................................................................................... 11
Figure 1-3 Engine-control unit ........................................................................................................................................... 12
Figure 1-4 High-voltage power supply ............................................................................................................................... 15
Figure 1-6 Fuser control ..................................................................................................................................................... 20
Figure 1-7 Fuser control block diagram ............................................................................................................................. 21
Figure 1-8 Laser/scanner system ....................................................................................................................................... 23
Figure 1-9 Image-formation system block diagram .......................................................................................................... 25
Figure 1-10 Image-formation drive system ....................................................................................................................... 27
Figure 1-11 Image-formation switch and sensor system ................................................................................................. 28
Figure 1-12 Image-formation process ............................................................................................................................... 29
Figure 1-15 Development ................................................................................................................................................... 31
Figure 1-16 Primary transfer .............................................................................................................................................. 32
Figure 1-17 Secondary transfer ......................................................................................................................................... 32
Figure 1-22 ITB unit ............................................................................................................................................................ 38
Figure 1-23 Engine pickup, feed, and delivery system ...................................................................................................... 41
Figure 1-24 Photo sensors and switches ........................................................................................................................... 42
Figure 1-25 Motors, clutches, and solenoids ..................................................................................................................... 43
Figure 1-26 Jam detection sensors .................................................................................................................................... 47
Figure 1-27 550-sheet paper feeder .................................................................................................................................. 48
Figure 1-28 Tray 3 paper feeder controller ........................................................................................................................ 49
Figure 1-29 Paper pickup and feed operation (550-sheet paper feeder) ......................................................................... 50
Figure 1-30 Jam detection sensors (Tray 3) ....................................................................................................................... 51
Figure 2-1 Engine test page ................................................................................................................................................ 66
Figure 2-2 Engine test page ................................................................................................................................................ 67
ENWWxix
Figure 2-3 Engine test page ................................................................................................................................................ 69
Figure 2-4 Engine test page ................................................................................................................................................ 72
Figure 2-5 Sensors and switches (printer base) ................................................................................................................. 73
Figure 2-6 Sensors and switches (550-sheet paper feeder) ............................................................................................. 74
Figure 2-15 Rollers and power switch (printer base) ......................................................................................................... 84
Figure 2-17 Major components (550-sheet paper feeder) ................................................................................................ 86
Figure 2-18 PCA (550-sheet paper feeder) ........................................................................................................................ 86
Figure 2-19 Motors and rollers (550-sheet paper feeder) ................................................................................................. 87
Figure 2-20 General timing chart ....................................................................................................................................... 88
Figure 2-21 General circuit diagram (printer base) ............................................................................................................ 89
Figure 2-23 Examples of repetitive defects ..................................................................................................................... 157
Figure 2-24 Place the ruler on the page ........................................................................................................................... 158
Figure 2-25 Locate the next repetitive defect ................................................................................................................. 158
Figure 2-26 Determine the defective assembly ............................................................................................................... 159
Figure A-1 Certicate of volatility M452 (1 of 2) .............................................................................................................. 218
Figure A-2 Certicate of volatility M452 (2 of 2) .............................................................................................................. 219
Figure A-3 Certicate of volatility M477 (1 of 2) .............................................................................................................. 220
Figure A-4 Certicate of volatility M477 (2 of 2) .............................................................................................................. 221
xxENWW
1Theory of operation
●
For additional service and support
●
Basic operation
●
Formatter-control system
●
Engine-control system
●
Engine laser/scanner system
●
Engine pickup, feed, and delivery system
●
Input accessories
●
Scanning and image capture system
●
Document feeder system
●
Fax functions and operation (fax models only)
ENWW1
For additional service and support
HP service personnel, go to the Service Access Work Bench (SAW) at http://h41302.www4.hp.com/km/saw/
home.do.
Channel partners, go to HP Channel Services Network (CSN) at https://h30125.www3.hp.com/hpcsn.
●
To access HP PartSurfer information from any mobile device, go to http://partsurfermobile.hp.com/ or
scan the Quick Response (QR) code below.
●
Install and congure
●
Printer specications
●
Up-to-date control panel message (CPMD) troubleshooting
●
Solutions for printer issues and emerging issues
●
Remove and replace part instructions and videos
●
Service advisories
●
Warranty and regulatory information
2Chapter 1 Theory of operationENWW
Basic operation
Laser scanner system
Image-formation system
Pickup, feed and delivery system
Accessory
Scanner system (M477 models)
Formatter
Engine-control system
DC controller
Low-voltage power supply
High-voltage power supply
Fuser control
Engine-control unit
The printer routes all high-level processes through the formatter, which stores font information, processes
the print image, and communicates with the host computer.
The basic printer operation comprises the following systems:
●
Engine control system
●
Laser scanner system
●
Image-formation system
●
Pickup, feed, and delivery system
●
Accessory (optional paper feeder)
●
Integrated scanner system (M477 models only)
Figure 1-1 Relationship between the main printer systems
ENWWBasic operation3
Sequence of operation
The DC controller PCA controls the operating sequence, as described in the following table.
Table 1-1 Sequence of operation
PeriodDurationDescription
WaitingFrom the time the power is turned on, the door is
closed, or when the printer exits sleep mode until the
printer is ready for printing.
StandbyFrom the end of the waiting sequence, the last
rotation until the formatter receives a print command,
or until the printer is turned o.
Initial rotationFrom the time the formatter receives a print command
until the paper enters the paper path.
●
Heats the fuser roller in the fuser
●
Pressurizes the fuser lm
●
Detects the toner cartridges
●
Separates all of the developing rollers from the
photosensitive drums in the toner cartridges
●
Rotates and stops each motor
●
Cleans the intermediate transfer belt (ITB) and
secondary transfer roller
●
Detects cable breakage on the thermistor
●
Rotates and stops each fan
●
Detects any residual paper in the engine
●
Is in the Ready state
●
Enters Sleep mode if the formatter sends the
sleep command
●
The printer calibrates if it is time for an
automatic calibration
●
Rotates each motor
●
Rotates each fan
●
Activates the high-voltage power supply
●
Prepares the laser/scanner unit
●
Warms the fuser to the correct temperature
4Chapter 1 Theory of operationENWW
Table 1-1 Sequence of operation (continued)
PeriodDurationDescription
PrintingFrom the time the rst sheet of paper enters the paper
path until the last sheet has passed through the fuser.
Last rotationFrom the time the last sheet of paper exits the fuser
until the motors stop rotating.
●
Forms the image on the photosensitive drums
●
Transfers the toner to the paper
●
Fuses the toner image onto the paper
●
Moves the last printed sheet into the output bin
●
Stops each motor
●
Stops the high-voltage power supply
●
Stops the laser/scanner unit
●
Turns the fuser heater o
●
Cleans the ITB and secondary transfer roller
●
If another print command is received, the printer
enters the initial rotation period when the last
rotation is complete.
ENWWBasic operation5
Formatter-control system
The formatter performs the following functions:
●
Controlling the sleep delay function
●
Receiving and processing print data from the various printer inputs
●
Monitoring control-panel functions and relaying printer status information (through the control panel
and the bidirectional input/output)
●
Developing and coordinating data placement and timing with the DC controller PCA
●
Stores font information
●
Communicates with the host computer through the network or the bidirectional interface
The formatter receives a print job from the network or bidirectional interface and separates it into image
information and instructions that control the printing process. The DC controller PCA synchronizes the image
formation system with the paper input and output systems, and then signals the formatter to send the print
image data.
Sleep delay
When the printer is in sleep delay mode, the control-panel backlight is turned o, but the printer retains all
printer settings, downloaded fonts, and macros. The default setting is a 15-minute idle time. The setting can
be changed or turned o from the control panel menus.
The printer exits sleep delay mode and enters the warm-up cycle when any of the following occurs.
●
A print job, valid data, or a PML or PJL command is received at the serial port.
●
The control panel is touched (button press or touchscreen touch depending on model).
●
A document is loaded in the document feeder or the scanner lid is opened (M477 only).
●
A tray is opened.
TIP:Error messages override the sleep delay message. The printer enters sleep mode at the appropriate
time, but the error message continues to appear.
Auto On / Auto O mode
2-line control panels
1.On the product control panel, press the OK button.
2.Open the following menus:
●
System Setup
●
Energy Settings
●
Sleep/Auto O After
3.Use the arrow keys to select the time for the Sleep/Auto O delay, and then press the OK button.
6Chapter 1 Theory of operationENWW
Touchscreen control panels
1.From the Home screen on the product control panel, touch the Setup button.
2.Open the following menus:
●
System Setup
●
Energy Settings
●
Sleep/Auto O After
3.Select the time for the Sleep/Auto O delay.
Printer job language (PJL)
PJL is an integral part of printer conguration, in addition to the standard PCL and PostScript (PS). With
standard cabling, the printer can use PJL to perform a variety of functions.
●
Dynamic I/O switching: The printer can be congured with a host on each I/O by using dynamic I/O
switching. Even when the printer is oine, it can receive data from more than one I/O simultaneously,
until the I/O buer is full.
●
Context-sensitive switching: The printer can automatically recognize the personality (PS or PCL) of
each job and congure itself to serve that personality.
●
Isolation of print environment settings from one print job to the next: For example, if a print job is
sent to the printer in landscape mode, the subsequent print jobs print in landscape only if they are
formatted for landscape printing.
Printer management language (PML)
PML allows remote conguration of the printer and status monitoring through the input/output (I/O) ports.
Control panel
The formatter sends and receives printer status and command data to and from the control panel.
ENWWFormatter-control system7
Walk-up USB
NOTE:Touchscreen models only.
This printer features printing from a USB ash drive. This printer supports printing the following types of les
from the USB ash drive.
●
.pdf
●
.jpg
●
.prn and .PRN
●
.cht and .CHT
●
.pxl
●
.pcl and .PCL
●
ps and .PS
●
doc and .docx
●
.ppt and .pptx
When a USB ash drive is inserted into the front of the printer, the control panel will display the USB Flash
Drive menu. The les present on the USB ash drive can be accessed from the control panel.
Any les in a supported format on the USB ash drive can be printed directly from the printer control panel.
Pages also can be scanned and saved to the USB ash drive from the control panel.
Wireless
NOTE:Wireless models only.
Wireless products contain a wireless card to enable 802.11b/g/n wireless communication.
Low end data model (LEDM) overview
The low-end data model (LEDM) provides one consistent data representation method and denes the
dynamic and capabilities tickets shared between clients and devices, as well as the access protocol, event,
security, and discovery methods.
Advanced control language (ACL) overview
The advanced control language (ACL) is a language that supports printer control and rmware downloads in
printers that support both PJL/PCL and host-based printing. Each sequence of ACL commands must be
preceded by a unied exit command (UEL) and an @PJL ENTER LANGUAGE=ACL command. The ACL sequence
is always followed by a UEL. Any number of commands can be placed between the UELs. The only exception to
these rules is the download command. If a rmware download is done, the download command must be the
last command in the sequence. It will not be followed by a UEL.
The rmware searches for the UEL sequence when parsing commands. However, while downloading binary
data such as host-based code or NVRAM data the rmware suspends UEL parsing. To handle hosts that
8Chapter 1 Theory of operationENWW
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