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omissions contained herein.
Edition 1, 9/2015
Microsoft®, Windows®, Windows® XP, and
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of Microsoft Corporation.
Conventions used in this guide
TIP:Helpful hints or shortcuts.
Reinstallation tip:Reinstallation helpful hints, shortcuts, or considerations.
NOTE:Information that explains a concept or how to complete a task.
IMPORTANT:Information that help the user to avoid potential printer error conditions.
CAUTION:Procedures that the user must follow to avoid losing data or damaging the printer.
WARNING!Procedures that the user must follow to avoid personal injury, catastrophic loss of data, or
extensive damage to the printer.
ENWWiii
iv Conventions used in this guideENWW
For additional service and support information
HP service personnel, go to the Service Access Work Bench (SAW) at http://h41302.www4.hp.com/km/saw/
home.do.
Channel partners, go to HP Channel Services Network (CNS) at https://h30125.www3.hp.com/hpcsn.
At these locations, nd information on the following topics:
●
Install and congure
●
Printer specications
●
Up-to-date control panel message (CPMD) troubleshooting
●
Solutions for printer issues and emerging issues
●
Remove and replace part instructions and videos
●
Service advisories
●
Warranty and regulatory information
To access HP PartSurfer information from any mobile device, go to http://partsurfermobile.hp.com/ or scan
the Quick Response (QR) code below.
ENWWv
vi For additional service and support informationENWW
Table of contents
1 Theory of operation ....................................................................................................................................... 1
Related documentation and software ................................................................................................................... 2
Sequence of operation ........................................................................................................................ 4
Engine-control system .......................................................................................................................................... 5
DC controller ........................................................................................................................................ 6
Motor control ..................................................................................................................... 8
Fan control ........................................................................................................................ 8
Low-voltage power supply .................................................................................................................. 9
Engine laser/scanner system .............................................................................................................................. 16
Toner level and cartridge life detection .......................................................................... 27
Pickup, feed, and delivery system ....................................................................................................................... 27
Sensors and switches ........................................................................................................................ 29
Motors, clutches, and solenoids ........................................................................................................ 31
Jam detection/prevention ................................................................................................................. 31
Paper feeder (optional Tray 3) ............................................................................................................................. 35
For additional service and support ..................................................................................................................... 40
Print the menu map ........................................................................................................ 42
Print a conguration page .............................................................................................. 42
Print the service page (includes the event log) .............................................................. 43
Print the demo page ....................................................................................................... 43
Troubleshooting process ..................................................................................................................................... 44
Determine the problem source ......................................................................................................... 44
Control panel checks ......................................................................................................................... 47
Tools for troubleshooting .................................................................................................................................... 49
Clear paper jams ................................................................................................................................................ 101
Clear paper jams (M402, M403) ...................................................................................................... 101
Clean the printer ................................................................................................................................................ 150
Clean the pickup and separation rollers ......................................................................................... 150
Clean the paper path ....................................................................................................................... 150
Clean the paper path (LCD control panel) ..................................................................... 150
xENWW
Clean the paper path (touchscreen control panel) ....................................................... 150
Clean the touchscreen ..................................................................................................................... 150
Cannot connect more computers to the wireless product ........................................... 158
The wireless product loses communication when connected to a VPN ...................... 159
The network does not appear in the wireless networks list ........................................ 159
The wireless network is not functioning ...................................................................... 159
Service mode functions ..................................................................................................................................... 160
Service menu ................................................................................................................................... 160
Service menu settings .................................................................................................. 160
Restore the factory-set defaults .................................................................................. 160
Restore the factory-set defaults (LCD control panel) ................................ 160
Restore the factory-set defaults (touchscreen control panel) .................. 161
Secondary service menu ................................................................................................................. 161
Open the secondary service menu ............................................................................... 161
Open the secondary service menu (LCD control panel) ............................. 161
Open the secondary service menu (touchscreen control panel) ............... 161
Secondary service menu structure ............................................................................... 162
ENWWxi
Developer's menu ............................................................................................................................ 162
Open the Developer's menu (LCD control panel) ......................................................... 162
Open the Developer's menu (touchscreen control panel) ........................................... 163
Cannot connect to the email server ................................................................................................ 169
Validate the SMTP gateway (Windows) .......................................................................................... 169
Validate the LDAP gateway (Windows) ........................................................................................... 169
Manually update the rmware .......................................................................................................................... 170
Manually update the rmware (LCD control panel) ........................................................................ 170
Manually update the rmware (touchscreen control panel) .......................................................... 170
Appendix A Printer specications .................................................................................................................. 171
Printer dimensions M426 and M427 ................................................................................................................. 172
Printer dimensions M402 and M403 ................................................................................................................. 174
Printer space requirements ............................................................................................................................... 176
Power consumption, electrical specications, and acoustic emissions ........................................................... 176
Operating-environment range .......................................................................................................................... 176
Certicate of Volatility ....................................................................................................................................... 177
Index ........................................................................................................................................................... 181
xiiENWW
List of tables
Table 1-1 Sequence of operation .......................................................................................................................................... 4
Table 1-4 List of DC voltages ................................................................................................................................................ 9
Table 1-5 Low-voltage power supply functions ................................................................................................................. 10
Table 1-6 High-voltage power supply circuits .................................................................................................................... 12
Table 1-12 Pickup, feed, and delivery system functions ................................................................................................... 28
Table 1-13 Photo sensors and switches ............................................................................................................................. 30
Table 1-14 Motors, solenoids, and clutches ....................................................................................................................... 31
Table 1-15 Jams that the printer detects ........................................................................................................................... 32
Table 1-16 Electrical component list, paper feeder ........................................................................................................... 36
Table 1-17 Motors, paper feeder ........................................................................................................................................ 36
Table 1-18 Electrical components, pickup and feed .......................................................................................................... 37
Table 1-19 Other functions, paper feeder .......................................................................................................................... 37
Table 2-1 DC controller connectors .................................................................................................................................... 53
Table 2-2 Paper feeder controller PCA connectors ............................................................................................................ 54
Table 2-3 M402, M403 external plugs and ports ............................................................................................................... 54
Table 2-4 M426, M427 external plugs and ports ............................................................................................................... 55
Table 2-5 Major components (printer base) ....................................................................................................................... 56
Table 2-6 Motor and fan (printer base) .............................................................................................................................. 57
Table 2-7 Rollers and pads (printer base) .......................................................................................................................... 58
Table 2-8 Main PCAs (printer base) ..................................................................................................................................... 59
Table 2-13 Secondary Service menu ................................................................................................................................ 162
Figure 1-1 Relationship between the main printer systems ............................................................................................... 3
Figure 1-2 Engine-control system ........................................................................................................................................ 5
Figure 1-3 DC controller block diagram ................................................................................................................................ 6
Figure 1-15 Development ................................................................................................................................................... 22
Figure 1-16 Primary transfer .............................................................................................................................................. 23
Figure 1-20 Toner cartridge system ................................................................................................................................... 26
Figure 1-21 Pickup, feed, and delivery system .................................................................................................................. 28
Figure 1-22 Sensors and switches for the pickup, feed, and delivery system .................................................................. 29
Figure 1-23 Motors, solenoids, and clutches ..................................................................................................................... 31
Figure 1-24 Jam detection sensors .................................................................................................................................... 32
Figure 1-25 Optional Tray 3 paper path ............................................................................................................................. 35
Figure 1-26 Paper feeder controller ................................................................................................................................... 36
Figure 1-27 Electrical components, pickup and feed ......................................................................................................... 37
Figure 2-1 Cross-sectional view of printer ......................................................................................................................... 51
Figure 2-2 Cross-sectional view of 500–sheet paper feeder ............................................................................................ 52
Figure 2-3 DC controller PCA connectors ........................................................................................................................... 53
Figure 2-4 Paper feeder controller PCA connectors ........................................................................................................... 54
Figure 2-6 M426, M427 external plug and port locations ................................................................................................. 55
Figure 2-7 Major components (printer base) ..................................................................................................................... 56
Figure 2-8 Motor and fan .................................................................................................................................................... 57
Figure 2-9 Rollers and pads (printer base) ......................................................................................................................... 58
Figure 2-10 Main PCAs (printer base) ................................................................................................................................. 59
Figure 2-11 General timing chart ....................................................................................................................................... 60
Figure 2-12 General circuit diagram (printer base) ............................................................................................................ 61
Figure 2-13 Examples of repetitive defects ....................................................................................................................... 67
Figure 2-14 Place the ruler on the page ............................................................................................................................. 68
Figure 2-15 Locate the next repetitive defect ................................................................................................................... 68
Figure 2-16 Determine the defective assembly ................................................................................................................. 69
Figure A-1 Dimensions for the M426 and M427 models ................................................................................................. 172
Figure A-2 Dimensions for the optional 550-sheet tray .................................................................................................. 172
Figure A-3 Dimensions for the printer with the optional 550-sheet tray ....................................................................... 173
Figure A-4 Dimensions for the M402 and M403 models ................................................................................................. 174
Figure A-5 Dimensions for the optional 550-sheet tray .................................................................................................. 174
Figure A-6 Dimensions for the printer with the optional 550-sheet tray ....................................................................... 175
Figure A-7 Certicate of Volatility M402/M403 (1 of 2) ................................................................................................... 177
Figure A-8 Certicate of Volatility M402/M403 (2 of 2) ................................................................................................... 178
Figure A-9 Certicate of Volatility M426/M427 (1 of 2) ................................................................................................... 179
Figure A-10 Certicate of Volatility M426/M427 (2 of 2) ................................................................................................ 180
xviENWW
1Theory of operation
●
Related documentation and software
●
Basic operation
●
Engine-control system
●
Engine laser/scanner system
●
Pickup, feed, and delivery system
●
Paper feeder (optional Tray 3)
ENWW1
Related documentation and software
HP service personnel, go to the Service Access Work Bench (SAW) at http://h41302.www4.hp.com/km/saw/
home.do.
Channel partners, go to HP Channel Services Network (CSN) at https://h30125.www3.hp.com/hpcsn.
2Chapter 1 Theory of operationENWW
Basic operation
Engine-control system
Laser scanner system
Image-formation system
Pickup, feed, and delivery system
Accessory
Engine-control system
Laser scanner system
Image-formation system
Pickup, feed, and delivery system
Accessor
y
The printer routes all high-level processes through the formatter, which stores font information, processes
the print image, and communicates with the host computer.
The basic printer operation comprises the following systems:
●
Engine-control system
●
Laser/scanner system
●
Image-formation system
●
Pickup, feed, and delivery system
●
Accessory (optional paper feeder)
Figure 1-1 Relationship between the main printer systems
ENWWBasic operation3
Sequence of operation
The DC controller PCA controls the operating sequence, as described in the following table.
Table 1-1 Sequence of operation
PeriodDurationDescription
WaitingFrom the time the power is turned on, the door is
closed, or when the printer exits Sleep mode until the
printer is ready for printing.
StandbyFrom the end of the waiting sequence or the last
rotation until the formatter receives a print command,
or until the printer is turned o.
Initial rotationFrom the time the formatter receives a print command
until the paper enters the paper path.
PrintingFrom the time the rst sheet of paper enters the paper
path until the last sheet passes through the fuser.
●
Heats the fuser lm in the fuser
●
Detects the toner cartridge
●
Rotates and stops each motor
●
Rotates and stops each fan
●
Cleans the transfer roller
●
Is in the Ready state
●
Enters Sleep mode if the formatter sends the
sleep command
●
Rotates and stops each fan
●
Rotates each motor
●
Rotates each fan
●
Activates the high-voltage power supply (highvoltage bias)
●
Prepares the laser/scanner unit
●
Warms the fuser to the correct temperature
●
Forms the image on the photosensitive drums
●
Transfers the toner to the paper
Last rotationFrom the time the last sheet of paper exits the fuser
until the motors stop rotating.
●
Fuses the toner image onto the paper
●
Stops each motor
●
Stops each fan
●
Stops the high-voltage power supply (highvoltage bias)
●
Stops the laser/scanner unit
●
Turns the fuser heater o
●
If another print command is received, the printer
enters the initial rotation period when the last
rotation is complete.
4Chapter 1 Theory of operationENWW
Engine-control system
Formatter
Engine-control system
DC controller
Low-voltage power supply
Laser scanner system
Image-formation system
Pickup, feed, and delivery
system
Accessory
High-voltage power supplies
Fuser power supply
Formatter
Engine-control system
DC controller
Low-voltage power suppl
y
Laser scanner system
Image-formation system
Pickup, feed, and delivery
sy
stem
Accessor
y
igh-voltage power supplies
Fuser power suppl
y
The engine-control system receives commands from the formatter and interacts with the other main systems
to coordinate all printer functions. The engine-control system consists of the following components:
●
DC controller
●
Low-voltage power supply
●
High-voltage power supplies
●
Fuser power supply
Figure 1-2 Engine-control system
ENWWEngine-control system5
DC controller
Transfer roller
High-voltage
power supply
Fan
Cartridge
LED
Motor
Clutch
Solenoid
Switch
Photointerrupter
Formatter
Control panel
Accessory
Laser scanner ass’y
Fuser
AC input
Low-voltage
power supply
DC controller
Switch
Sensor
The DC controller controls the operation of the printer and its components. The DC controller starts the
printer operation when the printer power is turned on and the power supply sends DC voltage to the DC
controller. After the printer enters the standby period, the DC controller sends out various signals to operate
motors, solenoids, and other printer components based on the print command and image data that the host
computer sends.
Figure 1-3 DC controller block diagram
Component typeAbbreviationDescription
MotorM1Fuse motor
M3Scanner motor
FanFm1Main fan
6Chapter 1 Theory of operationENWW
Component typeAbbreviationDescription
SolenoidSL1Cassette pickup solenoid
SL2MP tray pickup solenoid
SL3Duplex switchback solenoid
ClutchCL1Duplex re-pickup clutch
SwitchSW1Power switch
SW101Cartridge door switch
PhotointerrupterPS1aMedia width sensor
PS2bDuplex feed sensor
PS1Cassette media out sensor
PS2Top sensor
PS3MP tray media out sensor
PS4Output bin media-full sensor
PS13Fuser output sensor
SensorTH1Environment sensor
LEDLED1Power supply LED
1
Duplex models only.
ENWWEngine-control system7
Motor control
The printer has two motors. The motors drive the components in the paper-feed and image-formation
systems.
The DC controller monitors the fuser motor and the scanner motor to determine if a motor has failed. It
noties the formatter when it encounters the following conditions:
●
●
Table 1-2 Motors
AbbreviationNamePurposeFailure detection
Startup failure: the motor does not reach a specied speed within a specied time from when the motor
starts.
Rotational failure: the rotational speed of the motor is not in the specied range for a specied time
after the motor reaches a specied speed.
Fan control
The printer has one fan for preventing the temperature from rising in the printer and for cooling the printed
pages.
The DC controller determines if there is a fan failure and noties the formatter if the fan locks for a specied
time from when the fan starts.
Table
M1Fuser motorDrives the pressure roller and delivery roller;
the pressurization and release of the pressure
roller; and the engagement and
disengagement of the primary and secondary
transfer rollers
M3Scanner motorDrives the scanner mirrorYes
1-3 Fans
AbbreviationNameCooling areaTypeSpeed
FM1Main fanInside of printerIntakeFull
Yes
8Chapter 1 Theory of operationENWW
Low-voltage power supply
AC input
+24VA
FET
FET
+24VB
+24VC
+24VD
+24VBSNS
+24VA
FET
PWRSW
+3.3VA
FET
+3.3VC
+3.3VB
+3.3VA
+24VA
Low-voltage power supply
Rectifying
circuit
Protection
circuit
+24V
generation
circuit
Fuse
FU101
Fuse
FU102
+3.3V
generation
circuit
Fuser
Power switch
SW1
DC controller
High-voltage power supply
Interlock switch
SW101
Fuser control
circuit
FREQSNS_LVT
Frequency
detection circuit
The low-voltage power-supply (LVPS) circuit converts the AC power from the wall receptacle into the DC
voltage that the printer components use.
Figure 1-4 Low-voltage power-supply circuit
Table 1-4 List of DC voltages
DC power supplyDescription
+24V+24VAConstantly supplied
Becomes 4.5V during active OFF or inactive OFF
ENWWEngine-control system9
Table 1-4 List of DC voltages (continued)
DC power supplyDescription
+3.3V+3.3VAConstantly supplied
Over-current/over-voltage protection
The low-voltage power supply has a protective function against overcurrent and overvoltage conditions to
prevent failures in the power supply circuit. If an overcurrent or overvoltage event occurs, the system
automatically cuts o the output voltage.
+24VBStopped when cartridge door is opened. (SW101)
Stopped during active OFF or inactive OFF
+24VCStopped when cartridge door is opened. (SW101)
Stopped during active OFF or inactive OFF
+24VDConstantly supplied
Stopped during active OFF or inactive OFF
+3.3VBConstantly supplied
Stopped during active OFF or inactive OFF
+3.3VCConstantly supplied
Stopped during inactive OFF
If the DC power is not being supplied from the low-voltage power supply, the protective function might have
activated. In this case, turn o the power switch, and then unplug the power cord. Do not plug in the power
cord or turn the power switch on again until the root cause is found.
In addition, two fuses in the low-voltage power supply protect against an overcurrent event. If an overcurrent
event occurs in the AC line, the fuse blows and cuts o the power distribution.
Safety
For personal safety, the printer interrupts +24VB and +24VC power when the cartridge door detection switch
is turned o. This stops DC power supply to the high-voltage power supply (HVPS).
The remote switch control circuit turns on or o the printer power so that the AC power ows even the power
switch is turned o. Unplug the printer power cord before disassembling the printer.
Low-voltage power supply functions
The printer has the following low-voltage power supply functions.
1-5 Low-voltage power supply functions
Table
Failure detective functionApplied
Sleep modeNA
Power supply voltage detectionNA
Automatic power OFFNA
Automatic power ON/OFFNA
10Chapter 1 Theory of operationENWW
Table 1-5 Low-voltage power supply functions (continued)
Failure detective functionApplied
Active OFFYes
Inactive OFFYes
Network modeNA
Power switch illuminationYes
Low-voltage power supply failure detectionYes
Power save modeNA
High-voltage power supply
The DC controller controls the high-voltage power supply (HVPS) to generate biases. The high-voltage power
supply delivers the high-voltage biases to the following components used to transfer toner during the imageformation process:
●
Primary charging roller (in the toner cartridge)
●
Developing roller (in the toner cartridge)
●
Transfer roller
●
Pressure roller
ENWWEngine-control system11
High-voltage power supply circuits
PRI
DEV
TR
DC controller
High-voltage power supply
To primary charge roller
To developing roller
Cartridge
Photosensitive drum
Transfer roller
Primary
charging bias
circuit
Developing
bias circuit
Transfer bias
circuit
The high-voltage power supply contains the following separate circuits.
Figure 1-5 High-voltage power supply circuits
Fuser bias
Fuser control
Table 1-6 High-voltage power supply circuits
CircuitDescription
Primary-charging-bias generationThe primary charging bias negatively charges the surface of the photosensitive drum to
prepare for image formation.
Developing-bias generationThe developing bias adheres toner to an electrostatic latent image formed on the
photosensitive drums.
Transfer-bias generationThe primary transfer bias transfers the toner from each photosensitive drum onto the
page.
The printer uses on-demand fusing. The fuser bias is DC positive for improved print quality. The fuser bias
circuit is located in the high-voltage power supply, HVPS (T).
The DC controller and components in the fuser perform the following functions related to fuser operation:
●
Control fuser temperature
●
Detect fuser failures
●
Prevent excessive temperature rise
12Chapter 1 Theory of operationENWW
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