HP AdvanceStack Router 230, AdvanceStack Router 240, AdvanceStack Router 245, AdvanceStack Router 430, AdvanceStack Router 440 User Manual

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User’s Guide

Commands and Procedures

HP AdvanceStack Routers

Hewlett-Packard Series 200, 400, and 600 Routers

User’ s Guide

This document contains proprietary information, which is protected by copyright. No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced, or translated into another language without the prior written consent of HewlettPackard.

Publication Number 5962-8304 E0794

Edition 1, July 1994 Printed in Singapore

Product Numbers and Software Version

This guide provides information for Hewlett-Packard routers running software with the following version numbers:

A.08 series B.08 series C.08 series

Earlier and later software versions may operate differently than described in this manual.

Warranty

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice

HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO THIS MATERIAL, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

Hewlett-Packard assumes no responsibility for the use or reliability of its software on equipment that is not furnished by Hewlett-Packard.

Hewlett-Packard 8000 Foothills Boulevard Roseville, California 95747-6588 916-786-8000

Commands and Procedures Guide

Preface

Why and When To Use This Guide

This guide describes how to use the Hewlett-Packard router commands and features to configure, monitor, and manage local and remote HP routers through the console interface and through SmartBoot.

Use this guide when you need help with the operations that begin after the router hardware has been installed and verified according to the instructions in the installat ion guide.

Coverage Note This manual addresses the entire range of commands and other soft-

ware features found in Hewlett-Packard routers, including features that are not found on all router models. Thus, for some routers, such as the HP Router PR (J2540), certain features described in this manual are not available in the router. For information on the features available in your router, refer to the release notes you received with the router or most recent software upgrade.

Preface

Audience

This guide is intended for network managers and other technicians who install and manage routers.

Note The network design and network map should be completed before using

this guide.

Commands and Procedures Guide

Preface

Organization

Chapter 1, ‘‘Overview of Initializing and Verifying Router Software’’, defines ‘‘initializing and verifying’’ a router, and introduces

you to the router console interface and the tools it offers for managing a router.

Chapter 2, ‘‘How To Use the Main Menu’’, describes how to access and operate the main menu.

Chapter 3, ‘‘How To Use Quick Configuration To Create or Change a Minimal Configuration’’, describes how to use this

time-saving utility to quickly create a functional configuration.

Chapter 4, ‘‘How To Use the Configuration Editor To Create or Change a Configuration’’, describes the tool to use for creating the

extensive configurations needed for many router applications.

Chapter 5, ‘‘How To Use the Event Log To Analyze Router Operation’’ describes how to access and interpret Event Log messages.

Chapter 6, ‘‘How To Use the Statistics Screens To Analyze Router Operation’’ describes how to use the router statistics features.

Chapter 7, ‘‘How To Use the Network Control Language (NCL) Commands To Manage a Router’’, describes how to use the Network

Control Language Interpreter (NCL) and the various NCL commands. This chapter includes the use of Telnet to manage or reconfigure a remote router.

Chapter 8, ‘‘How To Use Quick Remote To Configure a Remote Router’’, describes how to automatically configuring a remote router

from a central site via a WAN link. Appendix A: ‘‘Parameter Locator’’, is an aide to locating individual

parameters in the Configuration Editor structure.

Subject Index

Other HP Router Manuals

For a current listing of manuals designed for use with your Hewlett-Packard router, refer to the Hewlett-Packard Router Products Release Notes shipped with your router or most recent software update.

Contents

1. Overview of Initializing and Verifying Router Software

Initializing the Router Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

Verifying the Router Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

Overview of the Console Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

Overview of Methods for Creating or Modifying a Configuration . . 1-8

Configuration Tools in the Main Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9

Interaction Between the Configuration Tools . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9

Network Management Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10

2. How To Use the Main Menu

Introducing the Main Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

How To Access the Main Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Selecting an Option in the Main Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

Getting Help in the Main Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

3. How To Use Quick Configuration To Create or Change a Minimal Configuration

Introducing Quick Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

How To Create a Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

How To Use the ‘‘Hotkeys’’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

The Numeric Hotkeys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13

The Alphabetical Hotkeys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14

How To Configure for X.25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17

Operating Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27

Parameter List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27

Data Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28

Saving vs. Saving and Rebooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28

When To Use the Configuration Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-29

Troubleshooting a Quick Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-30

The HP Router 650: How To Update the Interface Module

Configuration After Removing or Replacing a Module . . . . . . 3-31

4. How To Use the Configuration Editor To Create or Change a Configuration

Introducing the Configuration Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

The Configuration Editor Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

How To Enter the Configuration Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

How To Exit From the Configuration Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

How To Operate the Configuration Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8

Configuration Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9

Moving From One Screen to Another . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

Entering or Changing Parameter Values in Configuration Screens 4-14

5. How To Use the Event Log To Analyze Router Operation

Introducing the Event Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

Entering and Navigating in the Event Log Display . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

6. How To Use the Statistics Screens To Analyze Router Operation

Introducing the Statistics Screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

How To Access the Statistics Screen Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4

How To Manage the Statistics Screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6

7. How To Use the Network Control Language (NCL) Commands To Manage a Router

Introducing NCL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2

How To Start NCL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

How To Execute an NCL Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5

More: Continuing the Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6

General NCL Command Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7

How To Use Telnet To Establish a Virtual Terminal Connection to

a Remote Node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10

Prerequisites for Telnet Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10

How To Enable Telnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-11

How To Use Telnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-11

Accessing the Management Information Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13

Slot Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13

Managed Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14

Example of a Pathname to a Mib Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-16

How To Use the List Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17

How To Use the Get Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20

Contents

How To Use the Reset Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21

Accessing the Internet Management Information Base . . . . . . . . 7-22

Accessing a Remote Management Information Base . . . . . . . . . 7-23

Accessing a Foreign Management Information Base . . . . . . . . . 7-24

Accessing Bridging and Routing Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-25

Managing the Open Shortest Path First Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . 7-27

Blocking and Unblocking Spanning T ree Explorer Frames . . . . . 7-28

Controlling IP-Mapped Circuits for V . 25 bis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-29

Using TFTP To Transfer Operating Code, Configuration, and NCL

Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-30

Using PC Modem Access to Transfer Configuration and NCL Display 7-32

How To Use Zput To Store the Configuration or NCL Command

Output to a PC Host File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-33

How To Use Zget To Load the Configuration to a Router . . . . . 7-36

8. How To Use Quick Remote To Configure A Remote Router

Introducing Quick Remote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2

What Can Quick Remote Configure? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3

Other Quick Remote Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3

Set-Up Requirements for Quick Remote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4

Quick Remote Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5

The Basic Steps to Setting Up Quick Remote . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6

The Quick Remote Screen: Features and Control . . . . . . . . . 8-7

How To Exit From Quick Remote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8

How To Create and Save a Quick Remote Configuration . . . . . . . 8-9

How to Delete a Quick Remote Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13

Operating Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14

A. Notes On Configuring From a Bootp Server

Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3

Preparation Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-5

Index

Overview of Initializing and V erifying Router Software

Overview of Initializing and Verifying Router Software

Note This chapter provides an overview of getting started with a router. For

actual operating instructions, refer to chapters 2 through 8.

After a router has been installed and the hardware verified as described in the installation guide, you are ready to use the console to initialize and verify the router’s software operation. This chapter provides an overview of these topics as well as an introduction to the console interface and the software tools for creating or modifying a configuration.

If you are new to Hewlett-Packard routers, this chapter can help you to become more familiar with the functions of the console interface before you actually begin to use it. If you are already familiar with HP

routers, you may want to bypass this chapter and use the following chapters in this guide as needed for reference.

Note In the case of a router that is automatically configured and subsequently

managed via Telnet from another location (such as configuration via Quick Remote from another Hewlett-Packard router), local operator intervention is usually unnecessary. In such cases, it may be unnecessary for a local operator to use the features described in this manual.

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Overview of Initializing and Verifying Router Software

Initializing the Router Software

When the router is installed with (or reset to) the factory default, it boots and begins operation with all networking ports configured for bridging. At this point you are ready to use the console interface to initialize the router. The following is an overview of the initializing process:

1. Configure for routing.

2. Boot the router.

3. Set the date and time (optional).

4. Set passwords (optional, but recommended for system access

security).

Configure for Routing

Configuring specifies the parameter values needed to conform router operation to the needs of your network. You can use Quick Configuration to create a minimal configuration or you can use the Configuration Editor to create a more extensive configuration.

Boot the Router

After you specify a configuration, you must implement it by ‘‘bootin g’’ the router. Booting replaces the former configuration parameters with the ones you have most recently saved, and restarts the router. Booting is a simple process that can be done either when you exit from the Quick Configuration screen or by executing the Boot command in the Network Command Language Interpreter (NCL).

Set the Date and Time

In the factory default configuration, the router starts its clock and calendar from a default setting. Setting the date and time ensures an accurate date and time display in the console screen and accurate dates and times in Event Log messages.

Overview

1-3

Overview of Initializing and Verifying Router Software

Initializing the Router Software

Set Passwords

When your router is operating without pa sswords, anyone who has access to your router through either the directly connected console or Telnet can freely act as the router operator or manager. To discourage unauthorized access, it is recommended that you set two levels of passwords:

Manager password: Allows access to router management functions such as timesetting, changing the configuration, and rebooting.

User password: Allows monitoring only of statistics, the event log, MIB variables, and configuration values. It does not allow execution of router management functions such as rebooting .

1-4

Overview of Initializing and Verifying Router Software

Verifying the Router Software

Verifying the router software means to evaluate the performance of the bridging and routing services that have been configured in the router to ensure that bridging and routing is operating properly. Verifying occurs after the router hardware has been installed and the software init ialized, and involves using the console to inspect router-generated data from the following sources:

Statistics screens Event log Bridging and routing tables Node accessability tests (ping, Atping)

The remainder of this chapter provides an overview of the console interface, which is the tool to use for initializing, verifying, and managing your router.

Overview

1-5

Overview of Initializing and Verifying Router Software

Overview of the Console Interface

The console interface is your tool for configuring and booting the router, gathering data on router performance, and managing router operation. Access to the console interface is via the Main menu, which displays the router’s s oftware management features. (You can access a router’s console interface either by directly connecting your terminal to the router’s console port or by using Telnet --page 7-10-- or a modem connection.)

1-6

Figure 1-1. The Main Menu

Statistics Screen Menu: Provides ongoing data for analyzing circuit, bridge, routing service, and buffer usage. (Refer to chapter 6, ‘‘How To Use the Statistics Screens To Analyze Router Operation’’.)

Network Control Language Interpreter: Referred to as ‘‘NCL’’, provides a command line to execute router management commands such as rebooting, password-setting, and access to bridging and routing tables. (Refer to chapter 7, ‘‘How To Use the Network Control Language (NCL) Commands To Manage a Router’’.)

Overview of Initializing and Verifying Router Software

Overview of the Console Interface

Configuration Editor: Used to create and modify extensive configurations. (Refer to the next section and to chapter 4, ‘‘How To Use the Configuration Editor To Create or Change a Configuration’’.)

Event Log: Displays event messages generated by the router. (Refer to chapter 5, ‘‘How To Use the Event Log To Analyze Router Operation’’.)

LOGOFF: Terminates a console session from a remote terminal. (Refer to ‘‘How To Disconnect Telnet Access to Another HP Router’’ on page 7-12.)

Quick Configuration: Used to create and modify minimal configurations. (Refer to the next section and to chapter 3, ‘‘How To Use Quick Configuration To Create or Change a Minimal Configuration’’.)

Quick Remote: Provides a tool for creating and holding minimal configurations for automatic downloading to remote HP routers over a WAN link. (Quick Remote does not affect the local router’s configuration.) Refer to chapter 8, ‘‘How To Use Quick Remote To Configure a Remote Router’’.

Overview

1-7

The configuration tools

Overview of Initializing and Verifying Router Software

Overview of Methods for Creating or Modifying a Configuration

This section describes tools that you can use to access the configuration in any HP Series 200, 400, or 600 router, using either a direct console connection to the router or T elnet access over the network.

The ports on a router must be configured for routing before they can actually perform routing functions. Also, once a routing configuration has been implemented, it may need adjustments to achieve optimum performance. In these cases it is necessary to use the configuration tools to create or modify a configuration.

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Figure 1-2. Methods for Configuring the Router

Overview of Initializing and Verifying Router Software

Overview of Methods for Creating or Modifying a Configuration

Configuration Tools in the Main Menu

Quick Configuration: (Main Menu item number 6) queries you only for the configuration parameters most commonly required to get started. It provides help for each question and displays a table tracking your current settings, all on one screen. (If your network design requires that you customize parameters others than those in Quick Configuration, then you can use the full Configuration Editor.) T o use Quick Configuration, refer to chapter 3, ‘‘How To Use Quick Configuration To Create or Change a Minimal Configuration’’.

Configuration Editor: (Main Menu item number 3) uses a structured series of menus, screens, and prompts that lead logically through all the parameters you may customize for your HP router. The Configuration Editor gives you more flexibility and many more parameters than are available in Quick Configuration. Refer to chapter 4, ‘‘How To Use the Configuration Editor To Create or Change a Configuration’’.

Overview

Interaction Between the Configuration Tools

Quick Configuration accesses a group of parameters that forms a subset of the parameters accessed by the Configuration Editor.

That is, Quick Configuration and the Configuration Editor provide two different ways to access the same router configuration. Thus, if you change a parameter value such as an IP address in Quick Configuration, then reboot the router, the new IP address will automatically map to the Configuration Editor as well. Similarly, if you change any parameters in the Configuration Editor that are also accessed from Quick Configuration, then reboot the router, the changes will automatically map to Quick Configuration.

1-9

Overview of Initializing and Verifying Router Software

Network Management Tools

Network management tools provide another method of monitoring and configuring a router that is already installed in a network. For information on how to access and manage a router using a network management tool, refer to the documentation you received with your network management software.

1-10

How To Use the Main Menu

Introducing the Main Menu

The Main Menu is the highest level in the console interface, and provides operator access to the router. It lists each of the router’s main user interface features, and includes Help information on each of these features.

2-2

Main Menu

How To Use the Main Menu

How To Access the Main Menu

How to connect a console to your router is described in the installation guide for your router. The console is then used to verify that the router hardware is operating properly.

Once the terminal or terminal emulation is switched on, connected, and configured correctly and the router is plugged in and passes its self-test, you are ready to proceed.

Note If you use a personal computer for a console, press the [Enter] key when-

ever this manual tells you to press the [Return] key.

If a line of text (such as Waiting for speed sense) appears, press [Return]. (You may have to pause and repeat [Return] two or three times to get a response.) Pressing [Return] allows the router to sense the speed of your terminal and respond accordingly. As soon as the router senses and matches the terminal’s speed, the baud rate is displayed at the correct speed. You will then see one of the following screens:

Figure 2-1. The Main Menu

Figure 2-2. Copyright and Password

Note If your console is already displaying a screenful of other text, the ‘‘speed

sense’’ text mentioned above may appear anywhere on the screen. When you see that a new line of text has appeared (garbled or not), press [Return].

2-3

How To Use the Main Menu

How To Access the Main Menu

If the Copyright and Password screen (figure 2-2) appears first, then a password has been set. Type in the password and press [Return] again to display the Main menu. If you need to clear (remove) a password, refer to the installation guide you received with your router.

If the Main menu (figure 2-1) appears first, then a password is not required.

The items listed in the Main menu include the following:

Statistics Screen menu Network Control Language Interpreter (NCL) Configuration Editor Event Log Logout Quick Configuration Quick Remote (on most router models)

2-4

Figure 2-3. The Main Menu

Main Menu

How To Use the Main Menu

Selecting an Option in the Main Menu

To select (start) a Main menu option, press the number of that option. For example, to display the Network Control Language Interpreter (NCL), press [2].

NCL Prompt

Figure 2-4. Pressing [2] in the Main Menu Displays the NCL Prompt

To exit from NCL, type exit and press [Return].

2-5

How To Use the Main Menu

Getting Help in the Main Menu

To display Help for an item listed in the Main Menu, use the [^] or [v] key to move the pointer to the item for which you want Help, then press [Shift] [?]. For example, to display Help for NCL:

1. Move the pointer to item 2, ‘‘Network Control Language Interpreter’’

in the Main Menu:

2-6

Figure 2-5. Move the Pointer to Item 2

2. Press [Shift] [?] to display the Help information.

Main Menu

Figure 2-6.The NCL Help Display

How To Use the Main Menu

Getting Help in the Main Menu

Press [<] (or any character key) to exit from Help and return to the Main menu.

This completes the instructions on how to access the console interface and use the Main menu. The remainder of this manual describes how to operate the individual features listed in the Main menu.

2-7

How To Use Quick Configuration To Create or Change a Minimal Configuration

How To Use Quick Configuration

Introducing Quick Configuration

This chapter describes how to use the Quick Configuration utility to create a minimal configuration for IP, IPX, AppleTalk, and DECnet routing services. You can also use Quick Configuration to disable or enable bridging on each port of your router.

Why Use Quick Configuration? Your HP router provides two methods for configuring the router through the console port:

The Quick Configuration utility — the short path to basic configurations

The Configuration Editor — the detailed path t o f u lly customized configurations (described in chapter 4)

Quick Configuration provides the following:

A single-screen “worksheet” approach for basic configurations—you can combine several steps into one for a configuration process that is faster and easier than using the more detailed and extensive Configuration Editor.

Access to a minimal set of IP, IPX, AppleTalk, and DECnet parameters, plus options for bridging and IP host-only operation.

Access to X.25 (available on most HP routers) and other selected branches of the Configuration Editor, or to the entire Configuration Editor—you can use the ‘‘hotkeys’’ to choose either, without having to exit from Quick Configuration.

Optional rebooting upon exit from Quick Conf iguration—when you’ve finished configuring, you can choose to reboot when you exit from Quick Configuration. This mak es it faster and easier to get your router up and running after you’ve made configuration changes.

Note Quick Configuration affects a small subset of the overall parameter set

accessed through the Configuration Editor. For more on this topic, refer to ‘‘Interacting With the Configuration Editor’’ on page 3-29.

3-2

Quick

Configuration

How To Use Quick Configuration

Introducing Quick Configuration

What are the basic steps to configuring a router?

The basic steps to configuring the router for minimal operation are:

1. Determine from your network map the minimal parameter values

you need.

2. Start Quick Configuration.

3. Enter the parameter values that you determined in step 1.

4. Exit from Quick Configuration with the reboot option selected.

5. After the router finishes rebooting, verify proper operation.

Note Because of port differences and routing service differences, the Quick

Configuration screen differs among the various HP routers. Examples of Quick Configuration use are the following screens for an HP Router SR and an HP Router 650:

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+ 126 hidden pages