HP (Hewlett-Packard) 86140A User Manual

User’s Guide

HP 86140A Series Optical Spectrum Analyzer

HP Part No. 8 6140 -90035 Printed in USA February 2000

Hew lett -Packard Compan y Lightwave Division 1400 Fountaingrove Park way Santa Rosa, CA 9 5403-1799, USA (707) 577-1 400

Notice.

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Companies, names, and data used in examples herein are fictitious unless otherwise noted. Hew lett -Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. HewlettPackard shall not be liable f or errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

Restricted Rights Legend.

Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions a s set forth in subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.2 27-7013 for DOD agencies, and subparagraphs (c) (1) and (c) (2 ) of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights claus e a t FAR 52 .22 7-19 for other agencies.

Warrant y.

This Hewlett-Packard instrument product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a perio d of one year from date of shipment. During the warranty period, Hewlett-Packard Company will, at its option, either repair or replace products which prove to be defective. For warranty service o r repair, this product must b e returned to a service facility designated by Hewlett-Packard. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to Hewlett-Packard and Hewlett-Packard shall pay shi ppi ng charg es to return the product to Buyer. However, Buyer shall pay all shipping charges, duties, and taxes for products returned to HewlettPackard from another country.

Hew lett -Packard wa rran ts that its software and firmware designated by HewlettPackard for use with an instrument will execute its programming instructions when properly installed o n that instrument. HewlettPackard does not warrant that the operation of the instrument, or sof tware, or firmware will be uninterrupted or errorfree.

Limitation of Warranty.

The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulti ng from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer, Buyersupplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modification or misuse, operation outside of the environmental specifications for the product, or improper site preparation or maintenance.

No other warranty is expressed or implied. Hewlett-Packard specifically

disclaims the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a parti cular purpose.

Exclusive Remedi es.

The remedies provided herein are buyer's sole and exclusive remedies. Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages, whether based on contract, tort, or any other legal theory.

Safety Symbols.

CAUTION

caution

The

sign de notes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure whi ch, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or destruction of the product. Do not proceed beyond a caution sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

WARNING

warning

The

sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure whi ch, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or loss of life. Do not proceed beyond a warning sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

The instruction manual symbol. The product is marked with this warning symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instructions in the manual.

The laser radiation symbol. This warning symbol is marked on products which have a laser output.

The AC symbol is used to indicate the required nature o f the line module input power.

|The ON symbols are used to mark the positions of the instrument power line switch.

❍The OFF symbols are used to mar k the positions of the instrument power line switch.

The CE mark is a registe r ed trademark of the European Community.

The CSA mark is a registe r ed trademark of the Canadian Standards Association.

The C-Tick mark is a registered trademark of the Australian Spectrum Management Agency.

This text denotes the

ISM1-A

instrument is an Industrial Scientific and Medical Group 1 Class A product.

General Safety Considerations

This product has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC Publication 1010, Safety Requirements for Electronic Measuring Apparatus, and has been supplied in a safe condition. The instruction documentation contains information and warnings which must be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the product in a safe condition.

Install the instrument according to the enclosure protection provided. This instrument does not protect against the ingress of water. This instrument protects against finger access to hazardous parts within the enclosure.

WARN ING

CAUTION

If this product is not used as specified, the protection provided by the equipment could be impaired. This product must be used in a normal condition (in which all means for protection are intact) only.

No operator serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified service personnel. To prevent electrical shock do not remove covers.

This is a Safety Class 1 Product (provided with a protective earthing ground incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside of the instrument is likely to make the instrument dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited.

To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the instrument from mains before cleaning. Use a dry cloth or one slightly dampened with water to clean the external case parts. Do not attempt to clean internally.

Fiber-optic connectors are easily damaged when connected to dirty or damaged cables and accessories. The HP 86140 series’s front-panel INPUT connector is no exception. When you use improper cleaning and handling techniques, you risk expensive instrument repairs, damaged cables, and compromised measurements. Before you connect any fiber-optic cable to the HP 86140 series, ref er to “Cleaning Co nnecti ons for Accurate Measurements”

on page 6-10.

CAUTION

This product is designed for use in Installation Category II and Pollution Degree 2 per IEC 1010 and 664 respectively.

iii

General Safety Considerations

CAUTION

Do not use too much liquid in cleaning the optical spectrum analyzer. Water can enter the front-panel keyboard, damaging sensitive electronic components.

VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS: When installi ng the product in a cabinet, the convection into and out of the product must not be restricted. The ambient temperature (outside the cabinet) must be less than the maximum operating temperature of the product by 4° C for every 100 watts dissipated in the cabinet. If the total power dissipated in the cabinet is greater than 800 watts, then forced convection must be used.

Always use the three-prong AC power cord supplied with this instrument. Failure to ensure adequate earth grounding by not using this cord may cause instrument damage.

Do not

connect ac power until you have verified the line voltage is correct as described in “Line Power Requirements” on page 1-7. Damage to the equipment could result.

This instrument has autoranging line voltage input. Be sure the supply voltage is within the specified range.

1 Setting Up the OSA

2 A Quick Tour

HP 86140/2 Fro nt and Rear P anel s 2-4 HP 86143/5 Fro nt and Rear P anel s 2-6 Optical Spectrum Analyzer Display 2-8 The Menu Bar 2-10 The Softkey Panels 2-11 Tutorial: Getting Started 2-20 Changing the Printer Paper 2-23

3 Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

Front-Panel Keys 3-3 The Menus 3-7 The Amplitude Menus 3-8 The Bandwidth/Sweep Menus 3-14 The Markers Menus 3-21 The Save/Recall Menus 3-34 The System Menus 3-40 The Traces Menus 3-56 The Wavelength Menus 3-61 To Fill In a Setup Panel 3-65

4 Remote Operation

Getting Started 4-4 Monitoring the Instrument 4-11 Example Programs 4-16 Front Panel Functions to Remote Commands 4-31 Command Trees 4-37 Common Commands 4-42 CALCulate Subsystem Commands 4-45 CALibration Subsystem Commands 4-68 DISPlay Subsystem Commands 4-71 FORMat Subsystem Commands 4-76 HCOPy Subsystem Commands 4-77 INITiate Subsystem Comm ands 4-78 MEMory Subsystem Commands 4-79

Contents-1

Contents

MMEMory Subsystem Commands 4-80 SENSe Subsystem Commands 4-81 SOURce[n] Subsystem Commands 4-90 STATus Subsystem Commands 4-91 SYSTem Subsystem Commands 4-93 TRACe Subsystem Commands 4-95 TRIGger Subsystem Commands 4-99 UNIT Subsystem Commands 4-101 HP 71450 Series Commands to HP 86140 Series Equivalents 4-102

5Status Listings

Overview 5-2 Error Reporting Behavior 5-4 SCPI-Defined Errors 5-5 OSA Notices 5-16 OSA Warnings 5-17 Application-Specific Warnings 5-28 OSA Status Errors 5-34 OSA Errors 5-35 Firmware Errors 5-37

6 Reference

Options and Accessories 6-2 AC Line-Power Cords 6-4 Front-Panel Fiber-Optic Adapters 6-6 Printer Head Cleaning Procedure 6-7 Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements 6-10 Returning the Instrument for Service 6-21 Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Offices 6-24

7 Specifications and Regulatory Information

Definition of Terms 7-3 Specifications 7-5 Regulatory Information 7-10

Contents -2

Setting Up the OSA

This chapter shows you how to set up your optical spectrum analyzer, connect power and accessories, and verify general operation. Although the pictures in this section show an HP 86140A or 86142A optical spectrum analyzer, setting up other HP 86140-series optical spectrum analyzers is very similar. Refer to

Chapter 6, “Reference” for the following additional information:

• Tips on avoiding niques.

• List of available options, accessories, and power cords.

• Instructions on returning your instrument to HP for service.

• HP Sales and Service Offices.

costly

repairs by proper optical connection cleaning tech-

1-2

Package contents for HP 86140 series optical spectrum analyzers

Setting Up the OSA

❒

Inspect the shipping container for damage.

❒

Inspect the instrument.

❒

Verify that you received the options and accessories you ordered.

Keep the shipping container and cushioning material until you have inspected the contents of the shipment for completeness and have checked the optical spectrum analyzer mechanically and electrically.

If anything is missing or defective, contact your nearest Hewlett-Packard Sales Office. If the shipment was damaged, contact the carrier, then contact the nearest Hewlett-Packard Sales Office. Keep the shipping materials for the carrier’s inspection. The HP Sales Office will arrange for repair or replacement at Hewlett-Packard’s option without waiting for claim settlement.

Note

The N1031A BenchLink software allows you to upload graphics and trace date to a personal computer for preparing a report, creating an analysis, or storing the waveforms for later use.

1-3

Setting Up the OSA

You can tilt your instrument upward for easier viewing. On the HP 86140A and 86142A instruments, lift up the front of the instrument, grasp one of the wire bails under the front corner, and pull it down and forward until it latches into place. Repeat f or the other wire bail. On HP 86143A and 86145A instruments, pivot the handle to tilt the instrument.

1-4

Setting Up the OSA

CAUTION

Although you can operate all instrument functions using only the front-panel keys and trackball, these accessories make your optical spectrum analyzer even easier to use! Connect any standard PC-compatible mouse (or other pointing device), keyboard, or external VGA-compatible display.

not

stack other objects on the keyboard; this will cause self-test failures on

power-on.

1-5

Setting Up the OSA

You can connect a PCL-language printer (for example, an HP LaserJet) to the instrument’s rear panel

Parallel

connector. Use a parallel Centronics printer

cable, such as an HP C2950A (2 m) or HP C2951A (3 m).

1-6

Setting Up the OSA

The optical spectrum analyzer automatically adjusts for line input voltages in the range of 100 to 240 VAC. There is no manual selection switch. The line cord provided is matched by HP to the country of origin of the order. Refer to

“AC Line-Power Cords” on page 6-4.

Line Power Requirements

Power 115 VAC: 110 VA MAX. / 60 WATTS MAX. / 1.1 A MAX.

230 VAC: 150 VA MAX. / 70 WATTS MAX. / 0.6 A MAX.

Voltage nominal: 115 VAC / 230 VAC

range 115 VAC: 90–132 V range 230 VAC: 198–254 V

Frequency nominals: 50 Hz / 60 Hz

range: 47–63 Hz

1-7

Setting Up the OSA

• Press the power switch at the lower left-hand corner of the front panel.

After a short initialization period, the display will look similar to the picture on this page. The instrument is ready to use.

1-8

Setting Up the OSA

CAUTION

Fiber-optic connectors are easily damaged when connected to dirty or damaged cables and accessories. The HP 86140 series’s front-panel

INPUT

connector is no exception. When you use improper cleaning and handling techniques, you risk expensive instrument repairs, damaged cables, and compromised measurements. Before you connect any fiber-optic cable to the HP 86140 series optical spectrum analyzer, refer to “Cleaning Connections for

Accurate Measurements” on page 6-10.

1-9

Setting Up the OSA

1-10

HP 86140/2 Fro nt and Rear P anel s 2-4 HP 86143/5 Fro nt and Rear P anel s 2-6 Optical Spectrum Analyzer Display 2-8 The Menu Bar 2-10 The Softkey Panels 2-11

The Amplitude menus 2-12 The Applications menus 2-13 The Bandwidth/Sweep menus 2-14 The Marker menus 2-15 The Save/Recall menus 2-16 The Systems menus 2-17 The Traces menus 2-18

The Wavelength menus 2-19 Tutorial: Getting Started 2-20 Changing the Printer Paper 2-23

A Quick Tour

HP 86140A-series optical spectrum analyzers display input light spectra from 600 nm to 1700 nm. To change instrument settings use the softkeys. To display different softkeys use these items:

• Softkey panel and softkeys

Print, Save/Recall, System,

•

• Menu bar

The menu bar or keys can be used to access the same functions. Use the trackball or an optional pointing device to make menu and softkey selections.

Application

and

keys

2-2

A Quick Tour

All displayed wavelength values show values as measured in a vacuum. This default setting can be changed t o show values as measured in air. See “To

change the default wavelength settings” on page 3-63 for more information.

OPTICAL INPUT

The

mode fiber

connector on standard instrument versions uses

. Connecting multi-mode fiber to these connectors results in large

single

reflections and insertion loss.

Auto Align

Auto Meas

Appl’s

To ensure maximum amplitude accuracy, connect an input signal to the instrument and then press

Auto Align

. This starts an automatic alignment procedure

that should be performed whenever the instrument has been:

• moved,

• subjected to large temperature changes, or

• warmed up at the start of each day.

Press the

Auto Meas

key to automatically locate the largest signal present at the

input connector.

Additional software applications can be purchased and installed in your optical spectrum analyzer. These applications automate and simplify your measurement tasks. Press this key to access your applications.

2-3

A Quick Tour

HP 86140/2 Front and Rear Panels

2-4

A Quick Tour

HP 86140/2 Front and Rear Panels

2-5

A Quick Tour

HP 86143/5 Front and Rear Panels

2-6

A Quick Tour

HP 86143/5 Front and Rear Panels

2-7

A Quick Tour

Optical Spectrum Analyzer Display

2-8

A Quick Tour

Optical Spectrum Analyzer Display

2-9

The File menu

A Quick Tour

The Menu Bar

The Menu bar includes the File, Measure, Application, and Op tions drop-down menus. Each menu selection includes a descriptive label.

(Action) Indicates the selection will perform an action such as

making a measurement or printing the display.

(Panel) Indicates the selection will open a softkey panel.

The Measure menu

The Applications menu

The Options menu

2-10

A Quick Tour

The Softkey Panels

The softkey panels can be accessed using either the front-panel keys or the menu bar. This section includes brief descriptions of the following menus. See

Chapter 3, “Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer” for additional information

on each of the OSA functions.

The Amplitude menus 2-12

The Applications menus 2-13

The Bandwidth/Sweep menus 2-14

The Marker menus 2-15

The Save/Recall menus 2-16

The Systems menus 2-17

The Traces menus 2-18

The Wavelength menus 2-19

2-11

A Quick Tour

The Softkey Panels

The Amplitude menus

The Amplitude softkeys are accessed by using the front-panel the Measure menu Amplitude selection on the menu bar.

The Measure menu

Amplitude

key or

2-12

The Applications menus

A Quick Tour

The Softkey Panels

The Applications menu

The Applications (Appl’s) softkeys are accessed by using the front-panel

key or the Applications menu Launch an Installed Application.... selection on

the menu bar.

For a complete description of the applications, refer to the manual that came with your software.

Appl’s

2-13

A Quick Tour

The Softkey Panels

The Bandwidth/Sweep menus

The Bandwidth/Sweep softkeys are accessed by using the front-panel

width/Sweep

menu bar.

The Measure menu

key or the Measure menu Bandwidth/Sweep selection on the

Band-

2-14

The Marker menus

A Quick Tour

The Softkey Panels

The Measure menu

The Markers softkeys are accessed using the front-panel Measure menu Markers selection on the menu bar.

Markers

key or the

2-15

The File menu

A Quick Tour

The Softkey Panels

The Save/Recall menus

The Save/Recall softkeys and setup panels are accessed by using the dropdown File menu Save/Recall selection or the front-panel these functions to save, recall and print the measurement results.

Save/Recall

key. Use

2-16

The Systems menus

A Quick Tour

The Softkey Panels

The Options menu

The System softkeys are accessed using the front-panel Options menu System selection on the menu bar.

System

key or the

2-17

A Quick Tour

The Softkey Panels

The Traces menus

The Measure menu

The Traces softkeys are accessed by using the front-panel Measure menu Traces selection on the menu bar.

Traces

key or the

2-18

The Wavelength menus

A Quick Tour

The Softkey Panels

The Measure menu

The Wavelength softkeys are accessed using the front-panel the Measure menu Wavelength selection on the menu bar.

Wavelength

key or

2-19

A Quick Tour

Tutorial: Getting Started

This tutorial will introduce you to the HP 86140 series optical spectrum analyzer front panel controls. You will perform an auto alignment, perform a peak search, use a delta marker and print the display.

Instrument setup

A source signal must be present at the input of the optical spectrum analyzer. In this tutorial a Fabry-Perot laser was used as the source. You can use another source o r the opti onal 1310/1550 nm used, the display will differ from those shown.

To set the OSA to a know n state

Press the front-panel complete description of preset conditions, see page 3-5.

To perform an Auto Align

page 3-2 for more information.

2-20

Preset

key to set the instrument to a known state. For a

EELED

. If another source is being

A Quick Tour

Tutorial: Getting Started

Connect a fiber from the source to the input connector of the optical spectrum analyzer. Be sure to follow the good connector practices described in “Cleaning

Connections for Accurate Measurements” on page 6-10.

Enable the source.

Press the front-panel

Auto Align

key to optimize the detection of the incoming

signal. This takes a few moments to complete.

To perform a peak search

Press the front-panel

Auto Meas

key to locate and zoom-in on the signal. Please wait until the Auto Measure routine is complete. A marker is placed on the peak of the displayed signal.

Trace with normal marker.

To zoom in on the signal

Press the

Span

softkey and then use the knob, step keys, or numeric keypad to

zoom in on the signal.

2-21

A Quick Tour

Tutorial: Getting Started

Using the delta marker

The optical spectrum analyzer has four types of markers; normal markers, bandwidth markers, delta markers and noise markers. The marker currently being displayed is a normal marker. In the next step we will use it as a delta marker.

Press the front-panel

Press the

More Marker Functions....

Delta Marker

Marker

key.

softkey.

softkey to activate the delta marker and the active

function area.

Use the knob, step keys or numeric entry pad to move the delta marker.

The reference marker remains stationary.

Trace with delta marker.

Printing the display

Press the

key to print a copy of the display. The output will be sent to the internal or external printer, depending on the printer selected. For information on selecting the printer, see “To set up a printer” on page 3-44.

2-22

Changing the Printer Paper

A Quick Tour

Changing the Printer Paper

2-23

A Quick Tour

Changing the Printer Paper

CAUTION

Avoid dropping the coin or screwdriver, used to open the printer door, into the printer assembly.

Always use HP brand paper to ensure quality printing and long printer life. Order paper as HP part number 9270-1370.

Never use the printer without printer paper as this can damage the printer head.

• If the instrument is on, the paper feeder automatically scrolls whenever paper is inserted into the feeder.

• Lift the paper latch to correct paper alignment problems. The scroll knob allows you to manually advance the paper.

To avoid damage caused by losing parts and tools inside the instrument, always turn the instrument off

before

installing the printer paper.

2-24

To perform an Automatic Alignment 3-2 Front-Panel Keys 3-3 The Menus 3-7 The Amplitude Menus 3-8 The Bandwidth/Sweep Menus 3-14 The Markers Menus 3-21 The Save/Recall Menus 3-34 The System Menus 3-40 The Traces Menus 3-56 The Wavelength Menus 3-61 To Fill In a Setup Panel 3-65

To use the navigation softkeys 3-66

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

Using the OSA

In this chapter, there are sections on both the menus and the front-panel keys.

Any of the instrument settings can be changed by using either the front-panel keys or the menu bar selections. Many of the menu selections and front-panel keys display a softkey panel. Settings in softkey panels are changed using the softkeys, data-entry keys, mouse, and trackball.

To perform an Automatic Alignment

For maximum amplitude accuracy, perform an automatic alignment whenever the optical spectrum analyzer has been moved, subjected to large temperature changes, or following warm-up. This function can also be accessed by choosing the Measure menu Auto Align selection on the menu bar. For a complete description of the Auto Align function, see the Auto Align section on the next page.

3-2

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

Front-Panel Keys

The optical spectrum analyzer has front-panel keys that perform a function when pressed.

For maximum amplitude accuracy, perform the automatic alignment whenever the optical spectrum analyzer has been moved, subjected to large temperature changes, or following warm-up. This function can also be accessed by choosing the Measure menu Auto Align selection on the menu bar.

Pressing the matic alignment of the instrument using the largest signal found in a full span sweep. This aligns the output of the monochromator with the photodetector for improved amplitude accuracy. You should use the Auto Align function whenever the OSA is bumped or physically moved to a new location.

The automatic alignment requires the connection of an external light source. This can be a broadband or narrowband source. If there is insufficient signal power, the automatic alignment will not be performed, and an error message will be reported.

The Auto Align function saves and restores the current instrument state. This allows the Auto Align function to be used in the middle of a measurement routine.

If markers are turned on, the Auto Align function attempts to do the automatic alignment at the wavelength of the active marker. If the instrument is in zero span, the alignment is performed at the center wavelength.

To perform an Auto Align function from the remote interface, see the descriptions of the following remote commands:

“CALibra tion:A LIGn ” on page 4-68 “CALibration:ALIGn:MARKer[1|2|3|4]” on page 4-68

Auto A lign

button on the front panel of the OSA performs an auto-

3-3

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

Front-Panel Keys

Pressing the

Auto Meas

button on the front panel of the OSA performs an automatic measurement of the largest signal found in a full span sweep and places a marker at the signal peak. Auto measure requires the connection of an external light source. This can be a broadband or narrowband source. If there is insufficient signal power, the automatic measurement will not be performed, and a warning message will be reported. This automatic measurement routine is normally the best way to adjust sensitivity while maintaining the fastest sweep rates.

The Auto Measure function uses trace A to perform the measurement. Since the Auto Measure function can alter the instrument state, we recommend that this operation be performed

before

a measurement sequence is started.

Using the Auto Measure Setup panel shown below, you can modify the automeasure span and the vertical scale, tune to the wavelength indicated by the marker and optimize the sensitivity. See “To change the automeasure

defaults” on page 3-53 for more information.

To perform an Auto Measure from the remote interface, see the descriptions of the following remote commands:

“DISPlay[:WINDow[1]]:TRACe:ALL[:SCALe][:AUTO]” on page 4-71 “DISPlay[:WINDow[1]]:TRACe:X[:SCALe]:AUTO:SPAN <numeric_value>[M|NM|UM]” on page 4-74 “DISPlay[:WINDow[1]]:TRACe:X[:SCALe]:AUTO:SPAN:AUTO ON|OFF|1|0”

on page 4-74 “DISPlay[:WINDow[1]]:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:AUTO:PDIVision <numeric_value>[DB]” on page 4-74 “DISPlay[:WINDow[1]]:TRACe:Y[1|2][:SCALe]:AUTO:PDIVision:AUTO OFF|ON|0|1” o n page 4-74 “DISPlay[:WINDow[1]]:TRACe:ALL[:SCALe][:AUTO]:MARKer OFF|ON|0|1” on page 4-73 “DISPlay[:WINDow[1]]:TRACe:ALL[:SCALe][:AUTO]:OPTimize OFF|ON|0|1” o n page 4-73

3-4

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

Front-Panel Keys

Places the optical spectrum analyzer under local control. Enables the front panel keys after the instrument has been under control with an external computer via HP-IB.

Sets the optical spectrum analyzer to a known state.

1 nm

Preset

Value

span ratio

position

Ratio units

Function

Start wavelength 600 nm Stop wavelength 1700 nm Wavelength offset 0 Wavelength step size Auto Resolution bandwidth Auto Resolution bandwidth to

Wavelength units nm Medium Vacuum Wavelength limit On Grating order Auto Power reference level 0 dBm Power reference level

Power scale 10 dB/div Ratio reference level 0 dB Ratio reference level position 5 Ratio scale 10 dB/div Amplitude units Auto

Sensitivity Auto Video bandwidth Auto Auto range On Trans-Z lock Off Repetitive sweep On Sweep time Auto Auto chop Off Gated sweep Off

Trigger mode Normal ADC trigger delay 10 µs

ADC sync out Off Sweep limit Off

Trace length 1001 Current source pulse width 100 µs

Current source duty cycle 100% Auto zero On User wavelength calibration Enabled User power calibration Enabled Graticule On Annotation On Current marker MKR 1 Normal marker interpolation Off Bandwidth marker interpolation On Normal marker units nm Bandwidth marker units nm Peak search threshold –90 dBm Threshold enable Off Peak search excursion 3 dB Pit search excursion 3 dB Peak search on end-of-sweep Off Marker search limit Off Line markers Off Marker noise normalization

bandwidth Marker 1–4 Off Marker 1–4 bandwidth Off

Preset

Value

0.01

Auto

3-5

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

Front-Panel Keys

Function

Marker 1–4 bandwidth amplitude

Marker 1–4 noise Off Marker 1–4 delta marker

Current trace TRA Trace integration Off Trace integration limit Off Trace mean Off Trace mean limit Off Trace average count 100

Trace data format TRB–TRF visibility Off TRA update On TRB–TRF update Off TRA–TRF min hold Off TRA–TRF max hold Off TRA–TRF averaging Off TRA–TRF trace math Off TRB–TRF data 3-point

Raw trace 3-point

a. Ac cessible only via the remote interface.

Preset

Value

–3 dB Marker 1–4 delta Off

units

ASCII TRA visibility On

dummy trace

Function

Preset

Value

dummy trace

Select this function to print a copy of the display. Using the Printer Setup menu selection, you can specify the printer as the built-in printer or a printer that is connected to the rear-panel parallel connector. See “To set up a

printer” on page 3-44 for a complete description of this function.

3-6

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Menus

The front-panel menu keys are used to perform calibrations, setup measurements, set markers, save and recall data, set system preferences, and so forth. Pressing a front-panel menu key displays a softkey menu or setup panel.

The Amplitude Menus 3-8 The Bandwidth/Sweep Menus 3-14 The Markers Menus 3-21 The Save/Recall Menus 3-34 The System Menus 3-40 The Traces Menus 3-56 The Wavelength Menus 3-61

3-7

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Amplitude Menus

The Amplitude menus are accessed using the front-panel

Amplitude

key or the Measure menu Amplitude selection on the menu bar. If you wish to change amplitude settings, the following functions and setup panels are available:

Function See....

Reference Level “To change the reference level” on page 3-9

Scale/Division “To change the value of the vertical amplitude scale” on

page 3-9

Display Mode “To change the display mode between log and linear” on

page 3-10

Sensitivity “To change the sensitivity” on page 3-10

Peak to Reference Level “To set the reference level to the peak value” on page 3-11

Amplitude Setup.... “To change the default amplitude settings” on page 3-11

Note

Normally, the optical spectrum analyzer automatically selects the amplitude units according to whether the scale is logarithmic (dBm) or linear (watts). See “To change the

default amplitude settings” on page 3-11.

Linear scale

In linear scale, the graticule is scaled in linear units, proportional to the input power. The bottom of the graticule line represents zero watts. The top of the graticule represents the reference level. Therefore, with 10 graticule lines, each division represents 10% of the input signal at the top of the screen.

Logarithmic scale

Logarithmic scales range from 0.01 to 20.00 decibels-per-division. The 10 dBper-division scale is the default setting.

3-8

Using the Amplitude functions

To change the reference level

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Amplitude Menus

Press the front-panel

Press the

Use the knob, step keys or numeric entry pad to enter the desired value.

The reference level value is the amplitude level shown at the reference level position. The reference level position is indicated on the display by a green line and the graticule division from the top of the display. For the right vertical scale, the default position is midscreen. The reference level can be specified in dBm or watts.

Note

When using the step keys, the increment and decrement values are determined by the settings of the Scale/Division function. See “To change the value of the vertical ampli-

tude scale” for more information.

Note

If both the left and right vertical scales are displayed, the reference level of the active trace is adjusted.

To change the value of the vertical amplitude scale

Reference Level

REF

Amplitude

annotation on the display. The default position is one major

key.

softkey.

Press the front-panel

Press the

Use the knob, step keys or numeric entry pad to enter the desired value.

Note

This function determines the amount the value increases or decreases when using the arrow keys to set the reference level. See “To change the reference level” for more information.

Scale/Div

Amplitude

softkey.

key.

3-9

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Amplitude Menus

Note

If both the left and right vertical scales are displayed, the scale/division of the active trace is changed.

To change the display mode between log and linear

Press the front-panel

Press the

To change the sensitivity

Press the front-panel

Press the

Use the knob, step keys or numeric entry pad to enter the desired value.

This key toggles the sensitivity between automatic and manual. The sensitivity setting indicates the smallest signal amplitude that will be displayed across the current wavelength range. Increasing sensitivity slows the sweep speed. An increase in sensitivity may also require a narrower video bandwidth, which will slow the sweep speed.

Normally, the optical spectrum analyzer selects the greatest sensitivity possible that does not require amplification changes during the sweep. If you manually increase the sensitivity level, the sweep pauses to allow this change in gain.

Automatic mode

When in automatic mode, the analyzer selects the greatest sensitivity possible that does not require amplification changes during the sweep.

Display Mode

Sensitivity

softkey to toggle between Auto and Manual modes.

Amplitude

key.

softkey to toggle between Log and Linear data display.

Amplitude

key.

Manual mode

When sensitivity is increased manually, the sweep pauses to allow this change in gain.

3-10

Note

The settings for sensitivity, video bandwidth and sweep time interact. If the sensitivity is set to manual, the video bandwidth and sweep time may be forced to Auto mode. If the video bandwidth is set to manual, the sensitivity and sweep time may be forced to Auto. If the sweep speed is set to manual and is set too fast, the come on in the display area. Since these settings interact, it is recommended that only

of the settings be changed, whichever setting is most important to the measurement

one

task being performed.

To set the reference level to the peak value

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Amplitude Menus

OVER SWEEP

indicator will

Press the front-panel

Press the

Peak to REF LEVEL

Amplitude

The system sets the value of the reference level equal to the value of the highest point on the active trace.

To change the default amplitude settings

Press the front-panel

Press the

The Amplitude Setup panel opens. Refer to “To Fill In a Setup Panel” on

Amplitude Setup....

Amplitude

page 3-65 for information on changing and selecting items in the setup panel.

The Amplitude Setup panel

key.

softkey.

key.

softkey.

3-11

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Amplitude Menus

Setup panel select ions

Reference Level Position

The value selected for the Reference Level Position determines the position of the reference level on the graticule. Setting this value to zero divisions places the reference level on the very bottom of the grid. Setting the reference level to 10 divisions places the reference level at the top of the grid. Pressing the front-panel

Preset

key resets the reference level to 9.0 divisions.

Note

When using the knob or step keys, the value will automatically change. When using the numeric entry pad, a terminator must be selected from the softkey panel.

Amplitude Units

Selecting Auto for amplitude units allows power to be shown in dBm when using the logarithmic scale and in watts when using the linear scale. Selecting W forces the readout to be in watts, regardless of the amplitude scaling.

Auto Ranging

The Auto Range function allows the OSA to change the gain of the transimpedance amplifier during a sweep. This provides measurements to be made at the widest dynamic range and at the fastest sweep speed.

Pressing the front-panel

Preset

key turns Auto Ranging ON.

Note

It is recommended that Auto Ranging always be turned ON.

Auto Zero

Turns Auto Zero ON and be zeroed between sweeps. Selecting

front-panel

Preset

key resets this function to ON.

OFF

. Auto Zero ON enables the internal amplifiers to

OFF

disables this feature. Pressing the

Note

Turning Auto Zero

allows the instrument to sweep faster, but results in less accu-

OFF

racy on low level signals.

3-12

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Amplitude Menus

Note

The optical spectrum analyzer performs a more complete zeroing when the instrument is first turned on. You can run this more complete routine anytime by pressing the

softkey. Refer to “To zero the instrument” on page 3-50 for more information.

Now

Zero

Auto Chop Mode

Enables the spectrum analyzer chop mode. Chop mode increases dynamic range for long sweep times by subtracting ambient light. Subtracting the ambient light can improve sensitivity but slow down the sweep speed.

Pressing the front-panel

Preset

key turns this function

OFF

Note

Sweep times of 50 msec × the # of trace points, or longer, use a special “chop” mode. Chop mode increases dynamic range, stabilizes measurements against drift, and reduces effects of stray light. This special chop mode is enabled by setting the Auto Chop mode to ON.

Power Calibration

Power Calibration allows you to use amplitude correction factors either from the factory calibration or from the last successful user calibration. Pressing the front-panel

Pre set

key resets this function to User. If a user calibration has

not been performed, the factory calibration data is used.

User Power Cal Date

The User Power Cal Date displays the date of the last successful user-performed amplitude calibration. See “To perform a power calibration” on

page 3-44 for information on performing an amplitude calibration.

3-13

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Bandwidth/Sweep Menus

The Bandwidth/Sweep softkeys are accessed by using the front-panel

width/Sweep

key or the Measure menu Bandwidth/Sweep selection on the

Band-

menu bar. If you wish to change bandwidth or sweep settings, the following functions and setup panels are available:

Function See....

Resolution Bandwidth “To change the resolution bandwidth” on page 3-15

Video Bandwidth “To change the video bandwidth” on page 3-15

Sweep Time “To change the sweep time” on page 3-16

Repeat Sweep “To turn repeat sweep on and off” on page 3-17

Single Sweep “To perform a single sweep” on page 3-17

Trigger Mode....

Internal “To select the internal trigger” on page 3-18

Gated “To select a gated trigger” on page 3-18

External “To select an external trigger” on page 3-19

ADC+, ADC–, and ADC AC “To select the

Trigger Delay “To set the trigger delay” on page 3-20

trigger” on page 3-19

ADC

Synch Out “To select the synchronous output” on page 3-20

3-14

Using the Bandwidth/Sweep functions

To change the resolution bandwidth

The ability to display two closely spaced signals as two distinct responses is determined by resolution bandwidth.

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Bandwidth/Sweep Menus

Press the front-panel

Press the

Toggle between selecting the resolution bandwidth automatically or manually.

Use the knob, step keys or numeric entry pad to enter the desired value.

The resolution bandwidth can be set to one of the following values:

0.07 (0.06 for the HP 86142A and 86145A), 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2 , 5, or 10 nm. Resolution bandwidth filtering occurs before detection of the light.

In Auto mode, the resolution bandwidth is coupled to the span in a preset

0.01:1 ratio. This means that the optical spectrum analyzer attempts to set a bandwidth value that is 1% of the span setting. You can alter this behavior by manually setting the resolution bandwidth.

To change the video bandwidth

Press the front-panel

Press the

Toggle between selecting the video bandwidth automatically or manually.

Use the knob, step keys or numeric entry pad to enter the desired value.

Video bandwidth filtering occurs after detection of the light. In the autocoupled mode, the video bandwidth has an extremely wide range. This allows the optical spectrum analyzer to avoid unnecessary filtering that would reduce the sweep speed more than required.

Normally, the video bandwidth is coupled to the requested sensitivity. Manually entering a video bandwidth breaks this coupling. The video bandwidth can be manually set from 100 mHz to 3 kHz, or the bandwidth of the currently selected transimpedance amplifier, whichever is less.

Res BW

Video BW

Bandwidth/Sweep

softkey.

Bandwidth/Sweep

softkey.

key.

3-15

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Bandwidth/Sweep Menus

The following functions affect video bandwidth:

• Changing the sensitivity value.

• Changing the reference level.

• Turning autoranging ON or

The range of video bandwidth available in Auto mode is much greater than can be set manually from the front panel. A lower video bandwidth value requires a longer sweep time. Because of the interdependence between the video bandwidth and sensitivity, it is recommended that either the sensitivity or the video bandwidth be changed, whichever is the most important to the measurement task being performed.

To change the sweep time

OFF

Press the front-panel

Press the

Toggle between selecting sweep time automatically or manually.

Use the knob, step keys or numeric entry pad to enter the desired value.

Sweep Time

Bandwidth/Sweep

softkey.

key.

The sweep time is the amount of time required for the optical spectrum analyzer to sweep the current measurement range. The optical spectrum analyzer automatically selects sweep times based on coupling of the following instrument settings:

• Wavelength span

• Resolution bandwidth

• Video bandwidth

• Sensitivity

• Trace length

• Power level

Coupling of these parameters yields optimum amplitude accuracy. When coupled, the optical spectrum analyzer always uses the fastest sweep possible while still maintainin g the specified accuracy. Coupled, sweep times range from 50 ms to a maximum value that depends on the n umber of t race points used to draw the trace. This relationship is shown in the following equation:

50 ms sweep time 1s()trace points()≤≤

The default number of trace points is 1001, so the maximum sweep time is normally 100 seconds. When coupling is disabled, the sweep time can be set from 56.3 ms to a maximum of 1000 seconds. If you change the number of trace points, the maximum sweep time changes as well.

3-16

Manually setting the sweep time turns coupling off.

Note

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Bandwidth/Sweep Menus

If the sweep time is set too fast, an play is no longer calibrated and that trace data may not meet specifications. Increase the sweep time until the slow, measurement times may be excessively long.

To turn repeat sweep on and off

Press the front-panel

Press the

Repeat Sweep

To perform a single sweep

Press the front-panel

Press the

Single Sweep

then stop.

When first turned on, the optical spectrum analyzer uses free run triggering with continuous sweeps. Free run triggering ensures evenly timed sweeps for a stable display of the current tuning range. Sweeps continuously repeat as long as trigger conditions are met. The of the optical spectrum analyzer is on when the sweep is in progress. The indicator is off between sweeps.

OVER SWEEP

message disappears. If the sweep time is set too

Bandwidth/Sweep

softkey to toggle this function ON or

Bandwidth/Sweep

message appears indicating the dis-

key.

OFF

key.

softkey. The instrument will perform a single sweep and

SWEEP

indicator light on the front panel

Note

Single sweep mode is especially useful when programming the instrument. Use single sweeps for the following reasons:

• Insure trace reflects current measurement range settings

• Capture traces before processing them with math commands

• Capture traces before positioning markers

3-17

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Bandwidth/Sweep Menus

To select the internal trigger

Press the front-panel

Press the

Internal triggering synchronizes the start of the sweep to an internally generated trigger signal. Internal triggering ensures continuously triggered sweeps with the shortest delay between sweeps.

To select a gated trigger

Press the front-panel

Press the

In some measurements, the spectrum at a particular time within the modulation period is more important than the average spectrum. Gated triggering can be used to synchronize the data acquisition portion of the OSA to a gating trigger connected to the rear-panel EXT TRIG IN connector. Gated triggering requires a TTL-compatible signal with a minimum of 0 Vdc and a maximum of +5 V.

Gated triggering is used to select data samples containing valid information. When the gating signal is high, the data sample is accepted. When the gating signal is low, the data sample is replaced by a data point with a value of –200 dBm. The sweep time must be long enough to get data for each wavelength point, or else the Max Hold function must be used to complete a trace over several sweeps.

Bandwidth/Sweep

More BW/Sweep Functions....

Trigger Mode....

Internal

softkey.

Bandwidth/Sweep

More BW/Sweep Functions....

Trigger Mode....

Gated

softkey.

key.

softkey.

key.

softkey.

3-18

To select an external trigger

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Bandwidth/Sweep Menus

To sele ct the

Press the front-panel

Press the

More BW/Sweep Functions....

Trigger Mode....

External

Bandwidth/Sweep

softkey.

key.

softkey.

External triggering synchronizes the sweep with a signal connected to the rear-panel

EXT TRIG IN

connector. External triggering requires a TTL-compatible signal with a minimum of 0 V and a maximum of +5 V. There is a time delay between the external trigger signal and the data measurement that is set by the Trigger Delay value.

trigger

ADC

Press the front-panel

Press the

Press either the

More BW/Sweep Functions....

Trigger Mode....

Bandwidth/Sweep

softkey.

ADC+, ADC–

, or

softkey.

ADC AC

key.

softkey.

The softkeys in the menu select the type of triggering for the analog-to-digital converter in the data acquisition hardware of the OSA. The

ADC+

gers the OSA on the rising edge of the external trigger signal, and the softkey triggers it on the falling edge. The

ADC AC

softkey alternately triggers on the rising and falling edge of the external trigger signal. The amplitude measured on opposite edges are subtracted and the absolute value of the result becomes the trace amplitude value. The delay between the external trigger and the triggering of the analog-to-digital converter is set by the trigger delay value.

softkey trig-

ADC–

3-19

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Bandwidth/Sweep Menus

To set the trigger delay

Press the front-panel

Press the

Use the knob, step keys or numeric entry pad to enter the desired value.

Use the

More BW/Sweep Functions....

Trigger Delay

the triggering of the analog-to-digital converter.

The value you select is displayed in the Active Function Area.

To select the synchronous output

Press the front-panel

Press the

More BW/Sweep Functions....

Sync Out

The synchronous output allows external equipment to receive a sync signal at each sample point of the OSA sweep. When

TTL LOW

. When specified, the signal will go goes low when the analog-to-digital converter is triggered. The width of the synchronous output pulse is equal to the trigger delay.

Bandwidth/Sweep

key.

softkey.

softkey to set the delay between the external trigger and

Bandwidth/Sweep

key.

softkey.

softkey until th e desired output is selected.

LOW

is selected, the signal will be a

HIGH

is selected, the signal will be a

HIGH

when the external trigger is recognized and

TTL HIGH

. When

PULSE

3-20

The Markers Menus

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Markers Menus

The Markers softkeys are accessed using the front-panel

Markers

key or the Measure menu Markers selection on the menu bar. If you wish to change marker settings, the following functions and setup panels are available:

Function See....

Active Marker.... “To select the active marker” on page 3-23

Marker Trace.... “To set the active trace” on page 3-23 (Marker key)

Marker Bandwidth.... “To set markers to measure bandwidth” on page 3-24

–3 dB, –6 dB, –10 dB, –20 dB Marker Bandwidth Off

Peak Search “To perform a peak search” on page 3-25

Marker to Center “To change the center wavelength with a marker” on

Marker to Reference Level “To change the reference level with a marker” on page 3-25

More Marker Functions....

Marker Search Menu....

Search Mode “To perform a peak search” on page 3-25

“To set markers to measure bandwidth” on page 3-24

“To perform a peak search using a marker” on page 3-24

page 3-24

“To perform a pit search” on page 3-26

Noise Marker “To set the noise marker function” on page 3-27

Delta Marker “To set the delta marker function” on page 3-28

Trace Integration “To calculate the total power under a trace” on page 3-28

Line Marker Menu....

Wavelength Marker 1 “To set the wavelength line markers” on page 3-28

3-21

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Markers Menus

Function See....

Wavelength Marker 2 “To set the wavelength line markers” on page 3-28

All Line Markers Off “To turn off all line makers and line marker functions” on

page 3-29

Advanced Line Marker Functions....

Sweep Limit “To sweep between line markers” on page 3-29

Search Limit “To search between line markers” on page 3-29

Integrate Limit “To integrate between line markers” on page 3-30

Marker Setup.... “To change the default marker settings” on page 3-30

3-22

Using the Marker functions

To select the active marker

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Markers Menus

Press the front-panel

Press the

Select the appropriate marker to activate, deactivate, or turn all markers off.

Selecting a marker always places that marker on the currently selected Active trace at the center wavelength. Turning a marker function that was on for that particular marker. When the marker is turned ON again, all the marker functions for that marker will be off.

To set the active trace

Press the front-panel

Press the

Select the trace to activate.

Press the front-panel

Press the

Select the trace to activate.

Note

Markers

Active Marker....

Markers

Active Trace....

Traces

Active Trace....

key.

softkey.

key.

softkey.

key.

softkey.

OFF

will turn off any marker

The active trace is designated by a double arrow (>>) on either the right or left side of the display.

3-23

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Markers Menus

To set markers to measure bandwidth

Press the front-panel

Select an active marker.

Place the marker on the peak of the signal to be measured by pressing the

softkey.

Press the

Select a pre-defined bandwidth or use the knob, step keys, or numeric entry

Marker BW....

Markers

softkey.

pad to enter the active marker bandwidth amplitude for the active marker.

If a peak search is not performed, then pressing the the bandwidth around the currently active marker. If the bandwidth markers cannot be placed at the selected value, an error message, such as “

found

” will be displayed.

To perform a peak search using a marker

Press the front-panel

Select an active marker.

Press the

PEAK SEARCH

Markers

softkey.

The active marker is placed on the highest point of the active trace. If no marker is ON, Marker #1 will be turned ON and placed on the highest point of the active trace.

key.

Marker BW....

PEAK

softkey finds

BW not

To change the center wavelength with a marker

Press the front-panel

Place a marker on the trace to be centered.

Press the

Marker to CENTER

Markers

softkey.

key.

The center wavelength is set to the wavelength value of the active marker.

3-24

To change the reference level with a marker

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Markers Menus

Press the front-panel

Place a marker on the trace at the level you want moved to the reference level position.

Press the

The reference level is set to the amplitude of the active marker.

To perform a peak search

Press the front-panel

Select an active marker.

Press the

Press the front-panel

Select an active marker.

Press the

Markers

key.

Marker to REF LEVEL

PEAK SEARCH

Markers

softkey.

Markers

softkey.

key.

More Marker Functions....

Marker Search Menu....

Search Mode....

Peak Search

softkey. Select from the following options:

softkey.

softkey and toggle to select Peak search mode.

softkey.

Next Peak Down

Places the marker on the next highest peak from the current marker amplitude. This next highest peak must meet the peak excursion and threshold criteria. If the specified marker is

OFF

, it will be turned ON, placed at the center

wavelength, and the search for the next maximum will begin from that point.

Next Peak Left

Places the marker on the next p eak located at a shorter wavelength than the current marker wavelength position. This next peak must meet the peak excursion and threshold criteria. If the specified marker is

OFF

, it will be turned ON, placed at the center wavelength, and the search to the left will begin from that point.

3-25

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Markers Menus

Next Peak Right

Places the marker on the next peak located at a longer wavelength than the current marker wavelength position. This next peak must meet the peak excursion and threshold criteria. If the specified marker is turned ON, placed at the center wavelength, and the search to the right will begin from that point.

Active Marker....

Turns a particular marker ON or marker function that was on for that particular marker. When the marker is turned ON again, all the marker functions for that marker will be off.

Note

For addition information on setting the peak and pit excursion criteria, see “Peak Excur-

sion” and “Pit Excursion” on page 3-32.

To perform a pit search

OFF

. Turning a marker

OFF

, it will be

OFF

will turn off any

Press the front-panel

Select an active marker.

Press the

More Marker Functions....

Marker Search Menu....

Search Mode....

Pit Search

Markers

key.

softkey.

softkey and toggle to select Pit search mode.

softkey. Select from the following options:

Next Pit Up

Places the marker on the next lowest pit from the current marker amplitude. This next highest pit must meet the peak excursion and threshold criteria. If the specified marker is

OFF

, it will be turned ON, placed at the center wave-

length, and the search for the next minimum will begin from that point.

Next Pit Left

Places the marker on the next pit located at a shorter wavelength than the current marker wavelength position. This next pit must meet the pit excursion and threshold criteria. If the specified marker is

OFF

, it will be turned ON, placed at the center wavelength, and the search to the left will begin from that point.

3-26

Next Pit Right

Places the marker on the next pit located at a longer wavelength than the current marker wavelength position. This next pit must meet the pit excursion and threshold criteria. If the specified marker is placed at the center wavelength, and the search to the right will begin from that point.

Active Marker....

Turns a particular marker ON or marker function that was on for that particular marker. When the marker is turned ON again, all the marker functions for that marker will be off.

Note

For addition information on setting the peak and pit excursion criteria, see “Peak Excur-

sion” and “Pit Excursion” on page 3-32.

To set the noise marker function

OFF

. Turning a marker

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Markers Menus

OFF

, it will be turned ON,

OFF

will turn off any

Press the front-panel

Select an active marker.

Press the

Toggle the noise marker ON or

More Marker Functions....

Noise Marker

Markers

softkey.

key.

softkey.

OFF

The noise marker measures the spectral power density at the position of the active marker. The measurement is referenced to a 0.1 nm or 1 nm resolution bandwidth. The reference bandwidth used to normalize the noise is selected on the Marker setup panel. See “To change the default marker settings” on

page 3-30 for additional information.

3-27

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Markers Menus

To set the delta marker function

Place the marker to be used as a reference on the desired trace and at the desired wavelength.

Press the front-panel

Press the

More Marker Functions....

Delta Marker

Markers

softkey.

To fix the position of the reference marker and activate the delta marker, toggle the delta marker ON. Use the front-panel knob or keypad to move the delta marker to the desired location. If the delta function is turned ON and no marker is active, Marker #1 will be turned ON, placed at the center wavelength, and the delta function will be turned ON.

To calculate the total power under a trace

Press the front-panel

Press the

Use the

More Marker Functions....

Trace Integ

Markers

softkey to turn trace integration on.

Only one total power calculation can be turned on at a time. For example, if a total power calculation is being performed on trace A, turning a total power calculation for trace B ON will turn the calculation for trace A

To set the wavelength line markers

Press the front-panel

Markers

key.

softkey.

key.

softkey.

key.

OFF

Press the

Position the line markers using the knob, step keys, or numeric entry pad.

More Marker Functions....

Line Marker Menu....

Wavelength Marker 1

softkey.

Wavelength Marker 2

softkey.

Line markers let you perform sweeps, searches and integrations over a reduced section of the selected wavelength range. Wavelength Marker 1 is always to the left of Wavelength Marker 2.

3-28

To turn off all line makers and line marker functions

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Markers Menus

Press the front-panel

Press the

More Marker Functions....

Line Marker Menu....

Line Markers Off

To sweep between line markers

Press the front-panel

Press the

Select and set Wavelength Marker 1 and 2 to the desired wavelength sweep

More Marker Functions....

Line Marker Menu....

limits.

Press the

Advanced Line Mkr Functions....

Sweep Limit

When the sweep limit is ON, the instrument will only sweep between Wavelength Marker 1 and Wavelength Marker 2.

To search between line markers

Markers

key.

softkey.

Markers

key.

softkey.

softkey to toggle this function ON or

OFF

Press the front-panel

Press the

Select and set Wavelength Marker 1 and 2 to the desired wavelength search

More Marker Functions....

Line Marker Menu....

Markers

key.

softkey.

limits.

Press the

Advanced Line Mkr Functions....

Sear ch Limit

softkey to toggle this function ON or

softkey.

OFF

When the search limit is ON, all the marker peak/pit searches will be between Wavelength Marker 1 and Wavelength Marker 2.

3-29

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Markers Menus

To integrate between line markers

Press the front-panel

Press the

Select and set Wavelength Marker 1 and 2 to the desired integration limits.

Press the A

Press the

More Marker Functions....

Line Marker Menu....

dvanced Line Mkr Functions

Integrate Limit

Turning the integration limit ON will calculate the power between Wavelength Marker 1 and Wavelength Marker 2 when the Trace Integration function in ON.

See “To calculate the total power under a trace” on page 3-28.

Note

Although there is a single range controlling the total power integration, the marker search range, and the wavelength sweep range, there are three independent state settings for limiting the total power integration, the marker search, and the wavelength sweep to the range.

To change the default marker settings

Press the front-panel

Markers

key.

softkey.

.... softkey.

softkey to toggle this function ON or

Markers

key.

OFF

Press the

The Marker Setup panel opens. Refer to “To Fill In a Setup Panel” on page 3-65

More Marker Functions....

Marker Setup....

softkey.

for information on changing and selecting it ems in the setup panel.

3-30

The Marker Setup panel

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Markers Menus

Setup panel select ions

Normal Marker Units

Sets the X-axis readout for frequency or wavelength when the instrument is in a non-zero span. This setting controls only the normal marker X-axis and the delta reference readout. This setting controls all four normal markers. The bandwidth and delta offset markers have their own settings.

Bandwidth Marker Units

Sets the bandwidth marker X-axis readout for frequency or wavelength when the instrument is in a non-zero span. The delta markers have their own setting. This setting controls all four bandwidth markers.

Delta Marker Units

Sets the delta marker X-axis readout for frequency or wavelength when the instrument is in a non-zero span. The bandwidth markers have their own setting. This setting controls all four delta markers.

Normal/Delta Marker Interpolation

Turns the normal/delta marker interpolation ON or

, the normal/delta markers will be placed at the exact wavelength or fre-

OFF

. When interpolation is

quency value selected if it is within the trace range. The marker will linearly interpolate between two trace data points. The default state is

OFF

This setting controls the interpolation state for all four markers when in the normal or delta mode.

3-31

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Markers Menus

Bandwidth Marker Interpolation

Turns the bandwidth marker interpolation ON or

, the bandwidth markers will be placed at the exact number of dB (NDB)

OFF

. When interpolation is

from the normal marker if within the trace range. The position of the marker will be linearly interpolated between two trace data points. The default state is

. If interpolate is

OFF

, for negative NDB values, the bandwidth markers will be at values closest to and more negative than the NDB value. For positive NDB values, the bandwidth markers will be at values closest to and more positive than the NDB values. This will typically result in a wider bandwidth measuremen t.

Peak Excursion

Sets the peak excursion value for the marker search routines.

Peak excursion criteria

The peak excursion value is used to determine whether or not a local maximum in the trace is to be considered a peak. To qualify as a peak, both sides of the local maximum must fall by at least the peak excursion value.

Pit Excursion

Sets the pit excursion value for the marker search routines.

Pit excur s io n criteria

The pit excursion value is used to determine whether or not a local minimum in the trace is to be considered a pit. To qualify as a pit, both sides of the local minimum must rise by at least the pit excursion value.

3-32

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Markers Menus

Use Marker Search Threshold

This limits the marker search function to data points above the selected threshold level.

Marker Search Threshold Value

Selects the amplitude threshold value used for limiting the marker search function. When Marker Search Threshold is ON, a dotted line is shown on the display at the threshold level.

Noise Marker Reference Bandwidth

Sets the normalization bandwidth for the noise marker. There are two allowable settings: 1 nm and 0.1 nm.

Note

Changing this value will change the value of the noise marker by 10 dB.

Peak Search at End of Each Sweep

Finds the peak value of the trace and moves the marker to the peak at the end of each sweep. This function operates on the active marker. This function operates on normal, delta, bandwidth and noise markers.

3-33

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Save/Recall Menus

The Save/Recall softkeys are accessed by using the front-panel

Save/Recall

key or the File menu Save/Recall selection on the menu bar. If you wish to change save or recall settings, the following functions are available:

Function See....

Save Menu.... “To save measurement and trace data” on page 3-35

Recall Menu.... “To recall measurement and trace data” on page 3-37

“To select a file from the catalog” on page 3-37

Delete Menu.... “To delete a file from internal memory or a floppy disk” on page 3-38

Format Floppy Disk.... “To format a floppy disk” on page 3-39

Backup/Restore Menu....

Backup Internal Memory “To backup or restore the internal memory” on page 3-39

Restore Internal Memory “To backup or restore the internal memory” on page 3-39

Fast Save “To save in Fast Save mode” on page 3-39

Fast Recall “To recall in Fast Recall mode” on page 3-39

3-34

Using the Save/Recall functions

To save measurement and trace data

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Save/Recall Menus

Setup panel select ions

Press the front-panel

Press the

The Save Setup panel opens. Refer to “To Fill In a Setup Panel” on page 3-65 for information on changing and selecting it ems in the setup panel.

The Save Setup panel

Save

Saves the measurement data in a binary format ( traces and all measurement conditions. When the file is recalled, the instrument state will be set to the same state as when the file was saved. The Trace(s) Only option creates an ASCII ( trace data will be displayed

“To display the OSA State information panel ” on page 3-47 for a description of

the OSA state information.

Save Menu....

Save/Recall

softkey.

key.

.dat

file). This includes the

.csv

) file. When the file is recalled, the

under the current instrument settings.

Refer to

Save Traces

Selects the traces to be saved.

Save Graphics

Saves graphic data when selected. The graphic data is stored in Computer Graphics Metafile (CGM) format. This is a vector graphics format that describes pictures and graphical elements in geometric terms. This selection is valid only when saving to the floppy drive.

3-35

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Save/Recall Menus

Save to

Selects saving data to a floppy disk or to internal memory.

File Name

Selects manual or automatic mode for choosing a file name.

When you are satisfied with your selections, press the

Choose File to Save

softkey.

The Filename Menu setup panel opens.

The Filename Menu setup panel

To enter a filename using the arrow keys

Use the front-panel step keys (⇑ and ⇓) and the arrow softkeys (→ and ←) to highlight each letter of the filename.

When the desired letter or function is selected, press the

Select the BackSpace function to delete individual letters.

Select the Clear Line function to delete the entire filename.

Select

softkey.

When you finish entering the filename, press the

SAVE FILE

softkey.

To enter a filename using a trackball or mouse

Use the pointing device to place the cursor on a letter of the filename. Click on the character to select it.

Click the BackSpace function to delete individual letters.

Click the Clear Line function to delete the entire filename.

When you finish entering the filename, click the

3-36

SAVE FILE

softkey.

To recall measurement and trace data

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Save/Recall Menus

Press the front-panel

Press the

The Recall Setup panel opens.

Recall Menu....

The Recall Menu setup panel

Setup panel select ions

Recall

Selects whether a measurement or trace will be recalled.

Recall From

Selects whether to recall from a floppy disk or from internal memory.

When you are satisfied with your selections, press the softkey. The Catalog panel opens. See “To select a file from the catalog” on

page 3-37.

To select a file from the catalog

Save/Recall

softkey.

key.

Choose File to Recall

Press the front-panel

Press the

Make the desired selections on the setup panel. Refer to “To Fill In a Setup

Recall Menu....

Choose File to Recall

Save/Recall

Delete Menu....

key.

softkey.

Choose File to Delete

softkey.

Panel” on page 3-65 for information on changing and selecting items in the

setup panel.

When you are satisfied with your selections, press

Enter

. The Catalog panel

opens.

3-37

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Save/Recall Menus

The Catalog setup panel

Use the arrow keys to highlight the n ext five previous file softkeys, or click on the desired filename using a trackball or mouse. Press

Enter

to recall or delete

the selected file.

To delete a file from internal memory or a floppy disk

Press the front-panel

Press the

Delete Menu....

Save/Recall

softkey.

key.

The Delete Setup panel

Setup panel select ions

Delete File From:

Selects whether to delete from a floppy disk or from internal memory.

Press the

Choose File to Delete

softkey to open the Catalog window. See “To

select a file from the catalog” on page 3-37 for information on selecting the file

to delete.

3-38

To format a floppy disk

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Save/Recall Menus

Press the front-panel

Press the

Format Floppy Disk....

Format

Save/Recall

softkey to format the 3.5 floppy disk. Press the

to stop the format action and return to the previous screen.

To backup or restore the internal memory

Save/Recall

Softkey panel select ions

Press the front-panel

Press the

Backup/Restore Menu....

Backup Internal Memory

An OSA Backup Utility screen appears asking you to insert a formatted floppy disk in the external drive.

Restore Internal Memory

An OSA Restore Utility screen appears. This operation will remove all files from internal memory and replace them with files from backup floppy disks.

To save in Fast Save mode

Press the front-panel

Save/Recall

key.

softkey.

key.

softkey.

key.

Cancel

softkey

Press the

The instrument saves the measurement to internal memory.

To reca ll in Fast Recall mode

Press the front-panel

Press the

The instrument recalls the measurement saved previously by the Fast Save function.

Fast SAVE

softkey.

Fast RECALL

Save/Recall

softkey.

key.

3-39

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The System Menus

The System softkeys are accessed using the front-panel

System

key or the Options menu System selection on the menu bar. If you wish to change system settings, the front-panel System key provides access to the following functions and setup panels:

Function See....

Help....

Show Critical Errors.... “To display notices, bandwidth errors, critical errors and

warnings” on page 3-42

Show BW Errors.... “To display notices, bandwidth errors, critical errors and

warnings” on page 3-42

Show Warnings.... “To display notices, bandwidth errors, critical errors and

warnings” on page 3-42

Show Notices.... “To display notices, bandwidth errors, critical errors and

warnings” on page 3-42

Revision.... “To display the firmware revision” on page 3-42

Set Title.... “To add a title to the display” on page 3-42

Display Setup.... “To change the display setup” on page 3-43

Printer Setup.... “To set up a printer” on page 3-44

Calibration....

Power Cal Setup.... “To perform a power calibration” on page 3-44

Wavelength Cal Setup.... “To perform a wavelength calibration” on page 3-45

Move Active Area “To move the active function area” on page 3-47

3-40

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The System Menus

Function See....

More System Functions....

OSA State.... “To display the OSA State information panel” on page 3-47

Active Panel “To display the Active Function Area” on page 3-48

Set Time/Date.... “To change the time and date” on page 3-48

Service Menu....

Power On State “To select the power-on state” on page 3-48

Factory Preset (IP) “To perform a factory preset (IP)” on page 3-49

Firmware Upgrade “To upgrade the firmware” on page 3-50

Adv Service Functions....

Zero Now “To zero the instrument” on page 3-50

Grating Order “To set the grating order mode” on page 3-51

Wavelength Limit “To set the wavelength limit” on page 3-51

More Adv Service

Functions....

TransZ 2-3 Lock “To set the TransZ 2 - 3 Lock” on page 3-52

Multi-Point Align “To set multi-point alignment” on page 3-52

OSA Extended

State....

Auto Measure Setup.... “To change the automeasure defaults” on page 3-53

Remote Setup.... “To set the HP-IB address” on page 3-55

“To display the OSA Extended State information panel” on page 3-53

3-41

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The System Menus

Using the System functions

To display notices, bandwidth errors, critical errors and warnings

Note

The Show Notices...., Show BW Errors...., Show Critical Errors...., and Show Warnings....

functions are only available if a notice, bandwidth error, critical error, or warning has been generated by the system. If no notices, bandwidth errors, critical errors, or warnings have been generated, these functions will be grayed out.

Press the front-panel

Press the

Press the S

Warnings....

critical error or warning. You can print the queue, clear the queue, or page up and down to view the in formation.

To display the firmware revision

Press the front-panel

Press the

Press the information.

To add a title to the display

Press the front-panel

Press the

Help....

how Notices...., Show BW Errors...., Show Critical Errors....

softkey. A window opens displaying the notice, bandwidth error,

Help....

Revision....

Set Title....

System

key.

softkey.

Show

System

key.

softkey.

softkey. A display appears showing the firmware revision

System

key.

softkey. The Title Setup panel appears.

3-42

The Title Setup panel

Refer to “To Fill In a Setup Panel” on page 3-65 for information on changing and selecting items in the setup panel.

To change the display setup

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The System Menus

Setup panel select ions

Press the front-panel

Press the

Display Setup....

System

key.

softkey. The Display Setup panel appears.

The Display Setup panel

HP Logo

When this function is ON, the HP logo is shown on the display and printouts.

Date/Time

Turns the date and time ON or

OFF

on the display.

Title

Turns the title ON or

OFF

on the display.

3-43

To set up a prin ter

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The System Menus

Active Function Area Assist

When this function is ON, the function set in the Active Function Area is automatically set to the first, or top, softkey function. For example, when you press the front-panel

Bandwidth/Sweep

key, the Active Function Area Assist function will set the Active Function Area to resolution bandwidth. This means you can immediately enter the desired resolution bandwidth. There is no need to press the

Res BW

softkey.

Press the front-panel

Press the

Printer Setup....

The Printer Setup panel

Setup panel select ions

Printer Location

Selects either the internal printer or an external printer as the print destination.

To perform a power calibration

Press the front-panel

Press the

Calibration....

Power Cal Setup....

System

key.

softkey. The Printer Setup panel appears.

System

key.

softkey.

softkey. The Power Calibration Setup panel appears.

The Power Calibration setup panel

3-44

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The System Menus

Setup panel select ions

Factory Pow er Cal Date

Shows the date of the last factory-performed power calibration.

User Power Cal Date

Shows the date of the last successful user-performed power calibration.

Set Calibration Power

This is the exact amplitude of the calibration source that will be used for the next power calibration. The power entered must be within +10 dB and –3 dB of the amplitude measured using the factory calibration.

Set Calibration Wavelength

This is the approximate wavelength of the calibration source that will be used for the next user power calibration. The wavelength entered must be within

2.5 nm of the wavelength measured using the factory calibration.

Enter the power and wavelength of the calibration signal.

Press the

Perform Calibration....

softkey.

Follow the on-screen instructions and then press

To perform a wavelength calibration

Press the front-panel

Press the

Calibration....

Wavelength Cal Setup....

panel appears.

System

softkey.

Execute Calibration

key.

softkey. The Wavelength Calibration Setup

3-45

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The System Menus

The Wavelength Calibration setup panel

Setup panel select ions

Factory Wave le ngth Cal Date

Shows the date of the last factory-performed wavelength calibration.

User Waveleng th Cal Date

Shows the date of the last successful user-performed wavelength calibration.

Signal Source

Select either an external single wavelength signal source or the internal calibrator as the wavelength calibration source.

Wavelength Referenced In (for external calibration source only)

Selects air or vacuum for the calibration. If the internal calibrator is selected, this selection will not be available.

Set Calibration Wavelength (for external calibration source only)

This is the exact wavelength of the calibration source that will be used for the next user wavelength calibration. The wavelength entered must be within

2.5 nm of the wavelength measured using the factory calibration. If the internal calibrator is selected, this selection will not be available.

If you are using an external calibration source, enter the signal source and wavelength of the calibration signal and whether the calibration is referenced in air or vacuum. If you are using an internal calibration source, continue with

Step 5.

3-46

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The System Menus

Press the

Follow the on-screen instructions and then press

Perform Calibration....

To move the active function area

Press the front-panel

Press the

Move Active Area

System

softkey. Each press of the softkey moves the active

function area to one of eight on-screen locations.

To display the OSA State information panel

Press the front-panel

Press the

More System Functions....

OSA State....

System

softkey.

key.

softkey.

Execute Calibration

The OSA State Information display panel opens and can be printed.

The OSA State information panel

3-47

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The System Menus

To display the Active Function Area

Press the front-panel

Press the

OFF

To change the time and date

NOTE

Changing the time, date, or time zone causes the instrument to reboot.

Press the front-panel

Press the

System

key.

More System Functions....

Active Panel

softkey to toggle the display of the Active Function Area

System

key.

More System Functions....

Set Time/Date....

softkey. The Time/Date Setup panel appears.

softkey.

Use the navigation keys to set the date, time and time zone that are correct for your location.

Press the

To select the power-on state

Press the front-panel

Press the

3-48

Set Time/Date

softkey when you are satisfied with your selections.

System

key.

More System Functions....

Service Menu....

Power On State

softkey.

softkey. Toggle to select IP or Last.

softkey.

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The System Menus

The IP function is the same as the front-panel the Preset conditions, see page 3-5. When Last is selected the instrument will power-on in the same state it was in when last powered-off.

To perform a factory preset (IP)

Press the front-panel

Press the

More System Functions....

Service Menu....

Factory Preset (IP)

The factory preset function restarts the instrument and sets it to the same states as the front-panel complete list of the preset conditions. In addition, it also sets the following functions.

Function Factory Preset Value

Wavelength functions

User wavelength calibration date None User wavelength calibration source None User wavelength calibration wavelength 0 nm Wavelength for next wavelength calibration 1150 nm Wavelength for next amplitude calibration 1150 nm User wavelength calibration correction Zero

Amplitude functions

User amplitude calibration date None User amplitude calibration source None User amplitude calibration wavelength 0 nm User amplitude calibration amplitude –300 dBm Amplitude for next amplitude calibration 0 dBm User amplitude calibration correction Zero

Auto Measure functions

Auto-Measure optimize sensitivity Off Auto-Measure auto span On Auto-Measure Manual span 10 nm Auto-Measure dB/div auto On Auto-Measure manual dB/division 10 dB/division

System

softkey.

Preset

key. For a complete list of

key.

softkey.

key. See “SYSTem:PRESet” on page 4-93 for a

3-49

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The System Menus

Function Factory Preset Value

Miscellaneous functions

Power-on in last state Off HP-IB address 23 Time display On HP logo display On Active function area assist On Active function area location Upper right Printer interface Internal

To upgrade the firmware

To upgrade the firmware you must have the firmware upgrade disk set from HP.

Press the front-panel

Press the

You are prompted for each disk in the firmware upgrade set. When the last disk has been copied, the instrument will finish the installation process and restart.

To zero the instrument

Press the front-panel

Press the

The Zero Now function causes the auto zero function to run immediately. This allows you to manually zero the instrument when the Auto Zero function is off. The dark current of the photodetector is measured one time, and then the resulting correction is applied to all subsequent measurements, for improved amplitude accurac y.

System

key.

More System Functions

Service Menu

.... softkey.

Firmware Upgrade

System

.... softkey.

key.

More System Functions....

Service Menu....

softkey.

Adv Service Functions....

Zero Now

softkey.

3-50

Note

The optical spectrum analyzer compensates for temperature-related current drift between each sweep. Although this “zeroing” increases amplitude accuracy, it increases the time between sweeps. If amplitude accuracy is not critical to your measurement, you can turn off zeroing. Refer to “Auto Zero” on page 3-12 for additional information.

The optical spectrum analyzer performs a more complete zeroing when the instrument is first turned on. You can run this more complete routine anytime by pressing the

softkey.

NOW

To set the grating order mode

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The System Menus

ZERO

Press the front-panel

Press the

Toggle between 1 and AUTO.

The Grating Order function lets you ch oose between 1st order grating only and the Automatic setting. The Automatic mode selects 2nd order mode if the stop wavelength is less than 900 nm. The 2nd order grating mode provides a slightly

higher measurement sensitivity. Note that the 10 nm resolution bandwidth is not available when using the 2nd order grating mode. The grating order is

listed in the OSA State Information. See “To display the OSA State information

panel” on page 3-47 for more i nformation.

To set the wavelength limit

Press the front-panel

Press the

System

key.

More System Functions....

Service Menu....

softkey.

Adv Service Functions....

Grating Order

softkey.

System

key.

More System Functions....

Service Menu....

softkey.

Press the

Adv Service Functions....

softkey.

3-51

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The System Menus

Press the range of 600 to 1700 nm. When this function is OSA can be tuned down to 350 nm, and the stop wavelength can be tuned up to 2000 nm.

Note

The performance of the OSA is not specified and the amplitude is not calibrated outside the 600–1700 nm range.

To set the TransZ 2 - 3 Lock

Press the front-panel

Press the

Setting the TransZ 2-3 Lock to ON prohibits the instrument from using a transimpedance gain higher than 10k ohms. This ensures that there is sufficient video bandwidth for making accurate pulsed measurements. This is useful for EDFA pulsed testing. The Preset state for TransZ 2-3 Lock is

Wavelength Limit

softkey. Toggle ON to limit the span to the specified

System

key.

More System Functions....

Service Menu....

Adv Service Functions....

softkey.

More Adv Service Menu....

TransZ 2 - 3 Lock

softkey.

OFF

, the start wavelength of the

OFF

To set multi-point alignment

Press the front-panel

Press the

Multi-Point Align is an advanced service function that requires a broadband white light source. This function is to be used by HP service personnel.

3-52

System

key.

More System Functions

Service Menu

Adv Service Functions

.... softkey.

More Adv Service Menu

Multi-Point Align

softkey.

.... softkey.

To display the OSA Extended State information panel

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The System Menus

Press the front-panel

Press the

More System Functions....

Service Menu....

Adv Service Functions....

More Adv Service Menu....

OSA Extended State....

System

softkey.

key.

softkey.

softkey. The OSA Extended State Information

panel is displayed and can be printed.

The OSA Extended State function provides information useful to HP service personnel.

To change the automeasure defaults

Press the front-panel

Press the

More System Functions....

Auto Measure Setup....

System

key.

softkey.

softkey. The Automeasure Setup panel appears.

3-53

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The System Menus

Use the arrow keys or the numeric entry pad to set the wavelength span manually or automatically. Refer to “To Fill In a Setup Panel” on page 3-65 for information on changing and selecting items in the setup panel.

Setup panel select ions

Span

This function selects the wavelength span for viewing the signal located by the auto measure function. If Auto is specified, the span is set wide enough to display most of the signal. If a particular span is desired, deselect Auto and put the desired span in the nm dialog box. The default selection for Span is Auto.

Note

If the span is set too narrow, the auto measure operation may not complete successfully. If this happens a warning message is displayed.

Scale/Div

The dB/div selection sets the vertical scale to be used after performing the auto measure function. If Auto is specified, the measurement function sets the vertical scale to a value based on the dynamic range of the signal. If a particular vertical scale is desired, deselect Auto and put the desired dB/div in the dB dialog box. The default selection for dB/div is Auto.

AutoMeas at Marker

Selecting the ON state for AutoMeas at Marker causes the auto measure function to perform its operation at the wavelength of the active marker. This allows you to measure a signal other than the largest one found in a full span sweep. The default selection for Automeasure at Marker is

OFF

Optimize Sensitivity

Selecting the ON state for Optimize Sensitivity causes the auto measure function to set the sensitivity so the resulting measurement has a minimal amount of noise. It does this by finding the minimum in the measurement trace and comparing this value to the known sensitivity of the instrument at that wavelength. Sensitivity is then reduced until the signal is close to this minimum sensitivity or the sweep time becomes too long. The Optimize Sensitivity function is useful when viewing high dynamic range signals. The drawback to turning this function ON is that it generally requires a longer sweep time to get better sensitivity. The default selection for Optimize Sensitivity: is

OFF

3-54

Note

None of the Automeasure Setup parameters are affected by the front-panel Preset key. They are not saved as part of the measurement setup.

To set the HP-IB address

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The System Menus

Setup panel select ions

Press the front-panel

Press the

The Current HPIB Address information shows the HP-IB address currently

More System Functions....

Remote Setup....

System

key.

softkey.

softkey. The Remote Setup panel appears.

being used. To change the address, use the numerical entry pad or knob to change the New HPIB Address information. Press the

Defaults

softkey to reset the address to factory preset defaults. Refer to “To Fill In a Setup Panel” on

page 3-65 for information on changing and selecting items in the setup panel.

Press the

Set HPIB Address

softkey if changes were made.

The Remote Setup panel

Current HPIB Address

Shows the HP-IB address currently being used.

New HPIB Address

Enter the new HP-IB address in the text box using the number keys or knob.

3-55

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Traces Menus

The Traces softkeys are accessed by using the front-panel

Traces

key or the Measure menu Traces selection on the menu bar. If you wish to change trace settings, the front-panel Traces key provides access to the following functions and setup panels:

Function See....

Active Trace.... “To set the active trace” on page 3-57

Update <trace> “To set the update function for the trace” on page 3-57

View <trace> “To set the display function for the trace” on page 3-57

Hold <trace>.... “To set the Hold.... function” on page 3-58

Trace Math....

Default Math Trace C.... “To set the trace math for trace C” on page 3-58

Default Math Trace F.... “To set the trace math for trace F” on page 3-59

Exchange Menu.... “To exchange both the X-axis and Y-axis data of two traces” on

page 3-59

All Math Off “To turn all math functions off” on page 3-59

Averaging.... “To set up averaging” on page 3-60

Trace Setup.... “To set the number of points in a sweep” on page 3-60

3-56

Using the Traces functions

To set the active trace

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Traces Menus

Press the front-panel

Press the

Use the arrow keys or knob to select the active trace.

Active Trace....

Traces

Press the front-panel

Press the

Use the arrow keys or knob to select the active trace.

Active Trace....

Markers

To put a marker on a trace, or to make changes to a trace, it must be the active trace. The active trace is designated by the double-arrows at either the left or right edge of the graticule.

To set the update function for the trace

Press the front-panel

Select the trace to be changed.

Press the

Use the arrow keys or knob to select ON or

Update <trace>

Traces

When ON, the trace always accepts data when data is available.

OFF

When

, the trace will not be updated.

key.

softkey.

key.

softkey.

key.

softkey.

OFF

To set the display function for the trace

Press the front-panel

Select the trace to be changed.

Press the

View <trace>

Traces

softkey to turn the display of the selected trace ON or

key.

OFF

3-57

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Traces Menus

To set the Hold.... function

Press the front-panel

Press the

Hold <trace>....

None turns the Hold function off.

The maximum hold function compares the current amplitude value of each point on a trace in the current sweep to the corresponding point detected during the previous sweep, then displays the maximum value.

The minimum hold function compares the current amplitude value of each point on a trace in the current sweep to the corresponding point detected during the previous sweep, then displays the minimum value.

Pressing the

Max/Min Reset

trace. Subsequent traces are accumulated in the hold sequence.

To set the trace math for trace C

Press the front-panel

Press the

Trace Math....

Default Math Trace C....

when the math operations are turned on. The result is placed in Trace C.

Select the appropriate softkey to define the math expression.

C=A

–B, C=A

LOG

Defines the math expression to be used and turns the math operation ON. The math operation is performed in linear units.

Traces

key.

softkey to select None, Min or Max.

softkey resets the hold function to the last acquired

Traces

key.

softkey.

softkey to define the math expression to be used

+B, C=A

LOG

–B, C=A

LIN

Trac e C Ma th O f f

Determines whether or not math processing is performed.

3-58

To set the trace math for trace F

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Traces Menus

Press the front-panel

Press the

Select the appropriate softkey to define the math expression.

F=C

Trace Math....

Default Math Trace F....

–D

LOG

Traces

key.

softkey.

softkey. The result is placed in trace F.

Defines the math expression to be used and turns the math operation ON. The math operation is performed in linear units.

Trac e F M a th Of f

Determines whether or not math processing is done.

To exchange both the X-axis and Y-axis data of two traces

Press the front-panel

Press the

Select the two traces to be exchanged for both the X- and Y-axis.

Trace Math....

Exchange Menu....

Traces

key.

softkey.

To turn all math functions off

Press the front-panel

Press the

Trace Math....

All Math Off

Traces

key.

softkey.

3-59

To set up averaging

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

The Traces Menus

Press the front-panel

Press the

Toggle averaging ON or

Averaging....

softkey.

number of measurements to be averaged.

Use the keys to select the number of measurements to be averaged. When the number of measurements taken is less than the count, the following formula is used to calculate the data:

If the number of measurements is greater than or equal to the count, the following formula is used to calculate the data:

New averag e

Averaging values other than those displayed can be entered by using the numeric keypad or the knob when the Avg Count active function area is displayed.

To set the number of points in a sweep

Press the front-panel

Press the

Trace Setup....

Traces

key.

OFF

. If averaging is on, softkeys appear to select the

sum of all measurements

AVG

Traces

--------------------------------------------------------------------- -=

number of measurements

count 1–

------------------------ last average

count

key.

new measurement

--------------------------------------------------+×=

softkey. The Trace Setup panel will appear.

count

The Trace Setup panel

Enter the desired sweep length in the setup panel. The minimum sweep length is three points. The maximum sweep lengt h is 10,001 points. Refer to “To Fill

In a Setup Panel” on page 3-65 for information on changing and selecting items

in the setup panel.

3-60

HP (Hewlett-Packard) 86140A User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

User’s Guide

General Safety Considerations

Contents

Setting Up the OSA

A Quick Tour

HP 86140/2 Front and Rear Panels

HP 86143/5 Front and Rear Panels

Optical Spectrum Analyzer Display

The Menu Bar

The Softkey Panels

The Amplitude menus

The Applications menus

The Bandwidth/Sweep menus

The Marker menus

The Save/Recall menus

The Systems menus

The Traces menus

The Wavelength menus

Tutorial: Getting Started

Changing the Printer Paper

Using the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

Front-Panel Keys

The Menus

The Amplitude Menus

Using the Amplitude functions

To change the reference level

To change the value of the vertical amplitude scale

To change the display mode between log and linear

To change the sensitivity

To set the reference level to the peak value

To change the default amplitude settings

The Bandwidth/Sweep Menus

Using the Bandwidth/Sweep functions

To change the resolution bandwidth

To change the video bandwidth

To change the sweep time

To turn repeat sweep on and off

To perform a single sweep

To select the internal trigger

To select a gated trigger

To select an external trigger

To set the trigger delay

To select the synchronous output

The Markers Menus

Using the Marker functions

To select the active marker

To set the active trace

To set markers to measure bandwidth

To perform a peak search using a marker

To change the center wavelength with a marker

To change the reference level with a marker

To perform a peak search

To perform a pit search

To set the noise marker function

To set the delta marker function

To calculate the total power under a trace

To set the wavelength line markers

To turn off all line makers and line marker functions

To sweep between line markers

To search between line markers

To integrate between line markers

To change the default marker settings

The Save/Recall Menus

Using the Save/Recall functions

To save measurement and trace data

To recall measurement and trace data

To select a file from the catalog

To delete a file from internal memory or a floppy disk

To format a floppy disk

To backup or restore the internal memory

To save in Fast Save mode

To reca ll in Fast Recall mode

The System Menus

Using the System functions

To display notices, bandwidth errors, critical errors and warnings

To display the firmware revision