How it Works
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8566B
Service Manual
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schematic
537 pgs6.51 Mb0
Installation Manual
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HP 8566b schematic

Notice
Hewlett-Packard to Agilent Technologies Transition
This documentation supports a product that previously shipped under the Hewlett­Packard company brand name. The brand name has now been changed to Agilent Technologies. The two products are functionally identical, only our name has changed. The document still includes references to Hewlett-Packard products, some of which have been transitioned to Agilent Technologies.
Printed in USA March 2000
Section I
Manual Operation
Chapter 1 -GETTING STARTED Chapter 2 - DATA Chapter 3 - FUNCTION Chapter 4 - CRT Chapter 5 - TRACE Chapter 6 - MARKER Chapter 7 ­Chapter 8 - COUPLED FUNCTION
Chapter 9 ­Chapter 10 - INSTRUMENT STATE Chapter 1 1 - SHIFT Chapter 12 - USER Chapter 13 - PLOTTER OUTPUT
SCALE SWEEP
DISPLAY
AND
AND TRIGGER
KEY
DEFINED
REFERENCE LINE
FUNCTIONS
KEYS

GENERAL INFORMATION

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
GENERAL INFORMATION
The HP 8566B is a high-performance spectrum analyzer which operates from 100 Hz to 2.5 GHz in the low frequency band and 2 - 22 frequency tuning and an internal micro-computer to automate controls and provide useful operating features.
GHz
in the preselected microwave band. It uses a synthesized LO to provide accurate
HP 8566B SPECTRUM ANALYZER
The HP 8566B consists of an 85662A Display Section and an 85660B RF Section. Connect the two sections
along with the inter-connection cables as shown in the illustration below.
Connect interconnection cables as shown:
Line Module
85662A
Display Section
85660B
RF Section
Line Module.
Interconnect Cable Interconnect Cable
I
(85662-60093)
\
(85662-60094)
HP-IB
Connector
REAR PANEL CONNECTIONS
Manual Operation 1

INITIAL POWER ON

CAUTION
GENERAL INFORMATION
Before connecting the line power cords, make sure the appropriate line voltage and
line fuse have been selected for both the RF and Display sections of the analyzer. For complete information on line voltage and fuse selection, refer to the HP 8566B Opera­tor’s Handbook. For information on line power cords for a specific country, contact the nearest Hewlett-Packard office.
INITIAL POWER ON
After making the AC power line connections, the STANDBY lights of both the RF and Display section should be
on. As long as the instrument is operating (LINE ON) or in STANDBY, the accuracy specifications of the internal frequency standard will be met. After a cold start, such as on-receipt of instrument, the analyzer requires 24 hours to stabilize prior to meeting specified performance.
INSTR
LINE ON AND STANDBY
CHECK LED
Upon LINE ON, the instrument will perform an automatic internal instrument check. If one or both of the red instrument check lights (INST CHECK I and II) remain on after this brief check routine, refer to the chart below to localize the problem.
LED On
I
II

Calibration

Problem
Digital Storage failure in 85662A
Interface Failure
Controller
(A15)
Check bus interconnect cable (85662-60094) Check bus interconnect cable (85662-60094)
and check if Al2 board is connected tightly Check if Al5 is connected tightly in 85660B
and that contacts are clean.
Solution
In order to meet specified frequency and amplitude accuracy, the analyzer’s calibration must be checked periodi­cally to ensure the highest performance.
2 Manual Operation

CRT DISPLAY

5.
Maximize amplitude response with FREQ ZERO adjustment.

Error Correction Routine

A 30 second internal error correction routine minimizes uncertainties due to control changes in the analyzer. To start the routine, press
A “CORR’D” readout will appear on the left edge of the CRT upon completion of this routine. If the message “Adjust AMPTD CAL” appears in the display, repeat the manual calibration before running the error correction
routine again.
(,,,,,
W
(%?I.
GENERAL INFORMATION
CRT DISPLAY
The analyzer’s CRT display presents the signal response trace and all pertinent measurement data. The active
function area names the function under DATA control and shows the function values as they are changed. All the
information necessary to scale and reference the graticule is provided.
MARKER
Reference User display
level
annotation amplitude
frequency
Active
function
readout
/
Center Resolution
frequency
’
-
11
PF’:
BW 1
L/
bandwidth
LHX
YBW
100
I
Video
bandwidth
bun
17.wa
ass
4
CIHX
,TRACE
/TRACE
Internally
’
generated
graticule
HZ
Sweep time
span
A
B

PLOTTER OUTPUT

The trace data, graticule, and annotation on the analyzer’s screen can be directly output via HP-IB to a Packard plotter (such as the HP front pane1 of the analyzer.
4 Manual Operation
7245A/B,
7240A, 7470A, or 9872C) by pressing the LOWER LEFT key on the
Hewlett-
GENERAL INFORMATION

FRONT PANEL OVERVIEW

FRONT PANEL
OVERVI
IEW

Control Groups

1
CRT DISPLAY:
2
TRACE: 3 REFERENCE LINE: 4 SCALE:
5 KEY FUNCTION:
6 SWEEP and TRIGGER: 7
RFINPUT:
8
DATA/FUNCTION: 9
CAL OUTPUT:
10
MARKER:
11
COUPLED FUNCTION:
12
INSTRUMENT STATE:
13 LINE ON &STANDBY: 14
REORDER/PLOTTER
FUNCTIONS:
Signal response and analyzer settings
Control of signal response display Measurement and display aids Selects logarithmic or linear amplitude scale Access to special functions Selects trace update trigger
100 Hz to 22 GHz ( + 30 dBm max. power) Fundamental analyzer control Calibration signal Movable bright dot markers for direct frequency and amplitude readout Maintenance of absolute amplitude and frequency calibration by automati­cally selecting certain analyzer control settings Local
(1~1)
select key, SAVE and RECALL keys and FULL SPAN keys
Powers instrument and performs instrument check Controls output to recorder or HP-IB controlled plotter
Manual Operation 5
REAR PANEL OUTPUTS

Frequency Reference Input/Output

GENERAL INFORMATION
To lock the spectrum analyzer to an external frequency reference, set the FREQ REFERENCE switch to
EXT.
Analyzer performance will be degraded unless frequency reference phase noise and spurious signals are < - 140
dBc single sideband (1 Hz) referred to 10 MHz at a 100 Hz to 10
the spectrum analyzer internal frequency reference, set the FREQ REFERENCE switch to
Frequency Reference
Input/Output
kHz
offset. To lock another spectrum analyzer to
INT
Input/Output
External Frequency Reference Requirements:
Frequency: 5 MHz & 50 Hz
or
EXT INT
Power: 0 to 10 dBm
Input Impedance:
10 MHz ? 100 Hz
5Of2
nominal
Internal Frequency Reference Characteristics.
Frequency: 10 MHz
Power: 0 dBm
Output
impedance: 5OQ

HP-IB Input Output Connector

The Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus allows remote operation of the analyzer as well as input and output of mea­surement data. See Section II of this manual.

IF and Video Connectors

The IF and Video connectors allow the 85650A Quasi-Peak Adapter to be used with the analyzer for
EM1
measurements
NOTE
When the Quasi-Peak Adapter is disconnected from the analyzer, make sure the IF INP connector connects to the IF OUT connector with one short BNC cable, and VIDEO INP connector connects to the VIDEO OUT connector with the other short BNC cable. Failure to connect the BNC cables will result in a loss of signal.
8 Manual Operation
MAKING A MEASUREMENT
0- 2.5 GHz or 2 -22 GHz’ frequency span. Both
keys preset all the analyzer functions to automatically maintain a calibrated display during the course of the measurement.

Example

Connect the CAL OUTPUT signal to RF INPUT
Press
l%J
This presets the analyzer to a full 0- 2.5 GHz span with 0 dBm Reference level and automatically couples
al1
secondary receiver functions.
,,
e&c 0.0 d&n .Tllh
:3
&I
T
GE-l-l-ING
10
de
--_.
_
-.' t -- --' -.'
--
-.
t--
i-
STARTED
'--
--
---
and use the knob
or the numeric keyboard to t
quency
to 100 MHz. Note that the activated FUNC­TION (CENTER FREQUENCY) appears on the CRT graticule field.
Press
bl
$6
(91
or numeric keyboard to reduce the frequency
to 100
and use the knob
kHz.
, step keys
@
‘The
I’;:]
key is also activated with LINE ON.
12 Manual Operation
/
FREQUENCY
GETTING STARTED

DIRECT FREQUENCY AND AMPLITUDE READOUT

and use the knob 0, step keys
or numeric keyboard to position the peak of the
signal on the top graticule line.
The frequency and amplitude of the signal are read out from the graticule border. All secondary analyzer functions (resolution bandwidth, video bandwidth, sweep time, and attenuation) were automatically adjusted to maintain a
fully calibrated display. The coupled functions can also be uncoupled to allow manual operation.
For instance, to manually control the resolution bandwidth, press (::‘1 and change bandwidth with any combina-
tion of DATA control. The above also applies to I’:“:“) , @ ,
c)
0
.-. -.
LEVEL
.-
lzxrEu a...e.. m*
[,,,.)
, or
Pf5
ml 1
[‘::::‘1
I1 I I I
.“I
wn 3 L”,
SW’
I1
1..
5pbN
3ae
Il..=
DIRECT FREQUENCY AND AMPLITUDE READOUT
.“I
Markers can be used to quickly identify signal frequency and measure signal separation or amplitude differences.
Activate a marker 02 the display with NORMAL. Tune marker with 0 . tude of the signal are read out with the marker.
To measure the harmonic(s) of the signal, press A and tune the second marker to the signal’s harmonic. The frequency separation and amplitude difference are read out.
The frequency and ampli-
amplitudes
-delta
(A) markers are available to
SAVE/RECALL GETTING STARTED

SAVE/RECALL

The HP 8566B instrument control settings can be saved in an internal memory and later recalled to make a measurement.

SHIFT KEYS

In addition to the front panel functions listed on the keys, another set of functions can be assigned to the same keys by pressing the blue B key prior to activating a front panel key. These will be covered in more detail in Chapter
11.
[/
[I(c1111 m
to
0
6
provide access to the six internal storage registers.

AUTOMATIC MEASUREMENTS

The HP 8566B is fully programmable via the Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus (HP-IB) -HP’s implementation of IEEE STD 488-1975. Internationally, HP-IB is in concert with the IEC main interface document.
A computing controller/calculator can be used with the HP 8566B to configure an automatic measurement system. Just as the analyzer’s front panel is keyed manually to control functions and change values, simple program codes are transmitted via the HP-IB with a controller to make measurements automatically These pro­gram codes are listed in the Remote Operation section of the instrument pull-cards.
Detailed information on remote operation is found in Section II of this manual.
14 Manual Operation
DATA

DATA CONTROLS

CHAPTER 2
DATA

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

DATA controls are used to change function values for functions such as center frequency, start frequency, resolu-
tion bandwidth, or marker position.
DATA CONTROLS
The DATA controls are clustered about the FUNCTION keys which “call up” or activate the most frequently used
spectrum analyzer control functions: center frequency, frequency span (or start/stop frequency), and reference
level. The other functions that accept DATA control are shown below:

FRONT PANEL FUNCTIONS USING DATA CONTROLS

To the left of the FUNCTION Keys are the Data knob 0 and the DATA STEP keys to make incremental changes to the activated function. To the right of the FUNCTION keys is the DATA number/
units keyboard which allows changes to an exact value.
@ @
, which are used
Manual Operation 15

DATA ENTRY READOUT

The DATA controls will change the activated function in a manner prescribed by that function. For example, center frequency can be changed continuously with the DATA knob 0 , with the DATA STEP keys @ a , width, which can be set only to discrete values, can still be changed with any of the DATA controls. The DATA knob 0 and DATA STEP keys 13
from the number/units keyboard which may not coincide with an allowable bandwidth will select the nearest bandwidth.
or set exactly with the DATA number/units keyboard. Resolution band-
61
increment the setting from one bandwidth to the next. An entry
or in steps proportional to the frequency span
DATA
DATA ENTRY READOUT
DATA entries are read from the CRT display as they are changed.

PREVENTING DATA ENTRY

A function can be deactivated by pressing m . The active function readout is blanked and the ENABLED light goes out, indicating no DATA entry can be made. Pressing a function key re-enables the DATA controls.

DATA KNOB

The DATA knob 0 11a ows the continuous change of center frequency, frequency span (or start/stop frequen­cies), reference level, marker positions, display line, and threshold. It can also change the function values which are only incremented.
Clockwise rotation of the DATA knob will increase the function value. For continuous changes, the knob’s sensitiv­ity is determined by the measurement range and the speed at which the knob is turned. For example, when the center frequency is activated, one quarter turn.
increases the value of the center frequency one horizontal division of span per
0

DATA STEP KEYS

The DATA STEP keys allow rapid increase @ or decrease
dependent either upon the analyzer’s measurements range, on a preset amount, fixed values, the next value in a sequence. Examples: Activate center frequency and frequency value by an amount equal to one division of the frequency span (one tenth of the frequency span). If the center frequency step size m has amount. If frequency span were activated, sequence. Activate resolution bandwidth
single step,
16 Manual Operation
hen
10)
and [&
preset,
would change the span to the next lower value in predetermined
~
will select the next widest bandwidth.
--I
2)
of the active function value. The step size is
r
or,
for those parameters with
will increase the center
6
0
will increase the center frequency by that preset
El
Each press results in a
DATA DATA NUMBER/UNITS KEYBOARD

DATA NUMBER/UNITS KEYBOARD

The DATA number/units keyboard (or DATA keyboard) allows exact value entries to center frequency, frequency span (or start/stop frequency), reference level, log scale, marker positions, display line, threshold, and the COUP­LED FUNCTIONS.
An activated parameter is changed by entering the number (with the CRT display providing a readout) then selecting the appropriate units key. The value is not changed (entered) until the units key is pressed.
l
.
The number portion of the entry may include a decimal, number. Corrections to number entries are made with
Example: With center frequency activated,
(TJ-Jp-JJQ[Z][Z]~@
0
0
:::,:
If not, the decimal is understood at the end of the
,
which erases the last digit for each press.
will set the center frequency to 1.250
If the units key were pressed without a number entry, 1 is entered (except in zero frequency span).

Negative DATA Entry

Negative entries from the number units keyboard can be made for power and frequency but not time and voltage.
Negative power entries can be made using -Z . The “ - dBm” key will enter - dBm, - dBmV or - dBpV For example, in reference level, with the dBmV units, an entry of
Negative frequency entries can be made using
as a prefix to the frequency entry For example, to enter a negative start frequency, press
p-J(TJ(TJ@~
Not all functions will accept negative entries (the sign will be ignored).
This enters the frequency value as - 100 MHz.
GHz.
““I
0
will enter - 50 dBmV
m-m
z; (g-m
0

MULTIPLE DATA CHANGES

A function, once activated, may be changed as often as necessary without reactivating that function (see Chapter 3, FUNCTION). Any of the DATA controls can be used in any order. l
It is not always necessary to make a DATA entry. For example, start and stop frequency may be activated simply to allow readout of the left and right display reference frequencies as start/stop frequencies.
l Exceptions are the SHIFT KEY FUNCTIONS which use only DATA number/units keyboard. See Chapter 11.
Manual Operation 17
FUNCTION GENERAL DESCRIPTION
CHAPTER 3
FUNCTION

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

This chapter describes the use of the major function block- CENTER FREQUENCY FREQUENCY SPAN (or START/STOP FREQUENCY), and REFERENCE LEVEL.
NCTION -
A FUNCTION is enabled by pressing the desired FUNCTION key Once enabled, the function, along with its current data value, is displayed in the active graticule area of the CRT as well as outside the graticule border. To change the value of the active function, use either the DATA knob, step keys, numeric keyboard, or a combination of all three. The HOLD key above the DATA knob can be used to retain the present instrument state and prevent any inadvertent entry of DATA. HOLD clears the active function area of the CRT as well as de-activates any
function.
Active
Function
Frequency
Span
Manual Operation
19

CENTER FREQUENCY

CENTER FREQUENCY
FUNCTION
The center frequency can be tuned continuously from 0 to 22 Additional band overlap enables the center frequency to tune up to 24 GHz and below to - 1
The center frequency can be set with 1 Hz resolution. Readout resolution is 1% of the frequency span, hence the highest readout resolution is obtained with narrow frequency spans. Data entered, however, is always accurate to
1 Hz even though the center frequency readout may display less resolution.
During band crossings (from 0 - 2.5 or above 22 Appendix for detailed information.)

DATA Entry with CENTER FREQUENCY

[-iEz]
GHz),
(EC)
. . . .
#I
the frequency span may change to enable the desired center frequency to be set. (See
@@
GHz
low band to 2 - 22
Changes the center frequency by about one half the total frequency span each full turn.
Changes the center frequency by one tenth of the frequency span, i.e., by one division. COUPLED FUNCTION size.
Allows direct center frequency entry. The analyzer will accept a center fre­quency entry with 1 Hz resolution. Even though the readout may show a fewer number of digits (due to wide frequency span), as the span is nar­rowed the full entry will be read out. Abbreviated readouts are not rounded.
GHz
using any combination of DATA controls.
GHz.
GHz
microwave band) or at band edges (below 0 Hz
[‘::::‘I
can be used to change this step

Example

Once a signal response is placed at the center of the display, the frequency of the signal can be read out from CENTER FREQUENCY The input signal is a 9 GHz synthesized source.
Press
1’6::)
for a full span display.
20 Manual Operation
Tune signal to center of display with
. . .
L
b -
I. *
.-I.*
! ! ! ! ! 1
(-ZZ)~.
FUNCTION
Reducing the frequency span will increase the center
frequency readout resolution.
Press
then
[Fj
(x]
@
@

FREQUENCY SPAN

FREQUENCY SPAN
The frequency span changes the total display frequency range symmetrically about the center frequency. Note that the frequency span readout refers to the total display frequency range; to determine frequency span per division,
divide by 10.
As the frequency span is changed, resolution bandwidth and video bandwidth automatically change to provide a predetermined level of resolution and noise averaging, respectively. Sweep time also changes automatically to maintain a calibrated display.
The analyzer can be adjusted to span a maximum of 2.5 GHz in the low band and 22 GHz (2 to 24 the microwave band. A minimum span of 100 Hz is allowed in both bands as well as 0 Hz (zero span) which enables the analyzer to function as a fixed-tune receiver. In zero span, the analyzer can display modulation waveforms in the time domain.

DATA Entry with FREQUENCY SPAN

Changes the frequency span continuously.
GHz
range) in
Changes the frequency span to the next value in a 1,
2,5,
10 sequence.
Enters an exact value up to three digits, depending on span. Additional
digits will be deleted without rounding.
Manual Operation 21
I
FUNCTION
FREQUENCY SPAN

Example

Operating the spectrum analyzer in zero span. The modulation waveform of an AM signal can be displayed in the time domain.
In the frequency domain, we can accurately deter­mine the modulation frequency and level.
I
I
I
I I I I
I.1
I” I
To demodulate the AM, increase the resolution band-
width to include both sidebands with the IF passband.
L-E-@@
Position the signal at the reference level and select a linear voltage display
(G&ii)gFJ
fi
SCALE.
Manual Operation
23
START/STOP FREQUENCY FUNCTION
I/h
iii
To select zero span, press Video trigger can be used to trigger on the waveform. The sweep time control can be adjusted to change the horizontal scale.
[F)
m
a

START/STOP FREQUENCY

Another way to adjust the frequency range is by using START/STOP FREQUENCY instead of CENTER FRE­QUENCY and FREQUENCY SPAN. Activating START FREQ or STOP FREQ causes both to read out in place of CENTER FREQUENCY and SPAN on the CRT START FREQ sets the left graticule frequency and STOP FREQ
sets the right graticule frequency; both are mutually exclusive with CENTER FREQUENCY and FREQUENCY SPAN.
The INSTRUMENT STATE keys, w and m , select a start/stop frequency from 0 to 2.5 GHz and 2 to 22
GHz,
respectively. Additional over-range allows start frequency setting of - 1
The maximum start/stop frequency span allowable is 22
(START FREQ = STOP FREQ) .
GHz;
the minimum span is 100 Hz and zero span
GHz
and stop frequency of 24
GHz.
Start/Stop frequency readout resolution is 1% of the span (span = stop frequency - start frequency). Both start or stop frequencies can be entered with 1 Hz resolution.

DATA Entry with START/STOP Frequency

Changes the start or stop frequency. The amount of change per turn is a
constant percentage of the frequency span.
or
Changes the frequency by one tenth of the total frequency span.
Exact start or stop frequencies can be entered. The number of digits read out
depends upon the frequency span.
24 Manual Operation
REFERENCE LEVEL

DATA Entry with REFERENCE LEVEL

In logarithmic scale, the changes are in 0.1 dB steps: in linear scale, the changes are made to the least significant digit.
FUNCTION
pi?-)
pJ@
In logarithmic scale, changes the reference level in steps according to
division scale. In linear scale, changes the reference level in 1 dB steps.
Allows entry of exact reference levels. Digits entered beyond the displayed number of digits are deleted.

Example

Measure amplitude of calibration signal.
Press
@
(-E]
100 MHz
dB/
[ “%?)
To measure signal amplitude, press
and
position signal peak to top graticule line. Read ampli­tude from REF LEVEL.
26 Manual Operation
; ,
i
i
i
\
FUNCTION

FUNCTION/DATA SUMMARY

FUNCTION/DATA SUMMARY
CENTER
FREQUENCY
KNOB
Change continuously with up to 1 Hz
reso-
lution in narrow
0
STEP KEYS
spans.
Change frequency in one division steps
(i.e., 10% of fre- 5, 10 sequence.
@I@
NUMERIC
KEYBOARD Enter exact fre-
: t:: 1:::
rDJUSTMENT
RANGE
quency span).
quency with up to 1 Hz resolution.
-
1.000000000
:03.999999950
GHz
GHz. a
FREQUENCY
SPAN
m _
1 to
2.5 GHz
2 to 24
GHz
START/STOP
FREQUENCY
Change continuously
a
with n x 2 Hz resolu-
tion
*
- Change span in ” 2’
Enter
*
quency with n x 2 Hz
exact
fre- level. Digits entered
resolution *
m
100 Hz to 22 GHz and zero span.
106::
100 Hz to 2.5 GHz and zero span.
REFERENCE
LEVEL
Continuous with 0.1
dB tuning resolution.
Incremental change
in accordance with
log scale. In linear, changes incremen­tally in 1 dB steps.
Enter exact reference
beyond last displayed digit are deleted.
-
139.9
dBm
to
+60dBm.
READOUT
tESOLUTlON span),
* where n = harmomc number
1% of SPAN (Up to 1 Hz in narrow
0.1 dB in log; 4
c
nificant digits in lin-
ear.
sig-
Manual Operation 27
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