Honeywell KLN 94 User Manual
N
Pilot’s Guide
KLN 94
Bendix/King
GPS Navigation System
ORS 01, 02 and 03
®
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COPYRIGHT NOTICE
Copyright ©2000-2002 Honeywell International Inc. All rights reserved.
Reproduction of this publication or any portion thereof by any means without the
express written permission of Honeywell International Inc. is prohibited. For further information contact the Manager, Technical Publications; Honeywell; One
Technology Center; 23500 West 105th Street; Olathe, Kansas 66061.
Telephone: (913) 782-0400.
KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide
006-18207-0000
Operational Revision Status
ORS 01, 02 and 03
July 2002
The ORS level is annunciated on the Turn-on page each time power is
applied to the KLN 94 (see figure 3-3). Features limited to specific ORS
levels are so designated in the text of this manual. The operational differences between ORS levels are described below.
ORS 02: Operational characteristics are similar to ORS 01 with the exception of the following primary differences:
(1) Enhanced waypoint scanning on the Nav 4 map page encircles the way-
point whose identifier is contained in the waypoint scan field. In addition,
pressing the ENT button brings up the waypoint page for the selected
waypoint. See section 3.11.4.11.
(2) Procedure turns and holding patterns associated with approaches, DPs,
and STARs are displayed on the map. See section 3.11.4.12.
(3) New airport map icons now distinguish between airports having hard sur-
face runways vs. soft surface runways and show the orientation of the
longest runway if available. See section 3.11.4.7.
(4) New highway map icons are used for the Atlantic International and
Pacific International databases. See section 3.11.4.7.
(5) There is a new message that appears if the database card is removed
while the KLN 94 is operational. See Appendix B.
(6) The default value for intersections has been changed from 2NM to OFF
on the SET 7 page.
(7) A software problem was fixed which now allows updating of the
Aeronautical database with a computer via diskettes or the Internet. See
sections 2.4.1 and 2.4.2.
(8) The Database page has been modified to display the region for the Land
database. See section 3.2.
(9) Approaches which have the format of “RNAV # 18L” can now be acco-
modated. The “#” is a letter
one approach of a given type (i.e. RNAV) to the same runway. This format has been adopted by the FAA and other international aviation
agencies.
Example 1: There could be RNAV Y 18L and RNAV Z 18L
approaches at the same airport.
Example 2: There could be RNAV 1 09L and RNAV 2 09L
approaches at the same airport
ORS 03: Operational characteristics are similar to ORS 02 with the exception that Special Use Airspace inner rings may be displayed on the Nav 4
map page. See section 3.11.4.4.
or number that designates there is more than
NOTE: A white border is used around
data on some of the figures in this Pilot's
Guide to indicate that the data inside the
border is flashing.
WARNING: The KLN 94 displays GPS-derived altitude on the AUX 1
page. Due to many factors, GPS altitude may typically be several
hundred feet in error. Do not use the GPS-derived altitude for navigation.
IMPORTANT: Special installation procedures must be followed in order
for the KLN 94 to be certified for IFR En route, Terminal and Non-precision
Approach use. If these procedures are followed, the KLN 94 can be used
for IFR use. Consult the aircraft’s KLN 94 Flight Manual Supplement for
the operating limitations of this unit.
IMPORTANT: The KLN 94 has two software configuration numbers, one
for the boot software and one for the application software. It may be useful
for you to obtain these software configuration numbers to aid maintenance
personnel if service is required on your KLN 94. The boot software configuration number is displayed on a label located on the KLN 94’s top cover.
The bottom of the label reads “BOOT SOFTWARE MOD” followed by the
four digit configuration number. The application software configuration
number is available on the top line of the Auxiliary (AUX) 14 page. It reads
“SW REVISION” followed by a four digit configuration number. These software configuration numbers should have been recorded in the aircraft’s
logbook at the time of KLN 94 installation or time of a later software
update.
Revision History and Instructions
Manual KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide
Revision 2, July 2002
Part Number 006-18207-0000
This revision incorprates software changes for ORS 03.
R-1
Revision History and Instructions
Manual KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide
Revision 1, March 2001
Part Number 006-18207-0000
This revision incorprates software changes for ORS 02.
R-2
Revision History and Instructions
Manual KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide
Revision 0, September 2000
Part Number 006-18207-0000
This is the original version of this publication.
R-3
This page intentionally left blank.
R-4
KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................i
KLN 94 SNEAK PREVIEW ...............................................................ii
HOW-TO INDEX ..........................................................................iv
1. KLN 94 System Components ..................................................1-1
2. Database ........................................................................2-1
2.1. Functions of the Database ................................................2-1
2.2. Database Contents and Coverage Areas .........................2-1
2.3. ICAO Identifiers .................................................................2-4
2.4. Updating the Database .....................................................2-4
2.4.1. Computer Updating of the Database (diskettes) ...2-6
2.4.2. Computer Updating of the Database (internet) ......2-8
2.4.3. Card Exchange Updating of the Database ............2-8
2.5. User Defined Database .....................................................2-9
2.6. Database Update Service Options ...................................2-9
3. Basic GPS Operation ................................................................3-1
3.1. Coverage Area ..................................................................3-1
3.2. Turn-on and Self Test .......................................................3-1
3.3. Display Format ..................................................................3-9
3.4. Basic Operation of Panel Controls ..................................3-12
3.4.1. Page Selection ......................................................3-12
3.4.2. Data Entry ..............................................................3-14
3.4.3. The Duplicate Waypoint Page ..............................3-16
3.5. Message Page ................................................................3-18
3.6 Scratchpad Messages .....................................................3-18
3.7. Initialization and Time to First Fix ...................................3-19
3.8. Selecting and Scanning Waypoints ................................3-21
3.8.1. Selecting Waypoints by Identifier ..........................3-21
TOC-1
Table of Contents
3.8.2. Selecting Waypoints by Scanning .........................3-23
3.8.3. Selecting Waypoints by Name or City ..................3-24
3.9. “Nearest” Functions ........................................................3-27
3.9.1. Viewing the Nearest Waypoints ............................3-28
3.9.1.1 Nearest Airport Criteria ................................3-28
3.9.1.2 Continuous Display of Nearest Airport ........3-29
3.9.2. Viewing the Nearest Special Use Airspaces ........3-30
3.9.3. Viewing the Nearest Flight Service Station
Frequencies .....................................................................3-31
3.9.4. Viewing the Nearest Center Frequencies .............3-32
3.10. Direct To Operation .......................................................3-33
3.10.1. Initiating a Direct To ............................................3-34
3.10.2. Cancelling a Direct To .........................................3-36
3.10.3. Waypoint Alerting for Direct To Operation ..........3-36
3.11. Navigation Pages ..........................................................3-37
3.11.1. The Navigation 1 (NAV 1) Page ..........................3-37
3.11.2. The Navigation 2 (NAV 2) Page ..........................3-39
3.11.3. The Navigation 3 (NAV 3) Page ..........................3-40
3.11.4. The Navigation 4 (NAV 4) Page – Moving Map .3-40
3.11.4.1 Selecting The NAV 4 (Map) Page ............3-40
3.11.4.2 NAV 4 Page Format .................................3-41
3.11.4.3. Selecting What Is Shown On The Map ...3-42
3.11.4.4. Configuring Aeronautical Data For
The Map ....................................................................3-42
3.11.4.5. Runway Diagrams ..................................3-44
3.11.4.6. Configuring Land Data On The Map .......3-44
3.11.4.7. Symbols Used On The Map ....................3-46
3.11.4.8. Selecting The Map Orientation ................3-46
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KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Table of Contents
3.11.4.9. Changing the Map Range Scale .............3-47
3.11.4.10 Decluttering The Screen .........................3-48
3.11.4.11. Waypoint Scan Feature .........................3-48
3.11.4.12. Holding Patterns and Procedure Turns .3-50
3.12. Waypoint Pages ............................................................3-51
3.12.1. Airport Pages .......................................................3-51
3.12.1.1. The Airport 1 (APT 1) Page .......................3-51
3.12.1.2. The Airport 2 (APT 2) Page .......................3-52
3.12.1.3. The Airport 3 (APT 3) Page .......................3-53
3.12.1.4. The Airport 4 (APT 4) Page ......................3-54
3.12.1.5. The Airport 5 (APT 5) Page ......................3-55
3.12.1.6. The Airport 6 (APT 6) Page .......................3-57
3.12.1.7. The Airport 7 (APT 7) Page ......................3-58
3.12.1.8. The Airport 8 (APT 8) Page .......................3-59
3.12.2. VOR Pages .........................................................3-60
3.12.2.1. The VOR 1 Page ......................................3-60
3.12.2.2. The VOR 2 Page ......................................3-61
3.12.3. NDB Page ...........................................................3-61
3.12.3.1. The NDB 1 Page ......................................3-61
3.12.4. Intersection Pages ...............................................3-62
3.12.4.1. The Intersection 1 (INT 1) Page ...............3-62
3.12.4.2. The Intersection 2 (INT 2) Page ...............3-63
3.12.5. User Waypoint Pages ........................................3-63
3.12.5.1. The User 0 (USR 0) Page .........................3-63
3.12.5.2. The User 1 (USR 1) Page ........................3-64
3.12.5.3. The User 2 (USR 2) Page ........................3-64
3.12.5.4. The User 3 (USR 3) Page .........................3-64
TOC-3
Table of Contents
3.13. Special Use Airspace Alerting ......................................3-66
3.14. Remote Mounted Annunciators ....................................3-69
3.15 QuickTune™ Nav/Comm Frequency Selection .........3-70
3.15.1. Quicktune™ Operation with One
Compatible NAV/COMM .................................................3-71
3.15.2. Quicktune™ Operation with More Than One
Compatible NAV/COMM .................................................3-72
3.16. Using the Take-home Mode .........................................3-72
3.17 Sample Trip ...................................................................3-74
3.17.1 Pre-departure ......................................................3-74
3.17.2 En route ...............................................................3-75
3.17.3 Terminal Area ......................................................3-76
4. Flight Plan Operation ...............................................................4-1
4.1. Creating and Modifying Flight Plans .................................4-1
4.1.1. Creating a Flight Plan .............................................4-1
4.1.2. Viewing Distance and Desired Track Between
Stored Flight Plan Waypoints ............................................4-4
4.1.3. Activating a Numbered Flight Plan .........................4-4
4.1.4. Adding a Waypoint to a Flight Plan ........................4-5
4.1.5. Deleting a Waypoint from a Flight Plan ..................4-6
4.1.6. Deleting Flight Plans ..............................................4-7
4.1.7. Storing FPL 0 as a Numbered Flight Plan ..............4-7
4.2. Operating from the Active Flight Plan ...............................4-8
4.2.1. General Procedures ................................................4-8
4.2.2. Turn Anticipation and Waypoint Alerting ...............4-10
4.2.3. Viewing the Waypoint Pages for the Active
Flight Plan Waypoints ......................................................4-11
4.2.4. Combining Direct To and Flight Plan Operation ...4-12
4.2.4.1 Direct To Operation From The Map .............4-12
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KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Table of Contents
4.2.4.2 Direct To Operation From Any Page ...........4-12
4.2.4.3 Direct To Operation From The FPL 0 Page 4-13
4.2.4.4 Cancelling Direct To Operation ....................4-13
4.2.5. Viewing Distance, ETE, ETA, or Desired Track to
Flight Plan Waypoints ......................................................4-14
4.2.6 Changing The System Time Zone ........................4-15
5. Intermediate Operation ............................................................5-1
5.1. Altitude pages ...................................................................5-1
5.2. Advisory VNAV Operation .................................................5-3
5.2.1. VNAV for Direct To Operation .................................5-3
5.2.2. VNAV for Flight Plan Operation ..............................5-6
5.3. Altitude Alerting .................................................................5-6
5.4. Creating User-defined Waypoints ....................................5-9
5.4.1. Creating a Waypoint at Your Present Position .....5-10
5.4.2. Creating a Waypoint at a Certain Latitude/
Longitude ......................................................................5-11
5.4.3. Creating a Waypoint Referenced from Another
Waypoint ......................................................................5-12
5.5. Navigation Modes ...........................................................5-14
5.5.1. Selecting the Leg Mode or the OBS mode ...........5-14
5.5.2. The Leg Mode .......................................................5-14
5.5.3. The OBS Mode ......................................................5-15
5.5.4. Switching From the Leg Mode to the OBS mode .5-17
5.5.5. Effects of Switching From OBS Mode to
Leg Mode ......................................................................5-17
5.5.6. Going Direct To a Waypoint While in the
OBS Mode .....................................................................5-18
5.5.7. Activating a Waypoint While in the OBS Mode .....5-18
5.6. Changing the CDI Scale Factor ......................................5-19
5.7. Avionics Bus Voltage Alerting ........................................5-20
TOC-5
Table of Contents
5.8. The Auxilary (AUX) Pages ..............................................5-21
5.9. Determining the Status of the GPS Signals ....................5-21
5.10. Calculator (AUX 4 – AUX 11) pages ............................5-24
5.10.1. The Auxilary 4 (AUX 4) Trip Planning Page .......5-24
5.10.2. The Auxilary 5 (AUX5) Trip Planning Page ........5-26
5.10.3. The Auxilary 6 (AUX 6) Pressure Altitude Page .5-27
5.10.4. The Auxilary 7 (AUX 7) Density Altitude Page ...5-28
5.10.5. The Auxilary 8 (AUX 8) True Airspeed Page ......5-29
5.10.6. The Auxilary 9 (AUX 9) Wind Page ....................5-30
5.10.7. The Auxilary 10 (AUX 10) Alarm Page ...............5-30
5.10.8. The Auxilary 11 (AUX 11) Sunrise/Sunset Page 5-31
5.11. Viewing and Deleting User Waypoints and Waypoint
Remarks (AUX 12 and AUX 13 pages) .................................5-32
5.11.1. The AUX 12 Page ...............................................5-32
5.11.2. The AUX 13 Page ...............................................5-33
5.12. Viewing the KLN 94 Software Status (AUX14 page) .5-34
5.13. The Fuel Management (AUX 15 – AUX 19) Pages .....5-34
5.13.1. The Auxilary 15 (AUX 15)Fuel Management
Page ......................................................................5-35
5.13.2 The Auxilary 16 (AUX 16) Fuel Management
Page ......................................................................5-36
5.13.3. The Auxilary 17 (AUX 17)Fuel Management
Page ......................................................................5-36
5.13.4. The Auxilary (AUX 18)Fuel Management Page .5-37
5.13.5. The Auxilary (AUX 19) Fuel Management Page 5-37
5.14. The Air Data (AUX 20 – AUX 21) Pages ......................5-37
5.14.1. The Auxilary 20 (AUX 20) Air Data Page ...........5-38
5.14.2. The Auxilary 21 (AUX 21) Air Data Page ............5-38
5.15 Viewing and Setting the Date and TimePage ................5-39
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KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Table of Contents
5.16. Manual Magnetic Variation Selection ...........................5-41
5.17. Setting the Units of Measure ........................................5-42
6. APPROACHES and DP/STARs ..............................................6-1
6.1. Procedure (PROC) Pages ...............................................6-1
6.2. Non-Precision Approach Operations ................................6-2
6.2.1. Approach Mode Annunciations ..............................6-3
6.2.2. General Procedure for Non-Precision Approaches 6-4
6.2.3. Selecting and Loading An Approach .....................6-6
6.2.4. Interpreting What You See .....................................6-9
6.2.5. Changing Or Deleting An Approach Once
Loaded Into The Flight Plan ............................................6-11
6.2.6. GPS Approach Examples ....................................6-13
6.2.7. Approach Example 1: No Procedure Turn .........6-13
6.2.8. Approach Example 2: Radar Vectors ................6-20
6.2.9. Approach Example 3: Course Reversal with
Off-Airport IAF ...............................................................6-24
6.2.10. Approach Example 4: Course Reversal with
On-Airport IAF .................................................................6-26
6.2.11. Approach Example 5: DME Arc ......................6-30
6.2.12. ILS and other Non-Approved Approaches .........6-35
6.2.13. Using GPS Distance as a Substitute for DME
on Localizer-type Approaches .........................................6-36
6.2.14. Approach Problems ...........................................6-37
6.3. DP/STAR PROCEDURES .............................................6-39
6.3.1. Selecting a DP ......................................................6-40
6.3.2. Selecting a STAR ................................................6-42
6.3.3. Editing a DP or STAR ..........................................6-43
6.3.4. Example of a DP Procedure ................................6-45
6.3.5. Example of a STAR Procedure ............................6-47
TOC-7
Table of Contents
APPENDIX A - NAVIGATION TERMS .........................................A-1
APPENDIX B - MESSAGE PAGE MESSAGES ..........................B-1
APPENDIX C - SCRATCHPAD MESSAGES ..............................C-1
APPENDIX D - ABBREVIATIONS ................................................D-1
STATE ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................D-1
CANADIAN PROVINCE ABBREVIATIONS ...........................D-2
COUNTRY ABBREVIATIONS ................................................D-2
ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................D-8
OTHER ABBREVIATIONS USED ON KLN 94 PAGES .......D-17
APPENDIX E - LAT/LON CONVERSIONS ..................................E-1
APPENDIX F - GPS PRIMER ........................................................F-1
BACKGROUND .......................................................................F-1
GPS POSITION DETERMINING CONCEPT .........................F-1
GPS DATA SIGNALS ..............................................................F-1
GPS SYSTEM SEGMENTS ....................................................F-2
RAIM ........................................................................F-3
GPS XPRESS™ CARD 8-CHANNEL RECEIVER .................F-3
APPENDIX G- OPERATIONAL COMPARISON WITH KLN 89B G-1
TOC-8
KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Introduction
INTRODUCTION
Congratulations for choosing the Bendix/King KLN 94 GPS! Celestial
navigation will now be a way of life for you. The phenomenal accuracy of
GPS, along with the KLN 94’s user-friendly operation and color graphics
display will make flying a delight. Not only will the KLN 94 help you to
navigate more easily and more accurately, its trip planning features, air
data calculations, and other useful features will make you feel like you’re
flying with a true flight management system.
In addition, KLN 94 may be IFR approved for En route, Terminal, and
Non-precision Approach operations. We think you’ll find that having an
abundance of navigational data (not to mention a moving map!) available
to you will make non-precision approaches more precise and more enjoyable.
This Pilot’s Guide will be of great help to you. It is written in plain, simple
English and it assumes you are not an experienced user of GPS or other
type of long range navigation equipment. If you are experienced, so much
the better. This Pilot’s Guide also includes hundreds of sample screen figures and other illustrations to make your learning easier. It is designed so
that you can start at the front and progress in the order presented; however, you may want to skip around and learn things in your own order. Also,
on page iv, there is an index of frequently used procedures which will help
you find the page that describes how to do exactly what you want to do.
There are also several appendices in the back of the manual that you may
find useful from time to time.
If you are an experienced KLN 89B user, Appendix G outlines the
KLN 94’s new features and operational enhancements.
Be sure to keep this Pilot’s Guide handy with you in the airplane. It is
designed to fit easily in the glove box, or in the seat pocket.
One last thing. Don’t get so involved in learning to use the KLN 94 that
you forget to fly the airplane. Be careful, and remember to keep a close
eye out for other aircraft.
i
Introduction
KLN 94 SNEAK PREVIEW
If you absolutely can’t wait to use your KLN 94 until you’ve read this Pilot’s
Guide, this section is for you. This short section will teach you just enough
to get going and then learn by doing. This operational preview assumes
the KLN 94 has been properly installed, the unit was previously operational in the same general geographical location, and that no peripheral
equipment interfaced with the KLN 94 (such as external HSI’s, CDI’s,
autopilots, moving map display, etc.) is to be used at this time. If you are
using this operational preview in flight, do so only in good VFR conditions
and only with an alternate means of navigation available to cross-check
position.
1. Turn the unit on by pressing the On/Off/Brightness knob (the small
knob in lower left hand corner). After the screen changes to full color,
rotate the knob to adjust the display brightness to the desired level.
2. For about 50 seconds the Power On Page is displayed while the unit
runs a self-test. (If the unit is in the Take-Home mode a Take-Home
page is displayed. Press the F button to acknowledge the TakeHome mode). Afterwards, the Self-test Page is displayed. If the
KLN 94 is receiving an altitude from an encoding altimeter, the present
indicated altitude will be displayed on line 2. The bottom line should
display Pass with the cursor over a flashing Ok?. Press the F button to approve the Self-test Page.
3. The Initialization Page will now be displayed. If the date and time are
incorrect by more than 10 minutes, refer to section 3.2 of this Pilot’s
Guide. The right side of the screen should show the identifier of the
nearest airport to the initial position, along with a radial and distance
from that airport waypoint. Press F with the cursor flashing over
Ok? to approve the Initialization Page.
4. If your KLN 94 has been configured for VFR use only, the VFR page
will now be displayed to notify you of the VFR limitation. Press F to
approve this page.
5. The Database Page is now displayed showing the date the database
expires or the date it expired. Press F to acknowledge the information displayed on this page.
ii
KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Introduction
6. Use the right outer knob to turn to the NAV page type. Watch the
page bar at the very bottom of the screen. As the outer knob is turned
the selected page type becomes reverse video (white letters on a blue
background). Turn until NAV is selected. Then use the right inner
knob to select the NAV 2 page if not already there. The NAV 2 page
shows your present position relative to a nearby VOR. It may take a
couple minutes for the GPS receiver to “wake-up” and determine a
position. Verify that this position is correct before proceeding.
7. Press the D button. A page with the words DIRECT TO: is now displayed on the screen.
In step 8 you will enter the ICAO identifier of the airport. The identifier will
have a “K” prefix for a Continental U.S. airport, a “C” prefix for a Canadian
airport, or a “P” prefix (in some cases) for an Alaskan airport if the identifier
is all letters. For example, LAX becomes KLAX. For these countries if the
identifier contains any numbers, there is no prefix. For example, TX04 is
entered TX04. For other areas of the world the airport identifier should be
entered identically to how it is charted.
8. Rotate the right inner knob until the first character of the airport identifier is displayed. Turn the right outer knob one step clockwise to move
the flashing segment to the second character position. Rotate the right
inner knob to select the second character of the identifier. Use this
procedure to enter the complete airport identifier.
9. Press F. The display will change to a page showing the identifier,
name, city, and state/country of the airport just entered. Confirm that
the correct airport is displayed. Press F a second time to approve
the airport data.
10. A Navigation page (specifically the NAV 1 page) is now on the screen.
The left side of the display (blue background) shows distance, groundspeed, desired track (DTK is the course to be flown), and actual track
(TK is the actual course the aircraft is currently tracking over the
ground). The large middle section of the display shows the active
waypoint, a course deviation indicator (CDI), bearing to the waypoint,
and estimated time en route (ETE). Beneath the CDI are located a
digital display of the deviation and the CDI scale.
iii
Introduction
HOW-TO INDEX
This index will help you quickly find important procedures at a glance. The
list is alphabetized by action words.
TO: SEE Section:
Activate one of the previously created numbered flight plans . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.1.3
Add a waypoint to a flight plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.1.4
Add an individual waypoint in the DP or STAR procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.3.3
Calculate distance, time, and ESA for a flight plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.10.1
Calculate distance, bearing, and time from waypoint to waypoint . . . . . . . . .5.10.1
Calculate fuel requirements for a flight plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.10.2
Calculate fuel requirements from waypoint to waypoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.10.2
Calculate sunrise/sunset times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.10.8
Calculate the density altitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.10.4
Calculate the pressure altitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.10.3
Calculate the true airspeed (TAS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.10.5
Calculate the winds aloft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.10.6
Cancel Direct To operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.10.2
Change between distance and desired track display on a numbered flight
plan page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.1.2
Change between distance, ETE, ETA, and desired track on the FPL 0 page .4.2.5
Change course modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.5
Change or delete an entire DP or STAR procedure from the active
flight plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.3.3
Change the baro setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.1
Change the CDI scale factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.6
Change the default first waypoint character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.4.2
Change the NAV 2 page present position reference waypoint . . . . . . . . . . .3.11.2
Change the present fuel on board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.13.1
Change the selected course in OBS mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.5.3
Create a flight plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.1
Create a user-defined waypoint at your present position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.4.1
Create a user-defined waypoint using the radial/distance method . . . . . . . . .5.4.3
Create a user-defined waypoint with latitude/longitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.4.2
Delete a flight plan which is no longer required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.1.6
Delete a user-defined waypoint from the AUX 12 page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.11.1
Delete a waypoint from a flight plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.1.5
iv
KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Introduction
TO: SEE Section:
Delete a waypoint remark from the AUX 13 page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.11.2
Delete an approach from FPL 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.2.5
Delete an individual waypoint in a DP or STAR procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.3.3
Display the nearest airport continuously . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.9.1.2
Enable the voltage alert feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.7
Enter a user-defined waypoint remark on the USR 3 page . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.12.5.4
Enter a waypoint identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.4.2
Enter an airport remark on the APT 6 page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.12.1.6
Enter the local magnetic variation manually on the SET 2 page . . . . . . . . . . . .5.16
Fly direct to a waypoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.10
Fly direct to a waypoint in the active flight plan (FPL 0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.2.4
Initialize the position from the SET 1 page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.7
Perform a manual RAIM calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.2.14
Recenter the D-Bar by going direct to the active waypoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.10.1
Replace an existing approach, or delete an approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.2.5
Select a DP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.3.1
Select a STAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.3.2
Select a VOR or NDB by navaid name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.8.3
Select a waypoint by identifier from a waypoint page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.8.1
Select a waypoint by scanning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.8.2
Select an airport by scanning the airport name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.8.3
Select an approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.2.3
Set the alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.10.7
Set the date on the SET 2 page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.15
Set the time on the SET 2 page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.15
Specify the nearest airport criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.9.1.1
Store the active flight plan as a numbered flight plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.1.7
Turn on and initialize the KLN 94 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.2
Update the KLN 94 database by computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.4.1
Use altitude alerting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.3
Use VNAV on a Direct To . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.2
View a message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.5
View the waypoints in the flight plan that are not the active waypoint. . . . . . .4.2.3
View VNAV status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.2
v
Chapter 1 System Components
HEADING
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
FUEL
COMPATIBLE
COMPATIBLE
COMPUTER
DATA
AIR
ALTITUDE
AIRCRAFT
POWER
REQUIRED FOR ALL INSTALLATIONS
INSTALLATION DEPENDENT
REQUIRED FOR IFR APPROACH INSTALLATIONS
KLN 94 SYSTEM
INPUT
TEST
PULL
COMM NAV
G
KX 155A or KX 165A
CHAN
STBY
PULL 25K
IDENT
PULL
TIMER
MODE
STBY
PULL OBS
KX 155A TSO
OUTPUT
RS-232
NAV
GPS
KMD 550 & 850 MFDs
AND OTHER MOVING
MAP DISPLAYS
GPS/NAV SWITCH/
ANNUNCIATOR
RS-232
RS-232
INPUT
QuickTune™
WPT ALERT
MESSAGE
ANNUNCIATORS
REMOTE
ı
D
ENTCLRMSG NRSTALTOBS
PULL SCAN
KI 229 KNI 582
ı
NAV NAV
B
RS-232
INPUT
PUSH ON
BRT
MNU
1
2
S
5
1
12
E
D
F
2
4
2
1
S
5
1
2
1
D
F
11-33V
GRAY CODE
KA 92 GPS ANTENNA
PROC
RNG
KLN 94 TSO
CRSR
GPS
LEFT/RIGHT
D-BAR
SELECTED
COURSE
DN
UP
2
4
W
A
30
D
F
33
N
3
6
RMI
OR
A
W
3
0
3
3
N
3
6
E
A
ı
RN RC PC
ALT HDG NAV APR BC
TEST
ENG
AP
AUTOPILOT
YD
KC 193
ALT HDG NAV APR APGS
BC
KI 525A KI 206
ı
GS GS
W
30
24
NAV HDG
33
21
S
15
12
HSI
N
3
6
E
OR
OBS
W
3
2
GS
3
2
B
S
F
1
1
CDI
N
NAV
TO
3
6
E
OR
1-0
KI 825
EHSI
KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Chapter 1 System Components
1. KLN 94 SYSTEM COMPONENTS
A basic KLN 94 system consists of a panel mounted KLN 94 GPS and a
KA 92 GPS antenna. An altitude input is required to obtain full navigation
and operational capabilities. Additional system components may be added
or interfaced to the KLN 94 which increase its features and capabilities.
Some of these optional components include an external course deviation
indicator (CDI) or horizontal situation indicator (HSI), autopilot, and external annunciators. Typically, an altitude input and an external indicator are
required for IFR approach certification.
The KLN 94 panel mounted unit contains the GPS sensor, the navigation
computer, a color LCD Display, and all controls required to operate the
unit. It also includes the database card which slides into the left side of the
front panel.
The KA 92 GPS “patch” antenna is available for use with the KLN 94. It is
designed to always be mounted on the top of the aircraft.
The KLN 94 has analog outputs to drive the left-right deviation bar of most
mechanical CDI’s and HSI’s. In addition, the NAV mode of the
Bendix/King KAP 140, KFC 150, KAP 150, KAP 150H, KAP 100, KFC
200, KAP 200, KFC 225, KFC 250, KFC 275, KFC 300, and KFC 325
flight control systems may be coupled to the KLN 94. ORS 03 and higher
KLN 94 units have a DC roll steering output capable of interfacing with all
KFC 225 and some versions of KAP 140 flight control systems. Many
other autopilots may also be coupled to the KLN 94. Actual autopilot performance and capability when coupled to the KLN 94 may vary
significantly from one autopilot model to another.
Altitude may be provided to the KLN 94 from an encoding altimeter or
blind encoder. Altitude is used as an aid in position determination when
not enough satellites are in view.
Depending on where the KLN 94 is mounted in the instrument panel,
some IFR installations may require remote annunciators to be mounted in
the aircraft panel in order to indicate the status of certain KLN 94 functions. En route and terminal IFR certifications require annunciators for
message (MSG) and waypoint alert (WPT). Non-precision approach certifications may also require an annunciator to display when the approach
mode is armed or active.
1-1
Chapter 1 System Components
Each KLN 94 system includes a configuration module which is attached to
the KLN 94 mounting rack. The module allows the KLN 94 to be configured for the unique characteristics of your equipment installation.
Parameters that are set by the configuration module include:
• Whether the KLN 94 may be used for IFR operations or not, and if it
may be used for non-precision approach IFR operations.
• Whether or not the altitude alert function in enabled. See section
5.3.
• Whether or not an external fuel management system is interfaced to
the KLN 94. See section 5.13.
• Whether or not an external air data computer is interfaced to the
KLN 94. See section 5.14.
• The conditions for the aircraft bus voltage alert to activate. See section 5.7.
• Whether there are Communication and Navigation radios interfaced
with the QuickTune™ feature which allows tuning of the radio from
the KLN 94. See section 3.15.
The configuration information is stored both in the module and in the
KLN 94 internal memory. If the KLN 94 detects a difference between the
configuration stored in the module and the configuration stored in the
internal memory (which should only occur following the exchange of a
KLN 94), the configuration information will automatically be updated to the
configuration specified in the configuration module.
If an error is detected in the configuration data, a warning page stating
Configuration Mem Error will be displayed during the KLN 94 start-up
sequence, and the configuration memory will be set to arbitrary default
values. See an authorized Honeywell Service center to correct the configuration memory error.
1-2
KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Chapter 1 System Components
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1-3
Chapter 2 Data Base
165° 150° 135° 120° 105° 90° 75° 60° 45° 30° 15° 0° 15° 30° 45° 60° 75° 90° 105° 120° 135° 150° 165° 180°
Americas Database
coverage area
Atlantic Database
coverage area
Pacific Database
coverage area
0°
AFRICA
15°
PACIFIC
LATIN AM
MID EAST
CANADA
USA
EUROPE
EAST EUR
15°
30°
45°
60°
SOUTH PAC
SOUTH AM
60°
45°
30°
75°
Overlap in Pacific & Atlantic
Database coverage areas
60°
Figure 2-1 KLN 94 Database Geographical Region
SOUTH PAC
PACIFIC
15°
30°
45°
15°
0°
60°
45°
30°
75°
2-0
KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Chapter 2 Data Base
2. DATABASE
2.1. FUNCTIONS OF THE DATABASE
The database provides four primary functions. First, it makes pilot interface with the GPS sensor much easier. Rather than having to manually
look up and then enter the latitude and longitude for a specific waypoint, it
allows you to merely enter a simple waypoint identifier. The database
automatically looks up and displays the latitude and longitude associated
with the identifier. It should be obvious that the database saves a lot of
tedious latitude/longitude entry and also greatly reduces the potential for
data input mistakes.
The second function of the database is that it serves as a very convenient
means to store and easily access aeronautical information. Want to know
the name of the airport, the tower frequency, or the airport elevation? Just
turn the knobs and display the information right on the screen.
Thirdly, the KLN 94 database stores the waypoints in their proper
sequence that comprise most approaches, arrival procedures, and departure procedures. This allows you to select an approach, STAR, and DP by
name as a whole, rather than entering them waypoint by waypoint.
And last but not least, the database furnishes the aeronautical and land
data that is displayed on the color moving map display. It is a great aid in
providing situational awareness to the pilot.
2.2. DATABASE CONTENTS AND COVERAGE AREAS
There are three database coverage areas available for the KLN 94. They
are referred to as the “Americas” database, the “Atlantic International”
database, and the “Pacific International” database.
The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and Aeronautical
Radio, Inc. (ARINC) break the world into the ten geographic regions
shown in figure 2-1. The KLN 94 Americas database contains aeronautical information for the group of ICAO regions consisting of Canada, USA,
Latin America, and South America. The KLN 94 Atlantic International
database provides information for the ICAO regions Europe, Africa, East
Europe, and Mid East. Likewise, the Pacific International database contains information for East Europe, Mid East, Pacific, and South Pacific.
The KLN 94 database contains three types of data - aeronautical, cartographic (land), and user. Only the aeronautical data is sourced from
Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc. It includes information for airports, navigational
aids, navigational procedures (approaches, STARs, and DPs), and other
aviation specific data. The cartographic data includes land items such as
roads and rivers that can be displayed on the moving map display. User
data is the list of waypoints created by the pilot.
2-1
Chapter 2 Data Base
The following is a listing of the KLN 94 database contents:
AERONAUTICAL DATA
AIRPORTS
Identifier
Name
City, State or Country
Use type (if heliports, military, or private)
Latitude and Longitude
Elevation
Runway numbers, lengths, surfaces, and lighting
Fuel availability
Approach types available (precision, non-precision, or none)
Radar approach/departure environment
Time difference relative to UTC.
Airport Communication & Approach frequencies:
ATIS
Clearance delivery
Tower
Ground control
Unicom
Multicom
Approach (IFR)
Departure (IFR)
Class B, Class C, TRSA, CTA, TMA (VFR)
Center (when used for approach)
Arrival
Radar
Director
AWOS (automatic weather observing station)
ASOS (automatic surface observation system)
AAS (aeronautical advisory service)
AFIS (aerodrome flight information service)
ATF (aerodrome traffic frequency)
CTAF (common traffic advisory frequency)
RDO (radio frequency)
MF (mandatory frequency)
Ramp control
PCL (pilot-controlled lighting)
GCO (ground communication outlet)
ILS & LOC type approach
VORs
Identifier
Name
Frequency
Latitude and Longitude
Magnetic variation
2-2
KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Chapter 2 Data Base
NDBs (En Route and Terminal)
Identifier
Name
Frequency
Latitude and Longitude
(Note - Outer Compass Locators may be stored as an NDB by their NDB
identifier or as an intersection by their intersection name)
DMEs associated with ILS/LOC type approaches – Stored with
Intersections by the approach identifier (e.g. IJFK)
Identifier
Latitude and Longitude
Intersections (low altitude, high altitude, DP/STAR, approach, and outer
markers). Also includes DMEs associated with ILS/LOC type approaches.
See DMEs
Identifier
Latitude and Longitude
DP/STAR/Approach Procedures
All compatible pilot-nav DP/STAR procedures
All compatible non-precision and precision approaches. Includes all public GPS-only approaches. Only those non-precision approaches
designated on the Airport 8 page with “GPS” may be used to actually execute an approach with the KLN 94.
Miscellaneous
Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC and FIR) frequencies
Flight Service Stations (location of points of communication and associated frequencies)
Minimum Safe Altitudes
Special Use Airspace (SUA) boundaries-Outer and inner* rIngs
(Prohibited, Restricted, Alert, Class B, Class C, CTA, TMA, TRSA,
Caution, Danger, MOA, Training, Warning)
*ORS 01 and 2 have outer rings only.
LAND DATA
Lakes, rivers, oceans
Roads
Population areas (cities, towns)
Railroads
Political boundaries
Obstacles (towers)
500 USER DEFINED WAYPOINTS
Identifier
Latitude and Longitude
2-3
Chapter 2 Data Base
2.3. ICAO IDENTIFIERS
Waypoints are stored in the KLN 94 database almost exclusively by their
ICAO identifiers. ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) is an
internationally accepted reference for the data. In almost all cases the
proper ICAO identifiers may be taken directly from Jeppesen-Sanderson
or NOS aeronautical charts.
Airport identifiers in the contiguous United States, Alaska, and Canada are
special cases in the ICAO system. Many airport identifiers for these areas
have four letters beginning with a prefix letter that corresponds to the geographic area in which it is located. The prefix letter for the contiguous U.S.
is “K”. Thus, the identifier for Orlando Executive Airport is KORL while the
VOR identifier is ORL. The prefix letter for Canada is “C” and for Alaska is
“P”.
NOTE: There are several exceptions in Alaska. In many cases, airports
with three letter identifiers receive the prefix “P”, but there are many that
don’t. The most reliable method of determining an Alaska airport identifier
is to look it up from the airport name or city. See section 3.8.3, “Selecting
Waypoints by Name or City”.
Incidentally, you can program the KLN 94 to default to a certain letter
(such as “K”) when you are entering a waypoint identifier. See section
3.4.2, “Data Entry” to learn about this handy feature.
Not all airport identifiers receive the prefix letter. Airport identifiers which
are combinations of letters and numbers do not apply to the prefix rule.
Examples of airport identifiers not using the prefix are 3C2, 70R5, and
M33.
So remember, if you are entering or looking for an airport identifier
that is all letters (no numbers) then it will begin with a “K” prefix in
the contiguous U.S., a “P” in Alaska (in some cases), or a “C” in
Canada. If there are numbers in the identifier then a prefix is not
used. For other areas of the world the airport identifier stored in the
KLN 94 database is identical to how it is charted.
2.4. UPDATING THE DATABASE
The information stored in the database would eventually become obsolete
if there wasn’t some means to update it. For example, new airports open,
navaids can move or change frequency, communication frequencies can
change, new roads are built, and on and on.
NOTE: By FAA regulation, you are required to have a current navigation
database in order to use the KLN 94 for a non-precision approach.
2-4
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