Honeywell KLN 90B GPS, Bendix/King KLN 90B GPS Abbreviated Operation Manual
B
KLN 90B GPS
Abbreviated Operation Manual
Rev. 1
ORS 20
N
B
KLN 90B GPS
Abbreviated
Operation Manual
Rev. 1
NOTE: Refer to the KLN 90B Pilot's Guide
(006-08773-0000, Rev.1) for Database
update information.
ORS 20
IMPORTANT:
Special installation procedures must be
followed in order for the KLN 90B to be certified for IFR use.
Consult the KLN 90B Flight Manual Supplement for the
operating limitations of this unit.
N
PREVIEW OF OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.0 TURN ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.0 BASIC OPERATION OF PANEL CONTROLS . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.1 Page Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 Entering Waypoint Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3 The Duplicate Waypoint Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.0 INITIALIZATION AND TIME TO FIRST FIX . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.0 DIRECT TO NAVIGATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.1 Direct To - Procedure A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.2 Direct To - Procedure B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.3 Direct To - Procedure C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.4 To Recenter The D-Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.5 To Proceed Direct To Another Waypoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.6 Cancelling Direct To Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.0 THE NAVIGATION PAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.1 The Navigation 1 Page (NAV 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.2 The Super NAV 1 Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.3 The Navigation 2 Page (NAV 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.4 The Navigation 3 Page (NAV 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.5 The Navigation 4 Page (NAV 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.6 The Navigation 5 Page (NAV 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.7 The Super NAV 5 Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6.0 MESSAGE PAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
7.0 SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE ALERT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
8.0 VIEWING THE WAYPOINT PAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
8.1 Selecting The Desired Waypoint Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
8.2 The Airport 1 Page (APT 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
8.3 The Airport 2 Page (APT 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
8.4 The Airport 3 Page (APT 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
8.5 The Airport 4 Page (APT 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
8.6 The Airport 5 Page (APT 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
8.7 The Airport 6 Page (APT 6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
8.8 The Airport 7 Page (APT 7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
8.9 The Airport 8 Page (APT 8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
8.10 The VOR Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
8.11 The NBD Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
8.12 The Intersection Page (INT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
8.13 The Supplemental Waypoint Page (SUP) . . . . . . . . . . . 32
9.0 NEAREST AIRPORTS, VORS, AND NBDS . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
9.1 Viewing The Nearest Airports, VORs, And NDBs . . . . . . 33
9.2 Nearest Airports In An Emergency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
9.3 Continuous Display Of Nearest Airport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
9.4 Selecting The Nearest Airport Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
10.0 CREATING USER WAYPOINTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
10.1 Creating A Waypoint At The Present Position . . . . . . . . 36
10.2 Creating A Waypoint As A Radial And Distance . . . . . . . . .
From Another Waypoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
10.3 Creating a Waypoint By Entering A Latitude/ . . . . . . . . . . .
Longitude Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
11.0 DELETING USER WAYPOINTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
12.0 CREATING AND MODIFYING FLIGHT PLANS . . . . . . . . 38
12.1 Creating A Flight Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
12.2 Activating An Numbered Flight Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
12.3 Adding A Waypoint To A Flight Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
12.4 Deleting A Waypoint From A Flight Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
12.5 Deleting Flight Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
12.6 Storing FPL 0 As A Numbered Flight Plan . . . . . . . . . . . 42
13.0 OPERATING FROM THE ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN . . . . . . 43
13.1 General Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
13.2 Turn Anticipation And Waypoint Alerting . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
13.3 Viewing The Waypoint Pages For The Active Flight Plan . .
Waypoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
13.4 Combining Direct To And Flight Plan Operation . . . . . . . 45
13.5 The Distance/Time Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
13.6 The Distance/Time 1 Page (D/T 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
13.7 The Distance/Time 2 Page (D/T 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
13.8 The Distance/Time 3 Page (D/T 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
13.9 The Distance/Time 4 Page (D/T 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
14.0 ALTITUDE ALERTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
15.0 UPDATING THE DATA BASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
16.0 ITEMS NOT COVERED IN THIS MANUAL . . . . . . . . . . . 52
PREVIEW OF OPERATION
To give you an idea of how easy the KLN 90B is to operate, the following
operational preview is presented. This operational preview assumes the
KLN 90B has been properly installed, the unit was previously operational
in the same general geographical location, and that no peripheral equipment interfaced with the KLN 90B (such as external HSIs, CDIs, autopilots, RMIs, fuel flow systems, moving map displays, etc.) is to be used at
this time. If you are using this operational preview in flight, do so only in
good VFR conditions and only with an alternate means of navigation available to cross-check position.
1. Push the power/brightness knob located in the upper right corner of the
unit to the “in” position.
2. After a few seconds of warm up, the screen will show a Turn-On page
with the words SELF TEST IN PROGRESS at the bottom of the page.
Rotate the power/brightness knob to select the desired screen brightness. After a few seconds the Turn-On page will automatically be
replaced with the Self Test page. (Note: If the KLN 90B is being used in
the take-home mode, a Take-Home Warning page is displayed before
the Self Test page and must be acknowledged by pressing E). The
Self Test page is recognizable because it shows the date and time on
the right side. The bottom left side of the Self Test page must display
ANNUN ON to indicate that the KLN 90B has passed an internal self
test.
In most KLN 90B installations the first two characters of the altimeter setting BARO field will be highlighted in inverse video (dark characters on a
light background) on the right side of the screen. This area of inverse
video is called the cursor. Use the right inner knob to select the correct
first two characters of the altimeter setting. Next, turn the right outer
knob one step clockwise to position the cursor over the third character of
the altimeter setting. Use the right inner knob to select the correct
number. Once again turn the right outer knob one step clockwise to
position the cursor over the last character of the altimeter setting. Use
the right inner knob to complete entering the correct altimeter setting.
Turn the right outer knob clockwise to position the cursor over the word
APPROVE? if the cursor is not there already. Press E to approve the
Self Test page.
(Note: If the KLN 90B is installed for VFR only operation,
a VFR only warning page is displayed after the self test page has been
approved. This warning page must be acknowledged by pressing
E
. If
the KLN 90B has an external GPS CRS switch and the switch is in the
OBS position, then an OBS warning page will be presented after the self
1
test page has been approved. Press the GPS CRS button to put the unit
into the LEG mode. After the GPS CRS button indicates LEG, then the
KLN 90B will continue the start-up process.)
3. A database page is now displayed showing the date the database
expires or the date it expired. Press E to acknowledge the information
displayed on this page.
4. A page displaying the letters PRESENT POS at the top will now be on
the left side of the screen. In a couple of minutes or less, this page will
display the aircraft’s present position. It shows the position both in latitude/longitude and in terms of the radial and distance from a nearby
VOR. Verify that the position is correct before proceeding.
5. Press the D button. A page with the words DIRECT TO is now
displayed on the left. In step 6 you will enter the identifier of the destination airport. The identifier will have a “K” prefix for a Continental U.S. airport, a “C” prefix for a Canadian airport, or a “P” prefix for an Alaskan airport if the identifier is all letters. For example, LAX becomes KLAX. If
the airport identifier contains any numbers, there is no prefix. For
example, TX04 is entered as TX04. For other areas of the world the
airport identifier entered should be identical to how it is charted.
6. Rotate the left inner knob until the first character of the airport identifier is
displayed. Turn the left outer knob one step clockwise to move the
flashing segment to the second character position. Rotate the left inner
knob to select the second character of the identifier. Use this procedure
to enter the complete airport identifier.
7. Press E. The right side will display a page showing the identifier,
name, and position of the airport just entered. Confirm that the correct
airport is displayed. Press E a second time to approve the airport
data.
8. A Navigation page is now on the right side of the screen. It displays the
distance, ETE, and bearing to the destination airport. In addition, it displays groundspeed, and a course deviation indicator. If the left inner
knob is rotated one step counterclockwise, you will get an enlarged
Navigation page occupying the entire screen.
This abbreviated operation manual describes many of the frequently used
features of the KLN 90B in a condensed format for your convenience. It
does not replace the KLN 90B Pilot’s Guide. The KLN 90B has many very
useful features which are not described in this manual. Be sure to keep
your KLN 90B Pilot’s Guide with you in the aircraft to use as a reference.
2
IMPORTANT:
This abbreviated operation manual does not include any
information on how to use the KLN 90B for flying approaches or
SID/STAR procedures. Refer to the KLN 90B Pilot’s Guide and the aircraft
flight manual supplement for instructions on these procedures.
1.0 TURN ON
• Push the Power/Brightness knob located in the upper right corner of unit
to the “in” position. The unit is turned off by pulling this knob to the “out”
position.
• After a few seconds of warm up, the screen will show a Turn-On page
with the words SELF TEST IN PROGRESS at the bottom.
• Rotate the Power/Brightness knob to select the desired screen brightness.
• After a few moments the Turn-On page will automatically be replaced
with the Self Test page. The Self Test page is recognizable because it
shows the date and time on the right side.
(Note: If the unit is in the takehome mode, a page stating that the unit is in the Take-Home mode will
appear before the Self Test page. Press
E
to acknowledge the state-
ment and to bring up the Self Test page.)
• Verify that the information shown on the left side of the Self Test page is
correct and that ANNUN ON is displayed in the bottom left corner. If
TEST FAIL is displayed, the KLN 90B has failed an internal self test and
should not be used for navigation. If the KLN 90B is interfaced with the
left/right deviation bar (D-Bar) of an HSI or CDI, the D-Bar should be half
scale to the right. In some installations where the KLN 90B is interfaced
with certain EFIS systems the D-bar will be about one third scale to the
right. If interfaced to a compatible RMI, the RMI should be pointing to
130 degrees. If interfaced to a compatible DME indicator, the DME indicator should display 34.5 nm. If necessary, refer to the KLN 90B Pilot’s
Guide for more information.
3
The KLN 90B stores the correct time, date and last location of the aircraft
in memory. If any of these parameters are not correct then the GPS
receiver in the KLN 90B will automatically enter a mode in which it can
determine this information. This usually will take less than 12 minutes, so
the KLN 90B should be able to determine its position by the time you have
taxied to the runway. However, if quicker time to lock onto satellites is
required it is possible to shorten this time by giving the KLN 90B the correct date and time. This is explained in the following two steps.
• If the date is incorrect, rotate the right outer knob counterclockwise until
the cursor is over the entire date. Rotate the right inner knob until the
correct day of the month is displayed. Then, rotate the right outer knob
one step clockwise to place the flashing part of the cursor over the
month field (three dashes). Rotate the right inner knob to display the
correct month. Rotate the right outer knob one step clockwise again and
then use the right inner knob to select the first digit of the correct year (a
9 for 1994, for example). Next, rotate the right outer knob one more step
clockwise and then use the right inner knob to select the second digit of
the year. When the date is correct press E.
• If it is necessary to reset the time, use the right outer knob to position the
cursor over the time zone. Use the right inner knob to select the desired
time zone. UTC (Coordinated Universal Time, which is also called
“Zulu”) is always a good choice. Now, turn the right outer knob one step
counterclockwise to position the cursor over the entire time field. Use
the right inner knob to select the correct hour. Since 24 hour time is
used be sure to add 12 if the time is after 1:00 P.M. (2:30 P.M. becomes
14:30). Next, turn the right outer knob one step clockwise to position the
flashing part of the cursor over the first minutes position. Turn the right
inner knob to select the correct value. Turn the right outer knob one
more step clockwise to position the flashing part of the cursor over the
second minutes position. The right inner knob is now used to finalize the
time selection. When the correct time has been entered, press E to
start the clock running.
• Turn the right outer knob clockwise to position the cursor over the first
two digits of the altimeter baro set field if the cursor is not there already.
The last KLN 90B baro setting entered is displayed.
NOTE: The KLN 90B will use an altitude input from an altitude encoder or
air data computer. Since the altitude from these devices is usually pressure altitude, altimeter baro correction is required to ensure maximum
accuracy. This altitude input is used for altitude related features of the
KLN 90B. Therefore, it is important to keep the altimeter baro setting
4
updated on the Self Test page when power is first applied to the KLN 90B
and on the Altitude page each time a new baro correction is made to the
aircraft’s altimeter. The altimeter baro setting may be changed at a later
time from inches to millibars (or vice versa) on the SET 7 page. The
altimeter baro set field will not be a cursor field if the KLN 90B is interfaced to certain air data/altimeter systems which update the baro set field
when the aircraft’s altimeter baro setting is updated.
To enter the correct baro setting, rotate the right inner knob to select the
first two digits of the correct altimeter setting. Rotate the right outer knob
one step clockwise to move the flashing cursor over the third position.
Use the right inner knob to select the correct number. Use the right outer
and inner knobs to complete the baro setting. Now press E. With the
correct altimeter setting entered, the altitude displayed on line 4 should be
correct within 100 feet.
• Use the right outer knob to position the cursor over APPROVE (if the
cursor is not there already) and press E to approve the Self Test page.
(
Note:
If the KLN 90B is installed for VFR only operation, a VFR only
warning page is displayed after the self test page has been approved.
This warning page must be acknowledged by pressing
E
. If the KLN
90B has an external GPS CRS switch and the switch is in the OBS position, then an OBS warning page will be presented after the self test page
has been approved. Press the GPS CRS button to put the unit into the
LEG mode. After the GPS CRS button indicates LEG, then the KLN 90B
will continue the start-up process.)
• The screen will now display the Database page, which shows the date
the database expires or the date on which it expired. Press E to
acknowledge.
WARNING: The accuracy of the database information is assured
only if it is used before the expiration date. Use of out of date database information is done entirely at the user’s own risk.
• The NAV 2 page (present position) will now be displayed on the left side
of the screen and the waypoint page for the last active waypoint (before
the KLN 90B was last turned off) will be displayed on the right side. If
the last active waypoint was an airport, the the APT 4 page (airport communications) will be displayed on the right side.
• When the KLN 90B is ready to navigate, the NAV 2 page will display the
present position both in terms of latitude/longitude and in terms of the
radial and distance from a nearby VOR.
5
2.0 BASIC OPERATION OF PANEL CONTROLS
2.1 Page Selection
The screen is normally divided into five segments defined by vertical and
horizontal lines on the screen. The large top left segment is called the left
page and the large top right segment is called the right page. The small
lower left segment displays the name of the left page being displayed
while the small lower right segment displays the name of the right page
being displayed. The lower middle segment displays the mode of operation (ex: ENR-LEG is Enroute-Leg mode which is the normal mode for
enroute operations).
NOTE: When power is applied to the KLN 90B it always “wakes up” in the
Enroute-Leg mode. Only the Enroute-Leg mode is described in this
manual. In this mode the KLN 90B performs great circle navigation (the
shortest distance between two points located on the earth’s surface). The
course deviation output displayed on the unit’s internal course deviation
indicator (CDI) and provided to an external HSI or CDI is five nautical
miles left and right, full scale sensitivity. The OBS mode and the
approach modes are described in the KLN 90B Pilot’s Guide.
The two concentric knobs and C button on the left are used to control
the left page and the two concentric knobs and C button on the right are
used to control the right page. The right inner knob has an “in” and an
“out” position. It should be pushed to the “in” position for now.
The cursor is an area of inverse video (dark characters on a light background). Many pages allow you to add, delete, or change data on the
6
Top Left Segment
"Left Page"
Lower Left
Segment
Lower Middle
Segment
Top Right Segment
"Right Page"
Lower Right
Segment
screen by first pressing the appropriate C button (left C for left page
and right C for right page) to turn the cursor function on and bring the
cursor on the screen. The appropriate concentric knobs are then used to
enter the data. When a cursor is on the screen, the page name normally
shown in the lower left and right segments is replaced with a CRSR
annunciation in inverse video. Not all pages allow you to make data entry,
and therefore pressing the C button while these pages are displayed will
have no effect.
There are eight types of pages that may be displayed on the left side of
the screen and ten types of pages that may be displayed on the right side.
The abbreviations for these page types are displayed around the outside
of the left and right outer knobs. The page types are different on the left
and right sides with the exception of the NAV (Navigation) type, which
appears on both sides. To select a page type, the cursor must not be displayed on the side of the screen where page selection is to be made. If
the cursor is displayed, the appropriate C button must be pressed to
turn the cursor function off. To select the NAV page type on the right side,
turn the right outer knob until NAV is displayed in the lower right segment.
The order in which the page types will be displayed is the same as the
order they are positioned around the outer knob. Thus, if APT (Airport) is
displayed in the lower right segment, turning the right outer knob one step
counterclockwise or nine steps clockwise will display NAV.
Many types of pages, such as NAV, have more than one page. There are
five NAV pages for example. Once the type of page has been selected
using the outer knob, the inner knob is used to select the specific page.
For example, if NAV 3 is displayed in the lower right segment then the
NAV 3 page is being displayed in the upper right segment. To view the
NAV 1 page turn the right inner knob two steps counterclockwise or three
steps clockwise, and NAV 1 will be displayed. Some types of pages such
as VOR only have one page. Turning the inner knob while it is in the “in”
position, will have no effect on the VOR page type and other types of
pages having only one page.
If all of the information to be displayed won’t fit on a specific page, a “+”
sign is used to indicate that there is additional information of the same
kind available for viewing. The inner knob is turned to see the additional
information but the name and number of the page doesn’t change. For
example, it is not uncommon to see APT+4. The APT 4 page always displays the communications frequencies for the selected airport. If all of the
frequencies don’t fit on one page, there will be two or more APT 4 pages
used to display all of the frequencies.
7
The eight page types for the left side are the following:
Page Annunciation
Knob Annunciation Page Name Page Numbers
TRI TRIP Trip Planning 0 - 6
MOD MODE Mode 1 - 2
FPL FPL Flight Plan 0 - 25
NAV NAV Navigation 1 - 5
CAL CALC Calculator 1 - 7
STA STAT Status 1 - 4
SET SETUP Setup 0 - 9
OTH OTHER Other 0 - 4 *
* up to 10 with fuel management system and air data interfaces
The ten page types for the right side are the following:
Page Annunciation
Knob Annunciation Page Name Page Numbers
CTR CTR Center Wpt. 1 - 2
REF REF Reference Wpt. None
ACT ACTV Active Wpt. **
D/T D/T Distance/Time 1 - 4
NAV NAV Navigation 1 - 5
APT APT Airport Wpt. 1 - 8
VOR VOR VOR Wpt. None
NDB NDB NDB Wpt. None
INT INT Intersection Wpt. None
SUP SUPL Supplemental Wpt. None
** Varies with the type of waypoints in the active flight plan
2.2 Entering Waypoint Identifiers
Waypoints are stored in the database by their ICAO (International Civil
Aviation Organization) identifiers. To use these waypoints it is only necessary to enter the ICAO identifier of the waypoint, thus saving the labor of
entering a latitude and longitude.
One area of potential confusion is airport identifiers in the Continental
United States, Alaska, and Canada. Many airports in these three areas
use identifiers having four letters beginning with a prefix letter that corresponds to the geographic area in which it is located. The prefix letter of
the Contiguous United States is “K”. Thus, the identifier for Los Angeles
International airport is KLAX, not LAX, which is the identifier of Los
Angeles VOR. Not all airport identifiers receive the prefix letter. Airport
identifiers which are a combination of letters and numbers do not receive
the prefix letter.
8
NOTE: If you are entering an airport identifier that is all letters (no numbers), then it will begin with a “K” prefix in the Contiguous U.S., a “P” in
Alaska, or a “C” in Canada. If there are numbers in the identifier, then a
prefix is not used. For other areas of the world the airport identifier stored
in the KLN 90B database is identical to how it is charted. Like all rules
there are also exceptions to the guidelines given above. If the above rules
do not work it is possible to scan through the database using a procedure
described in section 3.7.4 of the KLN 90B Pilot’s Guide, “Selecting
Waypoints By Name and City.”
The general procedure for entering a waypoint identifier is described
below. You need not perform these steps now since they will be
described again shortly.
• If the cursor is not positioned on the screen location where you desire to
enter the waypoint identifier, press C (left C for left page or right C
for right page) to turn on the cursor function.
• If required, rotate the outer knob (left outer knob for left page or right
outer knob for right page) to position the cursor in the desired location.
• Rotate the appropriate inner knob to select the first character of the waypoint identifier.
• Turn the appropriate outer knob one step clockwise to move the cursor
to the second character position.
• Rotate the inner knob to select the second character.
• Use the outer and inner knobs in this manner until the complete waypoint
identifier is displayed. Note that you may not have to enter the last characters of the identifier because each time you enter a character, the KLN
90B offers you the first identifier in the database beginning with the characters you have entered.
• If the E is flashing in the lower middle segment of the display then
press the E button.
2.3 The Duplicate Waypoint Page
There are some waypoints in the database whose identifiers are not
unique. That is, more than one waypoint has the same identifier. When a
waypoint identifier has been entered which is not unique to a single waypoint, a Duplicate Waypoint page appears on the left side. The Duplicate
Waypoint page is used to select which of the waypoints having the same
identifier is actually desired. The waypoint identifier is displayed on the
top left of the page. To the right of the identifier is the number of
9
waypoints in the database having the identifier. Below the identifier is a
list of the waypoint types (APT, VOR, NDB, INT, SUP) and the associated
countries which use the identifier. To see an example of a Duplicate
Waypoint page perform the following steps:
• Press D.
• Turn the left inner knob to select the letter D as a waypoint identifier. “D”
is the full identifier of several waypoints in the KLN 90B database.
Press E. The Duplicate Waypoint page will be displayed on the left side
. At the time of this writing, there were ten waypoints in the database
having the identifier “D”. As in this example, if there are more than four
waypoints having the same identifier, only the first four are initially shown.
The list includes an NDB in Canada, an NDB in Cuba, an NDB in the
United States, and an NDB in Libya. The cursor will be over the first waypoint listed. They are listed with the waypoint closest to the aircraft’s present position displayed first and the waypoint farthest from the aircraft displayed last. To view the rest, rotate the left outer knob clockwise. Doing
so will move the flashing cursor over waypoints two, three, and four and
then will cause the waypoint list to “scroll” so that the other waypoints in
the list may be seen. To select the desired waypoint, move the cursor
over the appropriate choice.
• Press E to view the waypoint page for the selected waypoint.
• Press E to approve the waypoint page.
3.0 INITIALIZATION AND TIME TO FIRST FIX
Since the KLN 90B stores its position and other required parameters in
memory when power to the unit is removed, it is seldom necessary to aid
the unit in reaching a NAV ready condition. The time required from power
on until the KLN 90B determines its present position and is therefore ready
to navigate is called “time to first fix.” The time to first fix is normally a few
minutes or less. In order for the KLN 90B to reach a NAV ready condition, it
is necessary to meet the following conditions:
1. The KLN 90B’s “almanac” data must be current. Almanac data is crude
orbital information for all the satellites and is used for initial acquisition
when the KLN 90B is first turned on. This data is stored in the KLN
90B’s non-volatile memory and is considered current for up to six
months. Each satellite sends almanac data for all satellites. Since the
KLN 90B routinely updates the almanac data during normal operation,
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the almanac data will become out of date only if the KLN 90B hasn’t
been used for the previous six months or longer. Collecting new
almanac data takes place automatically if the data is more than six
months old. If the almanac data is out of date and needs to be collected,
the KLN 90B will take a few minutes to acquire your present position
(usually about six (6) minutes, but not more than 12 minutes). The Self
Test and Database pages should be approved.
2. The aircraft must be located such that the GPS antenna has an unobstructed view of the sky so that required satellite signals are not being
blocked. If necessary, position the aircraft away from hangars or other
obstructions.
3. It is very helpful for the KLN 90B to have the correct time, date and position to be able to determine which satellites should be in view. This information is stored in the battery backed memory of the KLN 90B so it is
not normally required to update it. If the KLN 90B has the correct time,
date and position, then the time to first fix will usually be less than two (2)
minutes. If this information is not correct, then the KLN 90B will start to
look for any satellites. Eventually, the KLN 90B will find enough satellites
to determine the position of the aircraft. This process can take as long as
12 minutes. It is possible for you to update this information manually
which will allow the KLN 90B to reach a NAV ready status much faster.
To set the time and date follow steps 6 and 7 in section 3.2, “Turn-On
and Self-Test.” If it is necessary to update the position then use the following steps. Remember, if acquisition time is not important then it is not
necessary to update the time, date or position.
• Select the Setup 1 page (SET 1) by first turning the left outer knob to dis-
play a SET type page. Next, turn the left inner knob until the SET 1 page
is selected.
• Press the left C to bring the cursor on the page over the WPT field .
• Use the left inner knob to enter the first character of the identifier for the
airport where you are presently located or the identifier of a navaid or
other airport which is close to you. Remember, if you are entering an airport identifier that is all letters (no numbers), then it will begin with a “K”
prefix in the Contiguous U.S., a “P” in Alaska, or a “C” in Canada. If
there are numbers in the identifier then a prefix is not used. Outside the
Contiguous U.S., Alaska, and Canada, use the airport identifiers as they
are charted.
• Rotate the left outer knob one step clockwise to move the flashing portion of the cursor to the second position and then use the left inner knob
to enter the second character of the identifier.
• Complete entering the rest of the identifier using the left knobs in the
same manner as in step 4.
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• Press E to view the waypoint page on the right side.
• Press E again to confirm the waypoint page.
NOTE: As an alternative, you can also enter the approximate latitude and
longitude of your present position directly on the SET 1 page instead of
entering a waypoint identifier.
• Use the left outer knob to position the cursor over CONFIRM?, if it is not
there already.
• Press E.
NOTE: The groundspeed
(KT)
and heading ( °) fields are not used for
actual initialization in an aircraft. However, if the KLN 90B is in the takehome mode, entering a groundspeed will allow the KLN 90B to “fly” along
the active flight plan (or to a direct to waypoint) starting from the initialization
waypoint. A heading may be entered in the initial heading field while in the
take-home mode if the one offered is not desired. If the take-home mode is
used, remember to re-initialize the KLN 90B to the aircraft’s location before
re-installing it back in the aircraft.
• Use the left knobs to select the NAV 2 page. When the KLN 90B
reaches the NAV ready status and is therefore able to navigate, the NAV
2 page will display the present position. Verify that the latitude and longitude or the VOR, radial, and distance display of present position are correct.
4.0 DIRECT TO NAVIGATION
The D button is used to initiate Direct To navigation (navigation from the
aircraft’s present position direct to a selected waypoint). When D is
pressed the Direct To page is displayed on the left side with a flashing
cursor over a waypoint identifier. The waypoint identifier which appears
on the Direct To page is chosen by the KLN 90B according to the following rules:
1. If the Flight Plan 0 page is displayed on the left side and the cursor is
over one of the waypoint identifiers in Flight Plan 0 when D is pressed,
then that waypoint identifier will appear on the Direct To page. You will
appreciate this feature when you learn to use flight plans in section 13.0
“OPERATING FROM THE ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN.”
2. If the scanning feature of the Super NAV 5 page is used (as described in
section 5.7) then the waypoint displayed on the Direct To page will be
the waypoint in the scan window when D was pressed.
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If this condition isn’t occurring, then:
3. If there is any waypoint page (APT 1-8 page, VOR page, NDB page, INT
page, SUP page, or ACT page) in view on the right side when D is
pressed, then the Direct To page will contain the identifier for the waypoint page being viewed on the right side.
If neither of the conditions above are occurring, then:
4. When D is pressed, the waypoint identifier for the current active
waypoint will be displayed.
5. If there is no active waypoint when D is pressed, then the Direct To
page displays blanks.For there not to be an active waypoint, there can
be no Direct To waypoint and no waypoints in Flight Plan 0.
The application of rules 1and 2 are described in section 13.4, “Combining
Direct To And Flight Plan Operation.” With the other in mind, here are
three procedures for initiating Direct To navigation.
4.1 Direct To - Procedure A
• Press D. The Direct To page is displayed on the left side. The cursor
will already be on the left page. A waypoint identifier may or may not be
displayed, it doesn’t matter at this point.
• Rotate the left inner knob to select the first character of the desired way-
point’s identifier. Remember to enter the “K”, “C”, or “P” prefix for certain
airports, if required (see section 2.2, “Entering Waypoint Identifiers”).
• Turn the left outer knob one step clockwise to move the flashing portion
of the cursor over the second character position.
• Rotate the left inner knob to select the second character of the identifier.
• Use the left outer and inner knobs as in the previous steps until the
desired identifier is completely displayed.
• Press E to display the waypoint page on the right side for the selected
waypoint. (If an incorrect identifier has been entered, you may immediately start using the left inner knob to re-enter the correct identifier.)
• Press E again to approve the displayed waypoint page. The right side
will display the NAV 1 page and the left side will return to the page which
was displayed prior to pressing D (unless the NAV 1 page was on the
left side or the Super NAV 5 page was selected, in which case the pages
will revert to the state they were in prior to the direct to operation). The
selected waypoint is now the active Direct To waypoint.
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4.2 Direct To - Procedure B
• Select the desired waypoint type (APT, VOR, NDB, INT, or SUP) on the
right page.
• Select the desired waypoint identifier using the following method:
a. Press the right C. The cursor will be over the first character in
the waypoint identifier.
b. Rotate the right inner knob to select the first character of the
desired identifier.
c. Turn the right outer knob one step clockwise to move the cursor to
the second character and then use the right inner knob to select
the second character.
d. Use the right outer and inner knobs as in the previous two steps to
complete the identifier.
• Press D. The Direct To page is displayed on the left side and it contains the desired waypoint identifier.
• Press E to approve the waypoint page displayed on the right side.
The right side will display the NAV 1 page, and the left side will return to
the page which was displayed prior to pressing D (unless the NAV 1
page was on the left side in which case the pages will revert to the state
they were in prior to the direct to operation). The selected waypoint is
now the active Direct To waypoint.
4.3 Direct To - Procedure C
• Select the desired waypoint type (APT, VOR, NDB, INT, or SUP) on the
right page.
• Select the desired waypoint identifier using the following method:
a. Pull the right inner knob to the “out” position. Make sure the right
cursor function is turned off.
b. Rotate the right inner knob in either direction to scan through the
waypoint identifiers in alphabetical order. The faster you rotate the
knob, the larger the change. Numbers precede letters in the list.
c. When the desired identifier is found, press the right inner knob
back to the “in” position.
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