Instruction Manual
HI 83748
TARTARIC ACID
ISM
for wine analysis
www.hannainst.com
MAN83748R3 04/06
www.hannainst.com
This Instrument is in
Compliance with the CE Directives
Dear Customer,
Thank you for choosing a Hanna product. This manual will provide you with the necessary
information for the correct use of the instrument. Please read it carefully before using the meter. If
you need additional technical information, do not hesitate to e-mail us at tech@hannainst.com.
This instrument is in compliance with
directives.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION ............................................................................................... 3
GENERAL DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................................... 4
SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................................................ 5
PRECISION AND ACCURACY ................................................................................................. 5
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION ..................................................................................................6
ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................ 7
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................8
GUIDE TO DISPLAY CODES .................................................................................................. 9
GENERAL TIPS FOR AN ACCURATE MEASUREMENT ............................................................. 11
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE.............................................................................................13
BATTERIES REPLACEMENT ................................................................................................ 16
ACCESSORIES ................................................................................................................. 16
CE DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY .................................................................................... 17
WARRANTY ................................................................................................................. 17
HANNA LITERATURE .........................................................................................................18
USER NOTES ................................................................................................................. 19
USER NOTES
Date
Tartaric Acid
Value (g/L)
Notes
All rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the written consent
of the copyright owner, Hanna Instruments Inc., Woonsocket, Rhode Island, 02895 , USA.
2
19
HANNA LITERATURE
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
Hanna publishes a wide range of catalogs and handbooks for an equally wide range of applications.
The reference literature currently covers areas such as:
• Water Treatment
• Process
• Swimming Pools
• Agriculture
• Food
• Laboratory
and many others. New reference material is constantly being added to the library.
For these and other catalogs, handbooks and leaflets contact your dealer or the Hanna Customer
Service Center nearest to you. To find the Hanna Office in your vicinity, check our home page at
www.hannainst.com.
Please examine this product carefully. Make sure that the instrument is not damaged. If any damage
occured during shipment, please notify your Dealer.
Each HI 83748 Ion Selective Meter is supplied complete with:
• Two sample cuvets and caps
• Reagents for 5 tests (HI 83748A-O, HI 83748B-O)
• One 200 µL automatic pipette with Instruction Sheet
• Two plastic tips for 200 µL automatic pipette
• One 5 mL syringe with tip
• 12 VDC transformer (
• Four 1,5V AA batteries
• Tissue for wiping cuvets
• Instruction manual
• Instrument Quality Certificate
• Rigid carrying case
HI 710005 HI 710005
HI 710005 or
HI 710005 HI 710005
HI 710006HI 710006
HI 710006)
HI 710006HI 710006
18
Note:save all packing material until you are sure that the instrument works correctly. Any
defective item must be returned in its original packing.
3
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The HI 83748 is an auto-diagnostic portable microprocessor meter that benefits from Hanna’s
years of experience as a manufacturer of analytical instruments. It has an advanced optical system
based on a special tungsten lamp and a narrow band interference filter that allows most accurate
and repeatable readings. All instruments are factory calibrated.
The auto-diagnostic feature of this meter ensures always optimal measurement conditions to
ensure most precise readings. The light level is automatically adjusted each time a zero-measurement
is made, and the temperature of the lamp is controlled to avoid overheating.
SIGNIFICANCE OF USE
Tartaric acid and tartrate are playing an important role in the stability of wines. They can be present in
wine and juice in various forms, like tartaric acid (H2T), potassium bi-tartrate (KHT) or calcium tartrate
(CaT). The ratio of these depends mainly on the pH of the wine. The percent of tartrate present as
bitartrate (HT-) is maximum at pH 3.7.
The formation of crystalline deposits (tartrate casse) is a phenomenon of wine aging but does not meet
customer acceptance. It is therefore important to test for, and to reduce potential of bottle precipitation;
for example by adjusting the pH of the wine that significantly influences the potential of casse formation.
Potassium concentrations in wine can range from 600 to 2500 ppm in certain red wines. Although the
potassium bi-tartrate is soluble in water, alcohol and low temperatures decrease its solubility. Especially
during the alcoholic fermentation potassium bi-tartrate becomes increasingly insoluble resulting in
super-saturation and precipitation. The KHT stability can be restored by chilling (with or without
seeding). Wines with initial pH values below 3.65 can show a reduction in pH during cold stabilization
because of generation of one free proton for each KHT precipitated. The pH may drop as much as 0.2
pH units. For wines at higher pH than 3.7 the pH shifts to a higher pH.
Calcium concentrations can range from 6 to 165 ppm and may complex with tartrate or oxalate to
form crystalline precipitates. Calcium tartrate instabilities occur normally from 4 to 7 months after
fermentation and are temperature independent.
Sulphates, proteins, gum and poly-phenols can form stable complexes with tartrate thus inhibiting
case formation. The complexes are mainly between poly-phenols and tartaric acid in red, and proteins
in white wine. This explains why, as pigment polymerization occurs, the holding capacity of tartaric
acid diminishes, resulting in delayed casse. The sulfate instead does complex with potassium from
50% in white wines up to 100% in red ones.
Tartaric acid concentrations in wine range normally from 1.5 to 4.0 g/L. This acid concentration may
not be confused with total or titratable acidity of wines that are often expressed in tartaric acid content
too. Although it is the tartaric acid that is the predominantly present acid (up to 60% of the total
acidity), others like malic, citric and several volatile acids do give a significant contribution to total
acidity.
CE DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
Recommendations for Users
Before using these products, make sure that
they are entirely suitable for your specific
application and for the environment in which
they are used.
Operation of these instruments may cause
unacceptable interferences to other electronic
equipments, this requiring the operator to take
all necessary steps to correct interferences.
Any variation introduced by the user to the
supplied equipment may degrade the
instruments' EMC performance.
To avoid damages or burns, do not put the
instrument in microwave ovens. For yours and
the instrument safety do not use or store the
instrument in hazardous environments.
WARRANTY
HI 83748 is warranted for two years against defects in workmanship and materials when used for
its intended purpose and maintained according to the instructions.
This warranty is limited to repair or replacement free of charge.
Damages due to accident, misuse, tampering or lack of prescribed maintenance are not covered.
If service is required, contact your dealer. If under warranty, report the model number, date of
purchase, serial number and the nature of the failure. If the repair is not covered by the warranty,
you will be notified of the charges incurred.
If the instrument is to be returned to Hanna Instruments, first obtain a Returned Goods Authorization
Number from the Customer Service Department and then send it with shipment costs prepaid.
When shipping any instrument, make sure it is properly packaged for complete protection.
To validate your warranty, fill out and return the enclosed warranty card within 14 days from the
date of purchase.
Hanna Instruments reserves the right to modify the design, construction and appearance of its products
without advance notice.
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17
BATTERIES REPLACEMENT
SPECIFICATIONS
Battery replacement must only take place in a nonhazardous area.
The blinking “ ” will appear when the batteries power
gets low.
When batteries are completely discharged, “0% bAtt”
will appear and after two seconds the instrument is
switched off.
Remove the battery cover from the bottom of the
instrument and change the old batteries with 4 fresh
1.5V batteries, paying attention to the correct polarity.
Replace the cover.
ACCESSORIES
REAGENT SETS
HI 83748-20 Tartaric Acid reagents set for wine (20 tests)
OTHER ACCESSORIES
HI 740027P 1.5V AA batteries (10 pcs)
HI 731318 Tissue for wiping cuvets (4 pcs)
HI 731321 Glass cuvets (4 pcs)
HI 731325W Caps for cuvets (4 pcs)
HI 93703-50 Cuvets cleaning solution (230 mL)
HI 740226 5 mL graduated syringe
HI 731340 200 µL automatic pipette
HI 731350 Plastic tips for 200 µL automatic pipette (25 pcs)
Range 0.0-5.0 g/L
Resolution 0.1 g/L
Precision SD ±0.1 g/L @ 2.0 g/L
Light Source Tungsten lamp with narrow band interference filter @ 525 nm
Light Detector Silicon Photocell
Method The reaction between Tartaric Acid and the reagents causes a yellow/
orange red tint in the sample.
Environment 0 to 50°C (32 to 122°F); max 95% RH non-condensing
Battery Type 4 x 1,5 volt AA batteries / 12 to 20 VDC through voltage adapter
Dimensions 225 x 85 x 80 mm (8.7 x 3.3 x 3.1")
Weight 500 g (17,6 oz.)
REQUIRED REAGENTS
Code Description Quantity/test
HI 83748A-0 Tartaric Acid Reagent A 5 mL
HI 83748B-0 Tartaric Acid Reagent B 6 drops
PRECISION AND ACCURACY
Precision is how closely repeated measurements agree
with each other. Precision is usually expressed as
standard deviation (SD). Accuracy is defined as the
nearness of a test result to the true value.
Although good precision suggests good accuracy,
precise results can be inaccurate. The figure explains
these definitions.
In a laboratory using a standard solution of 2.0 g/L
tartaric acid and a representative lot of reagent, an
operator obtained with a single instrument a standard
deviation of
0.1 mg/L.
16
5
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
Absorption of Light is a typical phenomenon of interaction between electromagnetic radiation and
matter. When a light beam crosses a substance, some of the radiation may be absorbed by atoms,
molecules or crystal lattices.
If pure absorption occurs, the fraction of light absorbed depends both on the optical path length
through the matter and on the
Lambert-Beer Law:
physical-chemical characteristics of the substance according to the
-log I/Io = ε
λ
c d
or
A = ε
c d
λ
• Press TIMER and the instrument will show the
countdown or, alternatively, wait for 60 minutes.
At the end an acoustic signal alerts the user
that the countdown has finished.
• Press READ and the display will show “----”
during measurement.
Where:
-log I/I
= Absorbance (A)
o
Io= intensity of incident light beam
I = intensity of light beam after absorption
ε
= molar extinction coefficient at wavelength λ
λ
c = molar concentration of the substance
d = optical path through the substance
Therefore, the concentration "c" can be calculated from the absorbance of the substance as the
other factors are known.
Photometric chemical analysis is based on the possibility to develop an absorbing compound from
a specific chemical reaction between sample and reagents. Given that the absorption of a
compound strictly depends on the wavelength of the incident light beam, a narrow spectral
bandwidth should be selected as well as a proper central wavelength to optimize measurements.
The optical system of Hanna's HI 83000 series colorimeters is based on special subminiature
tungsten lamps and narrow-band interference filters to guarantee both high performance and
reliable results.
• The instrument directly displays concentration
in g/L (ppt) of tartaric acid on the Liquid
Crystal Display.
Block diagram (optical layout)
6
15
• Place the cuvet into the holder and close
the lid.
• Press ZERO and “----” will blink on the display.
• After a few seconds the display will show
“-0.0-”. The meter is now zeroed and ready
for measurement
• Remove the cuvet from the instrument and
open the cap.
• Add 6 drops of HI 83748B-0 reagent B to the
cuvet.
x 6
A microprocessor controlled special tungsten lamp emits radiation which is first optically conditioned
and beamed to the sample contained in the cuvet. The optical path is fixed by the diameter of the
cuvet. Then the light is spectrally filtered to a narrow spectral bandwidth, to obtain a light beam of
intensity I
or I.
o
The photoelectric cell collects the radiation I that is not absorbed by the sample and converts it
into an electric current, producing a potential in the mV range.
The microprocessor uses this potential to convert the incoming value into the desired measuring
unit and to display it on the LCD.
The measurement process is carried out in two phases: first the meter is zeroed and then the actual
measurement is performed.
The cuvet has a very important role because it is an optical element and thus requires particular
attention. It is important that both the measurement and the calibration (zeroing) cuvets are
optically identical to provide the same measurement conditions. Whenever possible use the same
cuvet for both. It is necessary that the surface of the cuvet is clean and not scratched. This to avoid
measurement interference due to unwanted reflection and absorption of light. It is recommended
not to touch the cuvet walls with hands.
Furthermore, in order to maintain the same conditions during the zeroing and the measuring
phases, it is necessary to close the cuvet to prevent any contamination.
ABBREVIATIONS
• Replace the cap and shake gently to mix.
• Reinsert the cuvet into the instrument and
close the lid.
14
US Environmental Protection Agency
EPA:
degree Celsius
°C:
degree Fahrenheit
°F:
milligrams per liter. mg/L is equivalent to ppm (part per million)
mg/L:
milliliter
mL:
Liquid Crystal Display
LCD:
7
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION
FRONT
REAR
DISPLAY ELEMENTS DESCRIPTION
1) Lid
2) Cuvet Holder
3) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
4) ON/OFF key, to turn the meter on and off
5) ZERO key, to zero the meter
6) TIMER key, to activate a countdown
7) READ key, to perform measurement
8) Power Socket 12V to 20V DC 2.5 Watt
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE
• Turn the instrument on by pressing ON/OFF.
• When the LCD displays “---”, it is ready.
• Use the 200 µL automatic pipette to add
exactly 0,2 mL of wine sample to an empty
cuvet.
For a correct use of the automatic pipette
please follow the related Instruction Sheet.
• Use the 5 mL syringe to add exactly 5 mL of
HI 83748A-0 reagent A.
Note: in order to measure exactly 5 mL of
reagent with the syringe, follow the instructions
on page 11.
1) Four digit main display.
2) Battery icon: appears when the battery voltage is getting low.
3) The hourglass icon: appears during the countdown.
4) Status information.
5) Measurement unit.
6) Lamp status indicator.
7) Four digit secondary display.
8
5 mL
• Close the cuvet and shake gently for some
seconds.
13
• Proper use of the dropper:
(a) to get good reproducible results, tap the dropper on the table for several times and wipe
the outside of the dropper tip with a cloth.
(b) always keep the dropper bottle in a vertical position while dosing the reagent.
(a) (b)
• Whenever the cuvet is placed into the measurement
cell, it must be dry outside, and completely free of
fingerprints, oil or dirt. Wipe it thoroughly with
HI 731318 (tissue for wiping cuvets, see chapter
ACCESSORIES) or a lint-free cloth prior to insertion.
• Do not let the reacted sample stand too long after
reaction, or accuracy will be lost.
• After the reading it is important to discard immediately
the sample, otherwise the glass might become
permanently stained.
• All the reaction times reported in this manual are
referred to 20°C (68°F). As a general rule of thumb,
they should be doubled at 10°C (50°F) and halved at
30°C (86°F).
GUIDE TO DISPLAY CODES
This prompt appears for a few seconds each time the instrument is
turned ON.
These prompts indicate the type of power supply: “Line” (if the
external power supply is used) or the battery level.
Indicates that the instrument is in a ready state and waiting for the
next command (Timer or Zero).
After Timer is pressed, a blinking hourglass icon appears and the
display shows a 60 minutes coundown. Also the Zero tag might
blink if no zero measurement has been made before. At the end an
acoustic signal alerts the user that the countdown has finished.
Indicates that the meter is performing a zero measurement. The
light intensity is automatically re-adjusted (auto-calibration features)
if necessary.
The instrument is zeroed and a measurement can be made.
12
Indicates that the meter is making a measurement.
Batteries voltage is getting low and the batteries need to be
replaced.
9
Indicates that the batteries are dead and must be replaced. After this
message appears, the instrument is switched off. Change the batteries
and restart the meter.
GENERAL TIPS FOR AN ACCURATE MEASUREMENT
The instructions listed below should be carefully followed during testing to ensure best accuracy.
ERROR MESSAGES
The meter has lost its configuration. Contact your dealer or the nearest
Hanna Customer Service Center.
a) on zero reading:a) on zero reading:
a) on zero reading:
a) on zero reading:a) on zero reading:
“Light high”: there is too much light to perform a measurement.
Please check the preparation of the zero cuvet.
“Light low”: there is not enough light to perform a measurement.
Please check the preparation of the zero cuvet.
“No Light”: the lamp is not working because of a malfunction. Contact
your dealer or the nearest Hanna Customer Service Center.
b) on sample reading:b) on sample reading:
b) on sample reading:
b) on sample reading:b) on sample reading:
• For dosing the wine sample, we recommend to use
the supplied Hanna HI 731340 automatic pipette.
For a correct use of the Hanna automatic pipette,
please follow the related Instruction Sheet.
• In order to avoid reagent leaking and to obtain
more accurate measurements, it is recommended
to close the cuvet first with the supplied HDPE
plastic stopper
cap.
• In order to measure exactly 5 mL of reagent with
the 5 mL syringe:
(a) push the plunger completely into the syringe and insert the tip into the reagent bottle.
(b) pull the plunger up until the lower edge of the seal is exactly on the 5 mL mark.
(c) take out the syringe and clean the outside of the syringe tip. Be sure that no drops are
hanging on the tip of the syringe, if so eliminate them. Then, keeping the syringe in
vertical position above the cuvet, push the plunger completely down into the syringe. Now
the exact amount of 5 mL has been added to the cuvet.
and then with the black
Hanna
automatic pipette
“Inverted”: the sample and the zero cuvet are inverted.
The sample absorbs less light than the zero reference. Check the procedure and make sure you use the same cuvet for reference (zero)
and measurement.
A flashing value of the maximum concentration indicates an over
range condition. The concentration of the sample is beyond the
programmed range: dilute the sample and measure again.
10
(a) (b) (c)
11
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