Instruction Manual
HI 83746
REDUCING SUGARS
ISM
for wine analysis
www.hannainst.com
20
MAN83746R2 03/06
www.hannainst.com
This Instrument is in
Compliance with the CE Directives
1
Dear Customer,
Thank you for choosing a Hanna product. This manual will provide you with the necessary
information for the correct use of the instrument. Please read it carefully before using the meter. If
you need additional technical information, do not hesitate to e-mail us at tech@hannainst.com.
This instrument is in compliance with
directives.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION .............................................................................................. 3
GENERAL DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................... 4
SPECIFICATIONS .................................................................................................................5
PRECISION AND ACCURACY ................................................................................................ 5
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION .................................................................................................6
ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................7
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................ 8
GUIDE TO DISPLAY CODES ................................................................................................. 9
GENERAL TIPS FOR AN ACCURATE MEASUREMENT ........................................................... 11
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE ........................................................................................... 12
BATTERIES REPLACEMENT ................................................................................................. 17
ACCESSORIES .................................................................................................................. 17
CE DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY..................................................................................... 18
WARRANTY ...................................................................................................................... 18
HANNA LITERATURE.......................................................................................................... 19
USER NOTES.................................................................................................................... 19
HANNA LITERATURE
Hanna publishes a wide range of catalogs and handbooks for an equally wide range of applications. The
reference literature currently covers areas such as:
• Water Treatment
• Process
• Swimming Pools
• Agriculture
• Food
• Laboratory
and many others. New reference material is constantly being added to the library.
For these and other catalogs, handbooks and leaflets contact your dealer or the Hanna Customer
Service Center nearest to you. To find the Hanna Office in your vicinity, check our home page at
www.hannainst.com.
USER NOTES
Date
Reducing Sugars
(g/L)
Notes
All rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the written consent
of the copyright owner, Hanna Instruments Inc., Woonsocket, Rhode Island, 02895 , USA.
2
19
CE DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
Recommendations for Users
Before using these products, make sure that
they are entirely suitable for your specific
application and for the environment in which
they are used.
Operation of these instruments may cause
unacceptable interferences to other electronic
equipments, this requiring the operator to take
all necessary steps to correct interferences.
Any variation introduced by the user to the
supplied equipment may degrade the
instruments' EMC performance.
To avoid damages or burns, do not put the
instrument in microwave ovens. For yours and
the instrument safety do not use or store the
instrument in hazardous environments.
WARRANTY
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
Please examine this product carefully. Make sure that the instrument is not damaged. If any damage
occured during shipment, please notify your Dealer.
Each HI 83746 Ion Selective Meter is supplied complete with:
• Four glass cuvets and caps
• Reagents for about 20 tests (HI 83746A-0 and HI 83746B-0)
• HI 93703-59 Charcoal
• One 200 µL Automatic Pipette with two plastic tips
• One 1000 µL Automatic Pipette with two plastic tips
• Instruction Sheet for Automatic Pipette
• One Spoon; one Funnel; Filter paper (25 pieces)
• AC Adapter
• Four 1,5V AA batteries
• Tissue for wiping cuvets
• Instruction manual
• Instrument Quality Certificate and Warranty Card
• Rigid carrying case
HI 83746 is warranted for two years against defects in workmanship and materials when used for its
intended purpose and maintained according to the instructions.
This warranty is limited to repair or replacement free of charge.
Damages due to accident, misuse, tampering or lack of prescribed maintenance are not covered.
If service is required, contact your dealer. If under warranty, report the model number, date of
purchase, serial number and the nature of the failure. If the repair is not covered by the warranty,
you will be notified of the charges incurred.
If the instrument is to be returned to Hanna Instruments, first obtain a Returned Goods Authorization
Number from the Customer Service Department and then send it with shipment costs prepaid.
When shipping any instrument, make sure it is properly packaged for complete protection.
To validate your warranty, fill out and return the enclosed warranty card within 14 days from the
date of purchase.
Hanna Instruments reserves the right to modify the design, construction and appearance of its products
without advance notice.
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Note:save all packing material until you are sure that the instrument works correctly. Any
defective item must be returned in its original packing.
3
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
BATTERIES REPLACEMENT
The HI 83746 is an auto-diagnostic portable microprocessor meter that benefits from Hanna’s
years of experience as a manufacturer of analytical instruments. It has an advanced optical system
based on a special tungsten lamp and a narrow band interference filter that allows most accurate
and repeatable readings. All instruments are factory calibrated.
The auto-diagnostic feature of this meter ensures always optimal measurement conditions to
ensure most precise readings. The light level is automatically adjusted each time a zero-measurement
is made, and the temperature of the lamp is controlled to avoid overheating.
SIGNIFICANCE OF USE
The determination of concentration of reducing sugars (RS) is one of the most important parameters
that need to be measured during the wine making process.
Following the increase of RS during maturation of grapes can help to decide when to start harvest.
Having the highest possible sugar content is important because this is the main parameter that
defines the commercial value of grapes.
During the alcoholic fermentation instead, the decrease of sugars can be followed to decide when
fermentation is completed, or allows making corrective actions if the content of RS is too low to
obtain the desired alcohol degree or sweetness.
The predominant RS in grape products are glucose and fructose (hexoses). After reaction with excess
alkaline cupric tartrate (Fehling reagents), the RS content can be determined colorimetricly. The
Fehling method is not an exact determination but an index of the reducing sugar concentration,
because the reaction depends upon the amount and kind of RS present. When the reducing sugar
content is known at the beginning of fermentation, the potential alcohol degree can be estimated
multiplying the sugar concentration (in g/L) by 0.06.
Phenols interfere in the Fehling reaction and therefore red wine must be decolorized prior to analysis.
Wine also contains non-fermentable reducing sugars like pentose which will also be analysed by this
method.
Typical content of reducing sugars in must and wine
MustMust
Must sweet must 20-25 % 200-250 g/L
MustMust
normal 10-20 % 100-200 g/L
in fermentation 4-12.5 % 40-125 g/L
WineWine
Wine Sweet 2.5-12.5 % 25-125 g/L
WineWine
Semi sweet 0.8-2.5 % 8-25 g/L
Almost dry 0.2-0.8 % 2-8 g/L
Dry 0-0.2 % 0-2 g/L
Battery replacement must only take place in a nonhazardous area.
The blinking “
power gets low.
When batteries are completely discharged, “0% bAtt”
will appear and after two seconds the instrument is
switched off.
Remove the battery cover from the bottom of the
instrument and change the old batteries with 4 fresh
1.5V batteries, paying attention to the correct polarity.
Replace the cover.
” will appear when the batteries
ACCESSORIES
REAGENT SETS
HI 83746-20 Reducing Sugars reagents set (ca. 20 tests)
HI 93703-59 Charcoal for decoloration of Red Wine (about 100 tests)
OTHER ACCESSORIES
HI 839800 Reactor
HI 740216 Test tube cooling rack (for 25 vials)
HI 740217 Laboratory bench safety shield
HI 731331 Glass cuvets (4 pcs)
HI 731340 200 µL automatic pipette
HI 731350 Plastic tips for 200 µL automatic pipette (25 pcs)
HI 731341 1000 µL automatic pipette
HI 731351 Plastic tips for 1000 µL automatic pipette (25 pcs)
HI 740232 Filter paper type I (100 pcs)
HI 731325W Caps for cuvets (4 pcs)
HI 93703-50 Cuvets cleaning solution (230 mL)
HI 740027P 1.5V AA batteries (10 pcs)
HI 710005 Voltage adapter from 115V to 12 VDC (USA plug)
HI 710006 Voltage adapter from 230V to 12 VDC (European plug)
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If the expected RS concentration is less than 5.00 g/L please refer to the instructions below:
• Preheat the Hanna Reactor HI 839800 to 105 °C
(221°F). For a correct use of the reactor follow the
Reactor Instruction Manual.
Use of the optional HI 740217 safety shield is
recommended.
Do not use an oven or microwave.
• Remove the cap from two vials HI 83746A-0 Fehling
Solution A.
1 mL
• Use the HI 731341 1000 µL automatic pipette to add
exactly 1 mL (=1000 µL) of HI 83746B-0 Fehling
Solution B to each vial.
For a correct use of the automatic pipette please
follow the related Instruction Sheet.
wine
sample
1 mL
deionized
water
1 mL
• Use the HI 731341 1000 µL automatic pipette to add
exactly 1 mL (=1000 µL) of wine sample to one vial
(Sample) and 1 mL of deionized water to the other
vial (Blank).
Sample
Blank
1 mL
SPECIFICATIONS
Range 0.00-50.00 g/L
Resolution 0.25 g/L
Precision ±0.50 @ 10.00 g/L
Light Source Tungsten lamp with narrow band interference filter @ 610 nm
Light Detector Silicon Photocell
Method Fehling Method
Environment 0 to 50°C (32 to 122°F); max 95% RH non-condensing
Battery Type 4 x 1,5 volt AA batteries / 12 to 20 VDC through voltage adapter
Dimensions 224 x 87 x 77 mm (8.7 x 3.3 x 3.1")
Weight 512 g (17,6 oz.)
REQUIRED REAGENTS
Code Description Quantity/test
HI 83746A-0 Fehling solution A 1 vial
HI 83746B-0 Fehling solution B 1 mL
OPTIONAL REAGENTS
Code Description Quantity/test
HI 93703-59 Charcoal 2 spoons
• Replace the cap and invert the vials several times to
mix. Wipe the vials thoroughly with a lint-free cloth.
• Proceed with instructions on page 14 and 15.
• The concentration displayed on the LCD must then be
by 4by 4
divided
by 4 to obtain the correct value in g/L (ppt) of
by 4by 4
Reducing Sugar.
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PRECISION AND ACCURACY
Precision is how closely repeated measurements agree
with each other. Precision is usually expressed as
standard deviation (SD).
nearness of a test result to the true value.
Although good precision suggests good accuracy,
precise results can be inaccurate. The figure explains
these definitions.
In a laboratory using a standard solution of 10.00 g/L of
Reducing Sugars and a representative lot of reagent,
an operator obtained with a single instrument a
standard deviation of ±0.50 g/L
Accuracy is defined as the
.
5
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
Absorption of Light is a typical phenomenon of interaction between electromagnetic radiation and
matter. When a light beam crosses a substance, some of the radiation may be absorbed by atoms,
molecules or crystal lattices.
If pure absorption occurs, the fraction of light absorbed depends both on the optical path length
through the matter and on the
Lambert-Beer Law:
physical-chemical characteristics of the substance according to the
= ε
-log I/I
c d
o
λ
or
A = ε
c d
λ
• After a few seconds the display will show “-0.0-”. The
meter is now zeroed and ready for measurement. Remove
the Blank Vial.
• Insert the Sample Vial into the instrument.
Note: Do not shake or invert the Sample Vial
anymore otherwise the samples may become turbid.
Sample
Where:
-log I/I
= Absorbance (A)
o
I
= intensity of incident light beam
o
I = intensity of light beam after absorption
ε
= molar extinction coefficient at wavelength λ
λ
c = molar concentration of the substance
d = optical path through the substance
Therefore, the concentration "c" can be calculated from the absorbance of the substance as the
other factors are known.
Photometric chemical analysis is based on the possibility to develop an absorbing compound from
a specific chemical reaction between sample and reagents. Given that the absorption of a
compound strictly depends on the wavelength of the incident light beam, a narrow spectral
bandwidth should be selected as well as a proper central wavelength to optimize measurements.
The optical system of Hanna's HI 83000 series colorimeters is based on special subminiature
tungsten lamps and narrow-band interference filters to guarantee both high performance and
reliable results.
• Press READ and the display will show “----” during
measurement.
• The instrument directly displays concentration in g/L (ppt)
of Reducing Sugars on the Liquid Crystal Display.
• If the concentration in g/L (ppt) of Reducing Sugars is
less than 5 g/L it is recommended to repeat analysis
following the instructions on page 16.
The concentration displayed on the LCD must then be
by 4by 4
divided
by 4 to obtain the correct value in g/L (ppt) of
by 4by 4
Reducing Sugar.
Note
To convert the Reducing Sugars concentration from g/L to %, multiply the reading by 0.1.
e.g. 12.5 g/L x 0.1=1.25%.
When you analyse the must before alcoholic fermentation, to calculate the potential alcohol
degree multiply the read sugar concentration (g/L) by 0.06.
e.g. 175 g/L x 0.06=10.5% vol (potential alcohol degree)
Block diagram (optical layout)
6
15
• Insert the vials into the reactor and heat them for 7
minutes at 105°C.
Note: to obtain most accurate results, it is
recommended to use the pre-programmed timer of
the instrument, and remove the vials from the reactor
after exactly 7 minutes.
Turn the meter on by pressing ON/OFF and then
press TIMER to activate a 7 minutes countdown.
• At the end of the digestion period switch off the reactor,
place the vials carefully in the test tube rack and wait
for 10 minutes.
Warning: as the vials are still hot, be careful in
handling them.
Note: If the sample vial appears brown/orange
without blue hue, dilute the wine sample and repeat
the procedure.
• Invert the vials two times to mix. Then wait for 30
minutes to allow the vials cool to room temperature.
Note: This operation is necessary to recover the
condensed water after heating.
A microprocessor controlled special tungsten lamp emits radiation which is first optically conditioned
and beamed to the sample contained in the cuvet. The optical path is fixed by the diameter of the
cuvet. Then the light is spectrally filtered to a narrow spectral bandwidth, to obtain a light beam of
intensity I
or I.
o
The photoelectric cell collects the radiation I that is not absorbed by the sample and converts it
into an electric current, producing a potential in the mV range.
The microprocessor uses this potential to convert the incoming value into the desired measuring
unit and to display it on the LCD.
The measurement process is carried out in two phases: first the meter is zeroed and then the actual
measurement is performed.
The cuvet has a very important role because it is an optical element and thus requires particular
attention. It is important that both the measurement and the calibration (zeroing) cuvets are
optically identical to provide the same measurement conditions. Whenever possible use the same
cuvet for both. It is necessary that the surface of the cuvet is clean and not scratched. This to avoid
measurement interference due to unwanted reflection and absorption of light. It is recommended
not to touch the cuvet walls with hands.
Furthermore, in order to maintain the same conditions during the zeroing and the measuring
phases, it is necessary to close the cuvet to prevent any contamination.
• Turn the instrument ON by pressing ON/OFF. When the
LCD displays “---”, it is ready.
• Place the Blank Vial into the instrument.
• Press ZERO and “----” will blink on the display.
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Blank
ABBREVIATIONS
°C:
degree Celsius
°F:
degree Fahrenheit
g/L:
grams per liter. g/L is equivalent to ppt (part per thousand)
mL:
milliliter
µL:
microliter
LCD:
Liquid Crystal Display
7
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION
FRONT
1) Lid
2) Cuvet Holder
3) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
4) ON/OFF key, to turn the meter on and off
5) ZERO key, to zero the meter
6) TIMER key, to activate a countdown
7) READ key, to perform measurement
8) Power Socket 12V to 20V DC 2.5 Watt
MEASUREMENT
Note: A single blank vial may be used more than once; the blank vial is stable up to one week if stored in
a dark place at room temperature. Always use the same lot of reagents for blank and samples. For most
accurate measurement run a blank for each set of mesurement.
Notes:
i) If the expected RS concentration is above 50.00 g/L (for example for must analysis), it is recommended
to dilute the sample 4 or 5 times with water.
ii) If the expected RS concentration is below 5.00 g/L please refer to instructions on page 16.
• Preheat the Hanna Reactor HI 839800 to 105 °C
(221°F). For a correct use of the reactor follow the
Reactor Instruction Manual.
Use of the optional HI 740217 safety shield is
recommended.
Do not use an oven or microwave.
REAR
DISPLAY ELEMENTS DESCRIPTION
1) Four digit main display.
2) Battery icon: appears when the battery voltage is getting low.
3) The hourglass icon: appears during the countdown.
4) Status information.
5) Measurement unit.
6) Lamp status indicator.
7) Four digit secondary display.
• Remove the cap from two vials HI 83746A-0 Fehling
Solution A.
• Use the HI 731341 1000 µL automatic pipette to add
exactly 1 mL (=1000 µL) of HI 83746B-0 Fehling
Solution B to each vial.
For a correct use of the automatic pipette please
follow the related Instruction Sheet.
• Use the HI 731340 200 µL automatic pipette to
add
exactly 200 µl of wine sample to one vial
(Sample) and 200 µL of deionized water to the
other vial (Blank).
• Replace the cap and invert the vials several times to
mix. Wipe the vials thoroughly with a lint-free
cloth.
wine
sample
200 µL
Sample
1 mL
deionized
water
200 µL
Blank
1 mL
8
13
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE
GUIDE TO DISPLAY CODES
SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR RED WINE
To remove interference of phenols, samples of Red
Wine must be treated with activated carbon.
• Fill one cuvet with 10 mL of Red Wine.
• Add 2 spoons of HI 93703-59 Charcoal to the
cuvet.
• Cap the cuvet and mix vigorously for 2 minutes.
Then wait for 3 minutes.
• Fold a filter disc twice as shown in the figure.
Separate one side from the other three to form a
cone. Insert the folded filter disc in the funnel.
This prompt appears for a few seconds each time the instrument is
turned ON.
These prompts indicate the type of power supply: “Line” (if the
external power supply is used) or the battery level.
Indicates that the instrument is in a ready state and waiting for the
next command (Timer or Zero).
After TIMER is pressed, a blinking hourglass icon appears and the
display shows a 7 minutes coundown. Also the Zero tag might
blink if no zero measurement has been made before. At the end of
the countdown an acoustic signal alerts the user that the timer is
finished.
Indicates that the meter is performing a zero measurement. The
light intensity is automatically re-adjusted (auto-calibration features)
if necessary.
• Filter the treated wine into an empty cuvet. This
is the wine sample.
Note: if the filtered wine is still red, repeat the
above procedure.
12
The instrument is zeroed and a measurement can be made.
Indicates that the meter is making a measurement.
Batteries voltage is getting low and the batteries need to be
replaced.
9
Indicates that the batteries are dead and must be replaced. After
this message appears, the instrument is switched off. Change the
batteries and restart the meter.
GENERAL TIPS FOR AN ACCURATE MEASUREMENT
The instructions listed below should be carefully followed during testing to ensure best accuracy.
ERROR MESSAGES
The meter has lost its configuration. Contact your dealer or the
nearest Hanna Customer Service Center.
a) on zero reading:a) on zero reading:
a) on zero reading:
a) on zero reading:a) on zero reading:
“Light high”: there is too much light to perform a measurement.
Please check the preparation of the zero cuvet.
“Light low”: there is not enough light to perform a measurement.
Please check the preparation of the zero cuvet.
“No Light”: the lamp is not working because of a malfunction.
Contact your dealer or the nearest Hanna Customer Service Center.
b) on sample reading:b) on sample reading:
b) on sample reading:
b) on sample reading:b) on sample reading:
“Inverted”: the sample and the zero cuvet are inverted.
• For dosing the wine sample and the reagent, we
recommend to use the supplied Hanna automatic
pipettes HI 731340 (200 µL) and HI 731341
(1000 µL). For a correct use of the Hanna
automatic pipette, please follow the related
Instruction Sheet.
• All the reaction times reported in this manual are
referred to 20°C (68°F). As a general rule of
thumb, they should be doubled at 10°C (50°F)
and halved at 30°C (86°F).
USING VIALS
Never insert hot vials into the instrument, or the
•
cuvet holder may be damaged.
• In order to avoid reagent leaking and to obtain
most accurate results, it is recommended to close
the vial tightly with the supplied cap after addition
of reagents or sample.
• Whenever the vial is placed into the measurement
cell, it must be dry outside, and completely free
of fingerprints, oil or dirt. Wipe it thoroughly
with HI 731318 or a lint-free cloth prior to
insertion.
Hanna
automatic pipette
The sample absorbs less light than the zero reference. Check the
procedure.
A flashing value of the maximum concentration indicates an over
range condition. The concentration of the sample is beyond the
programmed range: dilute the sample and measure again.
10
DIGESTION
• Use of the optional HI 740217 safety shield is
recommended. For correct use of the reactor follow
the Reactor Instruction Manual. At the end of the
digestion period, the vials are still hot: allow the
vials to cool to room temperature in the optional
HI 740216 test tube cooling rack.
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