Instruction Manual
HI 83740
COPPER
ISM
for wine analysis
www.hannainst.com
MAN83740R3 04/06
www.hannainst.com
This Instrument is in
Compliance with the CE Directives
Dear Customer,
Thank you for choosing a Hanna product. This manual will provide you with the necessary
information for the correct use of the instrument. Please read it carefully before using the meter. If
you need additional technical information, do not hesitate to e-mail us at tech@hannainst.com.
This instrument is in compliance with
directives.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION ............................................................................................... 3
GENERAL DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................................... 4
SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................................................ 5
PRECISION AND ACCURACY ................................................................................................. 5
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION .................................................................................................. 6
ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................ 7
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................. 8
GUIDE TO DISPLAY CODES .................................................................................................. 9
GENERAL TIPS FOR AN ACCURATE MEASUREMENT ............................................................. 11
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE............................................................................................. 13
BATTERIES REPLACEMENT ................................................................................................ 17
ACCESSORIES ................................................................................................................. 17
CE DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY .................................................................................... 18
WARRANTY ................................................................................................................. 18
HANNA LITERATURE ......................................................................................................... 19
HANNA LITERATURE
Hanna publishes a wide range of catalogs and handbooks for an equally wide range of applications.
The reference literature currently covers areas such as:
• Water Treatment
• Process
• Swimming Pools
• Agriculture
• Food
• Laboratory
and many others. New reference material is constantly being added to the library.
For these and other catalogs, handbooks and leaflets contact your dealer or the Hanna Customer
Service Center nearest to you. To find the Hanna Office in your vicinity, check our home page at
www.hannainst.com.
All rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the written consent
of the copyright owner, Hanna Instruments Inc., Woonsocket, Rhode Island, 02895 , USA.
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CE DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
Recommendations for Users
Before using these products, make sure that
they are entirely suitable for your specific
application and for the environment in which
they are used.
Operation of these instruments may cause
unacceptable interferences to other electronic
equipments, this requiring the operator to take
all necessary steps to correct interferences.
Any variation introduced by the user to the
supplied equipment may degrade the
instruments' EMC performance.
To avoid damages or burns, do not put the
instrument in microwave ovens. For yours and
the instrument safety do not use or store the
instrument in hazardous environments.
WARRANTY
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
Please examine this product carefully. Make sure that the instrument is not damaged. If any
damage occured during shipment, please notify your Dealer.
Each HI 83740 Ion Selective Meter is supplied complete with:
• Two sample cuvets and caps
• Reagents for 5 tests (HI 83740A-O, HI 83740B-O, HI 83740C-O, HI 83740D-O)
• Two 20 mL glass vials with caps
• Two 1 mL plastic pipette, two 3 mL plastic pipette, two spoons.
• 12 VDC transformer (HI 710005 or HI 710006)
• Four 1,5V AA batteries
• Tissue for wiping cuvets
• Instruction manual
• Instrument Quality Certificate
• Rigid carrying case
HI 83740 is warranted for two years against defects in workmanship and materials when used for
its intended purpose and maintained according to the instructions.
This warranty is limited to repair or replacement free of charge.
Damages due to accident, misuse, tampering or lack of prescribed maintenance are not covered.
If service is required, contact your dealer. If under warranty, report the model number, date of
purchase, serial number and the nature of the failure. If the repair is not covered by the warranty,
you will be notified of the charges incurred.
If the instrument is to be returned to Hanna Instruments, first obtain a Returned Goods Authorization
Number from the Customer Service Department and then send it with shipment costs prepaid.
When shipping any instrument, make sure it is properly packaged for complete protection.
To validate your warranty, fill out and return the enclosed warranty card within 14 days from the
date of purchase.
Hanna Instruments reserves the right to modify the design, construction and appearance of its products
without advance notice.
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Note:save all packing material until you are sure that the instrument works correctly.
Any defective item must be returned in its original packing.
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The HI 83740 is an auto-diagnostic portable microprocessor meter that benefits from Hanna’s
years of experience as a manufacturer of analytical instruments. It has an advanced optical system
based on a special tungsten lamp and a narrow band interference filter that allows most accurate
and repeatable readings. All instruments are factory calibrated.
The auto-diagnostic feature of this meter ensures always optimal measurement conditions to
ensure most precise readings. The light level is automatically adjusted each time a zero-measurement
is made, and the temperature of the lamp is controlled to avoid overheating.
SIGNIFICANCE OF USE
Grapes accumulate normally only a small amount of copper by natural translocation from roots.
Unless exposed to significant airborne pollution or vineyard sprays, increased concentrations in wine
result from contamination during post-fermentation processing, like contact with non stainless steel
equipment and as impurities in fining agents and filter media.
The copper concentration in wine is normally low, less than 0.10 to 0.30 mg/L, because excess copper
is precipitated during fermentation due to adsorption onto the yeast cells. This adsorption and precipitation can reduce the initial copper concentration with 40 to 89%. At higher concentration copper
plays an important role in catalysing oxidation reactions of wine phenols.
It is important to check the copper content both in must and in wine, because at levels above 9 mg/L
copper becomes a metabolic toxin that inhibits or delays alcoholic fermentation, and concentrations
exceeding 1 mg/L may be sensorial detected and should be avoided.
Other copper related problems can be manifested as formation of white haze (in white wines) and
later as a reddish-brown amorphous precipitate. This precipitated ‘casse’ develops only under the
strongly reducing conditions found in bottled wines. It has been found that this casse is a mixture of
copper compounds and proteins.
Factors favouring and inhibiting copper casse formulation in wine
Necessary conditions Preventive
for copper casse formation Measures
strong reducing conditions copper levels at less than 0.3 mg/L
low iron concentrations limit SO2 addition
high protein levels cold-stabilize and bentonite fine to reduce proteins in white wine
light and heat
BATTERIES REPLACEMENT
Battery replacement must only take place in a nonhazardous area.
The blinking “ ” will appear when the batteries power
gets low.
When batteries are completely discharged, “0% bAtt”
will appear and after two seconds the instrument is
switched off.
Remove the battery cover from the bottom of the
instrument and change the old batteries with 4 fresh
1.5V batteries, paying attention to the correct polarity.
Replace the cover.
ACCESSORIES
REAGENT SETS
HI 83740-20 Copper reagent set for wine (20 tests)
HI 83742-25 Color Reagent Set for wine (Wine Solvent-1)
OTHER ACCESSORIES
HI 740027P 1.5V AA batteries (10 pcs)
HI 731318 Tissue for wiping cuvets (4 pcs)
HI 731321 Glass cuvets (4 pcs)
HI 731325W Caps for cuvets (4 pcs)
HI 93703-50 Cuvets cleaning solution (230 mL)
HI 740231 20 mL glass cylinder with caps (2 pcs)
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17
• Insert the zero (cuvet #1) into the holder and
close the lit.
• Press ZERO and “----” will blink on the display.
• After a few seconds the display will show “-0.0-”. The
meter is now zeroed and ready for measurement
Note:
If the “L Lo” (Low Light) message appears, the sample
must be diluted. See “General tips for an accurate
measurement” (page 12).
#1
(Zero)
SPECIFICATIONS
Range 0.00-1.50 mg/L
Resolution 0.05 mg/L
Precision SD ±0.05 mg/L @ 0.50 mg/L
Light Source Tungsten lamp with narrow band interference filter @ 560 nm
Light Detector Silicon Photocell
Method The reaction between Copper and the reagents causes a purple tint in
the sample.
Environment 0 to 50°C (32 to 122°F); max 95% RH non-condensing
Battery Type 4 x 1,5 volt AA batteries / 12 to 20 VDC through voltage adapter
Auto-Shut off
Dimensions 225 x 85 x 80 mm (8.7 x 3.3 x 3.1")
Weight 500 g (17,6 oz.).
After 15' of non-use in measurement mode.
• Remove the cuvet from the instrument.
• Insert the reacted sample (cuvet #2) into the holder
and close the lid.
• Press READ and the display will show “----” during
measurement.
• The instrument directly displays concentration in mg/L
(ppm) of copper on the Liquid Crystal Display.
Note:
If the copper concentration exceeds 1.50 ppm or if
the sample is very turbid or dark red colored, it is
recommended to dilute the sample 10 times with
HI 83742-1 Wine Solvent-1 and repeat the
complete measurement procedure starting from the
beginning, taking 15 mL of diluted wine sample in
vial #1 for zero-sampling and 15 mL in vial #2
for reading. In this case the displayed value needs
to be multiplied by 10 to compensate for dilution.
#2
(Sample)
REQUIRED REAGENTS
Code Description Quantity/test
HI 83740A-0 Copper Reagent A 5 mL
HI 83740B-0 Copper Reagent B 5 mL
HI 83740C-0 Copper Reagent C 2 x 4 spoons
HI 83740D-0 Copper Reagent D 2 x 4 spoons
PRECISION AND ACCURACY
Precision is how closely repeated measurements agree
with each other. Precision is usually expressed as
standard deviation (SD). Accuracy is defined as the
nearness of a test result to the true value.
Although good precision suggests good accuracy,
precise results can be inaccurate. The figure explains
these definitions.
In a laboratory using a standard solution of 0.50
mg/L copper and a representative lot of reagent, an
operator obtained with a single instrument a standard
deviation of 0.05 mg/L.
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PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
Absorption of Light is a typical phenomenon of interaction between electromagnetic radiation and
matter. When a light beam crosses a substance, some of the radiation may be absorbed by atoms,
molecules or crystal lattices.
If pure absorption occurs, the fraction of light absorbed depends both on the optical path length
through the matter and on the physical-chemical characteristics of the substance according to the
Lambert-Beer Law:
-log I/Io = ελ c d
or
A = ελ c d
Where:
-log I/I
Therefore, the concentration "c" can be calculated from the absorbance of the substance as the
other factors are known.
Photometric chemical analysis is based on the possibility to develop an absorbing compound from
a specific chemical reaction between sample and reagents. Given that the absorption of a
compound strictly depends on the wavelength of the incident light beam, a narrow spectral
bandwidth should be selected as well as a proper central wavelength to optimize measurements.
The optical system of Hanna's HI 83000 series colorimeters is based on special subminiature
tungsten lamps and narrow-band interference filters to guarantee both high performance and
reliable results.
= Absorbance (A)
o
Io= intensity of incident light beam
I = intensity of light beam after absorption
ελ= molar extinction coefficient at wavelength λ
c = molar concentration of the substance
d = optical path through the substance
• Press TIMER and the instrument will show the
countdown or, alternatively, wait for 10 minutes,
leaving the vials capped and undisturbed.
During this period the color of the upper layer (organic
phase) in vial #2 will turn purple if copper is
present.
After 10 minutes the instrument gives an acoustic
signal to alert the user that the countdown has finished.
• Remove the cap of vial #1. Use the 3 mL plastic
pipette to transfer the upper layer (organic phase) into
a cuvet. Ensure that at least 1/3 of the cuvet is
filled with organic solvent (see page 11).
If some wine is transferred too, this does not interferes
with the measurement.
Cap the cuvet. This is the zero (#1).
Note:
The upper layer is an emulsion of small wine drops
dispersed in the organic phase. Please note that an
emulsion is an unstable equilibrium that may separate
even after few minutes. It is therefore important to
measure both the zero and the sample immediately
after the countdown has finished.
In case the emulsion separates before measurements
can be made, we recommend to leave the vials standing
for at least 4 hours, allowing complete separation of
the emulsion and obtaining two clear solutions in the
cuvets. Since the developed color is very stable, the
cuvets may be left standing overnight to be read also
next morning.
#1
(Zero)
Block diagram (optical layout)
6
• Remove the cap of vial #2. Use the 3 mL plastic
pipette to transfer the upper layer (organic phase) into
another empty cuvet (see page 11).
If some wine is transferred too, this does not interferes
with the measurement.
Cap the cuvet. This is the reacted sample (#2).
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#2
(Sample)
• Add 4 full spoons of reagent C to each vial.
• Using the other supplied spoon, add 4 full spoons of
reagent D to each vial.
#1
x4
#2
x4
A microprocessor controlled special tungsten lamp emits radiation which is first optically conditioned
and beamed to the sample contained in the cuvet. The optical path is fixed by the diameter of the
cuvet. Then the light is spectrally filtered to a narrow spectral bandwidth, to obtain a light beam of
intensity Io or I.
The photoelectric cell collects the radiation I that is not absorbed by the sample and converts it
into an electric current, producing a potential in the mV range.
The microprocessor uses this potential to convert the incoming value into the desired measuring
unit and to display it on the LCD.
The measurement process is carried out in two phases: first the meter is zeroed and then the actual
measurement is performed.
The cuvet has a very important role because it is an optical element and thus requires particular
attention. It is important that both the measurement and the calibration (zeroing) cuvets are
optically identical to provide the same measurement conditions. Whenever possible use the same
cuvet for both. It is necessary that the surface of the cuvet is clean and not scratched. This to avoid
measurement interference due to unwanted reflection and absorption of light. It is recommended
not to touch the cuvet walls with hands.
Furthermore, in order to maintain the same conditions during the zeroing and the measuring
phases, it is necessary to close the cuvet to prevent any contamination.
• Close the glass vials tightly with their caps and shake
both vials vigorously for 1 minute.
Note: block the cap with a finger during shaking!
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#1
#2
#1
x4
#2
x4
ABBREVIATIONS
EPA:
US Environmental Protection Agency
°C:
degree Celsius
°F:
degree Fahrenheit
mg/L:
milligrams per liter. mg/L is equivalent to ppm (part per million)
mL:
milliliter
LCD:
Liquid Crystal Display
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FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE
INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION
FRONT
REAR
DISPLAY ELEMENTS DESCRIPTION
1) Lid
2) Cuvet Holder
3) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
4) ON/OFF key, to turn the meter on and off
5) ZERO key, to zero the meter
6) TIMER key, to activate a countdown
7) READ key, to perform measurement
8) Power Socket 12V to 20V DC 2.5 Watt
• Turn the instrument on by pressing ON/OFF.
• When the LCD displays “---”, it is ready.
• Use the 3 mL plastic pipette to fill two glass vials with
15 mL of wine sample (up to the mark).
Note: The liquid in the vial forms a convexity on the
top; the bottom of this convexity must be at the same
level of the mark.
• Use a clean 1 mL pipette to add 5 ml of Reagent A to
the first vial (#1)
#1 #2
15 mL
20 mL
#1
1) Four digit main display.
2) Battery icon: appears when the battery voltage is getting low.
3) The hourglass icon: appears during the countdown.
4) Status information.
5) Measurement unit.
6) Lamp status indicator.
7) Four digit secondary display.
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• Use the second 1 mL pipette to add 5 ml of Reagent B
to the second vial (#2)
20 mL
#2
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• Diluting procedure of the wine sample in case the “L
Lo” (Low Light) message appears: use the pipette to fill
the glass vials with 5 mL of wine sample (both vials),
then fill the vials up to the 15 mL mark with HI 83742-
1 Wine Solvent-1. This is the diluted wine sample. The
final reading must be multiplied by 3 to compensate for
dilution.
• In order to avoid reagent leaking and to obtain more
accurate measurements, it is recommended to close
the cuvet first with the supplied HDPE plastic stopper
and then with the black cap.
• Whenever the cuvet is placed into the measurement
cell, it must be dry outside, and completely free of
fingerprints, oil or dirt. Wipe it thoroughly with
HI 731318 (tissue for wiping cuvets, see chapter
ACCESSORIES) or a lint-free cloth prior to insertion.
• Read the cuvets immediately after extraction.
In case of unstable readings or for more accurate results,
let the reacted cuvets stand for
complete separation of the formed emulsion.
at least 4 hours, allowing
5 mL
15 mL
GUIDE TO DISPLAY CODES
This prompt appears for a few seconds each time the instrument is
turned ON.
These prompts indicate the type of power supply: “Line” (if the
external power supply is used) or the battery level.
Indicates that the instrument is in a ready state and waiting for the
next command (Timer or Zero).
After Timer is pressed, a blinking hourglass icon appears and the
display shows a 10 minutes coundown. Also the Zero tag might
blink if no zero measurement has been made before. At the end, an
acoustic signal alerts the user that the countdown has finished.
• Before taking a measurement, verify that no air bubbles
or water drops are attached to the walls of the glass
cuvet.
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Indicates that the meter is performing a zero measurement. The
light intensity is automatically re-adjusted (auto-calibration features)
if necessary.
The instrument is zeroed and a measurement can be made.
Indicates that the meter is making a measurement.
Batteries voltage is getting low and the batteries need to be replaced.
9
Indicates that the batteries are dead and must be replaced. After this
message appears, the instrument is switched off. Change the batteries
and restart the meter.
GENERAL TIPS FOR AN ACCURATE MEASUREMENT
The instructions listed below should be carefully followed during testing to ensure best accuracy.
ERROR MESSAGES
The meter has lost its configuration. Contact your dealer or the nearest
Hanna Customer Service Center.
a) on zero reading:
“Light high”: there is too much light to perform a measurement.
Please check the preparation of the zero cuvet.
“Light low”: there is not enough light to perform a measurement.
Dilute the sample. See “General tips for an accurate measurement“
(page 12).
“No Light”: the instrument cannot adjust the light level. Please check
that the sample does not contain any debris.
b) on sample reading:
• Use the supplied plastic pipette for adding the exact amount
of wine sample (15 mL) or reagents A or B (up to the 20
mL mark) to the graduated glass vials. The liquid in the
vial forms a convexity on the top; the bottom of this
convexity must be at the same level of the mark.
• To transfer the supernatant organic solvent from the vials to the cuvets use two different clean
1 mL pipettes, one for the zero and one for the sample.
a) squeeze the bulb of the pipette;
b) insert the plastic pipette into the supernatant organic solvent and release the bulb slowly,
paying attention not to transfer the wine sample too;
c) fill a cuvet with organic solvent by squeezing the bulb of the pipette.
“Inverted”: the sample and the zero cuvet are inverted.
The sample absorbs less light than the zero reference.
Check the procedure.
A flashing value of the maximum concentration indicates an over range
condition. The concentration of the sample is beyond the programmed
range: dilute the sample and measure again.
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Repeat step a), b) and c) until all the organic solvent is transferred. Ensure that at least 1/3
of the cuvet is filled with organic solvent, otherwise erroneous results will be obtained.
Notes:
- If some wine sample is transferred too, this does not interferes with the method.
- Try to avoid transferring suspended solids that might be present.
- If necessary, air bubbles can be removed tapping the vials gently on the table.
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