Hanna Instruments HI 83414 User Manual

Instruction Manual

HI 83414

Turbidity and Free/Total Chlorine

Meter

www.hannainst.com

Dear Customer, Thank you for choosing a Hanna Instruments product. Please read this instruction manual carefully before using this instrument. This manual will provide you with the necessary information for correct use of this instrument,

as well as a precise idea of its versatility. If you need additional technical information, do not hesitate to e-mail us at tech@hannainst.com

or view our worldwide contact list at www.hannainst.com.

WARRANTY

HI 83414 is guaranteed for two years against defects in workmanship and materials when used for its intended purpose and maintained according to instructions. Electrodes and probes are guaranteed for six months. This warranty is limited to repair or replacement free of charge. Damage due to accidents, misuse, tampering or lack of prescribed maintenance is not covered. If service is required, contact the dealer from whom you purchased the instrument. If under warranty, report the model number, date of purchase, serial number and the nature of the problem. If the repair is not covered by the warranty, you will be notified of the charges incurred. If the instrument is to be returned to Hanna Instruments, first obtain a Returned Goods Authorization number from the Technical Service department and then send it with shipping costs prepaid. When shipping any instrument, make sure it is properly packed for complete protection. To validate your warranty, fill out and return the enclosed warranty card within 14 days from the date of purchase.

All rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the written consent of the copyright owner, Hanna Instruments Inc., Woonsocket, Rhode Island, 02895, USA.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

WARRANTY.......................................................................................................................... 2

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION................................................................................................. 4

GENERAL DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................ 5

ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................. 6

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION .................................................................................................... 6

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................... 9

SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................................................. 11

GENERAL TIPS FOR AN ACCURATE MEASUREMENT ............................................................... 12

START UP .......................................................................................................................... 20

RANGE SELECTION ............................................................................................................. 20

TUTORIAL MODE ................................................................................................................ 21

HELP MODE ....................................................................................................................... 21

MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE FOR RATIO/NON RATIO TURBIDITY RANGE ............................... 22

CALIBRATION PROCEDURE FOR RATIO/NON RATIO TURBIDITY RANGE ................................... 25

MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE FOR FREE/TOTAL CHLORINE ..................................................... 29

CAL CHECK PROCEDURE FOR FREE/TOTAL CHLORINE ............................................................ 32

CALIBRATION PROCEDURE FOR FREE/TOTAL CHLORINE ........................................................ 34

RESTORE FACTORY CALIBRATION......................................................................................... 35

GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE (GLP) .................................................................................... 36

LOG AND LOG RECALL ......................................................................................................... 37

SETUP ............................................................................................................................... 38

LAMP REPLACEMENT .......................................................................................................... 41

FUSE REPLACEMENT .......................................................................................................... 41

PC INTERFACE ................................................................................................................... 42

ACCESSORIES ..................................................................................................................... 42

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

Please examine this product carefully. Make sure that the instrument is not damaged. If any damage occurred during shipment, please notify your local Hanna Office. Each HI 83414 Bench Turbidity and Free/Total Chlorine instrument is supplied complete with:

• Five Sample Cuvettes and Caps

• Calibration Cuvettes for turbidimeter and colorimeter (HI 83414-11)

• Silicone Oil (HI 93703-58)

• Cloth for wiping the cuvettes

• Scissors

• Power cord

• Instruction Manual

• Instrument Quality Certificate

Note:Save all packing material until you are sure that the instrument functions correctly. Any

defective item must be returned in its original packing with the supplied accessories.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

HI 83414 is a high accuracy, combined meter with technology that benefits from Hanna’s years of experience as manufacturer of analytical instruments. The HI 83414 successfully combines turbidity and colorimetric measurements to meet the needs of measuring the most important parameters of drinking water: turbidity and free/total chlorine. The meter is especially designed for water quality measurements, providing reliable and accurate readings on low turbidity and chlorine values. The HI 83414 meets and exceeds the requirements of USEPA and Standard Methods both for turbidity and colorimetric measurements. The instrument is based on a state-of-the-art optical system which guarantees accurate results, assures long term stability and minimizes stray light and color interferences. It also compensates for variations in intensity of the lamp, so there’s no need for frequent calibration. The 525 nm intereference filter of the colorimeter assures precise and repeatable results. The 25 mm round cuvettes made from special optical glass guarantee the repeatability of the measurements.

Turbidity measurements

range when ratiometric measurements are used and in the 0.00 to 40.0 NTU range when non ratio method is used. The instrument has an EPA compliance reading mode which rounds the reading to meet EPA reporting requirements. Alternative EBC and Nephelos measuring units are available. Depending on the measured sample and needed accuracy, normal measurement, continuous measurement or signal averaging measurement can be selected. A two, three, four or five-point calibration can be performed by using the supplied (<0.1, 15, 100, 750 and 2000 NTU) standards. When user prepared standards are used, the calibration points can be edited.

Free or Total Chlorine measurements

With the powerful CAL CHECK™ function, the performance of the instrument can be validated at any time by using the exclusive Hanna ready-made, NIST traceable standards. A one-point calibration can be performed using the same cal check standard. HI 83414 has complete G.L.P. (Good Laboratory Practice) functions that allow traceability of the calibration conditions. The last calibration points, time and date can be checked. HI 83414 has a user-friendly interface with an easy to understand, graphic LCD. All messages are in plain text, easy to read and understand. Comprehensive contextual help is available at a simple key press. All help information and messages are available in several languages. Confirmation and error acoustic signals help the user during instrument operation. Furthermore, a tutorial mode of operation guides the user step by step through the analytical process. The instrument’s logging function offers complete information for all measurements. Up to 200 measurements can be stored in the internal memory and consulted at any time. In order to further store or analyse, the data can be downloaded to a PC using the USB port.

can be made in the 0.00 to 4000 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units)

can be made in the 0.00 to 5.00 mg/L (ppm) range.

ABBREVIATIONS

NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Units JTU Jackson Turbidity Units FTU Formazin Turbidity Units USEPA US Environmental Protection Agency LCD Liquid Crystal Display

RTC Real Time Clock RH Relative Humidity ID Identification EBC European Brewery Convention

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

TURBIDIMETER

Turbidity is the optical property that causes light to be scattered and absorbed, rather than transmitted. The scattering of the light that passes through a liquid is primarily caused by the suspended solids. The higher the turbidity, the greater the amount of scattered light. Because even the molecules in a very pure fluid scatter light to a certain degree, no solution will have zero turbidity.

The USEPA Method 180.1 specifies the key parameters for the optical system to measure turbidity for drinking, saline and surface water, in a 0 to 40 NTU range, using the nephelometric method.

The HI 83414 instrument is designed to meet or exceed the criteria specified by the USEPA Method

180.1 and Standard Method 2130 B. The light beam that passes through the sample is scattered in all directions. The intensity and pattern

of the scattered light is affected by many variables like wavelenght of the incident light, particle size and shape, refractive index and color.

The optical system includes a tungsten filament lamp, a scattered light detector (900) and a transmitted light detector (1800).

For the ratio turbidimeter range, the microprocessor of the instrument calculates the NTU value, from the signals that reach the two detectors, by using an effective algorithm. This algorithm corrects and compensates for interferences of color, making the HI 83414 instrument color-compensated. The optical system and measuring technique compensate also for the lamp intensity fluctuations, minimizing the need of frequent calibration. For the non ratio turbidimeter range, the NTU value is calculated from the signal on the scattered light detector (90°). The method offers a high linearity on the low range. The method is more sensitive to the lamp intensity fluctuations. The lower detection limit of a turbidimeter is determined by the so called “stray light”. Stray light is the light detected by the sensors that is not caused by light scattering from suspended particles. The optical system of HI 83414 instrument is designed to have very low stray light, providing accurate results for low turbidity samples. However, special care must be taken when measuring low turbidities (see page 12 “General Tips for an Accurate Measurement” for sample preparation and measuring techniques).

MEASUREMENT UNITS

The most used units for turbidity are NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units). In the beer industry a common unit is EBC (European Brewery Convention).

The HI 83414 turbidimeter reports the measurements in NTU, EBC or Nephelos. One NTU is equal with 0.245 EBC or 6.7 Nephelos.

Calibration and measurements are done only in NTU and the results in other units are obtained by multiplying with the respective factors.

COLORIMETER

Absorption of light is a typical phenomenon of interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter. When light beam crosses a substance, some of the radiation may be absorbed by atoms, molecules or crystal lattices. If pure absorption occurs, the fraction of absorbed light depends both on the optical path length through the matter and on the physical-chemical characteristics of the substance, according to the Lambert-Beer law:

–log I/I

= ε

c d

= ελ c d

Where:

–log I/Io= Absorbance (A)

Io= intensity of incident light beam I = intensity of light beam after absorption

= molar extinction coefficient at wavelength λ

c = molar concentration of the substance d = optical path through the substance

Therefore, the concentration “c” can be calculated from the absorbance of the substance as the other factors are known.

Photometric chemical analysis is based on the possibility to develop an absorbing compound from a specific chemical reaction between sample and reagents. Given that the absorption of a compound strictly depends on the wavelength of the incident light beam, a narrow spectral bandwidth should be selected as well as a proper central wavelength to optimize measurements.

The optical system is based on the turbidimeter tungsten lamp and a separate detector with a narrow band interference filter @ 525 nm to guarantee both high performance and reliable results for colorimetric measurements.

The measurement process is carried out in two phases: first the instrument is zeroed and then the actual measurement is performed.

In this way the cuvette and the water turbidity are compensated during the zero mesurement phase.

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION

1) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). The LCD has backlight for better visibility in dark environments.

2) Keypad. Splash resistant.

3) Cuvette Lid. Close the cuvette lid prior to start a measurement.

4) Lamp lid

5) USB connector

6) Fuse holder

7) Mains switch

8) Mains connector

DISPLAY DESCRIPTION

ESC

RANGE

LOG

CAL

CHECK

RCL

HELP

SETUP

The display contains the following fields:

1) The current time in selected format

2) Information related to the measurement

3) Functional keys

4) Currently selected parameter

5) Measuring units

6) Measured value

KEYBOARD DESCRIPTION

The keyboard contains 8 direct keys and 3 functional keys with the following functions:

The function of each of the three functional keys depends on the name displayed on the LCD above them.

Press to return to the main screen.

When in the main screen, press to access the change parameter screen.

Press to move up in menu and help or to increment a set value.

Press to move down in menu and help or to decrement a set value. Press to log the current reading.

Press to access calibration and cal check menu.

Press to recall the log.

Press to display the help screen.

Press to access the setup screen.

SPECIFICATIONS

Turbidity

Range - non ratio mode 0.00 to 9.99; 10.0 to 40.0 NTU

0.0 to 99.9; 100 to 268 Nephelos

0.00 to 9.80 EBC

Resolution - non ratio mode 0.01; 0.1 NTU

0.1; 1 Nephelos

0.01 EBC

Range - ratio mode 0.00 to 9.99; 10.0 to 99.9; 100 to 4000 NTU

0.0 to 99.9; 100 to 26800 Nephelos

0.00 to 9.99; 10.0 to 99.9; 100 to 980 EBC

Resolution - ratio mode 0.01; 0.1; 1 NTU

0.1; 1 Nephelos

0.01; 0.1, 1 EBC

Range selection Automatically Accuracy ±2% of reading plus 0.02 NTU (0.15 Nephelos; 0.01 EBC)

±5% of reading above 1000 NTU (6700 Nephelos; 245 EBC)

Repeatibility ±1% of reading or 0.02 NTU (0.15 Nephelos; 0.01 EBC)

whichever is greater

Stray Light < 0.02 NTU (0.15 Nephelos; 0.01 EBC) Light Detector Silicon Photocell Method Nephelometric method (90°) or Ratio Nephelometric Method

(90° & 180°), Adaptation of the USEPA Method 180.1 and

Standard Method 2130 B. Measuring mode Normal, Average, Continuous. Turbidity Standards <0.1, 15, 100, 750 and 2000 NTU Calibration Two, three, four or five-point calibration

Free and total Chlorine

Range Free Cl

Total Cl

0.00 to 5.00 mg/L

Resolution 0.01 mg/L from 0.00 to 3.50 mg/L; 0.10 above 3.50 mg/L Accuracy ±0.02 mg/L @ 1.00 mg/L Detector Silicon photocell with 525 nm narrow band interference filters Method Adaptation of the USEPA Method 330.5 and Standard Method

4500-Cl G. The reaction between chlorine and DPD reagent

causes a pink tint in the sample.

Standards 1 mg/L free chlorine, 1 mg/L total chlorine Calibration One-point calibration

Other

Light Source Tungsten filament lamp Lamp life greater than 100,000 readings Display 40 x 70 mm graphic LCD (64 x 128 pixels) with backlight LOG Memory 200 records Serial Interface USB Environment 0 °C (32 °F) to 50 °C (122 °F); max 95% RH non-condensing Power supply 230 V/50 Hz or

115 V/60 Hz 20 W

Auto Shut-off After 15 minutes of non-use Dimensions 230 x 200 x 145 mm (9 x 7.9 x 5.7”) L x W x H Weight 2.5 Kg (88 oz.)

GENERAL TIPS FOR AN ACCURATE MEASUREMENT

HI 83414 is a highly accurate combined meter for turbidity and free & total chlorine. To meet the instrument’s performance and fully benefit from its features, it is very important for the analyst to use proper measurement techniques for accurate, precise and repeatable readings. Special care must be taken during sample preparation and handling. The instructions listed below should be carefully followed during measuring and calibration to ensure best accuracy.

GENERAL RULES

• Always put the instrument on a flat, rugged surface when taking measurements.

• Do not operate in direct sunlight.

• Keep the lid of the instrument closed when it is not used to prevent dust or dirt entering inside.

• Always close the lid of the instrument during measurement.

• Never use cuvettes with scratches or cracks because they can cause inaccurate readings.

• Always cap the cuvettes to avoid spillage of the sample into the instrument.

• Do not use too much oil to prevent contamination of the optical system.

• If possible use indexed and matched cuvettes.

• If possible use the same cuvette for zero and read for Free and Total Chlorine measurements.

CUVETTE

The cuvette is part of the optical system in all measurements. The light reaches the sample by passing through the cuvette glass. As a result, the measurement can be affected by the glass imperfections, dirt, dust, scratches, or fingerprints present on the cuvette surface. Special care must be taken in preparing and handling the cuvette.

Note: In colorimetric measurements, when it is possible, use the same cuvette both for zeroing and

measurement. If this is not possible, always match the cuvettes. In turbidimetric measurements, if you are using multiple cuvettes, always match the cuvettes.

CUVETTE HANDLING

The cuvettes should be free of scratches or cracks. Any cuvette with visible scratches should be discarded. The cuvettes should be periodically washed with acid. After washing, the cuvettes should be well rinsed multiple times with distilled or deionized water. Allow cuvettes to air-dry and store them for long periods of time with caps, to avoid dirt entering inside. Always handle the cuvette by touching only the cap or its top side (over the horizontal line).

Always store the cuvettes in separate boxes or with separators between them to avoid scratches on the surface.

CUVETTE PREPARATION

Whenever a cuvette is used, it must be clean inside and outside. When it is placed into the instrument, it must be dry outside, completely free of fingerprints or dirt.

If the cuvette is not indexed, put the cuvette with the factory mark aligned with the sign on the instrument top.

CUVETTE OILING (TURBIDITY only)

Warning: For colorimetric measurements the cuvette should be completely free of any trace of oil.

Do not use the oiling procedure for colorimetric measurements. To hide minor imperfections and scratches, the cuvettes should be oiled outside with the supplied silicone oil. This is very important, especially for low turbidity samples (< 1 NTU), otherwise scratches can contribute and alter turbidity readings. The silicone oil has the same refractive index as the glass and will not alter the turbidity readings. It is important to apply only a thin layer of silicone oil. Warning: Do not apply silicone oil in excess because it may retain dirt or contaminate the cuvette

holder of the instrument, altering the turbidity readings. It is very important to apply the silicone oil on a clean, dry cuvette. Apply a few drops of oil and wipe the cuvette thoroughly with a lint-free cloth. Wipe off the excess oil till you obtain a thin, uniform layer. If the procedure is correctly followed, the cuvette should appear nearly dry with no visible oil.

Note: The supplied cloth for oiling should be stored together with the silicone oil bottle and

cuvettes, taking care to avoid contamination with dirt. After a few oiling procedures, the cloth will contain enough oil to wipe the bottle with it without adding more oil. From time to time add some drops of oil on the cuvette to provide the necessary oil quantity in the cloth.

INDEXING A CUVETTE

It is very important for low turbidity readings to always insert the cuvette into the instrument in the same position. All cuvettes are factory indexed. This index can be used to put the cuvette with the factory mark on the cuvette aligned with the sign on the instrument top. To further reduce the effect of glass imperfections, the cuvette can be indexed and use this new index as the position mark. For indexing one cuvette or matching multiple cuvettes, the continuous reading mode is suggested. In this mode multiple successive readings are taken without turning off the lamp. The turbidity is immediately displayed, reducing considerably the measurement time. Note: The instrument can not perform continuous readings if the average mode is on.

In order to index a cuvette follow the next steps:

• Fill the cuvette with high quality water (<0.1 NTU) up to the 10 mL mark.

• Clean and oil the cuvette as described before.

• Turn the instrument ON.

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