Hanna Instruments HI 83225-01 User Manual

Instruction Manual

HI 83225

Grow Master

for Nutrient Analyses

www.hannainst.com

Dear Customer, Thank you for choosing a Hanna product. Please read this instruction manual carefully before using the

instrument. This manual will provide you with the necessary information for the correct use of the instrument. If you need additional technical information, do not hesitate to e-mail us at tech@hannainst.com.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION .............................................................................................................................................. 3

GENERAL DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................................3

ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................................................4

SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................................................................................................... 4

PRECISION AND ACCURACY ................................................................................................................................................4

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION ................................................................................................................................................. 5

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................................................ 6

TIPS FOR AN ACCURATE MEASUREMENT ............................................................................................................................... 8

HEALTH & SAFETY ..........................................................................................................................................................11

METHOD REFERENCE TABLE ............................................................................................................................................. 11

OPERATIONAL GUIDE ....................................................................................................................................................... 12

SETUP ........................................................................................................................................................................... 14

HELP MODE ................................................................................................................................................................... 16

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................... 17

SAMPLE PREPARATION .................................................................................................................................................... 20

AMMONIA HR ................................................................................................................................................................ 24

AMMONIA MR ................................................................................................................................................................ 26

AMMONIA LR ................................................................................................................................................................. 28

NITRATE HR .................................................................................................................................................................... 30

NITRATE MR ................................................................................................................................................................... 32

NITRATE LR .................................................................................................................................................................... 34

PHOSPHORUS HR .......................................................................................................................................................... 36

PHOSPHORUS MR .......................................................................................................................................................... 38

PHOSPHORUS LR ........................................................................................................................................................... 40

POTASSIUM HR .............................................................................................................................................................. 42

POTASSIUM MR .............................................................................................................................................................. 45

POTASSIUM LR ............................................................................................................................................................... 47

CALCIUM ....................................................................................................................................................................... 49

MAGNESIUM .................................................................................................................................................................. 51

SULFATE ........................................................................................................................................................................ 53

ERRORS AND WARNINGS ................................................................................................................................................. 55

DATA MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................................................................................ 56

STANDARD METHODS ..................................................................................................................................................... 57

ACCESSORIES ................................................................................................................................................................ 57

WARRANTY .................................................................................................................................................................... 59

HANNA LITERATURE ........................................................................................................................................................ 59

All rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the written consent of the copyright owner, Hanna Instruments Inc., Woonsocket, Rhode Island, 02895 , USA.

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

Please examine this product carefully. Make sure that the instrument is not damaged. If any damage occurred during shipment, please notify your local Hanna Office.

Each Meter is supplied complete with:

• Four Sample Cuvettes and Caps

• Sample Preparation Kit (see page 20)

• Cloth for wiping cuvettes (1 pcs)

• Scissors

• AC/DC Power Adapter

• Instruction Manual

The sample preparation kit contains:

• 4 cuvettes (10 mL) with caps

• 2 plastic beakers (100 and 170 mL)

• 1 graduated cylinder (100 mL)

• 1 syringe with screw rim (60 mL)

• 1 syringe (5 mL)

• 1 funnel

• 25 filter discs

• 1 spoon

• 2 pipettes

• Carbon powder packets (50 pcs)

• 1 Demineralizer Bottle with filter cap for about 12 liters of deionized water (depending on the hardness level of water to be treated)

Note: Save all packing material until you are sure that the instrument works correctly. Any defective item

must be returned in its original packing with the supplied accessories.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

HI 83225 is a multiparameter bench photometer dedicated for Nutrient analyses. It can measure 15 different methods using specific liquid or powder reagents. The amount of reagent is precisely dosed to ensure maximum reproducibility.

HI 83225 bench photometer can be connected to a PC via an USB cable. The optional HI 92000 Windows Compatible Software helps users manage all their results.

HI 83225 has a powerful interactive user support that assists the user during the analysis process. Each step in the measurement process is help supported. A tutorial mode is available in the Setup Menu.

ABBREVIATIONS

°C: degree Celsius °F: degree Fahrenheit

μg/L: micrograms per liter (ppb)

mg/L: milligrams per liter (ppm)

g/L: grams per liter (ppt)

mL: milliliter

HR: high range

MR: medium range

LR: low range

SPECIFICATIONS

Light Life Life of the instrument Light Detector Silicon Photocell Environment 0 to 50°C (32 to 122°F);

max 95% RH non-condensing

Power Supply external 12 Vdc power adapter

built-in rechargeable battery

Dimensions 235 x 200 x 110 mm (9.2 x 7.87 x 4.33") Weight 0.9 Kg

For specifications related to each method (e.g. range, resolution, etc.) refer to the related measurement section.

PRECISION AND ACCURACY

Precision is how closely repeated measurements agree with each other. Precision is usually expressed as standard deviation (SD).

Accuracy is defined as the nearness of a test result to the true value.

Although good precision suggests good accuracy, precise results can be inaccurate. The figure explains these definitions.

For each method, the precision is expressed in the related measurement section.

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

Absorption of light is a typical phenomenon of interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter. When a light beam crosses a substance, some of the radiation may be absorbed by atoms, molecules or crystal lattices.

If pure absorption occurs, the fraction of light absorbed depends both on the optical path length through the matter and on the physical-chemical characteristics of substance according to the Lambert-Beer Law:

-log I/Io = ε A = ε

Where:

-log I/I

= Absorbance (A)

Io= intensity of incident light beam I = intensity of light beam after absorption

= molar extinction coefficient at wavelength λ

c = molar concentration of the substance d = optical path through the substance

Therefore, the concentration "c" can be calculated from the absorbance of the substance as the other factors are known.

Photometric chemical analysis is based on the possibility to develop an absorbing compound from a specific chemical reaction between sample and reagents.

Given that the absorption of a compound strictly depends on the wavelength of the incident light beam, a narrow spectral bandwidth should be selected as well as a proper central wavelength to optimize measurements.

The optical system of HI 83225 is based on special subminiature tungsten lamps and narrow-band interference filters to guarantee both high performance and reliable results.

Four measuring channels allow a wide range of tests.

c d

Instrument block diagram (optical layout)

A microprocessor controlled special tungsten lamp emits radiation which is first optically conditioned and beamed through the sample contained in the cuvette. The optical path is fixed by the diameter of the cuvette. Then the light is spectrally filtered to a narrow spectral bandwidth, to obtain a light beam of intensity Io or I.

The photoelectric cell collects the radiation I that is not absorbed by the sample and converts it into an electric current, producing a potential in the mV range.

The microprocessor uses this potential to convert the incoming value into the desired measuring unit and to display it on the LCD.

The measurement process is carried out in two phases: first the meter is zeroed and then the actual measurement is performed.

The cuvette has a very important role because it is an optical element and thus requires particular attention. It is important that both the measurement and the calibration (zeroing) cuvette are optically identical to provide the same measurement conditions. Most methods use the same cuvette for both, so it is important that measurements are taken at the same optical point. The instrument and the cuvette cap have special marks that must be aligned in order to obtain better reproducibility.

The surface of the cuvette must be clean and not scratched. This is to avoid measurement interference due to unwanted reflection and absorption of light. It is recommended not to touch the cuvette walls with hands.

Furthermore, in order to maintain the same conditions during the zeroing and the measurement phases, it is necessary to cap the cuvette to prevent any contamination.

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION

1) Open Cuvette Lid

2) Indexing mark

3) Cuvette point

4) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

5) Splash proof keypad

6) ON/OFF power switch

7) Power input connector

8) USB connector

KEYPAD DESCRIPTION

The keypad contains 8 direct keys and 3 functional keys with the following functions:

Press to perform the function displayed above it on the LCD.

ESC

Press to exit the current screen.

Press to access the select method menu.

RCL

HELP

SETUP

Press to move up in a menu or a help screen, to increment a set value, to access second level

functions.

Press to move down in a menu or a help screen, to decrement a set value, to access second

level functions.

Press to log the current reading.

Press to recall the log.

Press to display the help screen.

Press to access the setup screen.

TIPS FOR AN ACCURATE MEASUREMENT

The instructions listed below should be carefully followed during testing to ensure most accurate results.

• Color or suspended matter in large amounts may cause interference, and should be removed by treatment with active carbon and filtration: refere to SAMPLE PREPARATION Chapter (see page 20).

• Ensure the cuvette is filled correctly: the liquid in the cuvette forms a convexity on the top; the bottom of this convexity must be at the same level as the 10 mL mark.

COLLECTING AND MEASURING SAMPLES

• In order to measure exactly 0.5 mL of reagent with the 1 mL syringe: (a) push the plunger completely into the syringe and insert the tip into the solution. (b) pull the plunger up until the lower edge of the seal is exactly on the 0.0 mL mark. (c) take out the syringe and clean the outside of the syringe tip. Be sure that no drops are hanging

on the tip of the syringe, if so eliminate them. Then, keeping the syringe in vertical position above the cuvette, push the plunger down into the syringe until the lower edge of the seal is exactly on the 0.5 mL mark. Now the exact amount of 0.5 mL has been added to the cuvette, even if the tip still contains some solution

USING LIQUID AND POWDER REAGENTS

• Proper use of the dropper: (a) for reproducible results, tap the dropper on the table for several times and wipe the outside of the

dropper tip with a cloth.

(b) always keep the dropper bottle in a vertical position while dosing the reagent.

(a) (b)

• Proper use of the powder reagent packet: (a) use scissors to open the powder packet; (b) push the edges of the packet to form a spout; (c) pour out the content of the packet.

USING CUVETTES

• Proper mixing is very important for reproducibility of the measurements. The right way of mixing a cuvette is specified for each method in the related chapter.

(a) invert the cuvette a couple of times or for a specified time: hold the cuvette in the vertical position with

the cap up. Turn the cuvette upside-down and wait for all of the solution to flow to the cap end, then return the cuvette to the upright vertical position and wait for all of the solution to flow to the cuvette bottom. This is one inversion. The correct speed for this mixing technique is 10-15 complete inversions in 30 seconds.

This mixing technique is indicated with “invert to mix” and the following icon:

(b) shaking the cuvette, moving the cuvette up and down. The movement may be gentle or vigorous.

This mixing method is indicated with “shake gently” or “shake vigorously”, and one of the following icons:

shake gently shake vigorously

• Pay attention to push the cuvette completely down in the holder and to align the white point on the cap to the indexing mark on the meter.

• In order to avoid reagent leaking and to obtain more accurate measurements, close the cuvette first with the supplied HDPE plastic stopper and then the black cap.

• Each time the cuvette is used, the cap must be tightened to the same degree.

• Whenever the cuvette is placed into the measurement cell, it must be dry outside, and free of fingerprints, oil or dirt. Wipe it thoroughly with HI 731318 or a lint-free cloth prior to insertion.

• Shaking the cuvette can generate bubbles in the sample, causing higher readings. To obtain accurate measurements, remove such bubbles by swirling or by gently tapping the cuvette.

• Do not let the reacted sample stand too long after reagent is added. For best accuracy, respect the timings described in each specific method.

• It is possible to take multiple readings in a row, but it is recommended to take a new zero reading for each sample and to use the same cuvette for zeroing and measurement when possible (for most precise results follow the measurement procedures carefully).

• Discard the sample immediately after the reading is taken, or the glass might become permanently stained.

• All the reaction times reported in this manual are at 25 °C (77 °F). In general, the reaction time should be increased for temperatures lower than 20 °C (68 °F), and decreased for temperatures higher than 25 °C (77 °F).

INTERFERENCES

• In the method measurement section the most common interferences that may be present in an average sample matrix have been reported. It may be that for a particular treatment process other compounds do interfere with the method of analysis.

HEALTH & SAFETY

• The chemicals contained in the reagent kits may be hazardous if improperly handled.

• Read the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) before performing tests.

• Safety equipment: Wear suitable eye protection and clothing when required, and follow instructions carefully.

• Reagent spills: If a reagent spill occurs, wipe up immediately and rinse with plenty of water. If reagent contacts skin, rinse the affected area thoroughly with water. Avoid breathing released vapors.

• Waste disposal: for proper disposal of reagent kits and reacted samples, refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).

METHOD REFERENCE TABLE

Method Method Page

description

1 Ammonia HR 24 2 Ammonia MR 26 3 Ammonia LR 28

4 Nitrate HR 30

5 Nitrate MR 32 6 Nitrate LR 34 7 Phosphorus HR 36 8 Phosphorus MR 38

9 Phosphorus LR 40 10 Potassium HR 42 11 Potassium MR 45 12 Potassium LR 47 13 Calcium 49 14 Magnesium 51 15 Sulfate 53

OPERATIONAL GUIDE

POWER CONNECTION AND BATTERY MANAGEMENT

The meter can be powered from an AC/DC adapter (included) or from the built-in rechargeable battery. Note: Always turn the meter off before unplugging it to ensure no data is lost. When the meter switches ON, it verifies if the power supply adapter is connected. The battery icon on the

LCD will indicate the battery status:

- battery is charging from external adapter - battery fully charged (meter connected to AC/DC adapter)

- battery capacity (no external adapter) - battery Low (no external adapter)

- battery Dead (no external adapter)

METHOD SELECTION

• Turn the instrument ON via the ON/OFF power switch.

• The meter will perform an autodiagnostic test. During this test, the Hanna Instrument logo will appear

on the LCD. After 5 seconds, if the test was successful, the last selected method will appear on the display.

• In order to select the desired method press the METHOD key and a screen with the available methods

will appear.

• Press the keys to highlight the desired method. Press Select.

• After the desired method is selected, follow the measurement described in the related section.

• Before performing a test you should read all the instructions carefully.

DATA MANAGEMENT

The instrument features a data log function to help you keep track of all your analysis. The data log can hold 200 individual measurements. Storing, viewing and deleting the data is possible using the LOG and

RCL keys

Storing data

stored with date and time stamps.

: You can store only a valid measurement. Press LOG

and the last valid measurement will be

Viewing and deleting

the last saved measurement. Additionally, you can delete the data records all at once.

: You can view and delete the data log by pressing the RCL key. You can only delete

CHEMICAL FORM

Chemical form conversion factors are pre-programmed into the instrument and are method specific. In order to view the displayed result in the desired chemical form press or to access the second level functions and then press the Chem Frm key to toggle between the available chemical forms for the selected method.

SETUPSETUP

SETUP

SETUPSETUP

In the Setup mode the instrument’s parameters can be changed. Some parameters affect the measuring sequence and others are general parameters that change the behavior or appearance of the instrument.

Press SETUP to enter the setup mode. Press ESC or SETUP to return to the main screen. A list of setup parameters will be displayed with currently configured settings. Press HELP for additional information.

Press the   keys to select a parameter and change the value as follows:

Backlight

Values: 0 to 8.

Press the Modify key to access the backlight value. Use the W X functional keys or the   keys to increase or decrease the value. Press the Accept key to confirm or ESC to return to the setup

menu without saving the new value.

Contrast

Values: 0 to 20.

This option is used to set the display’s contrast. Press the Modify key to change the display’s contrast. Use the W X functional keys or the   keys to increase or decrease the value. Press the Accept key to confirm the value or ESC to return to the setup menu without saving the new value.

Date / Time

This option is used to set the instrument’s date and time. Press the Modify key to change the date/time. Press the W X functional keys to highlight the value to be modified (year, month, day, hour, minute or second). Use the   keys to change the value. Press the Accept key to confirm or ESC to return to the setup

without saving the new date or time.

Time format

Option: AM/PM or 24 hour.

Press the functional key to select the desired time format.

Date format

Press the Modify key to change the Date Format. Use the   keys to select the desired format. Press Accept key to confirm or ESC to return to the setup menu

without saving the new format.

Language

Press the corresponding key to change the language. If the new language cannot be loaded, the previously selected language will be reloaded.

Tutorial

Option: Enable or Disable.

If enabled this option will provide the user short guide related to the current screen. Press the functional key to enable/disable the tutorial mode.

Beeper

Option: Enable or Disable.

When enabled, a short beep is heard every time a key is pressed. A long beep alert sounds when the pressed key is not active or an error is detected. Press the functional key to enable/disable the beeper.

Instrument ID

Option: 0 to 9999.

This option is used to set the instrument’s ID (identification number). The instrument ID is used while exchanging data with a PC. Press the Modify key to access the instrument ID screen. Press the   keys in order to set the desired value. Press the Accept key to confirm the value or ESC to return to the setup menu without saving the new value.

Meter information

Press the Select key to view the instrument model, firmware version, language version and instrument serial number.

Press ESC to return to the Setup mode.

HELP MODEHELP MODE

HELP MODE

HELP MODEHELP MODE

HELP MODE

HI 83225 offers an interactive contextual help mode that assists the user at any time.

To access the help screens press HELP. The instrument will display additional information related to the current screen. To read all the available information, scroll the text using the   keys. Press the Support key to access a screen with Hanna service centers and their contact details. Press the Accessories key to access a list of instrument reagents and accessories. To exit support or accessories screens press ESC and the instrument will return to the previous help screen. To exit help mode press the HELP or ESC key again and the meter will return to the previously selected screen.

INTRODUCTION

THE ROLE OF NUTRIENTS IN THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF PLANTS

The three elements that are mostly needed by the plants are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). They are called the macronutrients while other elements, needed by plants in smaller amounts, are called microelements. In hydroponics, plants need a balanced nutritive solution, composed of macro and microelements.

Shortage or excess of even only one nutritive element may cause an imbalance in plant physiology and in the absorption of the other nutrients. Nutrients shortages may result in irregular plant growth, low resistance to diseases, scarce production both in quantity and quality, while nutrients excess may cause waste of fertilizer, pollution of the groundwater and the possible accumulation of dangerous substances in the crops produced.

NITROGEN

Nitrogen (N) is mostly absorbed by plants as nitrates (NO3¯) and, in smaller amount, in the form of ammonium (NH solutions.

PRESENT IN ACTION

SHORTAGE EFFECTS

EXCESS EFFECTS

). In hydroponics, an adequate ratio between the two forms is generally used in nutritive

proteins, enzymes, chlorophyll, hormones, vitamins, DNA and RNA

• is fundamental for plants in phase of growth

• promotes the lengthening of trunks and sprouts

• increases the production of foliage

• helps to absorb other nutrients (in particular phosphorus)

• assists a bigger production for both size and number of fruits

• slower growth

• smaller leaves

• yellowing of leaves

• smaller fruits

• premature ripening

• reduction in resistance to diseases and atmospheric agents

• increase of water demand (caused by an excessive production of leaves)

• bad quality of fruits

• delayed ripening

• reduction in potassium absorption

PHOSPHORUS

Phosphorus (P) has an important role in many fundamental biochemical and physiological processes. Plants take up phosphorus in the form of phosphate ion (PO

PRESENT IN ACTION

SHORTAGE EFFECTS

EXCESS EFFECTS

DNA and RNA, ATP, ADP

• stimulates the roots growth

• stimulates blooming

• stimulates fecundation and ripeness

• strengthens the plant tissues

• is necessary in the formation of seeds

• delayed ripening

• slower growth

• small leaves

• decrease of production (smaller fruits and difficult seeds formation)

• reduction of root system

• premature ripening

• excess of fruit-setting

• negative effects on the absorption of some microelements such as iron, zinc, boron and copper

¯).

POTASSIUM

Potassium (K) is essential in proteic synthesis. The problem of lack of potassium is quite frequent in calcareous soils.

Potassium is absorbed as K+.

PRESENT IN

ACTION

SHORTAGE EFFECTS

tissues responsible for the growth of plants (primary and secondary meristems), embryos and cell

vacuole

• improves the quality of fruits and flowers

• gives more resistance both to frost and to diseases caused by fungi (increases the cuticular thickness)

• regulates the cellular turgidity (helps to regulate the osmotic processes and increases the resistance to dryness)

• regulates the stomatic opening and closing (it means a strong influence on transpiration and

photosynthesis)

• slower growth

• smaller fruits, less colored and less preserved

• increase of transpiration

• less resistance to the cold

EXCESS EFFECTS

• reduced absorption of calcium and magnesium

• increase of water consumption

• increase of the substrate salinity

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