Greyline Instruments TTFM-1.0 Operating Manual

USER'S GUIDE

Installation & Operation

Instructions

Transit Time Flow Meter

Model TTFM 1.0

www.greyline.com

Manual Series A.3.5

Note: This page has been left blank intentionally.

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

INDEX

SENSOR INSTALLATION....................................................................................4

CONNECTIONS.....................................................................................................5

KEYPAD SYSTEM................................................................................................8

CALIBRATION MENU .........................................................................................9

ICONS ...................................................................................................................10

MESSAGE ICON..................................................................................................11

STATUS................................................................................................................11

PASSWORD..........................................................................................................12

UNITS/MODE.......................................................................................................13

SET UP ..................................................................................................................14

CALIBRATION....................................................................................................16

RELAY PARAMETERS.......................................................................................17

SPECIAL FUNCTIONS........................................................................................18

SENSOR MOUNTING.........................................................................................20

ENCLOSURE INSTALLATION..........................................................................25

FIELD TROUBLESHOOTING............................................................................26

COMMON QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS........................................................29

APPLICATIONS HOTLINE.................................................................................31

PRODUCT RETURN PROCEDURE...................................................................31

APPENDIX A – OPTIONS...................................................................................34

DATA LOGGING.................................................................................................38

SPECIFICATIONS................................................................................................40

APPENDIX B - CONVERSION TABLE.............................................................41

PIPE CHARTS ......................................................................................................42

APPENDIX C – LIQUID SPEED OF SOUND....................................................46

IMPORTANT NOTE: This instrument is manufactured and calibrated to meet product specifications.
Please read this manual carefully before installation and operation. Any unauthorized repairs or
modifications may result in a suspension of the warranty.

If this product is not used as specified by the manufacturer, protection may be impaired.
Available in Adobe Acrobat pdf format

Page 3

SENSOR INSTALLATION

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

Page 4

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

CONNECTIONS:
POWER INPUT: The standard model requires AC power input between 100 to 240 VAC 50/60Hz. No

adjustments are necessary for voltages within this range. Connect L (Live) N (Neutral) and AC Ground.
Optional DC input model requires 9-32 VDC/9 Watts. Connect to + and - terminals.
Optional Thermostat and Heater modules are available rated for 115 VAC or 230 VAC.
IMPORTANT NOTE: To comply with CSA/UL electrical safety standards, AC power input and relay

connection wires must have conduit entry to the instrument enclosure. Installation requires a switch,
overcurrent fuse or circuit breaker in the building (in close proximity to the equipment) that is marked as
the disconnect switch.

Risk of electric shock. Loosen cover screw to access connections. Only qualified personnel

should access connections.
Note: Use of instrumentation over 40°C ambient requires special field wiring.
Note: User replaceable fuse is 2 Amp 250V (T2AL250V), located on the power supply.

Page 5

CONNECTIONS

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

Page 6

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

COMPOUND

~0.8”

20 mm

QUICK BENCH TEST:

In the TTFM Setup menu set parameters to perform a bench test:

- Set Fluid = Water

- Set Temperature = 20°C

- Set Pipe OD = 0.15 inch

- Set Pipe Wall = 0.06 inch

- Set Pipe material = ABS

- Set Lining = None

- Set Crossings = 4

- Press  to view Signal Strength at bottom of menu.

Apply coupling compound to the face of sensors and press together as indicated in the illustration below.
The menu should indicate large Signal Strength display.

COUPLING

Page 7

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

KEYPAD SYSTEM

The diagram on page 9 shows the TTFM 1.0 menu system. Arrows show the four directions to leave a
menu box. Pressing a corresponding keypad arrow will move to the next item in the direction shown.
Move the cursor (highlighted) under numerals and increase or decrease numerals with the  and 
keys.

To store calibration values permanently (even through power interruptions), press the .

Page 8

CALIBRATION MENU

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

Page 9

ICONS

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

Page 10

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

MAIN DISPLAY

The MAIN display shows the units selected from the Units/Mode menu, Flow or
Velocity rate being measured, TOTALIZER and RELAY states. The TTFM 1.0
will start-up with this display.

MESSAGE ICON

Press  from the MAIN display to view status of the data logger and
error/warning messages provided by the instrument. The Message Icon will
appear on the MAIN display if error messages are being generated by the
instrument. Press  to return to the main display.

STATUS

Press  from the MAIN display to view instrument status.

Velocity Displayed in ft/sec or m/sec.
Signal Strength Displays magnitude of signal being received by the ultrasonic

sensor.

Relays Energized relays will display as a white character on a

black background.

Page 11

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

24 HR LOG (Data Logging option only)

Press  from the MAIN display to view a formatted flow report from instruments
with a built-in data logger. Press  to scroll down one day or repeatedly to scroll
to a specific date. Up to 365 days can be stored. Newest date will overwrite the
oldest. Press  to return to the main display.

PASSWORD

The password (a number from 0000 to 9999) prevents unauthorized access to the
Calibration menu.

From the Main display press the  key to get to Password. Factory default
password is 0000 and if it has not been changed press the  to proceed to the
Menu Selections screen.

If a password is required, press  to place the cursor under the first digit and  or
 to set the number, then  to the second digit, etc. Press  or  to proceed to
the Menu Selections screen.

A new password can be stored by going to Special Functions/New Password.

Page 12

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

UNITS/MODE

From Mode press the  and then the  or  to select Flow or Velocity.
Flow mode displays the flow rate in engineering units (e.g. gpm, litres/sec, etc.)
Press the  to store your selection then the  to the next menu item and  to
enter.

From Linear press the  key and then the  or  to select your units of
measurement. Press the  to store your selection.

Press the  key to move the  symbol to each subsequent menu item and the 
to save your selections.

Note: the volume selection "bbl" denotes U.S. oil barrel.

Press  or  to return to the Menu Selections screen.

Page 13

SET UP

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

Sensor Select

Fluid Vel

V/C(@25C)

Fluid

Fluid Temp

Pipe OD

Pipe Wall

Choose SE16B.

When Fluid = Other – Enter the fluid velocity at 25C
from table or other reference in units of m/s

When Fluid = Other – Enter fluid velocity adjustment
factor over change in temperature in units of m/s per °C.

Select fluid type.

Other will require additional information.

Enter average fluid temperature.

Highlight the digits and thenorto change the
numbers and decimal point. Pipe OD should be entered
as the exact outside diameter of the pipe where the sensor
is mounted. Refer to the Pipe Charts Appendix in this
manual for outside diameter of common pipe types and
sizes.

Enter wall thickness.
Refer to the Pipe Charts Appendix in this manual for
thickness of common pipe materials and sizes.

Pipe Vel

Pipe

Lining Thick

Lining Vel

Lining

When pipe = Other – Enter pipe material speed of sound
(consult factory).

Select pipe material.

When Lining – Enter lining thickness

When Lining = Other – Enter speed of sound of lining
material.

Select Lining material.

None represents no liner. Other will require additional

information.

Page 14

Crossings

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

1 = Z mounting

2 = V mounting

4 = W mounting

Zero Tare

To suppress readings or fluctuations at zero flow. Set

Calibration/Damping to 5% and under no flow conditions

and full pipe select Yes to force readings to zero.

Sens Space
Velocity

Signal Strength

Displays the calculated sensor spacing
Displays the measured velocity.

Displays magnitude of signal being received by the

ultrasonic sensor.

Press  to return to Menu Selections.

NOTE:

Sensor separation distance is automatically calculated by
the instrument and will be displayed in the Setup menu

Page 15

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

CALIBRATION

Press  to Calibration and  to enter. Use  or  to position  before each
menu item and  to enter. When settings are completed press  to store and
return to the Calibration menu.

20mA at

4mA at

Min Flow

Damping

Pressthenorto change the numbers and decimal
point. Use this menu to set the corresponding flow rate
that will be represented by 20mA analog output. If
maximum flow is unknown, enter an estimated flow rate
and observe actual flow to determine the correct
maximum value. Any velocity or flow rate up to +40
ft/sec (12.2 m/sec) may be selected.

Pressorto set the flow rate corresponding to 4mA
analog output. This setting may be left at zero flow (or
velocity or can be raised to any value less than the 20mA
setting, or lowered to any velocity or corresponding flow
rate down to -40 ft/sec (-12.2 m/sec).

Flow rates below this setting will be displayed as zero
flow.

Increase damping to stabilize readings under turbulent
flow conditions. Decrease for fast response to small
changes in flow. Damping is shown in percentage
(maximum is 99%). Factory default is 20%.

Press  to return to Menu Selections.

Page 16

RELAY PARAMETERS

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

Relay

Function

Flow

Pressandorto select a corresponding relay number (2
relays are standard, 4 additional are optional).

Pressorto select Off, Pulse or Flow.

Mode Select Pump, Low Alarm or Hi Alarm.

Pump mode provides separate On/Off settings where the relay

will energize at one flow rate and de-energize at another.

On Highlight the numerals and press  or  to set digits to

the required relay On set point.

Off set digits to the required Off set point.

Low Alarm mode relay will energize at a programmable flow

rate and remain energized with flow below the set point. When
flow rises above the set point, the relay will de-energize.

Hi Alarm mode relay will energize at a programmable flow

rate and remain energized with flow above the set point. When
flow falls below the set point, the relay will de-energize.

Pulse

Pressand set digits to the flow volume increment required
between relay pulses. Use this feature for remote samplers,
chlorinators or totalizers. Minimum time between pulses is

2.25 seconds and pulse duration is 350 milliseconds.

Return to Relay and change settings for each relay number.

Press  to return to Menu Selections.

Page 17

DATA LOGGING (OPTIONAL)

Refer to Options section of this manual.

SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

Language

Analog Out

Backlight

Reset Totalizer

Negative Totals

Select English, French or Spanish

Select 4-20mA or 0-5V mode for the analogue
output.

Select High, Medium or Low for continuous
backlight.

Select Key Hi/Lo for high backlight for 1 minute
after a keypress and then Lo backlight until a key
is pressed again.

Select Key High, Med or Low for backlight for
1 minute after a keypress and then backlight off until
a key is pressed again.

Pressand select Yes to erase and restart the
totalizer at zero.

Select Yes to have reverse flow readings deducted
from the totalizer. Select No to totalize forward
flow only and ignore reverse flow.

Cal Constant

Factory set during calibration. (Refer to the
calibration certificate supplied with your instrument.)

Restore Defaults

Select Yes and press  to erase all user settings
and return the instrument to factory default settings.

New Password

Select any number from 0000 to 9999 and press .
Default setting of 0000 will allow direct access to the
calibration menus. Setting of any password greater
than 0000 will require the password to be entered to
access the calibration menus.

Press  to return to Menu Selections.

Page 18

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

SIMULATION

Exercises the 4-20mA output, digital display and control relays.

Simulate a Flow /Velocity reading. Press  and then  or  to change the
simulated output. Press  to begin simulation. The 4-20mA output and relay
states will be displayed on the screen below.

Press the  to terminate simulation and return to the Menu Selections screen.

Page 19

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

SENSOR MOUNTING LOCATION

The position of the sensor is one of the most important considerations for accurate Transit Time flow
measurement. The same location guidelines apply to Transit Time as most other types of flow meters.

Before permanently mounting a Transit Time sensor onsite testing is recommended to determine
optimum mounting position. Use the sensor coupling compound (supplied with each Greyline flow
meter, or petroleum gel, acoustic compound or electrocardiograph gel). Take several readings around the
axis of the pipe and then at several points upstream and downstream from the selected position,
checking for consistent readings. Avoid high or low reading areas. Mount the sensors where consistent
(average) readings were obtained or continue testing on another pipe section.

VERTICAL OR HORIZONTAL PIPE - Vertical pipe

1 TO 5 O'CLOCK POSITION
ON HORIZONTALPIPES

runs generally provide evenly distributed flow. On
Horizontal pipes and liquids with high concentrations
of gas or solids, the sensors should be mounted on the
side (1 to 5 o’clock positions) to avoid concentrations
of gas at the top of the pipe, or solids at the bottom.

VERTICALPIPE USUALLY

HAS EVENLY DISTRIBUTED FLOW

VELOCITY INCREASING DEVICES: Generally the sensors must be mounted away from flow
disturbances such as valves, pumps, orifice plates, venturis or pipe inlets and discharges which tend to
increase flow velocity. Velocity increasing devices often cause cavitation, or rapid release of gas
bubbles, and readings both up and downstream may be intermittent or inaccurate. As a guideline, mount
the sensor at least 20 diameters upstream or 30 diameters downstream from velocity increasing devices.

Required distance from a velocity increasing device will vary in applications depending on the flow
velocity and the characteristics of the liquid itself.

TURBULENCE INCREASING DEVICES: Elbows,
flanged connections and tees tend to introduce
desirable conditions of an evenly distributed flow
profile. Sensor mounting 6 pipe diameters upstream
and 10 diameters downstream from these disturbances
is generally optimum.

The sensors are designed to mount longitudinally on a straight section of pipe. Do not attempt to mount
it on bends, elbows or fittings.

Page 20

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

SENSOR MOUNTING

Prepare an area 2" wide by 4" long (50mm x 100mm) for sensor bonding by removing loose paint, scale
and rust. The objective of site preparation is to eliminate any discontinuity between the sensor and the
pipe wall, which would prevent acoustical coupling.

A TMK1 Sensor Mounting Kit is supplied with each Greyline flow meter. It includes recommended
coupling compound in a plastic applicator and a stainless steel mounting bracket with adjustable pipe
straps. Use the Alignment Bar (included) to align sensor brackets for V and W mode mounting.

Page 21

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

SEPARATION DISTANCE

Measure separation distance with a ruler or tape measure. Separation distance is automatically calculated
by the TTFM 1.0 based on parameters entered in the Set-up menu. Sens Space is displayed in the

Setup menu.

Transducer Installation in Wet Locations

The TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flowmeter transducers
are rated for accidental submersion up to 10 psi (0.75
bar). The flowmeter will continue to operate and
measure flow accurately during periods of
submergence. Plastic seal jackets on the cables can
be filled with coupling compound to provide
additional moisture protection for the BNC cable
connectors.

Page 22

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

SENSOR COUPLING

For permanent or temporary bonding, the following are recommended:

a) Dow Corning silicon compound #4 (supplied)

Additional supply: order Greyline Option CC
b) Water-based sonic compound: Order Greyline Option CC30
c) Electrocardiograph gel
d) Petroleum gel (Vaseline)

The above are arranged in their order of preferred application.
d & e are only good for temporary bonding at room temperature.
DO NOT USE: Silicon RTV caulking compound (silicon rubber).

Use the pipe clamp and rail (supplied) as illustrated on previous page or use
a loop of electrical tape for temporary mounting. Apply silicon coupling
compound #4 to the colored face of the sensor. A bead, similar to toothpaste
on a toothbrush, is ideal. Do not overtighten (crush the sensor).

The sensor must be fixed securely to the pipe with coupling material
between the sensor face and the pipe. Sensor installation with excessive
coupling compound can result in gaps or voids in the coupling and cause
errors or loss of signal. Insufficient coupling compound will create
similar conditions.

Over time temporary coupling compounds (e.g. Petroleum Gel) may gradually sag away from the sensor
resulting in reduced signal strength and finally complete loss of signal. Warm temperatures, moisture
and vibration will accelerate this process. Dow Corning Silicone Compound #4 as supplied with the
TTFM 1.0 (and available from Greyline Instruments) is recommended for semi-permanent installations.

Page 23

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

BAD

GOOD

SENSOR MOUNTING/COUPLING RECOMMENDATIONS

Page 24

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

ENCLOSURE INSTALLATION

Locate the enclosure within 20 ft (6 m) of the sensor (250 ft - 75 m optional). The enclosure can be wall
mounted with the four mounting screws (included) or panel mounted with Option PM Panel Mount kit
from Greyline Instruments.

Avoid mounting the enclosure in direct sunlight to protect the electronics from damage due to
overheating and condensate. In high humidity atmospheres, or where temperatures fall below freezing,
Option TH Enclosure Heater and Thermostat is recommended. Seal conduit entries to prevent moisture
from entering enclosure.

NEMA4X (IP66) WITH CLEAR COVER

1. Open hinged enclosure cover.

2. Insert #12 screws (supplied) through the four enclosure mounting holes
to secure the enclosure to the wall or mounting stand.

Additional conduit holes can be cut in the bottom of the enclosure when
required. Use a hole saw or Greenlee-type hole cutter to cut the required
holes.

DO NOT make conduit/wiring entries into the top of the enclosure.

Note: This non-metallic enclosure does not automatically provide grounding between conduit
connections. Grounding must be provided as part of the installation. Ground in accordance with the
requirements of the National Electrical Code. System grounding is provided by connecting grounding
wires from all conduit entries to the steel mounting plate or another point which provides continuity.

CLEANING

Cleaning is not required as a part of normal maintenance.

Page 25

FIELD TROUBLESHOOTING













TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

Possible Causes:

METER READING WHEN THERE IS NO FLOW?

Erratic measurement (set damping to 0% to check) due
to electrical noise or poor signal quality.

Variable Speed Drive interference

Corrective Action:

Set Calibration/ Damping to 5% with zero flow
use Setup / Tare function.

 Ensure all Flowmeter wiring is in METAL

conduit and sensor shield is properly connected
to Ground.

 Ensure correct power input Ground connection

(<1 ohm resistance).

 Ensure 4-20mA Shield connected to Instrument

Ground stud.

 Try adjusting sensor spacing (+/- 10%) and

contact Greyline for further assistance.

 Adjust Calibration / Min Flow setting.

Follow Drive manufacturers wiring and
Grounding instructions

 Relocate Flowmeter electronics, Sensor and

wiring away from VSD

Sensor cable connections incorrect or loose

METER READING LOWER THAN EXPECTED?

Calibration Error

Lower flow rate than expected

Erratic measurement (set damping to 0% to check) due
to electrical noise or poor signal quality.

Refer to Connections diagram. Disconnect and
reconnect sensor cables ensuring that cable is
properly inserted into terminals and tightened.

Review calibration menu. Pipe dimensions and
fluid selection/fluid velocity.

Investigate pump/valves. Compare velocity
with alternate instrument.

Ensure all Flowmeter wiring is in METAL
conduit and sensor shield is properly grounded.

 Ensure correct power input Ground connection

(<1 ohm resistance).

 Ensure 4-20mA Shield connected to Instrument

Ground stud.

 Try adjusting sensor spacing (+/- 10%) and

contact Greyline for further assistance.

Page 26

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter



















Possible Causes:

NO ECHO INDICATION Icon: No Echo

Sensor Connections

Sensors not mounted to Pipe or mounted improperly

Empty pipe or partially filled

Coupling compound washed out, or sensor loose on
pipe.

METER READING HIGHER THAN EXPECTED?

Calibration Error

Corrective Action:

Check sensor connections at TTFM and at
sensor junction box.

 Note: Refer to Sensor Cable Resistance Test to

test final connections.

Apply coupling compound and mount sensors
to pipe with proper sensor spacing.

Pipe must be fluid filled and acoustically
transparent in order to obtain echoes.

Remount sensor

 Use Dow Corning Silicone #4

Review calibration menu. Pipe dimensions and
fluid selection/fluid velocity.

Higher flow rate than expected

Erratic measurement (set damping to 0% to check) due
to electrical noise or poor signal quality.

Pipe not Full

High viscosity fluid

Investigate pump/valves. Compare velocity
with alternate instrument.

Ensure all Flowmeter wiring is in METAL
conduit and sensor shield is properly grounded.

 Ensure correct power input Ground connection

(<1 ohm resistance).

 Ensure 4-20mA Shield connected to Instrument

Ground stud.

 Try adjusting sensor spacing (+/- 10%) and

contact Greyline for further assistance.

Verify pipe is full by mounting sensors at top
of pipe and check echo icon.
No echo if pipe is not full.

Laminar flow profile due to high viscosity fluid
requires an adjustment to Cal Const.

Page 27

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

SENSOR CABLE RESISTANCE TEST

Unplug the green sensor terminal from the Transit Time board and connect the sensor wires. With a
multimeter, perform resistance checks for each set of wires. One single loose terminal may cause false
readings.

Test across shield and core of each wire: TDR1 (black) and TDR2 (black/white). Resistance should be
around 10K ohms for any cable length. High readings indicate an open circuit and low readings indicate
a short or partial short in the sensor cable connections.

Note: The TTFM 1.0 will automatically detect connectivity to the sensors. Confirm that TTFM 1.0

indicates “Sensor Good’ in the messages menu.

Page 28

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

COMMON QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

The pipe vibrates. Will it affect the flow meter?

Common vibration frequencies are far lower than the sonic frequencies used by the Greyline flow meter,
and will not normally affect accuracy or performance. However, applications where very weak Transit
Time signal is present (when sensitivity is adjusted to maximum and signal strength is low), accuracy
may be affected by pipe vibration, or the flow meter may show readings under no-flow conditions.
Attempt to relocate the sensor on a pipe section where vibration is reduced, or arrange pipe mounting
brackets to reduce vibration at the sensor mounting location.

The flow meter must be installed in a high noise environment. Will this affect operation?

Greyline flow meters are designed to discriminate between environmental noise and the Transit Time
signal. High noise environments may affect the flow meter’s performance where low signal strength
and/or low flow velocities are being measured. Relocate the sensor in a quieter environment if possible.

Will pipe corrosion affect accuracy of the flow meter?

Yes. Rust, loose paint etc. must be removed from the outside of the pipe to provide a clean mounting
position when installing a Transit Time sensor. Severe corrosion/oxidation on the inside of the pipe may
prevent the Transit Time signal from penetrating into the flow. If the pipe cannot be cleaned, a spool
piece (PVC recommended) should be installed for sensor mounting.

What effect do pipe liners have on the flow meter?

The air gap between loose insertion liners and the pipe wall prevent the Transit Time signal from
entering the flow. Better results can be expected with bonded liners such as cement, epoxy or tar,
however an on site test is recommended to determine if the application is suitable for a Transit Time
flow meter.

Why is Transit Time recommended for clean liquids?

The Transit Time sensor transmits sound across the flow stream in order to measure sound velocity and
therefore requires a fluid medium that is relatively transparent to the acoustic signal. The Transit Time
system will not function when there is high volume of solids or aeration. As a guideline, Greyline
Transit Time flow meters are recommended for clean liquids with solids or bubbles content less than
2%. Most applications such as water, chemicals and oils will meet this minimum requirement.

Can the sensor be submerged in water?

Yes, for short periods of time or by accident, but it is not recommended for continuous operation. The
sensor is constructed to withstand submersion to 10 psi (0.7 Bar) without damage.

What is the purpose of the Signal Strength Display?

The primary function of the signal strength display is to assist as a feedback when mounting sensors.
Signal Strength can also be a useful diagnostics tool when troubleshooting problems with an installation.
A low signal strength (< 20%) will cause the TTFM to be more susceptible to environmental noise and
may indicate a problem with the installation or other qualitative issues.

Page 29

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

Can I change the length of the sensor cable?

Yes. Technological advances in Greyline Transit Time design allow cable lengths up to 250 ft (75 m).
Extended cable (Greyline Option DXC) should be installed in rigid or flexible conduit for mechanical
protection. Use only Greyline shielded coaxial pair (RG174U) cable. BNC coaxial connectors (TV cable
type) are not recommended for cable splices.

Does the TTFM 1.0 require periodic recalibration?

TTFM 1.0 calibration does not drift over time. The solid state sensor has no moving parts to wear and
affect calibration. All Greyline timing/counting circuits use crystal-controlled frequency references to
eliminate any drift in the processing circuitry.

ISO 9000 or similar quality management systems may require periodic and verifiable recalibration of
flow meters. TTFM 1.0 Flow Meters may be returned to Greyline for factory calibration and issue of a
new NIST traceable certificate. Refer to the ‘Product Return Procedure’ section of this manual for return
instructions.

Page 30

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

APPLICATIONS HOTLINE

For applications assistance, advice or information on any Greyline Instrument contact your Sales Representative,
write to Greyline or phone the Applications Hotline below:

United States: Tel: [phone] Fax: [phone]
Canada: Tel: [phone] Fax: [phone]
Toll Free: 888-473-9546
Email: [e-mail]
Web Site: www.greyline.com

Greyline Instruments Inc.

Canada USA:
16456 Sixsmith Drive 11451 Belcher Road South
Long Sault, Ont. K0C 1P0 Largo, FL 33773

PRODUCT RETURN PROCEDURE

Instruments may be returned to Greyline for service or warranty repair.
1 Obtain an RMA Number from Greyline -

Before shipping a product to the factory please contact Greyline by telephone, fax or email to obtain an
RMA number (Returned Merchandise Authorization). This ensures fast service and correct billing or
credit.

When you contact Greyline please have the following information available:

1. Model number / Software Version

2. Serial number

3. Date of Purchase

4. Reason for return (description of fault or modification required)

5. Your name, company name, address and phone number

2 Clean the Sensor/Product -

Important: unclean products will not be serviced and will be returned to the sender at their expense.

1. Rinse sensor and cable to remove debris.

2. If the sensor has been exposed to sewage, immerse both sensor and cable in a solution of 1 part
household bleach (Javex, Clorox etc.) to 20 parts water for 5 minutes. Important: do not immerse
open end of sensor cable.

3. Dry with paper towels and pack sensor and cable in a sealed plastic bag.

4. Wipe the outside of the enclosure to remove dirt or deposits.

5. Return to Greyline for service.

Page 31

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

Contact

Title/Dept

Company

Address

Address

Tel

Fax

Email

Mobile

Pipe Run

[ ] Vertical

[ ] Horizontal

Pipe Full

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

Fluid Type

% of Solids

Nominal Pipe Size and

Schedule

P

ipe

Outside Diameter

Wall Thickness

Pipe Material

Liner Material

Liner Thickness

Normal Flow

Maximum Flow

Minimum Flow

Maximum Temp

erature

Maximum Pressure

Vibration

[ ] Yes

[ ] No

Hazardous Rating

Notes

/ Additional Comments /

Pipe Run

Diagram

:

FLOW METER DATA SHEET

[ ] 16456 Sixsmith Drive, Long Sault, ON K0C 1P0

Tel: [phone] / Fax: [phone]

[ ] 11451 Belcher Road South, Largo, FL 33773

Tel: [phone] / Fax: [phone]

Contact Information

Service Conditions

Please complete and return this form to Greyline. It is important. We
use this information to check our database for performance of Greyline
flow meters in similar applications, and to provide advice and
recommendations to you. Thank you for your cooperation.

Page 32

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

LIMITED WARRANTY

_____________________________________

Greyline Instruments warrants, to the original purchaser, its
products to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a
period of one year from date of invoice. Greyline will replace or
repair, free of charge, any Greyline product if it has been proven to
be defective within the warranty period. This warranty does not
cover any expenses incurred in the removal and re-installation of
the product.

If a product manufactured by Greyline should prove defective
within the first year, return it freight prepaid to Greyline
Instruments along with a copy of your invoice.

This warranty does not cover damages due to improper installation
or handling, acts of nature, or unauthorized service. Modifications
to or tampering with any part shall void this warranty. This
warranty does not cover any equipment used in connection with the
product or consequential damages due to a defect in the product.

All implied warranties are limited to the duration of this warranty.
This is the complete warranty by Greyline and no other warranty is
valid against Greyline. Some states do not allow limitations on how
long an implied warranty lasts or limitation of incidental or
consequential damages, so the above limitations or exclusions may
not apply to you.

This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also
have other rights which vary from state to state.

Greyline Instruments Inc.

Page 33

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

APPENDIX A – OPTIONS

EXTRA SENSOR CABLE
(OPTION DXC)

Each Greyline flow meter includes 25 ft / 7.6m (or 50 ft / 15 m optional) continuous shielded coaxial
pair cable. Additional cable and Cable Junction Box (Option JB2X) may be ordered with the Flow
Meter, or the cable may be spliced and extended up to 250 ft (75 m) as required during installation. No
adjustment is required when the sensor cable is extended or shortened. Use only Greyline shielded
coaxial pair (RG174U) cable.

Extended sensor cable should be installed in conduit for mechanical protection. Recommended
installation with a NEMA4X junction box is illustrated below:

COAXIAL CABLE PREPARATION

DXC Transit Time sensor cable can be cut and spliced up to a maximum length of 250 ft (75 m). Cable
ends must be prepared as illustrated below.

Page 34

SENSOR INTRINSIC SAFETY

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

Page 35

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

ENCLOSURE HEATER AND THERMOSTAT - Option TH

Instruments can be factory-equipped with an Enclosure Heater and Thermostat or the module can be
customer-installed. The Thermostat is factory set to turn ON at 40°F (4.5°C) and OFF at 60°F (15.5°C).
Power consumption is 15 Watts.

ENCLOSURE SUNSCREEN - Option SCR

Do not mount instrument electronics in direct sunlight. Overheating will reduce the life of electronic
components and condensate may form during the heat/cool cycles and cause electrical shorts.

Page 36

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

POWER INPUT OPTION
9-32VDC

TTFM 1.0 Flow Meters may be ordered factory-configured for 9-32VDC power input.

CONNECTIONS:

POWER INPUT: Connect 9-32VDC to the + and - terminals. The Power Input GND terminal must be
connected to the nearest Ground pole. A 1 amp fuse in line is recommended.

Page 37

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

DATA LOGGING (Optional)

Setup

Select Data Logging from Menu Selections.

Log Site ID Enter a number from 00 to 99. The site ID will become

part of the downloaded file name to help distinguish
downloads from different instruments. Press  to store the
setting.

Mode Select Velocity (e.g. ft/sec or m/sec). Flow (e.g. USGPM or

l/sec). Press  to store the setting.

Set Date Press  or  to scroll and select Month, Day and Year. Press

 to store the setting.

Set Time Press  or  to select the current time in Hours, Minutes and

Seconds. Press  to store the setting.

Interval Press  or  to select the logging interval.

Press  to store the setting.

Log Stop, Start or Delete the log file.

Press  or  to Delete and  to delete the log file.

Press  or  to Start and  to start the logger.

Note: You MUST delete old log and start a new log AFTER having set changes

to Log Site ID, Mode and/or Interval for those changes to be applied to
the log file.

RETRIEVE LOG FILE

Plug a USB Flash Memory Drive (not supplied by Greyline) into the USB output
cable from the instrument. The instrument display will show the icon until the log
file is transferred to the memory card. The USB flash drive may be removed.

Download file names will appear in this format:

Tag is set according to the Log Site ID entered in the instrument Data Logging
menu.

Page 38

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

Download letter will be A for the first download from an instrument. B for the
second, then C etc. At the letter Z a - character will appear indicating that the
maximum number of downloads for that instrument are on the USB flash drive.
Older files can be erased or moved from the flash memory drive or a new memory
drive can be used.

OPENING LOG FILES

Install Greyline Logger on your PC or laptop. Refer to the Help menu in the
program for detailed instructions.

Select File/Open/Instrument Log (.log) to open the log file from your USB flash
drive.

Page 39

SPECIFICATIONS

7.4 / 188 mm

"

LOCATION

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

Flow Rate Range: ±0.07 to 39 ft/sec (±0.02

6.46 / 1 64 mm"

to 12 m/sec) typical

Pipe Size: 2” to 48” (50 to 1200

mm)

Accuracy: ±1% of flow rate,

Repeatability and
Linearity: ±0.25%

Displays: White, backlit matrix -

displays flow rate,
totalizer, relay states,
operating mode and
calibration menu

TTFM 1.0

Open Channel
Flow Monitor

10 .94"/ 278 mm

Calibration: built-in 5-key calibrator

with English, French or
Spanish language

CONDUITENTRY

selection

Power Input: 100-240VAC, 50/60Hz, 30 Watts or

Optional 9-32VDC, rated 9W (typical 4.0W with standard features)

Output: Isolated 4-20mA (1000 ohm load max.)

Control Relays: Qty 2, rated 5 amp 240Vac SPDT, programmable flow alarm and/or

proportional pulse

Enclosure: watertight, dust tight NEMA4X (IP 66) polycarbonate with a clear

shatter-proof face

Environmental Conditions: Relative humidity up to 80%, -23 to 60°C ambient temperature,

maximum 5000 m altitude, pollution degree 4, Installation Category II.

Electrical Surge Protection: Sensor, 4-20mA output and AC power input

Approximate Shipping Weight: 12 lbs (5.5 kg)

5.12 / 130 mm"

10 / 254 mm"

SIDEVIEW

SE16 Transit Time Sensor

Pipe Diameter: 2” to 48” (50 to 1200 mm)

Operating Temperature: -40° to 300°F (-40° to 150°C)

Operating Frequency: 1.28 MHz

Sensor Cable: 25 ft (7.6 m) including TTJB Junction Box, BNC connectors and seal

Submersion Rating: Withstands accidental submersion pressure up to 10 psi (0.7 Bar)

jackets
Optional 50 ft (15 m) or 100 ft (30 m) including TTJB Junction Box, BNC
connectors and seal jackets

Page 40

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

CONVERSION GUIDE

APPENDIX B - CONVERSION TABLE

FROM TO MULTIPLY BY
US GALLONS CUBIC FEET 0.1337
US GALLONS IMPERIAL GALS 0.8327
US GALLONS LITRES 3.785
US GALLONS CUBIC METERS 0.003785
LITRES/SEC GPM 15.85
LITRES CUBIC METERS 0.001
BARRELS US GALLONS 42
BARRELS IMPERIAL GALS 34.9726
BARRELS LITRES 158.9886
INCHES MM 25.4
DEGREES F DEGREES C (°F-32) x 0.556
POUNDS KILOGRAMS 0.453
PSI BAR 0.0676
FOOT² METER² 0.0929

Note: BARRELS are U.S. oil barrels.

Page 41

PIPE CHARTS

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

Ductile Iron Pipe - Standard Classes

Size OUTSIDE Class Class Class Class Class Class Class CEMENT LINING

INCH DIA. 50 5 1 52 5 3 54 5 5 56 **STD **DOUBLE

INCH WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. THICKNESS THICKNESS

3 3.96 0.25 3.46 0.28 3.40 0.31 3 .34 0.34 3.28 0 .37 3.22 0.41 3.14
4 4.80 0.26 4.28 0.29 4.22 0.32 4 .16 0.35 4.10 0 .38 4.04 0.44 3.93

6 6.90 0.25 6.40 0.28 6.34 0.31 6.28 0.34 6 .22 0.37 6.16 0.40 6 .10 0.43 6.04 .125 .250
8 9.05 0.27 8.51 0.30 8.45 0.33 8.39 0.36 8 .33 0.39 8.27 0.42 8 .21 0.45 8.15

10 11.10 0.39 10.32 0.32 10.46 0.35 10.40 0.38 10.34 0.41 10.28 0.44 10.22 0.47 10.16
12 13.20 0.31 12.58 0.34 12.52 0.37 12.46 0.40 12.40 0.43 12.34 0.46 12.28 0.49 12.22
14 15.30 0.33 14.64 0.36 14.58 0.39 14.52 0.42 14.46 0.45 14.40 0.48 14.34 0.51 14.28
16 17.40 0.34 16.72 0.37 16.66 0.40 16.60 0.43 16.54 0.46 16.48 0.49 16.42 0.52 16.36
18 19.50 0.35 18.80 0.38 18.74 0.41 18.68 0.44 18.62 0.47 18.56 0.50 18.50 0.53 18.44 .1875 .375
20 21.60 0.36 20.88 0.39 20.82 0.42 20.76 0.45 20.70 0.48 20.64 0.51 20.58 0.54 20.52
24 25.80 0.38 25.04 0.41 24.98 0.44 24.92 0.47 24.86 0.50 24.80 0.53 24.74 0.56 24.68
30 32.00 0.39 31.22 0.43 31.14 0.47 31.06 0.51 30.98 0.55 30.90 0.59 30.82 0.63 30.74
36 38.30 0.43 37.44 0.48 37.34 0.62 37.06 0.58 37.14 0.63 37.04 0.68 36.94 0.73 36.84
42 44.50 0.47 43.56 0.53 43.44 0.59 43.32 0.65 43.20 0.71 43.08 0.77 42.96 0.83 42.84 .250 .500
48 50.80 0.51 49.78 0.58 49.64 0.65 49.50 0.72 49.36 0.79 49.22 0.86 49.08 0.93 48.94
54 57.10 0.57 55.96 0.65 55.80 0.73 55.64 0.81 55.48 0.89 55.32 0.97 55.16 1.05 55.00

**REDUCE I.D. BY DIMENSION SHOWN

Page 42

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

Stainless Steel, Hastelloy "C" & Titanium Pipe

Pipe Pipe Scheule 5 S (a) Schedule 10 S (a) Schedule 40 S Schedule 80 S
Size O.D. I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL

½ .840 .710 .065 .674 .083 .622 .109 .546 .147
¾ 1.050 .920 .065 .884 .083 .824 .113 .742 .154

1 1.315 1.185 .065 1.097 .109 1.049 .133 .957 .179
1¼ 1.660 1.530 .065 1.442 .109 1.380 .140 1.278 .191
1½ 1.900 1.770 .065 1.682 .109 1.610 .145 1.500 .200

2 2.375 2.245 .065 2.157 .109 2.067 .154 1.939 .218
2½ 2.875 2.709 .083 2.635 .120 2.469 .203 2.323 .276

3 3.500 3.334 .083 3.260 .120 3.068 .216 2.900 .300
3½ 4.000 3.834 .083 3.760 .120 3.548 .226 3.364 .318

4 4.500 4.334 .083 4.260 .120 4.026 .237 3.826 .337

5 5.563 5.345 .109 5.295 .134 5.047 .258 4.813 .375

6 6.625 6.407 .109 6.357 .134 6.065 .280 5.761 .432

8 8.625 8.407 .109 8.329 .148 7.981 .322 7.625 .500
10 10.750 10.482 .134 10.420 .165 10.020 .365 9.750 .500
12 12.750 12.438 .156 12.390 .180 12.000 .375 11.750 .500
14 14.000 13.688 .156 13.624 .188
16 16.000 15.670 .165 15.624 .188
18 18.000 17.670 .165 17.624 .188
20 20.000 19.634 .188 19.564 .218
22 22.000 21.624 .188 21.564 .218
24 24.000 23.563 .218 23.500 .250

Pipe Pipe Schedule 60 Schedule 80 Schedule 100 Schedule 120 Schedule 140 Schedule 160
Size O.D. I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL

½ .840 .546 .147 .466 .187
¾ 1.050 .742 .154 .614 .218

1 1.315 .957 .179 .815 .250
1¼ 1.660 1.278 .191 1.160 .250
1½ 1.900 1.500 .200 1.338 .281

2 2.375 1.939 .218 1.689 .343
2½ 2.875 2.323 .276 2.125 .375

3 3.500 2.900 .300 2.624 .438
3½ 4.000 3.364 .318

4 4.500 3.826 .337 3.624 .438 3.438 .531

5 5.563 4.813 .375 4.563 .500 4.313 .625

6 6.625 5.761 .432 5.501 .562 5.189 .718

8 8.625 7.813 .406 7.625 .500 7.439 .593 7.189 .718 7.001 .812 6.813 .906
10 10.750 9.750 .500 9.564 .593 9.314 .718 9.064 .843 8.750 1.000 8.500 1.125
12 12.750 11.626 .562 11.376 .687 11.064 .843 10.750 1.000 10.500 1.125 10.126 1.312
14 14.000 12.814 .593 12.500 .750 12.126 .937 11.814 1.093 11.500 1.250 11.188 1.406
16 16.000 14.688 .656 14.314 .843 13.938 1.031 13.564 1.218 13.124 1.438 12.814 1.593
18 18.000 16.500 .750 16.126 .937 15.688 1.156 15.250 1.375 14.876 1.562 14.438 1.781
20 20.000 18.376 .812 17.938 1.031 17.438 1.281 17.000 1.500 16.500 1.750 16.064 1.968
22 22.000 20.250 .875 19.750 1.125 19.250 1.375 18.750 1.625 18.250 1.875 17.750 2.125
24 24.000 22.064 .968 21.564 1.218 20.938 1.531 20.376 1.812 19.876 2.062 19.314 2.343

Page 43

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

Cast Iron Pipe - ASA Standard

Pipe Pipe Class 50 Class 100 Class 150 Class 200 Class 250 Class 300 Class 350
Size O.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D.

3 3.96 0.32 3.32 0.32 3.32 0.32 3.32 0.32 3.32 0.32 3.32 0.32 3.32 0.32 3.32

4 4.80 0.35 4.10 0.35 4.10 0.35 4.10 0.35 4.10 0.35 4.10 0.35 4.10 0.35 4.10

6 6.90 0.38 6.14 0.38 6.14 0.38 6.14 0.38 6.14 0.38 6.14 0.38 6.14 0.38 6.14

8 9.05 0.41 8.23 0.41 8.23 0.41 8.23 0.41 8.23 0.41 8.23 0.41 8.23 0.41 8.23

10 11.10 0.44 10.22 0.44 10.22 0.44 10.22 0.44 10.22 0.44 10.22 0.48 10.14 0.52 10.06
12 13.20 0.48 12.24 0.48 12.24 0.48 12.24 0.48 12.24 0.52 12.16 0.52 12.16 0.56 12.08
14 15.30 0.48 14.34 0.51 14.28 0.51 14.28 0.55 14.20 0.59 14.12 0.59 14.12 0.64 14.02
16 17.40 0.54 16.32 0.54 16.32 0.54 16.32 0.58 16.24 0.63 16.14 0.68 16.04 0.68 16.04
18 19.50 0.54 18.42 0.58 18.34 0.58 18.34 0.63 18.24 0.68 18.14 0.73 18.04 0.79 17.92
20 21.60 0.57 20.46 0.62 20.36 0.62 20.36 0.67 20.26 0.72 20.16 0.78 20.04 0.84 19.92
24 25.80 0.63 24.54 0.68 24.44 0.73 24.34 0.79 24.22 0.79 24.22 0.85 24.10 0.92 23.96

Cast Iron Pipe - AWWA Standard

Class A Class B Class C Class D
Pipe
Size O.D. WALL I.D. O.D. WALL I.D. O.D. WALL I.D. O.D. WALL I.D.

3 3.80 0.39 3.02 3.96 0.42 3.12 3.96 0.45 3.06 3.96 0.48 3.00
4 4.80 0.42 3.96 5.00 0.45 4.10 5.00 0.48 4.04 5.00 0.52 3.96
6 6.90 0.44 6.02 7.10 0.48 6.14 7.10 0.51 6.08 7.10 0.55 6.00

8 9.05 0.46 8.13 9.05 0.51 8.03 9.30 0.56 8.18 9.30 0.60 8.10
10 11.10 0.50 10.10 11.10 0.57 9.96 11.40 0.62 10.16 11.40 0.68 10.04
12 13.20 0.54 12.12 13.20 0.62 11.96 13.50 0.68 12.14 13.50 0.75 12.00
14 15.30 0.57 14.16 15.30 0.66 13.98 15.65 0.74 14.17 15.65 0.82 14.01
16 17.40 0.60 16.20 17.40 0.70 16.00 17.80 0.80 16.20 17.80 0.89 16.02
18 19.50 0.64 18.22 19.50 0.75 18.00 19.92 0.87 18.18 19.92 0.96 18.00
20 21.60 0.67 20.26 21.60 0.80 20.00 22.06 0.92 20.22 22.06 1.03 20.00
24 25.80 0.76 24.28 25.80 0.89 24.02 26.32 1.04 24.22 26.32 1.16 24.00
30 31.74 0.88 29.98 32.00 1.03 29.94 32.40 1.20 30.00 32.74 1.37 30.00
36 37.96 0.99 35.98 38.30 1.15 36.00 38.70 1.36 39.98 39.16 1.58 36.00
42 44.20 1.10 42.00 44.50 1.28 41.94 45.10 1.54 42.02 45.58 1.78 42.02
48 50.50 1.26 47.98 50.80 1.42 47.96 51.40 1.71 47.98 51.98 1.96 48.06
54 56.66 1.35 53.96 57.10 1.55 54.00 57.80 1.90 54.00 58.40 2.23 53.94
60 62.80 1.39 60.02 63.40 1.67 60.06 64.20 2.00 60.20 64.82 2.38 60.06
72 75.34 1.62 72.10 76.00 1.95 72.10 76.88 2.39 72.10
84 87.54 1.72 84.10 88.54 2.22 84.10

100 Ft. 43 PSIG 200 Ft. 86 PSIG 300 Ft. 130 PSIG 400 Ft. 173 PSIG

Class E Class F Class G Class H
Pipe
Size O.D. WALL I.D. O.D. WALL I.D. O.D. WALL I.D. O.D. WALL I.D.

6 7.22 0.58 6.06 7.22 0.61 6.00 7.38 0.65 6.08 7.38 0.69 6.00

8 9.42 0.66 8.10 9.42 0.71 8.00 9.60 0.75 8.10 9.60 0.80 8.00
10 11.60 0.74 10.12 11.60 0.80 10.00 11.84 0.86 10.12 11.84 0.92 10.00
12 13.78 0.82 12.14 13.78 0.89 12.00 14.08 0.97 12.14 14.08 1.04 12.00
14 15.98 0.90 14.18 15.98 0.99 14.00 16.32 1.07 14.18 16.32 1.16 14.00
16 18.16 0.98 16.20 18.16 1.08 16.00 18.54 1.18 16.18 18.54 1.27 16.00
18 20.34 1.07 18.20 20.34 1.17 18.00 20.78 1.28 18.22 20.78 1.39 18.00
20 22.54 1.15 20.24 22.54 1.27 20.00 23.02 1.39 20.24 23.02 1.51 20.00
24 26.90 1.31 24.28 26.90 1.45 24.00 27.76 1.75 24.26 27.76 1.88 24.00
30 33.10 1.55 30.00 33.46 1.73 30.00
36 39.60 1.80 36.00 40.04 2.02 36.00

500 Ft. 217 PSIG 600 Ft. 260 PSIG 700 Ft. 304 PSIG 800 Ft. 347 PSIG

Page 44

TTFM 1.0 Transit Time Flow Meter

Copper Tubing

Pipe K L M Copper & Brass Pipe Aluminum

Size O.D. I.D. WALL O.D. I.D. WALL O.D. I.D. WALL O.D. I.D. WALL O.D. I.D. WALL

½" 0.625 0.527 0.049 0.625 0.545 0.040 0.625 0.569 0.028 0.840 0.625 0.108

⅝" 0.750 0.652 0.049 0.750 0.666 0.042 0.750 0.690 0.030

¾" 0.875 0.745 0.065 0.875 0.785 0.045 0.875 0.811 0.032 1.050 0.822 0.114

1" 1.125 0.995 0.065 1.125 1.025 0.050 1.125 1.055 0.035 1.315 1.062 0.127
1 ¼" 1.375 1.245 0.065 1.375 1.265 0.055 1.375 1.291 0.042 1.660 1.368 0.146
1 ½" 1.625 1.481 0.072 1.625 1.505 0.060 1.625 1.527 0.049 1.900 1.600 0.150

2" 2.125 1.959 0.083 2.125 1.985 0.070 2.125 2.009 0.058 2.375 2.062 0.157

2 ½ 2.625 2.435 0.095 2.625 2.465 0.080 2.625 2.495 0.065 2.875 2.500 0.188 2.500 2.400 0.050

3" 3.125 2.907 0.109 3.125 2.945 0.090 3.125 2.981 0.072 3.500 3.062 0.219 3.000 2.900 0.050
3 ½" 3.625 3.385 0.120 3.625 3.425 0.100 3.625 3.459 0.083 4.000 3.500 0.250

4" 4.125 3.857 0.134 4.125 3.905 0.110 4.125 3.935 0.095 4.500 3.935 0.095 4.000 4.000 0.250
4 ½" 5.000 4.500 0.250

5" 5.125 4.805 0.160 5.125 4.875 0.125 5.125 4.907 0.109 5.563 5.063 0.250 5.000 4.874 0.063

6" 6.125 5.741 0.192 6.125 5.845 0.140 6.125 5.881 0.122 6.625 6.125 0.250 6.000 5.874 0.063

7" 7.625 7.062 0.282 7.000 6.844 0.078

8" 8.125 7.583 0.271 8.125 7.725 0.200 8.125 7.785 0.170 8.625 8.000 0.313 8.000 7.812 0.094

10" 10.125 9.449 0.338 10.125 9.625 0.250 10.125 9.701 0.212 10.000 9.812 0.094
12" 12.125 11.315 0.405 12.125 11.565 0.280 12.125 11.617 0.254

Page 45

APPENDIX C – Liquid Speed of Sound

Substance Form Index Specific Gravity Sound Speed

m/sec.

Acetic anhydride (22) (CH3CO)2O 1.082 (20ºC) 1180 2.5
Acetic acid, anhydride (22) (CH3CO)2O 1.082 (20ºC) 1180 2.5

Acetic acid, nitrile C2H3N 0.783 1290 4.1
Acetic acid, ethyl ester (33) C4H8O2 0.901 1085 4.4
Acetic acid, methyl ester C3H6O2 0.934 1211

Acetone C3H6O 0.791 1174 4.5
Acetonitrile C2H3N 0.783 1290 4.1
Acetonylacetone C6H10O2 0.729 1399 3.6
Acetylene dichloride C2H2Cl2 1.26 1015 3.8
Acetylene tetrabromide (47) C2H2Br4 2.966 1027

Acetylene tetrachloride (47) C2H2Cl4 1.595 1147
Alcohol C2H6O 0.789 1207 4.0

Alkazene-13 C15H24 0.86 1317 3.9
Alkazene-25 C10H12Cl2 1.20 1307 3.4
2-Amino-ethanol C2H7NO 1.018 1724 3.4
2-Aminotolidine (46) C7H9N 0.999 (20ºC) 1618

4-Aminotolidine (46) C7H9N 0.966 (45ºC) 1480
Ammonia (35) NH3 0.771 1729 6.68

Amorphous Polyolefin 0.98 962.6
t-Amyl alcohol C5H12O 0.81 1204
Aminobenzene (41) C6H5NO2 1.022 1639 4.0

Aniline (41) C6H5NO2 1.022 1639 4.0
Argon (45) Ar 1.400 (-188ºC) 853

Azine C6H5N 0.982 1415 4.1
Benzene (29,40,41) C6H6 0.879 1306 4.65
Benzol(29,40,41) C6H6 0.879 1306 4.65
Bromine (21) Br2 2.928 889 3.0
Bromo-benzene (46) C6H5Br 1.522 1170

1-Bromo-butane (46) C4H9Br 1.276 (20ºC) 1019
Bromo-ethane (46) C2H5Br 1.460 (20ºC) 900
Bromoform (46,47) CHBr3 2.89 (20ºC) 918 3.1

n-Butane (2) C4H10 0.601 (0ºC) 1085 5.8
2-Butanol C4H10O 0.81 1240 3.3
sec-Butylalcohol C4H10O 0.81 1240 3.3
n-Butyl bromide (46) C4H9Br 1.276 (20ºC) 1019

n-Butyl chloride (22,46) C4H9Cl 0.887 1140 4.57
tert Butyl chloride C4H9Cl 0.84 984 4.2
Butyl oleate C22H42O2 1404 3.0

2,3 Butylene glycol C4H10O2 1.019 1484 1.51
Cadmium (7) Cd 2237.7

Carbinol (40,41) CH4O 0.791 (20ºC) 1076 2.92
Carbitol C6H14O3 0.988 1458

Carbon dioxide (26) CO2 1.101 (-37ºC) 839 7.71
Carbon disulphide CS2 1.261 (22ºC) 1149

Carbon tetrachloride(33,35,47) CCl4 1.595 (20ºC) 926 2.48

v/°C - m/s/°C Δ

Fluid Sound Speed Table

Substance Form Index Specific Gravity Sound Speed

v/°C - m/s/°C Δ

m/sec.

Carbon tetrafluoride (14) CF4 1.75 (-150ºC) 875.2 6.61
Cetane (23) C16H34 0.773 (20ºC) 1338 3.71

Chloro-benezene C6H5Cl 1.106 1273 3.6
1-Chloro-butane (22,46) C4H9Cl 0.887 1140 4.57
Chloro-diFluoromethane (3) (Freon 22) CHClF2 1.491 (-69ºC) 893.9 4.79
Chloroform (47) CHCl3 1.489 979 3.4
1-Chloro-propane (47) C3H7Cl 0.892 1058

Chlorotrifluoromethane (5) CClF3 724 5.26
Cinnamaldehyde C9H8O 1.112 1554 3.2

Cinnamic aldehyde C9H8O 1.112 1554 3.2
Colamine C2H7NO 1.018 1724 3.4
o-Cresol (46) C7H8O 1.047 (20ºC) 1541

m-Cresol (46) C7H8O 1.034 (20ºC) 1500
Cyanomethane C2H3N 0.783 1290 4.1

Cyclohexane (15) C6H12 0.779 (20ºC) 1248 5.41
Cyclohexanol C6H12O 0.962 1454 3.6
Cyclohexanone C6H10O 0.948 1423 4.0
Decane (46) C10H22 0.730 1252

1-Decene (27) C10H20 0.746 1235 4.0
n-Decylene (27) C10 H20 0.746 1235 4.0
Diacetyl C4H6O2 0.99 1236 4.6
Diamylamine C10H23N 1256 3.9

1,2 Dibromo-ethane (47) C2H4Br2 2.18 995
trans-1,2-Dibromoethene(47) C2H2Br2 2.231 935
Dibutyl phthalate C8H22O4 1408
Dichloro-t-butyl alcohol C4H8Cl2O 1304 3.8
2,3 Dichlorodioxane C2H6Cl2O2 1391 3.7
Dichlorodifluoromethane (3) (Freon 12) CCl2F2 1.516 (-40ºC) 774.1 4.24

1,2 Dichloro ethane (47) C2H4Cl2 1.253 1193
cis 1,2-Dichloro-Ethene(3,47) C2H2Cl2 1.284 1061
trans 1,2-Dichloro-ethene(3,47) C2H2Cl2 1.257 1010
Dichloro-fluoromethane (3) (Freon 21) CHCl2F 1.426 (0ºC) 891 3.97

1-2-Dichlorohexafluoro cyclobutane (47) C4Cl2F6 1.654 669
1-3-Dichloro-isobutane C4H8Cl2 1.14 1220 3.4

Dichloro methane (3) CH2Cl2 1.327 1070 3.94
1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2,2 tetra fluoroethane CClF2-CClF2 1.455 665.3 3.73
Diethyl ether C4H10O 0.713 985 4.87
Diethylene glycol, monoethyl ether C6H14O3 0.988 1458

Diethylenimide oxide C4H9NO 1.00 1442 3.8
1,2-bis(DiFluoramino) butane (43) C4H8(NF2)2 1.216 1000

1,2bis(DiFluoramino)- 2-methylpropane
(43)
1,2bis(DiFluoramino) propane (43) C3H6(NF2)2 1.265 960

2,2bis(DiFluoramino) propane (43) C3H6(NF2)2 1.254 890
2,2-Dihydroxydiethyl ether C4H10O3 1.116 1586 2.4

C4H9(NF2)2 1.213 900

Page 47

Fluid Sound Speed Table

Substance Form Index Specific Gravity Sound Speed

v/°C - m/s/°C Δ

m/sec.

Dihydroxyethane C2H6O2 1.113 1658 2.1
1,3-Dimethyl-benzene (46) C8H10 0.868 (15ºC) 1343

1,2-1.0Dimethyl-benzene(29,46) C8H10 0.897 (20ºC) 1331.5 4.1
1,4-Dimethyl-benzene (46) C8H10 1334

2,2-Dimethyl-butane (29,33) C6H14 0.649 (20ºC) 1079
Dimethyl ketone C3H6O 0.791 1174 4.5

Dimethyl pentane (47) C7H16 0.674 1063
Dimethyl phthalate C8H10O4 1.2 1463
Diiodo-methane CH2I2 3.235 980
Dioxane C4H8O2 1.033 1376
Dodecane (23) C12H26 0.749 1279 3.85

1,2-Ethanediol C2H6O2 1.113 1658 2.1
Ethanenitrile C2H3N 0.783 1290

Ethanoic anhydride (22) (CH3CO)2O 1.082 1180
Ethanol C2H6O 0.789 1207 4.0

Ethanol amide C2H7NO 1.018 1724 3.4
Ethoxyethane C4H10O 0.713 985 4.87
Ethyl acetate (33) C4H8O2 0.901 1085 4.4
Ethyl alcohol C2H6O 0.789 1207 4.0
Ethyl benzene (46) C8H10 0.867(20ºC) 1338

Ethyl bromide (46) C2H5Br 1.461 (20ºC) 900
Ethyliodide (46) C2H5I 1.950 (20ºC) 876
Ether C4H10O 0.713 985 4.87

Ethyl ether C4H10O 0.713 985 4.87
Ethylene bromide (47) C2H4Br2 2.18 995

Ethylene chloride (47) C2H4Cl2 1.253 1193
Ethylene glycol C2H6O2 1.113 1658 2.1

50% Glycol/ 50% H2O 1578
d-Fenochone C10H16O 0.947 1320
d-2-Fenechanone C10H16O 0.947 1320
Fluorine F 0.545 (-143ºC) 403 11.31

Fluoro-benzene (46) C6H5F 1.024 (20ºC) 1189
Formaldehyde, methyl ester C2H4O2 0.974 1127 4.02

Formamide CH3NO 1.134 (20ºC) 1622 2.2
Formic acid, amide CH3NO 1.134 (20ºC) 1622

Freon R12 774
Furfural C5H4O2 1.157 1444
Furfuryl alcohol C5H6O2 1.135 1450 3.4

Fural C5H4O2 1.157 1444 3.7
2-Furaldehyde C5H4O2 1.157 1444 3.7
2-Furancarboxaldehyde C5H4O2 1.157 1444 3.7
2-Furyl-Methanol C5H6O2 1.135 1450 3.4
Gallium Ga 6.095 2870 (@30ºC)

Glycerin C3H8O3 1.26 1904 2.2

Page 48

Fluid Sound Speed Table

Substance Form Index Specific Gravity Sound Speed

v/°C - m/s/°C Δ

m/sec.

Glycerol C3H8O3 1.26 1904 2.2
Glycol C2H6O2 1.113 1658 2.1
Helium (45) He4 0.125(-268.8ºC) 183

Heptane (22,23) C7H16 0.684 (20ºC) 1131 4.25
n-Heptane (29,33) C7H16 0.684 (20ºC) 1180 4.0
Hexachloro-Cyclopentadiene(47) C5Cl6 1.7180 1150

Hexadecane (23) C16H34 0.773 (20ºC) 1338 3.71
Hexalin C6H12O 0.962 1454 3.6
Hexane (16,22,23) C6H14 0.659 1112 2.71
n-Hexane (29,33) C6H14 0.649 (20ºC) 1079 4.53
2,5-Hexanedione C6H10O2 0.729 1399 3.6
n-Hexanol C6H14O 0.819 1300 3.8
Hexahydrobenzene (15) C6H12 0.779 1248 5.41
Hexahydrophenol C6H12O 0.962 1454 3.6
Hexamethylene (15) C6H12 0.779 1248 5.41
Hydrogen (45) H2 0.071 (-256ºC) 1187

2-Hydroxy-toluene (46) C7H8O 1.047 (20ºC) 1541
3-Hydroxy-tolune (46) C7H8O 1.034 (20ºC) 1500
Iodo-benzene (46) C6H5I 1.823 1114
Iodo-ethane (46) C2H5I 1.950 (20ºC) 876
Iodo-methane CH3I 2.28 (20ºC) 978
Isobutyl acetate (22) C6H12O 1180 4.85
Isobutanol C4H10O 0.81 (20ºC) 1212
Iso-Butane 1219.8
Isopentane (36) C5H12 0.62 (20ºC) 980 4.8

Isopropanol (46) C3H8O 0.785 (20ºC) 1170
Isopropyl alcohol (46) C3H8O 0.785 (20ºC) 1170
Kerosene 0.81 1324 3.6
Ketohexamethylene C6H10O 0.948 1423 4.0

Lithium fluoride (42) LiF 2485 1.29
Mercury (45) Hg 13.594 1449
Mesityloxide C6H16O 0.85 1310
Methane (25,28,38,39) CH4 0.162 405(-89.15ºC) 17.5

Methanol (40,41) CH4O 0.791 (20ºC) 1076 2.92
Methyl acetate C3H6O2 0.934 1211

o-Methylaniline (46) C7H9N 0.999 (20ºC) 1618
4-Methylaniline (46) C7H9N 0.966 (45ºC) 1480
Methyl alcohol (40,44) CH4O 0.791 (20ºC) 1076 2.92

Methyl benzene (16,52) C7H8 0.867 1328 4.27
2-Methyl-butane (36) C5H12 0.62 (20ºC) 980

Methyl carbinol C2H6O 0.789 1207 4.0
Methyl-chloroform (47) C2H3Cl3 1.33 985

Methyl-cyanide C2H3N 0.783 1290
3-Methyl cyclohexanol C7H14O 0.92 1400

Page 49

Fluid Sound Speed Table

Substance Form Index Specific Gravity Sound Speed

v/°C - m/s/°C Δ

m/sec.

Methylene chloride (3) CH2Cl2 1.327 1070 3.94
Methylene iodide CH2I2 3.235 980

Methyl formate (22) C2H4O2 0.974 (20ºC) 1127 4.02
Methyl iodide CH3I 2.28 (20ºC) 978

2-Methylphenol (46) C7H8O 1.047 (20ºC) 1541
3-Methylphenol (46) C7H8O 1.034 (20ºC) 1500
Milk, homogenized 1548
Morpholine C4H9NO 1.00 1442 3.8

Naphtha 0.76 1225
Natural Gas (37) 0.316 (-103ºC) 753
Neon (45) Ne 1.207 (-246ºC) 595
Nitrobenzene (46) C6H5NO2 1.204 (20ºC) 1415
Nitrogen (45) N2 0.808 (-199ºC) 962
Nitromethane (43) CH3NO2 1.135 1300 4.0

Nonane (23) C9H2O 0.718 (20ºC) 1207 4.04
1-Nonene (27) C9H18 0.736 (20ºC) 1207 4.0
Octane (23) C8H18 0.703 1172 4.14
n-Octane (29) C8H18 0.704 (20ºC) 1212.5 3.50
1-Octene (27) C8H16 0.723 (20ºC) 1175.5 4.10
Oil of Camphor Sassafrassy 1390 3.8

Oil, Car (SAE 20a.30) 1.74 870
Oil, Castor C11H10O10 0.969 1477 3.6

Oil, Diesel 0.80 1250
Oil, FuelAA gravity 0.99 1485 3.7
Oil (Lubricating X200) 1530 5019.9
Oil (Olive) 0.912 1431 2.75
Oil (Peanut) 0.936 1458
Oil (Sperm) 0.88 1440
Oil, 6 1509
2,2-Oxydiethanol C4H10O3 1.116 1586 2.4

Oxygen (45) O2 1.155 (-186ºC) 952
Pentachloro-ethane (47) C2HCl5 1.687 1082
Pentalin (47) C2HCl5 1.687 1082
Pentane (36) C5H12 0.626 (20ºC) 1020
n-Pentane (47) C5H12 0.557 1006
Perchlorocyclopentadiene(47) C5Cl6 1.718 1150
Perchloro-ethylene (47) C2Cl4 1.632 1036
Perfluoro-1-Hepten (47) C7F14 1.67 583
Perfluoro-n-Hexane (47) C6F14 1.672 508
Phene (29,40,41) C6H6 0.879 1306 4.65

ß-Phenyl acrolein C9H8O 1.112 1554 3.2
Phenylamine (41) C6H5NO2 1.022 1639 4.0
Phenyl bromide (46) C6H5Br 1.522 1170

Page 50

Fluid Sound Speed Table

Substance Form Index Specific Gravity Sound Speed

v/°C - m/s/°C Δ

m/sec.

Phenyl chloride C6H5Cl 1.106 1273 3.6
Phenyl iodide (46) C6H5I 1.823 1114

Phenyl methane (16,52) C7H8 0.867 (20ºC) 1328 4.27
3-Phenyl propenal C9H8O 1.112 1554 3.2
Phthalardione C8H4O3 1125

Phthalic acid, anhydride C8H4O3 1125
Phthalic anhydride C8H4O3 1125
Pimelic ketone C6H10O 0.948 1423 4.0

Plexiglas, Lucite,Acrylic 2651
Polyterpene Resin 0.77 1099.8
Potassium bromide (42) Kbr 1169 0.71
Potassium fluoride (42) KF 1792 1.03
Potassium iodide (42) KI 985 0.64
Potassium nitrate (48) KNO3 1.859 (352ºC) 1740.1 1.1

Propane (2,13)(-45 to -130ºC) C3H8 0.585 (-45ºC) 1003 5.7
1,2,3-Propanetriol C3H8O3 1.26 1904 2.2
1-Propanol (46) C3H8O 0.78 (20ºC) 1222

2-Propanol (46) C3H8O 0.785 (20ºC) 1170
2-Propanone C3H6O 0.791 1174 4.5

Propene (17,18,35) C3H6 0.563 (-13ºC) 963 6.32
n-Propyl acetate (22) C5H10O2 1280 (2ºC) 4.63

n-Propyl alcohol C3H8O 0.78 (20ºC) 1222
Propylchloride (47) C3H7Cl 0.892 1058
Propylene (17,18,35) C3H6 0.563 (-13ºC) 963 6.32

Pyridine C6H5N 0.982 1415 4.1
Refrigerant 11 (3,4) CCl3F 1.49 828.3 3.56
Refrigerant 12 (3) CCl2F2 1.516 (-40ºC) 774.1 4.24
Refrigerant 14 (14) CF4 1.75 (-150ºC) 875.24 6.61
Refrigerant 21 (3) CHCl2F 1.426 (0ºC) 891 3.97
Refrigerant 22 (3) CHClF2 1.491 (-69ºC) 893.9 4.79
Refrigerant 113 (3) CCl2F-CClF2 1.563 783.7 3.44
Refrigerant 114 (3) CClF2-CClF2 1.455 665.3 3.73
Refrigerant 115 (3) C2ClF5 656.4 4.42

Refrigerant C318 (3) C4F8 1.62 (-20ºC) 574 3.88
Selenium (8) Se 1072 0.68

Silicone (30 cp) 0.993 990
Sodium fluoride (42) NaF 0.877 2082 1.32

Sodium nitrate (48) NaNO3 1.884 (336ºC) 1763.3 0.74
Sodium nitrite (48) NaNO2 1.805 (292ºC) 1876.8

Solvesso 3 0.877 1370 3.7
Spirit of wine C2H6O 0.789 1207 4.0

Sulphur (7,8,10) S 1177 -1.13
Sulphuric acid (1) H2SO4 1.841 1257.6 1.43

Tellurium (7) Te 991 0.73

Page 51

Fluid Sound Speed Table

Substance Form Index Specific Gravity Sound Speed

v/°C - m/s/°C Δ

m/sec.

1,1,2,2-Tetrabromo-ethane(47) C2H2Br4 2.966120 1027
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-ethane(67) C2H2Cl4 1.595 1147
Tetrachloroethane (46) C2H2Cl4 1.553 (20ºC) 1170
Tetrachloro-ethene (47) C2Cl4 1.632 1036
Tetrachloro-methane (33,47) CCl4 1.595 (20ºC) 926
Tetradecane (46) C14H3O 0.763 (20ºC) 1331

Tetraethylene glycol C8H18O5 1.123 1586/5203.4 3.0
Tetrafluoro-methane (14) (Freon 14) CF4 1.75 (-150ºC) 875.24 6.61
Tetrahydro-1,4-isoxazine C4H9NO 1442 3.8

Toluene (16,52) C7H8 0.867 (20ºC) 1328 4.27
o-Toluidine (46) C7H9N 0.999 (20ºC) 1618

p-Toluidine (46) C7H9N 0.966 (45ºC) 1480
Toluol C7H8 0.866 1308 4.2

Tribromo-methane(46,47) CHBr3 2.89 (20ºC) 918
1,1,1-Trichloro-ethane(47) C2H3Cl3 1.33 985
Trichloro-ethene (47) C2HCl3 1.464 1028
Trichloro-fluoromethane(3) (Freon 11) CCl3F 1.49 828.3 3.56

Trichloro-methane (47) CHCl3 1.489 979 3.4
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-Trifluoro-Ethane CCl2F-CClF2 1.563 783.7

Triethyl-amine (33) C6H15N 0.726 1123 4.47
Triethylene glycol C6H14O4 1.123 1608 3.8
1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-Chloro-2-Bromo-Ethane C2HClBrF3 1.869 693

1,2,2-Trifluorotrichloro-ethane (Freon 113) CCl2F-CClF2 1.563 783.7 3.44
d-1,3,3-Trimethylnor-camphor C10H16O 0.947 1320

Trinitrotoluene (43) C7H5(NO2)3 1.64 1610
Turpentine 0.88 1255
Unisis 800 0.87 1346
Water, distilled (49,50) H2O 0.996 1498 -2.4

Water, heavy D²O 1400
Water, sea 1.025 1531 -2.4
WoodAlcohol (40,41) CH4O 0.791 (20ºC) 1076 2.92

Xenon (45) Xe 630
m-Xylene (46) C8H10 0.868 (15ºC) 1343
o-Xylene (29,46) C8H10 0.897 (20ºC) 1331.5 4.1

p-Xylene (46) C8H10 1334
Xylene hexafluoride C8H4F6 1.37 879
Zinc (7) Zn 3298

Page 52