GE PT878 User Manual

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Sensing & Inspection Technologies Flow

TransPort® Model PT878

Portable Liquid Flowmeter

User’s Manual

910-219 Rev. F

November 2009

Sensing & Inspection Technologies

TransPort® Model PT878

Portable Liquid Flowmeter

User’s Manual

910-219 Rev. F November 2009

GESensingInspection.com

Technical content subject to change without notice.

[no content intended for this page - proceed to next page]

Preface

Information Paragraphs

• Note paragraphs provide information that provides a deeper understanding of

the situation, but is not essential to the proper completion of the instructions.

• Important paragraphs provide information that emphasizes instructions that

are essential to proper setup of the equipment. Failure to follow these instructions carefully may cause unreliable performance.

• Caution! paragraphs provide information that alerts the operator to a hazardous

situation that can cause damage to property or equipment.

• Warning! paragraphs provide information that alerts the operator to a

hazardous situation that can cause injury to personnel. Cautionary information is also included, when applicable.

Safety Issues

WARNING! It is the responsibility of the user to make sure all local, county,

state and national codes, regulations, rules and laws related to safety and safe operating conditions are met for each installation.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual iii

Preface

Auxiliary Equipment

Local Safety Standards

The user must make sure that he operates all auxiliary equipment in accordance with local codes, standards, regulations, or laws applicable to safety.

Working Area

WARNING! Auxiliary equipment may have both manual and automatic

modes of operation. As equipment can move suddenly and without warning, do not enter the work cell of this equipment during automatic operation, and do not enter the work envelope of this equipment during manual operation. If you do, serious injury can result.

WARNING! Make sure that power to the auxiliary equipment is turned OFF

and locked out before you perform maintenance procedures on the equipment.

Qualification of Personnel

Make sure that all personnel have manufacturer-approved training applicable to the auxiliary equipment.

Personal Safety Equipment

Make sure that operators and maintenance personnel have all safety equipment applicable to the auxiliary equipment. Examples include safety glasses, protective headgear, safety shoes, etc.

Unauthorized Operation

Make sure that unauthorized personnel cannot gain access to the operation of the equipment.

iv Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Preface

Environmental Compliance

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive

GE Sensing & Inspection Technologies is an active participant in Europe’s Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) take-back initiative, directive 2002/96/EC.

The equipment that you bought has required the extraction and use of natural resources for its production. It may contain hazardous substances that could impact health and the environment.

In order to avoid the dissemination of those substances in our environment and to diminish the pressure on the natural resources, we encourage you to use the appropriate take-back systems. Those systems will reuse or recycle most of the materials of your end life equipment in a sound way.

The crossed-out wheeled bin symbol invites you to use those systems.

If you need more information on the collection, reuse and recycling systems, please contact your local or regional waste administration.

Visit http://www.gesensing.com/environment/weee.htm

for take-back

instructions and more information about this initiative.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual v

Preface

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vi Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Contents

Chapter 1. Features and Capabilities

1.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

1.2 System Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

1.2.1 The Flowcell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

1.2.2 Electronics Package. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

1.3 Theory of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Chapter 2. Initial Setup

2.1 Making Electrical Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

2.1.1 Power Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

2.1.2 Transducer Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

2.1.3 Input/Output Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

2.1.4 The Infrared Wireless Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

2.2 Caring for the PT878 Batteries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

2.2.1 Charging and Storing the Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

2.2.2 Replacing the Batteries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

2.2.3 Disposing of Batteries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

2.3 Powering ON and OFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2.4 Using the Screen and Keypad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2.4.1 Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2.4.2 Keypad. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.5 Obtaining On-Line Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual vii

Contents

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.1 Entering the Program Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

3.2 Entering Transducer Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

3.2.1 Parameters for Special Transducers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

3.2.2 Confirming Entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

3.3 Entering Pipe Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

3.4 Entering Pipe Lining Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

3.5 Entering Fluid Types and Speeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

3.6 Entering the Signal Path Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

3.6.1 Path Parameters for Clamp-On Transducers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

3.6.2 Path Parameters for Wetted Transducers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

3.7 Entering the Energy Option Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

3.7.1 Entering Inputs in the Energy Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

3.7.2 Entering Custom Cp Data in the Energy Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

3.8 Entering Analog Inputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

3.8.1 Entering General-Purpose Analog Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

3.8.2 Entering Analog Inputs in the Energy Option. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

3.9 Entering the Analog Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

3.10Entering the Digital Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

3.11Entering User Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

3.11.1 Entering Correction Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

3.11.2 Entering Reynolds Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

3.11.3 Entering a Calibration Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

viii Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Contents

Chapter 4. Creating and Managing Sites

4.1 The Site Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

4.1.1 Creating a New Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

4.1.2 Opening an Existing Site. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

4.1.3 Saving a Site. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

4.1.4 Saving a Site with a Different Name. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

4.1.5 Refreshing a Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

4.1.6 Renaming a Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

4.1.7 Deleting a Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

4.1.8 Creating a Site Message. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

4.1.9 Printing a Current Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

4.1.10 Transferring a Site File to a PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

4.1.11 Transferring a Site File in Text Format to a PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

4.1.12 Transferring a File from a PC to the PT878. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

4.1.13 Listing Files by Name. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

4.1.14 Listing Files in Chronological Order. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Chapter 5. Displaying and Configuring Data

5.1 The Format Option. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

5.2 The View Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

5.3 The Limits Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

5.4 The Measurement Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

5.5 Customizing the Display Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

5.5.1 Specifying the Number of Displayed Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

5.5.2 Customizing Softkeys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

5.6 Managing Files — The Drive Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

5.6.1 Transferring a File to a PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

5.6.2 Transferring a File from a PC to the PT878. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

5.6.3 Refreshing a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

5.6.4 Deleting a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

5.6.5 Listing Files by Name. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

5.6.6 Listing Files in Chronological Order. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

5.7 Accessing Meter Data —The About Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual ix

Contents

Chapter 6. Programming Meter Settings

6.1 Entering the Meter Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

6.2 Selecting Measurement Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

6.3 The Battery Charger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

6.4 Entering Date and Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

6.5 Changing Date and Time Appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

6.6 Adjusting the Contrast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

6.7 Setting Backlight Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

6.8 Changing the Display Language. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

6.9 Changing Communications Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

6.10Resetting Forward and Reverse Totals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

6.11Setting Up User Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

6.12Taking a Bitmap Capture of a Current Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

x Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Contents

Chapter 7. Logging Data

7.1 Entering the Logging Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

7.2 The Log Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

7.3 The File Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

7.3.1 Setting up a New Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

7.3.2 Copying (Cloning) a Selected Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

7.3.3 Renaming a Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

7.3.4 Deleting a Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

7.3.5 Deleting All Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

7.3.6 Refreshing the Log Manager Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

7.3.7 Printing a Log. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

7.3.8 Transferring a Log to a PC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

7.4 The Log Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

7.4.1 Stopping (Pausing) a Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

7.4.2 Restarting a Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

7.4.3 Ending a Log. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

7.4.4 Stopping All Logs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

7.4.5 Restarting All Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

7.4.6 Ending All Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

7.4.7 View All Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

7.5 The View Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

7.5.1 Displaying Log Details. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

7.5.2 Displaying Log Data in Graphical Form. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

7.5.3 Displaying Log Data in Spreadsheet Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

7.6 The Sort Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

7.6.1 Listing Logs by Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

7.6.2 Listing Logs in Chronological Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual xi

Contents

Chapter 8. Servicing the PT878

8.1 Entering the Service Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

8.2 Printing Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

8.3 Setting up the Thickness Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

8.4 Measuring Pipe Wall Thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

8.4.1 Entering the Material and Soundspeed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

8.4.2 Measuring Thickness in Numeric Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

8.4.3 Displaying the Receive Signal in Graphical Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

8.4.4 Calibrating the Thickness Gauge Transducer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

8.4.5 Calculating Velocity (Pipe Material Soundspeed) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

8.5 Programming the Thickness Gauge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

8.6 Displaying Diagnostic Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

8.7 Calibrating the Analog Output and Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

8.7.1 Calibrating the Analog Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

8.7.2 Calibrating Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

8.8 Setting up Signal Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

8.8.1 Setting up Signal Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

8.8.2 Setting up Peak Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

8.8.3 Selecting the Transmit Code. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

8.9 Setting Error Limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

8.10The Test Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

8.10.1 Testing the Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

8.10.2 Testing the Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

8.10.3 Testing the Watchdog Timer Circuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

8.10.4 Setting Impulse Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

8.10.5 Taking Wave Samples for Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

8.10.6 Applying a Stored Signal for Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

8.10.7 Testing the Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

8.11Resetting to Factory Default Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

8.12Updating PT878 Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

8.12.1 Updating Software Via IrOBEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

8.12.2 Updating Software Via IrCOMM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

xii Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Contents

Chapter 9. Diagnostics and Troubleshooting

9.1 Error Code Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

9.2 Displaying Diagnostic Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

9.3 Flowcell Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

9.3.1 Fluid Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

9.3.2 Pipe Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

9.4 Transducer Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

9.4.1 Wetted Transducer Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

9.4.2 Clamp-on Transducer Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

9.4.3 Relocating Transducers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

Chapter 10. Specifications

10.1Overall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

10.1.1 Hardware Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

10.1.2 Size/Weight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

10.1.3 Enclosure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

10.1.4 Flow Accuracy (Velocity, % of reading): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

10.2Electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

10.3Operational Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

10.4Transducer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

10.4.1 Clamp-On Ultrasonic Flow Transducers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

10.4.2 Temperature Transducers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

10.5Pipe Size and Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

10.5.1 Clamp-On Transducers: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

10.6Available Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual xiii

Contents

Appendix A. Menu Maps

Appendix B. Measuring P and L Dimensions

Appendix C. Temperature Transmitter Installation

C.1 Guidelines for RTD Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

C.2 Mounting RTDs on the Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

C.2.1 Assembling the Clamping Fixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

C.2.2 Mounting the RTD to the Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

C.3 Making Electrical Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

C.3.1 Connecting the RTD to the 4 to 20-mA Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

C.3.2 Connecting the Transmitter to the PT878. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Appendix D. Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge Theory of Operation

D.1 Factors Affecting Performance and Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

D.1.1 Transducer Positioning/Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

D.1.2 Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

D.1.3 Taper or Eccentricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

D.1.4 Acoustic Properties of the Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Appendix E. Material Safety Data Sheet for Couplant

E.1 Product Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

E.2 Hazardous Ingredients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

E.3 Physical Data (nominal) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

E.4 Fire and Explosion Hazard Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

E.5 Reactivity Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

E.6 Health Hazard and First Aid Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

E.7 Storage and Handling Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

E.8 Control Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

Appendix F. Establishing IR Communications

Appendix G. Glossary

xiv Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 1. Features and Capabilities

The TransPort® Model PT878 is a transit-time flowmeter which combines all the features of a full-size flowmeter with the advantages of a portable instrument.

This section describes the TransPort features and general system, and explains the theory of operation.

1.1 Overview

The PT878 measures the flow rate of acoustically conductive single-phase fluids. This includes most clean liquids, sewage, some slurries, some oil/water mixtures, and liquids with a small percentage of entrained gas bubbles. The flowmeter provides one linear (0/4-20 mA) analog output of flow velocities or volumetric flow rate of these fluids, measuring velocities from ±0.03 to ±12 m/sec (±0.1 to ±40 ft/sec), along with one selectable frequency output or pulsed totalizer output.

The PT878 also provides two 4 to 20-mA analog inputs in order to connect temperature transmitters to measure energy flow rate of liquids. Energy flow rate may be calculated for water, glycol, and water/glycol mixtures.

The PT878 has the ability to store site data in files which can be accessed at a later time. Within the Main Menu, a set of forms (windows) asks you all the necessary setup information for a particular site. Once the necessary questions are answered, you simply save the information to a file.

The PT878 stores these files and other data in non-volatile memory, which retains the information even if power is off. The flowmeter itself runs on rechargeable or alkaline batteries for up to 10 hours.

This small lightweight flowmeter displays measurements in both numeric and graphical form on a EL-backlit, 240 x 200 pixel LCD graphic screen. The PT878 also has the capability of logging over 100,000 flow data points internally.

Using an infrared communications port, the PT878 can transmit or print logged data, as well as real time data and other stored data. It is also computer-programmable via GE’s PanaView™ software.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 1

Chapter 1. Features and Capabilities

1.1 Overview (cont.)

To assist you, the PT878 is fully equipped with context-sensitive on-line help which is accessible at any time by simply pressing the “?” (Help) key. Internal diagnostic and troubleshooting features help is olate and remedy common flowcell and transducer problems.

The PT878 operates with all standard GE transducers - wetted, clamp-on,

hybrids (Pan-Adapta

plug), and buffered styles.

A built-in ultrasonic thickness gauge capability measures the pipe wall thickness when used with the optional thickness transducer.

1.2 System Description

The PT878 is one part of the flowmeter system. The flowmeter system consists of two essential subsystems: the flowcell and the electronics package (the PT878).

1.2.1 The Flowcell

The flowcell is that part of the system that uses ultrasonic pulses to interrogate the flow. It consists of the flowcell pipe and the transducers.

A. FLOWCELL PIPE - The flowcell can either be created in the existing

piping (for example, by inserting wetted transducers into the pipe, or clamping non-wetted transducers onto the pipe), or inserted as a substitute pipe section (spoolpiece). The flowcell must provide mechanical support for the transducers and assure stable fluid conditions for accurate flow measurement.

B. TRANSDUCERS - The transducers convert electrical energy into

ultrasonic pulses when in a transmit cycle, and convert the ultrasonic pulses back to electrical energy when in a receive cycle. In other words, they act like loudspeakers when transmitting the signal and microphones when receiving it. In the PT878 system, each transducer acts as both a receiver and transmitter, since a series of ultrasonic pulses are alternately sent upstream and then downstream through the flowcell.

2 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 1. Features and Capabilities

1.2.2 Electronics Package

The PT878 consists of circuits that generate, receive, and measure the travel time of the ultrasonic pulses. It also contains a microcomputer that controls operation and calculates flow measurement parameters. Specific circuits function as follows:

• TRANSMIT SIGNAL GENERATOR - The transmit signal generator,

under control of the microcomputer and timing circuit, synthesizes the signal that drives the transmitter.

• TRANSMITTER - The transmitter amplifies the signals from the

transmit signal generator to a signal that drives the transmit transducer.

• RECEIVER - The receiver amplifies the received signals to a level

suitable for the data acquisition circuitry.

• DATA ACQUISITION - The data acquisition circuitry digitizes the

received signal and stores it in a buffer for processing by the microcomputer.

• TIMING CIRCUIT - The timing circuit generates the transmitter

frequency, receive window, controls the data acquisition circuit and the direction of the transmission.

• MICROCOMPUTER - The microcomputer controls the PT878

flowmeter’s operation and calculates flow measurements derived from the transmitted and digitized received signals. Also, the microcomputer continually checks for faults and allows the use of built-in diagnostics for troubleshooting.

• INPUT/OUTPUT - The input/output circuitry allows the flowmeter to

indicate the measured flow with the 0/4-20 mA current loop, and to output to a printer or other remote device. The digital output supports frequency or pulse output, as well as use as a gate input; it can also act as a test point for triggering an oscilloscope from the transmit or receive window.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 3

Chapter 1. Features and Capabilities

1.3 Theory of Operation

The PT878 is a transit-time ultrasonic flowmeter. When ultrasonic pulses are transmitted through a moving liquid, the pulses that travel in the same direction as the fluid flow (downstream) travel slightly faster than the pulses that travel against the flow (upstream). The PT878 uses various digital signal processing techniques, including cross-correlation, to determine transit times and then uses the transit times to calculate flow velocity.

During operation, two transducers serve as both ultrasonic signal generators and receivers. When mounted on a pipe, they are in acoustic communication with each other, so that each transducer can receive ultrasonic signals transmitted by the other transducer. Each transducer thus functions as a transmitter generating a certain number of acoustic pulses, and as a receiver for an identical number of pulses.

The flowmeter measures the time interval between transmission and reception of the ultrasonic signals in both directions. When the liquid in the pipe is not flowing, the transit-time downstream equals the transit-time upstream. When the liquid is flowing, the transit-time downstream is less than the transit-time upstream. The difference between the downstream and upstream transit-times is proportional to the velocity of the flowing liquid, and its sign indicates the direction of flow.

4 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 2. Initial Setup

Before making measurements, you must prepare the PT878 for operation. This includes the following procedures:

• Making Electrical Connections

• Charging and/or Replacing Batteries

• Powering On and Off

• Using the Screen and Keypad

• Obtaining On-Line Help

Figure 1 below shows the PT878 in its standard soft case (a) and in the optional solid case (b). In the solid case, the interior is structured for optimal protection of the PT878 and its accessories.

(a) (b)

Figure 1: The PT878 and Accessories

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 5

Chapter 2. Initial Setup

2.1 Making Electrical Connections

Before making measurements with the PT878, you must make all the necessary connections to the unit. This section describes how to connect the following:

• Power

• Transducers

• Input/Output

• Infrared Interface

Make all connections to the top of the PT878 unit as shown in Figure 2 below. Please note that you need to make the proper power and transducer connections only. The other connections are required for particular functions, but are not necessary for basic operation.

Note: For a listing of Input/Output connections, see Table 1 on page 8.

Transducer

Upstream

Infrared Transceiver

Downstream

Power

Input/Output

Figure 2: Connection Locations

6 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 2. Initial Setup

2.1.1 Power Connections

The PT878 is powered by either a 100-120/200-260 VAC wall mount plug-in module, or by 5 internal C

-size NiCad high-energy rechargeable

batteries or by a pack of 3.0 Ahr NiMH batteries. (An optional power supplement, part #703-1283, uses 6 AA alkaline batteries.) When you receive the PT878, the batteries are not charged; therefore, to make remote measurements using the batteries, follow the instructions on page 9 to charge the batteries. In either case, you must connect the power cord to the appropriate terminal as shown in Figure 2 on page 6.

WARNING! To ensure the safe operation of the PT878, you must

install and operate it as described in this manual. In addition, be sure to follow all applicable safety codes and regulations for installing electrical equipment in your area. The PT878 and its transducers are designed for use only in general-purpose locations.

2.1.2 Transducer Connections

The transducer cables connect to the PT878 with LEMO® coaxial type connectors. Each color-coded cable should have a collar labeled UPSTREAM or DOWNSTREAM. Make transducer cable connections to the top of the flowmeter as shown in Figure 2 on page 6. Because there are various types of transducers and installations, transducer installation is discussed separately in the Liquid Transducer Installation Guide (916-055).

2.1.3 Input/Output Connections

The PT878 provides one 0/4-20 mA current output and two 4 to 20-mA analog inputs with switchable 16-V supply for loop- powered temperature transmitters. It also supports digital, frequency, and totalizer outputs.

Connect the inputs/outputs using a LEMO Figure 2 on page 6. The pin numbers for the connector and the color code for the standard input/output cable are shown in Table 1 on page 8.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 7

multi-pin connector as in

Chapter 2. Initial Setup

2.1.3 Input/Output Connections (cont.)

Table 1: Cable Assembly for Analog Inputs/Outputs

Number

Wire

Color Description

1 Black Analog Out 1 2 Red 16 V (switched) 3 White Supply or Return Temperature (Input A) 4 Yellow Supply or Return Temperature (Input B) 5 Green Analog Ground 6 Orange Digital Output (frequency output, pulse totalizer,

diagnostic output or calibration gate) 7 Blue Digital Ground 8 Violet Receive Monitor

2.1.4 The Infrared Wireless Interface

The PT878 comes equipped with an internal infrared transceiver (shown in Figure 2 on page 6) that enables communication between the meter and other IR devices, particularly the IR ports or dongles (IR to RS232 adapters)

of Windows They can also program the meter using the optional PanaView software interface. The PT878 was designed for use with products that comply to the IrDA protocol. For more information on establishing IR communications between the PT878 and your PC, refer to Appendix F.

-based PCs. Users can send and receive site and log data.

Note: The dongle connection is RS232. The configuration options are either

RS232 or IRDa. Selecting the RS232 does not

link the meter to the

dongle. IrDa must be selected for the link to work.

• To transfer files between the PT878 and PC, see Managing Files — the

Drive Manager on page 102.

• To transfer a log from the PT878 to a PC, see page 144.

8 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 2. Initial Setup

2.2 Caring for the PT878 Batteries

The PT878 comes with self-contained, built-in rechargeable batteries to support portable operation. For optimum performance, these batteries require a minimum of maintenance.

CAUTION! Use only GE-approved batteries and desktop chargers.

These chargers are designed to maximize battery life. Using other batteries or chargers voids the warranty and may cause damage.

IMPORTANT: For CE compliance, the PT878 is classified as a

battery-powered device, not to be used with the AC adaptor.

2.2.1 Charging and Storing the Batteries

When you receive the PT878, you will need to initially charge the batteries. Also, the battery may need recharging if it has not been used for a long period of time. The batteries must be charged up to 8 hours to receive the maximum charge. When fully charged, the batteries provide 8 to 10 hours of continuous operation. An internal battery gauge indicates the remaining power in the batteries.

To charge the batteries, simply plug the AC power module cord into the power jack (shown in Figure 2 on page 6) and be sure the battery pack is installed. When the PT878 is plugged into line voltage, the internal battery charger automatically charges the batteries, whether the PT878 is on or off. If the PT878 is on, the Battery icon in the upper right corner of the screen indicates battery status (as shown in Table 2 on page 10).

Note: For version 1B of the PT878 software, you must also press the red

power key in the upper right corner of the keypad. (See page 110 to determine your software version.)

For optimal run time, charge the batteries only in temperatures from 50°F to 104°F (10°C to 40°C). Otherwise, the batteries will not be properly charged and will have a significantly reduced run time.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 9

Chapter 2. Initial Setup

2.2.1 Charging and Storing the Batteries (cont.)

Store the batteries at temperatures from –4°F to 131°F (–20°C to 55°C) for periods of less than one month, or from 32°F to 104°F (0°C to 40°C) for longer periods. (If you are transporting them for two days or less, the batteries can withstand temperatures from –40°F to 158°F (–40°C to 70°C).

Table 2: Battery Status Icons

Icon Battery Status

Full battery Partially full battery

Empty battery Fully charged battery, connected to AC power

Charging battery Discharging battery Failure/missing battery Notification to check battery form (see page 114)

2.2.2 Replacing the Batteries

CAUTION! Replace batteries only with the specified rechargeable

batteries. The battery charges when the unit is off. Do not attempt to recharge non-rechargeable batteries.

If you need to replace the rechargeable batteries, use the recommended 3.0 Ahr NiMH batteries (part number 200-081). While the batteries can be recharged up to 600 times, it is best to replace them when they no longer provide acceptable performance. T o replace the batteries, remove the rubber boot, open the panel located on the back of the PT878 unit, disconnect the batteries, and replace with new ones (see Figure 3 on page 11).

10 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

2.2.2 Replacing the Batteries (cont.)

Battery Location

(behind panel)

Chapter 2. Initial Setup

Figure 3: Battery Location

To further extend the battery power on the PT878, the GE Part #705-1283 option uses 6 AA alkaline batteries.

2.2.3 Disposing of Batteries

CAUTION! Never dispose of the batteries by incineration. Do not

attempt to disassemble or short-circuit the batteries. For safety. do not handle a damaged or leaking battery.

IMPORTANT: Be sure to dispose of your battery properly. In some areas,

battery disposal in business or household trash may be prohibited. For safe disposal options, contact your nearest GE-authorized service center.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 11

Chapter 2. Initial Setup

2.3 Powering ON and OFF

To operate the PT878, the power cord must be plugged into line voltage or the battery must be charged as described previously.

IMPORTANT: For CE compliance, the PT878 is classified as a

battery-powered device, not to be used with the AC adapter. To comply with CE certification, do not operate the meter with the charger plugged in.

T o turn the PT878 on, press the red button in the upper-right-hand corner of the keypad. Immediately upon power up the PT878 emits a short beep and displays a “PCI Loader” message. It then validates the instrument programming, and then displays the GE logo and the software version and emits a long beep. If the meter fails any of these tests, contact the factory.

WARNING! If the meter fails the backup battery test, you must send

the unit back to the factory for a battery replacement. Make sure you keep the batteries charged until you are ready to ship the unit back to the factory. Before shipping, print out all the log and site data, or transfer it to your PC.

12 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 2. Initial Setup

2.3 Powering ON and OFF (cont.)

After the meter conducts all the self checks, the screen then appears similar to the one shown in Figure 4 below.

ABC.SIT

Velocity, ft/s

0.00

Delta-T, ns

E0: No Errors

Figure 4: Screen After Powering ON

0.10

2000/11/30 09:53 AM

Signal, dB

Volume, l/s

0.0

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 13

Chapter 2. Initial Setup

2.3 Powering ON and OFF (cont.)

To turn the PT878 off, press the red key for 3 seconds. The screen now appears similar to Figure 5 below.

Velocity, ft/s

SHUTDOWN: Meter OFF

Signal, dB

SLEEP: Meter Idle CANCEL: Resume Operations

Delta-T, ns

Shutdown

Figure 5: Shutdown Menu

Three options are available:

Sleep

Volume, l/s

Resume

• Press [F1] to shut down the PT878, turning it completely off.

• Press [F2] to send the PT878 into sleep mode. In this mode, some of the

power supplies shut down, but the PT878 remains in a standby mode. Users can resume taking measurements immediately by pressing the power button.

• Press [F3] to cancel the command and return the PT878 to normal

operation.

If the PT878 locks up, you can reset it by holding the power key (the red key in the upper right corner) for 15 seconds.

14 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 2. Initial Setup

2.4 Using the Screen and Keypad

The essential features for operating the PT878 are the screen and keypad. Although these features are common on portable instruments, the PT878 design offers particular features to simplify and speed operation.

2.4.1 Screen

The primary function of the screen is to display information in order for you to accurately and easily take measurements. The PT878 screen consists of seven parts (see Figure 6 below).

Current Site

Measurements

Error Messages

Figure 6: PT878 Screen in Operate Mode

(alternates with Menu Bar)

DEFAULT

Velocity, ft/s

0.00

Delta-T, ns

0.10

E0: No Errors

Status Bar

2000/11/30 09:53 AM

System Tray

Battery

Status

Signal, dB

Volume, l/s

0.0

Function Keys

The top line of the screen is the status bar, which normally displays the time and date. However, when you press Bar replaces the status line.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 15

[MENU] (the menu key), the Menu

Chapter 2. Initial Setup

2.4.1 Screen (cont).

The middle of the screen shown in Figure 6 on page 15 is the work area, which displays the measured parameters, numeric measurements, and both bar and line graphs. (When you enter a selection on the Menu Bar discussed in Chapter 3, Programming Site Data, this area displays menu prompts.) A line at the bottom of the area also displays error code messages, which are described in more detail in Chapter 9, Diagnostics and Troubleshooting.

The system tray displays icons that indicate meter operations not otherwise shown. Table 3 below lists the icons and their meanings.

Table 3: Icons in the System Tray

Icon Function Meaning

IR Transfer IR data transfer in progress.

Alert Indicates the meter encountered an

error in operation.

Log Indicates a log is pending (no marks)

or running (marks).

Heating/

cooling

Stopwatch Calibration Gate Operation: Watch is

Snapshot

(To file)

(To Printer)

Indicates heating or cooling energy mode.

stopped when the gate is closed, or runs when it is open.

Indicates that the Snapshot function has been activated, so users can take screen captures (see page 130).

The bottom of the screen displays the three function key options: F1, F2 and F3. These keys have different functions, depending on the task you are performing.

16 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 2. Initial Setup

2.4.2 Keypad

The PT878 keypad has 25 keys. The functions for each key are as follows (see Figure 7 on page 18):

• 3 function keys ([F1], [F2], [F3]) — enable you to select the special

functions which appear at the bottom of the screen.

• 12 numeric keys (including – and .) — enable you to enter numeric data.

• 4 arrow keys ([W], [X], [S], [T]) — enable you to move through the

menu options.

• [?] Help key— enables you to access on-line help (discussed on

page 19).

• [MENU] Menu key — enables you to access the Main Menu.

• [ENTER] — enables you to enter a particular menu, and enters selected

values into the PT878 memory.

• [SEL] — enables you to move between data measurements on the screen.

• [ESC] — enables you to exit menus or me nu options at any time; cancels

a numeric entry.

• Red key [ ] — turns the power on or off, and toggles the backlight on

or off.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 17

Chapter 2. Initial Setup

2.4.2 Keypad (cont.)

PT878

ESC

SEL

ENTER

1 4

5 8

•

3 6 9

–

Figure 7: PT878 Keypad

18 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 2. Initial Setup

2.5 Obtaining On-Line Help

The PT878 offers context-sensitive on-line help screens that describe various features. You can access on-line help at any time by pressing the [?] key. The screen appears similar to Figure 8 below.

Help

Velocity, ft/s

Use the arrows and the enter key to

select from the links below. Press [F2]

to return to the TOC.

Site Menu Program Menu Meter Menu Log Menu Service Menu Miscellaneous

About

Back TOC

Table of Contents

Signal, dB

Figure 8: Main Help Menu

Use the three function keys and the [

S] and [T] arrow keys to navigate to

the desired menu, and press [ENTER]. Repeat this procedure to access the desired topic within the menu. When you have finished using the Help menu:

• Press [F1], Back, to move back one level.

• Press [F2], TOC, to return to the Table of Contents.

• Press [F3], Close, to return to the previous screen.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 19

Chapter 2. Initial Setup

[no content intended for this page - proceed to next page]

20 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

On the PT878, a Program Menu (part of the Main Menu) enables you to enter information that is specific to each site:

• Transducer types and paths

• Pipe materials and linings

• Fluid types

• Heating or cooling energy flow rate

• Analog input and output parameters

• Digital output parameters

• User functions

• Correction factors

For immediate operation, the PT878 requires only transducer, pipe and fluid data. However, additional information allows you to tailor measurements as specifically as possible to your particular application. Once you have entered this data, you can save it in files and recall these files for later use. The PT878 can store up to 1 MB (or 32 site files) of data in the meter at any one time. But through the infrared link, users can store an unlimited number of sites in a PC, and then upload the sites they will actually use.

This chapter covers entering:

• Transducer, pipe, and fluid parameters

• Input/output and other setup parameters

• User functions.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 21

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.1 Entering the Program Menu

To enter the Program Menu, press the [MENU] key at the lower right of the PT878 keypad. The Menu Bar replaces the Status Bar at the top of the screen. Press the [ Program Menu. At the Program Menu, press similar to Figure 9 below. While following the programming instructions, see Figure 139 on page 222 of Appendix A, Me nu Ma ps .

X] arrow key once to scroll from the Site Menu to the

[ENTER]. The screen appears

Site Program Meter Logging Service

Transducer

Vel

ocity, ft/s

Pipe Lining

Fluid

0.00

Path Energy

Delta

-T, ns

Analog Input Analog Output Digital Output User Functions

0.10

Correction Factors

Signal, dB

Volume, l/s

0.0

E0: No Errors

Figure 9: Program Menu

To scroll to a particular option, press the [

T]or [S] arrow keys until you

reach the option. Then press [ENTER] to open the option window. When entering parameters in an option, press:

• The [T] key to step through the available parameters

• The [S] key to scroll back to a previously entered parameter

• The [F2] key (Cancel) or the [ESC] key to exit an option at any time and

return to Operate Mode without changing the parameters.

Note: If you enter an incorrect numeric value, press the [W] key to erase

the last digit entered.

22 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.2 Entering Transducer Parameters

To enter the Transducer option, scroll to the Transducer entry on the Program Menu and press below. To step through each parameter, press the [ Figure 143 on page 227 of Appendix A.

Note: Refer to the Liquid Transducer Installation Guide (916-055) for

additional information about transducers and configurations.

[ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 10

T] key. Refer to

Transducer/Pipe

Transducer

Type: Wetted

Frequency

Pipe

Transducer

2.00

Wedge Ang Wedge Tmp

Wedge SS

Cancel

Lining Path

Fluid

Clamp-on

Special

MHz

50 25

1219.2

°C

m/s

µs

Figure 10: Transducer Option Window

1. Th e first prompt asks you to select whether you are using a wetted or a

clamp-on transducer.

a. Use the [W] and [X] keys to scroll between the two types. b. Press [ENTER] to confirm the choice.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 23

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.2 Entering Transducer Parameters (cont.)

Note: The choices made early in the Transducer and Pipe options

determine the prompts available later. If the PT878 does not scroll to a particular parameter, it is not necessary for that transducer or pipe type. For example, the Lining window is not available if you select a wetted transducer.

2. The next prompt asks you to enter the transducer number (printed on

the transducer itself), or to specify that you are using a special application transducer.

a. From the Type prompt, press the [T] key to reach the Transducer

prompt, and press

b. A drop-down list of transducer numbers opens as in Figure 11 on

page 25. (The list varies, depending on whether you have selected wetted or clamp-on in the previous prompt. See Table 4 on page 25.) Press the [

T] or [S] keys to scroll to the appropriate number, or

scroll to “Special” for a special application transducer. To speed scrolling, you can press the [

W] key to scroll up by a page.

[

[ENTER].

X] key to scroll down by a page, or the

c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection.

The program now varies, depending on whether you have selected standard or special transducers.

• If you have selected a standard wetted or clamp-on transducer, the

PT878 comes programmed with the needed parameters. Proceed to Confirming Entries on page 30.

• However, if you have selected a special application transducer, go to

page 26.

24 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

Transducer

Transducer/Pipe

Pipe

SPECIAL

#40

Lining Path

Fluid

#41

Type: Wetted

Transducer

Frequency

2.00

#42 #43

Special

#44

MHz

#45

Clamp-on

µs

#46

Wedge Ang Wedge Tmp Wedge SS

#48 #49

Cancel

#47

50 25

1219.2

°C

m/s

Figure 11: Transducer Numbers Drop-Down List

Table 4: Transducer Numbers Available

WETTED CLAMP-ON

SPECIAL 64 SPECIAL 23 (Shear) 113 (Shear) 307 (Shear) 40 52 65 1 (Rayleigh) 24 (Shear) 114 (Shear) 308 (Shear) 41 53 66 2 (Rayleigh) 25 (Shear) 115 (Shear) 309 (Shear) 42 54 67 3 (Rayleigh) 26 (Shear) 116 (Shear) 310 (Shear) 43 55 68 10 (Shear) 27 (Shear) 117 (Shear) 311 (Shear) 44 56 69 10 (Shear) 28 (Shear) 125 (Shear) 312 (Shear) 45 57 70 11 (Shear) 29 (Shear) 126 (Shear) 313 (Shear) 46 58 71 12 (Shear) 30 (Shear) 127 (Shear) 314 (Shear) 47 59 72 13 (Shear) 31 (Shear) 133 (Shear) 315 (Shear) 48 60 73 14 (Shear) 32 (Shear) 136 (Shear) 401 (Shear) 49 61 74 15 (Shear) 33 (Shear) 137 (Shear) 402 (Shear) 50 62 75 16 (Shear) 34 (Shear) 139 (Shear) 403 (Shear) 51 63 76 17 (Shear) 35 (Shear) 301 (Shear) 407 (Shear)

18 (Shear) 36 (Shear) 302 (Shear) 408 (Shear) 19 (Shear) 37 (Shear) 303 (Shear) 409 (Shear) 20 (Shear) 38 (Shear) 304 (Shear) 410 (Shear) 21 (Shear) 39 (Shear) 305 (Shear) 22 (Shear) 112 (Shear) 306 (Shear)

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 25

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.2.1 Parameters for Special Transducers

Note: The factory will supply the information required below with the

transducers.

3. The prompt asks for the transducer frequency, to transmit a signal at a

frequency to which the transducer can respond.

a. From the Transducer prompt, press the [T] key to reach the

Frequency prompt, and press

b. A drop-down list of five frequencies opens, ranging from 0.50 to

4.00 MHz. Scroll to the desired frequency, and press

4. The next prompt asks for Tw, the time delay. This parameter is actually

the time the transducer signal spends travelling through the transducer and cable. The PT878 calculates the flow rate from the upstream and downstream transit times in the fluid, so the Tw (time delay) must be subtracted out for an accurate measurement. The factory supplies the time delay on a sheet of paper inside the transducer case.

a. From the Frequency prompt, press the [X] key to reach the Tw

prompt, and press

[ENTER].

b. Use the numeric keys to enter the GE-supplied time delay and press

[ENTER].

The program now varies, depending on whether you have selected a wetted or a clamp-on transducer.

• If you have selected a special wetted transducer, proceed to

Confirming Entries on page 30.

• Special clamp-on transducers require three more inputs: wedge

angle, wedge temperature, and wedge soundspeed.

5. When calculating the flow rate, the PT878 must take into account the

wedge angle, the angle of the ultrasonic transmission.

a. From the Tw prompt, press the [T] key to reach the Wedge Angle

prompt, and press

b. Use the numeric keys to enter the factory-supplied wedge angle (in

degrees) and press

26 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

[ENTER].

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.2.1 Parameters for Special Transducers (cont.)

Note: If the error message in Figure 12 below, or one similar to Figure 13

on page 28 appears, the Pipe Soundspeed, Wedge Soundspeed, and/or the Wedge Angle may be in error. Review the pipe and wedge parameters currently entered and change one or more as necessary.

Note: To change pipe information, see Entering Pipe Parameters on

page 30.

Transducer/Pipe

* * * WARNING * * *

Critical Angle Exceeded! Check Angles, Soundspeed!!!!!!!!

Cancel

Figure 12: High Angle Error Message Window

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 27

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.2.1 Parameters for Special Transducers (cont.)

Transducer/Pipe

Invalid Value - Too Low

15 is Too Low. The valid range is from:

25.000 to 90.000 °

Cancel

Figure 13: Low Angle Error Message Window

Note: When the corrected information is entered, a message similar to

Figure 14 appears. Press [F3] (OK).

28 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.2.1 Parameters for Special Transducers (cont.)

Transducer/Pipe

* * * WARNING * * *

Transducer Spacing has changed! New Spacing:

0.964 inches ( 24.493 mm)

Cancel

Figure 14: Transducer Spacing Change Window

6. The PT878 must also take into account the wedge temperature. a. From the Wedge Angle prompt, press the [T] key to reach the

Wedge Temperature prompt, and press

b. Use the numeric keys to enter the wedge temperature (in degrees F

or C) and press

7. Finally, the PT878 requires the wedge soundspeed. a. From the Wedge Temp prompt, press the [T] key to reach the

Wedge SS prompt, and press

b. Use the numeric keys to enter the factory-supplied wedge

[ENTER].

soundspeed (in ft/sec or m/sec) and press

[ENTER].

Pressing the [T] key returns the meter to the Transducer tab at the top.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 29

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.2.2 Confirming Entries

• To confirm the entries and return to Operate mode, press [F3] (OK).

• To leave the window without confirming the entries, press [F2] (Cancel)

or the

[ESC] key.

In either case, the PT878 returns to Operate Mode.

3.3 Entering Pipe Parameters

To enter the Pipe option, scroll to the Pipe entry on the Program Menu and

[ENTER]. (From the Transducer window , you can scroll back up to the

press Transducer tab and press the [ press

[ENTER].) The screen appears similar to Figure 15 below. To step

through each parameter, press the [ of Appendix A, Menu Maps.

Note: Refer to the brochure Soundspeeds and Pi pe Size Data (9 14 -004 ) for

additional information about pipe sizes and soundspeeds.

X] arrow key to reach the Pipe window, and

T] key . Refer to Figure 139 on page 222

Transducer/Pipe

Transducer

Sound Speed

Pipe Fluid

Material

Lining

Other

600.3

Path

m/s

Measure Wall with TGauge

OD, mm

Nominal

OD x PI, mm

15.708

Schedule

Wall, mm

ANSI

Cancel

Figure 15: Pipe Option Window

30 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.3 Entering Pipe Parameters (cont.)

1. The first prompt asks you to select the pipe material. a. Press [ENTER] to enter the material prompt. b. A drop-down list of materials opens. Table 5 below lists the

available preprogrammed materials on the list. Press the [ keys to scroll to the appropriate material, or scroll to “Other” for a material not on the list. You can press the [ a page, or the [

W] key to scroll up by a page.

Table 5: Preprogrammed Pipe Materials

Pipe Material

Category Specific Material

Al - Aluminum Rolled

Brass None

Cu - Copper Annealed or Rolled

CuNi - Copper/Nickel 70% Cu 30% Ni or 90% Cu 10% Ni

Glass Pyrex, Flint, or Crown

Gold Hard-drawn

Inconel None

Iron Armco, Ductile, Cast, Electrolytic Monel None Nickel None

Plastic

Nylon, Polyethylene, Polypropylene, PVC (CPVC), or Acrylic

Steel Carbon Steel or Stainless Steel

Tin Rolled

Titanium None

Tungsten Annealed, Carbide, Drawn

Zinc Rolled

Other* Any material

X] key to scroll down by

T] or [S]

c. Press [ENTER] to confirm the choice.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 31

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.3 Entering Pipe Parameters (cont.)

d. If you have selected “Other,” the meter prompts you to enter the

soundspeed. Use the numeric keys to type the desired soundspeed in the text box, and press

Note: If the “Other” Pipe soundspeed entered is too large, given the

previously entered Wedge soundspeed and angles, an error message similar to Figure 16 below will appear. Press [F3] (OK) (the error message disappears), and enter another soundspeed within the range specified.

100000 is Too High

The valid range is from:

3330.052 to 24000.000 ft/s

[ENTER] to confirm the choice.

Transducer/Pipe

Invalid Value - Too High

Cancel

Figure 16: Soundspeed Error Message Window

Note: When the corrected soundspeed is entered, a message similar to

Figure 17 on page 33 appears. Press [F3] (OK).to return to the Site Menu.

32 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

3.3 Entering Pipe Parameters (cont.)

Transducer/Pipe

* * * WARNING * * *

Transducer Spacing has changed! New Spacing:

0.964 inches ( 24.493 mm)

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

Cancel

Figure 17: Transducer Spacing Change Window

2. The next prompt asks if you wish to measure the pipe wall with the

internal thickness gauge. If you press

[ENTER], the program moves to

the T-Gauge Display option (as covered on page 159). When you have completed setting up and using the thickness gauge (as discussed in Chapter 8), press

3. For pipe diameter, two alternatives are available. At the Diameter

[F2] or [F3] to return to the Pipe tab.

prompt, the meter asks for the pipe outside diameter and thickness. But if you have selected certain pipe materials (carbon or stainless steel, cast iron, PVC and CPVC), you have the option of entering the pipe dimensions by a standardized schedule. Once you enter the nominal pipe size and identification, the PT878 determines the OD and wall thickness from an internal table.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 33

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.3 Entering Pipe Parameters (cont.)

If you select a material that uses the Diameter alternative:

a. You must select from two choices, outside diameter or

circumference.

• The prompt moves to the OD (outside diameter) text box. Type the

thickness (in mm or in.) into the text box, and press confirm the choice, or

[ENTER] to

• Move the prompt to the OD X PI (circumference) text box. Type

the OD (in mm or in.) into the box, and press your choice.

b. In either case, the next prompt asks for the wall thickness. Type the

value (in mm or in.) into the box, and press choice.

Note: The measurement units shown depend on the choices you have made

in the English/Metric window or the Meter Settings menu.

[ENTER] to confirm

[ENTER] to confirm your

If you select a material that has the Schedule option:

a. The prompt as ks if you wish to apply ANSI (the ANSI schedule).

[ENTER] to select (or deselect) the ANSI box. (If you do not

Press select the ANSI option, the prompt moves to the OD text box, and you enter the parameters for the Diameter alternative as discussed above.)

b. Press the [W] key twice to move the prompt to the Nominal pipe

size drop-down menu. Press the desired pipe size, and press

c. Press the [X] key to move the prompt to the Schedule drop-down

menu. Press schedule, and press

[ENTER] to open the menu. Scroll to the desired

[ENTER] to confirm the choice.

After entering either diameter or schedule settings, pressing the [

[ENTER] to open the menu. Scroll to

[ENTER] to confirm your choice.

S] key

returns the meter to the Pipe Material prompt.

34 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.3 Entering Pipe Parameters (cont.)

• To confirm the entries and return to Operate Mode, press [F3] (OK).

• To leave the window without confirming the entries, press [F2] (Cancel)

or the

[ESC] key.

In either case, the PT878 returns to Operate Mode.

• To return to the Pipe tab and scroll to other windows, press the [S] key.

3.4 Entering Pipe Lining Parameters

To enter the Lining option, scroll to the Lining entry on the Program Menu and press Pipe tab and press the [X] arrow key to reach the Lining window , and p ress

[ENTER].) The screen appears similar to Figure 18 below. To step through

each parameter, press the [T] key. While programming, refer to Figure 144 on page 228 of Appendix A, Menu Maps.

Note: The Lining option is only available for clamp-on transducers.

[ENTER]. (From the Pipe window, you can scroll back up to the

Transducer/Pipe

Transducer Pipe

Material

Sound Speed

Thickness

Lining

Tar/Epoxy

2000

Cancel

Fluid

m/s mm

Path

Figure 18: Pipe Lining Window

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 35

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.4 Entering Pipe Lining Parameters (cont.)

1. The PT878 first prompts you to select the pipe lining material.

a. Press [ENTER] to open the drop-down list of lining materials. b. Scroll to the appropriate material. If you do not see your lining

material on the list, select “Other.”

c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your choice.

Note: If your pipe lining is not on the drop-down list, consult the factory for

further information.

2. The menu now follows one of two paths:

• If you have selected a preprogrammed material, the PT878

automatically supplies the correct soundspeed, and you can proceed to step 3.

• If you have selected “Other,” the meter prompts you to enter the

soundspeed. Use the numeric keys to type the desired soundspeed in the text box, and press

[ENTER] to confirm the choice.

3. The meter now asks for the lining thickness. Use the numeric keys to

enter the desired value in the text box, and press

[ENTER] to confirm

your entry.

Pressing the [

T] key returns the meter to the Lining tab.

• To confirm the entries and return to Operate Mode, press [F3] (OK). The

PT878 returns to Operate Mode.

• To leave the window without confirming the entries, press [F2] (Cancel)

[ESC] key. The PT878 returns to Operate Mode.

or the

• To scroll to other windows, press the [W] or [X] key. Your changes will

remain until you select OK or Cancel from one of the tabbed windows in the Transducer/Pipe form.

36 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.5 Entering Fluid Types and Speeds

To access the Fluid option, scroll to the Fluid entry on the Program Menu and press the [X] arrow key to reach the Fluid window, and press screen appears similar to Figure 19 below. To step through each parameter, press the [T] key. Refer to Figure 145 on page 229 of Appendix A, Menu Maps.

[ENTER]. (If you are already in the Transducer/Pipe form, press

[ENTER].)The

Transducer/Pipe

Fluid

Transducer

Tracking Windows?

Fluid

Sound Speed

Speed Min

Speed Max

Temp °F

Pipe

Water (2C)

Cancel

Lining

1496

1350

1650

Glycol

Fluid

m/s m/s m/s

Path

Yes

Figure 19: Fluid Type Window

1. The first prompt asks you to select whether or not you want Tracking

Windows. These windows are used to detect the receive signal when you are unsure of the fluid soundspeed. (Default operation is “No.”)

a. Use the [W] and [X] keys to scroll to the appropriate radio button. b. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 37

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.5 Entering Fluid Types and Speeds (cont.)

2. Next, you must select the fluid type.

a. Press [ENTER] to open the drop-down menu. Table 6 below lists the

available choices, which vary with your selection of Tracking Windows or the Energy option.

Table 6: Fluid Type Selection

Tracking Windows Off Tracking Windows On

Other Water (0-260°C) Water (0-260°C) Oil Sea Water Other Oil (22°C)

Energy Off

Crude Oil Lube Oil (X200) Methanol Ethanol LN2 (-199°C) Freon (R-12) Water/0-260°C Water/0-260°C Water/Glycol (with glycol

Energy On

percentage) Other (with single

soundspeed)

b. Scroll to the appropriate fluid. If you do not see your fluid on the

Water/Glycol (with glycol percentage)

Other (with minimum and maximum soundspeeds)

list, select “Other.”

Note: Depending on your selection, additional prompts may appear, as

specified in Table 6 above.

c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection.

At the end of any sequence, pressing the [T] key returns you to the Tracking Windows prompt.

38 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

• To confirm the entries and return to Operate Mode, press [F3] (OK).The

PT878 returns to Operate Mode.

• To leave the window without confirming the entries, press [F2] (Cancel)

or the

[ESC] key. The PT878 returns to Operate Mode.

• To scroll to other windows, press the [W] or [X] key.

3.6 Entering the Signal Path Parameters

To enter the Path option, scroll to the Path entry on the Program Menu and

[ENTER]. (From the Lining window, you can scroll back up to the

press Lining tab and press the [X] arrow key to reach the Path window, and press

[ENTER].) The screen appears similar to Figure 20 below. To step through

each parameter, press the [T] key. Refer to Figure 146 on page 230 of Appendix A, Menu Maps.

Transducer/Pipe

Transducer

Path Length

Axial Length

Pipe Lining

Traverses

Spacing

Cancel

248.92

203.2 1

Fluid

mm mm

Path

Figure 20: Signal Path Window

The prompts available for the Path option depend on whether you have selected clamp-on or wetted transducers in the Transducer menu. (If the PT878 does not scroll to a particular parameter, it is not necessary for that transducer type.)

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 39

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.6.1 Path Parameters for Clamp-On Transducers

Note: For wetted transducers, go to page 41.

If you are using clamp-on transducers, the PT878 path menu includes two parameters:

• Traverses

• Spacing

1. The PT878 first prompts for traverses, the number of times the

ultrasonic signal crosses the pipe (see the Liquid Transducer Installation Guide (916-055) for more details).

a. Press [ENTER] to open the drop-down list of traverse numbers. b. Scroll to the appropriate number. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm the entry.

2. The next prompt displays the spacing of the transducers, as calculated

from the information entered.

a. Record this number and use it to space the transducers. (Use the

Liquid Transducer Installation Guide (916-055) to assist in installing transducers on the pipe.) Press the [T] key to scroll to the next parameter.

b. If necessary, you can overwrite the spacing to match the actual

physical spacing of the transducers. (Do not change the spacing by more than ±10% from that calculated by the meter.) Use the numeric keys to enter the desired value, and press

[ENTER] to confirm the

entry. If you have entered an invalid entry, the PT878 rejects the entry and displays an error message.

Note: It is not recommended that you use a spacing other than the one

calculated by the PT878.

After you enter the spacing, pressing the [

S] key returns the prompt to the

Traverses box, and then to the Path tab at the top of the screen.

40 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.6.2 Path Parameters for Wetted Transducers

If you are using wetted transducers, the PT878 path menu includes the following set of parameters:

• Path Length

• Axial Length

1. The meter first prompts for the path length (P) of the ultrasonic signal.

GE has calculated the path length based on the transducer configuration for your particular application. Find the path length on the flowcell or on other supplied documentation.

a. Press [ENTER] to enter the text box. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the appropriate number. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm the entry.

Note: If the documentation does not supply the path or axial lengths, refer

to Appendix B, Measuring P and L Dimensions, to measure these lengths.

2. The next prompt asks for the axial dimension (L) of the ultrasonic

signal. Again, GE has calculated the axial dimension based on the transducer configuration for your particular application. Find the axial dimension on the flowcell or from other supplied documentation.

a. Press [ENTER] to enter the text box. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the appropriate number. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm the entry.

After you enter the axial length, press the [

S] key to return to the main Path

tab at the top of the screen.

• To confirm the entries and return to Operate Mode, press [F3] (OK). The

PT878 returns to Operate Mode.

• To leave the window without confirming the entries, press [F2] (Cancel)

[ESC] key. The PT878 returns to Operate Mode.

or the

• To scroll to other windows, press the [W] or [X] key.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 41

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.7 Entering the Energy Option Parameters

The Energy Option enables you to calculate the energy of a system based on the temperature at a supply point, the temperature at a return point, and the flow of fluid through the system. To enter the Energy Option, scroll to the Energy entry on the Program Menu and pr ess similar to Figure 21 below. To step through each parameter, press the [T] key. While programming, refer to Figure 147 on page 231 of Appendix A,

Menu Maps.

Energy Options

[ENTER]. The screen appears

Energy Option

Energy

Disabled

Inputs

Custom Cp

Enabled

System

Heating

Cooling

Flow Measurement at

Supply

Calculation Method

Standard

Cancel

Return

Custom Cp

Figure 21: Energy Option Window

1. The first prompt asks if you want to disable or enable the Energy

Option.

a. Use the [W] and [X] keys to scroll to the appropriate radio button. b. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection.

Note: If you select “Disabled,” you cannot select any other prompt in this

window.

42 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.7 Entering the Energy Option Parameters (cont.)

2. Th e next pro mpt asks if you are using a heat ing or coolin g system. a. Use the [W] and [X] keys to scroll to the appropriate radio button. b. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection.

3. The program now asks if you are measuring flow at the point of supply

or return.

a. Use the [W] and [X] keys to scroll to the appropriate radio button. b. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection.

4. The final prompt asks if you wish to use the standard or Custom Cp

method for energy calculations. If you choose Custom Cp, you must enter tables for fluid enthalpy and density in the Custom Cp tab (see page 46).

a. Use the [W] and [X] keys to scroll to the appropriate radio button. b. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection.

Pressing the [

S] key returns the meter to the Energy prompt, and then to

the Energy Option tab.

• To confirm the entries and return to Operate mode, press [F3] (OK). The

PT878 returns to Operate Mode.

• To leave the window without confirming the entries, press [F2] (Cancel)

[ESC] key. The PT878 returns to Operate Mode.

or the

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 43

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.7.1 Entering Inputs in the Energy Option

T o enter input parameters in the Ener gy Option, return to the Ener gy Option tab at the top of the Energy Option window. Press the [X] arrow key to reach the Inputs window , and press Figure 22 below. To step through each parameter, press the [T] key.

IMPORTANT: The supply and return must be on separate inputs.

[ENTER]. The screen appears similar to

Energy Options

Energy Option Inputs

Custom Cp

Supply

Fixed

Temp

°C

Active

Input #

T Return

Active

Input #

Temp

Fixed

°C

Cancel

Figure 22: Inputs Tab in the Energy Option

1. The first prompt asks if the temperature supply is fixed or active. a. Use the [W] and [X] keys to scroll to the appropriate radio button. b. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection.

44 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.7.1 Entering Inputs in the Energy Option (cont.)

2. The next prompt depends on whether you have selected a fixed or an

active supply.

• If you have selected a fixed supply, the PT878 asks for the desired

temperature. Use the numeric keys to enter the desired temperature (in degrees C), and press

[ENTER] to confirm the entry.

• If you have selected an active supply, the PT878 asks for the desired

input.

a. Press [ENTER] to ope n the drop-down menu. b. Scroll to Input A or B. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm the entry.

3. Th e next pro mpt asks if the temperature return is fixed or active. a. Use the [W] and [X] keys to scroll to the appropriate radio button. b. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection.

4. The next prompt depends on whether you have selected a fixed or an

active return.

• If you have selected a fixed return, the PT878 asks for the desired

temperature. Use the numeric keys to enter the desired temperature (in degrees C), and press

[ENTER] to confirm the entry.

• If you have selected an active return, the PT878 asks for the desired

input.

a. Press [ENTER] to ope n the drop-down menu. b. Scroll to Input A or B. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm the entry.

Note: If either input is fixed, the analog input(s) not used by the Energy

Option can act as general-purpose inputs.

Pressing the [T] key returns the meter to the Inputs tab.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 45

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.7.1 Entering Inputs in the Energy Option (cont.)

• To confirm the entries and return to Operate mode, press [F3] (OK). The

PT878 returns to Operate Mode.

• To leave the window without confirming the entries, press [F2] (Cancel)

or the

[ESC] key. The PT878 returns to Operate Mode.

To enter data for Custom Cp calculations, proceed to the Custom Cp tab, discussed on page 46.

3.7.2 Entering Custom Cp Data in the Energy Option

T o program Custom Cp tables in the Ener gy Option, return t o the tabs at the top of the Energy Option window. Press the [X] arrow key until you have highlighted the Custom Cp tab, and press similar to Figure 23 below. To step through each parameter, press the [T] key.

Energy Options

[ENTER]. The screen appears

Energy Option Inputs

Custom Cp

Density Source

Fixed

Edit Table

Custom Cp

Table

Static Density

Density Table

Cancel

Edit Table

Figure 23: Custom Cp Tab in the Energy Option

46 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.7.2 Entering Custom Cp Data in the Energy Option (cont.)

1. Th e first prompt asks if you wish to enter or edit data in the Custom Cp

(enthalpy) table.

a. Press [ENTER] to open the Custom Cp table, shown in Figure 24 on

page 47.

b. Use the numeric keys to enter the desired temperature in degrees

Kelvin, and press

c. Press the [X] key to move to the kJ/kg/°K column (enthalpy in

KiloJoules/Kilogram/°Kelvin). Use the numeric keys to enter the desired value, and press

[ENTER] to confirm the entry.

[ENTER].

Custom Cp

°Kelvin kJ/kg/°K

2 3

Cancel OK

Figure 24: Custom Cp (temperature vs. enthalpy) Table

d. Repeat steps b and c for the remainder of the table. e. When you have completed entering values, press [F3] (OK) to

confirm the table and return to the Custom Cp window.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 47

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.7.2 Entering Custom Cp Data in the Energy Option (cont.)

2. The next prompt asks from which source — a fixed value or table —

the PT878 will use for fluid density values. Use the [ to scroll to the appropriate radio button, and press

3. The menu now varies, depending on your selection in step 2.

W] and [X] keys

[ENTER].

• If you selected “Fixed,” the PT878 asks for the fixed fluid density.

Use the numeric keys to enter the desired value, and press

[ENTER].

• If you selected “Table,” the meter highlights the “Edit Table” button.

Edit Density

°Kelvin kg/m^3

1 2

3 4

Cancel OK

Figure 25: Fluid Density Table

a. Press [ENTER] to open the Edit Density table, shown in Figure 25

above.

b. Use the numeric keys to enter the desired temperature in degrees

Kelvin, and press

c. Press the [X] key to move to the kg/m^3 column (density in

[ENTER].

Kilogram/cubic meters). Use the numeric keys to enter the desired value, and press

48 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

[ENTER].

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

d. Repeat steps b and c for the remainder of the table. e. When you have completed entering up to 20 values, press [F3] (OK)

to confirm the table and return to the Custom Cp window.

• To confirm the entries and return to Operate mode, press [F3] (OK). The

PT878 returns to Operate Mode.

• To leave the window without confirming the entries, press [F2] (Cancel)

or the

[ESC] key. The PT878 returns to Operate Mode.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 49

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.8 Entering Analog Inputs

The Analog Input option enables you to specify parameters for general purpose or energy inputs. To enter the Inputs option, scroll to the Analog Input entry on the Program Menu and press

[ENTER]. If you have not

enabled the Energy Option (see page 42), the screen appears similar to Figure 26 below. To step through each parameter, press the [T] key. Refer to Figure 148 on page 232 of Appendix A, Menu Maps.

3.8.1 Entering General-Purpose Analog Inputs

Analog Input

Input A Input B

Function

Label Units

Span

General Purpose

Inlet Temp

Zero

100

°C

Cancel OK

Figure 26: Analog Inputs Option Window

1. Th e first prompt asks you t o select whether the desired function is of f or

general purpose.

a. Press [ENTER] to ope n the drop-down menu. b. Scroll to the desired response. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection.

50 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.8.1 Entering General-Purpose Analog Inputs (cont.)

2. Th e next pro mpt asks if you want to labe l the input. a. Press [ENTER] to enter the text box. The text creation window

appears, as shown in Figure 27 below.

A B C D E F G H I J

K L M N O P Q R S T

U V W X Y Z 0 1 2 3

4 5 6 7 8 9 . , “ ‘

= < >

Delete

Cancel OK

Figure 27: Text Creation Window

b. Use the four arrow keys to scroll to the desired letter or symbol, and

press

[ENTER] to add the letter to the name.

Note: Pressing [SEL] causes the screen to show successively a set of

upper-case (capital) letters, a set of lower-case letters, and a set of symbols. Use all three screens to create a desired label.

c. Repeat this procedure for each letter or symbol you wish to add to

the name. If you wish to delete a letter, press

[F1] (Delete) to erase

each letter or symbol, from right to left on the label.

d. When you have completed the label, press [F3] (OK) to confirm the

label, or

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 51

[F2] (Cancel) to leave the window without adding the label.

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.8.1 Entering General-Purpose Analog Inputs (cont.)

3. The next prompt asks you to create a label for the units, if desired. (This

label will appear to the right of the zero and span value boxes.) Press

[ENTER] to reopen the text creation window, and follow the same steps

covered in Step 2 on page 51.

4. The next prompt asks for the zero input value.

a. Press [ENTER] to enter the text box. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the desired value. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm the entry.

5. The final prompt asks for the span input value.

a. Press [ENTER] to enter the text box. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the desired value. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm the entry.

You have completed entering data for general-purpose inputs.

3.8.2 Entering Analog Inputs in the Energy Option

If you have enabled the Energy Option, the screen displays fewer options, as shown in Figure 28 below.

Analog Input

Input A Input B

Function

Label Units

Figure 28: Analog Inputs Option Window - Energy Option Activated

52 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Zero

Span

Supply Temp

°C

°C °C

100

Cancel OK

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.8.2 Entering Analog Inputs in the Energy Option (cont.)

The screen displays the function (supply or return temperature), label (supply or return temperature) and units selected in the Inputs form of the Energy Option (see page 44). You cannot change these parameters in this form. Press the [T] key to step through these parameters.

1. The first prompt asks for the zero input value. a. Press [ENTER] to enter the text box. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the desired value. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm the entry.

2. The final prompt asks for the span input value. a. Press [ENTER] to enter the text box. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the desired value. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm the entry.

You have completed entering parameters in the Analog Inputs option.

• To confirm the entries and return to Operate mode, press [F3] (OK). The

PT878 returns to Operate Mode.

• To leave the window without confirming the entries, press [F2] (Cancel)

[ESC] key. The PT878 returns to Operate Mode.

or the

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 53

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.9 Entering the Analog Output

The Analog Output option enables you to enter information to set up output parameters. To enter the option, scroll to the Analog Output entry on the Program Menu and press below. To step through each parameter, press the [T] key. Refer to Figure 149 on page 233 of Appendix A, Menu Maps.

[ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 29

Analog Output

Function

Data Source

0-20 mA

Velocity

Meters/sec

Zero

Span

On Error

25.5

Hold Last Value

m/s

Cancel OK

Figure 29: Analog Output Window

1. The first prompt enables you to select a range to send a current signal to

a recording device.

a. Press [ENTER] to ope n the drop-down menu. b. Scroll to the desired output from three choices: Off, 0-20 mA, and

4-20 mA.

c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection.

Note: If you select “Off,” you will not be able to access any other

parameters in this option.

54 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.9 Entering the Analog Output (cont.)

2. The next prompt asks you to select the analog output type from a list of

choices, as shown in Figure 30 below.

Select Measurement

Diagnostics

Velocity

Meters/sec Feet/sec

Temperature

Volume

UserFunction Aux Input A Aux Input B

Power Test

No Unit

Cancel OK

Figure 30: Data Source Selection Window

a. Press [ENTER] to open the window. b. Scroll to the desired output type. c. Press [SEL] to confirm your selection. d. The prompt then moves to a list of unit types. (The available units

depend on the selection made at the Data Source prompt.) Scroll to the desired output unit.

e. Press [F3] (OK) to confirm your selection.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 55

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.9 Entering the Analog Output (cont.)

3. The next prompt asks you to enter the zero (base) value for the analog

output. This value represents the 0/4 mA output (in flow units).

a. Press [ENTER] to open the text box. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the desired value. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection.

4. Th e next pro mpt asks you to ente r the span (full scale) value for the

analog output. This value represents the 20 mA output (in flow units).

a. Press [ENTER] to open the text box. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the desired value. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection.

5. The last prompt, On Error , asks you to select how the PT878 will handle

the analog outputs in the event of a fault condition. The meter offers three alternatives:

• Hold Last Value (hold the last good reading)

• Force Low (force the reading to 0 or 4 mA)

• Force High (force the reading to 20 mA).

a. Press [ENTER] to ope n the drop-down menu. b. Scroll to the desired selection. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection.

You have completed entering data in the Analog Output option.

• To confirm the entries and return to Operate mode, press [F3] (OK). The

PT878 returns to Operate Mode.

• To leave the window without confirming the entries, press [F2] (Cancel)

or the

[ESC] key. The PT878 returns to Operate Mode.

56 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.10 Entering the Digital Output

While resembling the Analog Output option, the Digital Output option enables you to set up parameters necessary for a digital output. To enter t he option, scroll to the Digital Output entry on the Program Menu and press

[ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 31 below. To step through

each parameter, press the [T] key. While programming, refer to Figure 150 on page 234 of Appendix A, Menu Maps.

Digital Output

Function

Data Source

Units/Pulse

Pulse Width

Polarity

Figure 31: Digital Output Window

1. The first prompt enables you to select the output function from five

choices:

Pulse Totalizer

Fwd Totalizer Fwd Gallons

gal

μs

Low to High

Cancel OK

• Off

• Pulse Totalizer

• Frequency

• Test Points

• Gate Input

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 57

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.10 Entering the Digital Output (cont.)

a. Press [ENTER] to ope n the drop-down menu. b. Scroll to the desired function. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection.

Note: If you select Off, you will not be able to access any other parameters

in this option. If you select Test Points or Gate Input, the program goes at once to Step 4.

2. Th e next prompt asks you to select the data source for the digital output.

The choices vary with the function. For Pulse Totalizer (shown in Figure 31 on page 57, the available choices include:

• Forward Totalizer

• Reverse Totalizer

• Forward Energy

• Reverse Energy

a. Press [ENTER] to open the data source selection window, shown in

Figure 30 on page 55.

b. Scroll to the desired source. c. Press [SEL] to confirm your selection. d. The prompt then moves to a list of unit types. (The available units

depend on the selection made at the Data Source prompt.) Scroll to the desired output unit.

e. Press [F3] (OK) to confirm your selection.

3. The last set of parameters that appears depends on the selection you

made at the Function prompt.

If you selected Pulse Totalizer:

The prompt asks for the units/pulse, the pulse width (in microseconds), and the polarity. (Figure 31 on page 57 illustrates a Digital Output window configured for the Pulse Totalizer function.) For the Units/Pulse and Pulse Width parameters:

58 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.10 Entering the Digital Output (cont.)

a. Press [ENTER] to open the text box. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the desired value. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection.

For Polarity:

a. Press [ENTER] to ope n the drop-down menu. b. Scroll to the desired polarity, either Low to High or High to Low. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection.

If you selected Frequency:

The prompt asks for the minimum and maximum frequencies and the duty cycle percentage. For each parameter:

a. Press [ENTER] to open the text box. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the desired value. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection.

If you entered Test Points:

The prompt asks for the window (trigger) type from two choices, transmit and receive. These two windows can be used to trigger an oscilloscope to look at the receive signal output on another channel.

a. Press [ENTER] to ope n the drop-down menu. b. Scroll to the desired signal. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 59

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.10 Entering the Digital Output (cont.)

If you entered Gate Input:

Note: Gate Input is used to synchronize the totalizer with the meter

calibration system (discussed on page 67). The gate stops and starts the meter totalizer, so that you can compare the totalizer figure with the measured volume of water in the weight tank.

1. The prompt asks for the gate active.

a. Press [ENTER] to ope n the drop-down menu. b. Scroll to the desired gate active, whether Contact Open or Contact

Closed.

c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection.

2. The second prompt asks for the mode.

a. Press [ENTER] to ope n the drop-down menu. b. Scroll to the desired mode, either Automatic or Manual. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection.

Stopwatch Totalizer

Through the Gate Input option, you can implement the Stopwatch Totalizer function to measure totals manually. To set up the Totalizer function:

1. At the Gate Active prompt, select Contact Open.

2. At the Mode prompt, select Manual, and press [ENTER]. (Selecting

Automatic causes the totalizer to run continuously.)

The stopwatch icon (see page 16) appears in the system tray. To start or stop the function, press the minus (–) key on the keypad.

You have completed entering parameters in the Digital Output option.

• To confirm the entries and return to Operate mode, press [F3] (OK). The

PT878 returns to Operate Mode.

• To leave the window without confirming the entries, press [F2] (Cancel)

[ESC] key. The PT878 returns to Operate Mode.

or the

60 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.11 Entering User Functions

User functions enable you to program mathematical equations on each measurement. You can also use any parameter in the meter to calculate a different parameter. To enter the User Functions option, scroll to the User Functions entry on the Program Menu and press appears similar to Figure 32 below. To step through each parameter, press the [T] key. Refer to Figure 151 on page 235 of Appendix A, Menu Maps.

Set User Function

[ENTER]. The screen

Function

User F1

Label

Units Sym

Dec. 0

Delete Check Done

Figure 32: User Functions Window

1. The first prompt asks you to select the function number, 1 through 8.

a. Press [ENTER] to ope n the drop-down menu. b. Scroll to the desired function number (User F1, User F2, etc.). c. Press [ENTER] to confirm the entry.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 61

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.11 Entering User Functions (cont.)

2. The next prompt asks you to create a label for the function. The label

corresponds to the measurement type (i.e., velocity or temperature), while the units symbol corresponds to the measurement units (i.e., feet/sec or degrees F).

a. Press [ENTER] to open the text creation window, which appears

similar to Figure 33 below.

A B C D E F G H I J

K L M N O P Q R S T

U V W X Y Z 0 1 2 3

4 5 6 7 8 9 . , “ ‘

= < >

Delete

Cancel

Figure 33: Text Creation Window

b. Use the four arrow keys to scroll to the desired letter or symbol, and

press

[ENTER] to add the letter to the label.

Note: Pressing [SEL] causes the screen to alternate between a set of

upper-case (capital) letters, a set of lower-case letters, and a set of symbols. Use all three screens to create a desired label.

c. Repeat this procedure for each letter or symbol you wish to add to

the label. If you wish to delete a letter, press

[F1] (Delete) to erase

each letter or symbol, from right to left on the label.

62 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.11 Entering User Functions (cont.)

d. When you have completed the label, press [F3] (OK) to confirm the

label, or

3. The next prompt asks for the Units Symbol.

a. Press [ENTER] to reopen the text creation window . b. Repeat the procedure used for the Label (on page 62) to create the

Units Symbol.

c. When you have completed the label, press [F3] (OK) to confirm the

symbol, or symbol.

4. The next prompt asks you to select the number of decimal places.

a. Press [ENTER] to ope n the drop-down menu. b. Scroll to the desired number of decimal places, ranging from 0 to 4. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm the entry.

5. The final prompt asks for the function itself.

[F2] (Cancel) to leave the window without adding the label.

[F2] (Cancel) to leave the window without adding the

a. Press [ENTER] to open the function creation window, which appears

similar to Figure 34 on page 64.

b. Use the four arrow keys to scroll to the desired function or table, and

[ENTER] to confirm each entry. Use the numeric keys to enter

press numeric values. Press

[F1] (Delete) to remove any mistaken or

unwanted symbols or numbers.

Note: Pressing [SEL] causes the screen to alternate between a set of

symbols and functions and a list of user functions. Use both screens to create the desired function.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 63

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.11 Entering User Functions (cont.)

log

sqrt

sin cos

tblA

tblB tblC

Delete

abs

exp

MODE

tan

asin

tblD

Cancel

(

inv

acos

tblE

)

atan

tblF

Figure 34: Function Creation Window

c. To enter a particular measured parameter into the equation, click on

the MODE symbol in the middle of the third row. The Data Source Selection window (shown in Figure 30 on page 55) opens. Select the desired data source and unit as discussed on page 55, and press (OK) to confirm the entry.

d. When you have completed entering the function, press [F3] (OK) to

confirm the entry and return to the User Function window.

6. GE recommends pressing [F2] (Check) to test the validity of the

function. The PT878 displays either “OK” or a message such as “Syntax Error.”

[F3]

• Press [F1] to delete the entire function, or

• Press [F3] (Done) to confirm the function and return to Operate

Mode.

64 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.11.1 Entering Correction Factors

The final option in the Program Menu, Correction Factors, allows you to enter and modify three correction factors: Reynolds Correction, Kinematic V iscosity and Calibration Factor. To enter the Correction Factors option, scroll to the Correction Factors entry on the Program Menu and press

[ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 35 below. To step through

each parameter, press the [T] key. Refer to Figure 152 on page 236 of Appendix A, Menu Maps.

Correction Factors

Reynolds Correctio

Re Correction

K/V Factor

Calibration Factor

K/V (v)

Inputs

Single

Off Table

Data Source

Edit Table

Cancel OK

Figure 35: Reynolds Correction Window

3.11.2 Entering Reynolds Correction

The default for Reynolds Correction is “On.” This correction factor should be on in most applications, including all those that utilize clamp-on transducers. It makes a small adjustment to the flow rate reported by the PT878, based on the Kinematic Viscosity . Reynolds Correction is necessary , as the velocity of the fluid measured along a diametrical path must be related to the total area average velocity over the entire pipe cross-section.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 65

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.11.2 Entering Reynolds Correction (cont.)

1. The first prompt asks if you want to enable the Reynold s Correction

factor, a number based on the Kinematic Visc osity and flow rate of the fluid.

Note: If you are using clamp-on transducers, you should enable Reynolds

Correction.

a. Use the [W] and [X] keys to scroll to the appropriate radio button. b. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection.

Note: If you disable Reynolds Correction, you will not be able to enter any

other values in this window.

2. If you enable Reynolds Correction, you will also need to enter the

Kinematic V iscosity of the fluid (available in the brochure Soundspeeds and Pipe Size Data, 914-004). The prompt asks for a kinematic

viscosity value.

a. Press [ENTER] to open the text box. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the desired value (from Soundspeeds

and Pipe Size Data).

c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection.

You have completed entering data for a single Kinematic Viscosity factor. Proceed to Entering a Calibration Factor on page 67.

• To confirm the entries and return to Operate Mode, press [F3] (OK). The

PT878 returns to Operate Mode.

• To leave the window without confirming the entries, press [F2] (Cancel)

[ESC] key.

or the

66 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.11.3 Entering a Calibration Factor

The Calibration Factor is used to calibrate or adjust the readings of the PT878 to another flow reference. T o enter a Calibration Factor , return to the Reynolds Correction tab at the top of the Correction Factors option. Press the [X] arrow key to reach the Calibration Factor window. The window appears similar to Figure 36 below. To step through each parameter, press the [T] key .

Correction Factors

Reynolds Correctio Inputs

Calibration Factor

K Factor

Meter K-Factor

Calibration Factor

On Single

Off Table

Data Source

Edit Table

Cancel OK

Figure 36: The Calibration Factor Window

1. The first prompt asks if you wish to enable the calibration factor. a. Use the [W] and [X] keys to scroll to the appropriate radio button. b. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection.

2. The next prompt asks if you want a single K factor or a table of K

factors.

a. Use the [W] and [X] keys to scroll to the appropriate radio button. b. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 67

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.11.3 Entering a Calibration Factor (cont.)

3. The following steps depend on whether you select a single value or a

table.

If you entered Single:

The prompt asks for a value. This feature enables a single multiplier to be applied to the flow rate reported by the PT878.

a. Press [ENTER] to open the text box. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the desired value. Generally, if you

have enabled the Reynolds Correction factor, the correction factor should be set to 1.00. Otherwise, the typical factor is between 0.5 and 2.00.

c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection.

You have completed entering data for a single Calibration Factor.

• To confirm the entries and return to Operate mode, press [F3] (OK). The

PT878 returns to Operate Mode.

• To leave the window without confirming the entries, press [F2] (Cancel)

or the

[ESC] key. The PT878 returns to Operate Mode.

68 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.11.3 Entering a Calibration Factor (cont.)

If you entered Table:

The menu asks, first for the data source, and then for the entry of values into the Correction Factor table. This feature allows the user to “curve fit” velocity calibration multiple data points (from several different data sources or flow variables) to the flow rate reported by the PT878.

a. Press [ENTER] to open the Data Source window. b. Press [F3] (OK) to confirm your selection. (Velocity is the only

choice available.)

4. The prompt then asks if you wish to edit the K factor table. a. Press [ENTER] to open the table, which appears similar to Figure 37

below.

Edit KFactor Table

Data Source

Inputs

KFactor

2 3

4 5

Cancel OK

Figure 37: KFactor Table

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 69

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.11.3 Entering a Calibration Factor (cont.)

b. Use the numeric keys to enter the desired value for the data source,

and press

c. Press the [X] key to move to the KFactor column. Use the numeric

keys to enter the desired value, and press

[ENTER] to confirm the entry.

[ENTER] to confirm the

entry.

d. Repeat steps b and c for the remainder of the table. e. When you have completed entering values, press [F3] (OK) to

confirm the table and return to the Correction Factors window.

You have completed entering data for correction factors.

• To confirm the entries and return to Operate mode, press [F3] (OK). The

PT878 returns to Operate Mode.

• To leave the window without confirming the entries, press [F2] (Cancel)

[ESC] key. The PT878 returns to Operate Mode.

or the

70 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 4. Creating and Managing Sites

As mentioned in Chapter 1, the PT878 can store site data in files for current and future access. (To learn how to program setup data, refer to Chapter 3, Programming Site Data.) After you answer the necessary questions, simply save the information to a site file. The Site Manager option then enables you to recall, rename, revert to, print, transfer or delete site files as needed.

To open the Site Menu, press the PT878 keypad. The Menu Bar replaces the Status Bar at the top of the screen. Then press below. While following the programming instructions, refer to Figure 137 on page 219 and Figure 138 on page 221 of Appendix A, Menu Maps.

Site Program

Site Manager

Save Now

1 View 2 View 3 View 4 View

Drive Manager FKeys

About

E0: No Errors

[ENTER]. The screen now appears similar to Figure 38

Velocity, ft/s

0.00

Delta-T, ns

0.10

[MENU] key at the lower right of the

Meter Logging Service

Signal, dB

Volume, l/s

0.0

Figure 38: Site Menu

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 71

Chapter 4. Creating and Managing Sites

4.1 The Site Manager

From the Site Menu, press [ENTER] to open the Site Manager. The screen appears similar to Figure 39 below.

Site Manager

File

Site Sort

DEFAULT

Info: DEFAUL T:SIT New Site

**CURRENT SITE**

09/04/00 14:51:10 511 1 bytes 118272 bytes free

Convert

Figure 39: Site Manager Window

Note:

Each PT878 comes prepr ogrammed with a basic site, Default, which

Cancel OK

serves as a basis for saving data and creating other sites.

The right section of the screen supplies information for the site highlighted in the list on the left: its date, time and size, as well as the remaining amount of free memory. You can use the [

T] and [S] arrow keys to scroll to a

particular site and display information pertaining to that site.

To open the Site Manager menu, press

[MENU] and then [ENTER]. The

screen now appears similar to Figure 40 on page 73.

72 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 4. Creating and Managing Sites

4.1 The Site Manager (cont.)

Site Manager

File

Site Sort

New

DEFAULT

Open

Save

Save As

Refresh

Rename Delete

Figure 40: Site Manager Menu

Info: DEFAULT:SIT

New Site

09/04/00 14:51:10

5111 bytes 118272 bytes free

Refresh

Exit

Depending on the choice made above, proceed as follows:

• To create a new site, go to page 74.

• To open an existing site (thus replacing the current site), go to page 76.

• To save a current site, go to page 77.

• To refresh site information, go to page 79.

• To rename a site, go to page 78.

• To delete a site, go to page 80.

You can access five additional functions from the Site submenu (shown in Figure 48 on page 81).

• To add a site message, go to page 81.

• To print out a site, go to page 83.

• To transfer a site to a PC, go to page 83.

• To transfer a site in text format, go to page 84.

• To transfer a site from a PC to the PT878, go to page 85.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 73

Chapter 4. Creating and Managing Sites

4.1 The Site Manager (cont.)

You can arrange files from the Sort submenu (shown in Figure 55 on page 88)

• To sort files by name, go to page 88.

• To sort files by date, go to page 88.

4.1.1 Creating a New Site

Note: Be sure you have entered the necessary setup data discussed in

Chapter 3, Programming Site Data, before cr eating and saving a new site.

T o create a new site within the Site Manager, press Menu. Be sure the option New is highlighted, and then press

[MENU] to open the File

[ENTER]. The

screen appears similar to Figure 41 below.

New Site

Site 01

A B C D E F G H

I J K L M N O P

Q R S T U V W X

Y Z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

- _ @ #

& ( )

Delete Cancel

Figure 41: Name Entry Window for a New Site

Use the four arrow keys to scroll to the desired letter or number, and

[ENTER].

press

74 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 4. Creating and Managing Sites

4.1.1 Creating a New Site (cont.)

2. Repeat this procedure until you have created the desired site name of up

to eight characters. (Press

[F1], Delete, to remove any unwanted letters

or numbers.)

3. When you have finished, press [F3] (OK) to confirm the entry, or [F2],

Cancel, to leave the window without creating a site.

A second screen appears (as shown in Figure 42 below) asking if you want to use the currently highlighted site as a template, with the current display windows, measurements and programmed data. (To modify the display and measurements, refer to Chapter 5, Displaying and Configuring Data. To alter programming data, see Chapter 3, Programming Site Data.)

• Press [F2] (No) if you do not want to use it, or

• Press [F3] (Yes) if you do want to use it as a template.

New Site

A B C D E F G H

I J K L M N O P

Use the selected site ‘DEFAULT.SIT’ as a template?

Q R S T U V W X

Y Z 0 1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9

Figure 42: Template Confirmation Window

Yes

The meter returns to Operate Mode, with the new site name displayed in the upper left corner of the screen.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 75

Chapter 4. Creating and Managing Sites

4.1.2 Opening an Existing Site

If you want to return to a site you have previously saved, first highlight the replacement site in the left window of the Site Manager. Then press to open the File Menu. Scroll to the Open option, and press

[ENTER]. The

screen appears similar to Figure 43 below.

Site Manager

File

Programming

DEFAULT

Res

GLOBAL

Open Confirmation

Open File DEFAULT

Info:DEFAULT

Are You Sure?

1 View

[MENU]

No Yes

Figure 43: Open Site Confirmation Window

• Press [F2] (No) to cancel opening the site and return to the current site,

• Press [F3] (Yes) to open the site.

If you have changed the current site, the PT878 asks if you want to save the changes to the previously opened site.

• Press [F2] (No) to cancel the changes, or

• Press [F3] (Yes) to confirm and save the changes.

The PT878 returns to Operate Mode, with the selected site displayed in the upper left corner of the screen.

76 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 4. Creating and Managing Sites

4.1.3 Saving a Site

You can save the current site in one of two ways:

• From the Site Menu, you can scroll down to the Save Now option and

press

[ENTER], or

• From within the Site Manager, press [MENU] to open the File Menu,

scroll to the Save option, and press

In either case, the screen appears similar to Figure 44 below.

Save Site

Save the current site (DEFAULT.SIT)?

[ENTER].

No Yes

Figure 44: Save Current Site Window

• Press [F2] (No) to cancel saving the site, or

• Press [F3] (Yes) to save the site.

The PT878 remains in the current window (Operate Mode or Site Manager), with the current site saved.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 77

Chapter 4. Creating and Managing Sites

4.1.4 Saving a Site with a Different Name

If you want to save the current site with a different name, open the Site Manager, press and press

[MENU] to open the File Menu, scroll to the Save As option,

[ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 45 below.

Save Current Site

A B C D E F G H

I J K L M N O P

Q R S T U V W X

Y Z 0 1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9

Delete Cancel OK

Figure 45: Save As (Another Name) Window

Use the four arrow keys to scroll to the desired letter or number, and press

[ENTER]. Repeat this procedure until you have created the desired site

name. (Press

[F1], Delete, to remove any unwanted letters or numbers.)

When you have finished,

• Press [F2] (Cancel) to erase the entry, or

• Press [F3] (OK) to confirm the entry.

The Save Site window then appears.

• Press [F2] (No) to cancel saving the site, or

• Press [F3] (Yes) to save the site.

The PT878 remains in Site Manager, with the current site saved under both the old and new names.

78 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 4. Creating and Managing Sites

4.1.5 Refreshing a Site

You can refresh a site (updating the display with the most current information) in one of two ways:

• Press [F2], Refresh, to refresh the highlighted file.

• From the File Menu, scroll to the Refresh option and press [ENTER].

The updated information on the highlighted file appears in the window on the right. However, to save the file, you must use the Save option.

4.1.6 Renaming a Site

If you want to rename a site, first be sure the site has been highlighted in the left window of the Site Manager. Then press scroll to the Rename option, and press to Figure 46 below.

Rename Site

DEFAULT

A B C D E F G H

I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X

Y Z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

[MENU] to enter the File Menu,

[ENTER]. The screen appears similar

Delete Cancel

Figure 46: Rename Site Window

Use the four arrow keys to scroll to the desired letter or number, and press

[ENTER]. Repeat this procedure until you have created the desired site

name. (Press

[F1], Delete, to remove any unwanted letters or numbers.)

When you have finished,

• Press [F2] (Cancel) to erase the entry, or

• Press [F3] (OK) to confirm the entry.

PT878 remains in Site Manager, with the site listed under the new name.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 79

Chapter 4. Creating and Managing Sites

4.1.7 Deleting a Site

To delete a site in the Site Manager, first be sure you have highlighted that site in the left window of the Site Manager. Then press File Menu, scroll to the Delete option, and press appears similar to Figure 47 below.

Site Manager

[MENU] to open the

[ENTER]. The screen

File

Programming

DEFAULT

Res

GLOBAL

Delete Confirmation

Delete The Site ‘A.SIT’

Info:DEFAULT

Are You Sure?

1 View

Figure 47: Delete Confirmation Window

Yes

• Press [F2], No, to cancel the deletion and return to the Site Manager, or

• Press [F3], Yes, to delete the site.

The Site Manager appears, with the highlighted site now deleted.

80 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 4. Creating and Managing Sites

4.1.8 Creating a Site Message

The Site Message option allows you to add an explanatory message (with up to 30 characters or spaces) for any given site. To create a site message:

1. Press [MENU] to enter the File Menu. Then press the [X] arrow key

once to scroll from the File Menu to the Site Menu. Press screen appears similar to Figure 48 below.

Site Manager

File

Site

DEFAULT

Sort

Message

Info: DEFA ULT:SIT

New Site

Transfer Transfer as Text

09/04/00 14:51:10 5111 bytes 118272 bytes free

[ENTER]. The

Refresh Exit

Figure 48: Site Menu in the Site Manager

Press [ENTER] to select “Message,” which opens the text creation window, shown in Figure 49 on page 82.

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 81

Chapter 4. Creating and Managing Sites

4.1.8 Creating a Site Message (cont.)

A B C D E F G H I J

K L M N O P Q R S T

U V W X Y Z 0 1 2 3

4 5 6 7 8 9 . / , “

‘

Use the four arrow keys to scroll to the desired letter or symbol, and press

Note: Pressing [SEL] causes the screen to alternate between a set of

= < >

Delete

Figure 49: Text Creation Window

[ENTER] to add the letter to the message.

Cancel

upper-case (capital) letters, a set of lower-case letters, and a set of symbols. Use all three screens to create a desired message.

4. Repeat this procedure for each letter or symbol you wish to add to the

message. If you wish to delete a letter, press

[F1] (Delete) to erase each

letter or symbol, from right to left on the label.

When you have completed the message, press message, or

[F2] (Cancel) to leave the window without adding the message.

[F3] (OK) to confirm the

82 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

Chapter 4. Creating and Managing Sites

4.1.9 Printing a Current Site

T o print the current site from within the Sit e Manager , press [MENU] to open the File Menu. Then press the [X] arrow key once to scroll from the File Menu to the Site Menu. Scroll to the Print option, and press

[ENTER]. The

PT878 shows a message indicating that its infrared sensor is looking for a receiving printer. (If the sensor spots no printer, a window appears indicating that it cannot find a device. If it spots more than one compatible infrared device within its range, it asks you to select the desired device.) If successful, the Site Manager window appears.

• Press [F2] (No) to cancel printing, or

• Press [F3] (Yes) to print the current site.

The PT878 returns to Operate Mode, while the printer prints out the current site.

4.1.10 Transferring a Site File to a PC

T o upload a site file to a PC, you must have an infrared sensor connected to the PC that can receive data from the PT878 IR beam.

1. Check that the Communications option on the PT878 (see page 123)

has been set to the IrDA protocol, and that the IR beam on the PT878 has clear access to the IR sensor connected to the PC port.

Note: For Windows NT 4.0, check that the QuickBeam

software (available

through the path C:\Program Files\QuickBeam Suite) is running.

2. Highlight the desired site in the left window of the Site Manager.

3. Press [MENU] to open the File Menu. Then press the [X] arrow key

once to scroll from the File Menu to the Site Menu. Scroll to the Transfer option, and press

Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual 83

[ENTER].

Chapter 4. Creating and Managing Sites

4.1.10 Transferring a Site to a PC (cont.)

The screen shows a message indicating that the PT878 is searching for an infrared device. (If the PT878 cannot detect an infrared device, a window appears indicating this problem, and asks if you want to try again.) If it finds a device, it sends another message indicating that it is uploading the site. (The meter also displays a message if the upload fails.) When the upload is complete, the meter returns to the Site Manager . The PC holds the transferred file in the QuickBeam Inbox folder (for Windows NT 4.0), as shown in Figure 50 below. If you are using other Windows operating systems, the transferred file appears in C:\My Received Files. You can open the file on the PC using any text editor.

Figure 50: IR_Inbox Folder - Transferred Site File

4.1.11 Transferring a Site File in Text Format to a PC

To transfer a site file in text format from the PT878 to a PC, be sure the PC is equipped with an infrared sensor as discussed on page 83.

1. Highlight the desired site in the left window of the Site Manager.

2. Press [MENU] to open the File Menu. Then press the [X] arrow key

once to scroll from the File Menu to the Site Menu. Scroll to the Transfer as Text option, and press

The PT878 uploads the file in the same manner as a site file, but with a .prt suffix. You can then open the file on the PC using any text editor.

84 Transport® Model PT878 Portable Liquid Flowmeter User’s Manual

[ENTER].

GE PT878 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Chapter 1. Features and Capabilities

1.1 Overview

1.2 System Description

1.2.1 The Flowcell

1.2.2 Electronics Package

1.3 Theory of Operation

Chapter 2. Initial Setup

Figure 1: The PT878 and Accessories

2.1 Making Electrical Connections

Figure 2: Connection Locations

2.1.1 Power Connections

2.1.2 Transducer Connections

2.1.3 Input/Output Connections

2.1.4 The Infrared Wireless Interface

2.2 Caring for the PT878 Batteries

2.2.1 Charging and Storing the Batteries

2.2.2 Replacing the Batteries

Figure 3: Battery Location

2.2.3 Disposing of Batteries

2.3 Powering ON and OFF

Figure 4: Screen After Powering ON

Figure 5: Shutdown Menu

2.4 Using the Screen and Keypad

2.4.1 Screen

Figure 6: PT878 Screen in Operate Mode

2.4.2 Keypad

Figure 7: PT878 Keypad

2.5 Obtaining On-Line Help

Figure 8: Main Help Menu

Chapter 3. Programming Site Data

3.1 Entering the Program Menu

Figure 9: Program Menu

3.2 Entering Transducer Parameters

Figure 10: Transducer Option Window

Figure 11: Transducer Numbers Drop-Down List

3.2.1 Parameters for Special Transducers

Figure 12: High Angle Error Message Window

Figure 13: Low Angle Error Message Window

Figure 14: Transducer Spacing Change Window

3.2.2 Confirming Entries

3.3 Entering Pipe Parameters

Figure 15: Pipe Option Window

Figure 16: Soundspeed Error Message Window

Figure 17: Transducer Spacing Change Window

3.4 Entering Pipe Lining Parameters

Figure 18: Pipe Lining Window

3.5 Entering Fluid Types and Speeds

Figure 19: Fluid Type Window

3.6 Entering the Signal Path Parameters

Figure 20: Signal Path Window

3.6.1 Path Parameters for Clamp-On Transducers

3.6.2 Path Parameters for Wetted Transducers

3.7 Entering the Energy Option Parameters

Figure 21: Energy Option Window

3.7.1 Entering Inputs in the Energy Option

Figure 22: Inputs Tab in the Energy Option

3.7.2 Entering Custom Cp Data in the Energy Option

Figure 23: Custom Cp Tab in the Energy Option

Figure 24: Custom Cp (temperature vs. enthalpy) Table

Figure 25: Fluid Density Table

3.8 Entering Analog Inputs

3.8.1 Entering General-Purpose Analog Inputs

Figure 26: Analog Inputs Option Window

Figure 27: Text Creation Window

3.8.2 Entering Analog Inputs in the Energy Option

Figure 28: Analog Inputs Option Window - Energy Option Activated

3.9 Entering the Analog Output

Figure 29: Analog Output Window

Figure 30: Data Source Selection Window

3.10 Entering the Digital Output

Figure 31: Digital Output Window

3.11 Entering User Functions

Figure 32: User Functions Window

Figure 33: Text Creation Window

Figure 34: Function Creation Window

3.11.1 Entering Correction Factors