Garmin II User Manual

Owner’s Manual & Reference

or manual, including photocopying and recording, for any purpose without the express written permission of GARMIN.

Information in this document is subject to change without notice. GARMIN reserves the right to change or improve its products and to make changes in the content without obligation to notify any person or organization of such changes or improvements.

GARMIN, GPS II, Personal Navigator, AutoLocate, TracBack, and MultiTrac8 are all trademarks of GARMIN Corporation and may not be used without the expressed permission of GARMIN.

August 1996 Part # 190-00118-00 Rev. A Printed in Taiwan.

Thank You!

Thanks for choosing the GARMIN GPS II— the smallest, easiest-to-use GPS navigator for outdoor use! The GPS II represents GARMIN’s continuing commitment to provide quality navigation information in a versatile and user-friendly flexible design you’ll enjoy for years. To get the most from your new GPS, take the time to read through the owner’s manual in order to understand the operating features of the GPS II. This manual is organized into three sections for your convenience:

Section One (Read Me First!) takes you through step-by-step instructions to initialize

the receiver for first-time use.

Section Two (Getting-Started Tour) introduces you to the basic features of the unit

and provides a quick-start orientation to the GPS II.

Section Three (Reference) provides details about the advanced features and opera-

tions of the GPS II by topic.

Before getting started with your GPS, check to see that your GARMINGPS II package includes the following items. If you are missing any parts, please contact your dealer immediately.

Standard Package:

• GPS II Unit

• Wrist Strap

• GPS II Owner’s Manual

• Velcro Mount

CAUTION!

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is operated by the government of the United States, which is solely

responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and

performance of all GPS equipment. Although the GPS II is a precision electronic NAVigation AID (NAVAID), any

NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted and, therefore, become unsafe.

WARNING

For vehicular applications, it is the sole responsibility of the owner/operator of the GPS II to secure the GPS unit

so that it will not cause damage or personal injury in the event of an accident. Do not mount the GPS II over airbag

panels or in a place where the driver or passengers are likely to have an impact with it in an accident or collision. The

mounting hardware provided by GARMIN is not warranted against collision damage or the consequences thereof.

WARNING

For vehicular operations, it is the sole responsibility of the operator of the vehicle to operate his or her vehicle in

a safe manner, maintain full surveillance of all driving conditions at all times, and never become distracted by the GPS

II to the exclusion of safe operating practices. It is unsafe to operate the GPS II while you are driving. Failure by the

operator of a vehicle equipped with a GPS II to pay full attention to operating the vehicle and road conditions while the vehicle is in motion could result in an accident or collision with property damage and personal injury.

FCC COMPLIANCE

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC limits for Class B digital devices. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.

There is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to other equipment, which can be determined by turning the affected equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try and correct the interference by relocating the equipment or connecting the equipment to a different circuit than the affected equipment.

Consult an authorized dealer or other qualified service technician for additional help if these remedies do not correct the problem. Operation is subject to the following conditions: (1) This device cannot cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

The GPS II does not contain any user-serviceable parts. Repairs should only be made by an authorized GARMINservice center. Unauthorized repairs or modifications could void your warranty and your authority to operate this device under Part 15 regulations.

iii

UNIT FEATURES

Antenna

Function Keys

Rocker Keypad

LCD Display

Battery Door

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION ONE Read Me First!

Keypad Usage/Operating Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

What is GPS? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Satellite Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Battery Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Screen Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

SECTION TWO Getting-Started Tour

Initializing the Receiver/Power On . . . . . . . . . . . .7-9

Page Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Tour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-19

SECTION THREE Reference

Satellite Status Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20-25

Position Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26-28

Creating and Using Waypoints . . . . . . . . . . . . .29-39

GOTO and MOB Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40-41

TracBack Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42-45

Creating and Using Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46-55

Compass and Highway Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56-59

Moving Map Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60-68

Menu Page and Auxiliary Functions . . . . . . . . .69-80

Simulator Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81-82

Appendix A—Battery Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . .83

Appendix B—Dashboard Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . .84

Appendix C—Specifications and Wiring . . . . . .85-88

Appendix D—External Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89

Appendix E—Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90-91

Appendix F—Map Datums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92-95

Appendix G—Time Offset Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96

Appendix G—Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97-99

Appendix H—Navigation Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . .100

KEYPAD USAGE/OPERATING TERMS

(POWER)— Turns the unit on and off, and controls

three-levels of screen backlighting intensity.

(PAGE)— Scrolls the main pages in sequence and

returns the display from a submenu page to a main page.

(MARK)— Captures your present position and displays

the mark position window.

(GOTO)— Displays the GOTO waypoint window, allow-

ing you to select the destination waypoint.

(ENTER)— Activates highlighted fields and confirms

menu options and data entry.

(QUIT)— Returns the display to a previous page or

restores a data field’s previous value.

(ZOOM)— Provides 12 adjustable fields by selecting

either the in or out keys from the map page.

(KEYPAD)— Controls the movement of the cursor and

is used to select options and positions, and to enter data.

‘Mode’

Field

CURSOR— Solid black bar which can be moved up, down, left, and right with the keypad to select individual fields.

DEFAULT— A system-selected format, built into a software program or the unit’s memory, that will be followed unless the user chooses a different setting.

FIELD— The location on a page where a group of characters or option is entered and displayed.

HIGHLIGHT— The act of using the cursor to select a field for the purpose of entering data.

SCROLL— Moving through characters or options from a selected field.

What is GPS?

GPS is a system of 24 satellites which circle the earth twice a day in a very precise orbit and transmit information to earth. The GPS II must continuously “see” at least three of these satellites to calculate your position and track your movement.

By using an almanac (a timetable of satellite numbers and their orbits) stored in the receiver’s memory, the GPS II can determine the distance and position of any GPS satellite and use this information to compute your position.

Your GPS receiver can only see satellites above the horizon, so it needs to know what satellites to look for at any given time. To use this almanac data, your GPS needs to either be told its general location or given the opportunity to find itself, or “initialize.” Once you initialize the unit to a position, it will usually compute a fix within a few minutes.

Initialization is only necessary under the following conditions:

• The first time you use your GPS II (from the factory).

• After the GPS II has been moved over 500 miles from the last time you used it (with the power off).

• If the GPS II’s memory has been cleared and all stored data has been lost.

READ ME FIRST!

To prevent accidental battery power loss, the GPS II will automatically shut off 10 minutes after the last keystroke if the unit is not tracking at least one satellite and has never acquired a position fix.

Satellite Signals

Because the GPS II relies on satellite signals to provide you with navigation guidance, the receiver needs to have an unobstructed, clear view of the sky for best performance. In a nutshell, the GPS receiver’s view of the sky will generally determine how fast you get a position fix— or if you get a fix at all. GPS signals are relatively weak and do not travel through rocks, buildings, people, metal, or heavy tree cover, so remember to keep a clear view of the sky at all times for best performance.

Once the GPS II has calculated a position fix, you’ll usually have anywhere from four to eight satellites in view. The GPS II will then continuously select the best satellites in view to update your position. If some of the satellites in view get blocked or “shaded,” the receiver can simply use an alternate satellite to maintain the position fix. Although a GPS receiver needs four satellites to provide a three-dimensional (3D) fix, the GPS II can maintain a two-dimensional (2D) fix with only three satellites. A three-dimensional fix means the unit knows its latitude, longitude, and altitude, while a two-dimensional fix means the unit knows only its latitude and longitude.

Battery Installation

The GPS II operates on 4 AA batteries, which are installed at the base of the unit. Normal battery life is approximately 15 hours, and up to 20 hours when the unit is in battery saver mode.

To install the batteries:

1. Flip up the metal ring at the base of the unit, and turn the ring 90 degrees counter clockwise.

2. Install the batteries (Fig. 5), and close the battery compartment door.

3. Lock the door in the closed position by rotating the metal ring 90 degrees

clockwise.

Battery life varies due to a variety of factors, including temperature, backlighting, and whether the unit is in battery saver mode. You may find that you get more or less battery life in different conditions.

When replacing the GPS II’s batteries, observe the polarity markings engraved in the plastic case.

Fig. 5

READ ME FIRST!

Polarity

Markings

READ ME FIRST!

Fig. 6a

Screen Orientation

Fig. 6b

The GPS II has a unique screen orientation feature for switching from a horizontal mounting position in a vehicle or on a bike to a vertical orientation for handheld outdoor use, such as hunting or hiking. The GPS II’s rocker keypad and single-use keys are designed to function in the same manner, no matter if you’re using the unit vertically (Fig. 6a) or horizontally (Fig. 6b).

To change the screen orientation:

1. Press and hold PAGE.

GETTING-STARTED TOUR

Initializing Your GPS II

To initialize the GPS II, take the receiver outside and find an open area where the antenna has a clear view of the sky. You may either hold the receiver at a comfortable height with the external antenna pointing up (Fig. 7a), or mount the receiver on the dash of a vehicle (Appendix B) or on a bike. (Likewise, when you use your GPS II in a vehicle, make sure the antenna is pointing up.)

To turn the GPS II on, press and hold the power key.

The welcome page will be displayed while the unit conducts a self test. Once testing is complete, the welcome page will be replaced by the satellite status page. You’ll see the EZ init prompt, which asks you to choose an initialization method. Note: If the EZinit prompt has not automatically appeared, press ENTER.

To initialize your unit:

1. Press ENTER (Fig. 7b). (The word ‘COUNTRY’ in the first prompt will already be highlighted.)

2. Use the rocker keypad to scroll up or down through the list of countries to select your country/state/region. If the country you’re in isn’t listed, select another country within 500 miles of your present position, and press ENTER.

Fig. 7a

Fig. 7b

GETTING-STARTED TOUR

Check the satellite status page for 2D or 3D navigation to verify a position fix.

Fig. 8a

Fig. 8b Fig. 8c

This usually provides a position fix in 3-5 minutes*. You’ll know you have a fix when the unit automatically transitions from the satellite status page to the position page (Figs. 8b-8c). Your receiver is now ready for everyday use!

To turn the unit off:

1. Press and hold the red power key for three seconds (Fig. 8a).

*(The almanac data stored in your GPS’ memory is typically valid for 3-6 months. If your unit has older data, the time required for initialization may take 15 to 30 minutes.)

GETTING-STARTED TOUR

If you have trouble initializing or getting a position fix, check the following:

• Does the receiver have a clear view of the sky?

If there are large buildings or mountains, or if there is heavy tree cover, the receiver may not be receiving enough satellite signals to calculate a fix. Also, if you’re using the GPS II on a car dash, make sure the unit is placed so that it has the clearest possible view of the sky. Your GPS will only be able to detect satellites that it can “see” through your vehicle’s windshield. Depending on the slope of your dash or the overall surface area of the window, it may be necessary to mount an external antenna on your vehicle’s roof or trunk in order to give the unit a better view of the sky. (Contact your local GARMIN dealer and inquire about the GA26 low-profile remote antenna, part number 010-10052-02)

• Have you selected the right country/state/region from the EZinit list?

Check for the correct approximate lat/lon on the position page, or reselect the appropriate country from the list to restart the initialization.

• Have you moved more than 500 miles from the last calculated position with the receiver off?

Reinitialize the receiver by selecting the country/state/region of your new location from the EZinit list.

GETTING-STARTED TOUR

Scrolling Through the Main Pages

Status Page

The GPS II features five main pages which are linked together in a chain (Fig. 10). You can quickly scroll through the pages in either direction using PAGE or QUIT. Let’s briefly tour each of these pages in order to give you some insight into how they help you navigate. We’ll go over all of them in much more detail in the reference section of this manual.

This tour assumes that you have only initialized the receiver and have not changed any of the factory settings (units of measure, selectable fields, etc.). If you have changed any of the default settings, the pictures and descriptions in the tour may not match your unit. Also, make sure your unit’s screen is orientated horizontally.

Position Page

Map Page Navigation Page

Fig. 10

Menu Page

Satellite Status Page

GETTING-STARTED TOUR

Fig. 11

Let’s start with the satellite status page, which is the page you’ll view while your unit is getting a position fix. If you’re not already on this page, press PAGE or QUIT until it appears. The satellite status page shows you status information that helps you understand what the receiver is doing at any given time, and it’s a page that you’ll want to occasionally refer back to as you use your unit. It features a sky view of available satellites, signal strength bars, the status of your current position fix (acquiring, 2D, 3D, etc.), and your estimated position error (EPE). You can also tell how much battery power is remaining (Fig. 11). Once your GPS II has acquired sufficient satellites, the satellite status page will automatically be replaced by the position page (as long as you haven’t pressed any other buttons).

The signal strength bars give you an indication of what satellites are visible to the receiver, whether or not they’re being used to calculate a position fix, and the signal quality.

GETTING-STARTED TOUR

Fig. 12

Position Page

The position page (Fig. 12) shows you where you are, what direction you’re heading, and how fast you’re going— and it’s the page you’ll want to use when you don’t have an active destination selected.

A graphic compass display at the top of the page shows your direction of travel, while five data fields below display your track and speed, a trip odometer, and your position and altitude. The ‘trip’ and ‘altitude’ fields are user-selectable, which means you can change them to display other navigation information. We’ll cover more about those fields in the reference section of this manual.

GETTING-STARTED TOUR

Marking a Position

GPS is really about marking and going to places called waypoints. Before we can

use our GPS II to guide us somewhere, we have to mark a position as a waypoint.

To mark a position:

1. Press MARK.

The mark position page will appear, showing the captured position and a default 3-digit waypoint name. Let’s change the default name to something a little more meaningful, like ‘HOME’ (Fig. 13).

To name a waypoint:

1. Use the keypad to highlight the name field, and press ENTER.

2. Enter the waypoint name ‘HOME’, and press ENTER.

3. Highlight ‘SAVE?’, and press ENTER.

The mark position page will be replaced by the position page (the page displayed before pressing MARK). The ‘HOME’ waypoint is now stored in the GPS II’s memory, which is maintained by an internal lithium battery.

If you try to mark a position without a position fix, you will be alerted with a ‘No Position’ message.

Fig. 13

GETTING-STARTED TOUR

You can even time yourself with the GPS II’s on-scre e n clock.

Using the Position Page

Now that you’ve marked a position, it’s time to take a brisk walk using the position and moving map pages to watch your every move. You should still be on the position page.

To get the most from this tutorial, walk in a straight line for 3-4 minutes at a fast pace and watch the position page. (Because the GPS system typically has a margin of error of approximately 15 meters, you’ll need to walk this long to ensure that you travel far enough to register useful information. You’ll also get a much better indication of how the GPS II’s steering guidance and mapping features work to guide you.)

You’ll see that the direction you are moving (track), your speed, and how far you’ve gone displayed in the middle of the screen, just below the graphic compass display. The latitude, longitude and approximate altitude of your position are displayed at the bottom of the page, with the time of day displayed below.

To continue the tour, let’s move on to the next page:

1. Press PAGE.

GETTING-STARTED TOUR

Moving Map Page

The GPS II’s next page, the moving map page, shows your movement as a realtime track log (electronic breadcrumb trail), and your present position as a diamond icon in the center of the map. You’ll notice the black square below the diamond, which represents the position you just created (‘HOME’), and the line between the two, which shows your track (Fig. 15a).

Nearby waypoints are represented as squares, with the waypoint name listed above the square. When you want to change the map scale, simply use the zoom keys (“in” and “out”) to select the desired scale. We’ll cover more about other information you can obtain from this field in the reference section.

1. Now turn 90º to your right and continue walking at a fast pace for another 2-3 minutes. Notice how the display changes, always keeping the direction you are moving at the

top of the map. (Fig. 15b)

Fig. 15a

Fig. 15b

GETTING-STARTED TOUR

Fig. 16a

Fig. 16b

Going To a Waypoint

Once you’ve stored a waypoint in memory, you can use the GPS II to guide you to it by performing a simple GOTO. A GOTO is really nothing more than the receiver drawing a straight-line course from your present position to the destination you’ve selected. To see how it works, let’s try navigating back to our starting position, the HOME waypoint.

To select a GOTO destination:

1. Press GOTO.

2. Highlight the ‘HOME’ waypoint, (Fig. 16a) and press ENTER.

You’ll notice that you’ll automatically be on the default navigation page, the compass page (Fig. 16b). Let’s navigate back to ‘HOME’ using this page.

GETTING-STARTED TOUR

Compass Page

The compass page is the default navigation page for the GPS II, and provides a rotating compass in the middle of the page. The compass ring shows your actual direction of travel while you’re moving, and the pointer arrow in the middle points to your destination (selected waypoint). As you move toward ‘HOME’, notice how the compass rose and the pointer arrow provide a clear picture of the direction you’re moving and the direction of ‘HOME’. Note: The pointer arrow may not give accurate direction guidance unless you are moving at a fast pace.

The bearing and distance to a waypoint are displayed at the top of the screen, and your current track and speed are shown below. The default ‘ETE’ field, at the bottom of the screen between the ‘track’ and ‘speed’ fields (Fig. 17a), is a user-selectable field that can provide a variety of navigation information. We’ll cover more about that field in the reference section of this manual.

As you get close to ‘HOME’, you’ll be alerted to press PAGE. The GPS II will give you the message “Approaching HOME” (Fig. 17b). Once you’ve arrived, you’ll notice the distance field will read 0.00.

To continue the tour, let’s move on to the next page:

1. Press PAGE.

Fig. 17a

Fig. 17b

GETTING-STARTED TOUR

Fig. 18a

Fig. 18b

Menu Page

You’ve already seen the first four pages in action by acquiring satellites, marking a position, and navigating to a destination. The last page available from the main page sequence is the menu page (Fig. 18a), which provides access to the GPS II’s waypoint management, route, and setup features.

Clearing the Track Log

After you’ve practiced and used the GPSII for a few trips, you may find that your map display has become cluttered with track plots of your every move. To get a feel for how the map and track features work, let’s clear the track log (the plot points left on the map page) we’ve just created during the Getting Started tour.

To clear the track log:

1. Scroll to the map page, and press ENTER.

2. Highlight the ‘track setup’ field, and press ENTER.

3. Highlight the ‘clear log?’ field (Fig. 18b), and press ENTER.

4. Highlight ‘Yes?’, and press ENTER.

GETTING-STARTED TOUR

Congratulations! You’ve just completed the Getting-Started Tour! You now know

enough about the GPS II to go out and have some fun with it.

We strongly recommend that you read on and explore the Reference section, which contains a closer look at all of the exciting features of the GPS II. The first two sections of this manual have only explored a small part of what this unit can do for you. The next section will describe GARMIN’s state-of-the-art operating system, which is second to none in the world of GPS receivers. In fact, because there are so many things this unit can do for you, you won’t be using it to its full capacity unless you read on. As you delve further into the GPS II and become more familiar with its many features, you’ll find that it’s one navigation tool that you’ll grow into— for years to come.

To turn your GPS II off:

1. Press and hold the red power key (Fig. 19).

Fig. 19

REFERENCE

Fig. 20a

Fig. 20b

Satellite Status Page

The GPS II’s satellite status page provides a visual reference of satellite acquisition and position. As the receiver locks onto satellites, a signal strength bar will appear for each satellite in view, with the appropriate satellite number (1-32) underneath each bar. The progress of satellite acquisition is shown in three stages:

• No signal strength bars— the GPS II is looking for the satellites indicated.

• Hollow signal strength bars— the GPS II has found the satellite(s) and is collecting data (Fig. 20a).

• Solid signal strength bars— the GPS II has collected the necessary data and the satellite(s) is ready for use (Fig. 21b).

Each satellite has a 30-second data transmission that must be collected (hollow bar status) before that satellite may be used for navigation (solid bar status). Once a fix has been calculated, the GPS II will then update your position, track, and speed by selecting and using the best satellites in view. You can also access the GPS II’s contrast feature from this page (see pg 73).

To adjust the screen contrast:

1. Press the rocker keypad, adjust the level of contrast (Fig. 20b), and press ENTER.

Sky View and Signal Strength Bars

The sky view and signal strength bars give you an indication of what satellites are visible to the receiver, whether or not they are being used to calculate a position fix, and the signal quality. The satellite sky view shows a bird’s-eye view of the position of each available satellite relative to the unit’s last known position. The outer circle represents the horizon (north up); the inner circle 45º above the horizon; and the center point directly overhead. You can use the sky view to help determine if any satellites are being blocked, and whether you have a current position fix (indicated by a ‘2D NAV’ or ‘3D NAV’ (Fig. 21b) in the status field.

When the receiver is looking for a particular satellite, the corresponding signal strength bar will be blank and the sky view indicator will be highlighted. Once the receiver has found the satellite, a hollow signal strength bar will appear, indicating that the satellite has been found and the receiver is collecting data from it (Fig. 21a). The satellite number in the sky view will no longer appear highlighted. As soon as the GPS II has collected the necessary data to use the satellite for positioning, the hollow bar will become solid.

REFERENCE

Fig. 21a

Fig. 21b

REFERENCE

Fig. 22a

Fig. 22b

Receiver Status and EPE

Receiver status is indicated at the top left of the page, with the current horizontal accuracy (estimated position error, in feet or meters) at the top right. The status will be shown as one of the following conditions:

Searching— the GPS II is looking for any available satellites in view (Fig. 22a).

AutoLocate— the GPS II is initializing and collecting new almanac data. This

process can take 7.5 to 30 minutes, depending on satellites currently in view.

Acquiring— the receiver is collecting data from available satellites, but has not

collected enough data to calculate a 2D fix.

2D Navigation— at least three satellites with good geometry have been locked

onto and a 2-dimensional position fix (latitude and longitude) is being calculat-

ed. ‘2D Diff’ will appear when you are receiving DGPS corrections in 2D mode.

3D Navigation— at least four satellites with good geometry have been locked

onto, and your position is now being calculated in latitude, longitude and alti-

tude. ‘3D Diff’ will appear when you are receiving DGPS corrections in 3D mode.

Poor GPS Coverage— the receiver i s n ’t tracking enough satellites for a 2D or

3D fix due to bad satellite geometry (Fig. 22b).

Not Usable— the receiver is unusable, possibly due to incorrect initialization or abnormal satellite conditions. Turn the unit off and back on to reset, and reinitialize the receiver if necessary.

Simulator— the receiver is in simulator mode (Fig. 23a).

REFERENCE

EZinit Option Prompt

The satellite status page also provides access to the EZinit prompt whenever a position fix has not been calculated (Fig. 23b) The unit must be in searching, AutoLocate, acquiring, simulator, or poor coverage mode. This allows you to reinitialize the unit (see page 7), and is useful if you have traveled over 500 miles with the receiver off and must initialize your new position. (The EZinit prompt will automatically appear if the receiver needs to be initialized. The prompt may also appear during normal use if the antenna is shaded or the unit is indoors.)

Fig. 23a

Fig. 23b

REFERENCE

Battery Level Indicator

The satellite status page also features a battery level indicator, located to the left of the

sky view, which displays the strength of the unit’s batteries (Fig. 24).

Fig. 24

The battery level indicator is calibrated for alkaline batteries. Ni-Cad and lithium batteries will inaccurately display the battery level at one-half its proper level

due to voltage differences. No other receiver functions are affected by using Ni-

Cad or lithium batteries.

The GPS II features an internal lithium battery that will maintain the unit’s memory

for up to 10 years, regardless of whether the four AA batteries are installed.

+ 78 hidden pages