Garmin (Europe) Ltd.
Liberty House, Hounsdown Business Park,
Southampton, Hampshire, SO40 9RB, U. K.
Tel. +44 (0) 870.8501241 (outside the UK) 0808 2380000 (within the UK)
Fax +44 (0) 870.8501251
Garmin Corporation
No. 68, Jangshu 2
nd
Road, Shijr, Taipei County, Taiwan
Tel. 886/2.2642.9199
Fax 886/2.2642.9099
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RECORD OF REVISIONS
Revision Revision
Description ECO #
Date
A 12/7/07 Initial Release -B 1/15/08 Revised and Redrawn 50283
190-00879-08 GPS 18x Technical Specifications Rev. B
1.5.2GPS 18x PC ...................................................................................................................................................... 4
4.1.1Almanac Information (ALM).......................................................................................................................... 12
4.1.2Sensor Initialization Information (PGRMI).................................................................................................... 13
4.1.3Sensor Configuration Information (PGRMC)................................................................................................. 13
4.1.4Additional Sensor Configuration Information (PGRMC1) ............................................................................. 14
4.2.2Transmitted Time ............................................................................................................................................ 16
4.2.3Global Positioning System Almanac Data (ALM).......................................................................................... 16
4.2.4Global Positioning System Fix Data (GGA)................................................................................................... 17
4.2.5GPS DOP and Active Satellites (GSA)........................................................................................................... 17
4.2.6GPS Satellites in View (GSV)......................................................................................................................... 17
4.2.7Recommended Minimum Specific GPS/TRANSIT Data (RMC)................................................................... 18
190-00879-08 GPS 18x Technical Specifications Rev. B
Page ii
4.2.8Track Made Good and Ground Speed (VTG)................................................................................................. 18
4.2.9Geographic Position (GLL)............................................................................................................................. 18
4.2.10Estimated Error Information (PGRME).......................................................................................................... 18
4.2.11GPS Fix Data Sentence (PGRMF).................................................................................................................. 19
4.2.12Map Datum (PGRMM)................................................................................................................................... 19
4.2.13Sensor Status Information (PGRMT).............................................................................................................. 19
4.2.143D Velocity Information (PGRMV)............................................................................................................... 19
4.2.15DGPS Beacon Information (PGRMB)............................................................................................................ 20
Downloading the Sensor Configuration Software........................................................................................................... 31
Selecting a Model ........................................................................................................................................................... 31
Connecting to the Sensor................................................................................................................................................ 31
Comm Menu................................................................................................................................................................... 32
View Menu ..................................................................................................................................................................... 33
Help Menu...................................................................................................................................................................... 33
Figure 1: Computer Serial Port Interconnection............................................................................................................8
Figure 2. PDA Serial Port Interconnection....................................................................................................................9
Figure 4a. GPS 18x Bottom Case Dimensions, Under Mold.......................................................................................10
Figure 4b. GPS 18x Bottom Case, Outside of Casing.................................................................................................10
Figure 5. GPS 18x Suction Cup Mount Center Hole Dimensions...............................................................................11
Figure 6. GPS 18x Flush Mount Dimensions..............................................................................................................11
Figure 7. GPS 18x Flush Mount Center Hole Dimensions..........................................................................................11
Table 2: NMEA 0183 Output Sentence Order and Size..............................................................................................15
Table 3: Characters per Second for Available Baud Rates..........................................................................................15
190-00879-08 GPS 18x Technical Specifications Rev. B
Page iii
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 CAUTIONS
CAUTION
The GPS system is operated by the government of the United States, which is solely responsible for its accuracy and
maintenance. Although the GPS 18x is a precision electronic NAVigation AID (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be
misused or misinterpreted, and therefore become unsafe. Use these products at your own risk. To reduce the risk,
carefully review and understand all aspects of these Technical Specifications before using the GPS 18x. When in
actual use, carefully compare indications from the GPS to all available navigation sources including the information
from other NAVAIDs, visual sightings, charts, etc. For safety, always resolve any discrepancies before continuing
navigation.
FCC
Compliance
This product has been tested and found to comply with Part 15 of the FCC interference limits for Class B digital
devices FOR HOME OR OFFICE USE. These limits are designed to pr ovi de m ore reas onable protection against
harmful interference in a residential installation, and are more stringent than “outdoor” requirements.
Operation of this device is subject to the following conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference,
and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and may cause harmful interference to radio
communications if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions. However, there is no guarantee that
interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or
television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to
correct the interference by one of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet that is on a different circuit from the GPS unit.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
This product does not contain any user-serviceable parts. Repairs should only be made by an authorized Garmin
service center. Unauthorized repairs or modifications could result in permanent damage to the equipment, and void
your warranty and your authority to operate this device under Part 15 regulatio ns.
190-00879-08 GPS 18x Technical Specifications Rev. B
Page 1
1.2 LIMITED WARRANTY
This Garmin product is warranted to be free from defects in materials or workmanship for one year from the date of
purchase. Within this period, Garmin will at its sole option, repair or replace any components that fail in normal use.
Such repairs or replacement will be made at no charge to the customer for parts or labor, provided that the customer
shall be responsible for any transportation cost. This warranty does not cover failures due to abuse, misuse, accident
or unauthorized alteration or repairs.
This product is intended to be used only as a travel aid and must not be used for any purpose requiring precise
measurement of direction, distance, location, or topography. Garmin makes no warranty as to the accuracy or
completeness of map data in this product.
THE WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES CONTAINED HEREIN ARE E XCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL
OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING ANY LIABILITY ARISING
UNDER ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PART I CULAR PURPOSE,
STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YO U SPECIF IC LE GAL RIGHTS, WHICH MAY
VARY FROM STATE TO STATE.
IN NO EVENT SHALL GARMIN BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER RESULTING FROM THE USE, MISUSE, OR INABILITY TO
USE THIS PRODUCT OR FROM DEFECTS IN THE PRODUCT. Some states do not allow the exclusion of
incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitations may not apply to you.
Garmin retains the exclusive right to repair or replace the unit or software or offer a full refund of the purchase price
at its sole discretion. SUCH REMEDY SHALL BE YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY FOR ANY
BREACH OF WARRANTY.
To obtain warranty service, contact your local Garmin authorized dealer, or call Garmin Product Support at one of
the numbers shown below for shipping instructions and an RMA tracking number. The unit should be securely
packed with the tracking number clearly written on the
charges prepaid, to any Garmin warranty service station. A copy of the original sales receipt is required as the proof
of purchase for warranty repairs.
outside of the package. The unit should then be sent, freight
Garmin (Europe) Ltd.
Liberty House, Hounsdown Business Park,
Southampton, Hampshire, SO40 9RB, U. K.
Tel. +44 (0) 870.8501241 (outside the UK) 0808 2380000 (within the UK)
Fax +44 (0) 870.8501251
190-00879-08 GPS 18x Technical Specifications Rev. B
Page 2
1.3 OVERVIEW
The GPS 18x series products include an embedded receiver and an antenna. Based on the proven technology found
in other Garmin GPS receivers, the GPS 18x tracks multiple satellites at a time while providing fast time-to-first-fix,
precise navigation updates (five times per second for t he GPS 18 x- 5 Hz, and once per second for the GPS 18x USB,
18x PC, and 18x LVC), and low power consumption. This generation of GPS sensors includes the capability of FAA
Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) differential GPS.
The GPS 18x design uses the latest technology and high-level circuit integration to ach ieve superior performance
while minimizing space and power requirements. The hardware capability combined with software intelligence
makes the GPS 18x easy to integrate and use.
The GPS 18x series products are designed to withstand rugg ed operating conditions and are waterproofto IEC
60529 IPX7, immersion in 1 meter of water for 30 minutes. These complete GPS receivers require minimal
additional components to be supplied by an OEM or system integrator. A minimum system must provide the GPS
with a source of power and a clear view of the GPS satellites. Internal FLASH memory allows the GPS to retain
critical data such as satellite orbital parameters, last-known position, date and time. End user interfaces such as
keyboards and displays are the responsibility of the application designer.
1.4 FEATURES
• GPS receiver tracks and uses multiple satellites for fast, accurate positioning and velocity estimates.
• Differential DGPS capability using real-time WAAS corrections yielding positio n errors of less than 3
meters.
• Compact, rugged design ideal for applications with minimal space.
• Factory configuration meets the needs of most systems that expect NMEA 0183 data from a GPS receiver.
Configuration commands are available to customize the NMEA 0183 output (see
NMEA 0183 Sentences
)
section 4.1 Received
•(GPS 18x LVC and GPS 18x-5Hz only) Highly accurate measurem ent pulse output for precise timing
measurements: one-pulse-per-second (1 Hz) for the GPS 18x LVC or 5 Hz for GP S 18 x-5Hz. Pulse width
is configurable in 20 millisecond increments from 20 ms to 980 ms with 1 μs accuracy.
• Configurable for binary format data output.
• FLASH-based program allows new software revisions through a Web site download.
• Non-volatile memory does not require battery backup.
• Onboard rechargeable backup battery can maintain the real-time clock for up to 10 days.
• Configurable parameters include expected position, current time and date, and preferred position fix type
(3D or automatic).
•Waterproof design allows continuous exposure to the pr evailing weather conditions at most locations.
190-00879-08 GPS 18x Technical Specifications Rev. B
Page 3
1.5 GPS 18x SERIES
There are several different versions of GPS 18x available. Refer below for a list of the three major divisions of the
GPS 18x Series.
1.5.1 GPS 18x USB
The GPS 18x USB interfaces to a computer with an available USB port. Drivers
are available for use on Windows computers. Macintosh and Linux drivers are
not available from Garmin. After the drivers are loaded, the device appears to the
Windows operating system as a USB-connected device and appears in Device
Manager as a Garmin USB Device.
1.5.2 GPS 18x PC
The GPS 18x PC interfaces to a serial port of a computer via a DB-9
connector and receives power through a 12-volt cigarette lighter adapter.
The unit accepts TIA-232-F (RS-232) level inputs and transmits voltage
levels that swing from zero V (ground) to 5 V TIA-232-F (RS-232)
polarity.
The GPS 18x PC can cause an issue with Windows operating systems if
the DB9 connector is plugged into the computer before the navigation
software is up and running. The Windows operating system may
interpret the serial connector on the GPS 18x as a serial mouse. Please
refer to
1.5.3 GPS 18x LVC, GPS 18x LVC-5m, and GPS 18x-5Hz
These products interface to a serial port. The units accept TIA-232-F (RS-232) level inputs and transmit voltage
levels that swing from ground to the positive supply voltage,
polarity protection. The cable contains wires for power, ground, receive, transmit, and measurement pulse output.
Appendix D: GPS 18x PC/LVC/18x-5Hz & Window Serial Mouse Issue for complete details.
TIA-232-F (RS-232) polarity. They also have reverse
At the end of the cable, the wires are terminated in a connector that is used
by Garmin for testing purposes. Most customers will remove this
connector and replace it with another connector of their own choosing.
Removing the factory installed connector and/or replacing with another
customer-supplied connector will have no affect on the warranty (see
section 1.2 Limited Warranty
with JST right-angle PCB-mount connector (model BM06B-SRSS-TBT)
or side-entry PCB-mount connector (model SM06B-SRSS-TB). You may
obtain technical information on these PCB-mount mating connectors from
the JST Web site:
Note: Unless otherwise specified, all references to the GPS 18x LVC also include the GPS 18x LVC-5m.
www.jst.com.
). The factory-installed connector will mate
190-00879-08 GPS 18x Technical Specifications Rev. B
Page 4
1.6 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Specifications are subject to change without notice.
1.6.1 Physical Characteristics
1.6.1.1 Size
61 mm (2.4 inches) in diameter and 19.5 mm (0.77 inches) in height
1.6.1.2 Weight
• GPS 18x USB: 3.7 oz (105 g)
• GPS 18x PC: 6.3 oz (180 g)
• GPS 18x LVC-5m (5 meter cable): 5.6 oz (160 g)
• GPS 18x-5Hz (5 meter cable): 5.8 oz (165 g)
1.6.1.3 Color
Black
1.6.1.4 Case Material
Polycarbonate thermoplastic that is waterproof to IEC 60529 IPX7 level (immersion in 1 meter of water for 30
minutes)
1.6.1.5 Cable Length
• GPS 18x USB: 2 meter
• GPS 18x PC: 2 meter
• GPS 18x LVC: 5 meter (Garmin Part Number 010-00321-36)
• Measurement Pulse Output Time: ±1 microsecond at rising edge of the pulse
• Dynamics: 999 knots velocity (only limited at altitude greater than 60,000 feet), 2g dynamics
1.6.4 Interfaces
1.6.4.1 GPS 18x Electrical Characteristics
• GPS 18x USB: USB 2.0 full-speed protocol compatible, as well as USB 1.1 full-speed protocol.
• GPS 18x PC and LVC:
baud.
•GPS 18x-5Hz:
1.6.4.2 Garmin Interface and Garmin USB Protocol
Refer to the Garmin Device Interface Specification found in the Garmin Device Interface SDK for information
about the Garmin Interface and the Garmin USB Protocol. At the time of this printing, this document is located on
the Garmin Web site at:
See
Appendix B: Garmin Binary Output Format for additional information concerning access to binary data from
the GPS 18x USB.
www.garmin.com/support/commProtocol.html.
TIA-232-F (RS-232) compatible asynchronous receiver. Default setting is 4800
TIA-232-F (RS-232) compatible asynchronous receiver. Default setting is 19200 baud.
190-00879-08 GPS 18x Technical Specifications Rev. B
•GPS 18x LVC: 1 Hz pulse with programmable width, configurable in 20 ms increments form 20 ms to 980
ms. See
section 4.1.3 Sensor Configuration Info rmation (PGRMC) for details about configuring the
Measurement Pulse Output (or PPS) feature.
•GPS 18x-5Hz: 5 Hz pulse synchronized with the time of fix. One of the five pulses will align with the UTC
second boundary. The pulse width is programmable from 20 ms to 180 ms. The PGRMC sentence will
indicate which pulse is at the top-of-the-second. See
(PGRMC)
for details about configuring the Measurement Pulse Output (or PPS) feature.
section 4.1.3 Sensor Configuration Information
•1 μs accuracy for all conditions in which the GPS 18x LVC or GPS 18x-5Hz has reported a valid and
accurate position fix for at least the previous 4 seconds.
190-00879-08 GPS 18x Technical Specifications Rev. B
Page 7
2 GPSX 18x LVC & GPS 18x -5Hz WIRING AND PINOUTS
The GPS 18x LVC/18x-5Hz interfaces to a serial port. The unit accepts TIA-232-F (RS-232) level inputs and
transmits voltage levels from ground to the input voltage, TIA-232-F (RS-232) polarity.
The GPS 18x LVC/18x-5Hz wires are terminated with a six-wire connector that is used by Garmin for testing
purposes. You can remove this connector witho ut voiding your warranty (see
section 1.2 Limited Warranty).
2.1 GPS 18x LVC & GPS 18x -5Hz PINOUT
GPS 18x Pin
#
1 Yellow Measurement Pulse Output 28
2 Red Vin 26
3 Black Ground 28
4 White Transmit Data 28
5 Black Ground 26
6 Green Receive Data 28
Color Signal Name Wire Gauge
Table 1: GPS 18x LVC & GPS 18x-5Hz Wire Pinout
2.2 GPS 18x LVC & GPS 18x -5Hz WIRING DIAGRAMS
Figure 1: Computer Serial Port Interconnection
190-00879-08 GPS 18x Technical Specifications Rev. B
Page 8
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