Garmin 155XL TSO Pilot's Guide
GPS 155XL
Pilot’s Guide and Reference
This manual is written for software version 2.04 or above, and is not suitable for
earlier software versions.
© 1999 GARMIN Corporation
GARMIN International, Inc., 1200 East 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062 USA
Tel: 913-397-8200 Fax: 913-397-8282
GARMIN (Europe) LTD, Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park, Romsey, Hampshire S051 9AQ, UK
Tel: 011-44-1794-519944 Fax: 011-44-1794-519222
GARMIN (Asia) Corp., 3rd Fl., No. 1, Lane 45, Pao-Hsing Road, Hsin Tien, Taipei, Taiwan R.O. C.
Tel: 011-886-02-2917-3773 Fax: 011-886-02-2917-1758
INTRODUCTION
Foreword
GARMIN, GPS 155XL, Spell’N’Find, AutoLocate,
PhaseTrac12, and AutoStore are trademarks of
GARMIN and may only be used with permission.
Web Site Address: www.garmin.com
All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording,
for any purpose without the express written permission of GARMIN.
Information in this document is subject to change without notice. GARMIN reserves
the right to change or improve their products and to make changes in the content of this
material without obligation to notify any person or organization of such changes or
improvements.
January 1999 190-00067-20 Rev. B Printed in USA
NavData®is a registered trademark of
Jeppesen, Inc.
All rights reserved.
i
INTRODUCTION
Cautions
NOTE: This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC
limits for Class B digital devices. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if
not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.
If this equipment does cause harmful interference, the
user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by relocating the equipment or connecting the equipment to a different circuit than the affected equipment. Consult an
authorized dealer or other qualified avionics technician for
additional help if these remedies do not correct the problem.
CAUTION
The Global Positioning System is operated by the United States government,
which is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is subject to
changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of all GPS equipment.
Although the GARMIN GPS 155XL is a precision electronic NAVigation AID
(NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted and therefore become
unsafe.
Use the GPS 155XL at your own risk. To reduce the risk of unsafe operation,
carefully review and understand all aspects of this Owner’s Manual and the Flight
Manual Supplement, and thoroughly practice using the simulator mode prior to actual use. When in actual use, carefully compare indications from the GPS 155XL to all
available navigation sources, including the information from other NAVAIDS, visual
sightings, charts, etc. For safety, always resolve any discrepancies before continuing
navigation.
Operation of this device is subject to the following
conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference
received, including interference that may cause undesired
operation.
The GARMIN GPS 155XL does not contain any userserviceable parts. Repairs should only be made by an
authorized GARMIN service center. Unauthorized repairs
or modifications could void your warranty and authority
to operate this device under Part 15 regulations.
ii
The altitude calculated by the GPS 155XL is geometric height above mean sea
level and could vary significantly from altitude displayed by pressure altimeters in aircraft. Never use GPS altitude for vertical navigation.
The Jeppesen database incorporated in the GPS 155XL must be updated regularly
in order to ensure that its information is current. Updates are released every 28 days.
A database information packet is included in your GPS 155XL package.
Pilots using an out-of-date database do so entirely at their own risk.
Accessories & Packing List
Congratulations on choosing the finest, most advanced panel mount IFR
GPS receiver available. The GPS 155XL represents GARMIN’s commitment to provide
an accurate, easy-to-use GPS for all of your aviation needs.
Before installing and getting started with your unit, please check to see that your
package includes the following items. If any parts are missing or damaged, please see
your GARMIN dealer immediately.
Standard Package:
INTRODUCTION
Accessories and
Packing List
• GPS 155XL Unit & NavData® Card
• GPS Antenna
• Installation Rack & Connectors
• Pilot’s Guide & Quick Reference Guide
• Database Subscription Packet
• Warranty Registration Card
Optional Accessories:
• Remote Battery Pack
• AC Adapter
• PC Software/Interface Kit
• User Data Card
• 28 to 14 volt DC converter
• MD-41 External Switch/Annunciator
To obtain accessories for your GPS 155XL,
please contact your nearest GARMIN dealer.
iii
INTRODUCTION
Warranty
To obtain warranty service, see your local dealer
or call the GARMIN Customer Service department
for a returned merchandise tracking number. The
unit should be securely packaged with the tracking
number clearly marked on the outside of the
package, and sent freight prepaid and insured to a
GARMIN authorized warranty service facility.
GARMIN is fully committed to your satisfaction as
a customer. If you have any questions regarding
the GPS 155XL, please contact our customer service department at:
GARMIN International, Inc.
1200 East 151st Street
Olathe, KS 66062-3426
(913) 397-8200
FAX (913) 397-8282
Every GARMIN GPS is built to exacting standards to provide years of trouble-free
service. GARMIN warrants this product to be free from defects in materials and
workmanship for one year from the date of purchase.
GARMIN International, Inc. will at its sole option, repair or replace any
components which fail in normal use. Such repairs or replacement will be made at
no charge to the customer for parts or labor. The customer is, however, responsible
for any transportation costs. This warranty does not cover failures due to abuse,
misuse, accident or unauthorized alteration or repairs. GARMIN International, Inc.
assumes no responsibility for special, incidental, punitive or consequential damages,
or loss of use.
THE WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES CONTAINED HEREIN ARE EXCLUSIVE,
AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY LIABILITY ARISING UNDER WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE. THIS
WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS, WHICH MAY VARY FROM
STATE TO STATE.
iv
PART ONE: INTRODUCTION
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .i
Cautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ii
Accessories/Packing List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iii
Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iv
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v-vi
Key and Knob Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii-viii
GPS 155XL Takeoff Tour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-9
PART TWO: REFERENCE
Section 1: Navigation with the GPS 155XL ( Nkey) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Navigating and planning functions
Section 2: Waypoint and Database Information ( Wkey) . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Finding and using database and waypoint information
Section 3: Nearest Waypoints ( Tkey) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
Finding nearest waypoints, SUAs and FSS/ARTCC frequencies
Section 4: Direct-to ( Dkey) & Route Navigation ( Rkey) . . . . . . . .58
Creating and using routes
Section 5: Approaches, SIDs and STARs ( Rkey) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
Selecting and flying non-precision approaches
INTRODUCTION
Table of Contents
To quickly and easily locate information
on specific tasks, please refer to the Index
on page 130.
Section 6: Messages and Unit Settings ( Mkey) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96
v
INTRODUCTION
Table of Contents
Appendix A: NavData®and User Data Card Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108
Appendix B: Installation and Maintenance of the GPS 155XL . . . . . . .110
Appendix C: Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111
Appendix D: GPS 155XL Messages and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
Appendix E: Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
Appendix F: Map Datums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122
Appendix G: Troubleshooting Q & A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
Appendix H: Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130
vi
B
b
a
T
R
W
Key and Knob Functions
The power/intensity knob controls unit power and display intensity.
The zoom-in key is used to zoom in to the next smaller scale setting when
viewing the map page.
The zoom-out key allows you to zoom out to the next larger scale setting
when viewing the map page.
The nearest key is used to obtain information on the 9 nearest airports,
VORs, NDBs, intersections, user waypoints and 2 nearest FSS/ARTCC
points of communication. The nearest key also accesses any active SUA
information. See Section 3 for more information on the nearest waypoints.
The route key enables you to create, edit, activate and invert routes, and
access approaches, SIDs and STARs. Search-and-rescue, parallel offset and
closest point of approach functions are also performed using the route key.
See Section 4 for more information on routes and Section 5 for more information on approaches, SIDs and STARs.
The waypoint key is used to view information such as runways, frequencies, position and comments on airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections and
user waypoints. See Section 2 for more waypoint information.
INTRODUCTION
Key and Knob
Functions
The GPS 155XL is designed to minimize
keystrokes when performing operations. There are
typically several ways to perform the same operation. In general, using the knobs will decrease keystrokes and time spent using the GPS 155XL.
Experiment to find the most effective way to use
the GPS 155XL to your advantage.
N
The navigation key is used to view navigation and position information.
Planning operations are also performed using this key. See Section 1
for more information on navigation and planning operations.
vii
INTRODUCTION
Key and Knob
Functions
M
D
The message key is used to view system messages and to alert you to
important warnings and requirements. This key is also used to access the
GPS 155XL’s unit settings. See Section 6 for more information on messages
and unit settings.
The direct-to key performs an instant direct-to, allows you to enter a
waypoint, and sets a direct course to the destination. See Section 4.
viii
This manual will describe entering data using
the K and O knobs. Experiment with them and
become efficient in entering data with the concentric knobs. This will greatly reduce the amount of
time required to navigate with the GPS 155XL.
Whenever the GPS 155XL is displaying a list
of information that is too long for the display
screen, the scrolling arrow prompt will indicate
which direction to scroll to view additional information. To scroll through a list (with the cursor
active), simply rotate the outer knob. When the
cursor in not active, use the inner knob to view
additional information.
\
E
C
O
K
The clear key is used to erase information or cancel an entry.
The enter key is used to approve an operation or complete data entry.
It is also used to confirm information, such as during power on.
The cursor key is used to activate/deactivate the cursor on the GPS
155XL’s display. Pressing once will activate the cursor (indicated by highlighted characters on a data field), which is used to highlight fields for data
entry, changing information or cycling through available options. Press a
second time to deactivate the cursor.
The outer knob is used to advance through pages, advance the cursor
or move through data fields.
The inner knob is used to change data or scroll through information that
cannot fit on the screen all at once.
The GARMIN GPS 155XL is a powerful navigational tool that provides pilots with accurate
navigational data, including non-precision approaches, SIDs and STARs. The Takeoff Tour is
designed to familiarize you with the operation of the GPS 155XL, including powering up the unit,
entering data and performing a simple direct-to, and provide a limited introduction to the
‘Nearest’ functions. In addition, this section also briefly covers the position, NAV summary, map
and frequency pages available from the NAV key. These pages will be used for most of your inflight navigation.
The Takeoff Tour assumes that the receiver and antenna have been properly installed
and you have not changed any of the GPS 155XL’s default settings. If you have changed
any of the factory default settings (position format, units of measure, selectable fields, etc.),
the pictures shown here may not match your configuration. Prior to using your GPS
155XL for the first time, we recommend that you taxi to a location that is well away from
buildings and other aircraft so the unit can collect satellite data without interruption.
Powering up the GPS 155XL
The GPS 155XL’s power and display intensity are controlled using the Bknob at the
The welcome page appears when the GPS 155XL
is turned on. During the time this screen is
displayed, the GPS 155XL performs a self test to
ensure proper operation.
bottom left of the unit. Rotating it clockwise will turn unit power on and progressively
increase the display intensity. After turning the unit on, a welcome page will be displayed
while the unit performs a self test.
The database page will appear next, showing the current database information on the
NavData card, with the valid operating dates, cycle number and database type indicated. The
database is updated every 28 days, and must be current for approved approach and IFR operations. Information on database subscriptions is available inside your GPS 155XL package.
To acknowledge the database information:
E key
1. Press the
.
The database confirmation page shows the
effective and expiration dates of the Jeppesen
database on the NavData Card.
TAKEOFF TOUR
Power On
1
TAKEOFF TOUR
Acquiring Satellites
The satellite status page shows the ID numbers for
the satellites and the relative signal strength of
each satellite received. Turn the K knob to view
additional satellites.
Once the database has been acknowledged, the satellite status page will appear,
and the GPS 155XL will begin to collect satellite information. An ‘Acquiring’ status
will be displayed on the satellite status page, and the signal values on the bottom line
of the page will begin displaying numeric values. This is a good indication that you
are receiving signals and satellite lock will occur. Following the first-time use of your
GPS 155XL, the time required for a position fix will vary — usually from one to two
minutes.
If the unit can only obtain enough satellites for 2D navigation (no altitude), the
unit will use the altitude provided by your altitude encoder, if one is connected and
working. If not, you will be prompted to enter the altitude with a ‘Need alt- Press
NAV’ message. If this message occurs, press the Nkey and use the Kand
O
knobs to enter the altitude shown on your altimeter. Press Ewhen finished.
If the GPS 155XL has not been operated for a period of six months or more, it
may have to ‘Search the Sky’ to collect new data. This means the unit is acquiring
satellite data to establish almanac and satellite orbit information, which can take 5 to
10 minutes. The satellite status page will display a ‘Search Sky’ status, and the
message annunciator (U), next to the Mkey, will also flash to alert you of a system
message — ‘Searching the Sky’.
To view a system message
1. Press M.
:
The message page will appear and display the status or warning information
‘Search Sky’ indicates that satellite almanac data
is not available or has expired (if the unit hasn’t
been used for six months or more). The data will
be recollected from the first available satellite.
2
applicable to the receiver’s current operating condition.
To return to the previous page after viewing a message
1. Press Magain.
:
After the GPS 155XL acquires satellites and computes a position, the position page
will appear automatically, and you’ll be informed with ‘Ready for navigation’ on the
message page.
Altitude, MSA or ESA
TAKEOFF TOUR
Position Page
Position (lat/lon)
Reference Waypoint Field
The position page displays your present latitude and longitude, altitude and a reference waypoint field. The altitude and reference waypoint fields are also selectable (see
Section 1 for more information) to allow you to configure the unit to your own preferences. The default settings are:
• Altitude— Your present GPS altitude
• Present Position— Latitude and longitude displayed in degrees/minutes
• Reference Waypoint— The bearing and distance to the nearest airport
The position page is one of seven pages available under the GPS 155XL’s Nkey:
• NAV summary page • Map page
• NAVCOM page • Position page
• Satellite status page • NAV menu 1
• NAV menu 2
During most flights, the position, NAV summary, map and NAVCOM pages will be the
primary pages used for navigation. The pages are accessible by pressing the Nkey and
rotating the outer knob, or by pressing the Nkey repeatedly.
{
The map page combines a moving map display
and navigation data for complete situational
awareness.
The navigation communications (NAVCOM) page
provides a complete list of airport frequencies at
your departure and arrival airports.
3
TAKEOFF TOUR
Direct-To Navigation
NAV Summary Page
The GPS 155XL uses direct point-to-point navigation to guide you from takeoff to
touchdown in the IFR environment. Once a destination is selected, the unit will provide
speed, course and distance data based upon a direct course from your present position
to your destination. A destination can be selected from any page using the D(direct-
to) key.
To select a direct-to destination:
D
1. Press the
key. The NAV summary page will appear with the destination field highlighted.
The NAV summary page without a direct-to
destination or active route appears blank, except
for ground speed (GS) and track (TRK) figures,
if displayed.
2. Rotate the
tion waypoint may be an airport, VOR, NDB, intersection or user waypoint, as long as it is in
the database or stored in memory as a user waypoint.
3. Rotate the
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 to spell out the rest of the waypoint identifier.
5. Press
6. Press
K
knob to enter the first letter of the destination waypoint identifier. The destina-
O
knob to the right to move the cursor to the next character position.
E
to confirm the identifier. The direct-to confirmation page will appear.
E
to confirm the destination.
Once the direct-to destination is confirmed, the NAV summary page will appear
When a destination is selected, the direct-to
confirmation page appears to verify the
destination you selected.
with the destination indicated in the lower left hand corner of the screen. Your present
speed and track over the ground, and the distance and estimated time enroute to your
destination are also displayed. The graphical CDI (course deviation indicator), located at
the top of the screen, displays your position relative to the desired course and provides
4
turn anticipation and waypoint messages during route navigation.
In addition to the destination field and graphical CDI, the GPS 155XL NAV summary page features five selectable fields for various navigation data so that the page may be
configured to your own preferences (see Section 1 for more information). The default
settings for the NAV summary page are:
• Distance (dis)— The distance to your destination in nautical miles
• Ground Speed (gs)— Your present speed over the ground in knots
• Bearing (brg)— The direction from present position to your destination
• Desired Track (dtk)— The course between the ‘from’ and ‘to’ waypoints
• Estimated Time Enroute (ete)— The time to your destination (in hours
and minutes) based upon your present speed and course
The next page available from the Nkey is the map page. The map page combines
the primary navigation information from the NAV summary page – distance to waypoint, ground speed, bearing, desired track and ETE – with a moving map display. The
moving map display shows your current position (using an airplane symbol or a diamond symbol) relative to nearby airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections, user waypoints
and airspace boundaries. Notice that the graphical CDI does not appear on the map
page; the graphical CDI does appear on all other GPS 155XL pages.
The map page can be divided into two main sections:
Map Display
Data
Fields
{
TAKEOFF TOUR
NAV Summary &
Map Pages
NAV summary page with ‘trk’, ‘brg’ and ‘eta’
displayed.
NAV summary page with ‘dtk’, ‘brg’ and ‘trk’
displayed.
5
TAKEOFF TOUR
Map Page
The map display may be oriented along your
ground track (track up), course (desired track up)
or fixed at north up. Desired track up or north up
settings show your present position with a diamond symbol instead of the airplane symbol.
Airspace
Boundaries
Airport Waypoint
Present
Position
The map display occupies the right side of the display. Your present position is indicated by a plane symbol (in track up mode) or a position diamond (in other orientation modes), with your route displayed as a solid line. Nearby airports, navaids and
user waypoints may be depicted on the map—with unique identifying symbols for each
waypoint type. Boundaries for special use and controlled airspaces can also appear on
the map display. You may select which features are shown on the map using the map
setup page (see page 97).
Distance & Bearing
to Waypoint
Destination
Waypoint
GS
ETE
TRK
DTK
Map
Scale
The data fields on the map page indicate distance and bearing to destination way-
Distance and bearing to waypoint, destination
waypoint name and desired track are shown on
the left hand side of the map page. To remove the
data fields that border the map display, press \.
6
point, desired track, ground track, ground speed, time to waypoint and map scale. The
destination waypoint name, bearing to waypoint, distance to waypoint and desired track
appear on the left side of the page. The other data fields are located at the corners of the
map display, as shown in the illustration above, and may be removed by pressing
\.
The map display has 14 available scales from 0.5 to 300 (nautical miles, statute miles or
kilometers) representing the vertical height of the map. The map scale is controlled by
the aandbkeys, with the current scale displayed in the lower right corner.
To select a map scale:
1. Press
to increase the map scale and show a larger area (or turn Kto the right).
a
TAKEOFF TOUR
Map Scales
NAVCOM Page
2. Press
to decrease the map scale and show a smaller area (or turn Kto the left).
b
Another page available under the GPS 155XL’s Nkey is the navigation
communications (NAVCOM) page. It provides you with a complete list of airport fre-
quencies at your departure and arrival airports, allowing convenient selection of frequencies you’ll need along your flight path. If you do not have an active departure airport, the navigation communications page will display the frequencies for the
airport nearest your departure position.
To view the NAVCOM page from the map page, rotate Oone stop to the right.
The NAVCOM page lists your departure and arrival airports on the left side of the
page, with all the database frequencies listed in a column down the right side of the
page. To scroll through the list of frequencies, simply rotate the inner knob (K) in the
direction of the arrow prompts at the bottom left of the page.
Once a direct-to is activated, the NAV summary page will provide navigation to the
destination until the direct-to is cancelled or another direct-to destination is activated.
To cancel a direct-to from the NAV summary page:
1. Press the
2. Press
3. Press
C
key to activate the cursor in the destination field.
\
.
E
.
To change the map scale press
scale or
The NAVCOM page lists the frequencies for your
departure (or nearest) and arrival airports.
to decrease the scale.
b
to increase the
a
7
TAKEOFF TOUR
Nearest Waypoints
The GPS 155XL’s Tkey provides the nine nearest airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections, user waypoints and any SUA (special use airspace) alerts, as well as the two
closest FSS (Flight Service Station) and center (ARTCC) frequencies for your present
position. The nearest waypoint feature is a handy safety feature that may be used to
execute a quick direct-to in case of an in-flight emergency or to review the closest facilities to your present position. The nearest feature can also be used to quickly find the
contact frequency of the nearest airport.
The nearest airport page shows up to nine
nearest airports from your present position.
To view the nine nearest airports
1. Press the Tkey. The nearest airport will be displayed, with the range and bearing from
your present position, along with elevation, frequency and runway data.
2. To review the rest of the nearest airport list, rotate the
To view the nearest list for other waypoint categories (VOR, NDB, etc.)
1. Rotate the Oknob to the right, or press the Tkey repeatedly.
2. Rotate Kto scroll through the list.
:
K
knob to the right.
:
Once the nearest airport (or any other nearest waypoint) page is displayed, the
selected waypoint can be quickly reviewed or selected as a direct-to destination.
To review the selected waypoint from the nearest waypoint list
1. Press Cto activate the waypoint field.
2. Press Eto display the waypoint identification page.
To view additional nearest airports, rotate the
K knob.
8
3. Rotate Oto view any additional waypoint information available.
4. Press Tto return to the nearest waypoint page.
:
To select a nearest waypoint as a direct-to destination
1. Press the Dkey. The direct-to confirmation page for the selected waypoint will appear.
2. Press Eto confirm.
:
Congratulations! You’ve covered the basic operation of the GPS 155XL. We
encourage you to experiment with your new GPS receiver to get to know all the
advanced navigation features it has to offer. If you’d like a little more practice, try
using the built-in simulator described in Appendix C. An optional AC adapter will
even let you plan and simulate flights in the comfort of your home or office.
TAKEOFF TOUR
Nearest Waypoints
Shutting Down
To turn the GPS 155XL off
1. Turn the Bknob to the left until the unit shuts off.
:
NOTE: The GPS 155XL is normally connected to power through the avionics master
switch. With the optional remote battery installed, the unit will display a power down
warning when the master switch is turned off. This warning page features a timer which
will count down from 30 seconds when the unit senses that power is off. After 30 seconds, the GPS 155XL will shut off. If you wish to
continue operating the unit, press
any key during the countdown period, and the GPS 155XL will continue operating
from the backup battery.
To review a nearest waypoint, highlight the identifier and press E.
To select a nearest waypoint as your direct-to
destination, press D and E.
9
SECTION
1
NAV KEY
Overview
Section 1
Navigation Key
The GPS 155XL features seven navigation pages to provide various position,
course, speed, status and planning information. The pages may be viewed by pressing
the Nkey and rotating the outer knob, or by pressing the Nkey repeatedly.
NAV Summary Page
Map Page
NAVCOM Page
NAV Menu 2
Remember! The NAV pages will only display information AFTER the position and navigational information has been calculated from the satellites. If you
are on the position page before the unit has calculated a position, you will be able to enter an approximate position and altitude. This is helpful in speeding
satellite acquisition if the unit has moved a great distance with the power off.
If you are not sure the GPS is actively calculating
position, check the receiver status field for ‘2D NAV’
or ‘3D NAV’ by pressing the N key and rotating
the outer knob until the satellite status page appears.
The current receiver status is displayed at the top left
of the page.
10
The NAV summary, map, NAVCOM and position pages are the primary pages
used during in-flight navigation, while the nav menu and status pages offer access to
planning, calculation and status functions. Note that rotating the outer knob clockwise will continuously cycle through all the nav pages, whereas turning the knob
counterclockwise will stop the page selection sequence at the NAV summary page.
Whenever the Nkey pages are in use, the indicator light (U) next to the
key will illuminate. If the GPS 155XL requires you to enter data on a navigation page,
a message prompt with specific instructions will appear and the indicator will flash. If
you leave the NAV page sequence for another set of pages, the last NAV page displayed will reappear when you return to the nav sequence.
NAV Menu 1
Satellite Status Page
Position Page
N
The GPS 155XL’s NAV summary page provides you with the important informa-
tion needed to navigate directly to your destination. The destination field, located at
the bottom left of the page, displays the current destination waypoint or active route
leg being navigated. If no direct-to destination, route or approach is being navigated,
the destination field will remain blank.
Ground Speed
Messages
or CDI
NAV KEY
NAV Summary Page
SECTION
1
Distance
field
Direction
field
The graphical CDI (course deviation indicator) at the top of the page shows your
position relative to the desired course (the moving D-bar) to the destination waypoint. The TO/FROM arrow in the center of the scale indicates whether you are
heading to (an up arrow) the waypoint or if you have passed the waypoint (a down
arrow). Note that the GPS 155XL always navigates TO a waypoint unless the GPS
SEQ switch is set to the HOLD position, or you have passed the last waypoint in a
route. The default setting of the CDI scale is ‘Auto’. If you are not navigating to a destination, the CDI field will display a ‘No active waypoint’ message, and only speed
and track data will be available. The CDI field is also used to display the GPS 155XL’s
turn anticipation and waypoint alert data during route and approach operations (see
sections 4 and 5).
In addition to displaying your active destination and the course deviation scale,
the NAV summary page features five selectable fields for various distance, direction,
speed and time options. This allows you to configure the NAV summary page to your
preferences. The default settings displayed are distance, ground speed, bearing,
desired track and estimated time enroute.
Destination Field
Time or Direction Field
Direction
field
The TO/FROM arrow indicates whether you are
heading to (an up arrow) the waypoint or if you’ve
passed the waypoint (a down arrow).
‘No Active Waypoint’ appears on the CDI field if
there is no destination waypoint selected using the
D key and no active route.
11
WPT 1
STR L
NORTH
NORTH
WPT 2
BRG
TRK
GS
DIS
AIRPLANE
DTK
The following functions may be displayed in the distance field:
SECTION
1
NAV KEY
Configuring the
NAV Summary Page
• dis— Distance from present position to the ‘active to’ waypoint.
• str— Steer direction and distance, or digital crosstrack error. An ‘L’ or ‘R’
indicates which direction to steer, while the distance value indicates how far you are off course.
The following functions may be displayed in the ground speed field:
• gs— Your present speed over the ground.
• str— Steer direction and distance, or digital crosstrack error. An ‘L’ or ‘R’
indicates which direction to steer, while the distance value indicates how far you are off course.
The following steering functions may be displayed in the direction fields:
• brg— Bearing, the direction from your present position to the waypoint.
• cts— Course to steer to reduce cross track error and re-intercept course.
• dtk— Desired track, the course between the active from and to waypoints.
• trk— Track, the direction of movement relative to the ground.
• trn— Turn, the direction and degrees to turn to get back on course.
The following information can be displayed in the time field:
• eta— Estimated time of arrival (at the active to waypoint).
• ete— Estimated time enroute (to the active to waypoint).
• trk— Track, or the direction of movement relative to the ground.
• vn— Vertical navigation, or VNAV. If VNAV has been activated, this field
indicates either the elapsed time before the VNAV maneuver is to
12
begin or the VNAV altitude (the suggested altitude you should be flying in order to complete the maneuver).
OBS
TO
FR
N
33
30
W
24
21
S
15
12
E
6
3
To change any of the selectable fields on the NAV summary page:
1. Press Cto activate the cursor.
2. Rotate Oto highlight the field you would like to change.
3. Rotate Kto change the field to display the desired information.
4. Rotate Oto highlight another field, or Cto finish.
Destination
Selected
Course
The GPS 155XL’s course select feature allows the pilot to define the inbound course
to, or outbound course from, the ‘active’ waypoint, using an external HSI. Once the
course select function is activated, the selected course will be displayed next to the destination waypoint identifier and the CDI will provide guidance relative to the desired
course. The course select feature is only available during route, approach or direct-to
navigation. For more information on the course select feature and the GPS SEQ switch,
see Section 5.
To set a desired inbound course:
1. Dial the desired course on the HSI.
2. Set the external GPS SEQ switch to the HOLD position.
3. To stop the course select function, set the GPS SEQ switch back to the AUTO position.
NAV KEY
SECTION
NAV Summary
& Course Select
1
GPS SEQ
AUTO HOLD
The GPS 155XL’s course select feature uses the
external GPS SEQ switch, allowing you to dial in
the desired course to or from your destination
directly from your HSI.
13
SECTION
NAV KEY
1
The map page, showing only airports and airspaces on the map display.
The map page, showing airports, airspaces, VORs
and NDBs on the map display.
Map Page
Map Display
Data
Fields
{
The next page available from the GPS 155XL’s Nkey is the map page. The map
page displays your present position, using an airplane symbol (in track up mode) or a
position diamond (in other orientation modes), along with nearby airports, VORs,
NDBs, intersections, user waypoints and airspace boundaries. Note: If the GPS 155XL
is unable to determine a GPS position, the present position symbol will not appear on
the map page.
The map display occupies the right side of the display and shows your position
relative to nearby airports, navaids, user waypoints and airspaces. Different symbols
are used to distinguish between waypoint types. The identifiers for any on-screen
waypoints can also be displayed. Special-use and controlled airspace boundaries
appear on the map, showing the individual sectors in the case of Class B or Class C
airspace. The map display can be configured to display airports, navaids, user waypoints, airspaces only at certain scales or these items may be disabled entirely (see page
95). This allows you to de-clutter the map display at larger scale settings.
The map display can be set to 14 different scale settings (from 0.5 to 300 nautical
miles, statute miles or kilometers) during en route operation; while in terminal or
approach mode 12 different scale settings are available (with the two highest en route
scales disabled). The scale represents the top-to-bottom distance covered by the map
display.
Present
Position
Map Scale
14
To select a map scale:
1. Press
2. Press
An autozoom feature is available which will automatically adjust from an en route
scale of 300 through each lower scale, stopping at a scale of 1 as you approach your
destination waypoint. The autozoom feature is turned on/off from the map setup page
described on page 97.
The orientation of the map may be fixed at ‘north up’ (nrthup), or set to ‘desired
track up’ (dtk up) or ‘track up’ (trk up). The ‘north up’ setting will keep the top of the
map display fixed on north. ‘Track up’ will cause the map to rotate so the top of the
map is the direction you are heading. ‘Desired track up’ keeps the map display fixed
along your desired course. Map orientation is changed on the map setup page
described on page 97.
Navigation data is also provided on the map page to guide you during your flight.
The destination waypoint name, distance & bearing to waypoint, and desired track
(dtk) appear on the left side of the page. Four additional data fields are located at the
corners of the map display (and may be removed by pressing \), as follows:
Ground speed (gs) - upper left corner
Ground track (trk) - lower left corner
Estimated time en route (ETE) - upper right corner
Map scale - lower right corner (cannot be removed)
to increase the map scale and show a larger area (or turn Kto the right).
a
to decrease the map scale and show a smaller area (or turn Kto the left).
b
NAV KEY
SECTION
Map Page
To change the map scale press theakey to
increase the scale or
To remove the North indicator and/or data fields
from the map display, press \.
to decrease the scale.
b
1
15
SECTION
NAV KEY
1
The NAVCOM page lists the frequencies for your
departure (or nearest) and arrival airports in the
following order:
Departure Arrival
• Unicom • ATIS
• ATIS • Approach
• Clearance Delivery • Arrival
• Clearance Pretaxi • TCA
• Ground • TMA
• Tower • CTA
• Multicom • ARSA
• Other • TRSA
• Departure • Tower
• TCA • Multicom
• TMA • Other
• CTA • Ground
• ARSA • Unicom
• TRSA
16
NAVCOM Page
The next page available from the GPS 155XL’s Nkey is the navigation communi-
cations (NAVCOM) page. The NAVCOM page provides a list of the airport frequencies
at your departure and arrival airports, allowing convenient selection of frequencies you’ll
need along your flight path. To scroll through the list of frequencies, rotate the inner
knob (K) in the direction of the arrow prompts at the bottom left of the page.
The frequencies displayed for the departure and arrival airports are listed in the
order you are most likely to use them (see left), with the available frequencies
displayed to the right of the airport identifier. If you do not have an active route with a
departure airport, the NAVCOM page will display the frequencies for the airport nearest
your departure position.
If a frequency has sector or altitude restrictions, the frequency will be followed by a
‘brg?’ indication.
To view restrictions on a frequency:
1. Press Cto activate the cursor.
2. Rotate Oto highlight the ‘brg?’ next to the frequency you wish to view.
E
3. Press
to begin viewing restrictions.
Once you begin viewing restrictions, you can view any additional frequencies for
the selected airport by rotating K. (Note: An arrow prompt displayed next to the airport identifier indicates additional frequencies are available.) You can also view the
other airport information pages by rotating O. Information contained on these pages
is covered in Section 2. To return to the NAVCOM page, press N.
Some frequencies in the NAVCOM page have tags which designate their usage:
‘tx’ – transmit only ‘rx’ – receive only
‘pt’ – part time frequency
The GPS 155XL position page displays the graphical CDI along with your present
latitude and longitude, altitude and a reference waypoint field. The altitude and reference waypoint fields are selectable to configure the page to your own preferences and
current navigation needs.
Altitude, MSA or ESA
Position (lat/lon)
Reference Waypoint Field
An altimeter setting field appears on the position page when you are within 30 nm
of a destination airport. The altimeter setting field allows you to define the current
barometric pressure, which is used by the integrity monitoring to crosscheck altitude.
The altitude field can display either the present altitude, minimum safe altitude
(MSA) or enroute safe altitude (ESA). MSA is the recommended minimum altitude
within a ten mile radius of your present position. ESA is the recommended minimum
altitude within ten miles of your course on an active route or direct-to. MSA and ESA
altitudes are calculated from information contained in the database and generally
include mountains, buildings and other permanent features (see following page).
{
Altimeter Setting
Field
(user-selectable)
NAV KEY
NAVCOM &
Position Pages
NAVCOM page with receive only (rx) frequency
and frequencies with restrictions (brg).
Frequency restrictions on 124.60, showing range
of applicable radials from 130º through 309º.
SECTION
1
17
To change the altitude field:
SECTION
NAV KEY
Position Page &
1
The position page displaying MSA. MSA and ESA
are based on data stored in the NavData card.
This information cannot be solely relied upon as
an absolute measure of safe altitude in your area.
Consult current charts and NOTAMS.
Position page displaying the ‘TOP’ VOR as the reference waypoint. This configuration can be used to
help monitor your distance and radial from a
waypoint of your choice. (Note: the waypoint category is listed as ‘wpt’ rather than ‘VOR’ because
18
the GPS 155XL is not using the nearest VOR.)
Reference Waypoints
The position page also features a reference waypoint field, located at the bottom of
the page, to indicate your bearing and distance from a selected waypoint. The reference
waypoint field can display the following:
During DME arc approach operations, the reference field will automatically display
the DME reference as long as the ‘active to’ waypoint is part of the DME arc.
To change the reference waypoint field to display the nearest airport, VOR, NDB,
intersection, user waypoint or the range and bearing from a user selected waypoint:
If you have selected ‘wpt’:
This allows the distance and bearing from any waypoint to be displayed continuous-
ly, which may be useful when an approach reference is not the closest navaid.
C
1. Press
2. Rotate
3. Rotate
• Range, bearing and identifier from the nearest airport (default), VOR, NDB,
intersection, or user waypoint
• Range, bearing and identifier from a user specified waypoint
1. Press
2. Rotate Oto highlight the category field after the fr.
3. Use Kto choose which waypoint type you would like displayed. (Choose ‘wpt’ if you would
like range and bearing from a specific waypoint to be displayed.)
4. Press
5. Rotate Oto advance the cursor to highlight the identifier field.
6. Use the
airport, VOR, NDB, intersection, or user waypoint.) Press
7. Press Cto confirm the selection.
to obtain a cursor.
O
until the ‘alt/esa/msa’ field is highlighted.
K
to display the desired data. Press Cto return to normal navigation.
C
to activate the cursor.
C
to remove the cursor, or:
K
and Oknobs to enter the identifier name. (This waypoint identifier can be an
E.
The GPS 155XL’s satellite status page provides satellite information to monitor
GPS coverage and receiver performance. This is helpful when you may be experiencing low signal levels due to poor coverage or installation problems.
To view the satellite status page:
1. Press Nand rotate Ountil the satellite status page appears.
NAV KEY
Satellite
Status Page
SECTION
1
CDI
Receiver Status
Satellites in view
Signal strength of
satellite being tracked (1-9)
The top lines of the status page display a graphical CDI, followed by the receiver
status and the current position accuracy in DOP or EPE. The default setting is DOP.
The following functions may be displayed in the DOP/EPE field:
• dop— Dilution of Precision, a measure of the satellite geometry quality
and relative accuracy of your position, with 1 indicating good
geometry and 10 meaning poor.
• epe— Estimated Position Error, an overall measure of your positional
accuracy in feet or meters using signal and data quality, receiver
tracking status and DOP.
Satellite in view
but not receiving signal
EPE/DOP
value
Satellite status page with ‘EPE’ displayed.
Estimated Position Error (EPE) gives an overall
measure of your position accuracy in feet or
meters.
Satellite status page with ‘DOP’ displayed.
Dilution of Precision (DOP) measures relative
accuracy from 1 to 10.
19
To change the DOP/EPE field:
SECTION
1
‘Acquiring’ satellites for navigation. In this case,
the satellites are being received, but the data is
still being collected before a position can be
determined.
‘Searching the Sky’ for satellites. No satellite
almanac data exists in the GPS 155XL. It must
be recollected from the first available satellite.
20
NAV KEY
Receiver
Status Field
1. PressNand rotate Oto display the satellite status page.
2. If the desired field (EPE or DOP) is not displayed, press C.
3. Use Kto change between ‘epe’ and ‘dop’. Press Cto finish.
The receiver status field, located on the second line (left side) of the page, will
display the following messages under the appropriate conditions:
Search Sky - The GPS 155XL is searching the sky for visible satellites. You
will be informed with the message ‘Searching the Sky’.
Acquiring - The GPS 155XL is acquiring satellites for navigation.
2D Nav - The GPS 155XL is in 2D navigation mode. If your installation
does not include an altitude serializer, you must enter the altitude manually (see page 2). ‘2D Dif Nav’ will appear when you
are receiving DGPS corrections in 2D mode.
3D Nav - The GPS 155XL is in 3D navigation mode and will compute
altitude. ‘3D Dif Nav’ will appear when you are receiving DGPS
corrections in 3D mode.
Simulator - The GPS 155XL is in simulator mode, which should only be
used for practice and trip planning. Never use simulator mode
for actual navigation.
Poor Cvrge - The GPS 155XL cannot acquire sufficient satellites for navigation.
Need Alt - The GPS 155XL needs altitude in order to start/continue naviga-
tion. Press Nto display the position page and enter altitude.
Not Usable - The GPS 155XL is unusable due to incorrect initialization or
abnormal satellite conditions. Turn the unit off and on again.
AutoLocate - The GPS 155XL is looking for any satellite whose almanac has
been collected. This process can take up to five minutes.
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