HDDInternal 3.5 inch HDD 160 GB
Power consumption60W (standby: 7.0W)
Recording
Recording formatVideo Recording format (DVD-RW only)
Video format (DVD-RW, DVD-R)
Recordable discsDVD-ReWritable
Video recording format
Sampling frequency
Compression format
Audio recording format
Sampling frequency
Compression format
Tuner
Receivable channelsE2-E69
Input/Output
Video input
Input level
Jacks
S-Video input
Y (Iuminance) - Input level
C (color) - Input level
Jacks
Audio input
During audio input
Jacks
Audio input/output
Jacks21 pin scart jack
Video input/output
Input/Output level
Jacks
S-Video output
Y (Iuminance) - Input/Output level
C (color) - Input/Output level
Jack
Audio output
During audio output
Jacks
Digital audio output
Output level
Jack
VHF/UHF antenna
input/output terminal VHF/UHF set 75Ω
DVD-Recordable
13.5MHz
MPEG
48kHz
Dolby Digital
AV3 (front)
1 Vp-p (75Ω)
RCA jack
AV3 (front)
1 Vp-p (75Ω)
300 mVp-p (75Ω)
4 pin mini DIN
AV3 (front) L/R
2V rms (10kΩ)
RCA jacks
1 Vp-p (75Ω)
21 pin scart jack
1 Vp-p (75Ω)
300 mVp-p (75Ω)
4 pin mini DIN
2V rms (680Ω)
RCA jacks
500 mVp-p (75Ω)
Coaxial pin jack
NOTES:
1. All Items are measured without pre-emphasis unless otherwise specified.
2. Power supply : 220 - 240 V ~ 50 Hz
3. Ambient temperature : 5
°C ~ 40 °C
1-1-1E434ASP
LASER BEAM SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
This DVD player uses a pickup that emits a laser beam.
Do not look directly at the laser beam coming
from the pic kup or allo w it to strike a gainst your
skin.
The laser beam is emitted from the location shown in the figure. When checking the laser diode, be sure to keep
your eyes at least 30 cm away from the pickup lens when the diode is turned on. Do not look directly at the laser
beam.
CAUTION: Use of controls and adjustments, or doing procedures other than those specified herein, may result in
hazardous radiation exposure.
Drive Mechanism Assembly
Laser Beam Radiation
Laser Pickup
Turntable
Location: Inside Top of DVD mechanism.
1-2-1R3PLSP
IMPORTANT SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Product Safety Notice
Some electrical and mechanical parts have special
safety-related characteristic s which are often not evident from visual inspection, nor can the protection
they give necessarily be obtained by replacing them
with components rated for higher voltage, wattage,
etc. Parts that have special s afety characteristics are
identifi ed b y a ! on schematics and in parts lists. Use
of a substitute replacement that does not have the
same safety characteristics as the recommended
replacement part might create shock, fire, and/or other
hazards. The Product’s Safety is under review continuously and new instructions are issued whenever
appropriate. Prior to shipment from the factory, our
products are carefully inspected to confirm with the
recognized product safety and electr ical codes of the
countries in which they are to be sold. However, in
order to maintai n suc h c omp li anc e, it is e qual ly imp or tant to implement the following precautions when a set
is being serviced.
Precautions during Servicing
A. Parts identified by the ! symbol are critical for
safety. Replace only with part number specified.
B. In addition to safety, other parts and assemblies
are specified for conformance with regulations
applying to spur ious radi ation. Thes e must also be
replaced only with specified replacements.
Examples: RF conver ters, RF cables, noise blocking capacitors, and noise blocking filters, etc.
C. Use specified internal wiring. Note especially:
1)Wires covered with PVC tubing
2)Double insulated wires
3)High voltage leads
D. Use specified insulating materials for hazardous
live parts. Note especially:
1)Insulation tape
2)PVC tubing
3)Spacers
4)Insulators for transistors
E. When replacing AC primary side components
(transformers, power cord, etc.), wrap ends of
wires securely about the terminals before soldering.
F. Observe that the wires do no t co ntac t he at prod uc -
ing parts (heatsink s, oxide metal film resist ors, fusible resistors, etc.).
G. Check that replaced wires do not contact sharp
edges or pointed parts.
H. When a power cord has b een replac ed, check that
5 - 6 kg of force in any direction will not loosen it.
I. Also check areas surrounding repaired locations.
J. Be careful that foreign objects (screws, solder
droplets, etc.) do not remain inside the set.
K. Crimp type wire connector
The power transformer uses crimp type connectors
which connect the power cord and the primary side
of the transformer. When replacing the transformer,
follow these steps carefully and precisely to prevent shock hazards.
Replacement procedure
1)Remove the old connector by cutting the wires at a
point close to the connector.
Important: Do not re-use a connector. (Discard it.)
2)Strip about 15 mm of the insu lation from the ends
of the wires. If the wires are stranded, twist the
strands to avoid frayed conductors.
3)Align the lengths of the wires to be connected.
Insert the wires fully into the connector.
4)Use a crimping tool to crimp the metal sleeve at its
center. Be sure to crimp fully to the comp lete closure of the tool.
L. When connecting or disconnecting the internal
connectors, first, disconne ct the AC plug from the
AC outlet.
1-3-1DVD_SFNP
Safety Check after Servicing
Examine the area surrounding the repaired location
for damage or deterioration. Observe that screws,
parts, and wires have been returned to their original
positions. Afterwards, do the following tests and confirm the specified values to verify compliance with
safety standards.
1. Clearance Distance
When replacing primary circuit components, confirm
specified clearance dista nce (d) and (d’) between soldered terminals, and between terminals and surrounding metallic parts. (See Fig. 1)
Table 1 : Ratings for selected area
AC Line VoltageClearance Distance (d), (d’)
220 to 240 V
Note: This table is unofficial and for reference only.
Be sure to confirm the precise values.
2. Leakage Curre nt Test
≥3 mm(d)
≥6 mm(d’)
Chassis or Secondary Conductor
Primary Circuit
d'd
Fig. 1
Exposed Accessible Part
Confirm the specified (or lower) leakage current
between B (earth ground, power cord plug prongs)
and externally exposed accessible parts (RF terminals, antenna terminals, video and audio input and
output terminals, microphone jacks, earphone jacks,
etc.) is lower than or equal to the specified value in the
table below.
Measuring Method (Power ON) :
Insert load Z between B (earth ground, power cord
plug prongs) and exposed accessible parts. Use an
AC voltmeter to measure across t he ter minals of l oad
Z. See Fig. 2 and the following table.
Table 2: Leakage current ratings for selected areas
AC Line VoltageLoad ZLeakage Current (i)
220 to 240 V
2kΩ RES.
Connected in
parallel
50kΩ RES.
Connected in
parallel
i≤0.7mA AC Peak
i≤2mA DC
i≤0.7mA AC Peak
i≤2mA DC
Z
One side of
B
Power Cord Plug Prongs
One side of power cord plug
AC Voltmeter
(High Impedance)
prongs (B) to:
RF or
Antenna terminals
A/V Input, Output
Fig. 2
Note: This table is unofficial and for reference only. Be sure to confirm the precise values.
1-3-2DVD_SFNP
STANDARD NOTES FOR SERVICING
Circuit Board Indications
1. The output pin of the 3 pin Regu lator ICs is indicated as shown.
Top View
Input
Out
2. F or other ICs, pin 1 and every fifth pin are indicated
as shown.
In
Pin 1
3. The 1st pin of every m ale con nec to r is ind icate d as
shown.
Bottom View
5
10
Pb (Lead) Free Solder
When soldering, be sure to use the Pb free solder.
How to Remove / Install Flat Pack-IC
1. Removal
With Hot-Air Flat Pack-IC Desoldering Machine:.
(1)Prepare the hot-air flat pack-IC desoldering
machine, then apply hot air to the Flat Pack-IC
(about 5 to 6 seconds). (Fig. S-1-1)
Fig. S-1-1
Pin 1
Instructions for Connectors
1. When you connect or disconnect the FF C (Flexible
Foil Connector) cable, be sure to first disconnect
the AC cord.
2. FFC (Flexible Foil Connector) cable should be
inserted parallel into the connector, not at an angle.
FFC Cable
Connector
CBA
(2)Remove the flat pack-IC with tweezers while apply-
ing the hot air.
(3)B ottom of the flat pack-IC is fixed with glue to the
CBA; when removing entire flat pack-IC, first apply
soldering iron to c ent er of the fla t pack-IC and hea t
up. Then remove (glue will be melted). (Fig. S-1-6)
(4)Rel ease the flat pack-IC from the CBA using twee-
zers. (Fig. S-1-6)
Caution:
1. The Flat Pack-IC shape may differ by models. Use
an appropriate hot-air flat pack-IC desoldering
machine, whose shape matches that of the Flat
Pack-IC.
2. Do not supply hot air to the chi p parts aro und the
flat pack-IC for over 6 seconds because damage to
the chip parts may occur. Put masking tape around
the flat pack-IC to protect other parts from damage.
(Fig. S-1-2)
* Be careful to avoid a short circuit.
1-4-1DVD_NOTE
3. The flat pack-IC on the CBA is affixed with glue, so
be careful not to break or dama ge the foil of each
pin or the solder lands under the IC when removing
it.
Hot-air
Flat Pack-IC
Desoldering
Machine
CBA
With Soldering Iron:
(1)Using desoldering braid, remove the solder from all
pins of the flat pack-IC. When you use sol der flux
which is applied to all pins of the flat pack-IC, you
can remove it easily . (Fig. S-1-3)
Flat Pack-IC
Desoldering Braid
Masking
Tape
Tweezers
Flat Pack-IC
Fig. S-1-2
Soldering Iron
Fig. S-1-3
(2) Lift each lead of the flat pack-IC upward one by
one, using a sharp pi n or wire to which solder will
not adhere (iron wire). W hen heating th e pins, use
a fine tip soldering iron or a hot air desoldering
machine. (Fig. S-1-4)
Sharp
Pin
Fine Tip
Soldering Iron
Fig. S-1-4
(3)B ottom of the flat pack-IC is fixed with glue to the
CBA; when removing entire flat pack-IC, first apply
soldering iron to c ent er of the fla t pack-IC and hea t
up. Then remove (glue will be melted). (Fig. S-1-6)
(4)Rel ease the flat pack-IC from the CBA using twee-
zers. (Fig. S-1-6)
With Iron Wire:
(1)Using desoldering braid, remove the solder from all
pins of the flat pack-IC. When you use sol der flux
which is applied to all pins of the flat pack-IC, you
can remove it easily . (Fig. S-1-3)
(2) Affix the wire to a workbench or solid mounting
point, as shown in Fig. S-1-5.
(3) While heating the pins using a fine tip soldering
iron or hot air blower, pull up the wire as the solder
melts so as to l ift the IC leads from the CBA contact pads as shown in Fig. S-1-5.
1-4-2DVD_NOTE
(4)Bo ttom of the flat pack-IC is fixed with glue to the
CBA; when removing entire flat pack-IC, first apply
soldering iron to cente r o f the fl at p ack-IC and h eat
up. Then remove (glue will be melted). (Fig. S-1-6)
(5)Rel ease the fla t pack-IC from the C BA us ing twee -
zers. (Fig. S-1-6)
Note:
When using a solder ing iron, care must be taken
to ensure that the fl at pack-IC i s not bein g held by
glue. When the flat pack-IC is removed from the
CBA, handle it gentl y b ec ause i t m ay be dama ged
if force is applied.
2. Installation
(1) Using desoldering braid, remove the solder from
the foil of each pin of the flat pack-IC on the CBA
so you can install a repla cement flat p ack-IC more
easily.
(2) The “I” mark on the flat pack-IC indicates pin 1.
(See Fig. S-1-7.) Be sure this mar k matches the 1
on the PCB when p ositioning for install ation. Then
presolder the four corn ers of the flat pack-IC. (See
Fig. S-1-8.)
(3)Solder all pins of the flat pack-IC. Be sure that none
of the pins have solder bridges.
To Solid
Mounting Point
CBA
Hot Air Blower
Iron Wire
Soldering Iron
Fig. S-1-5
Fine Tip
Soldering Iron
Example :
or
Pin 1 of the Flat Pack-IC
is indicated by a " " mark.
Fig. S-1-7
Presolder
Flat Pack-IC
CBA
Fig. S-1-8
Tweezers
Flat Pack-IC
Fig. S-1-6
1-4-3DVD_NOTE
Instructions for Handling
Semi-conductors
Electrostatic breakdown of the semi-conductors may
occur due to a potenti al difference caused by electrostatic charge during unpacking or repair work.
1. Ground for Human Body
Be sure to wear a groundi ng ban d (1M Ω) that is properly grounded to remove any static electr icity that may
be charged on the body.
2. Ground for Workbench
(1)Be sure to place a conductive sheet or copper plate
with proper grounding ( 1MΩ) on the wor kbench or
other surface, where the semi-conductors are to be
placed. Because the static electricity charge on
clothing will not escap e through the body grounding band, be care ful to avoid contacting semi-con ductors with your clothing.
< Incorrect >
< Correct >
1MΩ
CBA
Grounding Band
1MΩ
CBA
Conductive Sheet or
Copper Plate
1-4-4DVD_NOTE
HANDLING PRECAUTIONS FOR HDD
CAUTION:
1. SHOCK
a. Exposing HDD to shock may be the biggest
damaging factor. Please note that HDD is easily
damaged even if dropped from any height. Be sure
to place HDD on a shock-absorbent mat. Also, be
careful when transporting HDD.
b. Be careful not to subject HDD to any shock when
tightening screws for HDD replacement.
(Tighten screws manually, not with an electric
driver.)
2. MOISTURE
a. Moisture may also be a damaging factor. HDD is
semiclosed style. Sudden changes in ambient
temperature may cause moisture to form. Monitor
temperature and do not allow moisture to form on
the media surface. Also, when opening HDD
package, do so only after package is at ambient
temperature.
b. After replacing HDD, leave it to reach room
temperature (about 2 hours) for preventing dew
internal condensation, and then work necessary
task such as operation check.
4. OTHERS
a. Be careful so as not to do the followings.
Otherwise, HDD might be damaged.
- DO NOT disassemble HDD.
- When handling HDD, be sure to hold both sides
securely.
b. HDD should be stored, packed in the protective
bag, in suitable surroundings (i.e., no extreme
changes in temperature to avoid condensation).
c. When transporting HDD, be sure to use the
exclusive packing case (the replacement HDD
carton).
d. Do not stack HDDs.
e. Do not place vertically because HDD is unstable
and easy to fall.
3. STATIC ELECTRICITY
a. After removing HDD or taking replacement HDD
out of the protective bag (the replacement HDD is
packed in a protective bag), place HDD on a
conductive surface. A grounding band should be
worn when handling.
Grounding Band
Both the conductive surface and grounding band
should be grounded.
b. Make sure that HDD is placed on main unit
completely and then let go of it, when assembling.
c. Do not put HDD on a packing bag. (for preventing
electrostatic damage)
1-5-1DHD_SN
PREPARATION FOR SERVICING
How to Enter the Service Mode
About Optical Sensors
Caution:
An optical sensor system is used for the Tape Start
and End Sensors on this equipment. Carefully read
and follow the instructions below. Otherwise the unit
may operate erratically.
What to do for preparation
Insert a tape into the Deck Mechanism Asse mbly and
press [VCR PLAY] button. The tape will be loaded into
the Deck Mechanism Assembly. Make sure the power
is on, connect TP501 (S-INH) to GND. This will stop
the function of Tape Start Sensor, Tape End Sensor
and Reel Sensors. (If these TPs ar e c on nected before
plugging in the unit, the function of the sensors will
stay valid.) See Fig. 1.
Q503
TP501
S-INH
Note: Because the Tape End Sensors are inactive, do
not run a tape al l t he way to the start or the end of the
tape to avoid tape damage.
Q504
Fig. 1
1-6-1E434APFS
CABINET DISASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS
1. Disassembl y Flowchart
This flowchart indicates the disassembly steps to gain
access to item(s) t o be se rviced. Wh en re as se mbling,
follow the steps in reverse order. Bend, route, and
dress the cables as they were originally.
[1] T op Cover
[2] Front
Assembly
[21] Front
Bracket R
[22] Bracket R
[13] Power
Supply CBA
[14] SW CBA
[15] Front
Jack CBA
[3] Front
Bracket
[4] HDD
Assembly
[5] DVD
Mechanism &
DVD/HDD Main
CBA Assembly
[10] Fan
Holder
[11] Fan Motor
[6] HDD
Bracket
[7] HDD Unit
[8] HDD
Support
[9] ATA CBA
ID/
LOC.
No.
[6]
PART
HDD
Bracket
REMOVE/*UNHOOK/
Fig.
UNLOCK/RELEASE/
No.
UNPLUG/DESOLDER
Note
D44(S-7)---
[7]HDD UnitD44(S-8), HDD Rubber
REMOVAL
HDD
[8]
Support
D4Insulation Sheet---
[9]ATA CBAD4*CN3001, *CN3002--[10] Fan HolderD52(S-9)--[11] Fan MotorD5*CN1002--[12] Rear PanelD55(S-10), 2(S-11)---
Power
[13]
Supply
D6*CL1001, 4(S-12)---
CBA
[14] SW CBAD6(S-13), Desolder---
Front Jack
[15]
CBA
D6*CN3001, 2(S-14)---
2-1
2-2
2-3
[12] Rear
Panel
[16] VCR
Chassis Unit
[17] Deck
Assembly
[18] AV CBA,
AFV CBA
[20] Deck
Pedestal
[19] Power
SW CBA
2. Disassembl y Method
ID/
LOC.
No.
PART
Fig.
No.
[1]Top CoverD17(S-1)---
Front
[2]
[3]
[4]
Assembly
Front
Bracket
HDD
Assembly
DVD
D2(S-2), *5(L-1), *3(L-2)
D2
D3
Mechanism
[5]
&
DVD/ HDD
D3
Main CBA
Assembly
REMOVAL
REMOVE/*UNHOOK/
UNLOCK/RELEASE/
UNPLUG/DESOLDER
2(S-3), 3( S- 3B ), Front
Support
3(S-4), *CN201,
*CN1003
2(S-5), 2(S-6),
*CN1001, *CN1504,
Wiresheet
Note
1
1-1
1-2
1-3
---
---
2
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
[21]
VCR
ChassisUnit
Deck
Assembly
AV CBA,
AFV CBA
Power SW
CBA
Deck
Pedestal
Front
Bracket R
5(S-15), 4(S-16),
D7
(S-17)
(S-18), (S-19)
D8
Desolder
---
D8-------------
D8Desolder---
D98(S-20)---
D9(S-21)---
[22] Bracket RD92(S-22)---
↓
(1)
↓
(2)
↓
(3)
↓
(4)
(5)
Note:
(1):Identification (location) No. of parts in the figures
(2):Name of the part
(3):Figure Number for reference
(4):Identification of parts to be removed, unhooked,
unlocked, released, unplugged, unclamped, or
desoldered.
P=Spring, L=Locking Tab, S=Screw,
CN=Connector
*=Unhook, Unlock, Release, Unplug, or Desolder
e.g. 6(S-1) = six Screws (S-1),
5(L-1) = five Locking Tabs (L-1)
(5):Refer to “Reference Notes.”
3
4
↓
1-7-1E434ADC
Reference Notes
1. Locking T abs (L-1) and (L-2) are fragile. Be careful
not to break them.
1-1. Remove Screw (S-2).
1-2. Release five Locking Tabs (L-1).
1-3. Release three Locking Tabs (L-2) and
remove the Front Assembly.
2. Do not replace the DVD Mechanism or the DVD/
HDD Main CBA Assembly separately, when
replacing the DVD Mechanism & DVD/HDD Main
CBA Assembly. Order the new DVD Mechanism &
DVD/HDD Main CBA Assembly.
2-1. Whenever you have replaced the HDD unit,
initialize the HDD unit. To initialize the HDD
unit, perform the following.T o put the DVD/
VCR with HDD recorder into the HDD mode,
press the [HDD] button on the remote control
unit.
2-2. To put the DVD/VCR with HDD recorder into
the self-check mode, after pressing
[VARIABLE SKIP] button, press the [3], [6],
and [9] buttons on the remote control in that
order within three seconds.
2-3. Press [ENTER] button. The DVD/VCR with
HDD recorder is initialized and the power is
turned off automatically after two seconds.
3. When reassembling, solder wire jumpers as
shown in Fig. D8.
4. Before installing the Deck Assembly, be sure to
place the pin of LD-SW on the AV CBA as shown
in Fig. D8. Then, install the Deck Assembly while
aligning the hole of Cam Gear with the pin of LDSW, the shaft of Cam Gear with the hole of LD-SW
as shown in Fig. D8.
(S-3B)
(S-3B)
Front
Support
(S-3B)
(L-1)
(S-2)
(L-2)
[5] DVD Mechanism &
DVD/HDD Main CBA
Assembly
Wire
Sheet
(S-6)
CN201
(S-6)
[3] Front Bracket
(S-3)
(L-1)
[2] Front
Assembly
(L-1)
Fig. D2
[4] HDD Assembly
(S-4)
(S-4)
(S-5)
CN1504
CN1003
[1] T op Cover
(S-1)
(S-1)
(S-1)
(S-1)
(S-1)
Fig. D1
CN1001
Fig. D3
1-7-2E434ADC
CN3002
[9] ATA CBA
[7] HDD Unit
(S-7)
[8] HDD
Support
HDD Rubber
CN3001
(S-7)
HDD Rubber
Insulation Sheet
[14] SW CBA
(S-13)
Desolder
(S-14)
CN3001
[15] Front Jack CBA
(S-12)
CL1001
[13] Power
Supply CBA
(S-8)
(S-11)
(S-10)
[12] Rear Panel
CN1002
(S-8)
[6] HDD Bracket
Fig. D4
(S-10)
(S-11)
(S-9)
[11] Fan
Motor
[10] Fan Holder
Fig. D5
(S-15)
[16] VCR
Chassis
Unit
(S-17)
(S-15)
(S-16)
Fig. D6
(S-16)
(S-15)
(S-16)
Fig. D7
1-7-3E434ADC
FE Head
[17] Deck
Assembly
Cylinder
Assembly
[18] AFV
CBA
ACE Head
Assembly
Pin
Pin
SW507
LD-SW
[19] Power
SW CBA
(S-18)
Lead with
blue stripe
Desolder
[18] AV CBA
(S-19)
From
ACE Head
Assembly
[18] AV CBA
[17] Deck Assembly
Shaft
Hole
LD-SW
From
FE Head
From
Cylinder
Assembly
Cam Gear
Hole
Pin
[18] AV CBA
From
Capstan
Motor
Assembly
Printing side
Lead with
blue stripe
Desolder
Desolder
Desolder
BOTT OM VIEW
Lead connections of Deck Assembly and AV CBA
1-7-4E434ADC
Lead with
gray stripe
Fig. D8
(S-20)
(S-20)
[20] Deck Pedestal
[21] Front Bracket R
[22] Bracket R
(S-22)
(S-21)
Fig. D9
3. How to Eject Manually
Note: When rotating the gear, be careful not to damage the gear.
1. Remove the Top Cover.
2. Rotate the gear in the direction of the arrow manually as shown below.
Rotate this gear in
the direction of the arrow
A
View for A
1-7-5E434ADC
ELECTRICAL ADJUSTMENT INSTRUCTIONS
General Note: "CBA" is an abbreviation for
"Circuit Board Assembly."
NOTE:
1.Electri cal adjustm ents are re quired after re placing
circuit components and certain mechanical par ts.
It is impor tant to do these adjustments only after
all repairs and replacements have been completed. Also, do not attempt these adjustments
unless the proper equipment is available.
2.To perform these alignmen t / confir mation procedures, make sure that the tracking control is set in
the center position: Press either [PROG. L5??] or
[PROG. K] button on the front pan el fir st, then the
[VCR PLAY] button on the front panel.
Test Equipment Required
1.Oscilloscope: Dual-trace with 10:1 probe,
V-Range: 0.001~50V/Div.,
F-Range: DC~AC-20MHz
2.Alignment Tape (FL6A)
Head Switching Position Adjustment
Figure 1
EXT. Syncronize Trigger P oint
CH1
CH2
Reference Notes:
Playback the Alignment tape and adjust VR501 so that
the V-sync front edg e of the CH1 video out put waveform is at the 6.5H±1H (416µs±64µs) delayed position
from the rising edge o f the CH2 head switching pulse
waveform.
1.0H
6.5H±1H (416µs±64µs)
Switching Pulse
0.5H
V-Sync
Purpose:
To determine the Hea d Switching position during
playback.
Symptom of Misadjustment:
May cause Head Switching n oise or vertical jitter
in the picture.
Test pointAdj.PointModeInput
J340(JK2-V-OUT)
TP504(RF-SW)
GND
Tape
FL6AOscilloscope
Connections of Measurement Equipment
Main CBA
TP504
VR501
(Switching Point)
(MAIN CBA)
Measurement
Equipment
J340
GND
PLAY
(SP)
Spec.
6.5H±1H
(416µs±64µs)
Oscilloscope
-----
CH1 CH2
Trig. (+)
1-8-1E434AEA
HOW TO SELF-CHECK AND INITIALIZE THE DVD/VCR WITH HDD
1. Turn on the DVD/VCR with HDD recorder.
2. To put the DVD/VCR with HDD recorder into the HDD mode, press [HDD] on the remote control unit.
3. To put the DVD/VCR with HDD recorder into the self-check mode, after pressing [VARIABLE SKIP] button,
press the [3], [6], and [9] buttons on the remote control in that order within three seconds.
Fig. a appears on the screen and all LEDs light.
"
" differs depending on the models.
*******
Self-Analysys and Report
*1
*2
*3
DVD CONNECT STATUS :
HDD CONNECT STATUS :
HDD POWER ON HOURS :
*4
*5
*6
BE Ver. :
FE Ver. :
Sub Micon Ver. :
T2*******Q2J
R20_0**_***h
NFQ2***T1-3N11
Fig. a: Self-Check Mode Screen
Table 1: Description of Fig. a
INDICATIONDESCRIPTION
DVD CONNECT STATUS (*1)Connecting Condition of DVD(F/E)
HDD CONNECT STATUS (*2)Connecting Condition of HDD
Value of HDD power on hours obtained from S.M.A.R.T. command. (If not obtainable,
HDD POWER ON HOURS (*3)
value of HDD power on hours is “0”.)
Value in parentheses is the factory setting value. (If no setting, the value is “0”.)
BE Ver. (*4)B/E version
FE Ver. (*5)F/E version
Sub Micon Ver. (*6)Sub micro controller version
4. Upon the self-check completion, Fig. b appears on the screen.
"
" differs depending on the models.
*******
Self-Analysys and Report
*7
*8
DVD CONNECT STATUS : OK
HDD CONNECT STATUS : OK
HDD POWER ON HOURS : 100(40)
*10
BE Ver. :
FE Ver. :
Sub Micon Ver. :
*9
FACTORY DEFAULT :
POWER OFF :
T2*******Q2J
R20_0**_***h
NFQ2***T1-3N11
ENTER
POWER
Fig. b: Screen of Finishing Self-Check Mode
1-9-1E434AINT
Table 2: Indication of DVD self-check (*7)
INDICATIONDESCRIPTION
OKConnection of DVD is normal.
NOT FOUNDDVD drive cannot be found.
CABLE ERROR
FFC cable (connecting to CN401) between the DVD drive and the DVD/HDD Main CBA is
not connected correctly.
Table 3: Indication of HDD self-check (*8)
INDICATIONDESCRIPTION
OKConnection of HDD is normal.
NOT FOUNDHDD drive cannot be found.
CABLE ERRORFFC cable between the ATA CBA and the HDD drive is not connected correctly.
Table 4: Availab le button in self-check mode
BUTTONDESCRIPTION
ENTER (*9)Initialize (only when the self-check mode is complete)
STANDBY-ON (*10)Turn the power off (when the self-check mode is complete)
OTHERNot available
5. When the self-check mode is complete, press [STANDBY-ON] button to turn the power off.
When initializing the DVD/VCR with HDD recorder, press [ENTER] button. Fig. c appears on the screen. After
two seconds, the power is turned off automatically.
"
" differs depending on the models.
*******
Self-Analysys and Report
DVD CONNECT STATUS : OK
HDD CONNECT STATUS : OK
HDD POWER ON HOURS : 100(40)
BE Ver. :
FE Ver. :
Sub Micon Ver. :
FACTORY DEFAULT :*11WRITING
T2*******Q2J
R20_0**_***h
NFQ2***T1-3N11
Fig. c: Initialize Mode Screen
Table 5: Description of *11 in Fig. c
INDICATIONDESCRIPTION
ENTERInitialization preparation is complete.
WRITINGInitializing
OKInitializing is finished normally.
NGInitializing is not finished normally.
NOTE: When initializing, “Current Clock”, “Setup Changing Item”, “Channel Setup”, “Area Setup”, “Program” and
“HDD Contents” are initialized.
1-9-2E434AINT
FIRMWARE RENEWAL MODE
1. Update Contents
ItemStatus
1B/EUpdate B/E FIRMWARE
2F/EUpdate F/E FIRMWARE
2. Update
1. Turn the power on and remove the disc in the tray.
2. To switch the DVD/VCR with HDD recorder into
the HDD mode, press [HDD] on the remote control
unit.
3. To put the DVD/VCR with HDD recorder into
version up mode, press [VARIABLE SKIP] and [6],
[5], [4] buttons on the remote control unit in that
order within 3 seconds. The tray will open
automatically.
Fig. a appears on the TV screen and Fig. b
appears on the VFD.
*FIRMWARE version will differ depending on the
model. Fig. a is an example.
DISC UPDATE
4. Load the update disc.
The TV screen will display Fig. c.
- If the update disc contains only a single file, the
update will initiate automatically when the disc is
inserted.
*FIRMWARE version will differ depending on the
model. Fig. c is an example.
DISC UPDATE
<DIR> BE
<DIR> FE
Fig. c: Update Disc TV Screen
Effective FIRMWA RE update files will have the file
extensions shown below.
File extensionStatus
BINB/E FIRMWARE file
Please Insert F/W Disc
Fig. a: Update Mode TV Screen
Fig. b: VFD Display in Update Mode
MOTF/E FIRMWARE file
5. Select the desired FIRMWARE to be updated with
the arrow button and press the [ENTER] button.
FIRMWARE will automatically select the
appropriate F/E or B/E version.
Fig. d appears on the TV screen and Fig. e
appears on the VFD, and the update will start.
*FIRMWARE version will differ depending on the
model. Fig. d is an example.
DISC UPDATE
*1
TARGET: B/E
*2
STATUS: EXECUTING
DISC UPDATING xx% Complete
Fig. d: TV Display during update
The status displayed in *1 is as shown below.
DisplayStatus
B/EFIRMWARE B/E
F/EFIRMWARE F/E
UNKNOWNNot FIRMWARE B/E or F/E
1-10-1E434AFW
The status di splayed in *2 is as shown below.
DisplayStatus
EXECUTING
Loading F/W from Update Disc or
writing to Flash memory
OKUpdate successful
ERRORError during Flash memory writing
FILE ERRORCheck SAM error in F/W file
READ ERROR Error during F/W file reading
Fig. e: VFD Display during update
Re: the VFD display shown in Fig. e.
When the TV screen displays "Firmware
Updating... XX% Complete," the VFD will indicate
"XX"%.
6. When completing update, the tray will open
automatically.
The TV screen will display Fig. f.
*FIRMWARE version will differ depending on the
model. Fig. f is an example.
3. How to Verify the Firmware
Version
1. Turn the power on and remove the disc in the tray.
2. To switch the DVD/VCR with HDD recorder into
the HDD mode, press [HDD] on the remote control
unit.
3. Press [VARIABLE SKIP] and [1], [2], [3] buttons on
the remote control unit in that order within 3
seconds. The Firmware version appears on the TV
screen.
4. Press [STANDBY-ON] button to reset the unit.
DISC UPDATE
TARGET: B/E
STATUS: OK
DISC UPDATING 100% Complete
PLEASE PUSH POWER BUTTON
Fig. f: TV Display when completing update
If the update is completed correctly, the VFD will
indicate Fig. g.
Fig. g: VFD Display when completing update
Fig. h VFD Display when completing update with error
In this case, all button operations will be invalid
except [STANDBY-ON] button.
7. Press [STANDBY-ON] button to turn the power off
and press [STANDBY-ON] button again to turn the
power on and finish updating.
1-10-2E434AFW
FUNCTION INDICATOR SYMBOLS
< VCR Section >
Note:
If a mechanical malfunction occurs, the power is turned off. The following symbols will appear on the display.
StatusDisplay
When reel or capstan mechanism is not
functioning correctly
When tape loading mechanism is not
functioning correctly
When cassette loading mechanism is not
functioning correctly
When the drum is not working properly
P-ON+5V Power safety detection
“W” blinks.
Fan does not rotate over 30 seconds.
When the power comes on again after that by pressing [S TANDBY-ON] button, an error message is disp layed on
the TV screen as follows.
When reel or capstan mechanism is not functioning
correctly
A
R
SP 0:00:00
When tape loading mechanism is not functioning
correctly
A
T
SP 0:00:00
“W” light and “R” blinks.
When the drum is not working properly
A
D
SP 0:00:00
Fig. 1
P-ON+5V Power safety detection
A
P
SP 0:00:00
Fig. 4
Fig. 2
When cassette loading mechanism is not functioning
correctly
A
C
SP 0:00:00
Fig. 3
Fig. 5
1-11-1E434AFIS
< DVD/HDD Section >
Note: If an error occurs, a message with the error number appears on the screen.
This code is output w h en t here is a c on t rol information writing failure
due to tray being open during writing or disc loading.
This code is output upon attempt to write data (fi nalizing disc protect
data, etc.) on a disc including a still picture.
This code is output when recording error caused by media error
occurs, e.g.,stopping recording during attempting to record on a
scratched disc.
This code is output when tray open/close error occurs. Also, when
the tray open error occurs at F/E and when the recovery fails even if
the B/E retries.
This code is output when a DVD operation error occurs during
copying.
This code is output when a chip (EMMA) outputs unusual data while
recording and the control information writing fails.
This code is output when video writing fails while copying at high
speed.
This code is output when a number of errors occur:
Ex.1) When Outplay list creation fails.
Ex.2) When the system can’t take the title information which should
be written on the disc.
Ex3) When starting to copy, recording is paused and restarted but,
after the recording pause, recording start fails.
This code is output when an HDD operation error occurs (HDD
recording error), while copying at high speed or constant speed.
This code is output when recording is attempted on a non recordable disc such as a CD or DVD-ROM.
This code is output when an error occurs er asi ng ent ire VR playlist,
HDD playlist or HDD originals.
This code is output when protected pre-existing information that
should be on a disc is missing (VR disc protection error).
This code is output when HDD formatting occurs in maintenance
mode.
This code is output when a [PLAY], [ST OP], [REC], [MENU] or [LIST ]
button is pressed while HDD is not functional.
This code is output when, during dubbing from HDD or DVD to VCR,
playback cannot be initiated or playback cannot be discontinued.
This code is output when a VCR mechanism abnormality occurs.
After the error message is displayed, the power turns off.
This code is output when fan locking (over 30 seconds) is detected.
After the error message is displayed, the power turns off.
This code is output when an F/E hang-up event occurs. After the
error message is displayed, the power turns off.
This code is output when HDD hang-up event occurs. After the error
message is displayed, the power turns off.
1-11-2E434AFIS
BLOCK DIAGRAMS
Servo/System Control Block Diagram
FIP
FL601
GRID
SEGMENT
7
23
17
a
1G
7G
(FIP DRIVER)
IC612
DIN
28
68
CLK
1
SENS-INH
TP501
KEY SWITCH
AL+5V
7
8
31
Q514,
REC-SAFETY
SW506
Q515
AL+5V
RESET
34
REMOTE
RM1501
14
SENSOR
TO SUB SYSTEM
CONTROL
BLOCK DIAGRAM
FL-DIN
FL-CLK
FL-STB
REMOTE
16
i
STB
2
69
TO AUDIO
BLOCK DIAGRAM
IIC-BUS SCL
IIC-BUS SDA
VCR-AUDIO-MUTE
83
TO Hi-Fi AUDIO
BLOCK DIAGRAM
A-MODE
Hi-Fi-H-SW
IIC-BUS SCL
IIC-BUS SDA
19
32
RF-SW
D-REC-H
IIC-BUS SCL
IIC-BUS SDA
33
71
72
TO VIDEO
BLOCK DIAGRAM
H-A-SW
C-ROTA
D-V-SYNC
16
13
15
18
V-ENV
C-SYNC
H-A-COMP
6
17
58
KEY- 1
KEY- 2
REC-SAF-SW
S-REEL79
ST-S
T-REEL
END-S
CTL(+)
CTL(-)
LD-SW9
IC501
(SERVO/SYSTEM CONTROL)
949510480
AL+5V
LD-SW
SW507
CN504
5 CTL(+)
6 CTL(-)
TP502
END-S
PS502
Q506
RESET
S-REEL
T-REEL
AL+5V
REMOCON-IN
CTL
97
CTL
TP503
AL+5V
VR501
D555
S-LED
PG-DELAY
2
SW-POINT
Q520
D520
VCR-REC
DRV-DATA
VCR-REC-LED
26
AL+5V
DRV-CLK70DRV-STB
C-CONT
LM-FWD/REV
C-FG
C-F/R
76
87
81
78
C-F/R5C-CONT7LM-FWD/REV
CN502
3 C-FG
4
MOTOR
DRIVE
CIRCUIT
CAPSTAN MOTOR
D-CONT77
D-PFG
90
D-CONT9D-PFG
8
M
CAPSTAN
MOTOR
A-MODE
Hi-Fi-H-SW
VCR-AUDIO-MUTE
RF-SW
D-REC-H
IIC-BUS SCL
IIC-BUS SDA
S-DATA-OUT
S-CS
65
64
Q516
S-DATA-OUT
S-CS
TO SUB SYSTEM
H-A-SW
C-ROTA
D-V-SYNC
H-A-COMP
S-DATA-IN
S-CLOCK
66
67
Q518
Q517
S-DATA-IN
S-CLOCK
CONTROL
BLOCK DIAGRAM
V-ENV
C-SYNC
C-POW-SW
TO SUB
75 P-ON-H
60 C-POW-SW
P-ON-H
POWER SUPPLY
BLOCK DIAGRAM
CONTROL
HEAD
ACE HEAD ASSEMBLYAV CBA
(DECK ASSEMBLY)
Q504
SENSOR CBA
ST-S
Q503
SENSOR CBA
END-S
PG
SENSOR
M
CYLINDER ASSEMBLY
DRUM
MOTOR
1-12-1
M
LOADING
MOTOR
E434GBLS
Sub System Control Block Diagram
HDD-REC
DVD-REC
D3002
D3001
FRONT JACK CBA
EV+3.3V
Q1527
TIMER+5V
Q1528
TO SERVO/
SYSTEM CONTROL
BLOCK DIAGRAM
VCR
D3005
CN3001
CN1503
DVD
D3003
874
VCR-LED
DVR-REC-LED
HDD-REC-LED
874
HDD
D3004
6
5
DVD-LED
HDD-LED
6
5
RESET
SW3001
11
RESET
11
TO VIDEO SELECTOR
BLOCK DIAGRAM
SCL
SDA
TO SERVO/
SYSTEM CONTROL
BLOCK DIAGRAM
TO AUDIO SELECTOR
BLOCK DIAGRAM
AUDIO-MUTE
SCART-AUDIO-MUTE
DVD/HDD-AUDIO-MUTE
SCL
SDA
TU1501(TUNER UNIT)
SCL
9
SDA
10
IC1504
(SUB MICRO CONTROLLER)
RESET
IC1502
12
14
RESET
PW-SW
REG-CONT
23
52
LOW-POW
32
30
P-DOWN
FAN-LOCK
FAN-CONT1
3
53
C1547
(BACKUP CAPACITOR)
7
BUP+3.3V
FL-DIN
FL-CLK
485049
FL-DIN
FL-STB
FL-CLK
FL-STB
OSC2
8
8MHz
X1502
REMOTE
27
REMOTE
OSC1
9
RESONATOR
X OUT
12
32.768KHz
X1501
X IN
11
X'TAL
55
DVD-REC-LED
SUB-RXD
SYS-RESET
221918
CN1504
30SYS-RESET
29SUB-RXD
302927
CN601
56
57
58
59
DVD-LED
VCR-LED
HDD-LED
HDD-REC-LED
SUB-TXD
REG-CONT2
26
27SUB-TXD
26
REG-CONT2
26
S-DATA-IN
S-DATA-OUT
15
VCR-TXD
S-CS
S-CLOCK
16
17
24
VCR-CS
VCR-CLK
VCR-RXD
POWER-LED
60
CN1505
1
POWER-LED
1
CN1601
40
DVD/HDD-A-MUTE
2
POWER-SW
2
Q1530
38
393334
I2C-SDA
AUDIO-MUTE
SCART-AUDIO-MUTE
Q1529
I2C-SCL
KEY-1
KEY-2
1
2
KEY SWITCH
CN1503
1
10
KEY-1
KEY-2
1
10
CN3001
AV CBA
DUBBING-LED
31
2
DUBBING-LED
2
REG-CONT
LOW-POW
PWR -SW
TO SUB
POWER SUPPLY
FAN-LOCK
FAN-CONT1
BLOCK DIAGRAM
24.576MHz
X801
X'TAL
R20
CLK 24 IN
A2
P20
CLK 24 OUT
SYS-RESET
N20
M20
SUB-TXD
SUB-RXD
EV+2.4VP-ON+1.5V
+1.5V
IC501
D1601
REGULATOR
DVD/HDD MAIN CBA
IC601
(MAIN MICRO CONTROLLER)
1-12-2
SW1601
POWER
KEY SWITCH
POWER
OPEN/CLOSE
SW3009
POWER SW CBA
KEY SWITCH
FRONT JACK CBASW CBA
CN3002
3
114
KEY-1
KEY-2
DUBBING-LED
3
4
CN3003
DUBBING
D3006
E434GBLSS
Digital Signal Process Block Diagram
TO VIDEO
SELECTOR
BLOCK
DIAGRAM
VIDEO-C-IN
VIDEO-Y/CVBS-IN
VIDEO-Y(I/P)-OUT
7
21
23
CN601
J18
H18
D/A
D/A
(CN1504)
VIDEO-Cr/Pr-OUT
VIDEO-Cb/Pr-OUT
VIDEO-Y(I)-OUT
VIDEO-C-OUT
519
3
K18
H19
D/A
D/A
VIDEO
ENCODER
G19
D/A
V15
W17
VIDEO
DECODER
IC901
(AUDIO D/A CONVERTER)
CN601
768
T20
N19
TO AUDIO
SELECTOR
BLOCK
AUDIO(L)-OUT
AUDIO(R)-OUT
DVD/HDD-AUDIO-MUTE
17
15
19
151416
L-CH
R-CH
MUTE
AUDIO
D/A
CONVER
-TER
4
V4W4V3
M19
DIAGRAM
AUDIO(L)-IN
13
3
(CN1504)
AUDIO(R)-IN
11
5
2
U20
IC902
P19
(AUDIO A/D CONVERTER)
1
R-CH
L-CH
101112
H20
2
AUDIO
A/D
G20
CONVER
-TER
F20
DIGITAL
AUDIO OUT
FIBER OPTIC
TRANS MODULE
DIGITAL
AUDIO OUT
(OPTICAL)
JK1501
(REAR)
(COAXIAL)
JK1502(REAR)
AV CBA
BUFFER
Q1533
CN1501
3030SPDIF
CL1001
CN1001
15
11SPDIF
CN501
E20
WF10
POWER
SUPPLY CBA
REC VIDEO SIGNAL PB VIDEO SIGNALREC AUDIO SIGNAL PB AUDIO SIGNAL
IC601 (MPEG2 AV CODEC)IC201
IC101
CN201CN3001
RF/
ERROR AMP
VIDEO
IC102
CN101
AUDIO
CN401
I/F
IC202
+3.3V
FLASH
MEMORY
IC401
MOTOR
DRIVER
FLASH MEMORY
IC604,IC605 (FLASH MEMORY)
DDR SDRAM
IC602,IC603 (DDR SDRAM)
SDRAM
IC204
DVD/HDD MAIN CBA
I/F
BACK-END
DIGITAL
SIGNAL
PROCESS
FRONT-END
DIGITAL
SIGNAL
PROCESS
LPC
IC402
MOTOR
DRIVER
IC410
OP AMP
CN3002
HARD
DISK
DRIVE
ATA CBA
DVD MECHANISM
TILT
PICK
TRACKING
-UP
FOCUS
CN1003
ENCODER
CBA
1-12-3
FE
ENCODER
CN1001
TRAY OPEN
LOADER
CBA
SLED
MOTOR
M
CN1002
SPINDLE
MOTOR
RELAY
CBA
M
E434GBLD
Video Selector Block Diagram
AV CBA
REC VIDEO SIGNAL PB VIDEO SIGNAL
VIDEO
JK2001
20
10
VIDEO-IN2
10
CN1507CN2001
121614
GCL
LPF
IN2
SW
SW
S-VIDEO
IN1
IC3001
(FRONT)
C
21
34
Y
100
SW
FRONT JACK CBA
VIDEO OUT
TU1501
(TUNER UNIT)
17
7
9
SW
AGC
SW
LPF
TO SUB SYSTEM
CONTROL
BLOCK DIAGRAM
SCL
SDA
42
43
I/F
IIC
SW
VIDEO
-IN1
JK3001
(FRONT)
REAR JACK
CBA
12
16
VIDEO IN1
JK1504
20
20
65
64
SW
SW
CN1503CN3001
AGC
S-VIDEO-C-IN-F
VIDEO-IN1
S-VIDEO-Y-IN-F
S-VIDEO-Y-IN-F
141412
16
SW
(VIDEO SELECTOR)IC1506
REAR JACK
CBA
Q2001
JK2001
SW
DRIVERFBC
224850
8
13
VIDEO-OUT2
VIDEO-G-IN
8
13
CN2001CN1507
BUFFER
19
11
49
12
14
VIDEO-B-IN
VIDEO-R-IN
12
14
7
15
MUTE
61
BUFFER
Q1514
MUTE
59
BUFFER
Q1512
SW
5152535557
WF4
WF8
VIDEO-Y/CVBS-IN
VIDEO-Y(I/P)-OUT
CN1504
7
21
23 VIDEO-C-IN
+
WF7WF5
VIDEO-Cr/Pr-OUT
VIDEO-Cb/Pb-OUT
VIDEO-Y(I)-OUT
VIDEO-C-OUT
3
5
1
9
WF6
Q1601
JK1504
SW
MUTEFBC
DRIVER
30
BUFFER
19
11715
SW
DRIVER
46
SW
DRIVER
44
SW
DRIVER
45
SW
MUTE
DRIVERFBC
36
MUTE
DRIVER
34
CY
4
3
JK1505
SW
21
(REAR)
S-VIDEO
+
OUT
SW
24
VCR-VIDEO-IN
VCR-VIDEO-OUT
TO VIDEO
BLOCK
DIAGRAM
VIDEO-B
VIDEO-R
VIDEO-G
VIDEO OUT2
TO DIGITAL
SIGNAL
PROCESS
BLOCK
DIAGRAM
(CN601)
1-12-4
VIDEO-B
VIDEO-R
VIDEO-G
VIDEO OUT1
E434GBLVS
Video Block Diagram
VIDEO (L)-1
HEAD
VIDEO (R)-1
HEAD
VIDEO (L)-2
HEAD
CYLINDER ASSEMBLY
VIDEO (R)-2
HEAD
MODE: SP/RECPB-VIDEO SIGNAL
REC-VIDEO SIGNAL
TO SERVO/SYSTEM
IIC-BUS SCL
CONTROL BLOCK
DIAGRAM
IIC-BUS SDA
(DECK ASSEMBLY)
CN251
7978
Y. DELAY
4643
6968
SERIAL
DECORDER
65
123
VIDEO(L)-1
VIDEO(R)-1
VIDEO-COM
969594
SP
HEAD
SP
P
R
LUMINANCE
SIGNAL
PROCESS
AGC
456
VIDEO(L)-2
VIDEO(R)-2
VIDEO-COM
93
AMP
EP
WF2
RF-SW
TP504
908988
EP
HEAD
AMP
REC FMAGC
Y
CCD 1H DELAY
CHARA.
INS.
87
+
1/2
RF-SW
D-REC-H
80
D-REC-H
C
FBC
C-ROTA
70
RF-SW/C-ROTA
CHROMINANCE
TO SERVO/SYSTEM
CONTROL BLOCK
DIAGRAM
V-ENV
H-A-SW
H-A-COMP
83
71
62
H-A-SW
D-V-SYNC
H-A-COMP
RPRP
PROCESS
C-SYNC
67
84
V-ENV
C-SYNC
Y/C
PR
MIX
AGC
D-V-SYNC
SIGNAL
VXO
21
2928
C-PB
TP301
X301
WF3
4.43MHz
AV CBA
IC501 (OSD)
50
OSD
CHARACTER
MIX
52
VIDEO SIGNAL PROCESS
/HEAD AMP
IC301
BUFFER
Q402
BYPASS
48
VCR-VIDEO-OUT
VCR-VIDEO-IN
TO VIDEO
SELECTOR
PB/EE
MUTE
56
WF1
BLOCK DIAGRAM
1-12-5
5859
61
E434GBLV
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