Fluke 88V Operating Manual
PN 2166623
August 2004, Rev. 1, 1/06
© 2004, 2006 Fluke Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in USA
All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.
Model 88 V
Automotive Multimeter
Users Manual
®
LIMITED WARRANTY AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
Each Fluke 20, 70, 80, 170 and 180 Series DMM will be free from defects in material and workmanship for its lifetime. As used herein, “lifetime” is defined as seven years after Fluke discontinues manufacturing the product, but the warranty period shall be at least ten years from
the date of purchase. This warranty does not cover fuses, disposable batteries, damage from neglect, misuse, contamination, alteration,
accident or abnormal conditions of operation or handling, including failures caused by use outside of the product’s specifications, or normal
wear and tear of mechanical components. This warranty covers the original purchaser only and is not transferable.
For ten years from the date of purchase, this warranty also covers the LCD. Thereafter, for the lifetime of the DMM, Fluke will replace the
LCD for a fee based on then current component acquisition costs.
To establish original ownership and prove date of purchase, please complete and return the registration card accompanying the product, or
register your product on http://www.fluke.com
. Fluke will, at its option, repair at no charge, replace or refund the purchase price of a defective
product purchased through a Fluke authorized sales outlet and at the applicable international price. Fluke reserves the right to charge for
importation costs of repair/replacement parts if the product purchased in one country is sent for repair elsewhere.
If the product is defective, contact your nearest Fluke authorized service center to obtain return authorization information, then send the
product to that service center, with a description of the difficulty, postage and insurance prepaid (FOB Destination). Fluke assumes no risk
for damage in transit. Fluke will pay return transportation for product repaired or replaced in-warranty. Before making any non-warranty repair, Fluke will estimate cost and obtain authorization, then invoice you for repair and return transportation.
THIS WARRANTY IS YOUR ONLY REMEDY. NO OTHER WARRANTIES, SUCH AS FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE
EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. FLUKE SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES, INCLUDING LOSS OF DATA, ARISING FROM ANY CAUSE OR THEORY. AUTHORIZED RESELLERS ARE NOT
AUTHORIZED TO EXTEND ANY DIFFERENT WARRANTY ON FLUKE’S BEHALF. Since some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of an implied warranty or of incidental or consequential damages, this limitation of liability may not apply to you. If any provision of this
warranty is held invalid or unenforceable by a court or other decision-maker of competent jurisdiction, such holding will not affect the validity
or enforceability of any other provision.
Fluke Corporation
P.O. Box 9090
Everett, WA 98206-9090
U.S.A.
Fluke Europe B.V.
P.O. Box 1186
5602 BD Eindhoven
The Netherlands
2/02
To register your product online, visit register.fluke.com
Table of Contents
Title Page
Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1
Contacting Fluke ............................................................................................................ 1
Safety Information .......................................................................................................... 1
The Meter's Features ..................................................................................................... 5
Power-Up Options ..................................................................................................... 13
Automatic Power-Off ................................................................................................. 13
Input Alert Feature.................................................................................................. 13
Making Measurements................................................................................................... 14
Measuring AC and DC Voltage.................................................................................. 14
Measuring Temperature ............................................................................................ 15
Testing for Continuity................................................................................................. 16
Measuring Resistance............................................................................................... 18
Using Conductance for High Resistance or Leakage Tests ...................................... 20
Measuring Capacitance............................................................................................. 21
Testing Diodes........................................................................................................... 22
Measuring DC or AC Current..................................................................................... 24
Measuring Frequency................................................................................................ 27
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Model 88 V
Users Manual
Measuring Duty Cycle............................................................................................... 29
Measuring Pulse Width ............................................................................................. 30
Bar Graph ...................................................................................................................... 30
Zoom Mode (Power Up Option Only)........................................................................ 30
Uses for the Zoom Mode........................................................................................... 30
HiRes Mode ................................................................................................................... 31
MIN MAX Recording Mode ............................................................................................ 31
Smooth Feature (Power Up Option Only) ...................................................................... 32
AutoHOLD Mode ........................................................................................................... 34
Relative Mode................................................................................................................ 34
Using the Meter for Automotive Applications ................................................................. 34
Measuring RPM ........................................................................................................ 35
Testing MAP or BP/MAP Sensors with Frequency Output........................................ 38
Measuring Internal Resistance of an Ignition Coil ..................................................... 40
Measuring Pulse Width on a Port Fuel Injector ......................................................... 42
Testing Ripple Voltage on an Alternator.................................................................... 44
Measuring Voltages on a Typical Oxygen Sensor .................................................... 46
Measuring Starter Circuit Voltage Drop..................................................................... 48
Testing the Throttle Position Sensor Voltage ............................................................ 50
Testing the Throttle Position Sensor Resistance ...................................................... 50
Isolating a Circuit Causing a Current Drain ............................................................... 52
Measuring System Voltage ....................................................................................... 54
Testing for Continuity in a Switch.............................................................................. 56
Maintenance .................................................................................................................. 58
General Maintenance................................................................................................ 58
Testing the Fuse ....................................................................................................... 58
Replacing the Battery................................................................................................ 59
Replacing the Fuses ................................................................................................. 60
ii
Contents
Service and Parts........................................................................................................... 60
Specifications ................................................................................................................. 66
General Specifications............................................................................................... 66
Detailed Specifications .............................................................................................. 67
(continued)
iii
Model 88 V
Users Manual
iv
List of Tables
Table Title Page
1. Electrical Symbols ................................................................................................................. 4
2. 88 V Automotive Multimeter Front Controls........................................................................... 5
3. Input Terminals...................................................................................................................... 6
4. Rotary Switch Positions......................................................................................................... 7
5. Pushbuttons .......................................................................................................................... 8
6. Display Features ................................................................................................................... 11
7. Functions and Trigger Levels for Frequency Measurements................................................. 28
8. MIN MAX Functions............................................................................................................... 33
9. Battery Charge Voltages ....................................................................................................... 54
10. Replacement Parts................................................................................................................ 62
11. Accessories ........................................................................................................................... 65
12. AC Voltage Function Specifications....................................................................................... 67
13. DC Voltage, Resistance, and Conductance Function Specifications..................................... 68
14. Temperature Specifications................................................................................................... 68
15. Current Function Specifications............................................................................................. 69
16. Capacitance and Diode Function Specifications ................................................................... 70
17. Frequency Counter Specifications......................................................................................... 71
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Model 88 V
Users Manual
18. Frequency Counter Sensitivity and Trigger Levels................................................................ 72
19. Electrical Characteristics of the Terminals ............................................................................ 73
20. Min Max Recording Specifications ........................................................................................ 74
vi
List of Figures
Figure Title Page
1. 88 V Automotive Multimeter Front ......................................................................................... 5
2. Measuring AC and DC Voltage ............................................................................................. 14
3. Testing for Continuity............................................................................................................. 17
4. Measuring Resistance........................................................................................................... 19
5. Measuring Capacitance......................................................................................................... 21
6. Testing a Diode ..................................................................................................................... 23
7. Measuring Current................................................................................................................. 26
8. Components of Duty Cycle Measurements ........................................................................... 29
9. Measuring RPM with Inductive Pickup .................................................................................. 37
10. Testing MAP or BP/MAP Sensors with Frequency Output .................................................... 39
11. Measuring Internal Resistance on an Ignition Coil ................................................................ 41
12. Measuring Pulse Width on a Port Fuel Injector ..................................................................... 43
13. Testing Ripple Voltage on an Alternator................................................................................ 45
14. Measuring Voltages on a Typical Oxygen Sensor................................................................. 47
15. Measuring Starter Circuit Voltage Drop ................................................................................. 49
16. Testing the Throttle Position Sensor Resistance................................................................... 51
17. Isolating Circuit Causing Current Drain ................................................................................. 53
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Model 88 V
Users Manual
18. Measuring the No-Load Voltage of a Battery ........................................................................ 55
19. Testing for Continuity in a Switch.......................................................................................... 57
20. Testing the Current Fuses..................................................................................................... 59
21. Battery and Fuse Replacement............................................................................................. 61
22. Replaceable Parts................................................................................................................. 64
viii
Automotive Multimeter
Introduction
Introduction
XWWarning
Read "Safety Information" before you use the
Meter.
The Model 88 V Automotive Multimeter (“the Meter”) is a
hand-held, battery-operated measurement device used for
voltage, continuity, resistance, current, diode, capacitance,
frequency, temperature, RPM, pulse width, and duty cycle
measurements.
Contacting Fluke
To contact Fluke, call one of the following telephone
numbers:
USA: 1-888-44-FLUKE (1-888-443-5853)
Canada: 1-800-36-FLUKE (1-800-363-5853)
Europe: +31 402-675-200
Japan: +81-3-3434-0181
Singapore: +65-738-5655
Anywhere in the world: +1-425-446-5500
For USA Service: 1-888-99-FLUKE
(1-888-993-5853)
Or, visit Fluke's Web site at www.fluke.com
.
To register your product, visit register.fluke.com
Safety Information
The Meter complies with:
• EN61010-1:2001
• ANSI/ISA S82.01-2004
• CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 1010.1:2004
• UL61010-1
• Measurement Category III, 1000 V, Pollution
Degree 2
• Measurement Category IV, 600 V, Pollution
Degree 2
In this manual, a Warning identifies conditions and
actions that pose hazards to the user. A Caution identifies
conditions and actions that may damage the Meter or the
equipment under test.
Electrical symbols used on the Meter and in this manual
are explained in Table 1.
1
Model 88 V
Users Manual
XWWarning
To avoid possible electric shock or personal
injury, follow these guidelines:
• Use this Meter only as specified in this
manual or the protection provided by the
Meter might be impaired.
• Do not use the Meter if it is damaged.
Before you use the Meter, inspect the
case. Look for cracks or missing plastic.
Pay particular attention to the insulation
surrounding the connectors.
• Make sure the battery door is closed and
latched before operating the Meter.
• Replace the battery as soon as the
battery indicator (M) appears.
• Remove test leads from the Meter before
opening the battery door.
• Inspect the test leads for damaged
insulation or exposed metal. Check the
test leads for continuity. Replace
damaged test leads before you use the
Meter.
• Do not apply more than the rated voltage,
as marked on the Meter, between the
terminals or between any terminal and
earth ground.
• Never operate the Meter with the cover
removed or the case open.
• Use caution when working with voltages
above 30 V ac, 42 V ac peak, or 60 V dc.
These voltages pose a shock hazard.
• Use only the replacement fuses specified
by the manual.
• Use the proper terminals, function, and
range for measurements.
• Avoid working alone.
• When measuring current, turn off circuit
power before connecting the Meter in the
circuit. Remember to place the Meter in
series with the circuit.
• When making electrical connections,
connect the common test lead before
connecting the live test lead; when
disconnecting, disconnect the live test
lead before disconnecting the common
test lead.
• Do not use the Meter if it operates
abnormally. Protection may be impaired.
When in doubt, have the Meter serviced.
2
Automotive Multimeter
Safety Information
• Do not operate the Meter around
explosive gas, vapor, or dust.
• Use only a single 9 V battery, properly
installed in the Meter case, to power the
Meter.
• When servicing the Meter, use only
specified replacement parts.
• When using probes, keep fingers
behind the finger guards on the
probes.
XWCaution
To avoid possible damage to the Meter or to
the equipment under test, follow these
guidelines:
• Disconnect circuit power and discharge
all high-voltage capacitors before testing
resistance, continuity, diodes, or
capacitance.
• Use the proper terminals, function, and
range for all measurements.
• Before measuring current, check the
Meter's fuses. (See "Testing the Fuse").
3
Model 88 V
Users Manual
Table 1. Electrical Symbols
B
F
X
W
M
R
CAT
III
t
s
AC (Alternating Current)
DC (Direct Current)
Hazardous voltage
Risk of Danger. Important information.
See Manual.
Battery. Low battery when displayed.
Continuity test or continuity beeper tone.
IEC Overvoltage Category III
CAT III equipment is designed to protect
against transients in equipment in fixedequipment installations, such as
distribution panels, feeders and short
branch circuits, and lighting systems in
large buildings.
Underwriters Laboratories
Inspected and licensed by TÜV Product Services.
J
I
P
$
T
E
CAT
IV
G
Earth ground
Fuse
Conforms to European Union directives.
Conforms to relevant Canadian Standards
Association directives.
Double insulated
Capacitance
IEC Overvoltage Category IV
CAT IV equipment is designed to protect against
transients from the primary supply level, such as an
electricity meter or an overhead or underground utility
service.
Diode
4
Automotive Multimeter
The Meter's Features
The Meter's Features
Tables 2 through 6 briefly describe the Meter's features.
88
AutoHOLD
RANGE
MIN MAX
A
mA
A
10A MAX
FUSED
400mA
FUSED
REL
COM
Hz %
Figure 1. 88 V Automotive Multimeter Front
1
2
3
4
ayg40f.eps
Table 2. 88 V Automotive Multimeter Front Controls
Number Description
A Display
B Pushbuttons
C Rotary Switch
D Input Terminals
5
Model 88 V
Users Manual
Table 3. Input Terminals
Terminal Description
A Input for 0 A to 10.00 A current measurements (20 A overload for 30 seconds maximum), current frequency,
duty cycle, and pulse width measurements.
mA µA Input for 0 µA to 400 mA current measurements (600 mA for 18 hrs.), current frequency, duty cycle, and
pulse width.
COM Return terminal for all measurements.
I
RPM
6
Input for voltage, continuity, resistance, diode, capacitance, frequency, temperature, duty cycle, pulse width,
and RPM measurements.
Automotive Multimeter
The Meter's Features
Table 4. Rotary Switch Positions
Switch Position Function
Any Position When the Meter is turned on, the Meter model number briefly appears on the display.
K AC voltage measurement
L
M
N
DC voltage measurement
Press
A for RPM o, press again for RPM n.
600 mV dc voltage range
Press A for temperature (T).
Press E for continuity test.
e Resistance measurement
Press A for capacitance measurement.
O Diode test
e
f
7
DC current measurements from 0 mA to 10.00 A
Press
A for ac current measurements, from 0 mA to 10.00 A.
DC current measurements from 0 µA to 6000 µA
Press
A for ac current measurements from 0 µA to 6000 µA.
Model 88 V
Users Manual
Table 5. Pushbuttons
Button
A
(Yellow)
B
Switch
Position
N
M
g K L
Selects capacitance
Selects temperature
Selects measurement of RPM o or RPM n
Function
e
f
Power-up Disables automatic power-off feature (Meter normally powers off in 30 minutes).
Any switch
position
Power-up
Switches between dc and ac current
Switches between dc and ac current
The Meter reads
Starts recording of minimum and maximum values and disables power-off feature. Steps the
display through MAX, MIN, AVG (average), and present readings. Cancels MIN MAX (hold for 1
second).
Enables the Meter’s calibration mode and prompts for a password.
The Meter reads “
more information
“PoFF” until A is released.
CAL“ and enters calibration mode. See the 80 Series V Callibration Manual for
.
8
Automotive Multimeter
The Meter's Features
Table 5. Pushbuttons (cont.)
Button
C
D
H
Switch
Position
Any switch
position
Switches between °C and °F when temperature is selected.
M
Power-up Enables the Meter’s smoothing feature. The Meter reads “5___” until C is released.
Any switch
position
MIN MAX
recording
Frequency
counter
Power-up
Any switch
position
Power-up
Switches between the ranges available for the selected function. To return to autoranging, hold
the button down for 1 second.
AutoHOLD captures the present reading on the display. When a new, stable reading is detected,
the Meter beeps and displays the new reading.
Stops and starts recording without erasing recorded values.
Stops and starts the frequency counter.
Turns on all LCD segments until
Turns the backlight on, makes it brighter, and turns it off.
Hold
H down for one second to enter the HiRes digit mode. The “HiRes” icon appears on the
display. To return to the 3-1/2 digit mode, hold
Changes the default ranging from manual to auto for the V ac and V dc functions.
The Meter reads “Avto” until H is released.
D, is released.
Function
H down for one second. HiRes=19,999
9
Model 88 V
Users Manual
Table 5. Pushbuttons (cont.)
Button
E
F
(Relative
mode)
G
Switch
Position
Continuity
ReE
MIN MAX
recording
Hz, Duty
Cycle
Power-up
Any switch
position
Power-up
Any switch
position
except
diode test
Power-up
Function
Turns the continuity beeper on and off
Switches between Peak (250 µs) and Normal (100 ms) response times.
Toggles the meter to trigger on positive or negative slope.
Disables the beeper for all functions. The Meter reads “
Stores the present reading as a reference for subsequent readings. The display is zeroed, and
the stored reading is subtracted from all subsequent readings.
Enables zoom mode for the bar graph. The Meter reads “
Press
G for frequency measurements.
Starts the frequency counter.
Press again to enter duty cycle mode, and again to measure pulse width (ms).
Enables the Meter’s high impedance mode when the mV dc function is used.
The Meter reads “
Hi2” until G is released.
bEEP” until E is released.
2rEL” until F is released.
10
Automotive Multimeter
The Meter's Features
Table 6. Display Features
Number Feature
Y
A
TrigY
B X
C W
ayg04f.eps
Indication
Polarity indicator for the
analog bar graph.
Positive or negative slope
indicator for Hz/duty cycle
triggering, pulse width, RPM.
The continuity beeper is on.
Relative (REL) mode is active.
Number Feature
D a
E -
F Z
G
H
RS
S
I p
J
m
MAX MIN AVG
K b
Indication
Smoothing is active.
Indicates negative readings. In
relative mode, this sign
indicates that the present input
is less than the stored
reference.
Indicates the presence of a
high voltage input. Appears if
the input voltage is 30 V or
greater (ac or dc). Also
appears in cal, Hz, and duty
cycle modes.
AutoHOLD is active.
Display Hold is active.
Indicates the Meter is in Peak
Min Max mode and the
response time is 250 µs.
Indicators for minimummaximum recording mode.
The battery is low.
XWWarning: To avoid false
readings, which could lead to
possible electric shock or
personal injury, replace the
battery as soon as the battery
indicator appears.
11
Model 88 V
Users Manual
Number Feature Indication
Amperes (amps), Microamp,
Milliamp
Volts, Millivolts
Microfarad, Nanofarad
Nanosiemens
Percent. Used for duty cycle
measurements.
Milliseconds. Used for pulse
width measurement.
Ohm, Megohm, Kilohm
Hertz, Kilohertz
Alternating current, direct
current
Degrees Celsius, Degrees
Fahrenheit
Displays selected range
The Meter is in high resolution
(Hi Res) mode. HiRes=19,999
L
M
N
O
A, µA, mA
V, mV
µF, nF
nS
%
ms
e, Me, ke
Hz, kHz
AC DC
°C, °F
610000 mV
HiRes
Number Feature
Auto
P
Manual
Q
R
RPMon
Indication
The Meter is in autorange
mode and automatically
selects the range with the best
resolution.
The Meter is in manual range
mode.
The number of segments is
relative to the full-scale value
of the selected range. In
normal operation 0 (zero) is on
the left. The polarity indicator
at the left of the graph
indicates the polarity of the
input. The graph does not
operate with the capacitance,
frequency counter functions,
temperature, or peak min max.
For more information, see “Bar
Graph” later in this manual.
The bar graph also has a
zoom function, as described
under "Zoom Mode".
oconventional (4 cycle)
Counts every other revolution.
nwaste spark or 2 cycle.
Counts every revolution.
12
Automotive Multimeter
The Meter's Features
Number Feature
--
bAtt Replace the battery immediately.
diSC
EEPr
Err
CAL
Err
LEAd
F8-Err Invalid model. Have Meter serviced.
0PEn Open thermocouple is detected.
0L
In the capacitance function, too much electrical
charge is present on the capacitor being tested.
Invalid EEPROM data. Have Meter serviced.
Invalid calibration data. Calibrate Meter.
WTest lead alert. Displayed when the test leads are
in the A or mA/µA terminal and the selected rotary
switch position does not correspond to the terminal
being used.
Overload condition is detected.
Messages
Indication
Power-Up Options
Holding a button down while turning the Meter on
activates a power-up option. Table 5 includes the powerup options.
Automatic Power-Off
The Meter automatically turns off if you do not turn the
rotary switch or press a button for 30 minutes. If MIN
MAX Recording is enabled, the Meter will not power off.
To disable automatic power-off, refer to Table 4.
Input Alert Feature
If a test lead is plugged into the mA/µA or A terminal, but
the rotary switch is not set to the correct current position,
the beeper warns you by making a chirping sound and
the display flashes “LEAd”. This warning is intended to
stop you from attempting to measure voltage, continuity,
resistance, capacitance, or diode values when the leads
are plugged into a current terminal.
XW Caution
Placing the probes across (in parallel with) a
powered circuit when a lead is plugged into a
current terminal can damage the circuit you
are testing and blow the Meter's fuse. This
can happen because the resistance through
the Meter's current terminals is very low, so
the Meter acts like a short circuit.
13
Model 88 V
Users Manual
Making Measurements
The following sections describe how to take
measurements with the Meter.
Measuring AC and DC Voltage
The Meter's voltage ranges are 600.0 mV, 6.000 V,
60.00 V, 600.0 V, and 1000 V. To select the 600.0 mV dc
range, turn the rotary switch to mV. To measure ac or dc
voltage, refer to Figure 2.
When measuring voltage, the Meter acts approximately
like a 10 MΩ (10,000,000 Ω) impedance in parallel with
the circuit. This loading effect can cause measurement
errors in high-impedance circuits. In most cases, the error
is negligible (0.1% or less) if the circuit impedance is 10
kΩ (10,000 Ω) or less.
For better accuracy when measuring the dc offset of an
ac voltage, measure the ac voltage first. Note the ac
voltage range, then manually select a dc voltage range
equal to or higher than the ac range. This procedure
improves the accuracy of the dc measurement by
ensuring that the input protection circuits are not
activated.
88
AC Voltage
Switch Box
AutoHOLD
RANGE
MIN MAX
Hz %
REL
V
A
COM
mA
A
400mA
FUSED
10A MAX
FUSED
DC Voltage
mV
88
AutoHOLD
RANGE
MIN MAX
Hz %
REL
V
A
COM
mA
A
400mA
FUSED
10A MAX
FUSED
+
Figure 2. Measuring AC and DC Voltage
aug01f.eps
14
Automotive Multimeter
Making Measurements
Measuring Temperature
The Meter measures the temperature of a type-K
thermocouple (included). Choose between degrees
Celsius (°C) or degrees Fahrenheit (°F) by pushing C.
XW Caution
To avoid possible damage to the Meter or
other equipment, remember that while the
Meter is rated for -200.0 °C to +1090.0 °C and
-328.0 °F to 1994.0 °F, the included K-Type
Thermocouple is rated to 260 °C. For
temperatures out of that range, use a higher
rated thermocouple.
Display ranges are -200.0 °C to +1090.0 °C and
-328.0 °F to 1994.0 °F. Readings outside of these ranges
show OL on the Meter display. When there is no
thermocouple connected, the display shows OPEn for
Meters above serial number (90710501) and OL for
meters below serial number (90710501).
Note
To locate the serial number remove the Meter
from the holster. The serial number is on the
back of the holster.
To measure temperature, do the following:
1. Connect a type-K thermocouple to the Meter’s COM
and h terminals.
2. Turn the rotary switch to M.
3. Press A to enter temperature mode.
4. Push C to choose Celsius or Fahrenheit.
15
Model 88 V
Users Manual
Testing for Continuity
XWCaution
To avoid possible damage to the Meter or to
the equipment under test, disconnect circuit
power and discharge all high-voltage
capacitors before testing for continuity.
The continuity test features a beeper that sounds as long
as a circuit is complete. The beeper allows you to perform
quick continuity tests without having to watch the display.
To test for continuity, set up the Meter as shown in
Figure 3 .
Press Eto turn the continuity beeper on or off.
The continuity function detects intermittent opens and
shorts lasting as little as 1ms. A brief short causes the
Meter to emit a short beep.
16
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