Fluke 88-5 User manual

PN 2166623
August 2004, Rev. 1, 1/06

© 2004, 2006 Fluke Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in USA
All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.

Model 88 V

Automotive Multimeter

Users Manual

®

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LIMITED WARRANTY AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

Each Fluke 20, 70, 80, 170 and 180 Series DMM will be free from defects in material and workmanship for its lifetime. As used herein, “life­time” is defined as seven years after Fluke discontinues manufacturing the product, but the warranty period shall be at least ten years from
the date of purchase. This warranty does not cover fuses, disposable batteries, damage from neglect, misuse, contamination, alteration,
accident or abnormal conditions of operation or handling, including failures caused by use outside of the product’s specifications, or normal
wear and tear of mechanical components. This warranty covers the original purchaser only and is not transferable.

For ten years from the date of purchase, this warranty also covers the LCD. Thereafter, for the lifetime of the DMM, Fluke will replace the
LCD for a fee based on then current component acquisition costs.

To establish original ownership and prove date of purchase, please complete and return the registration card accompanying the product, or
register your product on
product purchased through a Fluke authorized sales outlet and at the applicable international price. Fluke reserves the right to charge for
importation costs of repair/replacement parts if the product purchased in one country is sent for repair elsewhere.

If the product is defective, contact your nearest Fluke authorized service center to obtain return authorization information, then send the
product to that service center, with a description of the difficulty, postage and insurance prepaid (FOB Destination). Fluke assumes no risk
for damage in transit. Fluke will pay return transportation for product repaired or replaced in-warranty. Before making any non-warranty re­pair, Fluke will estimate cost and obtain authorization, then invoice you for repair and return transportation.

THIS WARRANTY IS YOUR ONLY REMEDY. NO OTHER WARRANTIES, SUCH AS FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE
EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. FLUKE SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAM­AGES OR LOSSES, INCLUDING LOSS OF DATA, ARISING FROM ANY CAUSE OR THEORY. AUTHORIZED RESELLERS ARE NOT
AUTHORIZED TO EXTEND ANY DIFFERENT WARRANTY ON FLUKE’S BEHALF. Since some states do not allow the exclusion or limita­tion of an implied warranty or of incidental or consequential damages, this limitation of liability may not apply to you. If any provision of this
warranty is held invalid or unenforceable by a court or other decision-maker of competent jurisdiction, such holding will not affect the validity
or enforceability of any other provision.

. Fluke will, at its option, repair at no charge, replace or refund the purchase price of a defective

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Table of Contents

Title Page

Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1

Contacting Fluke ............................................................................................................ 1

Safety Information .......................................................................................................... 1

The Meter's Features ..................................................................................................... 5

Power-Up Options ..................................................................................................... 13

Automatic Power-Off ................................................................................................. 13

Input Alert Feature .................................................................................................. 13

Making Measurements ................................................................................................... 14

Measuring AC and DC Voltage.................................................................................. 14

Measuring Temperature ............................................................................................ 15

Testing for Continuity................................................................................................. 16

Measuring Resistance ............................................................................................... 18

Using Conductance for High Resistance or Leakage Tests ...................................... 20

Measuring Capacitance............................................................................................. 21

Testing Diodes........................................................................................................... 22

Measuring DC or AC Current..................................................................................... 24

Measuring Frequency................................................................................................ 27

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Model 88 V

Users Manual

Measuring Duty Cycle............................................................................................... 29

Measuring Pulse Width ............................................................................................. 30

Bar Graph ...................................................................................................................... 30

Zoom Mode (Power Up Option Only)........................................................................ 30

Uses for the Zoom Mode........................................................................................... 30

HiRes Mode ................................................................................................................... 31

MIN MAX Recording Mode ............................................................................................ 31

Smooth Feature (Power Up Option Only) ...................................................................... 32

AutoHOLD Mode ........................................................................................................... 34

Relative Mode................................................................................................................ 34

Using the Meter for Automotive Applications ................................................................. 34

Measuring RPM ........................................................................................................ 35

Testing MAP or BP/MAP Sensors with Frequency Output........................................ 38

Measuring Internal Resistance of an Ignition Coil ..................................................... 40

Measuring Pulse Width on a Port Fuel Injector ......................................................... 42

Testing Ripple Voltage on an Alternator.................................................................... 44

Measuring Voltages on a Typical Oxygen Sensor .................................................... 46

Measuring Starter Circuit Voltage Drop..................................................................... 48

Testing the Throttle Position Sensor Voltage ............................................................ 50

Testing the Throttle Position Sensor Resistance ...................................................... 50

Isolating a Circuit Causing a Current Drain ............................................................... 52

Measuring System Voltage ....................................................................................... 54

Testing for Continuity in a Switch.............................................................................. 56

Maintenance .................................................................................................................. 58

General Maintenance................................................................................................ 58

Testing the Fuse ....................................................................................................... 58

Replacing the Battery................................................................................................ 59

Replacing the Fuses ................................................................................................. 60

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Contents

Service and Parts........................................................................................................... 60

Specifications ................................................................................................................. 66

General Specifications............................................................................................... 66

Detailed Specifications .............................................................................................. 67

(continued)

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List of Tables

Table Title Page

1. Electrical Symbols ................................................................................................................. 4

2. 88 V Automotive Multimeter Front Controls........................................................................... 5

3. Input Terminals...................................................................................................................... 6

4. Rotary Switch Positions......................................................................................................... 7

5. Pushbuttons .......................................................................................................................... 8

6. Display Features ................................................................................................................... 11

7. Functions and Trigger Levels for Frequency Measurements................................................. 28

8. MIN MAX Functions............................................................................................................... 33

9. Battery Charge Voltages ....................................................................................................... 54

10. Replacement Parts................................................................................................................ 62

11. Accessories ........................................................................................................................... 65

12. AC Voltage Function Specifications....................................................................................... 67

13. DC Voltage, Resistance, and Conductance Function Specifications..................................... 68

14. Temperature Specifications................................................................................................... 68

15. Current Function Specifications............................................................................................. 69

16. Capacitance and Diode Function Specifications ................................................................... 70

17. Frequency Counter Specifications......................................................................................... 71

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Model 88 V

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18. Frequency Counter Sensitivity and Trigger Levels................................................................ 72

19. Electrical Characteristics of the Terminals ............................................................................ 73

20. Min Max Recording Specifications ........................................................................................ 74

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List of Figures

Figure Title Page

1. 88 V Automotive Multimeter Front ......................................................................................... 5

2. Measuring AC and DC Voltage ............................................................................................. 14

3. Testing for Continuity............................................................................................................. 17

4. Measuring Resistance........................................................................................................... 19

5. Measuring Capacitance......................................................................................................... 21

6. Testing a Diode ..................................................................................................................... 23

7. Measuring Current................................................................................................................. 26

8. Components of Duty Cycle Measurements ........................................................................... 29

9. Measuring RPM with Inductive Pickup .................................................................................. 37

10. Testing MAP or BP/MAP Sensors with Frequency Output .................................................... 39

11. Measuring Internal Resistance on an Ignition Coil ................................................................ 41

12. Measuring Pulse Width on a Port Fuel Injector ..................................................................... 43

13. Testing Ripple Voltage on an Alternator ................................................................................ 45

14. Measuring Voltages on a Typical Oxygen Sensor................................................................. 47

15. Measuring Starter Circuit Voltage Drop ................................................................................. 49

16. Testing the Throttle Position Sensor Resistance................................................................... 51

17. Isolating Circuit Causing Current Drain ................................................................................. 53

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Model 88 V

Users Manual

18. Measuring the No-Load Voltage of a Battery ........................................................................ 55

19. Testing for Continuity in a Switch.......................................................................................... 57

20. Testing the Current Fuses..................................................................................................... 59

21. Battery and Fuse Replacement............................................................................................. 61

22. Replaceable Parts................................................................................................................. 64

viii

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Automotive Multimeter
Introduction

Introduction

XWWarning

Read "Safety Information" before you use the
Meter.

The Model 88 V Automotive Multimeter (“the Meter”) is a
hand-held, battery-operated measurement device used for
voltage, continuity, resistance, current, diode, capacitance,
frequency, temperature, RPM, pulse width, and duty cycle
measurements.

Safety Information

The Meter complies with:

• EN61010-1:2001

• ANSI/ISA S82.01-2004

• CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 1010.1:2004

• UL61010-1

• Measurement Category III, 1000 V, Pollution

Degree 2

• Measurement Category IV, 600 V, Pollution

Degree 2

In this manual, a Warning identifies conditions and
actions that pose hazards to the user. A Caution identifies
conditions and actions that may damage the Meter or the
equipment under test.

Electrical symbols used on the Meter and in this manual
are explained in Table 1.

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Model 88 V

Users Manual

XWWarning

To avoid possible electric shock or personal
injury, follow these guidelines:

• Use this Meter only as specified in this

manual or the protection provided by the
Meter might be impaired.

• Do not use the Meter if it is damaged.

Before you use the Meter, inspect the
case. Look for cracks or missing plastic.
Pay particular attention to the insulation
surrounding the connectors.

• Make sure the battery door is closed and

latched before operating the Meter.

• Replace the battery as soon as the

battery indicator (M) appears.

• Remove test leads from the Meter before

opening the battery door.

• Inspect the test leads for damaged

insulation or exposed metal. Check the
test leads for continuity. Replace
damaged test leads before you use the
Meter.

• Do not apply more than the rated voltage,

as marked on the Meter, between the
terminals or between any terminal and
earth ground.

• Never operate the Meter with the cover

removed or the case open.

• Use caution when working with voltages

above 30 V ac, 42 V ac peak, or 60 V dc.
These voltages pose a shock hazard.

• Use only the replacement fuses specified

by the manual.

• Use the proper terminals, function, and

range for measurements.

• Avoid working alone.

• When measuring current, turn off circuit

power before connecting the Meter in the
circuit. Remember to place the Meter in
series with the circuit.

• When making electrical connections,

connect the common test lead before
connecting the live test lead; when
disconnecting, disconnect the live test
lead before disconnecting the common
test lead.

• Do not use the Meter if it operates

abnormally. Protection may be impaired.
When in doubt, have the Meter serviced.

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Automotive Multimeter
Safety Information

• Do not operate the Meter around

explosive gas, vapor, or dust.

• Use only a single 9 V battery, properly

installed in the Meter case, to power the
Meter.

• When servicing the Meter, use only

specified replacement parts.

• When using probes, keep fingers

behind the finger guards on the
probes.

XWCaution

To avoid possible damage to the Meter or to
the equipment under test, follow these
guidelines:

• Disconnect circuit power and discharge

all high-voltage capacitors before testing
resistance, continuity, diodes, or
capacitance.

• Use the proper terminals, function, and

range for all measurements.

• Before measuring current, check the

Meter's fuses. (See "Testing the Fuse").

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Model 88 V

Users Manual

Table 1. Electrical Symbols

B
F

X

W

M

R

CAT

III

t

s

AC (Alternating Current)

DC (Direct Current)

Hazardous voltage

Risk of Danger. Important information.
See Manual.

Battery. Low battery when displayed.

Continuity test or continuity beeper tone.

IEC Overvoltage Category III
CAT III equipment is designed to protect
against transients in equipment in fixed­equipment installations, such as
distribution panels, feeders and short
branch circuits, and lighting systems in
large buildings.

Underwriters Laboratories

Inspected and licensed by TÜV Product Services.

J

I

P

$

T

E

CAT

IV

G

Earth ground

Fuse

Conforms to European Union directives.

Conforms to relevant Canadian Standards
Association directives.

Double insulated

Capacitance

IEC Overvoltage Category IV
CAT IV equipment is designed to protect against
transients from the primary supply level, such as an
electricity meter or an overhead or underground utility
service.

Diode

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Automotive Multimeter
The Meter's Features

The Meter's Features

Tables 2 through 6 briefly describe the Meter's features.

88

AutoHOLD

RANGE

MIN MAX

A

mA

A

10A MAX

FUSED

400mA
FUSED

REL

COM

Hz %

Figure 1. 88 V Automotive Multimeter Front

1

2

3

4

ayg40f.eps

Table 2. 88 V Automotive Multimeter Front Controls

Number Description

A Display

B Pushbuttons

C Rotary Switch

D Input Terminals

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Model 88 V

Users Manual

Table 3. Input Terminals

Terminal Description

A Input for 0 A to 10.00 A current measurements (20 A overload for 30 seconds maximum), current frequency,

duty cycle, and pulse width measurements.

mA µA Input for 0 µA to 400 mA current measurements (600 mA for 18 hrs.), current frequency, duty cycle, and

pulse width.

COM Return terminal for all measurements.

I
RPM

6

Input for voltage, continuity, resistance, diode, capacitance, frequency, temperature, duty cycle, pulse width,
and RPM measurements.

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Automotive Multimeter
The Meter's Features

Table 4. Rotary Switch Positions

Switch Position Function

Any Position When the Meter is turned on, the Meter model number briefly appears on the display.

K AC voltage measurement

L

M

N

DC voltage measurement
Press

A for RPM o, press again for RPM n.

600 mV dc voltage range
Press A for temperature (T).

Press E for continuity test.

e Resistance measurement

Press A for capacitance measurement.

O Diode test

e

f

7

DC current measurements from 0 mA to 10.00 A
Press

A for ac current measurements, from 0 mA to 10.00 A.

DC current measurements from 0 µA to 6000 µA
Press

A for ac current measurements from 0 µA to 6000 µA.

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Model 88 V

Users Manual

Table 5. Pushbuttons

Button

A

(Yellow)

B

Switch

Position

N

M

g K L

Selects capacitance

Selects temperature

Selects measurement of RPM o or RPM n

Function

e
f

Power-up Disables automatic power-off feature (Meter normally powers off in 30 minutes).

Any switch
position

Power-up

Switches between dc and ac current

Switches between dc and ac current

The Meter reads

Starts recording of minimum and maximum values and disables power-off feature. Steps the
display through MAX, MIN, AVG (average), and present readings. Cancels MIN MAX (hold for 1
second).

Enables the Meter’s calibration mode and prompts for a password.
The Meter reads “
more information

“PoFF” until A is released.

CAL“ and enters calibration mode. See the 80 Series V Callibration Manual for

.

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Automotive Multimeter
The Meter's Features

Table 5. Pushbuttons (cont.)

Button

C

D

H

Switch
Position

Any switch
position

Switches between °C and °F when temperature is selected.

M

Power-up Enables the Meter’s smoothing feature. The Meter reads “5___” until C is released.

Any switch
position

MIN MAX
recording

Frequency
counter

Power-up

Any switch
position

Power-up

Switches between the ranges available for the selected function. To return to autoranging, hold
the button down for 1 second.

AutoHOLD captures the present reading on the display. When a new, stable reading is detected,
the Meter beeps and displays the new reading.

Stops and starts recording without erasing recorded values.

Stops and starts the frequency counter.

Turns on all LCD segments until

Turns the backlight on, makes it brighter, and turns it off.

Hold

H down for one second to enter the HiRes digit mode. The “HiRes” icon appears on the

display. To return to the 3-1/2 digit mode, hold

Changes the default ranging from manual to auto for the V ac and V dc functions.

The Meter reads “Avto” until H is released.

D, is released.

Function

H down for one second. HiRes=19,999

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Model 88 V

Users Manual

Table 5. Pushbuttons (cont.)

Button

E

F

(Relative

mode)

G

Switch

Position

Continuity
ReE

MIN MAX
recording

Hz, Duty
Cycle

Power-up

Any switch
position

Power-up

Any switch
position
except
diode test

Power-up

Function

Turns the continuity beeper on and off

Switches between Peak (250 µs) and Normal (100 ms) response times.

Toggles the meter to trigger on positive or negative slope.

Disables the beeper for all functions. The Meter reads “

Stores the present reading as a reference for subsequent readings. The display is zeroed, and
the stored reading is subtracted from all subsequent readings.

Enables zoom mode for the bar graph. The Meter reads “

Press

G for frequency measurements.

Starts the frequency counter.

Press again to enter duty cycle mode, and again to measure pulse width (ms).

Enables the Meter’s high impedance mode when the mV dc function is used.
The Meter reads “

Hi2” until G is released.

bEEP” until E is released.

2rEL” until F is released.

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Automotive Multimeter
The Meter's Features

Table 6. Display Features

Number Feature

Y

A

TrigY

B X
C W

ayg04f.eps

Indication

Polarity indicator for the
analog bar graph.

Positive or negative slope
indicator for Hz/duty cycle
triggering, pulse width, RPM.

The continuity beeper is on.

Relative (REL) mode is active.

Number Feature

D a

E -

F Z

G
H

RS

S

I p

J

m

MAX MIN AVG

K b

Indication

Smoothing is active.

Indicates negative readings. In
relative mode, this sign
indicates that the present input
is less than the stored
reference.

Indicates the presence of a
high voltage input. Appears if
the input voltage is 30 V or
greater (ac or dc). Also
appears in cal, Hz, and duty
cycle modes.

AutoHOLD is active.

Display Hold is active.

Indicates the Meter is in Peak
Min Max mode and the
response time is 250 µs.

Indicators for minimum­maximum recording mode.
The battery is low.
XWWarning: To avoid false
readings, which could lead to
possible electric shock or
personal injury, replace the
battery as soon as the battery
indicator appears.

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Model 88 V

Users Manual

Number Feature Indication

Amperes (amps), Microamp,
Milliamp

Volts, Millivolts

Microfarad, Nanofarad

Nanosiemens

Percent. Used for duty cycle
measurements.

Milliseconds. Used for pulse
width measurement.

Ohm, Megohm, Kilohm

Hertz, Kilohertz

Alternating current, direct
current

Degrees Celsius, Degrees
Fahrenheit

Displays selected range

The Meter is in high resolution
(Hi Res) mode. HiRes=19,999

L

M

N

O

A, µA, mA

V, mV

µF, nF

nS

%

ms

e, Me, ke

Hz, kHz

AC DC

°C, °F

610000 mV

HiRes

Number Feature

Auto

P

Manual

Q

R

RPMon

Indication

The Meter is in autorange
mode and automatically
selects the range with the best
resolution.

The Meter is in manual range
mode.

The number of segments is
relative to the full-scale value
of the selected range. In
normal operation 0 (zero) is on
the left. The polarity indicator
at the left of the graph
indicates the polarity of the
input. The graph does not
operate with the capacitance,
frequency counter functions,
temperature, or peak min max.
For more information, see “Bar
Graph” later in this manual.
The bar graph also has a
zoom function, as described
under "Zoom Mode".

oconventional (4 cycle)
Counts every other revolution.

nwaste spark or 2 cycle.
Counts every revolution.

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Automotive Multimeter
The Meter's Features

Number Feature

--

bAtt Replace the battery immediately.

diSC

EEPr
Err

CAL
Err

LEAd

F8-Err Invalid model. Have Meter serviced.

0PEn Open thermocouple is detected.

0L

In the capacitance function, too much electrical
charge is present on the capacitor being tested.

Invalid EEPROM data. Have Meter serviced.

Invalid calibration data. Calibrate Meter.

WTest lead alert. Displayed when the test leads are
in the A or mA/µA terminal and the selected rotary
switch position does not correspond to the terminal
being used.

Overload condition is detected.

Messages

Indication

Power-Up Options

Holding a button down while turning the Meter on
activates a power-up option. Table 5 includes the power­up options.

Automatic Power-Off

The Meter automatically turns off if you do not turn the
rotary switch or press a button for 30 minutes. If MIN

MAX Recording is enabled, the Meter will not power off.
To disable automatic power-off, refer to Table 4.

Input Alert Feature

If a test lead is plugged into the mA/µA or A terminal, but
the rotary switch is not set to the correct current position,
the beeper warns you by making a chirping sound and
the display flashes “LEAd”. This warning is intended to
stop you from attempting to measure voltage, continuity,
resistance, capacitance, or diode values when the leads
are plugged into a current terminal.

XW Caution

Placing the probes across (in parallel with) a
powered circuit when a lead is plugged into a
current terminal can damage the circuit you
are testing and blow the Meter's fuse. This
can happen because the resistance through
the Meter's current terminals is very low, so
the Meter acts like a short circuit.

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Model 88 V

Users Manual

Making Measurements

The following sections describe how to take
measurements with the Meter.

Measuring AC and DC Voltage

The Meter's voltage ranges are 600.0 mV, 6.000 V,

60.00 V, 600.0 V, and 1000 V. To select the 600.0 mV dc
range, turn the rotary switch to mV. To measure ac or dc
voltage, refer to Figure 2.

When measuring voltage, the Meter acts approximately
like a 10 MΩ (10,000,000 Ω) impedance in parallel with
the circuit. This loading effect can cause measurement
errors in high-impedance circuits. In most cases, the error
is negligible (0.1% or less) if the circuit impedance is 10
kΩ (10,000 Ω) or less.

For better accuracy when measuring the dc offset of an
ac voltage, measure the ac voltage first. Note the ac
voltage range, then manually select a dc voltage range
equal to or higher than the ac range. This procedure
improves the accuracy of the dc measurement by
ensuring that the input protection circuits are not
activated.

88

AC Voltage

Switch Box

AutoHOLD

RANGE

MIN MAX

Hz %

REL

V

A

COM

mA

A

400mA
FUSED

10A MAX
FUSED

DC Voltage

mV

88

AutoHOLD

RANGE

MIN MAX

Hz %

REL

V

A

COM

mA

A

400mA
FUSED

10A MAX
FUSED

+

Figure 2. Measuring AC and DC Voltage

aug01f.eps

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Automotive Multimeter
Making Measurements

Measuring Temperature

The Meter measures the temperature of a type-K
thermocouple (included). Choose between degrees
Celsius (°C) or degrees Fahrenheit (°F) by pushing C.

XW Caution

To avoid possible damage to the Meter or
other equipment, remember that while the
Meter is rated for -200.0 °C to +1090.0 °C and

-328.0 °F to 1994.0 °F, the included K-Type
Thermocouple is rated to 260 °C. For
temperatures out of that range, use a higher
rated thermocouple.

Display ranges are -200.0 °C to +1090.0 °C and

-328.0 °F to 1994.0 °F. Readings outside of these ranges
show OL on the Meter display. When there is no
thermocouple connected, the display shows OPEn for
Meters above serial number (90710501) and OL for
meters below serial number (90710501).

Note

To locate the serial number remove the Meter
from the holster. The serial number is on the
back of the holster.

To measure temperature, do the following:

1. Connect a type-K thermocouple to the Meter’s COM

and h terminals.

2. Turn the rotary switch to M.

3. Press A to enter temperature mode.

4. Push C to choose Celsius or Fahrenheit.

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Model 88 V

Users Manual

Testing for Continuity

XWCaution

To avoid possible damage to the Meter or to
the equipment under test, disconnect circuit
power and discharge all high-voltage
capacitors before testing for continuity.

The continuity test features a beeper that sounds as long
as a circuit is complete. The beeper allows you to perform
quick continuity tests without having to watch the display.

To test for continuity, set up the Meter as shown in
Figure 3 .

Press Eto turn the continuity beeper on or off.

The continuity function detects intermittent opens and
shorts lasting as little as 1ms. A brief short causes the
Meter to emit a short beep.

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Automotive Multimeter
Making Measurements

For in-circuit tests, turn circuit power off.

88

ON

(closed)
Activates
continuity

88

OFF
(open)

beeper

MIN MAX

A

mA

A

10A MAX

FUSED

Hz %

REL

COM

400mA
FUSED

AutoHOLD

RANGE

MIN MAX

A

mA

A

10A MAX
FUSED

Hz %

REL

COM

400mA

FUSED

ayg03.eps

AutoHOLD

RANGE

Figure 3. Testing for Continuity

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Model 88 V

Users Manual

Measuring Resistance

XWCaution

• To avoid possible damage to the

Meter or to the equipment under
test, disconnect circuit power and
discharge all high-voltage capacitors
before measuring resistance.

• Follow the manufacturers test

procedures when testing air bags.
See Table 19 for current levels.

The Meter measures resistance by sending a small
current through the circuit. Because this current flows
through all possible paths between the probes, the
resistance reading represents the total resistance of all
paths between the probes.

The Meter's resistance ranges are 600.0 Ω, 6.000 kΩ,

60.00 kΩ, 600.0 kΩ, 6.000 MΩ, and 50.00 MΩ.

To measure resistance, set up the Meter as shown in
Figure 4.

The following are some tips for measuring resistance:

• The measured value of a resistor in a circuit is often

different from the resistor's rated value.

• The test leads can add 0.1 Ω to 0.2 Ω of error to

resistance measurements. To test the leads, touch
the probe tips together and read the resistance of the
leads. If necessary, you can use the relative (REL)
mode to automatically subtract this value.

• The resistance function can produce enough voltage

to forward-bias silicon diode or transistor junctions,
causing them to conduct. If this is suspected, press
C to apply a lower current in the next higher
range. If the value is higher, use the higher value.
Refer to Table 19.

• For low ohms tests, use 600 Ω and press H for 1

second to enter Hi-Res mode. The display will show

0.01 Ω resolution up to 199.99 Ω.

18

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Automotive Multimeter
Making Measurements

In-Circuit Resistance Measurements

Isolating a Potentiometer

Circuit Power

OFF

1

2

3

Disconnect

1

2

3

MIN MAX

88

AutoHOLD

RANGE

Hz %

REL

Isolating a Resistor

A

10A MAX

COM

mA

A

400mA
FUSED

FUSED

Disconnect

aug06f.eps

Figure 4. Measuring Resistance

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Model 88 V

Users Manual

Using Conductance for High Resistance or Leakage Tests

Conductance, the inverse of resistance, is the ability of a
circuit to pass current.

The Meter's 60 nS range measures conductance in
nanosiemens (1 nS = 0.000000001 Siemens). Because
such small amounts of conductance correspond to
extremely high resistance, the nS range lets you
determine the resistance of components up to 100,000
MΩ, 1/1 nS = 1,000 MΩ. This test might be used to test
DIS coil packs on a car.

To measure conductance, set up the Meter as shown for
measuring resistance (Figure 4); then press Cuntil
the nS indicator appears on the display.

The following are some tips for measuring conductance:

• High-resistance readings are susceptible to

electrical noise. To smooth out most noisy readings,
enter the MIN MAX recording mode; then step to the
average (AVG) reading.

• There is normally a residual conductance reading

with the test leads open. To ensure accurate
readings, use the relative (REL) mode to subtract
the residual value.

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Automotive Multimeter
Making Measurements

Measuring Capacitance

88

XWCaution

To avoid possible damage to the Meter or to
the equipment under test, disconnect circuit
power and discharge all high-voltage
capacitors before measuring capacitance.
Use the dc voltage function to confirm that
the capacitor is discharged.

Select

Capacitance

AutoHOLD

RANGE

MIN MAX

Hz %

REL

The Meter's capacitance ranges are 10.00 nF, 100.0 nF,

1.000 µF, 10.00 µF, 100.0 µF, and 9999 µF.

A

COM

mA

A

400mA
FUSED

10A MAX

FUSED

To measure capacitance, set up the Meter as shown in
Figure 5.

To improve the accuracy of measurements less than
1000 nF, use the relative (REL) mode to subtract the
residual capacitance of the Meter and leads.

+
+
+

Note

If too much electrical charge is present on the

+
+
+
+
+

capacitor being tested, the display shows

“

diSC”.

+

ayg02f.eps

Figure 5. Measuring Capacitance

21

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Users Manual

Testing Diodes

XWCaution

To avoid possible damage to the Meter or to
the equipment under test, disconnect circuit
power and discharge all high-voltage
capacitors before testing diodes.

Use the diode test to check diodes, transistors, silicon
controlled rectifiers (SCRs), and other semiconductor
devices. This function tests a semiconductor junction by
sending a current through the junction, then measuring
the junction's voltage drop. A good silicon junction drops
between 0.5 V and 0.8 V.

To test a diode out of a circuit, set up the Meter as shown
in Figure 6. For forward-bias readings on any
semiconductor component, place the red test lead on the
component's positive terminal and place the black lead on
the component's negative terminal.

In a circuit, a good diode should still produce a forward­bias reading of 0.5 V to 0.8 V; however, the reverse-bias
reading can vary depending on the resistance of other
pathways between the probe tips.

A short beep sounds if the diode is good (<0.85 V). A
continuous beep sounds if the reading is ≤0.100 V. This
reading would indicate a short circuit. The display shows
“OL” if the diode is open.

22

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Automotive Multimeter
Making Measurements

88

Typical

Reading

AutoHOLD

RANGE

MIN MAX

Hz %

REL

Forward Bias

+

88

AutoHOLD

RANGE

MIN MAX

Hz %

REL

Reverse Bias

+

Single
Beep

A

A

COM

mA

A

400mA
FUSED

10A MAX
FUSED

COM

mA

A

400mA
FUSED

10A MAX
FUSED

Shorted

88

88

Bad Diode

AutoHOLD

RANGE

MIN MAX

Hz %

REL

A

COM

mA

A

400mA
FUSED

10A MAX
FUSED

Open

Bad Diode

AutoHOLD

RANGE

MIN MAX

Hz %

REL

A

COM

mA

A

400mA
FUSED

10A MAX
FUSED

or

ayg09f.eps

Figure 6. Testing a Diode

23

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Model 88 V

Users Manual

Measuring DC or AC Current

XWWarning

To avoid possible electric shock or personal
injury, never attempt an in-circuit current
measurement where the open-circuit
potential to earth is greater than 1000 V. You
may damage the Meter or be injured if the
fuse blows during such a measurement.

XWCaution

To avoid possible damage to the Meter or to
the equipment under test:

• Check the Meter's fuses before

measuring current. See Testing the Fuse
later in this manual.

• Use the proper terminals, function, and

range for all measurements.

• Never place the probes across (in

parallel with) any circuit or component
when the leads are plugged into the
current terminals.

To measure current, you must break the circuit under
test, then place the Meter in series with the circuit.

The Meter's current ranges are 600.0 µA, 6000 µA,

60.00 mA, 400.0 mA, 6000 mA, and 10 A.

To measure current, refer to Figure 7 and proceed as
follows:

1. Turn off power to the circuit. Discharge all high­voltage capacitors.

2. Insert the black lead into the COM terminal. For
currents between 6 mA and 400 mA, insert the red
lead into the mA/µA terminal. For currents above
400 mA, insert the red lead into the A terminal.

Note

To avoid blowing the Meter's 400 mA fuse, use
the mA/
current is less than 400 mA continuously or less
than 600 mA for 18 hours or less.

3. If you are using the A terminal, set the rotary switch
to mA/A. If you are using the mA/µA terminal, set the
rotary switch to µA for currents below 6000 µA
(6 mA), or mA/A for currents above 6000 µA.

4. To measure ac current, press

µ

A terminal only if you are sure the

A.

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Automotive Multimeter
Making Measurements

5. Break the circuit path to be tested. Touch the black
probe to the more negative side of the break; touch
the red probe to the more positive side of the break.
Reversing the leads will produce a negative reading,
but will not damage the Meter.

6. Turn on power to the circuit; then read the display.
Be sure to note the unit given at the right side of the
display (µA, mA, or A).

7. Turn off power to the circuit and discharge all high­voltage capacitors. Remove the Meter and restore
the circuit to normal operation.

The following are some tips for measuring current:

• If the current reading is 0 and you are sure the Meter
is set up correctly, test the Meter's fuses as
described under "Testing the Fuses".

• A small voltage drop across a current meter input
may effect operation of the measured circuit. You
can calculate this burden voltage using the values
listed in the specifications in Table 15.

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Model 88 V

Users Manual

Circuit Power:

Total current to circuit

OFF to connect meter.
ON for measurement.

88

OFF to disconnect meter.

4

MIN MAX

Hz %

REL

3

AutoHOLD

RANGE

5

2

A

10A MAX
FUSED

COM

mA

A

400mA
FUSED

Current through one component

5

ayg07f.eps

Figure 7. Measuring Current

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Automotive Multimeter
Making Measurements

Measuring Frequency

The Meter measures the frequency of a voltage or current
signal by counting the number of times the signal crosses
a threshold level each second.

Table 7 summarizes the trigger levels and applications for
measuring frequency using the various ranges of the
Meter's voltage and current functions.

To measure frequency, connect the Meter to the signal
source; then press
trigger slope between + and -, as indicated by the symbol
at the left side of the display (refer to Figure 8 under
"Measuring Duty Cycle"). Pressing
the counter.

The Meter autoranges to one of five frequency ranges:

199.99 Hz, 1999.9 Hz, 19.999 kHz, 199.99 kHz, and

greater than 200 kHz. For frequencies below 10 Hz, the
display is updated at the frequency of the input.
Below 0.5 Hz, the display may be unstable.

G. Pressing Eswitches the

Dstops and starts

The following are some tips for measuring frequency:

• If a reading shows as 0 Hz or is unstable, the input

signal may be below or near the trigger level. You can
usually correct these problems by selecting a lower
range, which increases the sensitivity of the Meter. In
the L function, the lower ranges also have lower
trigger levels.

• If a reading seems to be a multiple of what you

expect, the input signal may be distorted. Distortion
can cause multiple triggering of the frequency
counter. Selecting a higher voltage range might solve
this problem by decreasing the sensitivity of the
Meter. You can also try selecting a dc range, which
raises the trigger level. In general, the lowest
frequency displayed is the correct one.

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Users Manual

Table 7. Functions and Trigger Levels for Frequency Measurements

Function Range

K

6 V, 60 V,
600 V, 1000 V

600 mV ± 30 mV High-frequency 5 V logic signals. (The dc-coupling of the L function can

Approximate

Trigger Level

± 5 % of scale Most signals.

K

L

m

L
L
L
L

R e E Gd

\

µAF

^

AF 6 A, 10 A 0.30 A, 3.0 A

600 mV 40 mV Refer to the measurement tips given on page 27.

6 V 1.7 V 5 V logic signals (TTL).

60 V 4.0 V Automotive switching signals.

600 V 40 V Refer to the measurement tips given before on page 27.

1000 V 100 V

Frequency counter characteristics are not available or specified for these functions.

All ranges ± 5 % of scale AC current signals.

600 µA, 6000 µA 30 µA, 300 µA Refer to the measurement tips given before this table.

60 mA, 400 mA 3.0 mA, 30 mA

Typical Application

attenuate high-frequency logic signals, reducing their amplitude enough to
interfere with triggering.)

28

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Automotive Multimeter
Making Measurements

Measuring Duty Cycle

Duty cycle (or duty factor) is the percentage of time a
signal is above or below a trigger level during one cycle
(Figure 8). The duty cycle mode is optimized for
measuring the on or off time of logic and switching
signals. Systems such as electronic fuel injection systems
and switching power supplies are controlled by pulses of
varying width, which can be checked by measuring duty
cycle.

To measure duty cycle, set up the Meter to measure
frequency; then press G a second time. As with the

+Slope

Trigger Point

30% Above

+Slope

Figure 8. Components of Duty Cycle Measurements

-Slope
Trigger Point

100%

frequency function, you can change the slope for the
Meter's counter by pressing E.

For 5 V logic signals, use the 6 V dc range. For 12 V
switching signals in automobiles, use the 60 V dc range.
For sine waves, use the lowest range that does not result
in multiple triggering. (Normally, a distortion-free signal
can be up to ten times the amplitude of the selected
voltage range.)

If a duty cycle reading is unstable, press B; then
scroll to the AVG (average) display.

70% Below

-Slope

ayg39f.eps

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Model 88 V

Users Manual

Measuring Pulse Width

For a periodic waveform (its pattern repeats at equal time
intervals), you can determine the amount of time that the
signal is high or low as follows:

1. Measure the signal's frequency by pressing G
once.

2. Press

3. Press E to toggle between the signal’s positive

G two more times to measure pulse width

in milliseconds (ms)

or negative pulse.

Bar Graph

The analog bar graph functions like the needle on an
analog meter, but without the overshoot. The bar graph
updates 40 times per second. Because the graph
responds 10 times faster than the digital display, it is
useful for observing momentary changes, for making
peak and null adjustments and for observing rapidly
changing inputs. The graph is not shown for capacitance,
frequency counter functions, temperature, or peak min
max.

The number of lit segments indicates the measured value
and is relative to the full-scale value of the selected
range.

In the 60 V range, for example, the major divisions on the
scale represent 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 V. An input of -30 V
lights the negative sign and the segments up to the
middle of the scale.

The bar graph also has a zoom function, as described
under "Zoom Mode".

Zoom Mode (Power Up Option Only)

To use the Rel Zoom Bar Graph:

1. Hold down F while turning the Meter on. The
display reads “2rEL”.

2. Select the relative mode by pressing F again.

3. The center of the bar graph now represents zero and
the sensitivity of the bar graph increases by a factor
of 10. Measured values more negative than the
stored reference activate segments to the left of
center; values more positive activate segments to the
right of center.

Uses for the Zoom Mode

The relative mode, combined with the increased
sensitivity of the bar graph's zoom mode, helps you make
fast and accurate zero and peak adjustments.

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Automotive Multimeter
HiRes Mode

For zero adjustments, set the Meter to the desired
function, short the test leads together, press F; then
connect the leads to the circuit under test. Adjust the
circuit's variable component until the display reads zero.
Only the center segment on the zoom bar graph is lit.

For peak adjustments, set the Meter to the desired
function, connect the leads to the circuit under test; then
press F. The display reads zero. As you adjust for a
positive or negative peak, the bar graph length increases
to the right or left of zero. If an overange symbol lights
(< or >), press
continue with the adjustment.

F twice to set a new reference; then

HiRes Mode

Pressing H for one second causes the Meter to enter the
high-resolution (HiRes), 4-1/2 digit mode. Readings are
displayed at 10 times the normal resolution with a
maximum display of 19,999 counts. The HiRes mode
works in all modes except capacitance, frequency counter
functions, temperature, and the 250 µs (peak) MIN MAX
modes.

To return to the 3-1/2 digit mode, press H again for one
second.

MIN MAX Recording Mode

The MIN MAX mode records minimum and maximum
input values. When the inputs go below the recorded
minimum value or above the recorded maximum value,
the Meter beeps and records the new value. This mode
can be used to capture intermittent readings, record
maximum readings while you are away or record readings
while you are operating the equipment under test and
cannot watch the Meter. MIN MAX mode can also
calculate an average of all readings taken since the MIN
MAX mode was activated. To use MIN MAX mode, refer
to the functions in Table 8.

Response time is the length of time an input must stay at
a new value to be recorded. A shorter response time
captures shorter events, but with decreased accuracy.
Changing the response time erases all recorded
readings. Model 88 V has 100 millisecond, and 250 µs
(peak) response times. The 250 µs response time is
indicated by "p" on the display.

The 100 millisecond response time is best for recording
power supply surges, inrush currents, and finding
intermittent failures.

The true average value (AVG) displayed in the 100 ms
mode is the mathematical integral of all readings taken
since the start of recording (overloads are discarded).

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Users Manual

The average reading is useful for smoothing out unstable
inputs, calculating power consumption, or estimating the
percentage of time a circuit is active.

Note

Monitoring average while testing oxygen sensors
displays fuel trim trends.

Min Max records the signal extremes lasting longer than
100 ms.

Peak records the signal extremes lasting longer than
250 µs.

Smooth Feature (Power Up Option Only)

When the input signal changes rapidly, “smoothing”
provides a steadier reading on the display by averaging
multiple samples.

To use the smooth feature:

1. Hold down C while turning the Meter on. The
display will read “

2. The smooth icon (g) will appear on the left side of
the display to let you know that smoothing is active.

5___” until C is released.

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Automotive Multimeter
Smooth Feature (Power Up Option Only)

Table 8. MIN MAX Functions

Button MIN MAX Function

Enter MIN MAX recording mode. The Meter is locked in the range displayed before you

B

entered MIN MAX mode. (Select the desired measurement function and range before
entering MIN MAX.) The Meter beeps each time a new minimum or maximum value is
recorded.

B

(while in MIN MAX mode)

E

PEAK MIN MAX

Step through maximum (MAX), minimum (MIN), average (AVG) and present values.

Select 100 ms or 250 µs response time. (The 250 µs response time is indicated by
pon the display.) Stored values are erased. The present and AVG (average) values
are not available when 250 µs is selected.

D Stop recording without erasing stored values. Press again to resume recording.

B

(hold for 1 second)

33

Exit MIN MAX mode. Stored values are erased. The Meter stays in the selected range.

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Users Manual

AutoHOLD Mode

XWWarning

To avoid possible electric shock or personal
injury, do not use AutoHOLD mode to
determine that circuits are without power.
The AutoHOLD mode will not capture
unstable or noisy readings.

The AutoHOLD mode captures the present reading on
the display. When a new, stable reading is detected, the
Meter beeps and displays the new reading. To enter or
exit AutoHOLD mode, press

D.

Relative Mode

Selecting relative mode ( F) causes the Meter to
zero the display and store the present reading as the
reference for subsequent measurements. The Meter is
locked into the range selected when you pressed F.

Fagain to exit this mode.

Press

In relative mode, the reading shown is always the
difference between the present reading and the stored
reference value. For example, connect to battery with
engine off, press F and start the engine to see
charging voltage.

Note

The bar graph continues to display the actual
voltage.

Using the Meter for Automotive Applications

This section uses some typical automotive testing
applications. This information is intended to assist you in
learning how to use the Meter. Consult your service
manual for test procedures specific to your car.

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Automotive Multimeter
Using the Meter for Automotive Applications

Measuring RPM

RPM can be measured in either the dc volts or ac volts
function. In dc volts, the measurement is dc-coupled,
while in the ac volts position, it is ac coupled. If RPM
readings appear noisy, you should use the function
setting that provides the most stable reading.

Two RPM functions are available:

• RPM o is used for conventional 4-cycle engines.

• RPM n is used for 2-cycle engines or waste spark

DIS 4-cycle engines (1 count/revolution).

When RPM is first selected, the Meter is in the 6 V dc
range. (The range is indicated by the number shown at the
right end of the analog bar graph.) If the reading is
unstable, move to the 60 V range by pressing

The Meter comes with an inductive pickup. The inductive
pickup takes the magnetic field generated by the current in
the spark plug wire and converts it to a pulse that triggers
the Meter's RPM measurement. The Meter can also read
RPM directly from appropriate signals (like the camshaft
position sensor or tach signals) using test leads rather
than the inductive pickup.

• If the meter reading is too high or is unstable, move

to the next V range by pressing C once.

C once.

• On some systems with non-resistor plugs, the pickup

may need to be moved away from plug or use the AC
function.

• On DIS waste spark systems, the pickup may need

to be reversed, depending on what side of the coil
the plug is on.

Note

When RPM measurements are displayed, the
last digit on the display might not settle. If you
want a more stable display, use the Smooth
function. In Smooth mode, multiple
measurements are averaged before a value is
displayed. Refer to the Smooth Feature earlier in
this manual.

XWWarning

To avoid personal injury, make sure that the
engine is off before connecting or removing
the pickup. The ignition system can create a
potential shock hazard.

1. Turn engine off.

2. Connect output plug of Inductive Pickup in the input
terminals shown. Make sure the (-) plug is in COM
and the (+) is in RPM. See Figure 9.

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Users Manual

3. Turn rotary switch to K or L.

4. For 4-cycle engines that fire once every other
revolution, press A once to select RPMo. For
systems that fire every revolution (2-cycle engines),
and for DIS waste spark systems, press A twice
to select RPMn.

5. Clamp the Inductive Pickup to a plug wire near the
spark plug. (Make sure that the jaws are closed
completely and the side labeled SPARK PLUG SIDE
faces the spark plug).

6. Turn engine on. Read RPM on the display. Turn the
engine off before removing Pickup.

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Automotive Multimeter
Using the Meter for Automotive Applications

6

4

3

SPARK PLUG SIDE

5

MIN MAX

88

AutoHOLD

RANGE

Hz %

REL

2

A

10A MAX

FUSED

COM

mA

A

400mA
FUSED

ayg21f.eps

Figure 9. Measuring RPM with Inductive Pickup

37

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Users Manual

Testing MAP or BP/MAP Sensors with Frequency Output

To use the Frequency function to check barometric
pressure/ manifold absolute pressure (BP/MAP) sensors:

1. Insert the test leads in the input terminals as shown
in Figure 10.

2. Set the rotary switch to L.

3. Connect the test lead clips to the circuit according to
the manufacturer’s wiring diagrams.

4. Press G
the display. Press C repeatedly to step to the 6 V
range. "6" should appear at the right side of the
display. Use E to change trigger slope.

5. With the ignition KEY ON but the ENGINE OFF
(KOEO), pump the vacuum up.

6. Watch the frequency change on the display.
Compare the frequency at various vacuum readings
with the specifications in the vehicle’s service
manual. At 0 inches of mercury, the frequency should
match specification for your altitude.

once to select frequency. Hz appears on

Note

Frequency measurements can be made on
voltage (V dc, V ac, or mV dc) or current inputs
(mA/A ac or dc). In automotive applications,
however, most Frequency measurements will be
made using the volts ac function.

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Automotive Multimeter
Using the Meter for Automotive Applications

6

4

MIN MAX

88

AutoHOLD

RANGE

Hz %

REL

2

1

A

10A MAX

FUSED

COM

mA

A

400mA
FUSED

3

ayg22f.eps

Figure 10. Testing MAP or BP/MAP Sensors with Frequency Output

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Users Manual

Measuring Internal Resistance of an Ignition Coil

When measuring resistance, be sure that the contact
between the probes and the circuit is clean. Dirt, oil, paint,
rust or other foreign matter seriously affect resistance.
Measure resistance in the primary and secondary coils
when the coil is hot and cold.

1. Insert test leads in the input terminals shown in
Figure 11.

2. Turn rotary switch to

3. Touch the probes as shown to measure resistance in
primary windings.

4. Observe display. Resistance should be less than a
few ohms.

5. Touch probes as shown to measure resistance in
secondary windings.

6. Observe display. Resistance should typically be
about 10 k.

N.

XWWarning

To avoid possible electric shock or damage
to the Meter turn engine off before making
measurements.

40

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Automotive Multimeter
Using the Meter for Automotive Applications

88

AutoHOLD

RANGE

MIN MAX

Hz %

REL

A

COM

mA

A

4 6

3

2

88

AutoHOLD

RANGE

MIN MAX

Hz %

REL

A

COM

mA

A

5

1

10A MAX
FUSED

400mA
FUSED

10A MAX

FUSED

400mA
FUSED

ayg11f.eps

Figure 11. Measuring Internal Resistance on an Ignition Coil

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Users Manual

Measuring Pulse Width on a Port Fuel Injector

In Pulse Width (and Duty Cycle), the meter defaults to (-)
trigger slope; (time signal is low). Press E
(± TRIGGER) to toggle between (±) trigger slopes. The
slope is indicated by the + or - sign next to “Trig” in the
lower-left corner of the display.

To measure pulse width on most port fuel injectors:

1. Insert test leads in the input terminals shown in
Figure 12.

2. Set the rotary switch to

3. Connect the test leads as shown.

4. Press G three times to select Pulse Width. The
display shows ms.

5. Start the engine. Read the display.

L.

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Using the Meter for Automotive Applications

88

5

3

MIN MAX

RANGE

AutoHOLD

Hz %

REL

4

2

A

10A MAX

FUSED

COM

mA

A

400mA
FUSED

1

ayg12f.eps

Figure 12. Measuring Pulse Width on a Port Fuel Injector

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Users Manual

Testing Ripple Voltage on an Alternator

Ripple voltage or ac voltage can be measured by
switching your meter to ac and connecting the black lead
to a good ground and the red lead to the “BAT” terminal
on the back of the alternator (not at the battery).

1. Insert the test leads as shown in Figure 13.

2. Set the rotary switch to

3. Touch the red probe to the “BAT” side of the
alternator and the black probe to ground.

4. Read the display. A good alternator should measure
less than 0.5 V ac with the engine running. A higher
reading indicates damaged alternator diodes.

K.

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Automotive Multimeter
Using the Meter for Automotive Applications

4

MIN MAX

88

AutoHOLD

RANGE

Hz %

REL

2

A

10A MAX

FUSED

COM

mA

A

400mA
FUSED

1

3

ayg16f.eps

Figure 13. Testing Ripple Voltage on an Alternator

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Model 88 V

Users Manual

Measuring Voltages on a Typical Oxygen Sensor

Watch the bar graph sweep as oxygen voltage changes.
Depending on the driving conditions, the oxygen voltage
will rise and fall, but it usually averages around

0.450 V dc.

1. Shut the engine off and insert test lead in the input
terminals shown in Figure 14.

2. Set the rotary switch to

3. Press C three times to select the 6 V range.

4. Connect the test leads as shown.

5. Start the engine. If the oxygen sensor is unheated,
fast-idle the car for a few minutes. Then press B
to select MIN MAX Recording.

6. Press the B button to display maximum (MAX)
oxygen voltage; press again to display minimum
(MIN) voltage; press again to display average (AVG)
voltage; press and hold down MIN MAX for 2
seconds to exit.

L.

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Automotive Multimeter
Using the Meter for Automotive Applications

88

6

5

3

AutoHOLD

RANGE

MIN MAX

Hz %

REL

2

A

10A MAX

FUSED

COM

mA

A

400mA
FUSED

1

4

ayg14f.eps

Figure 14. Measuring Voltages on a Typical Oxygen Sensor

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Model 88 V

Users Manual

Measuring Starter Circuit Voltage Drop

Since AutoHOLD ignores readings of 0, it will retain the
voltage drop after you quit cranking.

1. Insert test leads in the input terminals shown in
Figure 15.

2. Set the rotary switch to
over 600 mV, “0L” will appear. Switch to L and

select the 6 V range.

3. Press D, RS is displayed.

4. Touch probes across the connection to be measured.

5. Crank engine 4-5 seconds. Meter holds voltage drop
between the probes on the display.

6. Press D again to exit AutoHOLD.

M. If you are measuring

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Automotive Multimeter
Using the Meter for Automotive Applications

88

5

3

AutoHOLD

RANGE

MIN MAX

Hz %

REL

2

+

A

10A MAX
FUSED

COM

mA

A

400mA
FUSED

1

–

4

ayg17f.eps

Figure 15. Measuring Starter Circuit Voltage Drop

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Model 88 V

Users Manual

Testing the Throttle Position Sensor Voltage

The throttle position sensor sends a signal to the
computer indicating the position of the throttle. To test the
throttle position sensor:

1. Insert test leads in the input terminals shown in
Figure 16.

2. Turn the ignition KEY ON but the ENGINE OFF
(KOEO).

3. Set the rotary switch to
times to step to the 6 V range.

4. Press B and E to enable peak MIN MAX
mode.

5. Connect the test leads as shown Figure 16.

6. Rotate the throttle plate to full open and back to the
throttle stop to test the full motion of the sensor.
Press B to read the minimum and maximum
values.

L and press C three

Testing the Throttle Position Sensor Resistance

1. Insert test leads in the input terminals shown in
Figure 16.

2. Set the rotary switch to N.

3. Press C to select Manual range. Press C to
repeatedly to stip to the 6 kΩ range.

4. Connect the test leads as shown in Figure 16.

5. Rotate the throttle position sensor by moving the
throttle.

6. Look at the display and read the bar graph.

As you rotate the throttle position sensor to change
resistance, the display should move smoothly (not
erratically).

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Automotive Multimeter
Using the Meter for Automotive Applications

88

7

4

5

AutoHOLD

RANGE

MIN MAX

Hz %

REL

A

10A MAX
FUSED

COM

mA

A

400mA
FUSED

3

1

ayg15f.eps

Figure 16. Testing the Throttle Position Sensor Resistance

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Users Manual

Isolating a Circuit Causing a Current Drain

1. Insert the test leads in the input terminals shown in
Figure 17.

2. Turn switch to

3. Disconnect battery terminal and touch probes as
shown.

Use a battery isolator momentarily while
connecting the meter to retain PCM memory.

4. Isolate circuit causing current drain by pulling out one
fuse after another while reading the display.

5. Current reading will drop when the fuse on the bad
circuit is pulled.

6. Reinstall fuse and test components (including
connectors) of that circuit to find defective
component(s).

e.

Note

XWWarning

To avoid electric shock or personal injury, do
not attempt this test on a lead-acid battery
that has recently been recharged.

XWCaution

Do not crank the engine or operate
accessories that draw more than 10 A. You
could blow the fuse in the Meter.

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Automotive Multimeter
Using the Meter for Automotive Applications

88

5

4

AutoHOLD

RANGE

MIN MAX

Hz %

REL

2

3

+

A

10A MAX

FUSED

COM

mA

A

400mA
FUSED

1

ayg18f.eps

Figure 17. Isolating Circuit Causing Current Drain

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Model 88 V

Users Manual

Measuring System Voltage

Bleed the surface charge from the battery by turning the
headlights on for 1 minute. Measure the voltage across
the battery terminal with the lights off. When possible,
individual cell specific gravity should be checked with a
hydrometer. A load test should be done to indicate battery
performance under load. Voltage tests only tell the state
of charge, not the battery condition. To measure system
voltage:

1. Insert test leads in the input terminals shown in
Figure 18.

2. Set the switch to

3. Turn on lights for 1 minute to bleed off surface
charge.

4. Turn lights off and touch probes to circuit.

5. Read the display. A fully charged battery typically
shows about 12.6 V. See other typical values in
Table 9.

V.

Table 9. Battery Charge Voltages

Voltage % Charge

12.60 to 12.72 V 100

12.45 V 75

12.30 V 50

12.15 V 25
Readings obtained at 80 °F (27 °C)

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Automotive Multimeter
Using the Meter for Automotive Applications

5

MIN MAX

88

AutoHOLD

RANGE

Hz %

REL

2

+

A

10A MAX

FUSED

COM

mA

A

400mA
FUSED

1

4

ayg19f.eps

Figure 18. Measuring the No-Load Voltage of a Battery

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Model 88 V

Users Manual

Testing for Continuity in a Switch

A continuity test verifies that you have a closed circuit.
The continuity function detects opens or shorts as fast as
1 millisecond. This can be a valuable trouble-shooting aid
when looking for intermittents associated with cables,
connections, switches, and relays.

1. Insert test leads in the input terminals shown in
Figure 19.

2. Turn rotary switch to N.

3. Press the E button.

4. Connect probes to stoplight switch.

5. Press brake pedal and listen for tone. If tone sounds,
stoplight switch is good.

XWCaution

To avoid possible damage to the meter or to
equipment under test, disconnect the power
to the circuit under test and discharge all
high voltage capacitors before testing
resistance, continuity or diodes.

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Automotive Multimeter

Using the Meter for Automotive Applications

88

5

3

AutoHOLD

RANGE

MIN MAX

Hz %

REL

A

10A MAX

FUSED

COM

mA

A

400mA
FUSED

2

1

4

5

ayg20f.eps

Figure 19. Testing for Continuity in a Switch

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Model 88 V

Users Manual

Maintenance

XWWarning

To avoid possible electric shock or personal
injury, repairs or servicing not covered in
this manual should be performed only by
qualified personnel.

General Maintenance

Periodically wipe the case with a damp cloth and mild
detergent. Do not use abrasives or solvents.

Dirt or moisture in the terminals can affect readings and
can falsely activate the Input Alert feature. Clean the
terminals as follows:

1. Turn the Meter off and remove all test leads.

2. Shake out any dirt that may be in the terminals.

3. Soak a new swab with a cleaning and oiling agent
(such as WD-40). Work the swab around in each
terminal. The oiling agent insulates the terminals
from moisture-related activation of the Input Alert
feature.

Note

Do not spray lubricant directly on the terminals.

Testing the Fuse

If a test lead is plugged into the mA/µA or A terminal and
the rotary switch is turned to a non-current function, the
Meter chirps and flashes “LEAd” if the fuse associated
with that current terminal is good. If the Meter does not
chirp or flash “LEAd”, the fuse is bad and must be
replaced. Refer to Table 10 for the appropriate
replacement fuse.

To test the quality of the fuse and the current shunt:
before measuring current, set rotary switch to N and
test the appropriate fuse as shown in Figure 20. If the
tests give readings other than those shown, have the
Meter serviced.

XWWarning

To avoid electrical shock or personal injury,
remove the test leads and any input signals
before replacing the battery or fuses. To
prevent damage or injury, install ONLY
specified replacement fuses with the
amperage, voltage, and speed ratings shown
in Table 10.

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Automotive Multimeter
Maintenance

Good F2 fuse: 00.0 Ω to

00.5 Ω

Replace fuse: OL

Touch top half

of input contacts

Good F1 fuse: 0.995 kΩ to

1.005 kΩ

Replace fuse: OL

Figure 20. Testing the Current Fuses

88

MIN MAX

AmACOM

A

400mA
FUSED

10A MAX

FUSED

88

MIN MAX

AmACOM

A

400mA
FUSED

10A MAX

FUSED

AutoHOLD

RANGE

Hz %

REL

AutoHOLD

RANGE

Hz %

REL

ayg05f.eps

Replacing the Battery

Replace the battery with a 9 V battery (NEDA A1604,
6F22, or 006P).

XWWarning

To avoid false readings, which could lead to
possible electric shock or personal injury,
replace the battery as soon as the battery
indicator (b) appears. If the display shows
“bAtt” the Meter will not function until the
battery is replaced.

Replace the battery as follows, refer to Figure 21:

1. Turn the rotary switch to OFF and remove the test
leads from the terminals.

2. Remove the battery door by using a standard-blade
screwdriver to turn the battery door screws one­quarter turn counterclockwise.

3. Replace the battery and the battery door. Secure the
door by turning the screws one-quarter turn
clockwise.

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Users Manual

Replacing the Fuses

Referring to Figure 21, examine or replace the Meter's
fuses as follows:

1. Turn the rotary switch to OFF and remove the test
leads from the terminals.

2. Remove the battery door by using a standard-blade
screwdriver to turn the battery door screws one­quarter turn counterclockwise.

3. Remove the three Phillips-head screws from the
case bottom and turn the case over.

4. Gently push up the input terminal-end of the top case
from inside the battery compartment to separate the
two halves of the case.

5. Remove the fuse by gently prying one end loose,
then sliding the fuse out of its bracket.

6. Install ONLY specified replacement fuses with the
amperage, voltage, and speed ratings shown in
Table 10.

7. Verify that the rotary switch and the circuit board
switch are in the OFF position.

8. Replace the case top, ensuring that the gasket is
properly seated and case snaps together above the
LCD.

9. Reinstall the three screws and the battery door.
Secure the door by turning the screws one-quarter
turn clockwise.

Service and Parts

If the Meter fails, check the battery and fuses. Review this
manual to verify proper use of the Meter.

Replacement parts and accessories are shown in Tables
10 and 11 and Figure 22.

To order parts and accessories, refer to “Contacting
Fluke”.

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Automotive Multimeter
Service and Parts

F1

F2

Figure 21. Battery and Fuse Replacement

ayg33f.eps

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Model 88 V

Users Manual

Table 10. Replacement Parts

Item Description Qty.

BT1 Battery, 9 V 1
F1 W Fuse, 0.440 A, 1000 V, FAST 1 943121
F2 W Fuse, 11 A, 1000 V, FAST 1 803293
H2-4 Screw, Case 3 832246
H5-9 Screw, Bottom Shield 5 448456
J1-2 Elastomeric Connector 2 817460
MP10-11 Foot, Non-Skid 2 824466
MP2 Shield, Top 1 2073906
MP4 Shield, Bottom 1 2074025
MP5 Case Top (PAD XFER) with Window 88 V 1 2115202
MP6 Case Bottom 1 2073871
MP8 Knob, Switch (PAD XFER) 1 2100482
MP9 Detent, Knob 1 822643
MP13 Shock Absorber 1 828541
MP14 O-Ring, Input Receptacle 1 831933
MP15 Holster 1 2074033
Tilt Stand 1 2074040
MP22 Battery Door 1 2073938
MP27-MP30 Contact RSOB 4 1567683
MP31 Mask, LCD (PAD XFER) 88 V 1 2112410
MP41 Housing, RSOB 1 2073945
WTo ensure safety, use exact replacement only.

Fluke Part or Model

Number

2139179

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Automotive Multimeter
Service and Parts

Table 10. Replacement Parts (cont.)

Item Description Qty.

MP390-391 Access Door Fastener 2 948609
U5 LCD, 4.5 DIGIT,TN, Transflective, Bar Graph, OSPR80 1 2065213
CR6 Light pipe 1 2074057
S2 Keypad 1 2105884
TM1 Model 88 V Automotive Multimeter Users Manual (this manual) 1
TM2 Model 88 V Automotive Multimeter Quick Reference Card 1
TM3 CD ROM, 88 1

Fluke Part or Model

Number

2166623
2279006
2278999

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Users Manual

MP8

MP5

64

W

MP8

MP6

H1 (4)

F2

F1

BT1

H5, 6

S2

MP11

MP22

MP31

U5

CR6

MP4

MP2

MP10

Holster

MP15

Figure 22. Replaceable Parts

Tilt Stand

ayg34f.eps

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Automotive Multimeter
Service and Parts

Table 11. Accessories

Item Description

80BK Integrated Temperature Probe (included)

80AK Thermocouple Adapter

AC280 Sure Grip Clip Hook Clips (included)

AC285 Sure Grip Wide-Jaw Alligator Clips

AC89 Insulation Piercing Clip

PV350 Pressure Vacuum Module

RPM80 Inductive Clamp (included)

TL224 Sure Grip Test Lead Set, Heat-Resistant Silicone (included)

TL71 Silicone Insulated Test Lead Set

TP220 Sure Grip Test Probe Set (included)

TPAK ToolPak Magnetic Hanger (included)

Fluke accessories are available from an authorized Fluke distributor.

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Model 88 V

Users Manual

Specifications

General Specifications

Maximum Voltage between any Terminal

and Earth Ground: ..................................................... 1000 V

W Fuse Protection for mA or µA inputs: ................44/100 A, 1000 V FAST Fuse

W Fuse Protection for A input:................................ 11 A, 1000 V FAST Fuse

Display: .......................................................................... Digital: 6000 counts updates 4/sec; (the Meter also has 19,999 counts in

high-resolution mode). Analog Bar Graph: 33 segments, updates
40/sec. Frequency: 19,999 counts, updates 3/sec at > 10 Hz.

Temperature: Operating:........................................... -20 °C to +55 °C; Storage: -40 °C to +60 °C

Altitude: ......................................................................Operating: 2000 m; Storage:10,000 m

Temperature Coefficient: ..........................................0.05 x (specified accuracy)/ °C (< 18 °C or > 28 °C)

Electromagnetic Compatibility: ................................ All ranges unless otherwise noted: In an RF field of 3 V/m total

accuracy = specified accuracy + 20 counts
Except: 600 UA dc range total accuracy = specified accuracy + 60
counts. Temperature not specified.
All ac ranges = specified accuracy + 70 counts.

Relative Humidity: ..................................................... 0 % to 90 % (0 °C to 35 °C); 0 % to 70 % (35 °C to 55 °C)

Battery Type:.............................................................. 9 V zinc, NEDA 1604 or 6F22 or 006P

Battery Life:................................................................ 400 hrs typical with alkaline (with backlight off)

Vibration: .................................................................... Per MIL-PRF-28800 for a Class 2 instrument

Shock:......................................................................... 1 Meter drop per IEC 61010-1:2001

Size (HxWxL):............................................................. 1.25 in x 3.41 in x 7.35 in (3.1 cm x 8.6 cm x 18.6 cm)

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Automotive Multimeter
Specifications

Size with Holster and Flex-Stand:.............................2.06 in x 3.86 in x 7.93 in (5.2 cm x 9.8 cm x 20.1 cm)

Weight: ........................................................................12.5 oz (355 g)

Weight with Holster and Flex-Stand:........................22.0 oz (624 g)

Safety: .........................................................................Complies with ANSI/ISA S82.01-2004, CSA 22.2 No. 1010.1:2004 to

1000 V Overvoltage Category III, IEC 664 to 600 V Overvoltage
Category IV. UL listed to UL61010-1. Licensed by TÜV to EN61010-1.

Detailed Specifications

For all detailed specifications:

Accuracy is given as ± ([% of reading] + [number of least significant digits]) at 18° C to 28° C, with relative humidity up to
90 %, for a period of one year after calibration. AC conversions are ac coupled and are average responding, rms indicating.

Table 12. AC Voltage Function Specifications

Function Range Resolution Accuracy

1

K

1. Below a reading of 200 counts, add 10 counts.

2. Frequency range: 1 kHz to 2.5 kHz.

600.0 mV

6.000 V

60.00 V

600.0 V
1000 V

0.1 mV

0.001 V

0.01 V

0.1 V
1 V

50 Hz - 60 Hz 30 Hz - 1 kHz 1 kHz - 5 kHz

± (0.5 % + 4)
± (0.5 % + 2)
± (0.5 % + 2)
± (0.5 % + 2)
± (0.5 % + 2)

± (1.0 % + 4)
± (1.0 % + 4)
± (1.0 % + 4)
± (1.0 % + 4)
± (1.0 % + 4)

± (2.0 % + 4)
± (2.0 % + 4)
± (2.0 % + 4)

± (2.0 % + 4)

unspecified

2

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Users Manual

Table 13. DC Voltage, Resistance, and Conductance Function Specifications

Function Range Resolution Accuracy

6.000 V

L

F

mV

e

nS

1. When using the REL ∆ function to compensate for offsets.

2. Add 0.5 % of reading when measuring above 30 MΩ in the 50 MΩ range, and 20 counts below 33 nS in the 60 nS range.

60.00 V

600.0 V
1000 V

600.0 mV 0.1 mV ± (0.3 % + 1)

600.0 Ω

6.000 kΩ

60.00 kΩ

600.0 kΩ

6.000 MΩ

50.00 MΩ

60.00 nS

0.001 V

0.01 V

0.1 V
1 V

0.1 Ω

0.001 kΩ

0.01 kΩ

0.1 kΩ

0.001 MΩ

0.01 MΩ

0.01 nS

± (0.1 % + 1)
± (0.1 % + 1)
± (0.1 % + 1)
± (0.1 % + 1)

± (0.4 % + 2)
± (0.4 % + 1)
± (0.4 % + 1)
± (0.7 % + 1)
± (0.7 % + 1)
± (1.0 % + 3)
± (1.0 % + 10)

1

2

1

Table 14. Temperature Specifications

Temperature Resolution Accuracy

- 200 °C to + 1090 °C

- 328 °F to + 1994 °F

1. Does not include error of the thermocouple probe.

2. Accuracy specification assumes ambient temperature stable to
applies after 1 hour.

0.1 °C

0.1 °F

1 % + 10
1 % + 18

± 1 °C. For ambient temperature changes of ± 5 °C, rated accuracy

1,2

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Automotive Multimeter
Specifications

Table 15. Current Function Specifications

Function Range Resolution Accuracy1

mA

\

(45 Hz to 2 kHz)

mA
[

µA B

(45 Hz to 2 kHz)

µAF

1. AC conversion is ac coupled and calibrated to the rms value of a sine wave input.

2. W 10 A continuous up to 35 °C; < 20 minutes on, 5 minutes off at 35 °C to 55 °C. 20 A for 30 seconds maximum; > 10 A

unspecified.

3. Below a reading of 200 counts, add 10 counts.

4. 400 mA continuous; 600 mA for 18 hrs maximum.

60.00 mA

400.0 mA

6.000 A

2

10.00 A

60.00 mA

400.0 mA

6.000 A

2

10.00 A

600.0 µA
6000 µA

600.0 µA
6000 µA

4

4

0.01 mA

0.1 mA

0.001 A

0.01 A

0.01 mA

0.1 mA

0.001 A

0.01 A

0.1 µA
1 µA

0.1 µA
1 µA

± (1.2 % + 2)
± (1.2 % + 2)
± (1.2 % + 2)
± (1.2 % + 2)

± (0.4 % + 4)
± (0.4 % + 2)
± (0.4 % + 4)
± (0.4 % + 2)

± (1.2 % + 2)3
± (1.2 % + 2)

± (0.4 % + 4)
± (0.4 % + 2)

3
3
3
3

3

Burden Voltage (typical)

1.8 mV/mA

1.8 mV/mA

0.03 V/A

0.03 V/A

1.8 mV/mA

1.8 mV/mA

0.03 V/A

0.03 V/A

100 µV/µA
100 µV/µA

100 µV/µA
100 µV/µA

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Table 16. Capacitance and Diode Function Specifications

Function Range Resolution Accuracy

E 10.00 nF

100.0 nF

1.000 µF

10.00 µF

100.0 µF
9999 µF

0.01 nF

0. 1 nF

0.001 µF

0.01 µF

0.1 µF
1 µF

± (1 % + 2)
± (1 % + 2)

± (1 % + 2)
± (1 % + 2)
± (1 % + 2)
± (1 % + 2)

G 3.000 V 0.001 V ± (2 % + 1)

1. With a film capacitor or better, using Relative mode to zero residual.

1

1

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Automotive Multimeter
Specifications

Table 17. Frequency Counter Specifications

Function

Frequency2
(0.5 Hz to 200 kHz,
pulse width > 2 µs)

RPM n 30 to 9,0004 1 RPM ± 2 RPM

RPM o 60 to

% Duty Cycle3 0.0 to 99.9% (0.5 Hz to 200 kHz, Pulse Width >2 µs)

Pulse Width3 0.002 to 1999.9 ms (4 Hz to 200 kHz, Pulse Width >2 µs)

1. Pulse Width range is determined by the frequency of the signal.

2. Frequency measurements can be made on voltage or current inputs. The current inputs are always dc coupled.

3. For rise times <1 µs. Duty Cycle Accuracy: ±(0.2 % per kHz + 0.1%). Pulse Width Accuracy: ±(0.002 ms + 3).

4. Using the RPM80 probe.

Range

199.99

1999.9

19.999 kHz

199.99 kHz
> 200 kHz

4

12,000

Resolution

0.01 Hz

0.1 Hz

0.001 kHz

0.01 kHz

0.1 kHz

1 RPM ± 2 RPM

Accuracy

± (0.01 % + 1)
± (0.01 % + 1)
± (0.01 % + 1)
± (0.01 % + 1)

unspecified

Pulse Width Range

(ms)

1999.9

5.00

0.500

0.0500

1

Resolution

0.1

0.01

0.001

0.0001

(ms)

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Users Manual

Table 18. Frequency Counter Sensitivity and Trigger Levels

Input Range1

5 Hz - 20 kHz 0.5 Hz - 200 kHz

600 mV dc
600 mV ac
6 V
60 V
600 V
1000 V

1. Maximum input for specified accuracy = 10X range or 1000 V.

70 mV (to 400 Hz)
150 mV

0.3 V
3 V
30 V
100 V

Minimum Sensitivity

70 mV (to 400 Hz)
150 mV

0.7 V
7 V (≤140 kHz)
70 V (≤14.0 kHz)
200 V (≤1.4 kHz)

Approximate Trigger Level

(DC Voltage Function)

40 mV


1.7 V
4 V
40 V
100 V

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Automotive Multimeter
Specifications

Table 19. Electrical Characteristics of the Terminals

Function

Overload

Protection

Input Impedance

1

(nominal)

L 1000 V 10 MΩ < 100 pF > 120 dB at dc,

F

mV

1000 V 10 MΩ < 100 pF > 120 dB at dc,

K 1000 V 10 MΩ < 100 pF

(ac-coupled)

Open Circuit

Test Voltage

e 1000 V < 7.5 V dc < 4.1

Common Mode

Rejection Ratio

(1 kΩ unbalance)

50 Hz or 60 Hz

50 Hz or 60 Hz

> 60 dB, dc to 60 Hz

Full Scale Voltage Typical Short Circuit Current

To 6.0 MΩ 50 MΩ or

60 nS

< 4.5

V dc

V dc

600 Ω 6 k 60 k 600 k 6 M 50 M

1 mA 100 µA 10 µA 1µA 1 µA 0.5 µA

Normal Mode Rejection

> 60 dB at 50 Hz or 60 Hz

> 60 dB at 50 Hz or 60 Hz

G 1000 V < 3.9 V dc 3.000 V dc 0.6 mA typical

6

1. 10

V Hz max

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Model 88 V

Users Manual

Nominal Response Accuracy

Table 20. Min Max Recording Specifications

100 ms to 80 %
(dc functions)

120 ms to 80 %
(ac functions)

250 µs (peak)1 Specified accuracy ± 100 counts for changes > 250 µs in duration

1. For repetitive peaks: 1 ms for single events.

Specified accuracy ± 12 counts for changes > 200 ms in duration

Specified accuracy ± 40 counts for changes > 350 ms and inputs > 25 % of range

(add ± 100 counts for readings over 6000 counts)

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