Fluke 87VMAX-PVLEAD1, 87V-MAX, 87V-MAX/E2 KIT User manual

October 2019 Rev. 1, 2/20 © 2019-2020 Fluke Corporation. All rights reserved. Specifications are subject to change without notice. All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.
87V MAX
Digital Multimeter
Users Manual
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Lifetime Limited Warranty
Each Fluke 20, 70, 80, 170, 180 and 280 Series DMM will be free from defects in material and workmanship for its lifetime. As used herein, “lifetime” is defined as seven years after Fluke discontinues manufacturing the product, but the warranty period shall be at least ten years from the date of purchase. This warranty does not cover fuses, disposable batteries, damage from neglect, misuse, contamination, alteration, accident or abnormal conditions of operation or handling, including failures caused by use outside of the product’s specifications, or normal wear and tear of mechanical components. This warranty covers the original purchaser only and is not transferable.
For ten years from the date of purchase, this warranty also covers the LCD. Thereafter, for the lifetime of the DMM, Fluke will replace the LCD for a fee based on then current component acquisition costs.
To establish original ownership and prove date of purchase, please complete and return the registration card accompanying the product, or register your product on Fluke will, at its option, repair at no charge, replace or refund the purchase price of a defective product purchased through a Fluke authorized sales outlet and at the applicable international price. Fluke reserves the right to charge for importation costs of repair/replacement parts if the product purchased in one country is sent for repair elsewhere.
If the product is defective, contact your nearest Fluke authorized service center to obtain return authorization information, then send the product to that service center, with a description of the difficulty, postage and insurance prepaid (FOB Destination). Fluke assumes no risk for damage in transit. Fluke will pay return transportation for product repaired or replaced in-warranty. Before making any non-warranty repair, Fluke will estimate cost and obtain authorization, then invoice you for repair and return transportation.
THIS WARRANTY IS YOUR ONLY REMEDY. NO OTHER WARRANTIES, SUCH AS FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. FLUKE SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES, INCLUDING LOSS OF DATA, ARISING FROM ANY CAUSE OR THEORY. AUTHORIZED RESELLERS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED TO EXTEND ANY DIFFERENT WARRANTY ON FLUKE’S BEHALF. Since some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of an implied warranty or of incidental or consequential damages, this limitation of liability may not apply to you. If any provision of this warranty is held invalid or unenforceable by a court or other decision-maker of competent jurisdiction, such holding will not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision.
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Table of Contents

Title Page
Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1
How to Contact Fluke ..................................................................................................... 1
Safety Information .......................................................................................................... 1
Features ......................................................................................................................... 2
Automatic Power-Off ................................................................................................. 8
Input Alert™ Feature ................................................................................................. 8
Power-Up Options ..................................................................................................... 8
How to Make Measurements .......................................................................................... 10
AC and DC Voltage Measurements ........................................................................... 10
Zero Input Behavior of True-rms Meter ..................................................................... 11
Low-Pass Filter .......................................................................................................... 11
Temperature Measurements ..................................................................................... 12
Continuity Tests ......................................................................................................... 13
Resistance Measurements ........................................................................................ 15
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How to Use Conductance for High Resistance or Leakage Tests ............................ 17
Capacitance Measurements ..................................................................................... 18
Diode Tests ............................................................................................................... 19
AC or DC Current Measurements ............................................................................. 21
Frequency Measurements ........................................................................................ 24
Duty Cycle Measurements ........................................................................................ 26
How to Determine Pulse Width ................................................................................. 27
Bargraph ........................................................................................................................ 27
Zoom Mode (Power Up Option Only) ........................................................................ 28
Uses for the Zoom Mode .......................................................................................... 28
HiRes Mode ................................................................................................................... 28
MIN MAX Recording Mode ............................................................................................ 29
Smooth Feature (Power Up Option Only) ...................................................................... 29
AutoHOLD Mode ........................................................................................................... 31
Relative Mode ................................................................................................................ 31
Maintenance .................................................................................................................. 32
General Maintenance ................................................................................................ 32
Fuse Test .................................................................................................................. 32
How to Replace the Batteries.................................................................................... 33
How to Replace the Fuses ........................................................................................ 34
Service and Parts .......................................................................................................... 34
General Specifications ................................................................................................... 38
Detailed Specifications .................................................................................................. 40
AC Voltage ................................................................................................................ 40
DC Voltage, Conductance, and Resistance .............................................................. 41
Temperature ............................................................................................................. 42
AC Current ................................................................................................................ 42
DC Current ................................................................................................................ 43
Capacitance .............................................................................................................. 43
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Conten
Diode ......................................................................................................................... 44
Frequency ................................................................................................................. 44
Frequency Counter Sensitivity and Trigger Levels .................................................... 44
Duty Cycle (Vdc and mVdc) ...................................................................................... 45
Input Characteristics .................................................................................................. 45
MIN MAX Recording .................................................................................................. 46
ts (continued)
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87V MAX
Users Manual

Features

Tables 1 through 4 briefly describe the features of the Meter.
Table 1. Inputs
Terminal Description
A
COM
Input for 0 A to 10.00 A current (10 - 20 A overload for 30 seconds maximum), current frequency, and duty cycle measurements.
Input for 0 μA to 400 mA current measurements (600 mA for 18 hrs) and current frequency and duty cycle.
Return terminal for all measurements. Input for voltage, continuity, resistance, diode, capacitance, frequency, temperature, and duty cycle
measurements.
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Digital Multimeter
Table 2. Rotary Switch Positions
Switch Position Function
Any Position When the Meter is turned on, the Meter model number briefly appears on the display.
Features
AC voltage measurement
(yellow) for low-pass filter ()
Press
DC voltage measurement
600 mV dc voltage range
Press (yellow) for temperature ()
Press for continuity test.
e Resistance measurement
Press  (yellow) for capacitance measurement.
Diode test
AC current measurements from 0 mA to 10.00 A
(yellow) for dc current measurements, from 0 mA to 10.00 A.
Press AC current measurements from 0 μA to 6000 μA
(yellow) for dc current measurements from 0 μA to 6000 μA.
Press
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Table 3. Pushbuttons
Button
Switch
Position
(Yellow)
Any switch
position
Any switch position
MIN MAX recording
Frequency counter
Selects capacitance
Selects temperature Selects ac low-pass filter function Switches between dc and ac current Switches between dc and ac current Switches between the ranges available for the selected function. To return to autoranging, hold
the button down for 1 second.
Switches between °C and °F.
AutoHOLD (formerly TouchHold) captures the present reading on the display. When a new, stable reading is detected, the Meter beeps and displays the new reading.
Stops and starts recording without erasing recorded values. Stops and starts the frequency counter.
Function
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Features
Table 3. Pushbuttons (cont.)
Button Switch Position Function
 
(Relative
mode)
Continuity
MIN MAX recording
Hz, Duty Cycle
Any switch position
Any switch position
Any switch position
Any switch position except diode test
Turns the continuity beeper on and off Switches between Peak (250 μs) and Normal (100 ms) response times.
Toggles the meter to trigger on positive or negative slope.
Turns the button backlight and display backlight on, makes them brighter, and turns them off.
Hold down for one second to enter the HiRes digit mode. The “HiRes” icon appears on the display. To return to the 3-1/2 digit mode, hold HiRes=19,999
Starts recording of minimum and maximum values. Steps the display through MAX, MIN, AVG (average), and present readings. Cancels MIN MAX (hold for 1 second)
Stores the present reading as a reference for subsequent readings. The display is zeroed, and the stored reading is subtracted from all subsequent readings.
Press for frequency measurements. Starts the frequency counter.
Press again to enter duty cycle mode.
down for one second.
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Figure 1. Display Features
Table 4. Display Features
Number Feature Indication
Polarity indicator for the analog bargraph.
Trig±
Positive or negative slope indicator for Hz/duty cycle triggering.
The continuity beeper is on.  
Relative (REL) mode is active. Smoothing is active.
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Number Feature Indication
Negative readings, In relative mode,
-

this sign indicates that the present input is less than the stored reference.
High voltage present at the input. Appears if the input voltage is 30 V or greater (ac or dc), Also appears in low-pass filter mode. Also appears in cal, Hz, and duty cycle modes.
AutoHOLD is active.
Display HOLD is active.
MAX MIN
Peak Min Max modes and the response time is 250 μs.
Minimum-maximum recording mode.
AVG
See Low-pass Filter.
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Features
Table 4. Display Features (cont.)
Number Feature Indication
Low battery. XW Warning: To
prevent false readings, which
could lead to possible electric shock or personal injury, replace the battery as soon as the battery indicator appears.
A, μA, mA amperes (amps), microamp, milliamp
V, mV volts, millivolts
μF, nF
microfarad, nanofarad
nS nanosiemens %
Percent. Used for duty cycle measurements.
Ω, MΩ, kΩ ohm, megohm, kilohm Hz, kHz hertz, kilohertz
AC DC Alternating current, direct current
Diode test mode.
Number Feature Indication
°C, °F
Degrees Celsius, Degrees Fahrenheit
610000 mV Displays selected range HiRes
Auto
High resolution (Hi Res) mode. HiRes=19,999
Autorange mode. Automatically selects the range with the best resolution
Manual Manual range mode
The number of segments is relative to the full-scale value of the selected range. In normal operation 0 (zero) is on the left. The polarity indicator at the left of the graph indicates the
polarity of the input. The graph does not operate with the capacitance, or frequency counter functions. For more information, see Bargraph. The bargraph also has a zoom function, as described under "Zoom Mode".
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Table 4. Display Features (cont.)
Number Feature Indication
--
Overload condition is detected.

Error Messages
 Replace the battery immediately.

  Invalid calibration data. Calibrate Meter.
  Open thermocouple detected.


In the capacitance function, too much electrical charge is present on the capacitor being tested.
Invalid EEPROM data. Have the Meter serviced.

Invalid model. Have the Meter serviced. W Test lead alert. Displayed when the test leads are
A or mA/μA terminal and the selected rotary
in the switch position does not correspond to the terminal being used.

Automatic Power-Off

The Meter automatically turns off if you do not turn the rotary switch or press a button for 30 minutes. If MIN MAX Recording is enabled, the Meter will not power off. Refer to Table 5 to disable automatic power-off.

Input Alert™ Feature

If a test lead is plugged into the mA/μA or A terminal, but the rotary switch is not set to the correct current position, the beeper warns you by making a chirping sound and the display flashes “”, This warning is intended to stop you from attempting to measure voltage, continuity, resistance, capacitance, or diode values with the leads are plugged into a current terminal.
W Caution
Placing the probes across (in parallel with) a powered circuit when a lead is plugged into a current terminal can damage the circuit you are testing and blow the Meter’s fuse. This can happen because the resistance through the Meter’s current terminals is very low, so the Meter acts like a short circuit.

Power-Up Options

Holding a button down while turning the Meter on activates a power-up option. Table 5 describes power-up options.
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Features
Table 5. Power-Up Options
Button Power-Up Option
(Yellow)
Disables automatic power-off feature (Meter normally powers off in 30 minutes). The Meter reads “” until is released.
Enables the Meter’s calibration mode and prompts for a password. The Meter reads “” and enters calibration mode. See 87V MAX Calibration Information.
Enables the Meter’s smoothing feature. The Meter reads “” until  is released. Turns on all LCD segments. Disables the beeper for all functions. The Meter reads “” until  is released.
(Relative mode)
Disables auto backlight off (backlight normally disables after 2 minutes). The Meter reads “” until  is released.
Enables zoom mode for the bargraph. The Meter reads “” until is released.
Enables the Meter’s high impedance mode when the mV dc function is used. The Meter reads “” until is released.
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87V MAX
Users Manual

How to Make Measurements

The following sections describe how to make measurements with the Meter.

AC and DC Voltage Measurements

The Meter features true-rms readings, which are accurate for distorted sine waves and other waveforms (with no dc offset) such as square waves, triangle waves, and staircase waves.
The Meter’s voltage ranges are 600.0 mV, 6.000 V,
60.00 V, 600.0 V, and 1000 V. The select the 600.0 mV dc range, turn the rotary switch to mV.
Refer to Figure 2 to measure ac or dc voltage.
Switch Box
V
mV
V
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Figure 2. AC and DC Voltage Measurements
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How to Make Measurements
When measuring voltage, the Meter acts approximately like a 10-MΩ (10,000,000 Ω) impedance in parallel with the circuit. This loading effect can cause measurement errors in high-impedance circuits. In most cases, the error is negligible (0.1 % or less) if the circuit impedance is 10 kΩ (10,000 Ω) or less.
For better accuracy when measuring the dc offset of an ac voltage, measure the ac voltage first. Note the ac voltage range, then manually select a dc voltage range equal to or higher than the ac range. This procedure improves the accuracy of the dc measurement by ensuring that the input protection circuits are not activated.

Zero Input Behavior of True-rms Meter

True-rms meters accurately measure distorted waveforms, but when the input leads are shorted together in the ac functions, the Meter displays a residual reading between 1 and 30 counts. When the test leads are open, the display readings may fluctuate due to interference. These offset readings are normal. They do not affect the Meter’s ac measurement accuracy over the specified measurement ranges.
Unspecified input levels are:
AC voltage: below 3 % of 600 mV ac, or 18 mV ac
AC current: below 3 % of 60 mA ac, or 1.8 mA ac
AC current: below 3 % of 600 μA ac, or 18 μA ac

Low-Pass Filter

The Meter is equipped with an ac low-pass filter. When measuring ac voltage or ac frequency, press to activate the low-pass filter mode (). The Meter continues measuring in the chosen mode, but now the signal diverts through a filter that blocks unwanted voltages above 1 kHz, refer to Figure 3. The lower frequency voltages pass with reduced accuracy to the measurement below 1 kHz. The low-pass filter can improve measurement performance on composite sine waves that are typically generated by inverters and variable frequency motor drives.
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XW Warning
To prevent possible electric shock or personal injury, do not use the low-pass filter to verify the presence of hazardous voltages. Voltages greater than what is indicated may be present. First, make a voltage measurement without the filter to detect the possible presence of hazardous voltage. Then, select the filter.
Note
When the low-pass filter is selected, the Meter goes to manual ranging mode. Select ranges by pressing . Autoranging is not available with the low-pass filter.
1 kHz
100 Hz
Figure 3. Low-Pass Filter

Temperature Measurements

The Meter measures the temperature of a type-K thermocouple (included). Choose between degrees Celsius (°C) or degrees Fahrenheit (°F) by pushing .
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W Caution
To prevent possible damage to the Meter or other equipment, remember that while the Meter is rated for -200.0 °C to +1090.0 °C and
-328.0 °F to 1994 °F, the included type-K thermocouple is rated to 260 °C. For temperatures out of that range, use a higher rated thermocouple.
Display ranges are -200.0 °C to +1090 °C and -328.0 °F to 1994 °F. Readings outside of these ranges show  on the Meter display. When there is no thermocouple connected, the display also reads .
To measure temperature, do the following:
1. Connect a type-K thermocouple to the Meter’s COM and terminals.
2. Turn the rotary switch to .
3. Push  to enter temperature mode.
4. Push  to choose Celsius or Fahrenheit.
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How to Make Measurements

Continuity Tests

XW Warning
To prevent possible electrical shock, fire, or personal injury, disconnect power and discharge all high-voltage capacitors before you measure resistance, continuity, capacitance, or a diode junction.
The continuity test features a beeper that sounds as long as a circuit is complete. The beeper allows you to perform quick continuity tests without having to watch the display.
To test for continuity, set up the Meter as shown in Figure 4.
Press to turn the continuity beeper on or off. The continuity function detects intermittent opens and
shorts lasting as little as 1 ms. A brief short causes the Meter to emit a short beep.
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For in-circuit tests, turn circuit power off.
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Figure 4. Continuity Tests
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Resistance Measurements

XW Warning
To prevent possible electrical shock, fire, or personal injury, disconnect power and discharge all high-voltage capacitors before you measure resistance, continuity, capacitance, or a diode junction.
The Meter measures resistance by sending a small current through the circuit. Because this current flows through all possible paths between the probes, the resistance reading represents the total resistance of all paths between the probes.
The Meter's resistance ranges are 600.0 Ω, 6.000 kΩ,
60.00 kΩ, 600.0 kΩ, 6.000 MΩ, and 50.00 MΩ. Set up the Meter as shown in Figure 5 to measure
resistance.
The following are some tips for measuring resistance:
The measured value of a resistor in a circuit is often different from the resistor's rated value.
The test leads can add 0.1 Ω to 0.2 Ω of error to resistance measurements. To test the leads, touch the probe tips together and read the resistance of the leads. If necessary, you can use the relative (REL) mode to automatically subtract this value.
The resistance function can produce enough voltage to forward-bias silicon diode or transistor junctions, causing them to conduct. If this is suspected, press to apply a lower current in the next higher range. If the value is higher, use the higher value. Refer to the Input Characteristics table in the specifications section for typical short-circuit currents.
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In-Circuit Resistance Measurements
Circuit Power
OFF
Figure 5. Resistance Measurements
Isolating a Potentiometer
1
2
3
Disconnect
1
Isolating a Resistor
2
3
Disconnect
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How to Make Measurements

How to Use Conductance for High Resistance or Leakage Tests

Conductance, the inverse of resistance, is the ability of a circuit to pass current. High values of conductance correspond to low values of resistance.
The Meter's 60-nS range measures conductance in nanosiemens (1 nS = 0.000000001 siemens). Because such small amounts of conductance correspond to extremely high resistance, the nS range lets you determine the resistance of components up to 100,000 MΩ, 1/1 nS = 1,000 MΩ.
To measure conductance, set up the Meter for measuring resistance as shown in Figure 5, then press until the nS indicator appears on the display.
The following are some tips for measuring conductance:
High-resistance readings are susceptible to electrical noise. To smooth out most noisy readings, enter the MIN MAX recording mode; then step to the average (AVG) reading.
There is normally a residual conductance reading with the test leads open. To ensure accurate readings, use the relative (REL) mode to subtract the residual value.
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Capacitance Measurements

XW Warning
To prevent possible electrical shock, fire, or personal injury, disconnect power and discharge all high-voltage capacitors before you measure resistance, continuity, capacitance, or a diode junction.
The Meter's capacitance ranges are 10.00 nF, 100.0 nF,
1.000 μF, 10.00 μF, 100.0 μF, and 9999 μF. To measure capacitance, set up the Meter as shown in
Figure 6. To improve the accuracy of measurements less than
1000 nF, use the relative (REL) mode to subtract the residual capacitance of the Meter and leads.
Note
If too much electrical charge is present on the capacitor being tested, the display shows “diSC“.
Select
Capacitance
+ + +
+ + + + +
+
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Figure 6. Capacitance Measurements
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Diode Tests

XW Warning
To prevent possible electrical shock, fire, or personal injury, disconnect power and discharge all high-voltage capacitors before you measure resistance, continuity, capacitance, or a diode junction.
Use the diode test to check diodes, transistors, silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs), and other semiconductor devices. This function tests a semiconductor junction by sending a current through the junction, then measuring the junction's voltage drop. A good silicon junction drops between 0.5 V and 0.8 V.
To test a diode out of a circuit, set up the Meter as shown in Figure 7. For forward-bias readings on any semiconductor component, place the red test lead on the component's positive terminal and place the black lead on the component's negative terminal.
In a circuit, a good diode should still produce a forward­bias reading of 0.5 V to 0.8 V; however, the reverse-bias reading can vary depending on the resistance of other pathways between the probe tips.
A short beep sounds if the diode is good (<0.85 V). A continuous beep sounds if the reading is 0.100 V. This reading would indicate a short circuit. The display shows “OL” if the diode is open.
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Typical Reading
Single Beep
Bad Diode
Forward Bias
+
Open
Figure 7. Diode Tests
Bad Diode
Reverse Bias
+
Shorted
or
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AC or DC Current Measurements

XWWarning
To prevent possible electrical shock, fire, or personal injury, remove circuit power before you connect the Product in the circuit when you measure current. Connect the Product in series with the circuit.
WCaution
To prevent damage to the Meter or to the equipment under test:
Check the Meter's fuses before
measuring current.
Use the proper terminals, function, and
range for all measurements.
Never place the probes across (in
parallel with) any circuit or component when the leads are plugged into the current terminals.
To measure current, you must break the circuit under test, then place the Meter in series with the circuit.
The Meter's current ranges are 600.0 μA, 6000 μA,
60.00 mA, 400.0 mA, 6.000 A, and 10.00 A.
To measure current, refer to Figure 8 and proceed as follows:
1. Turn off power to the circuit. Discharge all high-
voltage capacitors.
2. Insert the black lead into the COM terminal. For
currents between 0 mA and 400 mA, insert the red lead into the mA/μA terminal. For currents above 400 mA, insert the red lead into the A terminal.
Note
To avoid blowing the Meter's 400-mA fuse, use
μ
the mA/ current is less than 400 mA continuously or less than 600 mA for 18 hours or less.
A terminal only if you are sure the
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mA
A
Circuit Power:
Total Current to Circuit
OFF to connect meter.
ON for measurement. OFF to disconnect meter.
A
Current Through One Component
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Figure 8. Current Measurements
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3. If you are using the A terminal, set the rotary switch to mA/A. If you are using the mA/μA terminal, set the rotary switch to (6 mA), or for currents above 6000 μA.
4. To measure dc current, press .
5. Break the circuit path to be tested. Touch the black probe to the more negative side of the break; touch the red probe to the more positive side of the break. Reversing the leads will produce a negative reading, but will not damage the Meter.
6. Turn on power to the circuit; then read the display. Be sure to note the unit given at the right side of the display (μA, mA, or A).
7. Turn off power to the circuit and discharge all high­voltage capacitors. Remove the Meter and restore the circuit to normal operation.
for currents below 6000 μA
The following are some tips for measuring current:
If the current reading is 0 and you are sure the Meter is set up correctly, test the Meter's fuses as described under "Testing the Fuses".
A current meter drops a small voltage across itself, which might affect circuit operation. You can calculate this burden voltage using the values listed in the specifications in the Input Characteristics table.
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87V MAX
Users Manual

Frequency Measurements

The Meter measures the frequency of a voltage or current signal by counting the number of times the signal crosses a threshold level each second.
Table 6 summarizes the trigger levels and applications for measuring frequency using the various ranges of the Meter's voltage and current functions.
To measure frequency, connect the Meter to the signal source; then press trigger slope between + and -, as indicated by the symbol at the left side of the display (refer to Figure 9 under "Duty Cycle"). Pressing stops and starts the counter.
The Meter autoranges to one of five frequency ranges:
199.99 Hz, 1999.9 Hz, 19.999 kHz, 199.99 kHz, and greater than 200 kHz. For frequencies below 10 Hz, the display is updated at the frequency of the input. Below
0.5 Hz, the display may be unstable.
. Pressing  switches the
The following are some tips for measuring frequency:
If a reading shows as 0 Hz or is unstable, the input signal may be below or near the trigger level. You can usually correct these problems by selecting a lower range, which increases the sensitivity of the Meter. In the function, the lower ranges also have lower trigger levels.
If a reading seems to be a multiple of what you expect, the input signal may be distorted. Distortion can cause multiple triggerings of the frequency counter. Selecting a higher voltage range might solve this problem by decreasing the sensitivity of the Meter. You can also try selecting a dc range, which raises the trigger level. In general, the lowest frequency displayed is the correct one.
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Table 6. Functions and Trigger Levels for Frequency Measuremen t s
Function Range
 
m
   
R e  
μA
A 6 A, 10 A 0.30 A, 3.0 A
6 V, 60 V, 600 V, 1000 V
600 mV ±30 mV High-frequency 5 V logic signals. (The dc-coupling of the function can
600 mV 40 mV Refer to the measurement tips given before this table. 6 V 1.7 V 5 V logic signals (TTL). 60 V 4 V Automotive switching signals. 600 V 40 V Refer to the measurement tips given before this table. 1000 V 100 V
All ranges ±5 % of scale AC current signals. 600 μA, 6000 μA 30 μA , 300 μA Refer to the measurement tips given before this table. 60 mA, 400 mA 3.0 mA , 30 mA
Approximate
Trigger Level
±5 % of scale Most signals.
Frequency counter characteristics are not available or specified for these functions.
Typical Application
attenuate high-frequency logic signals, reducing their amplitude enough to interfere with triggering.)
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87V MAX
Users Manual

Duty Cycle Measurements

Duty cycle (or duty factor) is the percentage of time a signal is above or below a trigger level during one cycle (Figure 9). The duty cycle mode is optimized for measuring the on or off time of logic and switching signals. Systems such as electronic fuel injection systems and switching power supplies are controlled by pulses of varying width, which can be checked by measuring duty cycle.
To measure duty cycle, set up the Meter to measure frequency; then press Hz a second time. As with the
+Slope
Trigger Point
30% Above
+Slope
Figure 9. Components of Duty Cycle Measurements
-Slope Trigger Point
100%
frequency function, you can change the slope for the Meter's counter by pressing .
For 5-V logic signals, use the 6-V dc range. For 12-V switching signals in automobiles, use the 60 V dc range. For sine waves, use the lowest range that does not result in multiple triggering. (Normally, a distortion-free signal can be up to ten times the amplitude of the selected voltage range.)
If a duty cycle reading is unstable, press MIN MAX; then scroll to the AVG (average) display.
70% Below
-Slope
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Digital Multimeter
Bargraph

How to Determine Pulse Width

For a periodic waveform (its pattern repeats at equal time intervals), you can determine the amount of time that the signal is high or low as follows:
1. Measure the signal's frequency.
2. Push  a second time to measure the signal's duty cycle. Push to select a measurement of the signal's positive or negative pulse, refer to Figure 9.
3. Use the following formula to determine the pulse width:
Pulse Width =
(in seconds) Frequency
% Duty Cycle ÷ 100

Bargraph

The analog bargraph functions like the needle on an analog meter, but without the overshoot. The bargraph updates 40 times per second. Because the graph responds 10 times faster than the digital display, it is useful for making peak and null adjustments and observing rapidly changing inputs. The graph is not shown for capacitance, frequency counter functions, temperature, or peak min max.
The number of lit segments indicates the measured value and is relative to the full-scale value of the selected range.
In the 60-V range, for example, the major divisions on the scale represent 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 V. An input of -30 V lights the negative sign and the segments up to the middle of the scale.
The bargraph also has a zoom function, as described under "Zoom Mode".
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87V MAX
Users Manual

Zoom Mode (Power Up Option Only)

To use the Rel Zoom Bargraph:
1. Hold down  while turning the Meter on. The display reads ”.
2. Select the relative mode by pressing
3. The center of the bargraph now represents zero and the sensitivity of the bargraph increases by a factor of 10. Measured values more negative than the stored reference activate segments to the left of center; values more positive activate segments to the right of center.
again.

Uses for the Zoom Mode

The relative mode, combined with the increased sensitivity of the bargraph's zoom mode, helps you make fast and accurate zero and peak adjustments.
For zero adjustments, set the Meter to the desired function, short the test leads together, press connect the leads to the circuit under test. Adjust the circuit's variable component until the display reads zero. Only the center segment on the zoom bargraph is lit.
For peak adjustments, set the Meter to the desired function, connect the leads to the circuit under test; then
. The display reads zero. As you adjust for a
press positive or negative peak, the bargraph length increases to the right or left of zero. If an overange symbol ( )
; then
lights, press continue with the adjustment.
twice to set a new reference; then

HiRes Mode

Push for one second to enter the high-resolution (HiRes) 4-1/2 digit mode. Readings are displayed at 10 times the normal resolution with a maximum display of 19,999 counts. The HiRes mode works in all modes except capacitance, frequency counter functions, temperature, and the 250 μs (peak) MIN MAX modes.
To return to the 3-1/2 digit mode, push for one second.
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Digital Multimeter
MIN MAX Recording Mode

MIN MAX Recording Mode

The MIN MAX mode records minimum and maximum input values. When the inputs go below the recorded minimum value or above the recorded maximum value, the Meter beeps and records the new value. This mode can be used to capture intermittent readings, record maximum readings while you are away or record readings while you are operating the equipment under test and cannot watch the Meter. MIN MAX mode can also calculate an average of all readings taken since the MIN MAX mode was activated. To use MIN MAX mode, refer to the functions in Table 7.
Response time is the length of time an input must stay at a new value to be recorded. A shorter response time captures shorter events, but with decreased accuracy. Changing the response time erases all recorded readings. The Meter has 100 millisecond and 250 μs (peak) response times. The 250 μs response time is indicated by “” on the display.
The 100 millisecond response time is best for recording power supply surges, inrush currents, and finding intermittent failures.
The true average value (AVG) displayed is the mathematical integral of all readings taken since the start of recording (overloads are discarded). The average reading is useful for smoothing out unstable inputs, calculating power consumption, or estimating the percentage of time a circuit is active.
Min Max records the signal extremes lasting longer than 100 ms.
Peak records the signal extremes lasting longer than 250 μs.

Smooth Feature (Power Up Option Only)

When the input signal changes rapidly, “smoothing” provides a steadier reading on the display.
To use the smooth feature:
1. Hold down  while turning the Meter on. The display will read “” until is released.
2. The smooth icon () will appear on the left side of the display to let you know that smoothing is active.
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87V MAX
Users Manual
Button MIN MAX Function
Table 7. MIN MAX Functions
Enter MIN MAX recording mode. The Meter is locked in the range displayed before you entered MIN MAX mode. (Select the desired measurement function and range before entering MIN MAX.) The Meter beeps each time a new minimum or maximum value is recorded.
(while in MIN MAX mode)
PEAK MIN MAX
Stop recording without erasing stored values. Press again to resume recording.
(hold for 1 second)
30
Step through maximum (MAX), minimum (MIN), average (AVG) and present values.
Select 100 ms or 250 μs response time. (The 250 μs response time is indicated by on the display.) Stored values are erased. The present and AVG (average) values are not available when 250 μs is selected.
Exit MIN MAX mode. Stored values are erased. The Meter stays in the selected range.
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Digital Multimeter
AutoHOLD Mode

AutoHOLD Mode

XWWarning
To prevent possible electric shock, fire, or personal injury:
Do not use AutoHOLD mode to
determine that circuits are without power. The AutoHOLD mode will not capture unstable or noisy readings.
Do not use the HOLD function to
measure unknown potentials. When HOLD is turned on, the display does not change when a different potential is measured.
The AutoHOLD mode captures the present reading on the display. When a new, stable reading is detected, the Meter beeps and displays the new reading. To enter or exit AutoHOLD mode, press
.

Relative Mode

Selecting relative mode () causes the Meter to zero the display and store the present reading as the reference for subsequent measurements. The Meter is locked into the range selected when you pressed . Press
again to exit this mode.
In relative mode, the reading shown is always the difference between the present reading and the stored reference value. For example, if the stored reference value is 15.00 V and the present reading is 14.10 V, the display shows -0.90 V.
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87V MAX
Users Manual

Maintenance

XWWarning
To prevent possible electrical shock, fire, or personal injury:
Remove the input signals before you clean the Product.
Do not operate the Product with covers removed or the case open. Hazardous voltage exposure is possible.
Use only specified replacement parts.
Have an approved technician repair the
Product.

General Maintenance

Periodically wipe the case with a damp cloth and mild detergent. Do not use abrasives or solvents.
Dirt or moisture in the terminals can affect readings and can falsely activate the Input Alert feature. Clean the terminals as follows:
1. Turn the Meter off and remove all test leads.
2. Shake out any dirt that may be in the terminals.
3. Soak a clean swab with mild detergent and water. Work the swab around in each terminal. Dry each terminal using canned air to force the water and detergent out of the terminals.

Fuse Test

As shown in Figure 10, with the Meter in the function, insert a test lead into the jack and place the probe tip on the other end of the test lead against the metal of the current input jack. If “” appears in the display, the probe tip has been inserted too far into the amps input jack. Back the lead out a bit until the message disappears and either OL or a resistance reading appears in the display. The resistance value should be as shown in Figure 10. If the tests give readings other than those shown, have the Meter serviced.
XWWarning
To prevent possible electrical shock, fire, or personal injury:
Replace a blown fuse with exact replacement only for continued protection against arc flash.
Use only specified replacement fuses.
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Digital Multimeter
Maintenance

How to Replace the Batteries

Good 0.44 A fuse: 0.995 kΩ to
1.005 kΩ
Replace fuse: OL
Touch top half
of input contacts
Good 11 A fuse: 00.0 Ω to
00.5 Ω
Replace fuse: OL
Figure 10. Current Fuse Test
gaq105.emf
Replace the batteries with three AA batteries (IEC LR6).
XWWarning
To prevent possible electrical shock, fire, or personal injury:
Batteries contain hazardous chemicals
that can cause burns or explode. If exposure to chemicals occurs, clean with water and get medical aid.
Repair the Product before use if the
battery leaks. Battery leakage may create a shock hazard or damage the Product.
Do not put battery cells and battery
packs near heat or fire. Do not put in sunlight.
MSHA approved for use with three
Energizer P/N E91 or three Duracell P/N MN1500 1.5 volt, “AA” alkaline batteries only. All cells are to be replaced at the same time with identical part number cells in fresh air locations only.
Replace the battery as follows, refer to Figure 11:
1. Turn the rotary switch to OFF and remove the test leads from the terminals.
2. Remove the six Phillips-head screws from the case bottom and remove the battery door ().
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87V MAX
Users Manual
Note
While lifting the battery door, ensure the rubber gasket stays attached to the battery compartment barrier.
3. Remove the three batteries and replace all three with AA Alkaline batteries ().
4. Ensure the battery compartment gasket () is properly installed around the outside edge of the battery compartment barrier.
5. Replace the battery door by aligning the battery compartment barrier with battery compartment.
6. Secure the door with the six Phillips-head screws.

How to Replace the Fuses

Referring to Figure 11, examine or replace the Meter's fuses as follows:
1. Turn the rotary switch to OFF and remove the test leads from the terminals
2. Refer to step 2 under the How to Replace the Batteries section above to remove the battery door.
3. Remove the fuse compartment seal () from the fuse compartment.
4. Gently lift out the fuse compartment door () from the fuse compartment.
5. Remove the fuse by gently prying one end loose, then sliding the fuse out of its bracket ().
6. Install ONLY specified replacement fuses with the amperage, voltage, and speed ratings shown in Table 8. The 440-mA fuse is shorter than the 10-A fuse. For correct placement of each fuse, note the marking on the printed circuit board under each fuse.
7. Replace the fuse compartment door by aligning the arrow on the fuse door with the arrow on the case bottom and lowering the door into the fuse compartment.
8. Replace the fuse compartment seal by aligning the tab on the seal with the outline on the case bottom. Ensure the seal () is properly seated.
9. Refer to steps four through six under the Replacing the Batteries section above to reinstall the battery door.

Service and Parts

If the Meter fails, check the battery and fuses. Review this manual to verify proper use of the Meter.
Replacement parts and accessories are shown in Table 8 and Figure 12.
To order parts and accessories, refer to “How to Contact Fluke”.
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Digital Multimeter
Service and Parts
1
3
2
4
6
5
gaq10.emf
Figure 11. Battery and Fuse Replacement
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87V MAX
r
Users Manual
Table 8. Replacement Parts
Description Qty.
Battery, AA 1.5 V 3 376756 Fuse, 0.440 A, 1000 V, FAST 1 943121 Fuse, 11 A, 1000 V, FAST 1 803293 Fuse Access Door 1 3400480 Screw 6 3861068 Gasket, Battery Door 1 3439087 Fuse Cap 1 3440546 Holster 1 3321048 Battery Door 1 3321030 Alligator Clips 1 (set of 2) variable Test Leads 1 (set of 2) variable Integrated DMM Temperature Probe 1 80BK-A Quick Reference Guide 1 5160944
Fluke Part or Model
Numbe
[1]
[1]
Safety Information 1 5160959
W To ensure safety, use exact replacement only. [1] See for more information about test leads and alligator clips available for your region.
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Digital Multimeter
Service and Parts
Battery
Door
Access Door
Fuse 11 A,
1000 V, Fast
Fuse
0.440 A,
1000 V, Fast
Fuse
Screw
Fuse Cap
Battery Door Gasket
Battery AA 1.5 V
Information
Figure 12. Replacement Parts
Safety
Holster
80BK-A Integrated DMM Temperature Probe
Quick Reference Guide
gaq111.emf
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87V MAX
Users Manual

General Specifications

Maximum voltage between any
terminal and earth ground ............................................ 1000 V rms
Fuse Protection for mA or μA inputs .......................... 0.44 A, 1000V, IR 10kA
Fuse Protection for A inputs ........................................ 11 A, 1000 V, IR 17 kA
Display
Digital .......................................................................... 6000 counts, updates 4/sec / 19,999 counts in high-resolution mode
Bargraph ..................................................................... 33 segments; updates 40/sec
Altitude
Operating .................................................................... 2000 meters
Storage ....................................................................... 10 000 meters
Temperature
Operating .................................................................... -15 °C to 55 °C, to -40 °C for 20 minutes when taken from 20 °C
Storage ....................................................................... -55 °C to 85 °C (without battery)
-55 °C to 60 °C (with battery)
Temperature coefficient ............................................... 0.05 X (specified accuracy) / °C (<18 °C or >28 °C)
Safety ............................................................................. IEC 61010-1: Pollution Degree 2
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) ......................... In an RF field of 3 V/m, accuracy = specified accuracy +20 counts, except 600 μA dc
International ................................................................ IEC 61326-1: Portable Electromagnetic Environment
Group 1: Equipment has intentionally generated and/or uses conductively coupled radio frequency energy that is necessary for the internal function of the equipment itself.
Class A: Equipment is suitable for use in all establishments other than domestic and those directly connected to a low-voltage power supply network that supplies buildings used for domestic purposes. There may be potential difficulties in ensuring electromagnetic compatibility in other environments due to conducted and radiated disturbances.
IEC 61010-2-033: CAT III 1000 V, CAT IV 600 V
range total accuracy = specified accuracy +60 counts. Temperature not specified.
CISPR 11: Group 1, Class A
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Digital Multimeter
General Specifications
Caution: This equipment is not intended for use in residential environments and may not provide adequate protection to radio reception in such environments.
Emissions that exceed the levels required by CISPR 11 can occur when the equipment is connected to a test object.
Korea (KCC) ................................................................ Class A Equipment (Industrial Broadcasting & Communication Equipment)
Class A: Equipment meets requirements for industrial electromagnetic wave equipment and the seller or user should take notice
USA (FCC) .................................................................. 47 CFR 15 subpart B. This product is considered an exempt device per clause
Relative Humidity .......................................................... 0 % to 95 % (0 °C to 35 °C)
0 % to 70 % (35 °C to 55 °C)
Battery Type ................................................................... 3 AA Alkaline batteries, IEC LR6, MSHA approved for use with three Energizer P/N
Battery Life ..................................................................... 800 hr typical without backlight (Alkaline)
Vibration ......................................................................... Per MIL-PRF-28800 for a Class 2 instrument
Size (H x W x L) .............................................................. 1.8 in x 3.7 in x 7.7 in (4.6 cm x 9.4 cm x 19.7 cm)
Size with Holster ............................................................ 2.4 in x 4.3 in x 8.5 in (6.0 cm x 10.1 cm x 21.5 cm)
Weight ............................................................................ 1.14 lb (517.1 g)
Weight with Holster and Flex-Stand ............................ 1.54 lb (698.5 g)
Intrusion Protection (IP) Rating ................................... IEC 60529: IP67
MSHA Approval No ....................................................... 18-A100015-0
of it. This equipment is intended for use in business environments and not to be used in homes.
15.103. In an RF field of 3 V/M, accuracy = specified accuracy +20 counts, except 600 μA dc range total accuracy = specified accuracy +60 counts. Temperature not specified
E91 or three Duracell P/N MN1500 1.5 Volt, AA alkaline batteries only.
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87V MAX
Users Manual

Detailed Specifications

For all detailed specifications: Accuracy is specified for 2 years after calibration, at operating temperatures of 18 °C to 28 °C, with relative humidity at 0 % to 95 %.
Accuracy specifications take the form of ±([% of Reading] + [Number of least-significant digits]). For the 4 ½-digit mode, multiply the number of least-significant digits (counts) by 10.

AC Voltage

AC conversions are ac-coupled and valid from 3 % to 100 % of range.
[4]
Accuracy
±(2 % + 4)
[1]
Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified
±(2 % + 4)
[3]
±(2 % + 20)
Unspecified
[2]
Range Resolution
600.0 mV 0.1 mV
6.000 V 0.001 V
60.00 V 0.01 V
600.0 V 0.1 V Unspecified 1000 V 1 V Unspecified Unspecified
Low-Pass Filter
[1] Below 30 Hz, use smoothing function. Below 20 Hz add 0.6 %. [2] Below 10 % of range, add 12 counts. [3] Frequency range: 1 to 2.5 kHz [4] Specification increases from -1 % to -6 % at 440 Hz when filter is used.
45 – 65 Hz 15 – 200 Hz 200 – 440 Hz 440 Hz – 1 kHz 1 – 5 kHz 5 – 20 kHz
±(0.7 % + 4)
±(1.0 % + 4)
±(0.7 % + 2)
+1.0 % + 4
±(1.0 % + 4)
[1]
-6.0 % - 4
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Digital Multimeter
Detailed Specifications

DC Voltage, Conductance, and Resistance

Function Range Resolution Accuracy
mV dc 600.0 mV 0.1 mV
6.000 V 0.001 V
V dc
Ω
nS
[1] Add 0.5 % of reading when measuring above 30 MΩ in the 50 MΩ range, and 20 counts below 33 nS in the 60 nS range. [2] When using the rel function to co mpensate for offsets.
60.00 V 0.01 V
600.0 V 0.1 V 1000 V 1 V
600.0 Ω 0.1 Ω
6.000 kΩ 0.001 kΩ
60.00 kΩ 0.01 kΩ
600.0 kΩ 0.1 kΩ
6.000 MΩ 0.001 MΩ
50.00 MΩ 0.01 MΩ
60.00 nS 0.01 nS
±(0.1 % + 1)
±(0.05 % + 1)
±(0.2 % + 2)
±(0.2 % + 1)
±(1.0 % + 1)
±(1.0 % + 10)
[2]
[1]
[1,2]
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87V MAX
Users Manual

Temperature

Range Resolution
-200 °C to +1090 °C
-328 °F to +1994 °F
[1] Does not include error of the thermocouple probe. [2] Accuracy specification assumes a mbie nt temperature stable to ± 1 °C. For ambient temperature changes of ± 5 °C, rated accuracy
applies after 2 hours.
0.1 °C
0.1 °F
Accuracy
±(1.0 % + 10) ±(1.0 % + 18)
[1,2]

AC Current

Function Range Resolution Burden Voltage
μA ac
mA ac
A ac
[1] AC conversions are ac coupled, true rms responding, and valid from 3 % to 100 % of range, except 400 mA range. (5 % to 100 % of
range) and 10 A range (15 % to 100 % or range). [2] 400 mA continuous. 600 mA for 18 hr maximum. [3] W 10 A continuous up to 35 °C. <20 minutes on, 5 minutes off at 35 °C to 55 °C. >10 A to 20 A for 30 seconds maximum, 5 minutes
off. [4] >10 A accuracy unspecified.
600.0 μA 0.1 μA 100 μV/μA 6000 μA 1 μA 100 μV/μA
60.00 mA 0.01 mA 1.8 mV/mA
[3,4]
[2]
400.0 mA
6.000 A 0.001 A 0.03 V/A
10.00 A
0.1 mA 1.8 mV/mA
0.01 A 0.03 V/A
±(1.5 % + 2) ±(1.0 % + 2)
Accuracy
(45 Hz to 2 kHz)
[1]
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Digital Multimeter
Detailed Specifications

DC Current

Function Range Resolution Burden Voltage Accuracy
μA dc
mA dc
A dc
[1] 400 mA continuous. 600 mA for 18 hr maximum. [2] W 10 A continuous up to 35 °C. <20 minutes on, 5 minutes off at 35 °C to 55 °C. >10 A to 20 A for 30
seconds maximum, 5 minutes off.
[3] >10 A accuracy unspecified.
600.0 μA 0.1 μA 100 μV/μA ±(0.2 % + 4) 6000 μA 1 μA 100 μV/μA ±(0.2 % + 2)
60.00 mA 0.01 mA 1.8 mV/mA
[2,3]
[1]
0.1 mA 1.8 mV/mA
0.01 A 0.03 V/A
400.0 mA
6.000 A 0.001 A 0.03 V/A
10.00 A
±(0.2 % + 4) ±(0.2 % + 2) ±(0.2 % + 4) ±(0.2 % + 2)

Capacitance

Range Resolution Accuracy
10.00 nF 0.01 nF
100.0 nF 0.1 nF
1.000 μF 0.001 μF
10.00 μF 0.01 μF
100.0 μF 0.1 μF 9999 μF 1 μF
[1] With a film capacitor or better, using the rel mode to zero residual.
43
±(1.0 % + 2)
±(1.0 % + 2)
[1]
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87V MAX
Users Manual

Diode

Range Resolution Accuracy
2.000 V 0.001 V
±(1.0 % + 1)

Frequency

Range Resolution Accuracy
199.99 Hz 0.01 Hz
1999.9 Hz 0.1 Hz
19.999 kHz 0.001 kHz
199.99 kHz 0.01 kHz >200 kHz 0.1 kHz Unspecified
[1] From 0.5 Hz to 200 kHz and for pulse widths >2 μs.
±(0.005 % + 1)
[1]

Frequency Counter Sensitivity and Trigger Levels

Input Range
600 mV dc 70 mV (to 400 Hz) 70 mV (to 400 Hz) 40 mV 600 mV ac 150 mV 150 mV ­6 V 0.3 V 0.7 V 1.7 V 60 V 3 V 600 V 30 V 1000 V 100 V
Minimum Sensitivity (RMS Sine Wave)
5 Hz – 20 kHz 0.5 Hz – 200 kHz
7 V (140 kHz) 70 V (14.0 kHz) 200 V (1.4 kHz)
Approximate Trigger Level
(DC Voltage Function)
4 V
40 V
100 V
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Digital Multimeter
Detailed Specifications

Duty Cycle (Vdc and mVdc)

Range Accuracy
0.0 % to 99.9 %
[1] 0.5 Hz to 200 kHz, pulse width >2 μs. Pulse width range is determined by the frequency by the frequency of the signal.
[1]
Within ± (0.2 % per kHz + 0.1 %) for rise times < 1 μs.

Input Characteristics

Function
Overload
Protection
1000 V rms
1000 V rms
1000 V rms
Input
Impedance
[1]
(nominal)
10 MΩ <100 pF
10 MΩ < 100 pF
(ac-coupled)
Common Mode Rejection Ratio
(1 kΩ unbalance)
> 120 dB at dc, 50 Hz
or 60 Hz
> 120 dB at dc, 50 Hz
or 60 Hz
> 60 dB, dc to 60 Hz
Normal Mode Rejection
> 60 dB at 50 Hz or 60 Hz
> 60 dB at 50 Hz or 60 Hz
Ω
[1] 106 V Hz Max
1000 V rms <2.8 V dc <850 mV dc <1.3 V dc 1000 V rms <2.8 V dc 2.200 V dc 1.0 mA typical
Open Circuit Test Voltage
Full Scale Voltage Typical Short Circuit Current
To 6 MΩ
50 MΩ or
60 nS
600 Ω 6 kΩ 60 kΩ 600 kΩ 6 MΩ 50 MΩ
500 μA 100 μA 10 μA 1 μA 0.2 μA 0.1 μA
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87V MAX
Users Manual

MIN MAX Recording

Nominal Response Accuracy
100 ms to 80 % (dc functions) 120 ms to 80 % (ac functions)
250 μs (peak)
[1] For repetitive peaks: 1 ms for single events.
[1]
Specified accuracy ±12 counts for changes >200 ms in duration Specified accuracy ±40 counts for changes >350 ms and inputs >25 % of range Specified accuracy ±100 counts for changes >250 μs in duration
(add ±100 counts for readings over 6000 counts) (add ±100 counts for readings in Low Pass mode)
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