Fluke 8040A Service manual

maintenance manual
John Fluke Mfg.
Co.,
Inc.
P.O.
Box
43210 Mountlake Terrace, Washington 98043
/
Table
of
Contents
SECTION
1
INTRODUCTION AND SPECIFICATIONS
1.1
.
INTRODUCTION
.
1.6
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
2.1
2.3
2.6
2.8
2.10 2- 12 2- 14
2.16
2.18
2.22
THEORY OF OPERATION
3.1
3.3
3.4
3.6
3.8
3.10 3-1 1
3.13
3.15
3.17
3.19
3.26
3.28
3.33
3.35
3.38
SPECIFICATIONS
.
INTRODUCTION
.
SHIPPING INFORMATION
.
INPUTPOWER
.
OPERATING FEATURES
.
OPERATING NOTES
.
.
. . .
. . . . .
. . . .
.
. . . .
.
.
Fuse Replacement Overrange Indication
Input Overload ~rotectlbiA ASSEMBLY AND INITIAL OPERATION FUNCTION SELECTION EXAMPLES
INTRODUCTION OVERALL FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Introduction 3-1
Analog Circuits
Digital Circuits CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
Introduction
Input Divider
Current Shunts
Buffer
A/ D Reference
Ohms Voltage Source 3-5
RMSConverter 3-5
A/DConverter 3-5
Timing and Control 3-6 Display 3-6
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TITLE PAGE
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1-1
1-1 1-2
2-1
2-1 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-3 2-5
3-1
3-1 3-1
3-2
3-2 3-2 3-2
3-2
3-2
3-2
3-2
(Continued on next page)
SECTION
TITLE
PAGE
4 MAINTENANCE
4-1
.
INTRODUCTION
4-4
.
GENERAL MAINTENANCE
4-5
.
4-7
.
4-9
.
4-1
1 . PERFORMANCE CHECK
.
4-13 4-15
.
4-17
.
4-19
.
1
.
4-2 4-23 . CALIBRATION 4-5 4-26
.
4-29 . TROUBLESHOOTING
5 LISTOFREPLACEABLEPARTS
5.1
.
INTRODUCTION
5.4
.
HOW TO OBTAIN PARTS
.
5.7
6 OPTIONS & ACCESSORY INFORMATION
6.1
6.3
6.4
6.6
6.8
6.10
6.12
6.14
6.16 6- 17
6.20
6.25
6.27
6.29
6.30
6.32
6.34
6.35
6.39 6-4 1
6.44
6.45
6.49 6-5
6.54
6.55
6.58
6.59
6.61
6.62
USE CODE EFFECTIVITY LIST
.
INTRODUCTION
.
RECHARGEABLE BATTERY PACK, 8040A.7005
.
.
.
BATTERY COVER KIT, 8040A-7004
.
BATTERY COVER, 8040A-7007
.
CARRYING CASE (C88)
.
BATTERY CHARGER/ ELIMINATOR
.
TEMPERATURE PROBE (80T-150)
. .
. .
DELUXE TEST LEAD KIT (A80)
.
CURRENT TRANSFORMER, CLAMP-ON (801-600)
.
.
.
HIGH VOLTAGE PROBE (80F-5)
. .
.
.
HIGH VOLTAGE PROBE (80F-15)
. .
1
. .
HIGH VOLTAGE PROBE (80K-40)
. .
HIGH FREQUENCY PROBE (81 RF)
. .
HIGH FREQUENCY PROBE (82RF)
.
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Access Information Cleaning Fuse Replacement
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DCVolts ACVolts 4-3 Resistance Measurements 4-3 Directcurrent 4-3 Alternating Current
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Required Method for Votlage Source Connection 4-5
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Introduction Operation
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Introduction OperatingNotes Operating Instructions
Introduction
Operation
Introduction
Cleaning
Calibration
Introduction
Cleaning
Calibration
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
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4-1
4-1 4-2 4-2 4-2 4-2 4-2 4-3
4-3
4-8
5-1
5-1 5-1 5-1
6-1
6-1 6-1 6-1 6-1 6-1 6-1 6-1 6-3 6-3 6-3 6-3 6-3 6-4 6-4 6-4 6-5 6-5 6-5 6-5 6-5 6-6 6-6 6-6 6-6 6-7 6-7 6-7 6-7 6-7 6-7
.
'
7
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
.........................................................
7-1
List
of
.
Illustrations
FIGURE
TITLE
Control. Indicator and Connector Locations Function Selection Examples 8040A Block Diagram Simplified Buffer Circuit 3-3 Simplified RMS Converter Representation 3-5 Simplified RMS Converter Circuit Dual-Slope Calibration Adjustment Controls 4-4 Required Method for Voltage Source Connection Waveform at U26 Pin 8 for In Range and Overrange Inputs Waveforms at TP1. Q10. C22 and U14 for In Range and Overrange Inputs Oscilloscope Connections for Troubleshooting
A/ D Reference Circuit
A/ D Conversion Timing for VAC or VDC Inputs
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PAGE
2-2 2-5 3-1
3-4
3-6 3-7
4-5
4-9 4-10 4-11
MainPCBAssembly ............................................................... 5-4
Digital Conditioner PCB Assembly Analog Converter PCB Assembly 8040AAccessories Initial
CaseTemperature above Ambient versus Meter Reading above Ambient Maximum RF Signal Limits (V RMS) at Probe Tip DeluxeTestLeadKit 801-600 Current Transformer 80F-5VoltageDivider 80F-
15 Voltage Divider 80K-40VoltageDivider 81RFHighFrequencyProbe 82RF High Frequency Probe
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..................................... 6-4
iii
..............
5-8
5-10
6-2 6-4
6-4 6-5
6-5 6-6 6-7
6-7
6-7
List
TABLE TITLE PAGE
of
Tables
Accessories Control. Indicator and Connector Description 8040A Maximum Allowable Input Overload Conditions Buffer Gain Configuration. Recommended Test Equipment DCVoltage AC Voltage Performance Check 4-3 Resistance Performance Check Direct Current Performance Check DC Voltage Calibration Ohms Calibration LowFrequencyACVCheck HighFrequencyACVCheck Direct Current Accuracy Check Battery
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kR Function
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Charger/ Eliminator Input Power Configurations
................................
1 . 1 2-3 2-4 3-2 4-1 4-3
4-3 4-4 4-6
4-7
4-8 4-8 4-8 6-3
8040A Ranges for Current Transformer (801-600)
.......................................
6-5
Section
1
Introduction
1-1. INTRODUCTION
1-2. The Model 8040A Multimeter provides the control applications. accuracy and portability required in today's field service work.
A
display from glare when operating the 8040A in adverse lighting conditions. The small size and battery power add
to the portability; yet the fold-away stand allows the instrument to be positioned at a convenient angle for bench top use.
1-3.
five functions which provides measurement resolution to
0.01 ohms on the 200 ohm rangeand I0 microvolts on the Insure that the correct form of the model number is used 200 millivolt range.
The 8040A offers 20,000 count resolution in all temperature probe and A81 battery chargerleliminator,
sunshade
AC
protects
voltage and current measure- when ordering either of these accessories.
the
41/2
digit
LED
ments are made using true rms conversion techniques for improved accuracy in communications and industrial
1-4. Several 8040A to expand its' capabilities. A list of these accessories is provided in Table 1-1 while more detail
about
1-5.
are configured at the factory for particular applications.
&
each
Note that two of the accessories, the 80T-150
Specifications
accessories
one
is
provided
are
available
in
Section
6.
for
use
with the
ACCESSORY
801 -600 80F-5 8OF-15 80K-40 81
RF
82R
F
~OT-I~OC
80T-150F C88 A80 8040A-
7004K
Table
DESCRIPTION
Clamp-on current probe; 2 to 600 amps High voltage probe; 5 High voltage probe; 15 kV High voltage probe; 40 kV High frequency probe; 20 kHz to
100 MHz High frequency probe;
500 MHz Temperature probe;
-58'
F
to
+302' Carrying case Deluxe test lead kit
A battery cover kit; includes 4 size alkaline batteries
kV
100 kHz to
-50'~ to
F
+I
50'~
"C"
1-1.
ACCESSORIES
ACCESSORY
8040A­7005K
8040A­7007
K
A81-115
A81 -1 00
~81-230-~
A81-230
DESCRIPTION
A rechargeable Ni-Cad battery pack
(batteries come secured in the battery
cover) A battery cover intended for use with
alkaline batteries (batteries not included: Battery
50 Battery
50 to 60 Hz line source Battery chargerleliminator for 230V,
50 to 60 Hz line source plug)
Battery chargerleliminator for 230V,
50 to 60 Hz line source (European type plug)
chargerleliminator for 11 5V,
to
60 Hz line source
charger/eliminator for IOOV,
(U.S.
type
1-6.
DC Voltage
Ranges: Accuracy:
Input Impedance: Normal Mode Noise Rejection: Common Mode Noise Rejection:
Maximum Input Voltage:
SPECIFICATIONS
(Autorangingor Manual)
(6 months, 18" to 28°C)
200 mV range:
1
2V thru
lOOV ranges:
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..............
.....................
A
AC Voltage (True rms)
Ratiges: Accuracy:
Input Impedance: Common Mode Noise Rejection:
Crest Factor:
Maximum Input Voltage: .....................
(Autoranging or Manual)
(6 months, 18' to 28OC, from 5% of range to full range) 45 Hzto 10 kHz
10 Hz to 20 kHz
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..............
A
31200 mV, *2V, f20V, f 200V, f I
+(0.05% of reading f 3 digits) f(0.05% of reading
10
MR,
all ranges Greater than 60 dB at 50 Hz and 60 Hz Greater than 120 dB at 50 Hz and 60 Hz
(1 kR in either lead)
200 mV and 2V ranges: 500V dc or rms ac (continuous)
1
IOOV dc or peak ac for less than 10 sec.
20V, 200V and 1 IOOV ranges:
1
IOOV dc or peak ac (continuous)
200 mV, 2V, 20V, 200V, 750V
+(0.5% of reading +I0 digits)
f
(1.0% of reading +I0 digits)
10 MR in parallel with less than 100 pF
Greater than 60 dB at 50 Hz and 60 Hz (1
kR
in either lead)
3.0 200 mV and 2V ranges:
500V rms or 700V peak ac (continuous) 750V rms, less than 10
20V, 200V and 750V ranges: 750V rms, 1 IOOV peak ac or
1100V peak ac or lo7 volt-hertz (whichever is less), for
sec.
+
2
digits)
IOOV
lo7
volt-hertz (whichever is less)
DC mA
Ranges: Accuracy: Voltage Burden: Maximum Input:
AC Current (True rms, ac + dc)
Ranges: Accuracy:
range to full range) 200 45 Hz to 20 kHz
2000 mA range: 45 Hz to 3 kHz
....................................
(6 months, 18" to 28°C)
...............
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.............................
....................................
(6 months, 18" to 28"C, from 5% of
pA, 2 mA, 20 mA and 200 mA ranges:
...........................
..............................
+200 PA, 2 mA, 20 mA, 200
-t(0.3% of reading +3 digits)
0.25V rms max. except 0.7V rms max. on 2000 mA range 2 amps (fuse protected)
200 pA,2 mA,20 mA,200 mA,2000 mA
f
(1.0% of reading +lo digits)
+(1.0% of reading +10 digits)
mA,
2000 mA
,
Voltage Burden: Crest Factor: Maximum Input:
Resistance
Ranges:(AutorangingorManual).
Accuracy:
Maximum CurrentThrough Unknown: Open Circuit Voltage: Maximum Inputvoltage:
General
Maximum Common Modevoltage: Operating Temperature Range:
Temperature Coefficient:
StorageTemperatureRange:
Relative Humidity:
Line:
Battery:
(6 months, 18" to 28°C)
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0.25V rms max. except 0.7V max. on 2000 mA range
3.0 2 amps rms (fuse protected)
2000, 2 kn, 20 k0, 200 k0, 2000 kfl, 20 Mf2
f
(0.2% of reading +3 digits) except 20 M0 range
f
(0.5% of reading +3 digits)
0.5 mA on 200n range 5 volts All ranges, 25OV ac or IOOV dc
500V dc or peak ac 0°C to +50°C <I 1 10 of applicable accuracy specification per
(0°C to 18"C, 28°C to 50°C)
-40°C to +70°C (without batteries), -40°C to +50°C (with Ni-Cad batteries)
0 - 80% to +35"C, 0 - 70% to +50°C
1001 115/230V, 48-66
8W (charging) max.
Rechargeable Ni-Cad pack charge, typical recharge time 14 hr. of ambient temperature <30°C to achieve full charge). Non-rechargeable 4 alkaline "C" cells provide 14 hr. operation (typical).
Hz,
I W (instrument only)
(8
hr. typical operation from full
oc
Size:
Weight:
.......................................
.....................................
6.4 cm high x 14.5 cm long x 12.4 cm wide (2.5" x 5.7" x
1.0 kg (2.2 pounds)
4.9")
Section
2
2-1. INTRODUCTION
2-2. regarding the correct operation of the Model
Multimeter. It is recommended that the contents of this section be read and understood before attempting to operate the instrument. Should any difficulties arise during operation, please contact your nearest John Fluke Sales Representative, or the John Fluke Mfg. Co., Inc.,
P.O. Box 43210 Mountlake Terrace WA, 98043, Telephone (206) 774-221 is located at the back of this manual.
2-3. SHIPPING INFORMATION
2-4. The 8040A was packed and shipped in a foam container especially designed to provide adequate protection. Upon receipt, inspect the instrument for possible shipping damage.
2-5. If reshipment of the instrument is necessary, the original container should be used. If the original container is not available, a new one can be obtained from the John Fluke Mfg. Co., Inc. Please reference the instrument model number when requesting a new shipping container.
2-6. INPUT POWER
2-7. Operating power for the standard 8040A instrument comes from four, non-rechargeable, alkaline
"C"
hours of instrument operation. Optionally available power sources include rechargeable Ni-Cad batteries and a battery with rechargeable batteries will typically operate for 8 hours; recharging, using the approximately
This section of the manual contains information
8040A
I. A list of sales representatives
size batteries. The power source typically provides 14
charger/eliminator. The instrument equipped
charger/eliminator, takes
14
hours with the instrument turned off.
Operating
2-8. OPERATING FEATURES
2-9. and connectors is shown in Figure 2-1. A description of the control, indicator, or connector is provided in Table 2-1.
2-10. OPERATING NOTES
2-11. The following paragraphs describe various conditions which should be considered before operating the
2-12. Fuse Replacement
2-13. fuse to protect the instrument circuitry from inadvertent applications of current in excess of 2 amps. This fuse is located behind the pressing in lightly on the jack then turning it
counterclockwise is necessary, use a
2-14. Overrange Indication
2-15. When the full scale capability of the selected
range for any function is exceeded, the display will blink. The overrange indication does not necessarily mean that the instrument is being exposed to a damaging input condition.
2-16. Input Overload Protection
The location of the 8040A controls, indicators,
8040A.
The 8040A is equipped with a current overload
Exceeding the maximum input overload
conditions can damage the Tables the instrument.
2-2
l
nst ructions
rnA input jack and is removed by
1/4
turn to release. When replacement
2
amp
AGX
replacement fuse.
CAUTION
8040A.
before attempting to operate
Read
1
2
8
LEFT SlDE
RIGHT SlDE
2-2
Figure
12
2-1.
CONTROL, INDICATOR AND CONNECTOR LOCATIONS
11
10
9
Table
2-1.
CONTROL, INDICATOR AND CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION
8040A
ITEM
NUMBER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
NAME
POWER switch
Display
Range switches
ka V
mA
YY
AC
-
---
DC
DESCRIPTION
Separates the power source (batteries or battery eliminator) from 8040A circuitry.
A 4% digit display (19999 maximum) of the measured input, including decimal point and polarity sign when appropriate. The units annunicators applicable range
Provide pushbutton selection of one of five ranges for each function, DC Voltage: 200 mV, 2,20,200,1 IOOV, or AUTO AC Voltage: 200 AC or DC Current: 200
Resistance: 200s2, 2,20,200,2000 ka, or 20 M8IAUTO
Selects resistance measurement mode of operation.
Works in conjunction with the DC and AC switches to select the voltage function (out position) or current function (in position).
This switch, in conjunction with item 5, selects ac voltage or alternating current measurement capability.
This switch, in conjunction with item direct current measurement capability.
i.e.,
(Ma or FA. mV 8) light when the
is
selected.
mV, 2,20,200,750V rms, or AUTO
PA, 2,20,200, or 2000 mA
5,
selects dc voltage or
8
10 11
12
BATTERY CHARGER/ ELIMINATOR
9
V-s2
COMMON
m
A
Sunshade
Jack provided for connection of the chargerleliminator accessory.
Jack for high (red) lead connection to and resistance measurements.
Jack for low (black) lead connection to Jack for high (red) lead
measurements (2A FUSE behind; push in and twist
to remove). Shade slides forward to improve the readability of the displays in
bright light environments.
2-17. The overload protection varies with the range and function selected. The maximum allowable input overload condition for each function and range is given in
r able
2-2.
2-18.
ASSEMBLY AND INITIAL OPERATION
2-19. It is recommended that the assembly and initial operation of the
8040A be done in accordance with the
following procedure. No test equipment is required to
8040A for voltage (ac or dc)
8040A for all functions.
conrlection to 8040A for current (ac and dc)
'/4
turn and pull
perform this procedure; all signals observed are gener­ated by the instrument operational evaluation when the
8040A. This procedure may be used as an
8040A is
being used in locations away from normal calibration equipment.
2-20. Assemble the 8040A as follows:
a. Remove the contents of the box marked
BATTERY COVER. (Four
"C" size batteries, a
8040A
Table
2-2.
8040A MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE INPUT OVERLOAD CONDITIONS
battery cover, and two mounting screws for non-rechargeable batteries; an assembled pack and two mounting screws for rechargeable batteries.
CAUTION
Do not operate
8040A
without battery cover in place (batteries do not have to be installed).
b.
The four non-rechargeable alkaline batteries are
to be mounted in the battery clips (position as indicated on
8040A case) then the battery cover secured in place with the two screws provided. When installing the battery pack note the guide tab on the edge of the cover and match it with the recess in the bottom center of the
8040A
case.
2-21. the basic operation of the
The following procedure may be used to check
8040A. It is not intended to be used as a verification of calibration accuracy. Proceed with the operational check as follows:
a. Turn the 8040A on.
c.
(Check DC Volts Operation)
Select volts dc function (see Function Selection Examples) and the 20 range.
d.
Insert the test lead probe into the
BTRY
TEST
hole, located on the bottom of the 8040A case.
e. The 8040A display will indicate the battery
voltage; between 4.0 volts and 5.8 volts.
f.
(Check
AC
Volts Operation)
Select the volts
ac function and 200 mV range.
€5 The 8040A display will indicate the ripple
voltage created by the inverter. This voltage will be as much as 60
mV ac (battery operation) or
150 mV ac with the charger/eliminator as power
source.
NOTE
Due to the charging oJ the inpur c~oupling capacitor it will take 5 to
I
reading
h.
o settle.
(Check Resistance Operation)
10
secondsfbr this
Select the
resistance function and 2 range.
b. Connect the red test lead to the V-0 input
terminal.
I.
Insert the test probe tip into the mA input terminal.
j.
k.
The 8040A display will indicate 0.100
(Check
test lead to the
DC
mA Operation)
mA input terminal.
+2
Connect the red
1. Select the dc mA function and 2 range.
digits.
0.
P.
(Check AC mA Operation)
Select the ac mA
function.
The 8040A display will indicate the same as step
n
(mA input is dc coupled).
m. Place the test probe tip into the BTRY TEST
2-22.
FUNCTION SELECTION EXAMPLES
hole.
n. The 8040A display will indicate between 0.400
the 0.580
milliamps. (The current depends upon
the battery voltage measured in step d and e.)
Pushbutton Out Input LO Lead Connection
Pushbutton In
Operators Cho~ce
DESIRED SWITCH INPUT
FUNCTION POSITIONS CONNECTIONS
Volts DC
2-23.
switch positions and input connections for each function.
Figure
Input HI Lead Connection
NO
Connection
2-2
provides a graphic illustration of
8040A
0
O
Volts AC
D~rect Current
Alternating
Current
Res~stance
Figure
80401
2-2.
MULTIMCTCR
FUNCTION SELECTION EXAMPLES
-.
.
-
Section
3
3-1.
3-2.
arranged under two major headings. The first, titled OVERALL FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION, discusses the overall operation of the instrument in terms of the functional relationships of the major circuits. The second section is titled CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION and deals with the internal operation of each major circuit in more detail. Block diagrams and simplified circuit diagrams are included, where needed, to aid in understanding the theory. The complete schematic diagrams are located in Section
INTRODUCTION
The theory of operation for the Model 8040A is
7.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- - -
v-n
I
I
I
I
I
I
INPUT
DIVIDER
ANALOG
I
I
OHMS
VOLTAGE
SOURCE
I
I
SHUNTS
SUPPLIES
-
Theory
3-3.
3-4.
3-5.
major sections; an Analog section and a Digital section. The interconnection of the two major sections of circuitry, including the subsections within each section is illustrated in Figure discuss the operation of the major sections (and subsections of each) giving a brief look at the function and interrelationship of these circuits.
-
OVERALL FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Introduction
The 8040A circuitry can be divided into two
-
-
1
of
Operation
3-1.
This section of theory will
8040A in terms of the two
---
DISPLAY
A
i
TIMING AND
I
CONTROL SIGNALS
A/D
CONVERTER
I I
II
I
I
I
I
TIMING AND CONTROL
A
1
I
I
I I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I I
I
I
1
Figure
3-1.
8040A
BLOCK
DIAGRAM
3-
1
3-6. Analog Circuits
3-7. The Analog portion of the 8040A circuitry consists of an Input Divider, Buffer, RMS Converter, Ohms Voltage Source, A/ D Reference, Current Shunts, Power Supplies and measured are connected to the Analog circuitry via the V-R or proportional to the applied input, is developed by the Input Divider, Current Shunts, Buffer and RMS
Converter and applied to the voltage equivalent of the applied input charges a capacitor in the input. A reference voltage, opposite in polarity to the voltage representing the applied input, is then connected to the at a constant rate. The time it takes the capacitor to discharge is therefore proportional to the applied input. the Digital section of and displays it as a digital representation of the input circuit.
mA terminals. A dc voltage, directly
A/D causing the charged capacitor to discharge
A/D Converter. The inputs to be
A/D Converter. This dc
AID to a level proportional to the
8040A circuitry measures the time
3-8. Digital Circuits
3-9. The Digital section consists of Timing and Control and Display circuits. The Timing and Control Signals connect the dc voltage representing the input being measured to the A/ D for 100 ms then disconnect it and apply the reference voltage. At the time the reference voltage is applied the Timing and Control circuit starts counting the number of cycles of the Crystal Oscillator occur until the A/ D sends a signal to the Timing and Control circuit indicating that the capacitor has been discharged to zero. The number of cycles of oscillator signal that occurred is presented on the display as the value of the unknown input being measured by the
8040A.
be connected in series with the unknown resistance applied to the The Ohms Source Voltage is applied to this voltage divider and the voltage drop across the unknown
resistance is measured by the value of the resistance.
V-R terminal to form a voltage divider.
8040A to calculate the
3-15. Current Shunts
3-16. The Current Shunts are a set of series connected resistors. The unknown current applied to the mA terminal develops a voltage proportional to the current, across the portion of the shunt resistors selected
by the range switch. The developed across the shunt resistor and displays the value of the input current.
8040A processes the voltage
3-17. Buffer
3-18. (measurement of dc or ac volts), the (measurement of resistance) or the Current Shunts (measurement of dc or ac Buffer (see Figure 3-2). The gain of the Buffer is changed to compensate for the changes in the output voltage of the Input Divider and Current Shunts. A combination of buffer gain
Divider or Current Shunts is selected so that the output of the Buffer will not exceed 2V dc (or rms) for any full scale input in either the dc (or ac) voltage or current function. Because of changes in the reference voltage used in the resistance function (explained in the
Reference theory) the output of the Buffer, for full scale inputs, changes when the range changes. Table 3-1 provides the gain and Buffer output information for each range.
The output voltage of either the Input Divider
V-R terminal
mA) is applied to 48 in the
(XI or X10) and scale factor of the Input
A/D
3-10. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION 3-11. Introduction
3-12. look at the subsections of circuitry, as presented in the block diagram, in more detail. When needed for explanation, simplified schematic diagrams of the circuits being discussed will be provided.
This section of 8040A theory of operation will
3-13. Input Divider
3-14. The Input Divider performs two basic functions when measuring unknown inputs applied to the terminal. First, when measuring either dc or ac voltages, the divider is used to scale the input voltages down to a level that can be handled by the Buffer. The second function of the divider is to provide resistors which can
V-R
Table
-
3-1.
RANGE
200
2
kfi
20
kfi
200
ka
2000
kc2
20 Ma
BUFFER GAlN CONFIGURATION,
kn
FUNCTION
BUFFER GAIN AND DIVISION
XIO,
+
XIO,
+
XI,
+
1
XIO,
+
XI,
+I
XI, +I0
3-19. AID Reference
3-20. to the
After the output of the Buffer has been applied
A/
D Converter for 100 ms the timing and control
1
I
I
FULL SCALE
BUFFER OUTPUT
980 mV 980 mV 833 mV 980 mV 833 rnV 333 mV
signals disconnect the Buffer output and connect the appropriate
simplified schematic diagram of the circuit.
3-21. current the Timing and Control circuit detects the polarity of the voltage applied to the A/ order to select the reference voltage of the opposite polarity. If, for example, the input to the positive the Control circuits would produce a command which would cause the -VREF gate (part of U8) to turn on and supply a -1.0 volt reference to the A/ D Converter. A negative polarity input to the will cause the Control circuit to provide a DE(+R) command to turn on the +VREF gate to apply a 4-1.0 volt reference to the A/D Converter.
3-22. processed by the RMS Converter so that the dc voltage (proportional to the ac input voltage) applied to the A/D Converter is always positive polarity. In the AC function (volts or current) the Control circuit produces a
DE(-R) command to apply the -VREF to the A/D Converter. In the AC and DC functions the reference voltage is fixed at 1.0 volt either positive or negative.
A/D Reference voltage. Figure 3-3 is a
AID Reference
When the 8040A is used to measure dc volts or
D
Converter in
8040A is
DE(-R)
8040A
AC voltage or current applied to the 8040A is
3-23. voltage changes as the input to the 8040A use a ratio ohms conversion technique to determine the value of the unknown resistance applied to the input terminals. This technique works on the principle that when a voltage (Ohms Source Voltage) is applied across series connected resistors (the Input Divider resistors and the unknown) the voltage drop across each will be proportional to the value of each resistor.
3-24. The 8040A calculates the value of the unknown resistor. The formula followed to make this calculation is:
Where RX is the unknown resistance, RREF is the Input
Divider voltage across the unknown resistance and VREF is the voltage across the Input Divider
3-25.
Input Divider is fixed for any given range and the resistance values are a factor of 10 apart, the position of the decimal point in the Display makes the adjustment
In the resistance
resistor(s) selected by the range relays, Vx is the
Since the value of the reference resistor(s) in the
(KR)
function the reference
8040A changes. The
resistor(s).
+11.5v
T
10k 10k
41
0.47 pF
FROM INPUT 270 pF
DIVIDER
Q8
FROM
CURRENT
2.67k
+
.
TO
RMS
CONVERTER
1
TO
A/D
CONVERTER
-1 1.5V
Figure
3-2.
SIMPLIFIED BUFFER CIRCUIT
3-3
IN
THE
BUFFER
CIRCUIT
f++!!-ii
-
---
-)-
-
---------
20k
---------------
----
-
3-4
TO OHMS VOLTAGE
Figure
3-3.
SlMPLl
FlED
A/D
REFERENCE CIRCUIT
ON FOR
+VREF
I
I
v
d-
TO
A/D
CONVERTER
for the RREF term in the formula. The 8040A directly reads the value of output to the VREF is determined by algebraically adding positive voltage) to a negative equivalent of the ohms source voltage. The resulting voltage is VREF and is applied to the application of
Vx and applies the resulting Buffer
AID Converter for 100 ms. The value of
VX (a
A/D Converter at the end of the 100 ms
Vx.
3-31. ~ulti~lier-Divider function is performed using a Log­Antilog circuit. The base-emitter voltage of a transistor is almost perfectly logarithmically related to the collector current. obtain two times the log of the input; then by taking the antilog we obtain a voltage proportional to the square of the input
In the 8040A implicit conversion method the
By
putting two transistors in series we
(Vi2).
3-26.
3-27. positive voltage source in the ational amplifier schematics in Section 7) make up the unity gain buffer amplifier that supplies the ohms source voltage. The Ohms Voltage Source circuit is used exclusively in the resistance measurement function.
3-28.
3-29. An rrns amplitude is that value of alternating current or voltage that results in the same power dissipation in a given resistance as dc current or voltage of the same numerical value. The mathematical formula for determining the rms value of an ac voltage is:
Where Vi is the value of the ac voltage at any given instant. The instantaneous voltage and computes the rrns value of the input signal.
3-30. The 8040A uses an implicit method for computing the rrns value of the input. Figure 3-4 is a block diagram of rms value of an ac voltage. The output voltage of the RMS Converter (VO) is a dc voltage proportional to the rrns value of the ac voltage applied to the proven by the following mathematical calculations. As indicated in Figure 3-4 Vo multiplying both sides of the equation by Vo we get Vo2 formula becomes Vo
Ohms
The ohms source voltage is derived from the
Voltage Source
AID reference. Oper-
U1 and associated components (see
RMS Converter
8040A RMS Converter monitors the
the'implicit method of calculating the
8040A. This is
=
(K)/VO ; therefore, by
=
Vi2. By taking the square root of both sides the
=
m.
3-32. The components in the 8040A RMS Converter that perform the various functions in calculating the rrns
value of the signal (Vi) to the RMS Converter is first applied to a circuit which produces a current representative of the absolute value of the input. The current is then applied to the collector of the first of the two series connected transistors that, in conjunction with operational amplifier
U38, produce a voltage output representing two times the log of Vi. A feedback circuit through U 13 (pins and 3) and the upper right transistor in array U11 provide a voltage equal to the log of Vo. Subtracting the log of Vo from two times the log of Vi is equal to the mathematical function of calculating final step in determining the rrns value is handled by U13 (pins U11 and the output filter (the 47k resistor and 0.47 capacitor). These components calculate the antilo of
V/VO
this voltage being directly proportional to the rms value of the input applied to the
3-33.
3-34. The AID Converter receives the dc voltage
output, from either the RMS Converter or Buffer,
representing the unknown value applied to the
input terminals. Timing signals from the Timing and
Control circuit cause the RMS Converter or Buffer
output voltage to be applied to the
ms. The amplitude of this input voltage controls the rate
at which a capacitor in the
end of the 100 ms integrate period the charge on the
capacitor is proportional to the unknown applied to the
inpit are illustrated in Figure 3-5. The input
Vi2/Vo . The
7,6,
and
5),
the lower right transistor of array
producing an output voltage equal to&,
8040A.
AID
Converter
A/ D for exactly 100
A/D is charged, so that at the
1,2,
pF
8040A
Vi
O---X
ABSOLUTE
VALUE
CIRCUIT
I
XI
I
Vi
I
ONE-QUADRANT
MULTIPLIER-DIVIDER
-
X
-
Y
XY
z
3
Vi2
-
VO
z
I
Figure 3-4. RMS CONVERTER REPRESENTATION
LOW
FILTER
-
(vi2)
vo
PASS
vo
b
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