Epson QX10 Owner's Manual

TECHNICAL MANUAL
TROUBLESHOOTING
EPSON
08290002-0
TECHNICAL
MANUAL
TROUBLESHOOTING
This Technical Manual provides technical information on the structure, maintenance, and repairs the QX-10. For
the
details ation). Major technical modifications, if made Technical Manual should be revised accordingly. The. details withOl,!t notice. All the information given in the Manual concerns the QX-1
All rights reserved. No part
mitted, out the prior written permission by
in
of
the operation, refer
of
this publication may be reproduced, stored
any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording
to
the Technical Manual
in
the future, will be notified through Service Bulletins, and the
EPSON
CORPORATION.
of
QX-1
of
0
to
others.
Copyright ©
0 (Principles
the Manual are subject
in
a retrieval system,
1983
by
EPSON CORPORATION
of
Hardware Oper-
to
or
or
otherwise,
change
trans-
with-
Nagano, Japan
of
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 4 REPAIRS CHAPTER 5 TROUBLESHOOTING
DiSASSEMBLY ADJUSTMENT
AND
AND
REASSEMBLY
MAINTENANCE
CHAPTER
1
GENERAL
CONTENTS
1.1 Features.......................................... ................ ................................................. 1-1
1.2
Hardware
1.2.1 General ................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2.2
1.3
Specifications
1.3.1 External Dimensions and
1.3.2 Environmental Conditions ....................................................................
Configuration................................................................................ 1-1
Hardware ............................................................................................... 1-1
..................................................................................................
Weight
.........................................................
1-2 1-2 1-2
1.1
Features
The OX-1 0 is an all business computer system. 256
KB
maximum, full-graphic The standard configuration includes a programmable timer, Centronics-compatible RS-232C interface, C-MOS RAM backed up has five card slots Optional cards available include character generators er interface,
1.2
Hardware
1.2.1 General The OX-1 0 is composed of three units: The main system unit, board, stallation The keyboard be transmitted in any direction. The standard
1.2.2
Hardware
CRT
color
power
of
optional cards.
two
floppy disk drivers
display
with
which
permit installation
CRT
interface, and pulse transformer interface.
configuration
the
heart
supply,
unit
monitor
two
5-1/4"
is connected
unit
is a
a resolution
of
floppy
to
12"
of
the
the
QX-10
disk
the main system
high resolution green
It
consists
of
double-sided, double-density,
640
by
400
by
battery, clock and calendar, and separate keyboard.
of
optional cards
main system unit,
system, includes the main
drives developed
unit
of a Z80A-compatible
dots.
as
required.
of
varying fonts, IEEE-488 interface, optical fib-
the
keyboard unit, and
by
Epson, and five slots
with
a curled cord
monitor
capable
5-1/4"
circuit
through
of
displaying
CPU,
a memory
disks, and a
printer
the
board, sub
which
interface,
monitor
permitting
signals may
bit
images.
of
12"
It
unit.
circuit
in-
Main system
CPU Memory
Clock Speaker Interfaces
DMA Interrupt levels Counter/timer FDD
Card slots Monitor
Keyboard
.uPD780AC-1 RAM : VIDEO RAM : C-MOS RAM : 2
EPROM : C-MOS real-time clock (backed up by battery) Permanent magnet speaker Printer interface (Centronics-compatible)
RS-232C communications interface 7 channels
15 6 channels 5-1/4" 320
KB x 2 drives
48
TPI, double sided & double density
FDD
(Z80A
x 2
compatible, 4 MHz)
256
KB
(maximum
128
KB
(maximum on
KB
(standard, backed up by battery)
2/4/8
K8
(for
IPL)
on
main board) CRT
board)
5
1
2"
green
monitor
640 x 400 ASCII, HASCI
dots
1-1
1.3
Specifications
1.3.1 External
(1) External dimensions
(2)
1.3.2
Environmental
(1) Temperature .................... during operation
(2) Humidity ........................... during operation
(3) Resistance
(4) Resistance
Dimensions
Main system unit ca. Green
monitor
Keyboard
Optional card Weight:
unit
to
to
and
Weight
unit ca.
ca.
approx. 1 Skg
Conditions
storage
storage
shock ........ during operation
storage
vibration .... during operation
storage
(W)
50S
312
50S
(510)
2S0
(0)
x
340
x
340
x
224
x
80
(H)
x
103
x
270
48
x
:
5°C
to
:
-30°C
:
20 -80% 10 -90%
: : max. 1 : max. 5
0.25
: max. : max. 3
(mm) (mm) (mm)
(mm)
40°C
to
70°C
(no condensation) (no condensation)
G,
1 msec
G,
1 msec
G,
5-50
Hz
G,
5-50Hz
MainSY~
Greeninitor
unit
Fig 1-1
Hardware
configuration
1-2
of
QX-10
Q10GMS
Board
U9h8
CRT
AC
IN
Q10PS
board
Fig
,uP0765
(Channel A)
MPD7210
(Channel
JLPD8255
1-2
Block diagram of main component
B)
~
FOO
(SO-321 )
Keyboard
RS-232C
Printer
(centronics type)
Open card
1-3
(A)
Q10S
SYM
board
This is a main control board including
CPU,
compatible
with
Z80A,
Z80A
family
LSI
and main memory.
Name
CPU
DMA
controller
Interrupt controller
Interval
timer
Serial controller
Printer controller
Real
time clock
Floppy
disk
controller
Model
.uPD780C
8237A
8259AC
8253C
7201C
8255AC
46818P
765AC
Q'ty
CPU
1
2
2
(4MHz) compatible
Provided tor
Controls
with
and options.
the
total
interrupt priority interrupt including PWD output keyboard inter­rupt.
2
Controls
the
boud rate RS-232C.
1 Allocates channel a
RS-232C, and controls serial data transfer CPU.
1
1
1
Provided interface
Provided
Interface
with with
with
with
an printer
clock
FOO
Function
with
Z80A.
of
7 channels
of
to
the
8-bit
parallel port.
conformable
keyboard
for
of
total
clock
keyboard and B
Acts
to
and calendar functions.
(SO-321 )
FDD,
moni-
15
levels
and
to
with
as an
Centronix.
I/O selector
Main memory
P-ROM
C-MOS RAM
LS154
416/4164
2716/32/
1 Accesses each
low
order address (A2
Dynamic RAM is used.
8
Provided
32
1 Stores IPL programs.
64
449
1
Protects
an
NiCd battery.)
Table 1-1 Primary configuration
I/O
point
with
4 banks maximum.
the
data on
of
Q1
0 SYM
by decoding the
,...
A5)
of
CPU.
power
failure. (Backed up by
4-bit
1-4
Fig.
1-3
1 ,uPD780C
2
8237
3
8259AC
4
8253C
5
7201 C (Multi-protcol Serial Controller)
6
8255AC
7
46818P
8
765AC
9
LS 1 54
10
416/4164
11
2716/32/04
12
449
(Z80A
A (Programmable
compatible
DMA
CPU)
Controller)
(Programmable Interrupt Controller)
(Programmable Interval Timer)
(Programmable peripheral Interface)
(Real-time clock plus RAM)
(Programmable Floppy Disk Controller)
(I/O Selector)
(D-RAM)
(P-ROM
for
IPL)
(C-MOS RAM)
1-5
(B)
Q10
GMS
board
includes
graphic
display
controller
The board includes graphic display controller ,uPD7220 and V-RAM, and controls display monitor.
of
the green
Name
Graphic display controller
Video RAM
Character generator
7220
416/4164
2732/64
Table
Model
1-2
Q'ty
Primary configuration
1
A display controller magnifying functions.
16
Dynamic RAM is used.
1
ROM
storing display
play unit.
of
Q1
0 GMS
Function
with
high speed
fonts
to
be sent
drawing
to
the
and
dis-
1-4
Fig.
1
7220
(Graphic Display Controller) 2 V-RAM 3
P-ROM (Character Generator)
(16/64 k bit
1-6
dynamic RAM)
(e)
Q10
PS
board This is a It
power
supply
accommodates
to
Specifications (1)
Input voltage:
(2)
Frequency: (3) Power cosumption: (4)
Input serge current: (5) Leak current: (6)
Insulation strength:
(7)
Insultation
resistance~
(8) Output Voltage:
unit
power
for
the
OX-1
0 system and a
supplies
of 1 OOV
and
100V-10% -120V+10% 200V 50/60
channel
Hz
220V -10%
Approx.75W 30A
for
20
ms maximum
1 rnA maximum 1
OOV
channel Can
and case
200V
channel
Can
supply and case
10
M.Q
for
500V
switching
200V
levels by
withstand
for
withstand
DC
minimum.
regulator
switching
'"
240V + 10%
1 kV applied between
with
a flyback transformer.
jumper wire J
AC
1 minute.
1 .25 kV applied between AC
for
1 minute.
1.
power
power
supply
Output voltage
+5 +12(C) +12(F) +12(L)
-12
Limits of output
voltage current
5.0
'"
5.1
V
,....
12.4
11.6
V
11.4 -12.6V 11 -13V
-11
--13V Table
1-3
Standard
3.6A O.9A
1.2A a.45A a.a2A
USE
logic circuit
green
monitor
floppy
disk
drive
keyboard, RS-232C
D-RAM, RS-232C
Fig.
1-5
1-7
(D) CRT
Fig. The
flection.
display
1-6
CRT
unit
shows the standard green
is characterized by high resolution
monitor
unit
of
of
640 x 400
OX-1
O.
dots
and non-glare coating, preventing re-
1
CRT 2 Anode cap 3
Deflection yoke 4 Flyback transformer 5
CRT
drive unit
(DY)
(FBT)
(CDU)
1) Pin
Definition
Pin
No. Function
1 Video
2
3
4 Power supply + 12 V
5
6
7
8
(E)
Frame ground
(7) Ground (power, hor.)
(3)
Horizontal sync
(5) Ground (power, hor.)
Fig.
1-6
signal Vertical synchronizing signal Horizontal synchronizing signal
DC
Grounding (power supply, horizontal)
1-4
vertical)
(6) Ground (video, vert.)
(1) Video
(4)
+12
signal
VDC
Grounding (video Grounding (power supply, horizontal) Frame grounding
Table
Fig-
1-7
1-8
2)
Input
Conditions
(1) Video signal:
(2)
Video input impedance:
(3)
Horizontal driving signal:
.
(4)
Horizontal input impedance:
(5)
Vertical driving signal:
(6)
Vertical input impedance:
3)
Input
signal
timing
(a) Horizontal driving signal
19.3
kHz
--------
--
..
-----
0
Fig 1
8
300
a min.
TTL (positive) l:
0 ­500amin. TTL (positive)
l:
0 -
3.0
kamin.
0,8
0.8
40
V
V
pF
max.
H:
2.4 - 5.5 V .
H:2.4 -5.5V
~nt-----\((~
I I »
-;
t--
1.44)AS
51.84.uS
5.0V
4.0V
--OV
---In"'---_
Full Bright Half Bright
Dark
Video signal
(b) Vertical driving signal
45.8
Hz
Video signal
(c)
Video signal
13.44.u
____
~Il~----
--l
I-
0.83 mS
1.09 mS
Fig. 1
__
Fig.
Fig.
38.40.u
=9
~({~------~rl~------
21.83 mS
20.74mS
1-10
Dot clock = 16.667 MHz
1-11
1-9
(El
Keyboard
of
The keyboard These
two
Keyboard data transfer is from the main
Data transfer is made BPS.
QX-1 0 is available in ASCII type and HASCI type, according
types are almost the same in hardware.
CPU.
to
applications.
controlled by the
with
the main system unit in the start-stop turning system at the rate
CPU
,uPD8049 used as a keyboard controller separately
of
1200
Pin
Definition
Pin No.
1 2
3
4 5 6
7
8
Note: The direction
Signal Direction
OUT OUT OUT
IN
-
-
-
-
of
signal
is
as viewed from the
Fig
1-12
1 Keyboard controller (,uPD8049)
2 Key scan signal decoder (LS145)
Description
Q1
OSYM board
Table
1-5'
2
of
Signal
Received data
Clock
(1200
BPS)
+12
V
Transmitted data
Ground Ground Ground Ground
3
Fig.
E 6
1-13
Pin
1-10
locations
(F)
Floppy
Double sided, double density type below: SO-321 produces an ultra
1) In order
2) to
two
Disk
Drive
SO-321
to
miniaturize the circuit board and get high reliability,
lSls.
thin
of
5-1/4"
structure
of
1/2 -1/3
floppy
disk drive SO-321 has the features
the
convertional models.
most
of
the control circuit is integrated
as
described
Fig.
1-14
1
Head pad
2
VCM
3 Drive 4
Main
motor PCB
1-11
~
Specifications
1.
Memory
of
50-321
capacity (1) Unformatted (2)
Fo~matted
(1
6 sectors/track)
2. Recording density (side
1,
trk
39)
500 k byte 328 k byte
5876
BPI
(Double density recording) (Double density recording)
(Double density recording)
3. Transmission speed
Track mean speed
4.
waiting
5. Access time
(1
)
Between tracks
(2)
Between tracks mavin g average
(3)
6.
7.
Settling
Motor
Motor
time
starting
speed
time
8. Track density
9. Total number
of
tracks
10. Inner circumference
11
..
Outer circumference
12. Recording system
track
track
time
radius
radius
250 k bit/sec
100
msec
15
msec
220
msec
15
msec
0.5 sec
:,300
rpm
48TPI
80
36.52
55.03
36.52
34.40
MFM
mm mm
mm mm
(Double density recording)
(trk
39,
side 0)
(trk
00,
side 1 )
(trk
39,
side 0)
(trk
39,
side 1)
13.
R/W
head
positioning
14.
Main axis
15.
Detectors
(1
)
Index hole
(2)
Track
(3)
Wright
(4)
Track address
16.
Ambient
(1
)
Temperature
(2)
Relative
(3)
Maximum
(4)
Vibration
17.
Transportation and storage
(1
)
Temperature
(2)
Relative
(3)
Vibration
(4)
Impact
motor
detector
No.OO
protect
conditions
humidity
wet-bulb
humidity
detector
detector
detector
temperature
condition
Voice
coil
motor
Outer
rotor-type
brush less
Photoelectric conversion Photoelectric conversion Photoelectric conversion Photoelectric conversion
4°C
to
43°C
20%
to
80%
(no condensation)
29°C
0.6G,5
-40°C less than less than 3G,
,less than
,..,.
60
Hz
to
65"C
95
% (no condensation)
50
,...
60
50
G
transistor
Hz
motor
1-12
18.
Power supply
(1
)
+12V(±5%-)
(2)
+5V(±5%)
0.7 A (typ) (at reading/writing)
1.9 A (max) (at
0.25
A (typ) (at reading/writing)
0.4
A (max) (at
motor
motor
starting)
starting)
19.
Power consumption
: . 9.7 W (typ)
20. Reliability (1
)
MTBF
(2)
MTIR
(3)
Soft
error rate
(4)
Hard error rate
(5)
Seek error rate less than once every 1
1000
HOURS
30
minutes less than once every 1 less than once every
21. Connectors (1
)
Power supply
(2)
Signal
connector
connector
AMP. 3 M
PIN
PIN
3463-0001
1-480424-0
(POH)
09 bits
12
10
bits
06 seeks
or
equivalent
or
equivalent
1-13
CHAPTER 2
DISASSEMBLY
2.1
Precautions
2.2
Disassembly
2.2.1 Optional cover and upper case .........................................................
2.2.2
2.2.3 Q10SYM board .................................................................................
2.2.4
2.2.5
2.2.6 Power lamp ............................... .................................... ......... ...... .....
2.3
Disassembly monitor
2.3.1 Cover .................................................................................................
2.3.2
2.3.3 Board
2·.4
Disassembly
keyboard
2.4.1 Cover ................................................................................................ 2-1 2
2.4.2 Replacement
2.5
SO-321
2.5.1 Main board set .......................................................
2.5.2 Voice coil
2.5.3 Sub-frame, collet set, collet lever
2.5.4 Front panel ......................................................................................
2.5.5 Disk guide
2.5.6 Disk drive
2.5.7 Disk guide
2.5.8 Index
2.5.9 Index
2.5.10 Eject lock lever set ..........................................................................
for
disassembly
and
reassembly
Q1
OGMS board ..................................................................................
Q1
OPS
board (Power supply unit) ......................................................
FDO
(SO-321 ) unit ............................ ,.......................................... .....
and
reassembly
unit}
..................................................................................................
CRT
..................................................................................................
(CRT
drive unit) ..................................................................... 2-11
and
reassembly
unit
................................................................................................ 2-1 2
of
key switches and
LED
lamps ....................................................................................... 2-1 3
mechanism
and pad arm .......................................................................... : .........
and eject transmission
pulley set .........................................................................................
.....................................................................................
motor
unit (VCM unit) ....................................................
(L)
unit,
motor
and endless belt ..................................................
(R),
idler set and
detector detector
A set ........................................................................
B set ........................................................................
ANDREASSEMBL
Y
CONTENTS
and
reassembly
of
the
main
of
CRT (green
of
the
write
protector set
level ........................................................... 2-21
disk
............................................
unit
...........................................
00
.......................
drive
2-1 2-2 2-2
2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-8
~.
2-9 2-9
2-10
2-14 2-14 2-16
2-18
2-20
2-24
2-26 2-28 2-30 2-32
2.1
Precautions
Before
for
disassembly
disassembling
or
reassembling
and
reassembly
the
QX-1
0,
pay
attention
to
the
following.
1) Make sure Disconnect the AC cable
2) Disconnect the cables of the keyboard,
3) Power is charged in the electrolytic condenser in the
power
4) Take special care If
the anode cap is removed,
posed between the cap and GND.
5)
When with
6)
Be
sure
7) Do
not
When
8)
Abbrevia-
tion
the
power
switch
a substrate using ICs such
your hands
to
use
the
touch
the
the Q 10
switch
from
is turned off. So take care
to
keep the CRT unit away
to
discharge static electricity
specified screws. (See Table 2-1 )
contact
SYM
surfaces
substrate
Abbreviations
is turned off.
the AC inlet.
CRT
it
must
be properly discharged
as a circuit
of
connectors
is
removed
Name
or
unit, etc. connected
the
power
to
avoid electric shock.
from
cathode rays
board is handled, be sure
prior
to
handling.
with
bare hands.
transported,
for
screws
and
to
supply unit
or
with
disconnect
small
the
OX-1
O.
for a few
the yoke coil.
a resistor
to
touch
the
battery
parts
minutes after
of
about
10m
inter-
a grounded device
connector
Rough Sketc h
CN
1 2.
CS
CP
CB
CPO CTB
CTC
CTBR
CO
HH
PW
SW
OW
CW
HN
Cup
screw
Cross-recessed pan head machine
Cross-recessed head
Cross-recessed head C.P.screw Cross-recessed head Cross-recessed head
Cro~s-recessed
Cross-recessed head oval counter sunk Hexagon
PI
ane
Sprinc
socket
washer
-·;-,.3sher
bind
tapping
bind
tapping
cup
tapping
head Brajier head
half-point
set
screw
screw
(with
screw screw
tapping
screw
outside
-
Outside
Conical
Hexagon
toothed
toothed
nut
lock washer
lock washer
screw
screw
toothed
lock
washer)
(@
@
@
@ @
(@
@
©
@
@
©
@
©
@
~
~
~
(J::EJ
~
dfm-
~
.~
~
~
~
I
D
g
Table
2-1
2-1
2.2
Disassembly
2.2.1
Optional
1.
Remove Fig.
2-1.
cs:
M4 x 12
cover
Disassembly
two
screws
x 4
and
reassembly
and
upper
case
procedure
of
the optional cover shown in
of
the
main
unit
Notes
on
disassembly
2. Remove the connector cap A between the option cover and
3. Remove end
lower case.
two
screw hole caps located in the right
of
the upper case
top
with a (-)
screwdriver.
~~~~~r-OI:>ticmaJ
Fig. 2-1
• To replace connector cap A, tional cover and nector cap A push
the
Screw hole cap
Uppercase
~hen
into
the groove
upper part.
insert the lower part
first
replace the op-
of
the
lower
cover
of
con-
case and
4. Remove the the four set screws shown in CS:
5. Remove the 2-4.(CN6 and CN7 on the
Fig.
M4 x 12
2-3.
x 4
two
connectors
shown
Q1
0 SYM substrate)
of the upper case
in
Fig.
Fig
Upper case
Q10
SYM
Fig.
Fig
2-2
2-3
BOARD
2-4
2-2
Disassembly
procedure
Notes
on
disassembly
6. Note: Upper and grounding wire.
lift
the
upper case
the
rear part come
the
lower
case.
lower
cases are connected via the
by
hand and remove
to
the
front, and
put
• The CN6 us 1 Upper case removed
When
CN7 are board.
it
so
that
it
in
front
of
Lower case
by
opening left and
replacing, make sure the cables
not
trapped by
Fig.
lock
type, and should be
right
levers.
the
case
or
2-5
Q 1 0
of
CN7
GMS
and
7.
Remove speaker the
grounding wire.
CTC:
the
screw
of Q 10
M3 x 12
SYM
x 1
on
the
board, and
right
side
of
the
disconnect
Groundi
wire
Upper
When CN7 are board.
1"::1<::1"-----
replacing, make sure
not
trapped by the case
Fig.
2-6
the
cables
or Q 10
of
CN7 and
GMS
• Carry reassembly.
out
above procedure in reverse
for
2-3
• The
tightening
Fig.
2-7
torque is 5
kg·cm.
2.2.2
Q10
GMS
board
Disassembly
1.
Remove the upper case referring
2.
Remove screws No. 1 ~ 4
',he right.
CTB:
M3 x 10
CPO:
M3
3. Hold the
straight up. Then the connector on the right screw 1 shown in Fig. 2-8 comes off.
4. Remove grounding plate C and shielding plate at-
tached
to
cpo:
M3
OW: M3
HN: M3
x 1
x 8 x 3
Q1
0 GMS board
the
Q1 0 GMS
x8
x3
x3
x3
procedure
shown
by
both hand and
board.
to
2.2.1 .
in drawing· on
lift
of
it
the
Notes
on
disassembly
• Before handling the board. be sure static
electricity from your body.
To
replace the board. set connectors CN9 and
CN
1 0 correctly and securely
board.
• When replacing the board. pay attention ection
of
grounding plate
Note:
When
a defective 01 0 GMS board is re-
placed.
grounding plate C and shielding plate are
not
included in spare parts.
• The tightening torque
is 5 kg·cm.
C.
of
screw 1 shown
to
discharge the
in
the 01 0 SYM
to
in
Fig.
the dir-
2-8
• Carry bly.
~CPO
_......;;;;
I.....--
___
\MINN-QW
o:D--HN
Fig.
2·9
out
above procedure in reverse
Grounding plate C
g
......
<
__
~
O:hieldin
GMS
for
plate
reassem-
2-4
2.2.3
Q10
SYM
board
Disassembly
1.
Remove the upper case and
to
2.2.1 and 2.2.2.
ring
2.
Remove the four screws indicated by arrow
marks ian the drawing on the right. CTB:
M3 x 10
3. Remove the connector on the CNS
- Power supply CN13 ­CN
1 2 - Battery
4. Remove the board by opening the claws provided on the
left and right sides
x4
FAN
procedure
Q1
0 GMS board refer-
Q1
0 SYM board.
of
the board.
Notes
on
Fig.
• The tightening torque
Note: The connector CN
1 2 and battery must also
is
board itself the battery
transported
disassembly
2-10
of
the screws is 5 kg.m.
for
connection between
be
removed when the
to
prevent
sh<;>rting
of
5. Take
• Carry bly.
off
the board.
out
above procedure in reverse
for
reassem-
• Before holding the board, static electricity from your body.
• Take
off
the board lifting the
To
replace it, insert the rear side
be
sure
front
first
to
discharge the
side first.
.
2-5
2.2.4 Q10PS board (Power supply
Disassembly
1.
Remove the upper case according
procedure
unit)
to
2.2.1 .
Notes
on
disassembly
2. Disconnect the AC input connector connected board.
connector
to
CN8 of the
CN Q1
3. Remove the four screws shown in the
the right. CS:
M4x8
x4
OW:M4x4
4. Remove the grounding plate.
5.
Lift the
power
supply
unit
and take
it
1 and the 0 SYM
drawing
off.
on
Insulating paper A
Fig.2-11
To
replace the grounding plate, pay attention to the
direction
• In the part A grounding in
that
(with
wire
order.
the
tooth
tip facing up and left).
shown
in
Fig.
2-11,
press terminal and
attach screws,
toothed
CS;$
Grounding
terminal-_oe:::~=::;od
Ow-
washer
• Carry bly.
out
above procedure in reverse
for
reassem-
When
a defective sulating paper A in spare parts.
Fig.
power
shown
2-12
supply
unit
in Fig. 2-11 is
is
replaced, in-
not
included
2-6
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