Epson FX-80 Reference Guide

FCC COMPLIANCE STATEMENT

FOR AMERICAN USERS

This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and if not installed and used properly, that is, in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, may cause interference to radio and television reception. It has been type tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B computing device in accordance with the specifications in Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

- Reorient the receiving antenna

-

Relocate the computer with respect to the receiver

- Move the computer into a different outlet so that computer and receiver are on different branch circuits.

If necessary, the user should consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for additional suggestions. The user may find the following booklet prepared by the Federal Communications Commission helpful:

This booklet is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC

20402. Stock No. 004-000-00345-4.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Epson America, Inc. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, Epson America, Inc. and the author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.

Centronics is a registered trademark of Data Computer Corporation. Concept is a trademark of Corvus Systems, Inc. DEC is a registered trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation. FX-80, FX-100, RX-80, and RX-100 are trademarks of Epson America, Inc. I-IX-20 Notebook Computer is a trademark of Epson America, Inc. IBM-PC is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. Microsoft is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. NEC is the NEC Information Systems, Inc., a subsidiary of Nippon Electronic Company, Ltd. QX-10 is a trademark of Epson America, Inc. TRS-80 is a registered trademark of Radio Shack, a division of Tandy Corporation. 80 Micro is published by Wayne Green Publishers.

“How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TV Interference Problems.”

ii

P8390097

Preface

The User’s Manual for the FX Series Printers consists of two volumes: Tutorial and Reference. This volume is the Reference, which contains the appendixes to Volume 1.

These appendixes are organized as follows:

Appendix A deals with the characters: it gives ASCII codes and displays the dot matrix characters.

Appendixes B through D cover control codes. Appendix B shows the codes in their ASCII numerical order, while C provides a list of the same codes organized by usage groups. Appendix D provides a chart of control codes as they are implemented on three Epson printers, the MX III, the FX, and the RX; a discussion of the differences follows the chart.

Appendixes E through H provide information on other printing needs: E covers defaults and DIP switches, F gives troubleshooting advice, G summarizes how to combine print modes, and H gives ideas

for customizing your printer and its programs.

Appendixes I through K concentrate on technical aspects of the

hardware: maintenance, specifications, and the parallel interface.

A complete table of contents for this volume begins on the next

page.

For your convenience, there is an index at the end of each volume

covering the complete two-volume set. You can therefore find all the references to any topic in either one.

iii

iv

FX Series Printer User’s Manual

Volume 2 Contents

Preface .....................................

List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

List of Tables

ASCII Codes and Character Fonts

A

ASCII Codes and International Characters

ASCII Code Summary International Characters Summary

ASCII Character Matrixes

Control Codes in Numeric Order

B

Control Codes by Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

C

Control-Code Comparison

D

Control-Code Chart Epson Model Differences

Defaults and DIP Switches

E

Default Settings

DIP Switches Examining the Switches

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................

.......................

.............

......................

.................

......................

...........................

........................

......................

.................................

.........................

.........

iii

vii vii

2.53 253 254 255 256

271 283

287 287 289

295 295 296

297

v

Troubleshooting

F

Problem/Solution Summary Beeper Error Warnings

Hex Diagnosis Coding Solutions

POKEing codes Special printer drivers

Solutions for Seven-Bit Systems

High-order bit control Seven-bit graphics

Solutions for Specific Systems

Apple II solutions TRS-80 solutions

IBM-PC solutions QX-10 solutions

...............................

................................

..............................

.............................

....................

.........................

........................

..................

........................

...........................

...................

...........................

............................

...........................

301 301 304 305 306 307

308 309 310 311 312 312

313 313 314

G Mixing Print Modes

Methods for Mixing Mode Conflicts and Priorities Summary Notes

H Customizing the FX

Spread-Sheet Programs Word Processing

BASIC Program Listings Quiet Printing Graphics and User-Defined Characters

I

Printer Maintenance

Always Now and Then

Rarely Changing the Print Head

J

Technical Specifications

Printing

Paper Printer Environment Interface Schematic

......................................

.......................................

......................................

........................................

.......................................

.....................................

....................................

............................

...............................

............................

.........................

..............................

........................

................................

...........................

................................

.......................

.........................

..................................

....................

............

317 317 318

319

321 321 321 322

322 322

323 323 323 323 324

327 327 328 328 329

329 330

vi

K

Parallel Interface

Data Transfer Sequence

Interface timing Signal relationships

..............................

.........................

.............................

..........................

333 335 335

335

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

List of Figures

E-1

Factory setting of the DIP switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F-1

Best-case hex dump

F-2

TRS-80 Model III hex dump

I-1

Print head replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

K-1

Parallel interface timing

............................

.....................

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

List of Tables

E-1

DIP switch functions

E-2 International DIP switch settings

G-1 Arriving at 128 type styles G-2 Master Select quick reference chart

G-3 Mode priorities

...........................

.................

......................

...............

.................................

337

297 306

306

324 335

297

298 317

318

319

K-1

Pins and signals

K-2 Signal interrelations

...............................

............................

333 336

vii

Appendix A

253

ASCII Codes and Character Fonts

This appendix provides information about the way the ASCII codes are employed on the FX printers and about the character fonts associated with those codes. The first section summarizes the codes. The second section displays, in ASCII order, the decimal number, the hexadecimal number, a printout, and an enlarged dot matrix for each character in the two fonts that you can access directly:

1.

the Roman font for the USA character set (decimal

2.

the Italic font for the USA character set (decimal included here is the pair of fonts for the international characters, which you access indirectly:

3. the Roman font for international characters (decimal 0-31)

4.

the Italic font for international characters (decimal

ASCII Codes and International Characters

To use a character or one of the control codes specified in the third column, you use the BASIC character-string command, CHR$(n), where n represents the decimal number shown in the first column. You cause the code to be sent to a device by using another command; the most common command for sending a code to the printer is LPRINT.

For more on this subject, see Chapter 2.

32-126)

X0-254) Also

128-159)

ASCII Code summary

Dec Hex CHR 0

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

OA OB OC OD OE OF

11 12

14 15

17 18

1B 1C 1D 1E 1F 20 21 22

24 25

29 2A 2B 2C 2D

31 33

36

37 39

3A 3B

3C

3D

none none none none none none none BEL BS

HT LF VT FF CR SO SI none

DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4 none none none CAN

19

none none ESC none none none none

! " #

$ % &

( )

* +

,

/

0

1 2 3 4 5

6

7 8 9

:

;

<

=

>

?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 10

17 18 19 13 20 21 22 16 23 24

25

26 1A 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 23 36 37 38 26 39 27 40 28 41 42 43 44 45 46 2E 47 2F 48 30 49 50 32 51 52 34 53 35

54

55 56 38 57 58 59

60

61 62 3E 63 3F

Dec Hex CHR 64 40

65 41 66 42 67 43 68 44 69 45 70 46 71 47 72 48 73 49 74 4A 75 4B 76 4C 77 4D 78 4E 79 4F 80 50 81 51 82 52 83 53 84 54 85 55 86 56

87

57

58

88 89 59 90 5A 91 5B 92 5C 93 5D 94 5E 95 5F 96 60 97 61 98 62 99 63 100 64 101 65 102 66 103 67 104 68 105 69 106 6A 107 6B 108 6C 109 6D 110 6E 111 6F 112 70 113 71 114 72 115 73 116 74 117 75 118 76 119 77 120 78 121 79 122 7A 123 7B 124 7C 125 7D 126 7E 127 7F

DEL

Dec Hex CHR

@ A B C D E F G H

I

J K

L

M

N

O P

Q R S

T U V w

X Y

Z

[

\

]

^

—

'

a

b c d e f

g

h

i j

k

l m n

o

p q

r s t u v w x

y z

{

|

} ~

128

80 none

129

81

130 82 none

131 132 84 133 134 135 87 136

137 138 139 140

141

142

143

144

145

146 92

147

148

149

150

151

152

153

154

155

156

157

158

159

160 161 162 163 164 165

166

167

168 169

170

171

172

173

174

175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182

183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190

191

none

83 none

none 85 none 86 none

BEL 88

BS 89

HT 8A

LF 8B

VT 8C

FF 204 8D CR 8E

SO 8F

SI 90 none 91

DC1

DC2 93

DC3 94

DC4 95 none 213 96 none 97

none 215 96

CAN 99 none 9A

none 218 9B

ESC 9C

none 220 9D

none 9E none 9F none A0 A1

/

A2

"

A3

#

A4

$

A5

%

A6

&

'

A7

(

A8

)

A9

*

AA

+

AB

,

AC

—

AD

.

AE AF

/

B0

0

B1

1

B2

2

B3

3

B4

4

B5

5

B6

6

B7

7

B8

8

B9

9 BA BB BC BD BE BF

Dec Hex CHR

CO C2

C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 CA CB CC CD CE CF DO

Dl D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 DA DB DC DD DE DF

E1

E4

E7

EA EB EC ED EE EF

F1

FB FC FD

DEL

@

A B C D

E

F G H

I

J k

L M N O P Q R S T

U

V W X

Y Z

[

\ I

^

—

` a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

k

l

m

n

o

p

t

u v w

{

:

192

193 C1 194 195 196

197 198

199 200 201 202 203

205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212

214 216

217 219 221

222 223 224 E0 225 226 E2 227 E3 228 229 E5 230 E6 231 232 E8 233 E9 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 FO 241 242 F2 243 F3 244 F4 245 F5 246 F6 247 F7 248 F8 249 F9 250 FA 251 252 253 254 FE 255 FF

q

r s

x

y

z

}

~

254

International characters summary

ASCII locations 0 to 31 and 128 to 159 store the international characters that are needed for sets other than the one for the USA. These characters are printable only with the CHR$(27) “6”, CHR$(27) “I”, or CHR$(27) “R” sequences.

Dec

0

1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

11

19 13 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Hex CHR

00

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09

10

0A

0B

12 13 14 15 16 10 17 18

0C

OD

0E 0F

11 12

14 15

16

17 18 19

1A

1B 1C

1D

1E 1F

Dec Hex CHR

128 129 130 131 132 84 133 134 135 136 137 138 139

140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 94 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159

80 81 82 83

85 86 87 88 89 8A 8B 8C 8D 8E 8F 90 91 92

93

95 96 97 98 99 9A 9B 9C 9D 9E 9F

255

ASCII Character Matrixes

As in the summaries above, this section follows the ASCII code arrangement, but this time we show the codes only as they are associated with characters—0 through 255. The characters for the Roman and Italic USA fonts, which together make up the USA character set,

occupy ASCII positions 32 through 126 and 160 through 254, respectively. The international characters use ASCII positions 0 through 31 and 128 through 159. We show enlarged dot matrixes for both pairs of

fonts.

The width column shows the number of units used to print each character in Proportional Mode. A unit is the width of one of the 12

columns in a character matrix (about half a dot).

Dec Hex

Character

Width

Dec

Character Width

Hex

256

Dec

12

Hex

OC

Character

Width

12

Dec

21

Hex

15

Character

Width

13

14

15

16

17

OD

OE

OF

10

11

12

11

10

11

22

23

24

25

26

16

17

18

19

1A

8

12

18

19

20

12

13

14

12

27

28

29

1B

1C

1D

10

11

12

257

Dec Hex Character Width Dec Hex Character Width

30

31

32

33

34

1E

1F

20

21

22

12

5

8

39 27

40 28

41

29

42

2A

43

2B

5

6

12

35

36

37

38

258

23

24

25

26

12

44

2C

45

2D

46 2E

47

2F

7

12

6

10

Dec

Hex

Character

Width Dec Hex

Character

Width

48

49

50

51

52

30

31

32

33

34

57

58

59

60

61

39

3A

3B

3C

3D

12

8

2

3

4

12

6

10

12

53

54

55

56

35

36

37

38

5

6

7

8

12

3E

62

63

3F

646540

41

10

12

259

Dec

Hex

Character

Width

Dec

Hex

Character

Width

54

84

55

85

86 56

57

87

88 58

12

10

93

94

95

96

97

5D

5E

5F

60

61

a

12

5

12

89

90

91

92

59

5A

5B

5C

12

10

a

10

98

99

100

101

62

63

64

65

11

12

261

Dec Hex Character

Width

Dec

Hex

Character

Width

102 66

103 67

104 68

105 69

106 6A

f

g

h

i

j

10

11

a

9

111

6F

112

70

71

113

114 72

115 73

o

p

q

r

s

12

11

12

107 6B

108 6C

109 6D

110 6E

262

k

l

m

n

10

a

12

11

116

117

118 76

119 77

74

75

t

u

v

w

11

12

Dec Hex

Character

Width

Dec

Hex

Character

Width

120 78

121 79

122 7A

123 7B

124 7C

10

12

10

9

5

129

130

131

132

133

81

82

83

84

85

11

8

125 7D

126 7E

127 7F

128 80

9

12

11

134

135

136

137

86

87

88

89

12

10

11

12

263

Dec Hex Character Width

138

8A

139

8B

140

8C

141

8D

142 8E

12

11

147

148

149

150

151

93

94

95

96

97

12

11

9

12

143

144

145

146

264

8F

90

91

92

11

12

11

12

152

153

154

155

98

99

9A

9B

12

11

Dec Hex

Character

Width

Dec

Hex

Character

Width

156

157

158

159

160

9C

9D

9E

9F

A0

12

11

12

165

166

167

168

169

A5

A6

A7

A8

A9

12

5

a

161

162

163

164

Al

A2

A3

A4

10

12

11

170

171

172

173

AA

AB

AC

AD

12

a

12

265

Dec

Hex Character

174

AE

175

AF

176

B0

177

Bl

178

B2

Width

7

10

12

9

12

Dec

183

184

185

186

187

Hex

B7

B8

B9

BA

BB

Character

Width

12

11

8

9

179

180

181

182

266

B3

B4

B5

B6

12

11

188

BC

BD

189

190

191BEBF

10

11

9

11

Dec Hex Character Width

Dec

Hex

Character

Width

210

211

212

213

214

D2

D3

D4

D5

D6 V

DB

R

S

T

U

12

11

219

220

221

222

223

DC

DD

DE

DF

11

7

11

10

12

215

216

217

218

268

D7

D8

D9

DA Z

E0

W

X

Y

12

224

225

226

227

E1

E2

E3

5

11

Dec Hex

Character

Width

Dec

Hex

Character

Width

228 E4

229 E5

230 E6

231 E7

232 E8

12

11

12

11

237

238

239

240

241

ED

EE

EF

FO

F1

11

10

11

233 E9

234 EA

235 EB

236 EC

9

10

11

9

242 F2

243 F3

244 F4

245 F5

10

11

10

11

269

Dec Hex Character Width

246 F6

247 F7

248

F8

249

F9

250

FA

10

12

11

12

255 FF

12

251

FB

252

FC

253

FD

254 FE

270

10

9

10

12

Appendix B

Control Codes in Numeric Order

You activate an FX control code by using LPRINT CHR$(n), where n is the number in the decimal column below. When the ESC column contains a dash, you use only CHR$(n) but when ESC is written in this ESC column, you must precede the CHR$(n) with CHR$(27). With this ESCape sequence you may use a shortened form, the ESCape code followed by the character in the symbol column in quotation marks, as shown in the example below, the command that turns Emphasized ON:

LPRINT CHR$(27) “E” . Abbreviations: cpi = characters per inch

cps = characters per second

ESC Dec Hex Symbol Function

0 00 NUL

7 07 BEL

a 08 BS

9 09 HT

10 0A LF

Terminates horizontal and vertical tab setting.

Sounds beeper. Backspace. Empties the printer buffer, then

moves the print head left 1 space in the current pitch.

Horizontal tab. Empties the printer buffer,

then moves the print head to the next tab

stop. Line feed. Empties the printer buffer, performs

a line feed at the current line spacing, and resets the buffer character count to 0.

271

ESC Dec Hex Symbol Function

- 11 0B VT

-

12 0C FF

-

13 0D CR

-

14 0E SO

- 15 0F SI

Vertical tab. Empties the printer buffer, then advances the paper to the next vertical tab stop.

Form feed. Empties the printer buffer, then advances the paper to the next logical top of form.

Carriage return. Prints the contents of the buffer and resets the buffer character count to 0. Restores the print head to the left margin. You turn the automatic line feed on or off with DIP switch 2-4.

Shift out. Turns Expanded Mode ON for the length of the line unless cancelled by CHR$(20) or CHR$(27)“WO”. Works with

Pica, Elite, or Compressed Mode. Shift in. Empties the buffer and turns

Compressed Mode (17.16 cpi) ON. Cannot work with Emphasized, Elite, Pica, or Proportional Mode. Stays on until cancelled by CHR$(18).

-

272

17

11

18

12

19 13

20

14

24

18

27

1B ESC

DC1

DC2

DC3

DC4

C AN

Device control 1. When 2-1 is OFF places the printer in the active state: printer receives all data sent to it.

Device control 2. Turns Compressed Mode OFF

Device control 3. When DIP switch 2-1 is OFF places the printer in the inactive state until a DC1 code is received.

Device control 4. Turns the Expanded Mode set by CHR$(14) OFF

Cancels all text in the print buffer. Escape. Prepares the printer to receive

control codes.

ESC Dec Hex Symbol Function

ESC 33 21 !

ESC 35 23 #

ESC 37 25

ESC 38 26 &

Master Print Mode Select (Master Select). Selects 16 unique print mode combinations. Format:

CHR$(27)” ! “CHR$(n) where n = 0 - 255. See Appendix D.

Accepts the eighth bit “as is” from the computer.

%

Activates a character set. DIP switch 1-4 must be off. Format:

CHR$(27)” % “CHR$(0)CHR$(0) selects the ROM set; and

CHR$(27)” % “CHR$(1)CHR$(0) selects the RAM set.

Defines characters in user RAM. Format:

CHR$(27)“&“CHR$(0)CHR$(c1)CHR$(c2);

CHR$(a)CHR$(d1) . . . CHR$(d11); where CHR$(0) is for future use, c1 is the starting character, and c2 is the ending character. Each character in the range c1 - c

2

requires an attribute byte (a) and 11 data bytes (d1 - d11).

ESC 42 2A *

ESC 45 2D -

Turns Graphics Mode ON. Format:

CHR$(27)"

* “CHR$(m)CHR$(n1)CHR$(n2); followed by n data numbers, where n = n1 + 256*n2,

n, = 0 - 255, n2 = 0 - 255,

m selects mode 0 - 6.

See Table 1 1-1 for modes. Turns Underline Mode ON. Format:

CHR$(27)” - “CHR$(n) where n toggles Underline on and off: 0 turns it OFF 1 turns it ON.

273

ESC Dec Hex Symbol Function

ESC 47 2F /

ESC

48

30 0

ESC

49

31

ESC 50 32 2

ESC

51

33

ESC

52

34

ESC

53

35

ESC

54

36 6

ESC 55 37 7

Selects a vertical tab channel. Format:

CHR$(27)“/“CHR$(n)

where n Sets line

1

3

4 5

Sets line

Returns line spacing to the default of 1/6 inch

(12-dot). Sets line

1/3 dot). Stays on until changed. Format:

where n Turns Italic Mode ON. Turns Italic Mode OFF

Enables the printing of the Italic international

characters, which are stored in locations

128 - 159 and 255.

Turns off CHR$(27)“6”. Restores 126 - 159 and 255 to function as control codes.

= 0 - 7. spacing to spacing to

spacing to n/216-inch (1/216-inch

CHR$(27)“3”CHR$(n)

= 0 - 255.

1/8-inch (g-dot). 7/72-inch (7-dot).

is

ESC

56

38

ESC

57

39

ESC

58

3A

ESC 60 3C <

274

8 9

:

Disables the paper-out sensor. Enables the paper-out sensor

Copies the ROM user-defined character set to

RAM. Format:

CHR$(27)“:“CHR$(n1)CHR$(n2)CHR$(n3);

where n1, n2, and n3 are all 0. (They are

included for future expansion.) The RAM character set must be activated with

CHR$(27) " % “, and DIP switch 1-4 must be

off.

Turns 1-line Unidirectional Mode ON. Prints each line from left to right.

ESC Dec Hex Symbol Function ESC 61 3D =

ESC 62 3E >

ESC 63 3F ?

ESC

64 40

ESC

65

41

ESC

66

42

A

@

B

Sets the eighth bit to 0 (limits the range to 0 - 127).

Sets the eighth bit to 1 (limits the range to

128 - 255).

Redefines one of the 4 alternate graphics codes -- “K”,“L",“Y”, or “Z” - as one of the seven graphics density numbers used with

the ESCape

“ * ” command. Format:

CHR$(27)“?s”;CHR$(n);

where s is K,L,Y, or Z and n is 0 - 6.

Reset Code, which resets the printer to its power-up state, including resetting top of

form. Clears all text and control codes from the print buffer.

Sets line spacing to n/72 inch (n-dot). Format:

CHR$(27)“A”CHR$(n)

where n = 0 - 85.

Sets up to 16 vertical tabs in the current line spacing. Tab settings are not affected by subsequent changes in line spacing. Format:

CHR$(27)“B”CHR$(n1)CHR$(n2). . .

CHR$(nK)CHR$(O)

where nk = 1 - 255. Terminate this tab sequence with CHR$(0) or a number less than that of the last tab (nk).

ESC 67 43 C

Sets the form length to n

lines

in the current line spacing. The default is 66 lines. Also resets top of form. Format:

CHR$(27)“C”CHR$(n)

where n = 1 - 127.

Sets the form length to n

inches,

regardless of the current line spacing. The default is 11 inches. Also resets top of form. Format:

CHR$(27)“C”CHR$(0)CHR$(n)

where n = 1 - 22.

275

Epson FX-80 Reference Guide

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Preface

ASCII Codes and International Characters

ASCII Code summary

International characters summary

ASCII Character Matrixes