Epson Equity 4 User Manual

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EPSON

User’s

This manual is printed on recycled paper and is 100% recyclable.

Guide

Page 2

lMPORTANT NOTICE

DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY

Epson America makes no representations or warranties, either express or implied, by or with respect to anything in this manual, and shall not be liable for any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose or any indirect, special or consequential damages. Some states do not allow the exclusion of incidental or consequential damages, so this exclusion may not apply to you

COPYRlGHT NOTICE

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, photocopying, recording, or otherwise America, Inc. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of information contained information contained herein Further, this publication and features described herein are subject to change without notice.

Epson

General notice: Other product names used herein are for identification purposes only and

may

herein.

Nor is any liability

is a registered trademark of Seiko Epson Corporation.

be trademarks of their respective companies.

without the prior written permission of Epson

assumed for damages resulting from the use of the

TRADEMARKS

electronic, mechanical,

Page 3

FCC COMPLIANCE STATEMENT

FOR AMERICAN USERS

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and an radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio and television reception. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause interference to radio and television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna

Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver

Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the

receiver

Consult and experienced radio/TV technician for help.

is connected

WARNING

The connection of a non-shielded equipment interface cable to this equipment will invalidate the FCC Certification of this device and may cause interference levels that

exceed the limits established by the FCC for this equipment. It is the responsibility of the user to obtain and use a shielded equipment interface cable with this device. If this equipment has more than one interface connector, do not leave cables connected to unused interfaces.

Changes or modifications not expressly approvedby the manufacturer could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

FOR CANADIAN USERS

This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from

digital apparatus as set out in the radio interference regulations of the Canadian

Department of communications.

Le~tappareilnumQiquen’emetpasdebruilsr~~~triquesd~leslimi~

applicables

brouillage radio6lectrique kdictk

aux

appareils numhiques

par le

Classe Bprescrites dans

h4inisthredes

Communications du Canada

r&glement

sur le

Page 4

Important Safety Instructions

Read all of these instructions and save them for later reference.

Follow all warnings and instructions marked

Unplug the computer from the wall outlet before cleaning. Use a damp cloth for cleaning; do not use liquid or aerosol cleaners.

the computer.

4. Do

5. Do not place the computer on an unstable cart, stand, or table.

6. Slots and openings in the cabinet and the back or bottom are

9. Connect all equipment to properly grounded (earthed) power

not

spill liquid of any kind on the computer.

provided for ventilation; do not block or cover these openings.

Do not place the computer near or over a radiator or heat

Operate the computer using the type of power source indicated

on its label.

If you plan to operate the computer in G

following safety precaution:

To provide adequate short-circuit protection and over-current protection for this computer, the building protected by a 16 Amp circuit breaker.

Reim AnschluB sichergestellt

16 A

ijberstromschutzschalter

outlets. If you are unable to insert the plug into an outlet,

contact

outlets on the same circuit as photocopiers or air control

systems that regularly switch on and off.

your electrician to replace your outlet. Avoid using

des Computers an die

werden,

dat3

die

Gebaudeinstallation

abgesichert ist.

ermany, observe the

installation

Netzversorgung muf3

must be

mit einem

iii

Page 5

10.

Do not allow the computer’s power cord to become damaged or frayed.

11.

If you use an extension cord with the computer, make sure the total of the ampere ratings of the devices plugged into the extension cord does not exceed the ampere rating for the extension cord. Also, make sure the total of all products plugged into the wall outlet does not exceed 15 amperes.

12.

Do not insert objects of any kind into this product through the cabinet slots.

13. Except as specifically explained in this User’s Guide, do not attempt to service the computer yourself. Refer all servicing to qualified service personnel.

14.

Unplug the computer from the wall outlet and refer servicing to

qualified service personnel under the following conditions:

When the power cord or plug is damaged.

If liquid has entered the computer.

C. If the computer does not operate normally when the

operating instructions are followed. Adjust only those controls that are covered by the operating instructions.

Improper adjustment of other controls may result in damage and often requires extensive work by a qualified technician to restore the computer to normal operation.

If the computer has been dropped or the cabinet has been

damaged.

If the computer exhibits a distinct change in performance.

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Instructions Importantes de

Lire compl&ement les instructions qui suivant et les conserver pour references futures.

Bien suivre tous les avertissements et les instructions incliques sur

l’ordinateur.

Debrancher l’ordinateur de toute sortie murale avant le nettoyage. Utiliser un chiffon humide; ne jamais utiliser un nettoyeur liquide ou une bonbonne aerosol.

4. Ne jamais renverser un hquide d’aucune sorte sur l’ordinateur.

5. Ne pas placer l’ordinateur sur un chariot, un support, ou une table

instable.

Les events dans le meubles, a l’arriere et en dessous sont concus pour l’aeration; on ne doit jamais les bloquer. Ne pas placer l’ordinateur p&s

Le fonctionnement de l’ordinateur doit s’effectuer conformement au type de source d’alimentation indiquee sur l’etiquette.

Lorsqu’on desire utiliser l’ordinateur en Allemagne, on doit observer les normes s&uritaires qui suivent:

dune

source de chaleur directe.

Skurit6

Afin d’assurer une protection adequate a l’ordinateur co&e les court-circuits et le survoltage, l’installation de l’kdifice doit comprendre un disjoncteur de 16 amp.

On doit brancher tout l’&quipement darts une sortie relirk a la masse. Lorsqu’il est impossible d’inserer la fiche clans la prise, on doit retenir les services d’un

jamais utilkr une prise sur le m&e circuit qu’un appareil a

photocopie ou un syst&me de contn%e da&ration avec commutation marche-arret.

&ctricien ou

remplacer la prise. Ne

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10. S’assurer

effrs.

que le

cordon d’alimentation de l’ordinateur n’est pas

11. Dans le cas

06 on

utilise un cordon de rallonge avec l’ordinateur, on doit s’assurer que la valeur totale d’ampikes branches dans le cordon

n’exdde

en aucun temps les amperes du cordon de rallonge. La quantite totale des appareils branches darts la prise murale ne doit jamais exckkr

12.

jar&s ins&w un objet de quelque sort-e que ce soit darts les

cavit&s

13. Sauf tel que

ten&r

de cet appareil.

spkifie darts

d’effectuer une reparation de l’ordinateur. On doit

le service de cet appareil a un technicien

14.

Debrancher

personnel de service

l’ordinateur de la prise murale et confier le service au

qualit%

amperes.

la notice d’utilisation, on

doit jamais

qua&B

selon les conditions qui suivent:

A. Lorsque le cordon d’abmentation ou la prise sont

endommages.

Lorsqu’un liquide s’est

inUt&

dans l’ordinateur.

C. Lorsque l’ordinateur refuse de fonctionner normalement

meme en suivant les instructions. N’ajuster que les commandes qui sont

&unGr&s darts

les instructions de fonctionnement. Tout ajustement mad&Brat de tout autre contr6le peut provoquer un dommage et souvent nkzssiter des reparations &labor&s par un technicien qualifie afin de remettre I’appareil

en service.

r&rer

Lorsqu’on a Mtappe l’ordinateur ou que l’on a endommage le boxer.

Lorsque l’ordinateur d&nor&e un changement note au niveau

de sa performance.

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Introduction

VGA Utilities Optional Equipment

Memory

Drives

OverDrive Processor

Math Coprocessor Alternate VGA Interface

How to Use This ManuaI

Chapter 1

Turning On the Computer Turning Off the Computer Using Disks and Disk Drives

How Disks Store Data Types of Diskette Drives Caring for Diskettes and Diskette Drives Write-protecting Diskettes Inserting and Removing Diskettes

Using a Single Diskette Drive System Formatting Diskettes Making Backup Copies

Using a Hard Disk Drive Special Keys on the Keyboard Stopping a Command or Program Resetting the Computer Using a Password

Changing or Deleting a Password

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Using Your computer

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2 2 2 3 3 3 3

1-2 1-5 1-5

1-6 1-7 1-10 1-12

1-14

1-16

1-17

1-18

1-20

1-21

1-22

1-23

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Changing the

Processor Speed Preparing the Hard Disk for Moving Using AUTOEXEC.BAT and Other Batch Files

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.........

1-24 1-26 1-27

Chapter 2

How to Use This Chapter

Locating the Removing the Cover Changing the Jumper Settings

Setting the Jumpers Memory Modules (SIMMs)

Inserting SIMMs

Removing SIMMS Installing an Option Card Removing an Option Card Removing the Option Card Connector Board Replacing the Option Card Connector Board Installing a New Processor Chip

Increasing the Video Memory

Installing the Memory Chips Using the Alternate VGA Interface Using a Display Adapter Card Replacing the Cover Post-instaIIation Procedures

Chapter 3

Installing and Removing Options

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Internal

Components

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lnstalling and Removing Drives

2-2 2-3 2-4 2-6 2-9 2-11 2-13 2-15 2-16 2-20

2-21 2-22 2-23 2-24 2-24 2-26 2-28 2-29 2-30

How to Use This Chapter Setting the Hard Disk Drive Jumpers

Where to Go Next

InstaIIing a Hard Disk in the VerticaI Bay

Removing the Mounting Frames Installing the Hard Disk Connecting the Cables

Removing a Hard Disk From the Vertical Bay

viii

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3-3 3-4 3-4 3-5 3-6

3-8 3-12 3-15

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InstaIIing a Drive in a HorizontaI Bay

Attaching Mounting Frames to a Hard Disk Installing the Drive. Connecting the Cables

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Removing a Drive From a Horizontal Ray

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Connecting the Hard Disk Drive Ribbon Cable to the

System Board

Post-installation Procedures

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3-17 3-19 3-20 3-24 3-29

3-33 3-36

Chapter 4

Starting the Program

Deleting Tests

Adding Tests

Running Tests

Resuming From an Error System Diagnostic Tests Error Messages

Chapter 5

Starting the Program

Formatting a New Disk

Reformatting a Used Disk

Selecting an Option

selecting a Drive Option 1, Format

Modifying the Defective Track Table Formatting the Disk

Option 2, Destructive Surface Analysis

Option 3,

Nondestructive Surface Analysis

Exiting the Program

Running System Diagnostics

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Formatting a Hard Disk

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4-2 4-3 4-4 4-5 4-6 4-7 4-8

5-2 5-3

5-3 5-3 5-4

5-4 5-6 5-8

5-9 5-10 5-11

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Chapter 6

Troubleshooting

Identifying Your System Error Messages

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The Computer Won’t Start The Computer Does Not Respond

Restoring the Power Supply

Password Problems

Accessing Your System

Keyboard Problems

Monitor Problems Diskette Problems

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Diskette Drive Problems Hard Disk Problems

Installing the Drive Preparing the Drive

Accessing Data on the Drive Software Problems Printer Problems Option Card Problems Mouse Problems

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Memory Module Problems

Appendix A Specifications

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6-1 6-2 6-6 6-7 6-9 6-10 6-11 6-12 6-13 6-15 6-17

6-18 6-18 6-19 6-20 6-21 6-22 6-23

6-24 6-25

CPU and Memory Controllers Interfaces

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Mass Storage Keyboard

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Physical Characteristics

Power Supply Environmental Requirements Power Source Requirements System Memory Map

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Glossary

lndex

A-1 A-2 A-3 A-4 A-4

A-5 A-5 A-6 A-7 A-8

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Introduction

Your new Epson® computer is a fast, high-performance system offering flexibility and expandability in a compact design. It provides the following features:

486SX/25,486DX/33, or 486DX2/50 microprocessor 4MB of internal memory, expandable to 32MB System and video BIOS shadow RAM

8KB of internal processor cache 512KB or 1MB of on-board video memory (512KB systems

are expandable to 1MB) Math coprocessor built into the 486DX/33 and 486DX2/50

microprocessor chips Built-in VGA port Two built-in serial ports and one built-in parallel port Built-in IBM® PS/2™ compatible keyboard and mouse ports Four 16-bit (or 8-bit) ISA option slots Support for up to three internal mass storage devices

Password security.

The shadow RAM feature allows your system to speed up processing by moving the system and video BIOS into the RAM area of memory.

Introduction 1

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Using the built-in interfaces, you can connect most of your peripheral devices directly to the computer so you don’t have to install option cards. You can use the option slots to enhance your system with extra functions such as a modem card or additional interface ports.

The VGA controller supports standard resolutions up to 640 x 480 in 16 colors and extended resolutions up to 1024 x 768 in 16 colors (interlaced and non-interlaced), and lower resolutions in up to 256 colors. With 1MB of video memory installed, the VGA controller supports resolutions up to 1024 x 768 in 256 colors and 640 x 480 in 16.8 million colors

(for some applications).

VGA Utilities

Your computer comes with special MS-DOS® VGA drivers and utilities for use with the integrated VGA interface. With these utilities, you can take advantage of extended VGA features such as high resolutions and 132-column text mode when you run popular application programs. See the for installation instructions.

VGA Utilities Guide

Optional Equipment

You can easily upgrade your computer by installing additional memory and a wide variety of options, as described below. (Installation instructions are provided in Chapters 2 and 3 of this manual.)

Memory

By adding 1MB, 4MB, or 16MB SIMMs (single inline memory modules) to the main system board, you can expand the computer’s memory up to 32MB.

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Drives

Your system can support up to three internal mass storage devices, including hard disk drives, diskette drives, a tape drive, or a CD-ROM drive. As your storage needs expand, you can install additional drives.

OverDrive Processor

Depending on which system you have, you may be able to enhance your system by installing an Intel® OverDrive™ processor. This processor doubles the internal clock speed so your system runs much faster.

Math Coprocessor

If you have the 486SX/25, you may want to install an 80487SX, 25 MHz coprocessor. This optional microprocessor includes a

built-in math coprocessor so your computer can perform

mathematical functions faster.

Alternate VGA Interface

If you want to install a high-resolution graphics adapter card for additional graphics capabilities (such as 1280 x 1024 resolutions), you can connect it to the computer’s alternate VGA interface. This allows you to use the special graphics features on the adapter card while accessing the standard VGA signals provided by your main system board.

Introduction 3

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How to Use This Manual

This

manual contains the information you need to get the best results from your computer. You don’t have to read everything in this book; check the following summary.

Chapter 1 covers general operating procedures, such as turning the computer on and off, using disks and disk drives, entering a password, and changing the processor speed.

Chapter 2 describes how to remove and replace the computer’s cover, change jumper settings, and install optional equipment such as option cards and memory modules.

Chapter 3 explains how to install and remove disk drives. Chapter 4 provides instructions for running system diagnostics. Chapter 5 gives the procedure for formatting a hard disk. Chapter 6 contains troubleshooting tips. Appendix A lists the specifications of your computer.

At the end of this manual, you’ll find a Glossary and an Index.

Note

Please see the Setup

Guide

for instructions on setting up your

system and running the SETUP program.

4 Introduction

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Chapter 1

Using Your Computer

This chapter briefly describes the following operations:

Turning the computer on and off

Using disks and disk drives

Using special keys on the keyboard

Stopping a co

Resetting the computer

Using a password

Changing the processor speed

Preparing a hard disk for moving

Using AUTOEXEC.BAT and other batch files.

mmand or program

Using Your Computer

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If you want basic information on turning the computer on and off, using your disk drives and keyboard, stopping commands, or resetting the computer, read the first five sections in this chapter.

If you are familiar with these asp&s of operating a computer,

you can skip to page 1-23 to learn about system operations

specific to your computer, such as using a password and

changing the processor speed.

Turning On the Computer

Before turning on your computer, check the following safety rules to avoid accidentally damaging your computer or injuring yourself:

Do not connect or disconnect any peripheral device cables

(including the mouse or keyboard) or power cables when

the computer’s power is on.

Never turn on the computer with a protective card in a

5.25-inch diskette drive. Never turn off or reset your computer while a disk drive

light is on. This can destroy data stored on the disk. Always wait at least 20 seconds after you turn off the

power before you turn it on again. This prevents possible damage to the computer’s electrical circuitry.

Do not leave a beverage near your system. Spilled liquid can damage the circuitry of your equipment.

Follow these steps to turn on your system:

Turn on the monitor, printer, and any other peripheral

devices connected to the computer.

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Using Your Computer

Page 18

If you do not have a hard disk, insert your main operating system diskette in drive A.

Note

If you do not have a hard disk, you need to insert the

operating system diskette each time you turn on your

system so the computer can copy the operating system to its memory. See your operating system manual for more information.

3. To turn on the computer, press the power button located on the right side of the front panel, as shown below.

power (SPEED) indicator

power button

The power indicator lights up. After a few seconds, the computer displays a count of its system memory, and then performs its power-on diagnostics. This is a series of checks the computer runs each time you turn it on to make sure

everything is working correctly. (If necessary, use the controls on your monitor to adjust the screen display.)

Using Your Computer

1-3

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Note

If you have made a major change to your system, such as adding a disk drive, the computer may take a few minutes to complete power-on diagnostics the first time you turn it on.

When the system has successfully completed its diagnostics, you see the following prompt:

Press Del to start SETUP

Note

If your computer’s configuration does not match the information stored in the computer’s CMOS RAM (defined through the SETUP program), you see an error message. Press

to run the SETUP program to correct the information. (See Chapter 2 of the Setup Guide for instructions.)

If you do not want to run SETUP, do nothing. After about five seconds your computer either loads the operating system from

the

hard disk or the diskette in drive A or, if you’ve set a System Access password, it prompts you for your password. When you enter the correct password, your computer loads the

operating system. What happens

depends on how your computer is set up. If your system is configured to automatically load a program (such as Microsoft® Windows® or a word processing program), you see the first menu or screen display of that program. If not, you may see the operating system prompt, such as c : \> or A>. See your application program manuals for further instructions.

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Using Your Computer

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Turning Off the Computer

Whenever you turn off your system, follow these steps:

Save your data and exit any application program you are

using.

Check the hard disk drive light and the diskette drive light(s) to make sure they are not on. Do not turn off the computer

if a drive light is on, because you can damage the drive or

lose data.

Remove any diskette(s) from the diskette drive(s).

Press the power button to turn off the computer and then turn off any peripheral devices (monitor, printer, etc.).

Using Disks and Disk Drives

The disk drives in your computer allow you to store data on disk, and then retrieve and use your stored data. This section explains how disks work and tells you how to:

Use different types of diskettes and diskette drives Care for your diskettes and diskette drives

Write-protect diskettes Insert and remove diskettes Use a single diskette drive system Format diskettes Make backup copies Use a hard disk drive.

Using Your Computer

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How Disks Store Data

Diskettes are made of flexible plastic coated with magnetic material. This plastic is enclosed in a square jacket that is either hard (3.5-inch diskette) or slightly flexible (5.25-inch diskette).

Unlike a diskette, a hard disk is rigid and fixed in place. It is sealed in a protective case to keep it free of dust and dirt. A

hard disk stores data the same way that a diskette does, but it

works much faster and has a much larger storage capacity.

All disks are divided into data storage compartments by sides, tracks, and sectors. Double-sided diskettes store data on both sides. On each side are concentric rings, called tracks, on which a disk can store data.

A disk is further divided by sectors, which can be visualized as pie slices. The illustration below provides a simple representation of tracks and sectors.

1-6

Using Your Computer

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Double-sided and high-density diskettes have 80 tracks on each side and double-sided, double-density diskettes have either 40 or 80 tracks on each side. Diskettes can have 8,9,15, or 18 sectors per track.

A hard disk consists of two or more platters stacked on top of one another and thus has four or more sides. In addition, a hard disk has many more tracks per side than a diskette, but the number of tracks depends on the capacity of the hard disk. The number of sectors depends on the type of hard disk.

Your computer uses the read/write heads in a disk drive to store and retrieve data on a disk. To write to a disk, the computer spins it to the position under the read/write head where the data is to be written. A diskette has an exposed area where the read/write head can access it.

Because data is stored magnetically, you can retrieve it, record over it, and erase it just as you play, record, and erase music on a cassette tape.

Types of Diskette Drives

The following list describes the types of diskette drives you can use in your computer and which diskettes to use with them:

1.44MB drive-Use 3.5-inch, double-sided, high-density,

135 TPI, 1.44MB diskettes. These diskettes contain 80 tracks per side, 18 sectors per track, and hold up to 1.44MB of information (approximately 600 pages of text).

Note

MB stands for megabyte, which equals 1024KB (or

1,048,576 bytes). KB stands for kilobyte, which equals 1024 bytes. Each byte represents a single character, such

as A, $, or 3.

Using Your Computer

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1.2MB drive-Use 5.25-inch, double-sided, high-density, 96 TPI, 1.2MB diskettes. These diskettes contain 80 tracks per side, 15 sectors per track, and hold up to 1.2MB of

information (approximately 500 pages of text).

720KB drive-Use 3.5-inch, double-sided, doubledensity, 135 TPI, 720KB diskettes. These diskettes contain 80 tracks per side, 9 sectors per track, and hold up to 720KB of information (approximately 300 pages of text).

360KB drive-Use 5.25-inch, double-sided, double-density, 48 TPI, 360KB diskettes. (You can also use single-sided, 160KB or 180KB diskettes.) These diskettes contain 40 tracks per side and 8 or 9 sectors per track. With 8 sectors per track, a diskette holds up to 320KB. With 9 sectors per track, a diskette holds up to 360KB of information

(approximately 150 pages of text).

Note

You must format a new diskette before you can store data on

it. See “Formatting Diskettes,” later in this section.

Drive and diskette incompatibilities

If your computer has more than one type of diskette drive, or if you use different types of diskettes, you need to be aware of certain incompatibilities between the drives and diskettes. See the following tables.

3.5-inch drive/diskette compatibility

Drive type

720KB

1-8

1.44MB

Using Your Computer

Diskette types it can read from and write to

720KB

1.44MB, 720KB

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5.25-inch drive/diskette compatibility

Drive type 360KB

1.2MB

If you write to this diskette in a 1.2MB drive, you may not be able to read it or write to it In a 360KB drive later.

Diskette types it can read from and write to

360KB, 320KB, 160KB, 160KB

1.2MB, 360KB,* 320KB,* 180KB,* 140KB*

Because of possible incompatibilities, always indicate the

diskette type and density when you labeI your diskettes.

(Usually this information appears on the manufacturer’s label.)

Note

If you want to format a 720KB diskette in a 1.4.4MB drive or a 360KB diskette in a 1.2MB drive, make sure you include the correct parameter in your format command. See your operating system manual for instructions.

If you have any combination of the above drives (1.44MB,

1.2MB, 720KB, or 360KB) and you are using MS-DOS, you can copy files from one drive to another-using COPY or XCOPY-as long as the correct diskette type is in each drive.

You can also use these commands to copy files between a hard disk and any type of diskette. However, you cannot use the

MS-DOS DISKCOPY command to copy from one diskette drive to another if the two drives are not the same type. For more information, see your operating system manuals.

Using Your Computer

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Caring for Diskettes and Diskette Drives

Follow these basic precautions to protect your diskettes and avoid losing data:

Remove all diskettes before you turn off the computer.

If you have a diskette that contains data you don’t want to accidentally write over or erase, be sure you write-protect it. This is especially important for your operating system and application program diskettes. See "Writeprotecting Diskettes,” below, for more details.

Do not remove a diskette from the diskette drive or reset or turn off the computer while the drive light is on. This light indicates that the computer is copying data to or from a diskette. If you interrupt this process, you can destroy data.

Keep diskettes in a moderate environment. Don’t leave them sitting in the sun or in

extreme cold or heat because this can destroy

the data.

1-10

Keep diskettes away from dust and dirt. Small particles of dust or dirt can scratch the magnetic surface, destroy data, and ruin the read/write heads in a diskette drive.

Keep diskettes away from magnetic fields, such as those generated by electrical appliances, telephones, and loudspeakers. (Diskettes store information magnetically.)

Using Your Computer

Page 26

Do not place diskettes on top of your monitor or near an external hard disk drive.

Always hold a 5.25-inch diskette by its protective jacket and never touch the magnetic surface (exposed by the read/write slot). The oils on your fingertips can damage it.

Never wipe, brush, or try to clean diskettes in any way.

Write on a diskette label before you attach it to

the diskette. If you need to write on a label that is already on the diskette, use only a soft-tip pen-not a ballpoint pen or a pencil.

Carefully label your diskettes and indicate the type and density. Do not stick several labels on top of one another;

this can make it difficult to insert and remove the diskette

in the drive.

Store diskettes in their protective envelopes and in a proper location, such as a diskette container.

Do not store diskettes flat or stack them on top of

each other.

Do not place anything on top of your diskettes, and be sure they do not get bent.

Using Your Computer

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Write-protecting Diskettes

You can write-protect a diskette to prevent its data from being altered. When a diskette is write-protected, you can read it and

copy data from it, but you cannot store new data on it or delete any files it contains.

On a 3.5-inch diskette, the write-protect device is a small switch on the back of the diskette in the lower right comer, shown below. To write-protect a 3.5-inch diskette, slide the switch toward the edge of the diskette until it clicks into position, exposing a hole in the comer.

switch

To remove the write protection, slide the switch toward the center of the diskette until it clicks into position and the hole is

covered.

Note

A high-density 3.5-inch diskette has an additional hole on the opposite side. This hole does not affect the writeprotection.

1-12

Using Your Computer

Page 28

To write-protect a 5.25-inch diskette, cover the small, rectangular notch (shown below) with an adhesive write-protect tab. Write-protect tabs usually are included in a new package of blank 5.25-inch diskettes.

notch

To remove the write protection, peel off the write-protect tab.

Some program diskettes have no switch or notch so they are

Using Your Computer

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Page 29

Inserting and Removing Diskettes

To insert a diskette into a 3.5-inch drive, hold the diskette with

the label facing up and the metal shutter leading into the drive, as shown in the following illustration. Slide the diskette into the drive until it clicks into place.

release button

metal shutter

When you want to remove the diskette, make sure the drive light is off; then press the release button. When the diskette pops out, remove it and store it properly.

1-14

Using Your Computer

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To insert a diskette into a 5.25-inch drive, hold the diskette with the label facing up and the read/write slot leading into the drive, as shown below.

latch

read/write slot

Slide the diskette all the way into the slot. Then turn the latch down to lock it in a vertical position. This keeps the diskette in place and enables the read/write heads to access the diskette.

Note

Some 5.25-inch drives have a release button rather than a latch.

When you want to remove a diskette, first make sure the disk drive light is off. Then flip up the latch and carefully pull out

the diskette. Place it in its protective envelope and store it in a proper location, such as a diskette container.

Using Your Computer

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Caution

Never remove a diskette or reset or turn off the computer while a diskette drive light is on. You could lose data. Also, remove all diskettes before you turn off the computer.

Using a Single Diskette Drive System

Most operating systems expect the computer to have at least two diskette drives and display prompts and messages accordingly. MS-DOS, for example, recognizes the first diskette drive (the top drive) as drive A and a second diskette drive as drive B. If you have only one diskette drive, MS-DOS can treat it as both A and B when you need to perform operations that

normally

For example, if you enter a command to copy data from A to B, MS-DOS copies the data from the first diskette you place in the drive (which would be drive A) to Then MS-DOS prompts you to insert another diskette (for

drive B) and copies the data from memory to the new diskette.

When copying is complete, you see a prompt to insert the

original diskette (A).

would use two diskette drives.

the

computer’s memory.

Because you may often swap diskettes this way, it is important to remember which diskette is which. It is also a good idea to write-protect your original diskette. (See “Write-protecting Diskettes,” above.)

you have a hard disk and one diskette drive, you can load the

operating system and application programs from the hard disk,

create and store your data there, and use the diskette drive just for copying data to or from diskettes.

1-16

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However, if you have only one diskette drive and no hard disk, you need to use that drive to load the operating system as well as any application program you are using. First, insert the operating system diskette in drive A and load the operating

system; this copies it to the computer’s memory (RAM) so you do not need to leave the system diskette in the drive. Then remove the system diskette and insert your application program diskette to load that data into memory, too. See your application program manual for detailed instructions.

Formatting Diskettes

before you can store data on a new diskette, you must format it.

Formatting prepares the diskette so that the operating system

can write data on it. You need to do this only once, before you

use the diskette for the first time.

You can also reformat previously used diskettes to store new

data. This process erases all the data on the diskette, so be sure

you do not want to save any of the files on a used diskette before you format it. See your operating system manual for instructions on formatting diskettes.

Making Backup Copies

It is important to make copies of all your data and system

diskettes. Make backup (or working) copies of all diskettes that

contain programs, such as your operating system, Reference,

and Utility diskettes; then use only the copies. Store the original

diskettes away from your working diskettes. Also, copy your

data diskettes regularly, whenever you revise them, and store

them away from your originals.

If you have a hard disk, you’ll probably use it to store the

programs and data files you use regularly. Keep backup copies of all your files on diskettes or tapes (if you have a tape backup drive).

Using Your Computer

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Page 33

Using a Hard Disk Drive

Using a hard disk is similar to using a diskette. However, the hard disk provides several advantages:

An 80MB hard disk can store as much data as approximately sixty-six 1.2MB diskettes or fifty-five 1.44MB diskettes, and a 120MB hard disk can store about a third more. A 240MB hard disk can store the equivalent of two

hundred 1.2MB diskettes or one hundred sixty-six 1.44MB diskettes.

Your computer can perform all hard disk operations faster.

You can store frequently used programs and data files on the hard disk, eliminating the inconvenience of swapping diskettes to access different files.

The added storage capacity makes it easy to move back and forth between different programs and data files. However, because it is so easy to add programs and files to your hard disk, you may find yourself trying to organize hundreds of files.

Most operating systems let you keep related files together in directories and subdirectories so they are easy to find and use. See your operating system manual for instructions on managing your files and directories.

Note

A hard disk must be partitioned and formatted before you can use it. Be sure you have performed the procedures described in your operating system manual to prepare your

hard disk for use.

1-18

Using Your Computer

Page 34

Backing up the hard disk

While the hard disk is very reliable, it is essential to back up

your hard disk files to diskettes or tapes in case you lose some

data accidentally. Make copies of all your system and

application program diskettes before copying the programs to

the hard disk. After you create data files on the hard disk, be

sure to copy them whenever you revise them to keep your

backup diskettes or tapes up-to-date.

Caring for your hard disk

Follow these precautions to protect your hard disk drive from

damage and to avoid losing data:

Never turn off or reset the computer when the hard disk access light is on. This light indicates that the computer is copying data to or from the hard disk. If you interrupt this process, you can lose data.

Never attempt to open the hard disk drive. The disk itself is enclosed in a sealed container to protect it from dust.

If you need to move your computer, you may need to run the HDSIT program to prepare the hard disk for moving, as described on page 1-26.

Using Your Computer

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Page 35

Special Keys on the Keyboard

Certain keys on your keyboard serve special functions when your computer is running your operating system or application programs, as described in the table below.

Special key functions

Moves the cursor one tab to the right in normal mode and one tab to the left in shift mode.

Changes the letter keys from lower- to uppercase; changes back to lower case when pressed again. The numeric/symbol keys on the top row of the keyboard and the symbol keys in the main part of the keyboard are not affected.

Produces uppercase characters or the top symbols on the keys when used with the main character keys. Produces lowercase characters when the Caps Lock function is on.

Works with other keys to perform special (control) functions.

Works with other keys to enter alternate character codes or functions.

Moves the cursor back one space, deleting the character to the left of the cursor.

1-20

Ends a line of keyboard input or executes a

command. Turns the Insert function on and off.

Deletes the character marked by the cursor.

Control cursor location.

Cancels the current command line or operation.

Changes the function of the numeric/cursor keys

from entering numbers to posittoning the cursor.

Using Your Computer

Page 36

Special key functions (continued)

Key Purpose

[F1-=

Perform special functions within application

programs.

rziE%l Pm3 &S

fEza

IRrl [Brlrl

The

[mLodr_l, cq,

(Ml

Prints the screen display on a printer.

Generates the System Request function in some

application programs (used with

Controls scrolling in some applications.

Suspends the current operation.

Stops the current operation (used with

and

[ssmlloal

keys work as toggles; press

[u.

=I.

the key once to turn on a function and again to turn it off. When the function is enabled, the corresponding light in the upper right comer of the keyboard is on.

Stopping a Command or Program

You may sometimes need to stop a command or program while

it is running. If you have entered an MS-DOS or application

program command that you want to stop, try one of the

following:

Hold down the m key and press

Hold down the i key and Press

I-

If these methods do not work, you may need to reset the computer as described below. Do not turn off the computer to exit a program or stop a

mmand unless you have to, because

the computer erases any data you did not save.

Using Your Computer

1-21

Page 37

Resetting the Computer

Occasionally, you may want to clear the computers current

settings or its memory without turning it off. You can do this

by resetting the computer.

For example, if an error occurs and the computer does not

respond to your keyboard entries, you can reset it to reload

your operating system and try again. However, resetting erases any data in memory that you have not saved; so reset only if necessary.

Caution

Do not reset the computer to exit a program. Some programs classify and store new data when you exit them in the

normal manner. If you reset the computer without properly exiting a program, you may lose data.

To reset the computer, the operating system must be either on the hard disk or on a diskette in drive A; so if you do not have a hard disk, insert the system diskette in drive A. If MS-DOS, hold down screen goes blank for a moment and then the computer should reload your operating system.

[cblland ~andpress

you are using

DOW .

The

If resetting the computer does not correct the problem, you

probably need to turn it off and reboot it. Remove any

diskette(s) from the diskette drive(s). Turn off the computer and wait 20 seconds. If you do not have a hard disk, insert the system diskette in drive A. Then turn on the computer.

1-22

Using Your Computer

Page 38

Using a Password

If you set a System Access password when you ran the SETUP program, you must enter it every time you turn computer. Follow these steps to use your password:

If you do not have a hard disk, insert your system diskette in drive A.

Turn on or reset the computer. You see the following prompt:

Enter Password:

Type your password. You see you type. Then press

asterisk for each character

or reset the

After you type the password correctly and press computer loads

the

operating system and displays the

[bbr),

the

command prompt.

Note

If you do not know the correct password, see “Password Problems” in Chapter 6.

Changing or Deleting a Password

To change or delete your password, you must run the SETUP program and follow the instructions for entering a password in Chapter 2 of the

If you do not know your password, see “Password Problems” in Chapter 6.

Setup Guide.

Using

Your

Computer

1-23

Page 39

Changing the Processor Speed

Your computer’s processor can operate at two speeds: high or low. High speed is the highest speed at which your microprocessor is capable of running, such as 25, 33, or 50 MHz. Low speed simulates an 8 MHz processor to provide compatibility with older application programs.

Note

When your computer is operating at high speed, the SPEED light on the front panel is green. When the computer is operating at low speed, the light is amber.

You should use high speed for almost everything you do because your programs will work faster. However, certain application programs have specific timing requirements and can run only at the slower speed. See your software manual to determine if this is the case.

Some copy-protected programs require the computer to run at low speed while accessing the program on a diskette. These programs also usually require you to leave a key disk-the diskette that contains the copy protection-in the diskette drive. If you use a copy-protected program, you can change the speed to low to access the diskette and return it to high speed when you are finished.

1-24

Using Your Computer

Page 40

You can change the processor speed temporarily by entering one of the following

mmands

from the numeric keypad on

your keyboard:

To select low speed, press

To select high speed, press

[cblIIAlt[yl

[Cb11[=G71

(Hold down the m key and the and then press the

Note

[+I

or a key on the numeric keypad.)

[Alt)

key simultaneously

You can use the commands listed above while you are running a program. However, if the program uses one of these co

mmands

for another function, you cannot use it to change the processor speed. For example, if you are running a program that uses the the cursor, you cannot enter

command to move

[w[y]

[cbll[Alt)I-J

to change the processor speed to low. You can, however, enter the command at the MS-DOS command prompt

The speed settingremains in effect until you do the following:

Turn off the computer

Change it with another keyboard command.

Using Your Computer

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Page 41

Preparing the Hard Disk for Moving

If you need to move your computer to a new location, you may want to run the HDSIT program providedon your Reference diskette to protect the hard disk during the move.

HDSIT moves (or parks) the disk drive’s mad/write heads to a

region on the disk surface that does not contain data, and locks

them securely in position This protects the hard disk from

being damaged if the computer is bumped accidentally.

Many hard disk drives, including all Epson drives, automatically park their heads when you turn off the computer. If your hard disk drive does not do this, or if you are not sure that it does, be sure to run HDSIT.

If you have not already done so, copy the HDSIT.COM and HDSIT.VER file from the Reference diskette to the root

directory on your hard disk. Then, when you want to run HDSIT, type HDSIT and press

You see a message on the screen that tells you the disk drive's read/write heads will remain locked until you reset the computer or turn the power off and on again. The computer then locks the heads and disables the keyboard. Remove any diskettes and turn off thecomputer. Now you can move it to

the new location.

@G-J

1-26

Whether you use HDSIT or computer and wait at least 20 seconds before you move

not, always turn off your

it.

This allows your hard disk drive’s read/write heads to move

away from the disk to a safe location. If you move your computer before this happens, you could damage your hard

disk drive.

Using Your Computer

Page 42

Using AUTOEXEC.BAT and Other Batch Files

If you are using MS-DOS to access your application programs, you may find that there arecommands frequently. You can automate the execution of these commands

by listing them in a special file called a batch file. When you

type the name of the batch file and press m, MS-DOS executes the commands in the file just as if you had typed each command from the keyboard.

If you have a word processing program that can save a file as a

text-only file (sometimes called an ASCII file), you can use it to create a batch file. You can also use the MS-DOS COPY, EDIT, or EDLIN command, or a text editor, to create the file.

One batch file that you may find particularly useful is called

AUTOEXEC.BAT. Every time you turn on your computer,

MS-DOS looks for the AUTOEXEC.BAT file and automatically

executes each of the commands in the file.

When you install MS-DOS, it creates an AUTOEXEC.BAT file

for you, which you can modify or replace as described above.

Be sure to name the file AUTOEXEC.BAT and store it in the

root directory of the hard disk or diskette from which you load

MS-DOS. (You may want to rename your original file to

AUTOEXEC.OLD, in case you need to use it again later.)

you need to run

See your MS-DOS documentation for more information about

creating and using batch files.

Using Your Computer

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Chapter 2

Installing and Removing Options

You can enhance the performance of your computer by adding optional equipment such as memory modules, option cards, or

an Intel OverDrive processor. Memory modules-also called SIMMs (single inline memory

mod&$-allow you to increase the amount of memory in your computer.

An option card is a circuit board you install in your computer to add a particular function, such as a modem or an additional

interface port.

An OverDrive processor is a CPU chip which doubles the internal processing speed of the microprocessor and includes a built-in math coprocessor. If you have the 486SX/25 or

486DX/33 system, you can install an OverDrive processor on

your system board to provide this increased performance.

(Alternatively, on the 486SX/25 system you can install a

487SX/25 chip to provide math coprocessor support.)

Installing and Removing Options

2-1

Page 44

How to Use This Chapter

This chapter explains how to do the following:

Remove the computer’s cover Change jumper settings on the main system board Install (and remove) memory modules (SIMMs)

Install an option card Remove an option card Remove the option card connector board (to access the

main system board) Replace the option card connector board

Install a new processor chip (CPU) Increase the video memory Use the alternate VGA interface (feature connector) Use a display adapter card Replace the cover.

Follow the steps in the first section to remove the cover, and then go to the appropriate section for the instructions you need.

When you finish, see the instructions at the

to replace the computer’s cover.

2-2

installing and

Removing Options

end of this chapter

Page 45

Locating the Internal Components

As you follow the instructions in this chapter, refer to the following illustration to locate the different components inside your computer.

main system board

VGA feature connector

video memory

microprocessor

option card connector board

, SIMM 0

I diskette drive

\ drive bays

Installing and Removing Options

2-3

Page 46

Removing the Cover

You need to remove the computer’s cover to install any of the options described in this chapter or to install or remove a disk drive (as described in Chapter 3). Follow these steps:

Turn off the computer and then any peripheral devices

(including the monitor and printer).

Disconnect the computer’s power cable from the electrical

outlet and from the back panel. Also disconnect any cables

that are connected to the computer, including the keyboard and mouse cables.

If the monitor is on top of the computer, lift it off and set it to

one

side.

Turn the computer around so the back panel is facing you.

Remove the three screws securing the back panel, as shown below.

2-4

Installing and Removing Options

Page 47

6. Turn the computer around again so that the front panel is facing you.

Grasp the sides of the cover and pull it straight toward you until it stops, just before it reaches the front of the computer. Then lift it off at an angle as shown below.

Set the cover aside.

Ground yourself to the computer by touching the metal surface of the back panel.

WARNING

Be sure to ground yourself by touching the back panel of the computer every time you remove the cover. If you are not properly grounded, you could generate an electric shock that could damage a component when you touch it.

Installing and Removing Options

2-5

Page 48

Changing the Jumper Settings

The main system board in your computer has a number of jumpers which control certain functions. These jumpers are

preset at the factory to default positions; however, you can alter the following functions by changing the standard settings:

Enable or disable the built-in VGA display adapter

Set the computer to use a CGA or other type of display

adapter

Reset the CMOS RAM settings to the factory defaults Enable or disable the PQFP (surface-mounted)

microprocessor on some 486SX/25 systems Change the microprocessor type (if you upgrade your

system with a new microprocessor)

Change the processor speed.

If you need to change any jumper settings, or if you want to

check the current settings, follow the instructions in this section.

The following tables list the jumper settings and their functions.

2-6

Installing and Removing Options

Page 49

Adapter, CMOS, and PQFP jumper settings

Function Supports CGA adapters Supports monochrome, EGA, MCGA. and VGA

adapters

Enables the built-in VGA display adapter

Disables the built-in VGA display adapter so you

can use a display adapter on an option card In

your computer as your primary adapter

Returns CMOS RAM to the factory settings

Retains SETUP program settings

Enables the PQFP SX/25 processor

Disables the PQFP SX/25 processor

* Factory setting ** Two pin jumpers

Processor jumper settings

Processor type

486SX (in OverDrive socket)

487SX (in OverDrive socket) or

486SX PQFP 466DX (in OverDrive socket)

You

need

to change the processor jumper settings

J10

2-3 2-3 Off

1-2 1-2

1-2

J11

1-2 1-2

J12

2-3

when you

upgrade your system by installing a new processor chip. Make sure the jumper settings for J10, J11, and J12 correspond to the type of chip you installed.

Installing and Removing Options

2-7

Page 50

Note

If the microprocessor in your system is a FQFP type, it is surface-mounted on the main system board. This means that if you install an OverDrive processor, you can install it in the empty OverDrive socket. In this case, you need to disable the original microprocessor by moving jumper J23 to position

2-3.

You also need to make sure the jumper settings for J10,

J11, and J12 are set correctly.

Processor speed jumper settings

Processor type

SX/25, DX2/50

(25

MHz)

DX/33, DX2/66 (33 MHz)

J19

Off

J20

Off

Off Off

J21

J22

Off

You need to change the processor speed jumper settings only if

you replace a 25 MHz processor with a 33 MHz processor.

2-8

Installing and Removing Options

Page 51

Setting the Jumpers

If you need to change any jumper settings, follow these steps:

Refer to the illustration below to locate the jumpers.

J10-J12.

J19-J22

J23

J13-15

If there are any option cards installed in your computer, you

2. need to remove them to access the jumpers. See page 2-20.

If the option card connector board is in your way, you can

3. remove it. See page 2-21 for instructions.

Installing and Removing Options

2-9

Page 52

A jumper’s setting is determined by where the jumper is placed on the pins. A two pin jumper either

connects both

pins (on) or sits on just one of the pins (off), as illustrated below.

OFF

For three pin jumpers, the jumper connects pin 1 and the middle pin (position 1-2) or pin 3 and the middle pin

(position 2-3), as shown below.

l-2

2-3

(In the off position, a three pin jumper sits on only one of the

end pins.) To move a jumper from one position to the other, use

needle-nose pliers or tweezers to pull it off its pins and

gently move it to the desired position.

Be careful not to bend the jumper pins or damage any surrounding components on the main system board.

2-10

If you removed the option card connector board, replace it now. See page 2-22 for instructions.

Replace any option cards you removed. See page 2-16 for instructions.

Installing and Removing Options

Page 53

Memory Modules (SIMMs)

Your computer comes with 4MB of memory installed in a SIMM socket. By installing memory modules--also called SIMMs (single inline memory modules)-you can increase the amount of memory in your computer up to 32MB.

There are two SIMM sockets on the main system board, and each can contain one memory module. You can install SIMMs with a capacity of 1MB, 4MB, or 16MB.

The following table shows the possible SIMM configurations; do not install memory in any other configuration.

S/MM

l Standard memory

configurations

4MB

16MB

16MB 16MB

20MB 32MB

Installing and Removing Options

2-11

Page 54

Before you install SIMMs, check the following guidelines to ensure that they will work properly:

Use only 36-bit, fast-page mode SIMMs that operate at an access speed of 70ns (nanoseconds) or faster. Be sure all the SIMMs operate at the same speed.

Use the correct SIMM configuration to add the amount of memory you want. See the table above.

Your computer can use any SIMM that complies with industry standards; however, it is best to use Epson SIMM option kits to ensure reliability and compatibility.

Once you have the SIMMs you need, you can install them in

your computer. Follow the instructions below.

2-22

Installing and Removing Options

Page 55

Inserting SlMMs

Follow these steps to install SIMMs:

Refer to the illustration on page 2-3 to locate the SIMM

sockets near the front of the computer.

2. Remove any option cards that may be blocking your access to

the

SIMM sockets. See page 2-20 for instructions.

3. Position the SIMM over the socket at an angle, as shown below. The components on the SIMM should face the outside of the computer.

Installing and Removing Options

2-13

Page 56

Push the SIMM into the socket until it is seated firmly in the slot. Then tilt it upright, as shown below, guiding the hole at each end of the SIMM over the retaining post at each end of the SIMM socket.

If it does not go in smoothly, do not force it; pull it all the way out and try again.

5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 for the second SIMM.

6. Replace any option cards you removed. See page 2-16 for

instructions.

The next time you turn on your computer, run the SETUP program so your computer can update its configuration information with the new memory. See Chapter 2 of the

2-14

Setup Guide

Installing and Removing Options

for instructions.

Page 57

Removing SIMMS

If you need to remove SIMMs from your computer (to install

different ones, for example), follow the steps below.

Remove any option cards that may be blocking your access to the SIMM sockets. See page 2-20 for instructions.

Use your fingers or two small screwdrivers to carefully pull away the tabs that secure the SIMM at each end. As you pull away the tabs, the SIMM falls to the side. Remove it from the socket.

tabs

If necessary, follow the same procedure to remove the other SIMM.

4. Replace any option cards you removed. Follow the instructions below.

Installing and Removing Options

2-15

Page 58

The next time you turn on your computer, run the SETUP program so your computer can update its memory configuration.

Installing an Option Card

This section explains how to install an option card in your computer. Your computer has four option slots to accommodate up to four 8-bit or 16-bit option cards

Usually it does not matter which slot an option card occupies as

long as the card fits in the slot. For example, you can place some S-bit cards in a 16-bit slot. However, follow these guidelines when deciding which slot to use:

If you have an S-bit card that has an additional tab along the bottom, it will not fit in any of the option slots in your computer.

If you are installing a high-resolution graphics adapter card, follow the instructions below to install the adapter card; then see “Using the Alternate VGA Interface” on page

2-26 to connect the card to the VGA feature connector in

your computer.

You may not be able to install a half-length or full-length option card in the slot closest to the system board (Slot 1). However, you can install one that is no longer than 110 mm (4.4 inches).

Note

Before you install an option card, see if you need to change any jumper settings on the system board. For example, if you install a video card, you may need to change jumper J5. See page 2-6.

2-16

Installing and Removing Options

Page 59

Follow these steps to install an option card:

1. If this is the first time you are installing a card in the option slot, you need to remove the metal cover for that slot on the

inside back panel. Remove the retaining screw securing the

option slot cover to the computer. (Keep the screw to secure the option card to the computer.)

Slide out the slot cover and set it aside. (Store the slot cover in a safe place in case you remove the option card later.)

Installing and Removing Options

2-17

Page 60

Unpack the option card and adjust any switches or jumpers on it, if necessary. (Check the option card instructions.) When you handle the card, be careful not to touch any of the components on the circuit board or the gold-edged connectors. If you need to set it down before you install it, place it gently on top of its original packing material with the component side facing up. Keep the packing materials in case you remove the card later.

Hold the card along the top corners and guide it into the connector, as shown below. (If you’re installing a full-length card, insert the front edge of the card into the corresponding guide inside the computer’s front panel.)

2-18

Installing and Removing Options

Page 61

Once the connectors reach the slot, push the card in firmly (but carefully) to insert it fully. You should feel the card fit into place. If it does not go in smoothly, do not force it; pull the card all the way out and try again.

5. Secure the end of the card to the computer with the retaining screw.

Note

If you installed a high-resolution graphics adapter card, see “Using the Alternate VGA Interface,” on page 2-26, for further instructions.

Installing and Removing Options

2-19

Page 62

Removing an Option Card

You may need to remove an option card installed in your computer to access components on the main system board-to change a jumper setting, for example. You may also want to remove a card if you no longer need it. Follow these steps:

Remove the retaining screw securing the option card to the computer. Then pull the card straight out of the slot.

2. Set the card aside with the component side facing up. When you are ready to re-install the option card, see page 2-16

for instructions.

2-20

Installing and Removing Options

Page 63

Removing the Option Card Connector Board

You may want to remove the option card connector board to access certain components on the main system board, such as

jumpers or the disk drive controllers. Follow these steps:

Remove any option cards. (See the instructions above.)

2. Remove the retaining screw securing the bracket on the option card connector board to the power supply.

power supply

option card

connector

board

Pull the board straight up and out of its socket and set it aside.

Installing and Removing Options

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Page 64

Replacing the Option Card Connector Board

If you removed the option card connector board to access any system components, follow these steps to replace it:

Position the board above its slot as shown below, and then firmly push it straight in.

2. Secure the board to the power supply with its retaining screw. Now you can re-install any option cards you removed. See

page 2-16 for instructions.

2-22

Installing

and

Removing Options

Page 65

Installing a New Processor Chip

If you have a 486SX/25 or 486DX/33 system, you can enhance your system’s performance by installing an Intel OverDrive processor. Alternatively, for the 486SX/25, you can install a 487SX/25 microprocessor with built-in math coprocessor.

Complete instructions for installing the processor are provided in the manual that comes with it. Please follow those instructions carefully, along with the following guidelines:

Although the OverDrive processor User’s Guide instructs you to remove the main system board from the computer, this is not necessary. You can leave the board inside the

computer case while you install the processor.

Refer to the illustration on page 2-3 to locate the microprocessor socket on the system board. If this socket is empty, you can install the OverDrive processor (or 487SX

chip) directly in the socket. If it contains the CPU chip, you

need to remove it before you install the new processor.

If you need to remove the existing microprocessor, lift the

lever to release the CPU chip. After you install the new

processor, push the lever down to secure it in the socket.

If you install an OverDrive processor or the 487SX/25 chip,

you may need to change the settings of the jumpers J10

through J12, as described on page 2-7. If you install the

OverDrive processor in an empty socket, you need to

change the jumper setting of J23 to position 2-3 as well.

After you install the processor and replace the computer’s cover, run the SETUP program so your computer can update its configuration. See Chapter 2 of the

Setup Guide

for instructions. (You need only run the program and save the configuration; you do not need to change any settings.)

Installing and Removing Options

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Increasing the Video Memory

Your computer comes with 512KB or 1MB of video memory. If you have 512KB, you can by installing four video DRAM, 20-pin, DIP (DuaI InIine Package) chips. This is useful for running graphics-intensive applications or for supporting resolutions up to 1024 x 768 on your monitor.

The following table lists which video DRAM DIP parts you can install on the main system board.

Supported video DRAM chips

increase your video memory to 1MB

Manufacturer

Mitsubishi®

Toshiba®

Micron®

Part number

M5M44256BP-7

TC514256AP-70

MT4C4256-70

Installing the Memory Chips

You need four memory chips to install the optional memory.

For the memory to work properly, you must install one chip in each of the four empty video memory sockets on the system board. To install the chips you'll need a chip puller or a small, flat-head screwdriver. Follow these steps:

Locate the memory chip sockets on the main system board, shown on page 2-3. The chip sockets you’ll use are the empty ones, numbered M5 through M8.

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Installing and Removing Options

Page 67

If there is an option card in your way, remove it. See page 2-20 for instructions.

Caution

To avoid generating static electricity and damaging the memory chips, ground yourself by touching the metal

surface on the inside of the computer’s back panel. Then remain as stationary as possible while you install them.

Remove the memory chips from their package and inspect each one. The pins should point inward at slightly less than a 90° angle.

If any of the pins are bent, straighten them gently with your fingers or with small tweezers to align them with the other pins. Be careful when you do this; the pins are fragile and can break off easily.

4. Position one of the memory chips over the first socket as shown below, aligning the pins on the chip with the holes in the socket. Make sure the small notch on the end of the chip is toward the filled row of memory chips.

Installing and Removing Options

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Gently press the chip halfway into the socket (to make sure it is correctly aligned). If the chip goes in at an angle, remove it with a chip puller or a small flat-head screwdriver and try

again.

When the chip is properly positioned, push down firmly on both ends of the chip to make sure it is well-seated.

Repeat steps 4 through 6 for each of the three remaining chips.

Replace any option cards you removed. See page 2-16 for instructions.

You may want to run the VGA utility CLMODE to see your increased video memory. For instructions, see the

VGA Utilities Guide.

Using the Alternate VGA lnterferance

Your computer includes an alternate VGA interface (feature connector) on the main system board. This connector allows you to install a high-resolution graphics adapter card in one of

the computer’s option slots and still access the standard VGA signals provided by your system circuitry.

Typically, high-resolution graphics adapter cards increase the graphics processing performance of your VGA monitor and provide resolutions of more than 1024 x 768. They are useful for high-end graphics applications such as AutoCAD® or Windows.

To connect the graphics adapter card interface to the alternate VGA interface on your main system board, you must have a VGA feature cable.

2-26

Installing and Removing Options

Page 69

Follow these steps:

If you have not already done so, follow the instructions on

page 2-16 (“Installing an Option Card”) to install the

graphics adapter card in your computer.

Attach one end of the cable to the alternate VGA interface on

the main system board near the back panel, as shown below. Align the cable so the red wire along one edge is closest to pin 1 in the socket.

Connect the other end of the cable to the appropriate

interface on the adapter card. (Check your graphics card

manual for instructions.)

Installing and Removing Options

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Using a Display Adapter Card

If you are not using a VGA monitor or if you want to install an optional display adapter card instead of using the built-m adapter to control your VGA monitor, read the guidelines in

this section.

before you can connect a monitor to a display adapter card,

you must install the card in your computer. If it is not already

installed, follow the instructions on page 2-16 to install an

option card.

When installing the card, make sure any switches or jumpers

on the card are set properly. For example, you may need to

change a switch setting to select the refresh rate. See the

documentation that came with your monitor and display

adapter card for instructions.

If you install an optional display adapter card, you must set

jumper J6 on the main system board to position 2-3 to disable

the built-in VGA port. (You do not have to do this if you

connected the card to the VGA feature connector on the main

system board.) You also need to set jumper J5 to the On

position if you are using a CGA adapter and monitor. See

page 2-6 for instructions on changing jumper settings.

Note

If you install a high-resolution graphics adapter card that connects to an alternate VGA interface (also called a “feature connector"), see page 2-26 for instructions on connecting the

card to the connector on the main system board.

After you install the card, computer. If your monitor came with its own manual, follow the instructions there. Otherwise, just insert your monitor

connector into the adapter card port instead of the built-in port.

2-28

Installing and Removing Options

connect

your monitor to the

Page 71

Replacing the Cover

When you are ready to replace the computer’s cover, follow

these steps:

Facing the front of the computer, position the cover so the lip

its bottom edge slides under the guiderails along both

sides of the computer case, as shown below.

2. Lower the cover and slide it straight back over the computer until it cannot go any farther.

Installing and Removing Options

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Replace the three cover retaining screws, as shown below.

Reconnect the computer to the monitor, printer, keyboard, and any other peripheral devices you have. Then reconnect the power cable to the back of the computer and to an electrical outlet.

Post-installation Procedures

After you install or remove options such as memory modules or a new processor, you must run SETUP to update the computer’s configuration. See Chapter 2 of the Setup Guide for

instructions.

Additionally, you may need to add some commands to your configuration files. See your operating system manual and the manual that came with your optional equipment for instructions.

You may also want to test a newly-installed option. Some options come with their own diagnostic programs, and you can use the diagnostic program on your Reference diskette to test

the

system memory, serial and parallel ports, disk drives,

monitor, and display adapter. See Chapter 4 for instructions.

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Installing and Removing Options

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Chapter 3

Installing and Removing Drives

The instructions in this chapter describe how to install and remove optional Epson drives in your computer. You can use

these instructions to install a variety of devices, including diskette drives, hard disk drives, a CD-ROM drive, or a tape drive. Although your drive may look different from the ones illustrated here, you should be able to install it the same way.

If you are installing or removing a non-Epson drive, some of

the steps in this chapter may not apply; see the documentation

that came with your drive for more information.

Installing and Removing Drives

3-1

Page 74

Your computer can hold up to three drives. There are two

horizontal drive bays and one vertical drive bay.

back

vertical

drive bay

front

horizontal drive bays

The upper horizontal bay contains the diskette drive that came with your system. If your system came with only one diskette drive, you can install an additional device of one of the following types in the lower horizontal drive bay:

51/h-inch-wide

diskette drive, tape drive, CD-ROM drive, or

other storage device

3M-inch-wide hard disk drive with mounting frames

3-2

attached

Installing and

to it.

Removing Drives

Page 75

Your computer may have a hard disk drive already installed in the vertical drive bay. If not, you can install one hard disk drive in this bay.

It is best to install your computer’s first hard disk drive in the vertical drive bay. If you add a second hard disk drive or diskette drive, use the lower horizontal drive bay.

How to Use This Chapter

To install or remove a drive, first remove the computer’s cover

as described on page 2-4. Then see the table below for a guide

to the instructions you should follow next in this chapter.

Install a hard disk drive

install a diskette drive or other Page 3-17 device In a horizontal drive bay

Remove a diskette drive or Page 3-29 other device from a horizontal drive bay

Remove a hard disk drive from Page 3-15

the vertical bay

Isee

‘Setting the Hard Disk Drive Jumpers’

on page 3-4

After you install or remove your drive(s), replace the computer’s cover as described on page 2-29. Then see “Post-installation Procedures” on page 3-36 for additional steps you may need to perform.

Installing and Removing Drives

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Setting the Hard Disk Drive Jumpers

Most hard disk drives have jumpers that must be set for the drive to work properly with the computer. The jumpers tell the computer whether you are using one hard disk drive or two. If you purchased your computer with a hard disk drive already installed, these jumpers have been set correctly for your system.

If you install a hard disk drive in your computer, be sure to check the drive’s jumper settings before you install it. See the documentation that came with your drive for the proper settings, then follow the instructions below.

If you install a second hard disk drive, you must set the

jumpers on both drives to indicate which drive is the master

(primary) drive and which is the slave (secondary) drive. A master drive is the drive on which you’ll install the operating system that the computer loads into its memory each time you turn it on. You can run application programs and store data on both the master and slave drive, but the operating system must be on the master drive.

Where to Go Next

To install a hard disk drive in the vertical drive bay, see the

next section. To install a hard disk drive in the lower horizontal drive bay, see “Installing a Drive in a Horizontal Bay” on page 3-17.

3-4

Installing and Removing Drives

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Installing a Hard Disk in the Vertical Bay

It is best to install your computer’s first hard disk drive in the vertical drive bay, as described in this section. Here you’ll find steps for the following procedures:

Removing the mounting frames from the hard disk drive (if

necessary)

Installing the hard disk drive in the vertical drive bay

Connecting the cables.

Note

Before you install a hard disk drive, be sure to check the

jumpers on the drive. For instructions, see page 3-4.

Installing and Removing Drives

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Page 78

Removing the Mounting Frames

Your hard disk drive may have mounting frames attached to it,

as shown below. You need to remove these frames before you can install the drive in the vertical bay.

mounting frames

3-6

Installing

and

Removing Drives

Page 79

Follow these steps to remove the mounting frames:

On your hard disk drive, there may be a plastic guiderail and metal grounding plate attached to one of the mounting frames. If so, remove the screws securing them to the mounting frame, as shown below, and remove the guiderail and grounding plate.

metal grounding plate

2. Then remove the two screws securing each mounting frame to the drive and remove the frames, as shown below.

Installing and Removing Drives

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Page 80

Installing the Hard Disk

To install the hard disk drive, you first need to attach it to the mounting plate in the vertical drive bay. Follow these steps:

1. Remove the screw

securing the mounting plate to the horizontal drive bays and set it aside. Then slide the mounting plate in the direction of the arrow, and lift it out.

)

horizontal drive bays

mounting plate

3-8

Installing and Removing Drives

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Turn the hard disk drive so the components face up and the connectors face left. Then place the mounting plate on the

hard disk drive and align the four holes in the plate with the four holes in the drive, as shown below.

connectors

The bracket on the mounting plate should be on the opposite

side of the connector end of the drive.

Use the four screws that came with the hard disk drive (or with your computer) to secure the mounting plate to the drive.

Installing and Removing Drives

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4. Hold the drive so the mounting plate faces the horizontal drive bays (with the bracket over the top) and the connectors face the back of the computer, as shown below.

bracket

connectors

slots

3-10

The two tabs at the bottom of the mounting plate should be just above the two slots in the computer case.

Installing and Removing Drives

Page 83

5. Lower the tabs into the corresponding slots in the computer case. Slide the drive in the direction of the arrow, until the hole in the bracket is aligned with the hole on top of the horizontal drive bays.

bracket

Secure the mounting plate with the screw, as shown above.

Installing and Removing Drives

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Connecting the Cables

To connect the hard disk drive to the computer, you need to connect two cables: the hard disk drive ribbon cable and a power supply cable. Follow the steps below:

If you are installing your computer’s first hard disk drive, you need to connect the hard disk drive ribbon cable to the system board now. Follow the instructions on page 3-33 and then return here.

The hard disk drive ribbon cable should be connected to the main system board. Locate the free connector on the end of this cable. (If there is a hard disk drive in the lower horizontal bay, the middle connector is attached to that drive.)

Notice the small tab in the middle of the cable connector; align this tab with the notch in the hard disk drive connector, as shown in the following illustration.

Note

When the hard disk drive ribbon cable is positioned correctly, the red wire on the cable is next to the power supply connector on the hard disk drive, as shown.

3-12

Installing and Removing Drives

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Make sure the holes in the cable connector fit over all the pins in the hard disk drive connector; then push in the

connector.

Installing and Removing Drives

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locate one of the power supply cables that lead from the power supply (behind the horizontal drive bays). The power supply cables may be secured in a plastic band on the side of the power supply. If so, unfasten the band to free the cables.

The cables are labeled

PA, PB, PC,

and

PD; you can use any one

that is free. (If your drive requires a small power supply cable connector, use

Position the power supply cable connector so that its notched

PD.)

comers line up with the notched comers of the power

supply connector on the hard disk drive. Make sure the

holes fit over all

the

pins and then push in the connector.

3-14

Caution

If you do severely damage your hard disk drive

Installing and Removing Drives

not

align the cable connector correctly, you could

when

you push it in.

Page 87

Removing a Hard Disk From the Vertical Bay

Follow these steps to remove a hard disk drive from the vertical drive bay:

Disconnect the hard disk drive ribbon cable and power supply cable from the back of the drive, as shown below.

Grasp the cable connectors and pull them straight out from the connectors on the hard disk drive so you do not bend the pins; do not pull on the cables.

Installing and Removing Drives

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Page 88

Remove the retaining screw securing the hard disk drive and mounting plate to the horizontal drive bays. Then slide the hard disk drive and mounting plate in the direction of the arrow, shown below, and lift them out of the computer.

3-26

Remove the four screws securing the mounting plate to the hard disk drive. You can store the mounting plate and its

screw or replace it in the computer and secure it with the screw.

Wrap the hard disk drive in its original packing materials and store it along with the four screws.

If you removed your computer’s only hard disk drive,

disconnect the hard disk drive ribbon cable from the main

system board and store it as well.

Installing and Removing Drives

Page 89

If you removed one hard disk drive and are leaving another one in the computer, you need to set the jumpers on the remaining drive to indicate that you now have only one hard disk drive. For the correct settings, see the documentation that came with the drive.

Installing a Drive in a Horizontal Bay

This

section

drive bay. Although the illustrations show a diskette or hard disk drive in the lower bay, you can use these same instructions

to install a diskette drive in the upper bay.

Here you’ll find steps for the following procedures:

Attaching the mounting frames to a hard disk drive (if necessary)

Installing the drive

Connecting the cables.

If you are installing your computer’s first hard disk drive, it is best to install it in the vertical drive bay as described on page 3-5.

describes how to install a drive in a horizontal

Note

before you install a hard disk drive, be sure to check the

jumpers on the drive. For instructions, see page 3-4.

Installing and Removing Drives

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Page 90

Depending on the type of drive you are installing, you may need to attach mounting frames to it before you install it in a horizontal bay. Follow these guidelines:

If you are installing a diskette drive, skip to “Installing the

Drive” on page 3-20. If you are installing a hard disk drive that has a 3.5-inch

form factor, it must have mounting frames attached to it so it fits properly in the horizontal drive bay. Follow the steps in the next section.

If you are installing a hard disk drive that already has mounting frames on it, see if it also has a plastic guiderail and metal grounding plate attached to it. If so, follow step 1 on page 3-7 to remove the guiderail and grounding plate. Then go to “Installing the Drive” on page 3-20.

3-18

Installing and Removing Drives

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Attaching Mounting Frames to a Hard Disk

To attach mounting frames to a hard disk drive, follow these steps:

Locate the two mounting frames and four screws that came with the drive.

As shown below, place a mounting frame on top of one side of the drive and align it so that the holes in the drive are approximately in the middle of the oval holes in the frame. Then secure the mounting frame to the drive with the two

screws.

mounting frame

Repeat step 2 to attach a mounting frame to the other side of the drive.

Installing and Removing Drives

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Page 92

Installing the Drive

Follow these steps to install the drive in a horizontal drive bay:

Locate the two metal guiderails and six screws that came with

the

computer.

Using the appropriate each side of the drive (or each mounting frame, if attached), as

shown

below. The bracket on

the opposite side of the connector end of the drive.

mounting frames

bracket

screw

holes,

the

attach one

guiderail to

guiderail should be on

3-20

guiderail

connectors

Installing and Removing Drives

Page 93

If you are installing a drive in the lower bay, remove the two

retaining screws securing the metal drive bay cover to the front of the computer and remove the cover. Store it in a safe place and save the screws to use later in these steps.

If you are installing a 5.25-inch diskette drive, hold it so that

the diskette release latch is above the diskette slot. If you are installing a 3.5-inch diskette drive, hold it so that the diskette release button is on the right and the drive light is on the left.

If you are installing a hard disk drive, hold it so that the component side faces down, and skip to step 7.

Installing and Removing Drives

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5. To insert a diskette drive, align the guiderails on each side of the drive with the notches on each side of the drive bay and slide the drive into the bay as far as it will go, as shown

below. Secure the guiderails to the computer case with the

two retaining screws.

notch

guiderail

3-22

Installing and Removing Drives

Page 95

If you are installing a diskette drive in the lower bay, you

need to remove the faceplate on the computer’s front panel because it covers this bay. Remove the screws securing the faceplate to the inside of the computer’s cover and remove

the faceplate, as shown below.

Store the faceplate and screws in a safe place; you may want to install it again later. Then go to “Connecting the Cables” on page 3-24.

Installing and Removing Drives

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Page 96

To insert a hard disk drive, align the guiderails on each side

of the drive with the notches on each side of the drive bay and slide the drive all the way into the bay, as shown below. Secure the guiderails to the computer case with the

two retaining screws.

notch

guiderail

Connecting the Cables

To connect the drive to the computer, you need to connect two

cables: a drive ribbon cable and a power supply cable. The steps below describe how to connect these cables to the drive.

If you are installing a diskette drive, follow step 1 and then skip to step 3. If you are installing a hard disk drive, start with step 2.

3-24

Installing and Removing Drives

Page 97

Locate the diskette drive ribbon cable. One end of the cable is

connected to the system board. If you are installing a

second diskette drive in the lower horizontal drive bay, the other end of the cable is connected to the top diskette drive; use the middle connector. If you are installing a diskette drive in the upper bay, use the free end connector.

The diskette drive connector that extends from the back of the drive has gold contacts on both sides. Grasp the cable connector and align it with the drive connector so that the key-way (the plastic divider) in the cable connector lines up with the gap in the drive connector, as shown below.

key-way

Make sure the cable connector fits properly onto the drive connector and push it into place. Then go to step 3.

Caution

If you do not align the connector correctly, you could severely damage your drive when you push it in.

Installing and Removing Drives

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2. Locate the hard disk drive ribbon cable. If you are installing a second hard disk drive, one end of the cable is connected to the system board and the other end is connected to the first hard disk drive in the vertical drive bay; use the free middle

cable connector to connect the second hard disk drive as described below.

If you are installing your computer’s first hard disk drive, you need to connect the hard disk drive ribbon cable to the system board now. Follow the instructions on page 3-33

and then use the middle cable connector to connect the hard disk drive as described below.

Notice the small tab in the middle of the cable connector; align this tab with the notch in the hard disk drive connector, as shown below.

notch

power supply socket

red wire

tab

3-26

Installing and Removing Drives

Page 99

Note

When the hard disk drive ribbon cable is positioned correctly, the red wire on the cable is next to the power

supply connector on the hard disk drive, as shown above.

Make sure the holes in the cable connector fit over all the pins in the hard disk drive connector; then push in the cable connector.

If you do not correctly align the holes with the pins could severely damage your hard disk drive when you

Locate one of the power supply cables that lead from the power supply (behind the horizontal drive bays). The power supply cables may be secured in a plastic band on

the side of the power supply. If so, unfasten the band to

loosen the cables.

The cables are labeled PA, PB, PC, and PD; you can use any

one that is free. (If your drive requires a small power

supply connector, use PD.)

Installing and Removing Drives

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Page 100

Position the power supply cable connector so that its notched comers line up with the notched comers of the drive’s power supply connector, as shown below. Make sure the holes fit over all the pins and then push in the connector.

diskette drive

notched corners

hard disk drive

notched corners

3-28

Caution

If you do not align the cable connector correctly, you could severly damage your drive when you push it in.

Installing and Removing Drives

Epson Equity 4 User Manual

Contents

Introduction

VGA Utilities

Optional Equipment

Memory

Drives

OverDrive Processor

Math Coprocessor

Alternate VGA Interface

How to Use This Manual

Turning On the Computer

Turning Off the Computer

Using Disks and Disk Drives

How Disks Store Data

Types of Diskette Drives

Caring for Diskettes and Diskette Drives

Write-protecting Diskettes

Inserting and Removing Diskettes

Using a Single Diskette Drive System

Formatting Diskettes

Making Backup Copies

Using a Hard Disk Drive

Special Keys on the Keyboard

Stopping a Command or Program

Resetting the Computer

Using a Password

Changing or Deleting a Password

Changing the Processor Speed

Preparing the Hard Disk for Moving

Using AUTOEXEC.BAT and Other Batch Files

How to Use This Chapter

Locating the Internal Components

Removing the Cover

Changing the Jumper Settings

Setting the Jumpers

Memory Modules (SIMMs)

Inserting SlMMs

Removing SIMMS

Installing an Option Card

Removing an Option Card

Removing the Option Card Connector Board

Replacing the Option Card Connector Board

Installing a New Processor Chip

Increasing the Video Memory

Installing the Memory Chips

Using the Alternate VGA lnterferance

Using a Display Adapter Card

Replacing the Cover

Post-installation Procedures

How to Use This Chapter

Setting the Hard Disk Drive Jumpers

Where to Go Next

Installing a Hard Disk in the Vertical Bay

Removing the Mounting Frames

Installing the Hard Disk

Connecting the Cables

Removing a Hard Disk From the Vertical Bay

Installing a Drive in a Horizontal Bay

Attaching Mounting Frames to a Hard Disk

Installing the Drive

Connecting the Cables