Emerson MR105 Data Sheet

Bulletin 71.1:MR105
Type MR105 Direct-Operated Pressure Reducing Regulators
January 2015
TYPE MR105 DIRECT-OPERATED REGULATOR WITH 
LOW-PRESSURE ACTUATOR
Figure 1. Type MR105 Direct-Operated Pressure Reducing Regulators
Contents
Introduction .................................................................. 2
Specifications .............................................................. 2
Features ......................................................................3
Principle of Operation .................................................. 4
Overpressure Protection.............................................. 4
Installation ................................................................... 6
Applications ................................................................. 6
Universal NACE Compliance....................................... 8
Capacity Information.................................................... 8
Ordering Information.................................................. 27
Ordering Guide ......................................................... 27
P1204P1205
TYPE MR105 DIRECT-OPERATED REGULATOR WITH 
HIGH-PRESSURE ACTUATOR
Features
  •  Travel Indicator
  •  Stability
  •  Fast Response
  •   Steel and Stainless Steel Constructions  Meet API 614 Requirements
  •   Available Constructions to Meet NACE MR0175-2003 and NACE MR0103 Requirements for Sour Gas Service Capability
  •  Multiple Trim Materials Available
  •  ANSI/FCI 70-3-2004 Class VI Shutoff
  •  Multiple End Connection Options
 • P
= P2 on High-Pressure Actuator
1
  •   Suitable for High-Temperature Applications  up to 250°F / 121°C
  •  Easy Access to Trim Parts
  •  Drain Valve
  •  Pressure-Loaded Actuator
  •  Bleed valve (for High-Pressure Actuator only)
www.fisherregulators.com
D103256X012
Bulletin 71.1:MR105
Specications
The Specications section on this page provides the ratings and other specications for the Type MR105. The
following information is stamped on the nameplate fastened on the regulator at the factory: type; body size; maximum inlet, outlet and differential pressure; maximum pressure above setpoint; maximum casing pressure; maximum temperature; spring range; cage type; and trim and diaphragm material.
Body Sizes and End Connection Styles
See Table 1
Shutoff Classication per ANSI/FCI 70-3-2004 
Class VI (Soft Seat)
Maximum Inlet, Outlet and Emergency Casing 
Pressure
(1)
See Table 3
Outlet Pressure Ranges
(1)
5 to 300 psig / 0.34 to 20.7 bar; see Table 2
Maximum Setpoint
(1)
Low-Pressure Actuator: 43 psig / 3.0 bar High-Pressure Actuator: 
Downstream Control Line Connection Size  
1/2 NPT
Maximum Pressure Over Setpoint to Avoid Internal  Parts Damage
Low-Pressure Actuator: 20 psig / 1.4 bar High-Pressure Actuator: 120 psig / 8.3 bar
Spring Case Vent
Type Y602-12
Pressure-Loaded Spring Case Vent Connection
1/2 NPT
Approximate Weights
For Type MR105 with Low-Pressure Actuator
Nitrile (NBR) and Ethylene Propylene (EPDM) Diaphragm: 300 psig / 20.7 bar Fluorocarbon (FKM) Diaphragm:
150 psig / 10.3 bar
Construction Materials
For Type MR105 with High-Pressure Actuator
See Table 6
Maximum Differential Pressures
(1)
See Table 4
Flow and Sizing Coefcients 
See Table 5
Temperature Capabilities
(1)
Nitrile (NBR): -20 to 180°F / -29 to 82°C Fluorocarbon (FKM): 20 to 250°F / -7 to 121°C Ethylene Propylene (EPDM)
(3)
: -20 to 225°F /
-29 to 107°C
(2)
Options
• Visual Travel Indicator
• Drain Valve
• Pressure-Loaded Actuator
• NACE Construction
• Bleed Valve (for High-Pressure Actuator Only)
• Ethylene Propylene (EPDM) Elastomer
Pressure Registration
External
1. The pressure/temperature limits in this Bulletin or any applicable standard limitation should not be exceeded.
2. Fluorocarbon (FKM) is limited to 200°F / 93°C in hot water.
3. Ethylene Propylene (EPDM) is limited to 20 to 250°F / -7 to 121°C when used with Low Pressure Actuator.
(1)
NPS 1 / DN 25: 86 lbs / 39 kg NPS 2 / DN 50: 116 lbs / 53 kg NPS 3 / DN 80: 165 lbs / 75 kg NPS 4 / DN 100: 174 lbs / 79 kg
NPS 1 / DN 25: 76 lbs / 34 kg NPS 2 / DN 50: 105 lbs / 48 kg NPS 3 / DN 80: 155 lbs / 70 kg NPS 4 / DN 100: 164 lbs / 74 kg
Trim Parts
Introduction
The Type MR105 regulators are direct-operated, pressure reducing, high-capacity, multi-purpose regulators.
They are designed to handle pressures up to 400 psig /
27.6 bar and temperatures up to 250°F / 121°C.
This product provides a simple, fast, reliable and economical way to control and reduce pressure in multi-
purpose applications suitable for different ow media
such as liquid, air and gas. Applications include lube oil
2
systems and any application where speed of response is
critical, minimum differential pressure is a concern or uid
is not free of impurities. Type MR105 regulator with a low-pressure actuator can be set up to 43 psig / 3.0 bar and the high-pressure actuator version can be set up to 300 psig / 20.7 bar.
The units are available in 4 sizes, NPS 1 through 4 /
DN 25 through 100 and are available in several end connection congurations to meet demands on
application requirements.
Table 1. Body Sizes and End Connection Styles
BODY MATERIAL 
NPS 1 and 2 / DN 25 and 50 NPS 3 and 4 / DN 80 and 100
Cast Iron NPT, CL125 FF, CL250 RF CL125 FF, CL250 RF
WCC steel
CF8M Stainless steel
CF3M Stainless steel
1. Optional NACE construction available.
2. Constructions meet API 614 requirements.
(1)(2)
(1)(2)
(1)(2)
NPT, CL150 RF, CL300 RF, CL600 RF
or PN 16/25/40 RF
NPT, CL150 RF, CL300 RF, CL600 RF
or PN 16/25/40 RF
NPT, CL150 RF, CL300 RF, CL600 RF
or PN 16/25/40 RF
Table 2. Outlet Pressure Ranges
BODY SIZE, NPS 1 AND 2 / DN 25 AND 50
Actuator Type
Low Pressure
High Pressure
Actuator Type
Low Pressure
High Pressure
1. NPS 2 / DN 50 body size spring range is limited to 45 psig / 3.1 bar.
2. Maximum setpoint is limited to 150 psig / 10.3 bar for constructions with Fluorocarbon (FKM) diaphragm.
Spring Range
psig bar In. mm In. mm psig bar
5 to 12 0.34 to 0.83 GE42909X012 White 0.437 11.1 10 to 24 0.69 to 1.6 GE42910X012 Silver 0.500 12.7 14 to 32 0.96 to 2.2 GE42911X012 Orange 0.562 14.3 18 to 43 1.2 to 3.0 GE43002X012 Red 0.625 15.9
(1)
25 to 60 43 to 100 3.0 to 6.9 GE42909X012 White 0.437 11.1
75 to 175
110 to 300
Spring Range
psig bar In. mm In. mm psig bar
5 to 8 0.34 to 0.55 GE42909X012 White 0.437 11.1
8 to 20 0.55 to 1.4 GE42910X012 Silver 0.500 12.7 12 to 30 0.83 to 2.1 GE42911X012 Orange 0.562 14.3 18 to 39 1.2 to 2.7 GE43002X012 Red 0.625 15.9 39 to 72 2.7 to 5.0 GE42909X012 White 0.437 11.1
71 to 175
110 to 250
1.7 to 4.1
(2)
5.2 to 12.1
(2)
7.6 to 20.7
(2)
4.9 to 12.1
(2)
7.6 to 17.2
Spring Part 
Number
(1)
GE42907X012 Green 0.375 9.52
(2)
GE42910X012 Silver 0.500 12.7
(2)
GE42911X012 Orange 0.562 14.3
BODY SIZE, NPS 3 AND 4 / DN 80 AND 100
Spring Part 
Number
(2)
GE42910X012 Silver 0.500 12.7
(2)
GE42911X012 Orange 0.562 14.3
Spring Color 
Code
Spring Color 
Code
Bulletin 71.1:MR105
END CONNECTION STYLE
Body Size
CL150 RF, CL300 RF, CL600 RF
or PN 16 RF
CL150 RF, CL300 RF, CL600 RF
or PN 16 RF
CL150 RF, CL300 RF, CL600 RF
or PN 16 RF
Spring Wire Diameter Spring Free Length
9.70 246
Spring Wire Diameter Spring Free Length
9.70 246
Maximum Pressure  Over Setpoint to Avoid  Internal Parts Damage
20 1.4
120 8.3
Maximum Pressure  Over Setpoint to Avoid  Internal Parts Damage
20 1.4
120 8.3
Available in linear and quick opening trim cages for gas and liquid applications, respectively. The cage-guided metal plug provides superior control and stability.
The Type MR105 with steel or stainless steel body construction has been designed to meet API 614 as required by lube oil manufacturers.
Features
Travel Indicator—Travel indicator option provides visual indication of the valve movement from the closed to open position.
Large Flow—Able to pass large ow rates with
minimal offset from setpoint.
Stability—The Type MR105 regulator’s cage-guided metal plug design provides superior control stability of delivery pressure.
Fast Response—Direct-operated allows for fast
response to meet the most demanding pressure and
ow requirements.
Steel and Stainless Steel Constructions Meet  API 614 Requirements—Steel and Stainless steel
body constructions comply with the recommendations of API Standard 614.
Available Constructions to Meet  NACE MR0175-2003 and NACE MR0103  Requirements for Sour Gas Service Capability
Optional materials are available for applications handling sour gases. These constructions comply with the recommendations of NACE International Standards MR0175 and MR0103.
Multiple Trim Materials Available—416, 316 and
316L Stainless steel options are available to meet
wider application requirements including demands on lube oil and cooling water applications.
3
Bulletin 71.1:MR105
Table 3. Maximum Inlet, Outlet and Emergency Casing Pressures
BODY 
MATERIAL
Cast Iron
WCC steel
CF8M
Stainless steel
CF3M
Stainless steel
1. Based on a maximum temperature of 250°F / 121°C.
2. Maximum outlet and emergency casing pressures for constructions with Fluorocarbon (FKM) diaphragm are limited to 230 psig / 15.8 bar or the body rating limit, whichever is lower.
END 
CONNECTION
NPT 340 23.4
CL125 FF 175 12.1 175 12.1 175 12.1 CL250 RF 400 27.6 400 27.6 400 27.6
NPT 400 27.6
CL150 RF 245 16.9 245 16.9 245 16.9 CL300 RF CL600 RF
PN 16 RF 245 16.9 245 16.9 245 16.9
PN 16/25/40 RF 400 27.6 400 27.6 400 27.6
NPT 400 27.6
CL150 RF 225 15.5 225 15.5 225 15.5 CL300 RF CL600 RF
PN 16 RF 225 15.5 225 15.5 225 15.5
PN 16/25/40 RF 400 27.6 400 27.6 400 27.6
NPT 400 27.6
CL150 RF 185 12.7 185 12.7 185 12.7 CL300 RF CL600 RF
PN 16 RF 185 12.7 185 12.7 185 12.7
PN 16/25/40 RF 400 27.6 400 27.6 400 27.6
MAXIMUM INLET PRESSURE MAXIMUM OUTLET PRESSURE MAXIMUM EMERGENCY CASING
psig bar
400 27.6 400 27.6 400 27.6
400 27.6 400 27.6 400 27.6
400 27.6 400 27.6 400 27.6
(1)
Low-Pressure 
Actuator
psig bar psig bar psig bar psig bar
70 4.8
70 4.8
70 4.8
70 4.8
High-Pressure 
340 23.4
400 27.6
400 27.6
400 27.6
Actuator
(2)
Low-Pressure 
Actuator
70 4.8
70 4.8
70 4.8
70 4.8
High-Pressure 
340 23.4
400 27.6
400 27.6
400 27.6
Actuator
(2)
ANSI/FCI 70-3-2004 Class VI Shutoff—Soft-seat
valve plug disks for tight shutoff.
Multiple End Connection Options—Type MR105 is
available in several end connection congurations to
meet demands on application requirements.
P1 = P2 on High-Pressure Actuator—Inlet pressure rating equals outlet pressure rating on high-pressure actuator constructions up to 400 psig / 27.6 bar.
Easy Drain—Feature allows you to drain the system without expensive spool pieces saving you time and space.
Easy Bleed—Feature allows you to purge the air trapped underneath the diaphragm when the high­pressure regulator is installed in the upright position, which improves speed of response.
Principle of Operation
Refer to Figure 2. The Type MR105 is a direct-
operated pressure reducing regulator. Downstream
pressure is registered externally through a 1/2 NPT control line tapped in the low-pressure actuator bonnet or in the high-pressure actuator lower casing. When downstream demand decreases, the pressure under the actuator diaphragm increases. This pressure overcomes the regulator setting (which is set by the regulator control spring). Through the action of
the actuator stem and valve spring, the valve plug
moves closer to the seat ring and reduces ow. When
demand downstream increases, pressure under the actuator diaphragm decreases. Spring force pushes the actuator stem downward, the valve plug moves
away from the seat ring and the ow increases
downstream as the regulator opens in response to the decreased pressure underneath the diaphragm.
The downward motion of the plug allows gas to ow
through the cage into the downstream system.
Increased downstream pressure permits the regulator to close. The combination of valve spring force and valve plug unbalance provides positive valve plug shutoff against the port and upper seals.
Overpressure Protection
Type MR105 regulator with the low-pressure actuator has outlet pressure ratings lower than the inlet pressure ratings. Complete downstream overpressure protection is needed if the actual inlet pressure exceeds the outlet pressure rating.
Overpressuring any portion of a regulator or associated equipment may cause personal injury, leakage or property damage due to bursting of pressure-containing parts or explosion of accumulated gas. Provide appropriate pressure­relieving or pressure-limiting devices to ensure
4
Bulletin 71.1:MR105
M1178
VALVE PLUG
SEAT RING
DIAPHRAGM
VALVE PLUG
VALVE SPRING
CAGE
ACTUATOR STEM
ACTUATOR
CONTROL SPRING
TYPE MR105 WITH LOW-PRESSURE ACTUATOR
VALVE SPRING
SEAT RING
DIAPHRAGM
M1181
INLET PRESSURE
OUTLET PRESSURE
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
Figure 2. Type MR105 Operational Schematic
CAGE
ACTUATOR STEM
ACTUATOR
CONTROL SPRING
TYPE MR105 WITH HIGH-PRESSURE ACTUATOR
5
Bulletin 71.1:MR105
PUMP 2
PUMP 1
FILTER 1
OIL TANK
M1202
Figure 3. Lube Oil Skid Diagram
TYPE MR108 
BACKPRESSURE REGULATOR
that the limits in the Specications section are not
exceeded. Regulator operation within ratings does not prevent the possibility of damage from external sources or from debris in the pipeline. A regulator should be inspected for damage periodically and after any overpressure condition. Refer to the relief sizing
coefcients in the Specications and the Capacity
Information section to determine the required relief valve capacity.
FILTER 2
TYPE MR105 
PRESSURE REDUCING 
REGULATOR
TO EQUIPMENT  BEARINGS, SEALS OR  SERVO-CONTROLS
Applications
Note
A linear cage is recommended for  applications where low ow stability  is a concern but it will limit the overall  capacity of the regulator. 
Lube Oil Skids (Figure 3)
Installation
Vertical installation with the actuator installed directly above or below the main valve is recommended but for optimal performance the actuator should be installed below the main valve. The use of a bleed valve is recommended for liquid installations that require the high pressure actuator to be mounted above the main valve. The unit will operate in horizontal installations with the actuator on the side, however, this could result
in premature wear of parts. Make sure that ow will
be in the same direction as that indicated by the body arrow. Orientation of the two vents should always be down. Vents may be rotated after regulator installation so that the vent screens are down.
A control line must be installed to allow outlet pressure to register on the actuator’s diaphragm. The size of the
control line is indicated in the Specications section,
and should be installed four to eight pipe diameter downstream of the regulator and in an area of pipe that is free of turbulence.
An instruction manual is provided with every regulator shipped. Refer to this for detailed installation, operation, adjustment and maintenance instructions. Included is a complete listing of individual parts and recommended spare parts.
Lube oil skids maintain oil ow to bearings, seals and
servo-controls on critical turbomachinery assets such as air and gas compressors, steam turbines, power recovery turbines and power generating equipment. These skids are essential in keeping lube oil clean at all times and
ensure maximum service life for the equipment. Because it is critical to maintain a constant ow and pressure of
oil to the equipment, it is normally equipped with two pumps – the main pump and the auxiliary pump, which
will take over in case of main pump failure – and lters.
In normal condition, the skids operate in the following manner:
• Lube oil is stored in the tank at atmospheric pressure.
It is then fed to the main pump (Pump 1) which
pressurizes the lube oil.
• Oil then goes through a lter.
• After ltration, oil ow is split such that a fraction
is sent to a backpressure regulator to limit the supply pressure to the pressure reducing regulator. 20%
of the pump rate ows through the backpressure
regulator, sending back oil to the oil tank.
The pressure reducing regulator decreases the pressure to a safe and allowable range. Flow through this regulator is 80% of pump rate.
6
SET HIGHER THAN  WORKER REGULATOR
Bulletin 71.1:MR105
WORKER CONTROL LINE
MONITOR CONTROL LINE
TYPE MR105 
M1203
INLET PRESSURE
OUTLET PRESSURE
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
INTERMEDIATE PRESSURE
Figure 4. Type MR105 Monitor Regulator Operational Schematic
MONITOR REGULATOR
• Oil ows to large rotating equipment lubricating
bearings, e.g. turbines and compressors.
The loss of pressure or ow to the bearings or these
turbomachinery assets may shut down the equipment or
even the whole plant. Failure of the main pump or lter
results in the following upset operation:
• Auxiliary pump (Pump 2) and lter system is
brought into operation while main pump is in operation.
Auxiliary pump ramp up rate is one second.
Auxiliary pump produces a pressure spike
that is beyond the limitations of the pressure reducing regulator.
The backpressure regulator relieves the excess pressure back to the oil tank. Flow rate is 120% of total pump rate.
Main pump can now be shut down to allow repair of
the system. High capacity direct-operated regulators
are recommended for this type of application where speed of response is critical. The Type MR105 can provide fast response to the pressure spikes as described above while maintaining a constant delivery pressure of oil to the bearing.
TYPE MR105
WORKER REGULATOR
Wide-Open Monitoring System
Refer to Figure 4. Monitoring system provides overpressure protection by containment and therefore
does not vent to the atmosphere. It involves a specic
arrangement of two regulators in series which are
congured such that if one regulator fails wide open,
the other regulator assumes control to maintain
the downstream pressure at a set limit. During an
overpressure situation, monitoring systems keep the customer on line. Testing is also relatively easy. To perform a periodic test on a monitoring regulator, increase the outlet set pressure of the worker regulator and watch the outlet pressure gauge to determine if the monitor regulator takes over at the appropriate outlet pressure.
In such systems, both regulators are sensing downstream
pressure. During normal operation of a wide-open monitor conguration, one regulator (worker) is set at the desired
downstream pressure. The other regulator (monitor) is set at a higher pressure and remains wide open. The lock-up pressure will be the worker regulator lock-up pressure. If the worker regulator fails open, the monitor regulator controls the downstream pressure at its setpoint and the lock-up pressure will be the monitor lock-up pressure.
7
Bulletin 71.1:MR105
Table 4. Maximum Differential Pressures
ACTUATOR TYPE
Low Pressure
High Pressure
BODY SIZE
NPS DN psid bar d psid bar d
1 25 2 50 200 13.6 3 80 225 15.5 4 100 225 15.5 1 25 2 50 200 13.6 3 80 225 15.5 4 100 250 17.2
Gas Service (Linear Cage) Liquid Service (Quick Opening Cage)
400 or maximum
inlet pressure,
whichever is lower
400 or maximum
inlet pressure,
whichever is lower
Table 5. Wide-Open Flow and IEC Sizing Coefficients
Body Size
NPS DN C
1 25 463 13.7 34.0 0.81 0.90 0.73 0.36 2 50 761 22.5 33.8 0.75 0.87 0.72 0.24 3 80 997 30.5 32.7 0.78 0.88 0.68 0.22 4 100 934 27.5 34.0 0.77 0.88 0.75 0.18
Body Size
NPS DN C
1 25 597 17.5 34.1 0.81 0.90 0.73 0.43 2 50 1740 48.2 36.1 0.81 0.90 0.82 0.34 3 80 3540 103.1 34.4 0.76 0.87 0.75 0.32 4 100 4300 135.9 31.6 0.72 0.85 0.65 0.30
Body Size
NPS DN C
2 50 1570 43.8 35.9 0.81 0.90 0.72 0.36
Wide-Open Flow Coefcient IEC Sizing Coefcient
Line Size Equals Body Size
g
Wide-Open Flow Coefcient IEC Sizing Coefcient
Line Size Equals Body Size
g
Wide-Open Flow Coefcient IEC Sizing Coefcient
Line Size Equals Body Size
g
C
v
C
v
REDUCED PORT QUICK OPENING CAGE
C
v
LINEAR CAGE
C
1
QUICK OPENING CAGE
C
1
C
1
MAXIMUM DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE
27.6 or maximum inlet pressure,
whichever is lower
27.6 or maximum inlet pressure,
whichever is lower
K
m
K
m
K
m
F
L
F
L
F
L
200 13.6
250 17.2
X
T
X
T
X
T
F
d
F
d
F
d
Universal NACE Compliance
Optional materials are available for applications handling sour gases. These constructions comply with the recommendations of NACE International Sour Service Standards.
The manufacturing processes and materials used by Emerson Process Management Regulator
Technologies, Inc. assure that all products specied
for sour gas service comply with the chemical, physical and metallurgical requirements of NACE MR0175 and/or NACE MR0103. Customers have the responsibility to specify correct materials. Environmental limitations may apply and shall be determined by the user.
Capacity Information
Air Capacities
To determine wide-open ow capacity for relief valve
sizing, use one of the following equations:
For Critical Pressure Drops
Use this equation for critical pressure drops (absolute outlet pressure equal to one-half or less than one-half the absolute inlet pressure).
Q = P
1(abs)Cg
where,
Q = gas ow rate, SCFH
Cg = gas sizing coefcient P1 = absolute inlet pressure, psia
For Non-Critical Pressure Drops
Use this equation for pressure drops lower than critical (absolute outlet pressure greater than one-half of absolute inlet pressure).
520
Q = CgP1SIN DEG
GT
3417
C
1
ΔP
P
1
8
Table 6. Construction Materials
Bulletin 71.1:MR105
1. Powder coated.
where,
PART NAME STANDARD OPTIONAL
Body WCC steel
Body Flange WCC steel
Actuator Casings - Low Pressure AISI 1010 steel
Actuator Casings - High Pressure WCC steel
Internal Stiffener Plate AISI 1010 steel
Spring Case WCC steel CF3M/CF8M Stainless steel
Spring Case Spacer Zinc-Plated steel Stainless steel
Cage CF3M/CF8M (Quick Opening), CF8M (Linear) Stainless Steel
Valve Plug and Seat Ring 416 Stainless steel
Closing Spring Inconel® X750
Stem S17400 H1075 Stainless steel S20910 (Nitronic 50) Stainless steel
Lower Diaphragm Support S17400 H1075 Stainless steel
Diaphragm and Seals Nitrile (NBR) Fluorocarbon (FKM), Ethylene Propylene (EPDM)
Upper Diaphragm Plate Cast Iron
Control/Set Spring Steel Alloy
Spring Seats Zinc-Plated steel
Bolting
Adjusting Screw Zinc-Plated steel Stainless steel
SA194 Grade B7/NCF (Body to Bonnet),
SAE Grade 5/NCF (Actuator)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
Cast Iron, CF8M, CF3M Stainless steel
CF8M, CF3M Stainless steel
316/316L Stainless steel
CF3M/CF8M Stainless steel
316/316L Stainless steel
316, 316L,
S20910 (Nitronic 50) Stainless steel
(NPS 1 / DN 25 body size only)
(1)
Stainless steel
Maximum Allowable Pressure Drop for Liquid
Q = gas ow rate, SCFH G = specic gravity of the gas
T = absolute temperature of gas
at inlet, °Rankine Cg = gas sizing coefcient P1 = absolute inlet pressure, psia C1 = ow coefcient ΔP = pressure drop across the regulator, psi
Then, if capacity is desired in normal cubic meters per hour at 0°C and 1.01325 bar, multiply SCFH by 0.0268.
Liquid Capacities
To determine regulating capacities or to determine wide-open capacities for relief sizing at any inlet pressure, use the following equation.
Q = C
where,
Q = liquid ow rate, GPM ΔP = pressure drop across the regulator, psi CV = regulating or wide-open ow coefcient
G = specic gravity of the liquid
ΔP
v
G
Pressure drops in excess of allowable will result in
choked ow and possible cavitation damage.
Choked ow is the formation of vapor bubbles in the liquid owstream causing a condition at the vena contracta which tends to limit ow through
the regulator. The vena contracta is the minimum
cross-sectional area of the ow stream occurring just
downstream of the actual physical restriction.
Cavitation and ashing are physical changes in the process uid. The change is from the liquid state to the vapor state and results from the increase in uid velocity at or just downstream of the greatest ow restriction, normally the regulator orice.
To determine the maximum allowable pressure drop for water:
ΔP
= Km (P1)
(allow)
where,
ΔP = Valve differential in psi
Km  = Valve recovery coefcient from Table 5 P1 = Valve inlet pressure in psia
Inconel® is a mark owned by Special Metals Corporation.
9
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