Elenco Pocket Dice User Manual

POCKET DICE KIT

MODEL K-28

Assembly and Instruction Manual

Copyright © 2014, 1989 by Elenco®Electronics, Inc. All rights reserved. Revised 2014 REV-H 753228

No part of this book shall be reproduced by any means; electronic, photocopying, or otherwise without written permission from the publisher.

ELENCO

®

PARTS LIST

If you are a student, and any parts are missing or damaged, please see instructor or bookstore.
If you purchased this pocket dice kit from a distributor, catalog, etc., please contact ELENCO

®

(address/phone/e-mail is at the back of this manual) for additional assistance, if needed. DO NOT contact your
place of purchase as they will not be able to help you.

RESISTORS

Qty. Symbol Value Color Code Part #

! 6 R2,4,5,6,8,9 1.2kΩ 5% 1/4W brown-red-red-gold 141200
! 2 R3, R7 1.5kΩ 5% 1/4W brown-green-red-gold 141500
! 1 R1 100kΩ 5% 1/4W brown-black-yellow-gold 161000

CAPACITORS

Qty. Symbol Value Description Part #

! 1 C1 .01µF Discap 241031

SEMICONDUCTORS

Qty. Symbol Value Description Part #

! 1 D19 1N4001 Diode 314001
! 4 D15 - D18 1N4148 Diode 314148
! 1 IC1 4011 Integrated Circuit 334011
! 2 IC2, IC3 4018 Integrated Circuit 334018
! 14 D1 - D14 LED (red) 350002

MISCELLANEOUS

-1-

Resistor

PARTS IDENTIFICATION

Capacitor

Diode

LED

Integrated Circuit

IC Socket

Push Button Switch

Slide Switch

Battery Snap

● Do not short circuit the battery terminals.

● Never throw the battery in a fire or attempt to

open its outer casing.

●

Use only 9V alkaline battery (not included).

● Insert battery with correct polarity.

● Non-rechargeable batteries should not be

recharged. Rechargeable batteries should
only be charged under adult supervision, and
should not be recharged while in the product.

● Remove battery when it is used up.

● Batteries are harmful if swallowed, so keep

away from small children.

Batteries:

Qty. Symbol Description Part #

! 1 PC Board 518028
! 1 S1 Switch push button 540001
! 1 S2 Switch Slide 541102

Qty. Symbol Description Part #

! 1 B1 Battery Snap 9V 590098
! 1 IC1 IC Socket 14-pin 664014
! 2 IC2, IC3 IC Socket 16-pin 664016

-2-

Warning:

If the capacitor is
connected with
incorrect polarity, it
may heat up and
either leak, or
cause the capacitor
to explode.

IDENTIFYING RESISTOR VALUES

Use the following information as a guide in properly identifying the value of resistors.

BANDS

METRIC UNITS AND CONVERSIONS

Abbreviation Means Multiply Unit By Or

p Pico .000000000001 10

-12

n nano .000000001 10

-9

µ micro .000001 10

-6

m milli .001 10

-3

– unit 1 10

0

k kilo 1,000 10

3

M mega 1,000,000 10

6

1. 1,000 pico units = 1 nano unit

2. 1,000 nano units = 1 micro unit

3. 1,000 micro units = 1 milli unit

4. 1,000 milli units = 1 unit

5. 1,000 units = 1 kilo unit

6. 1,000 kilo units = 1 mega unit

IDENTIFYING CAPACITOR VALUES

Capacitors will be identified by their capacitance value in pF (picofarads), nF (nanofarads), or µF (microfarads).
Most capacitors will have their actual value printed on them. Some capacitors may have their value printed in
the following manner. The maximum operating voltage may also be printed on the capacitor.

Electrolytic capacitors have a positive
and a negative electrode. The
negative lead is indicated on the
packaging by a stripe with minus
signs and possibly arrowheads. Also,
the negative lead of a radial
electrolytic is shorter than the positive
one.

Polarity
marking

BAND 1

1st Digit

Color Digit

Black 0
Brown

1

Red 2
Orange 3
Yellow 4
Green 5
Blue 6
Violet 7
Gray 8
White 9

BAND 2

2nd Digit

Color Digit

Black 0
Brown 1
Red 2
Orange 3
Yellow 4
Green 5
Blue 6
Violet 7
Gray 8
White 9

Multiplier

Color Multiplier

Black 1
Brown 10
Red 100
Orange 1,000
Yellow 10,000
Green 100,000
Blue 1,000,000
Silver 0.01
Gold 0.1

Resistance

Tole rance

Color Tol eran ce

Silver ±10%
Gold ±5%
Brown ±1%
Red ±2%
Orange ±3%
Green ±0.5%
Blue ±0.25%
Violet ±0.1%

1

2 Multiplier Tolerance

Multiplier

For the No. 0 1 2 3 4 5 8 9

Multiply By 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k .01 0.1

(+)

(–)

(+)

(–)

Axial

Radial

Second digit

First digit

Multiplier

Tolerance*

Note: The letter “R” may be used at times
to signify a decimal point; as in 3R3 = 3.3

The letter M indicates a tolerance of +20%
The letter K indicates a tolerance of +10%
The letter J indicates a tolerance of +5%

Maximum working voltage

(may or may not appear
on the cap)

The value is 10 x 10 =
100pF, +10%, 50V

*

CERAMIC DISC MYLAR

First digit

Second digit

Multiplier

Tolerance*

2A222J

100V

The value is 22 x 100 =
2,200pF or .0022µF, +5%, 100V

101K

50V

-3-

Dice are the most ancient gambling implement
known to man, and the most universal, having been
known in nearly all parts of the world since earliest
times. Today they are used in some games of skill,

such as backgammon, but are used chiefly in
gambling games. In the United States, the most
popular dice game is Craps.

Each die consists of seven light emitting diodes
(LEDs). Since there are two dice, we need 14
LEDs. The trick is to light the right LEDs to give the
six possible dice combinations.

The Pocket Dice kit consists of three main circuits.
They are (1) a clock oscillator, (2) a presettable
counter and (3) a decoder circuit.

Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the functions.
We will study each function and get an
understanding on how the Pocket Dice kit works.

Referring to Figure 1, the clock puts out a series of
pulses at about 60 per second. The counter IC2
receives the clock pulses and outputs 0’s or 1’s on
pins 4, 5 and 6. The outputs can represent any one
of six combinations 000, 001, 010, 110, 111 or 101.
Each time the clock puts out a pulse, the output of
the counter changes. The 0’s and 1’s are fed to the
decoder circuit which transforms the 0 and 1
combinations into a series of lit LEDs to display the
die patterns. Pin 13 of IC2 changes state once
every time the IC passes through the six state
sequence. Thus, it puts out a pulse at a frequency
of one-sixth of the digital clock or 10 pulses per
second. This signal is fed the input of IC3 and
becomes its clock input. IC3 and its decoder work
the same as IC2 except at a slower clock rate.

THE CLOCK FUNCTION

Figure 2 shows the diagram of the clock circuit. It
consists of two NAND gate digital integrated
circuits. In our circuit, the two inputs are tied
together which forms an inverter circuit. When the
input of IC1A is low, the output will be high, thus
when the input of IC1B is high, its output will be low.
This output is fed to the input of IC1A via capacitor
C1 and is called positive feedback, a key element to
make a circuit oscillate. The frequency of oscillation

depends on the value of capacitor C1 and resistor
R1. The value chosen results in a frequency of
approximately 60 cycles per second. The output at
IC1B will be a square wave.

In the Pocket Dice
kit, we want the
oscillator to run for a
short time. As long
as the oscillator is
running, the dice will
be constantly
changing numbers.
The number changes once with every cycle, or 60
times per second. For the dice to come up with a
number, we must stop the clock. This is done by
shorting out the feedback with switch SW1. Once
the switch is closed, the clock will stop and a
random number will appear on the dice.

THE PRESETTABLE COUNTER FUNCTION

IC2 and IC3 are the presettable counters. These
counters convert the clock pulses in six
combinations of “1” and “0”. These IC’s have a
single input at pin 14 and three outputs on pins 4, 5
and 6. With every pulse change at the input, the
output will change as shown in Figure 3. Note the
corresponding dice number as the result of the 0
and 1 output of pins 4, 5 and 6.

By tying pin 6 to pin
1, we programmed
the counter to put out
only 6 combinations
as shown in Figure 3.
Every time the clock
puts out a pulse, the
counter will change
its output. On the
first pulse, the
counter pins 4 and 5
will be low (0) and pin
6 will be high (1).
This results in the die
number two. The next clock pulse will result in the
counter output of all lows (0) and the die will show
the number one. Thus, the sequence continues
until all six numbers are shown. The next pulse will

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

INTRODUCTION

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

4 5 6
0 0 1
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 1 0
1 1 1
1 0 1

Output Pins

Clock Pulse

1
2
3
4
5
6

First Die Second Die

IC2 IC3

Counter 1

Counter 2Clock

Decoder 1

Decoder 2

4 5 6 4 5 6

IC1

A

IC1

B

R1

C1S1

repeat the process with two showing on the die.

The output of IC2 also drives IC3. This results in
IC3 output changing in step with IC2, but at a slower
rate.

THE DECODER CIRCUIT

The decoder circuit takes the output of the
presettable counter and lights the correct LEDs.
Figure 4 shows the decoder circuit. It consists of a
NAND gate and an OR gate. The OR gate is
formed by two diodes. The purpose of the decoder
circuits is to “decode” the outputs of pins 4, 5 and 6
of IC2 or IC3 to light the correct LEDs. The truth
tables for the NAND and the OR gates are shown in
Figure 5. They show the output C versus the inputs
A and B. Thus, if the inputs of the NAND gate are
both low (0), the output will be high (1).

Figure 6 shows the wiring of the LEDs to the NAND

and OR gates output. Note that when IC pin 10 is
low, LED D2 and D1 will light. Also, when pin 5 or 6
of IC2 are high, LEDs D4 and D5 will light. Figure 7
shows which LEDs are being lit as a result of the
outputs of pin 4, 5 and 6 of IC2 or IC3.

Let’s go through a couple of decodings to see how
it works. Refer to Figures 6 and 7. Remember an
LED will light when the cathode is low and the
anode is high as shown in Figure 8.

When the die displays a one, only LED D3 will light.
For this to happen, output pin 4, 5 and 6 or IC2 will
have to go low (0) and the following will result.

1) D3 turns on as its cathode will be low.

2) The input of the NAND gate is low therefore its
output will be high. D2 and D1 will not light.

3) The input of the OR gate is low, so its output
will be low. Thus, D4 and D5 will not light.

4) Pin 4 of IC2 is low, therefore LED D6 and D7
will not light.

Let’s try another number - 3. Here we must light
LEDs D3, D4 and D5. The output of pin 4 is low, pin
5 and pin 6 low (0, 1, 0).

1) Pin 6 is low, therefore LED D3 will light.

2) Pin 5 is high, Therefore the outputs of the OR
gate will be high, lighting LED D4 and D5.

3) Pin 4 is low, therefore LEDs D6 and D7 will not
light.

4) The inputs of the NAND gate are high and low,
therefore the NAND gate output will be high
and LEDs D1 and D2 will not light.

Try to figure out the other four patterns. It actually
can be fun.

-4-

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 7

Figure 8

A B C

0 0 1
1 0 1
0 1 1
1 1 0

A B C

0 0 0
1 0 1
0 1 1
1 1 1

NAND OR

4 5 6

LEDs Lit

Die Number

1 1 1

D4, D1, D7, D6, D2, D5 Six

1 1 0

D4, D7, D6, D5, D3 Five

1 0 1

D4, D7, D6, D5 Four

0 1 0

D4, D3, D5 Three

0 0 1

D4, D5 Tw o

0 0 0

D3 One

Pins on IC2

NAND Gate

OR Gate

Figure 6

IC2

9

8

5

6

4

D7 D6

D5 D4

D2 D1

D3

10

D16

D15

+

Current

Limiting

Resistors

Input High

Input Low

0V

9V

Lit

Not Lit

-5-

CONSTRUCTION

Solder

Soldering Iron

Foil

Solder

Soldering Iron

Foil

Component Lead

Soldering Iron

Circuit Board

Foil

Rosin

Soldering iron positioned
incorrectly.

Solder

Gap

Component Lead

Solder

Soldering Iron

Drag

Foil

1. Solder all components from the
copper foil side only. Push the
soldering iron tip against both the
lead and the circuit board foil.

2. Apply a small amount of solder to
the iron tip. This allows the heat
to leave the iron and onto the foil.
Immediately apply solder to the
opposite side of the connection,
away from the iron. Allow the
heated component and the circuit
foil to melt the solder.

1. Insufficient heat - the solder will

not flow onto the lead as shown.

3. Allow the solder to flow around
the connection. Then, remove
the solder and the iron and let the
connection cool. The solder
should have flowed smoothly and
not lump around the wire lead.

4.

Here is what a good solder
connection looks like.

2. Insufficient solder - let the

solder flow over the connection
until it is covered.
Use just enough solder to cover
the connection.

3. Excessive solder - could make

connections that you did not
intend to between adjacent foil
areas or terminals.

4. Solder bridges - occur when

solder runs between circuit paths
and creates a short circuit. This is
usually caused by using too
much solder.
To correct this, simply drag your
soldering iron across the solder
bridge as shown.

What Good Soldering Looks Like

A good solder connection should be bright, shiny, smooth, and uniformly
flowed over all surfaces.

Types of Poor Soldering Connections

Introduction

The most important factor in assembling your K-28 Pocket Dice Kit is
good soldering techniques. Using the proper soldering iron is of prime
importance. A small pencil type soldering iron of 25 watts is
recommended. The tip of the iron must be kept clean at all times

and well-tinned.

Solder

For many years leaded solder was the most common type of solder
used by the electronics industry, but it is now being replaced by lead­free solder for health reasons. This kit contains lead-free solder, which
contains 99.3% tin, 0.7% copper, and has a rosin-flux core.

Lead-free solder is different from lead solder: It has a higher melting
point than lead solder, so you need higher temperature for the solder to
flow properly. Recommended tip temperature is approximately 700OF;
higher temperatures improve solder flow but accelerate tip decay. An
increase in soldering time may be required to achieve good results.
Soldering iron tips wear out faster since lead-free solders are more
corrosive and the higher soldering temperatures accelerate corrosion,
so proper tip care is important. The solder joint finish will look slightly
duller with lead-free solders.

Use these procedures to increase the life of your soldering iron tip when
using lead-free solder:

● Keep the iron tinned at all times.

● Use the correct tip size for best heat transfer. The conical tip is the

most commonly used.

● Turn off iron when not in use or reduce temperature setting when
using a soldering station.

●

Tips should be cleaned frequently to remove oxidation before it becomes
impossible to remove. Use Dry Tip Cleaner (Elenco®#SH-1025) or Tip
Cleaner (Elenco®#TTC1). If you use a sponge to clean your tip, then use
distilled water (tap water has impurities that accelerate corrosion).

Safety Procedures

● Always wear safety glasses or safety goggles to
protect your eyes when working with tools or
soldering iron, and during all phases of testing.

● Be sure there is adequate ventilation when soldering.

●

Locate soldering iron in an area where you do not have to go around
it or reach over it. Keep it in a safe area away from the reach of
children.

● Do not hold solder in your mouth. Solder is a toxic substance.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling solder.

Assemble Components

In all of the following assembly steps, the components must be installed
on the top side of the PC board unless otherwise indicated. The top
legend shows where each component goes. The leads pass through the
corresponding holes in the board and are soldered on the foil side.

Use only rosin core solder.

DO NOT USE ACID CORE SOLDER!

ASSEMBLE COMPONENTS TO THE PC BOARD

Figure C

Mount the diode with
the band in the same
direction shown on PC
board.

Band

S2 - Slide Switch

B1 - Battery Snap 9V

(see Figure D)

J3 - Jumper Wire

(see Figure A)

D19 - 1N4001 Diode

(see Figure C)

IC2 - 16-pin Socket
IC2 - 4018 Integrated Circuit

(see Figure B)

R3 - 1.5kΩ 5% 1/4W Resistor

(brown-green-red-gold)

J4 - Jumper Wire

(see Figure A)

R2 - 1.2kΩ 5% 1/4W Resistor

(brown-red-red-gold)

D16 - 1N4148 Diode
D15 - 1N4148 Diode

(see Figure C)

R5 - 1.2kΩ 5% 1/4W Resistor

(brown-red-red-gold)

R4 - 1.2kΩ 5% 1/4W Resistor

(brown-red-red-gold)

S1 - Push Button Switch

J5 - Jumper Wire
J6 - Jumper Wire

(see Figure A)

C1 - .01µF (103) Capacitor

IC3 - 16-pin Socket
IC3 - 4018 Integrated Circuit

(see Figure B)

R7 - 1.5kΩ 5% 1/4W Resistor

(brown-green-red-gold)

J1 - Jumper Wire

(see Figure A)

D17 - 1N4148 Diode
D18 - 1N4148 Diode

(see Figure C)

R6 - 1.2kΩ 5% 1/4W Resistor

(brown-red-red-gold)

R1 - 100kΩ 5% 1/4W Resistor

(brown-black-yellow-gold)

IC1 - 14-pin Socket
IC1 - 4011 Integrated Circuit

(see Figure B)

R8 - 1.2kΩ 5% 1/4W Resistor

(brown-red-red-gold)

R9 - 1.2kΩ 5% 1/4W Resistor

(brown-red-red-gold)

J2 - Jumper Wire

(see Figure A)

-6-

Figure A

Use a discarded resistor lead
for a jumper wire. Bend the
wire to the correct length and
mount it to the PC board.

Figure B

Insert the IC socket into the PC
board with the notch in the
direction shown on the top
legend. Solder the IC socket into
place. Insert the IC into the
socket with the notch in the same
direction as the notch on the
socket.

Figure D

Mount the battery snap
to B1 on the PC board
as shown below with
the red wire in the (+)
hole and the black wire
in the (–) hole.

Socket

IC

PC Board

Red Wire

Black Wire

-7-

TROUBLESHOOTING

Contact ELENCO®if you have any problems. DO NOT contact your place of purchase as they will not be able
to help you.

D1 - LED (red)
D2 - LED (red)
D3 - LED (red)
D4 - LED (red)
D5 - LED (red)
D6 - LED (red)
D7 - LED (red)

(see Figure E)

D8 - LED (red)
D9 - LED (red)
D10 - LED (red)
D11 - LED (red)
D12 - LED (red)
D13 - LED (red)
D14 - LED (red)

(see Figure E)

ASSEMBLY CONTINUED

Figure E

Mount the LED with the flat
side in the same direction as
marked on the PC board.

1. One of the most frequently occurring problems is
poor solder connections.

a) Tug slightly on all parts to make sure that

they are indeed soldered.

b) All solder connections should be shiny.

Resolder any that are not.

c) Solder should flow into a smooth puddle

rather than a round ball. Resolder any
connection that has formed into a ball.

d) Have any solder bridges formed? A solder

bridge may occur if you accidentally touch
an adjacent foil by using too much solder or
by dragging the soldering iron across
adjacent foils. Break the bridge with your
soldering iron.

2. Be sure that all components have been mounted
in their correct places.

a) Be sure that diodes D15-D19 have not been

installed backwards. The band on the
diodes should be in the same direction as
shown on the top legend.

b) Be sure that LEDs D1-D14 have not been

installed backwards. The flat side on the
LEDs should be in the same direction as
shown on the top legend.

c) Have the ICs been inserted into their

sockets correctly? The notch or dot on the
ICs should be in the same direction as
shown on the top legend.

d) Be sure to use a fresh 9-volt battery.

Mount flush

with PC board

Foil Side of PC Board

Flat

CRAPS

Players: Any number from two and up. The

players bet amongst themselves. In gambling
houses, the players are grouped around a large
table resembling a billiard table, stenciled with a
layout shown where bets should be placed and
what odds are paid.

The Play: The player who starts the game places

in the center whatever he wishes to bet and
announces its amount. Any other player or players
may fade such portions of the bet as they wish, by
placing that amount in the center with the shooters
bet. Any part of the bet not faded is withdrawn by
the shooter. No more than the amount offered may
be faded.

The shooter rolls the dice. The shooter wins if his
first roll is a 7 or 11 (a natural). He loses if it is a 2,
3 or 12 (craps); he has a point to make if it is a 4, 5,
6, 8, 9 or 10. When he gets a point, the result is not

yet decided. He must roll them again and again, as
often as necessary, and he will win if his point
appears before a 7, but he will lose if a 7 appears
first. All intervening rolls are meaningless.

When the shooter loses, those who faded him take
such part of the center bets as belong to them
(always exactly double the amount they bet, for all
center bets are at even money). When the shooter
wins (passes) all of the money in the center belongs
to him and he may make another center bet if he
wishes, increasing or decreasing his previous bet
as he sees fit, but no one is ever forced to bet, and
he may give up the dice if he prefers.

The shooter loses the dice when he gets a point and
fails to make it. In this case, or when he voluntarily
passes the dice, the player at his left becomes the
next shooter.

-8-

QUIZ

1. How many pulses per second does the clock circuit
output?

! A. 10
! B. 25
! C. 60
! D. 2

2. The output of the counter can be one of _________
combinations.

! A. 100
! B. 6
! C. 30
! D. 200

3. What type of logic gate is IC1?

! A. OR
! B. AND
! C. XNOR
! D. NAND

4. The frequency of the clock circuit depends on the value
of capacitor C1 and _________.

! A. diode D1.
! B. IC2.
! C. resistor R1.
! D. LED D3.

5. How many of IC2 outputs pins are used.

! A. 3
! B. 5
! C. 1
! D. 4

6. By tying pin 6 to pin _____, we program the counter to
output only _____ combinations.

! A. 14,8
! B. 2, 5
! C. 13, 7
! D. 1,6

7. The OR gate in the circuit is formed by two _________.

! A. resistors.
! B. LED’s.
! C. diodes.
! D. capacitors.

8. What die number lights up if pins 4 and 5 are high and
6 is low on IC2?

! A. two
! B. nine
! C. five
! D. one

9. Each die consists of how many LED’s?

! A. 10
! B. 7
! C. 12
! D. 10

10. The output of the clock circuit produces a _________

wave.

! A. triangle
! B. ramp
! C. saw
! D. square

Answers: 1) C; 2) B; 3) D; 4) C; 5) A; 6) D; 7) C; 8) C; 9) B; 10) D

-9-

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Capacitor

An electrical component that can store electrical pressure (voltage) for periods of time.

Color Code A method for marking resistors using colored bands.

Digital Circuit A wide range of circuits in which all inputs and outputs have only two states, such as

high/low.

Diode An electronic device that allows current to flow in only one direction.

Disc Capacitor

A type of capacitor that has low capacitance and is used mostly in high frequency circuits.

Farad, (F) The unit of measure for capacitance.

Feedback To adjust the input to something based on what its output is doing.

Frequency The rate at which something repeats.

Ground A common term for the 0V or “–” side of a battery or generator.

Integrated Circuit A type of circuit in which transistors, diodes, resistors, and capacitors are all

constructed on a semiconductor base.

Kilo- (k) A prefix used in the metric system. It means a thousand of something.

LED Common abbreviation for light emitting diode.

Leads The wires sticking out of an electronic component, used to connect it to the circuit.

Light Emitting Diode A diode made from gallium arsenide that has a turn-on energy so high that light is

generated when current flows through it.

Meg- (M) A prefix used in the metric system. It means a million of something.

Micro- (µ) A prefix used in the metric system. It means one millionth (0.000001) of something.

Milli- (m) A prefix used in the metric system. It means one thousandth (0.001) of something.

NAND Gate A type of digital circuit which gives a HIGH output if some of its inputs are LOW.

NOR Gate A type of digital circuit which gives a HIGH output if none of its inputs are HIGH.

Ohm, (Ω) The unit of measure for resistance.

OR Gate A type of digital circuit which gives a HIGH output if any of its inputs are HIGH.

Oscillator A circuit that uses feedback to generate an AC output.

Printed Circuit Board A board used for mounting electrical components. Components are connected using

metal traces “printed” on the board instead of wires.

Resistance

The electrical friction between an electric current and the material it is flowing through;
the loss of energy from electrons as they move between atoms of the material.

Resistor

Components used to control the flow of electricity in a circuit. They are made of carbon.

Schematic A drawing of an electrical circuit that uses symbols for all the components.

Semiconductor A material that has more resistance than conductors but less than insulators. It is

used to construct diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits.

Series When electrical components are connected one after the other.

Short Circuit When wires from different parts of a circuit (or different circuits) connect accidentally.

Solder A tin-lead metal that becomes a liquid when heated to above 360 degrees. In addition

to having low resistance like other metals, solder also provides a strong mounting that
can withstand shocks.

Switch A device to connect (“closed” or “on”) or disconnect (“open” or “off”) wires in an

electric circuit.

Voltage A measure of how strong an electric charge across a material is.

Voltage Divider A resistor configuration to create a lower voltage.

Volts (V) The unit of measure for voltage.

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

-10-

ELENCO

®

150 Carpenter Avenue

Wheeling, IL 60090

[phone]

Fax: [phone]

Website: www.elenco.com

e-mail: [e-mail]