1Ɉɛɥɨɠɤɚ
ɊɍɋɋɄɂɃ
ɊɍɄɈȼɈȾɋɌȼɈ ɉɈ ɗɄɋɉɅɍȺɌȺɐɂɂ
ɐȿɉɇȺə ȻȿɇɁɈɉɂɅȺ
ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ
ȼɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɣɬɟ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɇɟɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ
ɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦ
ɬɪɚɜɦɚɦ.
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
2ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɰɟɩɧɚɹ ɩɢɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɩɢɥɨɜɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɢɡ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ.
ɇɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɩɢɥɭ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɩɢɥɨɜɤɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ, ɥɢɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ, ɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɵ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
ɧɟɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ.
Ʉɪɚɣɧɟ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɵ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɭɫɜɨɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɢɥɵ.
ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɧɨɣ ɩɢɥɵ ɱɪɟɜɚɬɨ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɦɢ.
ɇɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɣɬɟ
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɨ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ, ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɦɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ, ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɰɟɩɧɨɣ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɵ ECHO.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɩɢɥɵ ɜ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɦ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ, ɜ
ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ.
ɏɪɚɧɢɬɟ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɚɥ ɧɟɪɚɡɛɨɪɱɢɜɵɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɭɬɟɪɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɢɬɟ ɧɨɜɵɣ
ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪ ɭ ɞɢɥɟɪɚ ECHO.
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɚɪɟɧɞɭ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɥɢɰɚɦ, ɩɪɢɨɛɳɢɬɟ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ.
ɉɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɩɪɨɞɚɠɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɣɬɟ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɭ
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɢ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɜ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɧɚ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɧɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɵ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɭɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɇɚ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɚɤɫɟɫɫɭɚɪɵ, ɢ ɜ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɜ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɭɸ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɰɢɸ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ.
ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨ ɫɧɹɬɵɦɢ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɨɣ ɢ ɰɟɩɶɸ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɩɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɲɢɧɭ ɢ ɰɟɩɶ.
ɉɪɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɤɚɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ, ɨɛɪɚɳɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɤ ɞɢɥɟɪɭ
ECHO.
ɞɟɬɹɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɩɢɥɨɣ.
.
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ: "Ʌɟɝɤɢɣ ɡɚɩɭɫɤ"
"Ʌɟɝɤɢɣ ɡɚɩɭɫɤ" ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɜɪɚɳɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɢɥɭ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɟɧɱɚɬɨɝɨ ɜɚɥɚ, ɫ
ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ
"Ʌɟɝɤɢɣ ɡɚɩɭɫɤ" ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɡɚɩɭɫɤ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɝɚɪɚɡɞɨ ɩɪɨɳɟ, ɱɟɦ ȼɵ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɬɟ.
ɩɭɫɤ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ, ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɬɞɚɱɢ.
2
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɇɚɤɥɟɣɤɢ ɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ ......................................................................................................... 4
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ....................................................................................... 5
1. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɦɟɪɵ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ..................................................................................... 5
2. Ɇɟɪɵ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɬ ɨɬɞɚɱɢ .......................................................................................... 7
3. ɉɪɨɱɢɟ ɦɟɪɵ ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ.................................................................................... 8
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ......................................................................................................................... 10
ɋɛɨɪɤɚ.............................................................................................................................. 11
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ ɢ ɰɟɩɢ .............................................................................. 11
ɗɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ .................................................................................................................. 12
Ɍɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɢ ɫɦɚɡɨɱɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ............................................................................ 12
ɋɦɚɡɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɰɟɩɢ ........................................................................................................ 12
ɗɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɡɢɦɧɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ............................................................................. 12
Ɂɚɩɭɫɤ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ..................................................................................... 13
Ɂɚɩɭɫɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɬɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ .................................................................................... 14
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ....................................................................................................... 14
Ɉɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ................................................................................................. 15
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɧɚɬɹɠɤɢ ɰɟɩɢ ............................................................................................. 15
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɩɢɥɟɧɢɹ ........................................................................... 15
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɰɟɩɢ ...................................................................... 16
ɐɟɩɧɨɣ ɬɨɪɦɨɡ ........................................................................................................... 16
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ..................................................................... 17
ȼɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɰɟɩɢ ........................................................................................ 17
Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ (ɧɟ ɪɭɱɧɨɣ) ɬɨɪɦɨɡ ɰɟɩɢ................................................................... 17
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɩɢɥɨɜɤɟ ............................................................................................. 18
Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ................................................................................................ 18
ȼɚɥɤɚ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ.......................................................................................................... 19
Ɉɛɪɟɡɤɚ ɫɭɱɶɟɜ ɢ ɜɟɬɜɟɣ ........................................................................................... 20
Ɋɚɫɤɪɹɠɟɜɤɚ ............................................................................................................... 20
Ɋɚɫɬɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɠɚɬɢɟ ɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɟ ........................................................................... 21
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ .............................................................. 22
ɇɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ..................................................................... 23
ɍɯɨɞ
ɡɚ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɶɸ .................................................................................................. 24
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ........................................................................................... 26
ȼɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɶ .................................................................................................... 26
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ................................................................................. 26
Ɍɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ .................................................................................................... 26
Ɇɚɫɥɹɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ...................................................................................................... 26
ɋɜɟɱɚ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ........................................................................................................ 26
Ɉɯɥɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɪɟɛɪɚ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚ (ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ) ........................................ 27
ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɲɢɧɚ................................................................................................. 27
Ɂɜɟɡɞɨɱɤɚ ................................................................................................................... 27
Ʉɚɪɛɸɪɚɬɨɪ ................................................................................................................ 27
Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɦɚɡɤɢ .............................................................................. 27
Ɂɚɦɟɧɚ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ ɢ ɰɟɩɢ................................................................................... 28
ɏɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ......................................................................................................................... 29
Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ (ɫɜɵɲɟ 30 ɞɧɟɣ) ................................................................... 29
ɍɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ...................................................................................................................... 30
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ......................................................................................... 31
ɫɦɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɩɢ ...................................................................................... 15
3
ɇɚɤɥɟɣɤɢ ɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ
ɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɖ ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ
ɋɢɦɜɨɥ,ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɦɵɣ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɶɸ "ɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɖ",
ɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ,
ɱɪɟɜɚɬɵɟ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɦɟɪɬɶɸ
ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɰ.
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ
"ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ" ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ
ɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ.
ɇɟɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɨ ɫ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɜɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɢ
ɥɟɝɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ.
ɋɢɦɜɨɥ Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ / ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚ ɋɢɦɜɨɥ Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ / ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚ
ɋɢɦɜɨɥ, ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɦɵɣ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɶɸ
"ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ", ɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɢɥɢ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɱɪɟɜɚɬɵɟ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ
ɫɦɟɪɬɶɸ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɰ.
ɉɟɪɟɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɵɣ ɤɪɭɝ
ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ
ɤɪɭɝɟ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɟɧɨ.
ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ
ȼ ɪɚɦɤɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɟ
ɫɨɜɟɬɵ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ, ɭɯɨɞɭ ɢ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ.
ȼɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɬɟɫɶ ɫ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ
ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɫɥɭɯɚ, ɚɬɚɤɠɟ
ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɭɛɨɪ
ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ!
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɞɚɱɢ!
Ⱥɜɚɪɢɣɧɚɹ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɤɚɪɛɸɪɚɬɨɪɚ
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɰɟɩɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɤɚɪɛɸɪɚɬɨɪɚ
Ɍɨɩɥɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɢ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɚ Ƚɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɡɚɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɦɚɫɥɨɦ / ɦɚɫɥɹɧɵɣ
ɧɚɫɨɫ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɦɚɡɤɢ ɰɟɩɢ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɤɚɪɛɸɪɚɬɨɪɚ
- ɋɦɟɫɶ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɜ
- ɋɦɟɫɶ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɜ
- ɏɨɥɨɫɬɨɣ ɯɨɞ
ɡɜɭɤɚ
ɇɚɣɞɢɬɟ ɷɬɭ ɧɚɤɥɟɣɤɭ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɜɚɲɟɦ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɟ.
ɉɨɥɧɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɤɥɟɟɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ "Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ"- ɷɬɨ ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɚɦ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɢɯ ɧɚ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɟ.
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɤɥɟɣɤɢ ɪɚɡɛɨɪɱɢɜɵ,ɫɥɟɞɭɣɬɟ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɧɚɤɥɟɟɤ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɧɟɪɚɡɛɨɪɱɢɜɨɣ, ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɡɚɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɭ ɞɢɥɟɪɚ ECHO.
4
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
1. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɦɟɪɵ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
ȼɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɰɟɩɧɨɣ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɵ.
Ɍɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɬɟɫɶ ɫ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɩɧɨɣ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɵ ɢ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ
ɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ.
ɇɟɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɦ.
ɉɪɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɤ ɞɢɥɟɪɭ ECHO.
Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ
ɗɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɰɟɩɧɨɣ ɩɢɥɵ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɜ ɭɬɨɦɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ, ɚɬɚɤɠɟɜ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɩɶɹɧɟɧɢɹ, ɡɚɩɪɟɳɟɧɚ.
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɥ ɜ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɦ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢ
ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ.
ɇɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɦ ɢɥɢ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɭɯɭɞɲɢɬɶɫɹ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɣ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɟɣ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɩɪɨɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɫ ɜɪɚɱɨɦ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ, ɱɟɦ
ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɤ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɰɟɩɧɨɣ ɩɢɥɵ.
ɇɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɩɢɥɨɣ ɜ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɧɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɭɬɨɦɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ, ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɤɚɤɢɯɥɢɛɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɡɪɟɧɢɟ, ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢ
ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ.
ɋɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ (ɋɂɁ)
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ
ɇɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɚɬɭ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɭɲɟɣ.
ȼ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɝɥɚɡ.
ɓɟɩɤɢ, ɩɵɥɶ, ɥɨɦɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɟɬɤɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɦɭɫɨɪ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɛɪɨɲɟɧɵ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɶɸ ɜ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɥɢɰɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ.
ɋɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɝɥɚɡ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ
ɩɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɰɟɩɶ ɨɬɫɤɨɱɢɬ ɢ ɩɨɩɚɞɟɬ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɭ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɝɥɚɡ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɬɚɤɨɜɵ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɥɢɰɚ, ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɝɥɚɡ ɧɚɞɟɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɦɚɫɤɭ.
ECHO ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬ ɜ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜɫɥɭɯɚ.
ɇɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɨɬɟɪɟ ɫɥɭɯɚ.
Ɋɢɫɤ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɫɥɭɯɚ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚɭɲɧɢɤɨɜ ɥɢɛɨ ɜɤɥɚɞɵɲɟɣ
ɞɥɹ ɭɲɟɣ, ɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ.
ȼɫɟ ɥɢɰɚ,
ȼ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɧɚɞɟɜɚɣɬɟ ɲɥɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɲɚɩɤɭ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɰɟɩɧɨɣ ɩɢɥɨɣ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɟɞɭɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɹɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ, ɝɞɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɭɸ ɤɚɫɤɭ.
ɇɚɞɟɜɚɣɬɟ ɝɪɭɛɵɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɡɹɳɢɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɱɚɬɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɥɭɱɲɟɝɨ ɫɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ
(ɡɚɯɜɚɬɚ)
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɩɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɛɨɬɢɧɤɢ ɫ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɦ ɧɨɫɤɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɫɚɩɨɝɢ ɫ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɡɹɳɟɣ
ɩɨɞɨɲɜɨɣ.
ɇɟ ɧɚɞɟɜɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɭɸ ɨɞɟɠɞɭ, ɧɟɡɚɫɬɟɝɧɭɬɵɟ ɪɭɛɚɲɤɢ, ɪɭɛɚɲɤɢ ɫ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦɢ
ɪɭɤɚɜɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɧɠɟɬɚɦɢ, ɲɚɪɮɵ, ɝɚɥɫɬɭɤɢ, ɭɤɪɚɲɟɧɢɹ, ɰɟɩɨɱɤɢ ɢ ɞɪ., ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɡɚɰɟɩɢɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɰɟɩɧɭɸ ɩɢɥɭ ɢɥɢ ɜɟɬɤɭ.
Ɉɞɟɠɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ
Ɉɞɟɠɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɨ ɨɛɥɟɝɚɬɶ ɬɟɥɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɡɚɰɟɩɢɬɶ ɢ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ ɧɟ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɢɬɶ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ, ɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɧɨɣ, ɧɟ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɬɶ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ.
Ȼɪɸɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦɢ, ɛɟɡ ɨɬɜɨɪɨɬɨɜ; ɢɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɥɢɛɨ ɡɚɩɪɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ
ɝɨɥɟɧɢɳɚ ɫɚɩɨɝ, ɥɢɛɨ ɭɤɨɪɨɬɢɬɶ.
Ɂɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɤɭɪɬɤɢ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɨɝ
ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ - ɜɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɟ.
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ.
ɇɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɩɢɥɨɣ ɜ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɤɭ.
ɉɨɡɚɛɨɬɶɬɟɫɶ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɫɥɵɲɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɤɬɨ-ɬɨ
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɫɹ, ɧɚ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɟɫɥɢ ȼɚɦ ɩɨɧɚɞɨɛɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ.
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɢɥɵ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɭ ɫɥɭɯɚ.
ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɬ ɯɨɥɨɞɚ ɢ ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɢ.
ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ.
ɜɟɧɬɢɥɢɪɭɟɦɭɸ ɦɚɫɤɭ ɞɥɹ
, ɛɪɸɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢɡ
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Ɍɨɩɥɢɜɨ
ɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɖ
Ȼɟɧɡɢɧ ɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɥɟɝɤɨɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ.
ɉɪɨɥɢɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɦ
ɬɪɚɜɦɚɦ ɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɟ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ.
Ȼɭɞɶɬɟ ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɦ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨ ɡɚɤɪɭɬɢɬɟ ɤɪɵɲɤɭ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɤɚ; ɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɧɟɬ ɥɢ
ɩɪɨɬɟɱɤɢ.
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɭɬɟɱɤɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɟ ɟɟ, ɧɟ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɹ
ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɨɠɚɪɭ.
1. ɉɪɨɛɤɚ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɤɚ
2. ɉɪɨɛɤɚ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɤɚ
A: ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɪɭɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɟ ɤɚɧɢɫɬɪɵ.
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɨɝɧɟɬɭɲɢɬɟɥɶ ɢɥɢ ɥɨɩɚɬɭ.
Ⱦɚɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɰɟɩɧɨɣ ɩɢɥɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜ ɥɟɫɭ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ.
ɇɟ ɤɭɪɢɬɟ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɦɟɫɬ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ, ɧɟ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɤ ɧɢɦ ɫ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ
ɨɝɧɹ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɤɪ.
Ɍɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ ɛɚɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ.
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɨɫɥɚɛɢɬɶ ɤɪɵɲɤɭ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɫɧɹɬɶ ɤɪɵɲɤɭ.
Ɂɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɣɬɟ ɛɚɤ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɧɚ ɭɥɢɰɟ ɧɚ ɩɭɫɬɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɡɟɦɥɢ; ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨ
ɡɚɤɪɭɬɢɬɟ ɤɪɵɲɤɭ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɤɚ.
ɇɟ ɡɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɣɬɟ ɛɚɤ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ.
ȼɵɬɢɪɚɣɬɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ, ɩɨɩɚɜɲɟɟ ɧɚ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɬ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ.
ɇɟ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɫ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɜ ɛɚɤɟ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɭɬɟɱɤɚ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɨɠɚɪɭ.
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ.
ɉɭɫɤ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɨɦ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɨɬɨɣɞɢɬɟ ɫ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɨɣ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɧɚ 3 ɦɟɬɪɚ ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɚ
ɡɚɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ.
ɇɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɣɬɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɰɟɩɧɨɣɩɢɥɨɣ.
ɋɥɟɞɢɬɟ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɟ ɥɸɞɢ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɡɨɧɵ.
ɇɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɣɬɟ ɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɢɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ.
ɇɟ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɚɣɬɟ ɤ ɩɢɥɟɧɢɸ, ɩɨɤɚ ɧɟ
ɨɩɨɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɨɝ ɢ ɩɭɬɶ ɨɬɯɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɡɨɧɵ ɩɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ.
ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɱɟɦ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɭ, ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɰɟɩɶ ɧɟ ɫɨɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɦɢ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ.
ɋɥɟɞɢɬɟ ɡɚ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɢ ɩɢɥɵ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɭɯɢɦɢ, ɱɢɫɬɵɦɢ ɛɟɡ ɫɥɟɞɨɜ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɢ
ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚɣɬɟ ɫ ɰɟɩɧɨɣ ɩɢɥɨɣ
ȼɵɯɥɨɩɧɵɟ ɝɚɡɵ, ɦɟɥɤɚɹ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɚɹ ɩɵɥɶ (ɨɬ ɫɦɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɢɥɵ) ɢɨɩɢɥɤɢɜɪɟɞɧɵ
ɞɥɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ.
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ.
ɪɚɫɱɢɳɟɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɧɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɵ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɚɹ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ
Ɍɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ
1. ɑɟɯɨɥ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ
ɉɪɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɰɟɩɧɨɣ ɩɢɥɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɱɟɯɨɥ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ.
ɉɟɪɟɧɨɫɤɚ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɢɧɚ ɢ ɩɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɰɟɩɶ ɛɵɥɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚɡɚɞ ɢ ɝɥɭɲɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɨɬ ȼɚɫ.
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2. Ɇɟɪɵ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɬ ɨɬɞɚɱɢ
ɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɖ
Ɇɟɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɞɚɱɢ: ɨɬɞɚɱɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɬɶ
ɩɪɢ ɤɚɫɚɧɢɢ ɧɨɫɤɨɦ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ-ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɳɟɦɥɟɧɢɢ
ɰɟɩɧɨɣ ɩɢɥɵ ɜ ɪɟɡɟ.
ȼ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɫɤɚ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ
ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɭɞɚɪ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɲɢɧɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɨɬɛɪɨɲɟɧɚ ɧɚɡɚɞ ɢ ɜɜɟɪɯ ɩɨ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɭ (ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɬɢɩ ɨɬɞɚɱɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɪɚɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ).
Ɂɚɳɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɩɢ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɜɟɪɯɚ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɩɢɥɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɨɬɛɪɨɲɟɧɚ ɧɚɡɚɞ, ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɦ).
Ʌɸɛɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɫɤɨɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɨɬɟɪɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚɞ ɩɢɥɨɣ, ɢɤɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭɫ
ɞɜɢɠɭɳɟɣɫɹ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɶɸ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɦɢ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɦɢ.
ȼɨ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɢ ɬɪɚɜɦ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɪɹɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɨ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɂɦɟɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɨɬɞɚɱɟ ɩɢɥɵ, ɜɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɫɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɭ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ
ɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ- ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚ ɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ.
ɉɨɦɧɢɬɟ, ɜɪɚɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɬɞɚɱɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ, ɢɡɛɟɝɚɹ ɤɚɫɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɧɨɫɢɤɚ ɲɢɧɵ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɡɟɦɥɟɣ.
ɇɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɣɬɟ ɰɟɩɧɨɣ ɩɢɥɨɣ, ɞɟɪɠɚ ɟɟ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɪɭɤɨɣ.
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɪɭɤɨɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɟ ɬɪɚɜɦɵ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ, ɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤɨɜ
ɢɥɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɯ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɣɬɟ ɰɟɩɧɨɣ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɦ.
ȼ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɢɥɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɫɤɨɥɶɡɧɭɬɶ ɢɡ ɪɭɤ, ɢɥɢ ɟɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɭɜɟɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɦ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚɞ ɩɢɥɨɣ.
ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɪɟɩɤɨ ɞɟɪɠɢɬɟ ɩɢɥɭ ɨɛɟɢɦɢ ɪɭɤɚɦɢ: ɩɪɚɜɚɹ ɪɭɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɡɚɞɧɸɸ
ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɭ, ɚ ɥɟɜɚɹ - ɩɟɪɟɞɧɸɸ
ȼɫɟ ɩɚɥɶɰɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨ ɢ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɢ ɩɢɥɵ.
ɗɬɨ ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɨɬɞɚɱɭ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɧɚɞ ɩɢɥɨɣ.
ȼɫɟɝɞɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɢɥɨɣ ɨɛɟɢɦɢ ɪɭɤɚɦɢ - ɷɬɨ ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɧɚɞ ɩɢɥɨɣ.
.
ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ (ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɬɢɩ ɨɬɞɚɱɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɩɢɥɨɣ ɨɛɟɢɦɢ ɪɭɤɚɦɢ, ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɇɟ ɬɹɧɢɬɟɫɶ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɢɥɢɬɟ ɜɵɲɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɝɪɭɞɢ.
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɚ ɨɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ.
ɇɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɣɬɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɧɨɫɤɚ ɲɢɧɵ ɫ ɛɪɟɜɧɚɦɢ, ɜɟɬɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɢɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵ
ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɡɚɞɟɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɨɣ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɢɥɨɣ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ
ɨɬɞɚɱɢ.
ɉɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚɯɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɟɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɥɨɣ ɜ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɢ
ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɞɚɱɢ.
ɋɥɟɞɭɣɬɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɨ ɡɚɬɨɱɤɟ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸɩɢɥɶɧɨɣɰɟɩɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɲɢɧɵ ɢ ɰɟɩɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦ, ɢɥɢ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢ.
7
3. ɉɪɨɱɢɟ ɦɟɪɵ ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ȼɢɛɪɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɯɨɥɨɞ
ɋɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɶ ɩɨɞ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɢɧɞɪɨɦ Ɋɟɣɧɨ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɩɚɥɶɰɵ ɪɭɤ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɜɵɡɜɚɧɚ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɯɨɥɨɞɚ ɢ ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɢ.
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɚ ECHO ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɚ ɜɢɛɪɨɢɡɨɥɹɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
ɉɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɯɨɥɨɞɚ ɢ ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɚɥɶɰɚɯ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɥɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɠɚɪɚ, ɡɚɬɟɦ
ɩɚɥɶɰɵ ɛɥɟɞɧɟɸɬ ɢ ɧɟɦɟɸɬ
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ
ɫɩɪɨɜɨɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɥɨɯɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɟɪɠɢɬɟ ɬɟɥɨ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɟ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɝɨɥɨɜɭ ɢ ɲɟɸ, ɫɬɭɩɧɢ ɢ ɥɨɞɵɠɤɢ, ɤɢɫɬɢ ɪɭɤ ɢ ɡɚɩɹɫɬɶɹ.
ɉɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɯɨɪɨɲɭɸ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɸ ɤɪɨɜɢ, ɱɚɫɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɵɜɵ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɱɧɵɟ
ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɭɤ.
Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɶɬɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɨɣ.
ɉɥɚɧɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ
ɉɪɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɞɢɫɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɚ, ɩɨɤɪɚɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɟɤɚ ɜ ɩɚɥɶɰɚɯ, ɡɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɬ
ɛɥɟɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɨɧɟɦɟɧɢɟ (ɩɨɬɟɪɹ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ), ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ ɤ ɜɪɚɱɭ.
Ɍɪɚɜɦɵ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ
ɋɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɯɨɠɢɥɢɣ ɢ ɦɵɲɰ ɩɚɥɶɰɟɜ, ɪɭɤ ɢ ɩɥɟɱ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ
ɤ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹɦ, ɨɬɟɤɚɦ, ɨɧɟɦɟɧɢɸ, ɫɥɚɛɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɛɨɥɹɦ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɬɪɚɜɦ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ, ɫɥɟɞɭɣɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɢɠɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ:
ɇɟ ɫɝɢɛɚɣɬɟ ɢ ɧɟ ɪɚɫɬɹɝɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɡɚɩɹɫɬɶɟ.
ɋɬɚɪɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɡɚɩɹɫɬɶɟ ɩɪɹɦɨ.
ɍɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɩɢɥɭ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɩɚɥɶɰɚɦɢ, ɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ.
ɉɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɭɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɪɵɜɵ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɢ ɞɚɬɶ ɨɬɞɨɯɧɭɬɶ
ɪɭɤɚɦ.
ɍɦɟɧɶɲɚɣɬɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ.
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɣɬɟ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɵɲɰ ɪɭɤ ɢ ɤɢɫɬɟɣ.
Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ ɤ ɜɪɚɱɭ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɳɭɳɚɟɬɟ ɩɨɤɚɥɵɜɚɧɢɟ, ɨɧɟɦɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɶ ɜ ɩɚɥɶɰɚɯ ɪɭɤ, ɡɚɩɹɫɬɶɹɯ
ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɥɟɱɶɹɯ.
Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɚ ȿɋ «ȼɢɛɪɚɰɢɹ»
Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɚ ȿɋ « ȼɢɛɪɚɰɢɹ» (2002/44/EC) ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɨɬ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɸ
ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɹ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɞɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɢ 8 ɱɚɫɨɜ, Ⱥ(8).
Ʌɸɛɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɢɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ɧɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ Ⱥ(8) ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ.
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɣ (ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɢ) ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ Ⱥ(8),
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɢɠɟ:
.
ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɨɜɦɟɳɚɬɶ ɩɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɜɢɞɚɦɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ɍɢɩ ɆɈȾȿɅɂ
ɉɟɪɟɞɧɹɹ / ɥɟɜɚɹ ɪɭɱɤɚ (ɦ/ɫ
Ɂɚɞɧɹɹ / ɩɪɚɜɚɹ ɪɭɱɤɚ (ɦ/ɫ2)3,7
2
)3,7
8
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ
ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ
ɇɟ ɜɧɨɫɢɬɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ ɩɢɥɵ.
Ⱦɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɡɚɩɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ECHO, ɥɢɛɨ
ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɧɵɯ ECHO ɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɦ.
ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɦɢ
ECHO, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɦ.
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɢɥɭ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ
ɨɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ, ɧɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɧɚɞɟɠɧɨ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɚ.
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɢɥɭ ɫ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɵɦ ɝɥɭɲɢɬɟɥɟɦ.
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɰɟɩɶ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɬɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɤɭɪɨɤ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɢ.
ɉɢɥɟɧɢɟ
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ
ɇɟ ɞɨɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɞɨ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɪɵɲɤɢ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚ ɢ ɝɥɭɲɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɨɣ.
ɇɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɢɥɨɣ ɧɚ ɞɟɪɟɜɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɵ.
ɉɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɦ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟ ɞɟɪɠɢɬɟ ɩɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɰɟɩɶ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɟ ɨɬ ɫɟɛɹ.
Ȼɭɞɶɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɟɡɤɟ ɦɟɥɤɨɝɨ ɤɭɫɬɚɪɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ
ɬɨɧɤɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɡɚɫɬɪɹɬɶ ɜ ɰɟɩɢ ɢ ɡɚɞɟɬɶ ɜɚɫ, ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɨɬɟɪɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ.
Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɹ ɜɚɥɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɩɢɥ
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɤɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɪɟɜɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɚɫɩɢɥɚ.
ɉɪɢ ɨɛɪɟɡɤɟ ɧɚɬɹɧɭɬɵɯ ɜɟɬɜɟɣ ɢ ɫɭɱɶɟɜ ɛɭɞɶɬɟ ɝɨɬɨɜɵ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɬɫɤɨɱɢɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɬɹɠɤɢ.
ɉɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɰɟ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɨɩɚɫɧɨ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɰɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ ɢ ɜ
ɬɚɤɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɧɚɞ
ȼɵɫɨɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ.
Ʉɪɟɩɤɨ ɫɬɨɣɬɟ ɧɚ ɞɜɭɯ ɧɨɝɚɯ.
ɇɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɣɬɟ ɜ ɩɨɞɜɟɲɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ / ɧɚɞ ɡɟɦɥɟɣ.
ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɱɟɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɩɢɥɭ, ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ.
ɢɥɢ ɨɛɪɟɡɤɭ ɜɟɬɜɟɣ ɢ ɫɭɱɶɟɜ, ɫɬɨɣɬɟ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɛɪɟɜɧɚ,
ɩɢɥɨɣ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧ.
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɨɣ
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɰɟɩɧɨɣ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɨɣ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɢɥɚ
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɡɧɚɥ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɰɟɩɧɨɣ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɰɟɩɧɨɣ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɨɣ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɢɥɟɧɢɹ.
Ʌɢɰɚ, ɧɟ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɢ ɧɟ ɭɫɜɨɢɜɲɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɭɸɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɦ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɤ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɰɟɩɧɭɸ ɩɢɥɭ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɩɢɥɨɜɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɢɡ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ.
ɇɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɩɢɥɭ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɩɢɥɨɜɤɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ, ɥɢɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ,
ɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɵ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɟɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ.
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɢɥɵ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ.
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ
ȼɫɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɯ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɯ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ.
(ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɚɯɨɜɢɤ ɩɪɢ
ɫɧɹɬɢɢ ɫɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ ɦɚɯɨɜɢɤɚ ɢ ɨɧ ɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɜɡɨɪɜɚɬɶɫɹ.)
9
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ
1. Ɂɭɛɱɚɬɵɣ ɭɩɨɪ - ɉɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɟ, ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ
ɦɟɫɬɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ ɢɡ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ
ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɨɩɨɪɵ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɩɢɥɵ ɫ
ɞɟɪɟɜɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɛɪɟɜɧɨɦ.
2. Ƚɥɭɲɢɬɟɥɶ - ɋɥɭɠɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɲɭɦɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ
ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɢ ɝɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɤɪ.
3. ɉɟɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɣ ɳɢɬɨɤ - ɓɢɬɨɤ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɪɭɱɤɨɣ ɩɢɥɵ ɢ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɶɸ,
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɪɭɤɢ
ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɳɢɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɧɚɞ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɨɣ ɜ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɪɭɤɚ ɫɨɫɤɨɥɶɡɧɟɬ ɫ ɪɭɱɤɢ.
ɗɬɨɬ ɳɢɬɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ
ɰɟɩɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ.
4. Ɋɭɱɤɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɨɣ -
ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɣ
ɫɦɟɫɢ ɜ ɤɚɪɛɸɪɚɬɨɪɟ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɫɤɚ
ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.
5. Ɂɚɞɧɹɹ ɪɭɱɤɚ (ɞɥɹ
ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɢɥɵ; ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɡɚɞɧɟɣ
ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɠɭɯɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.
6. Ɂɚɞɧɢɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɣ ɳɢɬɨɤ - ɍɞɥɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɡɚɞɧɟɣ ɪɭɱɤɢ ɩɢɥɵ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɪɭɤɢ ɨɬ ɰɟɩɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ ɰɟɩɢ ɢɥɢ ɟɟ ɫɨɫɤɨɤɚ ɫ ɤɚɧɚɜɨɤ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ
ɲɢɧɵ.
7. Ʉɨɠɭɯ ɫɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ - Ɂɚɳɢɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɠɭɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ
ɲɢɧɵ, ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ, ɮɪɢɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɭɮɬɵ ɫɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɢɩɪɢɜɨɞɚɰɟɩɢ (ɡɜɟɡɞɨɱɤɢ) ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ.
8. ɍɥɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɰɟɩɢ - ɉɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɟ,
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɟɞɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɪɭɤɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ
ɨɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɭɞɚɪɚ ɰɟɩɶɸ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ ɰɟɩɢ
ɢɥɢ ɟɟ ɫɯɨɞɚ ɫ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɤɚɧɚɜɨɤ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ
ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɢɥɟɧɢɹ.
9. Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɩɢ - ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɩɢ.
10. ɉɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɢɧɚ - Ⱦɟɬɚɥɶ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ
ɩɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɰɟɩɶ, ɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɰɟɩɶ.
11. ɉɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɰɟɩɶ - ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɪɟɠɭɳɟɝɨ
ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ.
ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɪɭɤɢ) - Ɋɭɱɤɚ ɞɥɹ
ɨɬ ɬɪɚɜɦ ɢ
12. ɉɪɨɛɤɚ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɤɚ - ɋɥɭɠɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɧɢɹ
ɦɚɫɥɹɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɤɚ.
13. Ɋɭɤɨɹɬɤɚ ɫɬɚɪɬɟɪɚ - ɋɥɭɠɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɩɭɫɤɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.
("Ʌɟɝɤɢɣ ɡɚɩɭɫɤ")
14. ɉɪɨɛɤɚ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɤɚ - ɋɥɭɠɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɧɢɹ
ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɤɚ.
15. Ʉɭɪɨɤ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɹ - ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɟ
ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɩɚɥɶɰɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚɦɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.
16. Ȼɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɤɭɪɤɚ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɹ - Ɂɚɳɢɬɧɨɟ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɤɭɪɤɚ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɹ; ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɭɪɨɤ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɹ.
17. ȼɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ - ɉɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ
ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.
18. Ɏɢɤɫɚɬɨɪ ɤɪɵɲɤɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɹ - ɋɥɭɠɢɬ
ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɤɪɵɲɤɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɹ.
19. Ʉɪɵɲɤɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɹ - Ɂɚɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ
ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ.
20. ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɚɤɥɟɣɤɚ - ɇɨɦɟɪ ɩɨ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɭ
890345-39231
21. ɉɟɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɪɭɱɤɚ (ɞɥɹ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɪɭɤɢ) - Ɋɭɱɤɚ ɞɥɹ
ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɢɥɵ; ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɤɨɠɭɯɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.
22. Ʉɨɠɭɯ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ - Ɋɟɲɟɬɤɚ, ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ.
Ʉɨɠɭɯ ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪ, ɫɜɟɱɭ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɢ
ɝɥɭɲɢɬɟɥɶ.
23. Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ - ɉɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɟ ɫ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ.
ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɫɜɨɢɬɶ
ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟ ɤɚɤ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ.
24. ɂɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ - 13 x 19 ɦɦ T-ɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɤɥɸɱ
(ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɪɬɤɚ / ɫɜɟɱɧɨɣ ɤɥɸɱ), ɦɚɥɚɹ
ɨɬɜɟɪɬɤɚ, 3-ɦɦ ɢ 4-ɦɦ ɲɟɫɬɢɝɪɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɥɸɱ.
25. Ʉɨɠɭɯ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ - ɉɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɹ
ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ ɢ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɰɟɩɧɚɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ.
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ
ɩɢɥɚ ɧɟ
10
ɋɛɨɪɤɚ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ ɢ ɰɟɩɢ
ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ
ȼ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɥɸɛɨɣɢɡ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɢɠɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ.
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ
1. ȼɫɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɦ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟ.
2. ɇɚɞɟɜɚɣɬɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɱɚɬɤɢ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɹ ɫ ɰɟɩɶɸ.
3. ɇɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɣɬɟ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɨɣ ɫ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɶɸ.
ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɪɵɱɚɝ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɰɟɩɢ (ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɣ ɳɢɬɨɤ) ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚɡɚɞ ɞɥɹ ɫɧɹɬɢɹ ɢɥɢ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɤɪɵɲɤɢ ɦɭɮɬɵ ɫɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɰɟɩɧɭɸ ɩɢɥɭ.
1. Ɉɫɜɨɛɨɞɢɬɟ ɬɨɪɦɨɡ ɰɟɩɢ
2. Ⱦɜɟ ɝɚɣɤɢ
3. Ʉɨɠɭɯ ɫɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ ɢ ɰɟɩɢ.
Ɉɬɜɢɧɬɢɬɟ ɞɜɟ ɝɚɣɤɢ ɢ ɫɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɤɪɵɲɤɭ ɦɭɮɬɵ.
4. ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɲɢɧɚ
5. Ɇɭɮɬɚ ɫɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɲɢɧɭ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɝɚɣɬɟ ɟɟ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɦɭɮɬɵ ɫɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɰɟɩɢ.
6. ɉɚɡɨɜɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɜ ɲɢɧɟ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɩɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɰɟɩɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ.
(ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɡɭɛɰɵ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɵ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ)
Ɉɬɩɭɫɬɢɬɟ ɬɨɪɦɨɡ ɰɟɩɢ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɤɪɵɲɤɭ ɫɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɲɬɵɪɶ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ.
Ɂɚɬɹɧɢɬɟ ɞɜɟ ɝɚɣɤɢ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ.
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɩɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɩɚɡɨɜɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ.
7. Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɩɢ
8. ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɬɹɠɤɢ ɰɟɩɢ
ɉɨɞɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɧɨɫɨɤ ɲɢɧɵ, ɢ ɜɪɚɳɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ
ɰɟɩɶ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɥɨɬɧɨ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɬɶ ɤ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ.
A: ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɟ
B: ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɟ
ɰɟɩɢ ɩɨ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɟ, ɩɨɤɚ
Ɂɚɬɹɧɢɬɟ ɨɛɟ ɝɚɣɤɢ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɨɫɨɤ ɩɢɥɵ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɜɜɟɪɯ.
Ɋɭɤɨɣ ɩɨɬɹɧɢɬɟ ɰɟɩɶ, ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɹ ɟɟ ɩɨ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɟ.
Ɉɫɥɚɛɶɬɟ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɩɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɚ.
11
ɗɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ
Ɍɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɢ ɫɦɚɡɨɱɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ
ȼɫɟɝɞɚ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɹɣɬɟ ɩɪɨɛɤɭ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɤɚ, ɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɩɨɤɚ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɛɚɤɟ
ɜɵɪɨɜɧɢɬɫɹ ɫ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɦ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɨɛɤɭ.
Ɍɨɩɥɢɜɨ - ɷɬɨ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɦɚɫɥɨɦ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ
ɞɥɹ 2-ɬɚɤɬɧɵɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɦ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ.
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɛɟɧɡɢɧ ɫ ɨɤɬɚɧɨɜɵɦ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 89.
ɇɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɟ ɦɟɬɢɥɨɜɵɣ ɫɩɢɪɬ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ 10ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɷɬɢɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɪɬɚ.
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɹ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ; 50 : 1 (2 %) ɞɥɹ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ISO-L-EGD ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ
(ISO/CD 13738), ɭɪɨɜɧɹ JASO FC, FD
- ɇɟ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɦ ɛɚɤɟ.
- ɇɟ ɩɪɨɥɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɛɟɧɡɢɧ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɫɥɨ.
ȼɵɬɢɪɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɨɥɢɬɨɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ.
- Ɉɛɪɚɳɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɫ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɦ ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨ - ɨɧ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ.
- ɏɪɚɧɢɬɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɣ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ.
ɋɦɚɡɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɰɟɩɢ
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɦɚɡɤɚ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɢɥɵ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ
ɰɟɩɶɸ ɢ ɲɢɧɨɣ, ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɹ ɞɨɥɝɢɣ ɫɪɨɤ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɦɚɫɥɨ.
ɇɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɦɚɫɥɨ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɦɚɪɤɢ, ɦɚɫɥɨ ɫ ɢɫɬɟɤɲɢɦ ɫɪɨɤɨɦ ɝɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɟ
ɦɚɫɥɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɫɬɪɨɹ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ.
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɥɝɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ.
ȼ
SAE 30...ɥɟɬɨɦ
SAE 10...ɡɢɦɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɫɦɨɥɵ
ɗɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɡɢɦɧɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɢ ECHO ɉɪɟɦɢɭɦ 50 : 1 ɦɚɫɥɚ.
ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ
ɉɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ 5 ºC ɢɥɢ ɧɢɠɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɭɸ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɭ ɜ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ (ɦɟɬɤɨɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɧɟɝɨɜɢɤɚ ɜɜɟɪɯ).
ɉɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɜɵɲɟ 5 ºC ɜɟɪɧɢɬɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɭɸ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɭ ɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ.
ɇɟɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɭ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.
1. ȼɨɡɞɭɲɧɚɹ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɚ
2. ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɝɨɞɵ (ɦɟɬɤɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɧɟɝɨɜɢɤɚ)
3. ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɣ ɩɨɝɨɞɵ (ɦɟɬɤɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɨɥɧɰɚ)
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɛɨɟɜ ɤɚɪɛɸɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɡɢɦɧɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɭɸ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɭ.
ɉɨɬɹɧɢɬɟ ɪɭɱɤɭ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɢ ɢ ɫɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɫɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɤɪɵɲɤɭ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɜɨɡ-
ɞɭɲɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ.
ɂɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɭɸ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɭ ɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɟɟ ɦɟɬɤɨɣ ɜ
Ⱦɥɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɜɵɲɟ 5 ºC ɜɟɪɧɢɬɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɭɸ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɭ ɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ (ɦɟɬɤɨɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɨɥɧɰɚ ɜɜɟɪɯ).
ɜɢɞɟ ɫɧɟɝɨɜɢɤɚ ɜɜɟɪɯ.
12
Ɂɚɩɭɫɤ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ
ȿɫɥɢ ɪɭɱɤɭ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɢ ɜɵɬɹɧɭɬɶ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ ɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ,
ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɶ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɦ (ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɚ ɩɪɢɨɬɤɪɵɬɚ).
ȿɫɥɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɡɚɩɭɳɟɧ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɟ, ɰɟɩɶ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɶɫɹ.
Ɂɚɩɭɫɤɚɣɬɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɟ ɰɟɩɢ.
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ
1. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɢ ɨɬɩɭɫɬɢɬɟ ɤɭɪɨɤ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɢ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɮɢɤɫɚɬɨɪ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɹ ɢ ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɚ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɵ
ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ.
ɇɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɞɚɣɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɣ ɳɢɬɨɤ ɤ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɭ.
(Ɍɨɪɦɨɡ ɰɟɩɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɟɧ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ȼɕɄɅɘɑȿɇ)
2. ɇɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɬɨɪɦɨɡ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ.
3. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɬɨɪɦɨɡ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ
ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ.
4. ɇɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɩɪɢɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɢɥɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.
ɡɚɩɭɫɤɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɢɥɢ ɜ
ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ
ɇɟ ɜɵɬɹɝɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɲɧɭɪ ɫɬɚɪɬɟɪɚ ɧɚ ɜɫɸ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɥɢɧɭ.
ɇɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɣɬɟ ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɟ ɫɬɚɪɬɟɪɚ ɭɞɚɪɹɬɶ ɩɨ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɭ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɢ ɲɧɭɪɚ.
A: Ɋɭɤɨɹɬɤɚ ɫɬɚɪɬɟɪɚ
1. Ɍɨɪɦɨɡ ɰɟɩɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɟɧ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ȼɄɅɘɑȿɇ
2. ȼɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ (Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ)
3. Ɋɭɱɤɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɨɣ (Ɂɚɤɪɵɬɨ)
4. Ɋɭɱɤɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɨɣ (Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɨ)
ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ ɛɚɤ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɶɸ.
ɇɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɛɚɤ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ.
ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɫɦɚɡɤɨɣ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ.
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɣ ɳɢɬɨɤ ɜɩɟɪɟɞ.
(Ɍɨɪɦɨɡ ɰɟɩɢ
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ.
ɉɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɵɞɜɢɧɶɬɟ ɪɭɱɤɭ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɢ.
Ʉɪɟɩɤɨ ɞɟɪɠɢɬɟ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɭ.
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨɩɢɥɶɧɚɹɲɢɧɚɢɩɢɥɶɧɚɹɰɟɩɶɧɢɱɟɝɨɧɟɤɚɫɚɸɬɫɹɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.
ɇɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ ɞɟɪɧɢɬɟ ɡɚ ɪɭɱɤɭ ɫɬɚɪɬɟɪɚ, ɩɨɤɚ ɧɟ ɭɫɥɵɲɢɬɟ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɡɜɭɤɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.
ȼɟɪɧɢɬɟ ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɭ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣ
ɋɧɨɜɚ ɞɟɪɧɢɬɟ ɡɚ ɪɭɱɤɭ ɫɬɚɪɬɟɪɚ.
ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɟɧ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ȼɄɅɘɑȿɇ)
ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɢ ɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɫɥɟɝɤɚ ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɤɭɪɨɤ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɹ.
Ⱦɪɨɫɫɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɚ ɨɬɩɭɫɬɢɬɫɹ, ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɟɪɟɣɞɟɬ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ.
ɋɪɚɡɭ ɠɟ ɩɨɬɹɧɢɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɳɢɬɨɤ ɤ ɫɟɛɟ.
Ɍɨɪɦɨɡ ɰɟɩɢ ɈɌɉɍɓȿɇ.
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Ɂɚɩɭɫɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɬɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
1. Ɍɨɪɦɨɡ ɰɟɩɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɟɧ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ȼɄɅɘɑȿɇ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɦ ɛɚɤɟ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ, ɚ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧ
ɫɦɚɡɤɨɣ.
Ɍɨɥɤɧɢɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɣ ɳɢɬɨɤ ɜɩɟɪɟɞ.
(Ɍɨɪɦɨɡ ɰɟɩɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɟɧ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ȼɄɅɘɑȿɇ)
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ.
Ʉɪɟɩɤɨ ɞɟɪɠɢɬɟ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɭ.
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɢɧɚ ɢ ɩɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɰɟɩɶ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɤɚɫɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.
Ⱦɟɪɧɢɬɟ ɡɚ ɪɭɱɤɭ ɫɬɚɪɬɟɪɚ.
ȼɨɡɞɭɲɧɭɸ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ, ɧɨɩɨɫɥɟɩɟɪɜɨɝɨɡɜɭɤɚ
ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɤɭɪɨɤ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɪɭɱɤɭ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɢ ɜɵɬɹɧɭɬɶ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ ɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɶ
ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɦ (ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɚ ɩɪɢɨɬɤɪɵɬɚ).
ȿɫɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɚɹ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɚ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɹ.
Ⱦɪɨɫɫɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɚ ɨɬɩɭɫɬɢɬɫɹ, ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɟɪɟɣɞɟɬ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ.
ɋɪɚɡɭ ɠɟ ɩɨɬɹɧɢɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɳɢɬɨɤ ɤ ɫɟɛɟ.
Ɍɨɪɦɨɡ ɰɟɩɢ ɈɌɉɍɓȿɇ.
ɫɥɟɝɤɚ ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɤɭɪɨɤ
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
1. Ɍɨɪɦɨɡ ɰɟɩɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɟɧ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ȼɕɄɅɘɑȿɇ
2. Ȼɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɤɭɪɤɚ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɢ
3. Ʉɭɪɨɤ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɢ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɭɫɤɚ ɞɚɣɬɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɸ ɩɨɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɢɧɭɬ ɧɚ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɦ ɯɨɞɭ.
ɋɪɚɡɭ ɠɟ ɩɨɬɹɧɢɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɣ ɳɢɬɨɤ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ.
(Ɍɨɪɦɨɡ ɰɟɩɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɟɧ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ȼɕɄɅɘɑȿɇ)
ɉɥɚɜɧɨ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɣɬɟ ɤɭɪɨɤ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɹ ɞɥɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɟɧɱɚɬɨɝɨ ɜɚɥɚ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
ɐɟɩɶ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ 3800 ɨɛ/ɦɢɧ.
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɰɟɩɶ ɢ ɲɢɧɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫɦɚɡɚɧɵ.
ɇɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚɯ ɛɟɡ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ.
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɰɟɩɶ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɵ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɟ ɤɭɪɨɤ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɹ.
.
14
Ɉɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ
ȿɫɥɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɵɞɜɢɧɶɬɟ ɪɭɱɤɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣ
ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.
ȼɟɪɧɢɬɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɟ ɚɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɞɢɥɟɪɭ ECHO ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ
ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɵɦ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɨɦ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.
1. Ʉɭɪɨɤ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɢ
2. ȼɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ
Ɉɬɩɭɫɬɢɬɟ ɤɭɪɨɤ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɹ ɢ ɞɚɣɬɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɸ ɩɨɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɦ ɯɨɞɭ.
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɧɚɬɹɠɤɢ ɰɟɩɢ
ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ
ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɟ ɧɚɬɹɠɤɢ ɰɟɩɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ.
ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɩɨɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɩɢ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɹɣɬɟ ɝɚɣɤɢ ɤɪɵɲɤɢ ɮɪɢɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɦɭɮɬɵ ɫɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɦɭɮɬɚ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɵ.
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɬɶ ɧɚɬɹɠɤɭ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɟ,
ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ.
ɇɚɬɹɝɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɰɟɩɶ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ, ɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɣɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɰɟɩɶ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɥɟɝɤɨ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɪɭɤɨɣ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɲɢɧɵ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɫɦɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɩɢ
Ⱦɟɪɠɢɬɟ ɰɟɩɶ ɧɚɞ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɨɬɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɭ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ
ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɟɧɱɚɬɨɝɨ ɜɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɭ ɨɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɢ ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɦ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ 30 ɫɟɤɭɧɞ.
Ɍɨɧɤɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ "ɜɵɛɪɨɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ" ɦɚɫɥɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɩɢɥɟɧɢɹ
ɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɬɟɫɶ ɫ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɩɢɥɟɧɢɸ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ ɩɨɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɧɚ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɛɪɟɜɧɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɜɟɬɤɚɯ.
ɇɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɣɬɟ ɥɸɞɹɦ ɢɥɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɡɨɧɟ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ: ɋɨɛɥɸɞɚɣɬɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɭɸ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɸ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ.
15
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɰɟɩɢ
ɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɖ
ɗɮɮɟɤɬ ɨɬɞɚɱɢ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɨɩɚɫɟɧ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɧɨɫɨɤ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ ɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ,
ɲɢɧɚ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɬɫɤɨɱɢɬ ɧɚɡɚɞ.
Ɍɨɪɦɨɡ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɪɢɫɤ ɬɪɚɜɦ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɨɬɞɚɱɢ.
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɣɬɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ
ɰɟɩɢ.
ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ
Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɪɚɫɩɢɥɢɜɚɹ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ, ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɬɨɪɦɨɡ ɰɟɩɢ,
ɬɨɥɤɧɭɜ ɜɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɣ ɳɢɬɨɤ.
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɣɬɟ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɰɟɩɢ.
Ɂɚɫɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɩɢ ɨɩɢɥɤɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɳɟɩɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɰɟɩɢ.
ȼɫɟɝɞɚ ɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ.
ɇɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɵ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɬɨɪɦɨɡ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ.
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɬɨɪɦɨɡ
ɇɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɛɟɡ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɟ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɭ, ɬɨɪɦɨɡ ɰɟɩɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɛɵɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɨɬɩɭɫɬɢɬɟ ɬɨɪɦɨɡ.
ɇɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɭ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ, ɝɞɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɩɚɪɵ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɚ.
ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɜ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ.
ɐɟɩɧɨɣ ɬɨɪɦɨɡ
Ɍɨɪɦɨɡ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɩɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɨɬɞɚɱɢ.
ɇɟ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɣɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɬɨɪɦɨɡ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɢɬ ɨɬ ɨɬɞɚɱɢ.
ɇɟ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɣɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɬɨɪɦɨɡ ɰɟɩɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɢɬ ɨɬ ɨɬɞɚɱɢ.
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɰɟɩɢ, ɩɨɥɚɝɚɣɬɟɫɶ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɧɚ ɡɞɪɚɜɵɣ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɬɚɤ, ɤɚɤ ɛɭɞɬɨ ɭ ɩɢɥɵ ɧɟɬ
Ⱦɚɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɭɯɨɞɟ ɡɚɧɢɦ, ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɭɞɥɢɧɹɬɶɫɹ.
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɵ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɦɟɲɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ
ɡɚɳɢɬɢɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ:
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɢɥɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ, ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɟɟ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɛɥɢɡɤɨ ɤ
ɬɟɥɭ.
Ɉɬɞɚɱɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɣ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɨɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɧɟɟ, ɞɚɠɟ ɩɪɢ
ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɦ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɟ.
Ɋɭɤɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɟ ɛɵɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɟ ɫ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɦ ɳɢɬɤɨɦ.
Ɍɨɪɦɨɡ ɧɟ ɫɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ.
ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɭɯɨɞ ɡɚ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɭɞɥɢɧɹɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɩɢ, ɞɟɥɚɹ ɬɨɪɦɨɡ ɦɟɧɟɟ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ.
ɉɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɹɡɢ, ɫɦɚɡɤɢ, ɦɚɫɥɚ, ɫɦɨɥɵ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɜ ɞɜɢɠɭɳɢɟɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ
ɤɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ
ɂɡɧɨɫ ɩɪɭɠɢɧɵ, ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɬɨɪɦɨɡ, ɭɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɩɪɭɠɢɧɵ, ɚɬɚɤɠɟɢɡɧɨɫɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɝɨ
ɛɚɪɚɛɚɧɚ / ɛɚɪɚɛɚɧɚ ɦɭɮɬɵ ɫɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɲɢɩɧɢɤɨɜ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɩɢ.
ɇɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɵɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɣ ɳɢɬɨɤ ɢ ɪɵɱɚɝ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɬɨɪɦɨɡ ɜ ɧɟɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ.
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɩɢ.
ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɰɟɩɢ.
16
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ
1. ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟ ɩɢɥɭ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɸ.
2. ɍɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɹ ɩɢɥɭ ɨɛɟɢɦɢ ɪɭɤɚɦɢ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɶɬɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɭɪɤɚ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɹ.
3. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɬɨɪɦɨɡ ɰɟɩɢ, ɩɟɪɟɦɟɫɬɢɜ ɥɟɜɨɟ ɡɚɩɹɫɬɶɟ ɢ ɧɚɠɚɜ ɢɦ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɣ
ɳɢɬɨɤ, ɧɟ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚɹ ɪɭɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɸɸ ɪɭɱɤɭ ɩɢɥɵ.
4. ɉɢɥɚ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ.
5. Ɉɬɩɭɫɬɢɬɟ ɤɭɪɨɤ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɹ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɰɟɩɶ ɧɟ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɪɚɡɭ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɞɢɥɟɪɭ ECHO ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ.
ȼɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɰɟɩɢ
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɣ ɳɢɬɨɤ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬɬɹɧɭɬ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ, ɬɨɪɦɨɡ ɰɟɩɢ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧ.
Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ (ɧɟ ɪɭɱɧɨɣ) ɬɨɪɦɨɡ ɰɟɩɢ
ȼȺɀɇɈ
ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɰɟɩɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɢɡ ɦɹɝɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ,
ɬɚɤɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɚ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɬɨɥɱɨɤ ɧɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɥ ɩɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɰɟɩɶ.
1). Ʉɨɧɟɰ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ 35 ɫɦ.
2). Ɂɚɞɧɸɸ ɪɭɱɤɭ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɫɥɟɝɤɚ ɫɠɢɦɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɪɭɤɨɣ.
Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ (ɧɟ ɪɭɱɧɨɣ) ɬɨɪɦɨɡ ɰɟɩɢ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɞɚɪɚ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɣ ɜ ɧɨɫɤɟ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ, ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɬɨɪɦɨɡ
ɰɟɩɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɰɟɩɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ:
1. Ɂɚɝɥɭɲɢɬɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ
2. ȼɨɡɶɦɢɬɟɫɶ ɪɭɤɚɦɢ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɸɸ ɢ ɡɚɞɧɸɸ ɪɭɱɤɢ ɩɢɥɵ (ɥɟɝɤɨ ɫɠɢɦɚɣɬɟ ɢɯ) ɢɞɟɪɠɢɬɟ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɢɧɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 35 ɫɦ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ
ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ.
3. Ⱥɤɤɭɪɚɬɧɨ ɭɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɥɟɜɭɸ ɪɭɤɭ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɪɭɱɤɢ ɩɢɥɵ ɢ ɤɨɫɧɢɬɟɫɶ ɧɨɫɤɨɦ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɢɡ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɢɡ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɬɨɥɱɨɤ ɨɬ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɞɨɫɤɨɣ.
(* ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɚɞɧɸɸ ɪɭɱɤɭ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɫɠɢɦɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɪɭɤɨɣ.)
4. Ɉɬɞɚɱɚ ɨɬ ɬɨɥɱɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɧɟɬ ɪɵɱɚɝ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɰɟɩɢ, ɢ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɭɟɬ ɬɨɪɦɨɡ.
ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɵ.
ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ
17
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɩɢɥɨɜɤɟ
ɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɖ
ȼɨ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɞɚɱɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɣɬɟ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɨɫɨɤ ɢɥɢ ɜɟɪɯ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ
ɫɨɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɤɚɤɢɦ-ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.
Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ
ɉɪɢ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɯ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ.
ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɩɨɡɚɛɨɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɟ ɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɳɟ ɢ ɡɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤɚ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɰɟɩɧɨɣ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɵ
ɥɭɱɲɢɦ ɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤɨɦ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɡɞɪɚɜɵɣ ɫɦɵɫɥ.
Ɉɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɩɨɡɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ – ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɫɬɨɢɬ
ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɪɭɱɤɟ, ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɚɥɶɰɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɪɭɤɢ ɨɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ
ɤɭɪɤɨɦ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɹ.
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɬɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɢɬɶ ɤ ɜɚɥɤɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ, ɩɨɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟ ɩɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɯ ɛɪɟɜɟɧ ɢɥɢ ɜɟɬɨɤ.
Ɍɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɬɟɫɶ ɫɨ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɥɵ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɩɢɥɵ.
Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ, ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɤɭɪɨɤ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬɤɪɵɥɫɹ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɚɣɬɟ ɤ ɪɚɫɩɢɥɨɜɤɟ.
ɇɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɬɶ ɪɵɱɚɝ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɢɥɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɚ ɩɢɥɟɧɢɟ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɰɟɩɶ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɡɚɬɨɱɟɧɚ, ɩɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɥɟɝɤɨ, ɛɟɡ
ɭɫɢɥɢɣ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɬɶ ɩɢɥɨɣ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɩɢɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɷɬɨ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɢɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ
ɩɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɨ.
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ.
ɫɥɟɜɚ ɨɬ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɵ, ɞɟɪɠɚ ɥɟɜɭɸ ɪɭɤɭ
ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ
(ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɩɚɥɶɦɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ, ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.)
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ, ɭɞɚɥɢɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɫɤɨɩɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɨɩɢɥɤɢ ɫ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ ɢ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɦɨɣɬɟ ɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɣ.
ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɩɭɫ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɵ.
18
ȼɚɥɤɚ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ
ɉɚɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɧɟɫɬɢ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɩɭɬɢ –
ɦɚɲɢɧɟ, ɞɨɦɭ, ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɸ, ɥɢɧɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɞɟɪɟɜɭ.
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ ɭɩɚɫɬɶ ɜ ɧɭɠɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɪɟɲɢɬɟ,
ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ!
ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɤ ɜɚɥɤɟ, ɪɚɫɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɡɨɧɭ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ.
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɩɢɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɭɸ ɩɨɡɭ
ɩɢɥɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɟ ɧɚɬɤɧɭɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɤɚɤɨɟ-ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɟ.
Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɭɬɶ ɤ ɨɬɯɨɞɭ.
Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ ɧɚɱɧɟɬ ɩɚɞɚɬɶ, ɩɭɬɶ ɨɬɯɨɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ ɩɨ ɞɢɚɝɨɧɚɥɢ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ,
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɞ ɭɝɥɨɦ 45 ɝɪɚɞɭɫɨɜ; ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɨɣɬɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ ɧɚ 3
ɦɟɬɪɚ ɨɬ ɫɬɜɨɥɚ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɤɥɨɧɢɬɶɫɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɫɬɜɨɥ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ
ɇɚɱɧɢɬɟ ɩɢɥɢɬɶ ɫ ɬɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ, ɤɭɞɚ ɨɧɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɭɩɚɫɬɶ.
o
Ɂɚɪɭɛɤɚ: 1/3 ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɢ ɩɨɞ ɭɝɥɨɦ ɨɬ 30
ȼɚɥɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɩɢɥ: ɧɚ 2,5 - 5 ɫɦ ɜɵɲɟ
Ɉɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɲɬɵɪɶ: 1/10 ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ
ɋɞɟɥɚɣɬɟ ɡɚɪɭɛɤɭ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɧɚ 1/3 ɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ ɫɬɜɨɥɚ.
Ɇɟɫɬɨ ɡɚɪɭɛɤɢ ɜɚɠɧɨ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɚɞɚɬɶ "ɜ" ɡɚɪɭɛɤɭ.
ȼɚɥɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɩɢɥ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɨɬ ɡɚɪɭɛɤɢ.
ɋɞɟɥɚɣɬɟ ɜɚɥɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɩɢɥ, ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɜ ɡɭɛɱɚɬɵɣ ɭɩɨɪ ɩɢɥɵ ɧɚ ɫɬɜɨɥ ɜɵɲɟ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɡɚɪɭɛɤɢ
ɧɚ 2,5-5 ɫɦ, ɢɩɢɥɢɬɟ, ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɢɫɶ
ɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɨɫɶ 1/10 ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɫɬɜɨɥɚ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɧɟ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧɧɵɦ, ɢ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɲɬɵɪɶ.
ɞɨ 45
ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɡɚɪɭɛɤɢ
, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɫɶ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɨɬɫɤɨɱɢɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɟɧɶ ɧɚɡɚɞ.
o
1. Ɂɚɪɭɛɤɢ
2. ȼɚɥɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɩɢɥ
3. Ʉɥɢɧɶɹ (ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ)
4. ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ
A: Ɉɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ 1/10 ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ
ɇɟ ɩɵɬɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɩɪɨɩɢɥɢɬɶ ɫɬɜɨɥ ɧɚɫɤɜɨɡɶ ɞɨ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɡɚɪɭɛɤɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɟ ɜɚɥɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɩɢɥ.
Ɉɫɬɚɜɲɚɹɫɹ ɧɟɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɬɜɨɥɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɲɬɵɪɟɦ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɹ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɧɭɠɧɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ.
Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɩɚɞɚɬɶ, ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɵ, ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟ ɟɟ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɸ ɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ
ɨɬɨɣɞɢɬɟ ɜ ɧɚɦɟɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ.
ȼɚɥɤɚ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ.
1. ɉɪɨɩɢɥɵ
2. ɋɩɨɫɨɛ "ɩɪɨɫɜɟɪɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ" Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɢɥɵ
3. ȼɚɥɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɩɢɥ
4. ɋɩɨɫɨɛ "ɩɪɨɫɜɟɪɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ" Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɢɥɵ
5. ȼɚɥɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɩɢɥɵ
A: Ʉɥɢɧɶɹ
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɚɥɤɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɫ
ɪɚɡɚ, ɧɚɱɧɢɬɟ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɡɚɪɭɛɤɢ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɢ ɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɩɢɥɭ, "ɩɪɨɬɹɝɢɜɚɣɬɟ" ɩɢɥɭ ɫɤɜɨɡɶ ɫɬɜɨɥ
ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ, ɤɞɪɭɝɨɦɭɤɪɚɸɡɚɪɭɛɤɢ.
ɇɚɱɧɢɬɟ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɚɥɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɩɢɥ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɡɭɛɱɚɬɨɝɨ ɭɩɨɪɚ, ɩɨɝɪɭɠɚɹ
ɩɢɥɭ ɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɭ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɣ ɲɬɵɪɶ
Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɜɵɧɶɬɟ ɩɢɥɭ ɢ ɧɚɱɧɢɬɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɢɥ.
ȼɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟ ɩɢɥɭ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɪɨɩɢɥ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɚɤɤɭɪɚɬɧɨ ɜɨ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɞɚɱɢ.
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɩɢɥ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɢɥɵ ɞɚɥɶɲɟ ɜ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɩɢɥɟ, ɩɨɤɚ ɨɧɚ ɧɟ
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɲɬɵɪɹ.
ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ, ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɦ ɞɥɢɧɭ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɜ ɞɜɚ
ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ,
ɧɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ.
19
Ɉɛɪɟɡɤɚ ɫɭɱɶɟɜ ɢ ɜɟɬɜɟɣ
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ
ɇɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɢɥɨɣ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɜɵɲɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɝɪɭɞɢ.
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɛɪɟɡɤɢ ɜɟɬɜɟɣ ɢ ɫɭɱɶɟɜ ɫ ɭɩɚɜɲɟɝɨ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɨɯɨɠ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɪɚɫɤɪɹɠɟɜɤɢ.
ɇɟ ɨɬɩɢɥɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɬɭ ɜɟɬɤɭ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɟɫɶ.
Ȼɭɞɶɬɟ ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɵ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɨɫɨɤ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ ɧɟ ɤɨɫɧɭɥɫɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɟɬɨɤ.
ȼɫɟɝɞɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɨɛɟ ɪɭɤɢ.
ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɞɟɪɠɢɬɟ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɭ ɧɚɞ ɝɨɥɨɜɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɨɣ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ
ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨ.
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɨɬɞɚɱɢ
ɉɨɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟ, ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɥɢ ɜɟɬɤɚ ɩɨɞ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ
1. ɋɩɢɥɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɜɟɬɤɢ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ ɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ, ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɸɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ.
2. ɉɨɞɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɣɬɟ ɨɩɨɪɵ ɩɨɞ ɫɬɜɨɥ.
ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɟ ɫɩɪɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɩɢɥɨɣ, ɱɬɨ ɱɪɟɜɚɬɨ ɬɪɚɜɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ.
Ɋɚɫɤɪɹɠɟɜɤɚ
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ
ɋɬɨɣɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɛɪɟɜɧɭ.
Ɋɚɫɤɪɹɠɟɜɤɚ - ɷɬɨ ɪɚɫɩɢɥɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɪɟɜɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɜɚɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɢ.
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦ ɩɨ
ɪɚɫɤɪɹɠɟɜɤɟ.
ȼɫɟɝɞɚ ɞɟɪɠɢɬɟ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɭ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɪɭɤɚɦɢ ɡɚ ɪɭɱɤɢ.
ɉɨɞɨɩɪɢɬɟ ɛɪɟɜɧɨ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɨɩɨɪɵ, ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ.
ɉɪɢ ɪɚɫɩɢɥɨɜɤɟ ɧɚ ɫɤɥɨɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɫɬɨɣɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɤɥɨɧɚ.
ɇɟ ɫɬɨɣɬɟ ɧɚ ɛɪɟɜɧɟ.
20
Ɋɚɫɬɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɠɚɬɢɟ ɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɟ
ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ
ɇɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɭ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɫɩɢɥɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ.
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ
ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɪɚɫɬɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɠɚɬɢɟ, ɢɫɞɟɥɚɬɶɩɪɨɩɢɥɫ
ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɞɟɬ ɡɚɳɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ ɢ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɜ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɟ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ, ɦɭɮɬɚ ɫɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɝɨɪɢɬ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɫɟ-ɬɚɤɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ ɡɚɳɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɥɵ, ɢɟɟɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɜɵɬɚɳɢɬɶ, ɧɟ ɞɟɪɝɚɣɬɟ ɢ
ɧɟ ɜɵɪɵɜɚɣɬɟ ɟɟ.
Ɉɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɭ.
ȼɛɟɣɬɟ ɤɥɢɧ ɜ ɩɪɨɩɢɥ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɧ ɩɪɢɨɬɤɪɵɥɫɹ.
ɇɟ ɬɹɧɢɬɟ ɫ ɫɢɥɨɣ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɭ, ɟɫɥɢ ɟɟ ɡɚɳɟɦɢɥɨ.
ɇɟ ɬɨɥɤɚɣɬɟ, ɧɟ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɟ ɩɢɥɭ ɫ ɫɢɥɨɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɩɢɥ.
Ɂɚɬɭɩɢɜɲɚɹɫɹ ɩɢɥɚ ɧɟɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɚ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɧɨɫɚ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɩɢɥɟɧɢɢ.
ɏɨɪɨɲɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɢɥɚ ɡɚɬɭɩɢɥɚɫɶ – ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɧɚ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɩɢɥɟɧɢɹ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ
1. ɒɬɵɪɶ
2. Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɵɣ ɪɚɫɩɢɥ
3. Ɂɚɤɪɵɬɵɣ ɪɚɫɩɢɥ
ɨɩɢɥɨɤ ɢɞɭɬ ɦɟɥɤɨɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɟ ɨɩɢɥɤɢ, ɩɢɥɚ ɡɚɬɭɩɢɥɚɫɶ.
Ɉɬɪɟɡ ɛɪɟɜɧɚ, ɥɟɠɚɳɢɣ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɟ, ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɢɥ ɪɚɫɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɟɥɟ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɭɞɚ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɜɟɫ ɢ
ɤɚɤɨɜɵ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɨɩɨɪɵ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɛɪɟɜɧɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɜɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɨɩɨɪɵ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɹɦ, ɫɠɚɬɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɜɟɪɯɭ, ɪɚɫɬɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɧɢɡɭ.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɪɚɫɩɢɥɢɬɶ ɛɪɟɜɧɨ
1/3 ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɛɪɟɜɧɚ.
ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɢɥ ɞɟɥɚɣɬɟ ɫɧɢɡɭ ɜɜɟɪɯ ɧɚɜɫɬɪɟɱɭ ɩɟɪɜɨɦɭ.
Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ
4. 1/3 ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɳɢɧ.
5. Ɉɫɥɚɛɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɨɩɢɥ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɢɥɨɜɤɢ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɛɪɟɜɧɨ ɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɩɨɪɭ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ, ɫɞɟɥɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɨɩɢɥ ɫɧɢɡɭ ɜɜɟɪɯ ɧɚ 1/3
ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɛɪɟɜɧɚ.
ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɢɥ
Ɋɚɫɤɪɹɠɟɜɤɚ ɫɜɟɪɯɭ
6. ȼɧɢɡ
7. ȼɢɫɹɳɢɣ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɤɨɧɟɰ
Ɋɚɫɤɪɹɠɟɜɤɚ ɫɧɢɡɭ
8. ȼɜɟɪɯ
9. Ʉɥɢɧ
ɞɟɥɚɣɬɟ ɫɜɟɪɯɭ ɜɧɢɡ ɧɚɜɫɬɪɟɱɭ ɩɟɪɜɨɦɭ.
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɬɨɱɤɚɦɢ ɨɩɨɪɵ, ɫɞɟɥɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɨɩɢɥ ɫɜɟɪɯɭ ɜɧɢɡ ɧɚ
Ⱦɟɥɚɣɬɟ ɤɨɫɨɣ ɩɪɨɩɢɥ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɬɩɢɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɛɪɟɜɧɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɫɟɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɢɠɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ.
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Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ
ɑɚɫɬɶ Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɋɬɪ.
ȼɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɶ / Ɂɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ 26 •
Ɍɨɩɥɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ Ɉɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ 26 •
Ɍɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ Ɉɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ / Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɶ / Ɂɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ 26 •
Ɇɚɫɥɹɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ Ɉɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ / Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɶ / Ɂɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ 26 •
ɋɜɟɱɚ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ Ɉɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ / Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɶ / Ɉɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ / Ɂɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ 26 •
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ Ɉɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ / Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɶ 27 •
ɉɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɢɧɚ Ɉɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ / Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɶ 27 •
Ɂɜɟɡɞɨɱɤɚ ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ / Ɂɚɦɟɧɚ 27 •
Ʉɚɪɛɸɪɚɬɨɪ Ɉɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ / Ɂɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɢ ɨɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ 27 •
Ƚɥɭɲɢɬɟɥɶ Ɉɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ / Ɂɚɬɹɧɭɬɶ / Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɶ - •O
ɐɟɩɧɨɣ ɬɨɪɦɨɡ ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ / Ɂɚɦɟɧɚ 16 •O
ɋɬɚɪɬɟɪ Ɉɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ 23 •
ȼɢɧɬɵ, ɛɨɥɬɵ ɢ ɝɚɣɤɢ ɉɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ
, ɡɚɬɹɧɭɬɶ / Ɂɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ - •O
ɉɟɪɟɞ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ȿɠɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɨ
ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ
Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɦɭ ɪɢɫɤɭ ɞɥɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ.
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɬɶ ɚɧɬɢɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɭɸ ɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɭ ɢɥɢ
ɩɪɭɠɢɧɭ ɧɚ ɢɡɧɨɫ, ɪɚɫɬɪɟɫɤɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ.
ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ
Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ.
ȼȺɀɇɈ
ȼɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɵ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ.
ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɢ ɜɚɲ ɨɩɵɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ, ɤɚɤ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɩɨ ɭɯɨɞɭ ɡɚ
ɢɡɞɟɥɢɟɦ.
22
ɇɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
ɇɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɶ
Ⱦɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ - ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɬɪɭɞɨɦ
- ɧɟ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ
ɉɪɢɱɢɧɚ ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
ȼɚɥ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
ɩɪɨɤɪɭɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ȼɚɥ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
ɧɟ
ɩɪɨɤɪɭɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
Ⱦɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ
Ɍɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɜ
ɤɚɪɛɸɪɚɬɨɪɟ
Ɍɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɜ
ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɟ
ɂɫɤɪɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɰɟ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ
ɂɫɤɪɚ ɜ ɫɜɟɱɟ
ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ
Ɇɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɢɥɢ
ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɛɢɪɚɟɬ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɵ
ɇɟɬ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɜ
ɤɚɪɛɸɪɚɬɨɪɟ
ɇɟɬ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɜ
ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɟ
Ƚɥɭɲɢɬɟɥɶ
ɦɨɤɪɵɣ ɨɬ
ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ
ɇɟɬ ɢɫɤɪɵ ɧɚ
ɤɨɧɰɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ
ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ
ɇɟɬ ɢɫɤɪɵ ɜ
ɫɜɟɱɟ
ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ
Ɂɚɫɨɪɟɧ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪ
Ɂɚɫɨɪɟɧ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ ɲɥɚɧɝ
Ʉɚɪɛɸɪɚɬɨɪ
Ʉɚɪɛɸɪɚɬɨɪ Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ ɤ ɞɢɥɟɪɭ
ɉɟɪɟɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɧɚɹ
ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ
ȼɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɨ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɟ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɤɟ
ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ
ɦɟɠɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɡɚɡɨɪ
ɇɚɝɚɪ ɧɚ ɫɜɟɱɟ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ
ɋɜɟɱɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɚ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɦ
ɋɜɟɱɚ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɚ
ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
Ɂɚɫɨɪɟɧ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɣ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪ
Ɂɚɫɨɪɟɧ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ
Ɂɚɫɨɪɟɧɨ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟ
ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɤɚ
ɋɜɟɱɚ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ
Ʉɚɪɛɸɪɚɬɨɪ
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚɫɨɪɟɧɚ
Ɂɚɫɨɪɟɧ
ɝɥɭɲɢɬɟɥɶ
ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ ɤɚɧɚɥ /
ɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɟ
Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ
Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ ɤ ɞɢɥɟɪɭ ECHO
ECHO
Ɉɬɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɭɸ
ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɭ
ɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ / Ɂɚɦɟɧɢɬɟ
ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ
Ɉɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɤɚɪɛɸɪɚɬɨɪ
Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ ɤ ɞɢɥɟɪɭ ECHO
ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɟ
Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ ɤ ɞɢɥɟɪɭ ECHO
Ɉɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɡɨɪ ɨɬ
0,6 ɞɨ 0,7 ɦɦ
ɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɟ
ɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɟ
Ɂɚɦɟɧɢɬɟ ɫɜɟɱɭ
Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ ɤ ɞɢɥɟɪɭ
ECHO
ɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɟ
ɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɟ
Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ
ɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɢ
ɨɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ / ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɟ
Ɉɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ
Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ
Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ
ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ
ȼɫɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɨɛɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɯ, ɱɬɨ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɵ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɯ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ
ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ.
ɉɚɪɵ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɥɟɝɤɨɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɹɟɦɵ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɟ ɢ / ɢɥɢ ɜɡɪɵɜ.
ɇɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɣɬɟ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɢɫɤɪɵ ɭ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɧɟɡɞɚ ɫɜɟɱɢ, ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɜɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ
"Ʌɟɝɤɢɣ ɡɚɩɭɫɤ" (ɋɦ. ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɭ 2)
ȿɫɥɢ ɫɥɟɝɤɚ ɜɵɬɹɧɭɬɶ ɲɧɭɪ ɫɬɚɪɬɟɪɚ ɧɟ ɭɞɚɟɬɫɹ, ɷɬɨ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.
Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ ɤ ɜɚɲɟɦɭ ɞɢɥɟɪɭ.
ɇɟɚɤɤɭɪɚɬɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɛɨɪɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɬɪɚɜɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ.
23
ɍɯɨɞ ɡɚ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɶɸ
ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɡɚɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ.
ɇɚɞɟɜɚɣɬɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɱɚɬɤɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬɟ ɫ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɶɸ.
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ
Ɉɲɢɛɤɢ ɡɚɬɨɱɤɢ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɪɢɫɤ ɨɬɞɚɱɢ:
1) ɋɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɭɝɨɥ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢ
2) Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɧɚɩɢɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ
3) ɋɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɩɚɡɚ
ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɭɝɥɨɜ ɡɚɬɨɱɤɢ ɰɟɩɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ Oregon 21BPX.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɢɧɵɯ ɦɚɪɨɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɣɬɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ.
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɬɨɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɭɛɰɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ.
A: ɍɝɨɥ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢ 30°
B: Ɋɟɠɭɳɢɣ ɭɝɨɥ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢ 55°
C: Ƚɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɩɚɡɚ 0,65 ɦɦ
D: ɉɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶ
1. Ʌɟɜɨɪɟɠɭɳɢɣ ɪɟɡɟɰ
2. ɋɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɤɚ
3. ɉɪɚɜɨɪɟɠɭɳɢɣ ɪɟɡɟɰ
4. Ƚɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɩɚɡɚ
5. ȼɟɞɭɳɟɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ
6. Ɂɚɤɥɟɩɤɚ
ɇɟ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɰɟɩɧɭɸ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɭ ɫ ɡɚɬɭɩɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɶɸ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɩɢɥɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ, ɢɥɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɩɢɥɟɧɢɹ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɨɩɢɥɤɢ, ɚ ɦɟɥɤɨɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɟ ɨɩɢɥɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɚɹ ɩɵɥɶ, ɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ, ɧɟ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɵ ɥɢ ɪɟɠɭɳɢɟ ɡɭɛɶɹ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ.
ɉɪɢ ɡɚɬɨɱɤɟ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧ ɬɨɬ ɠɟ ɭɝɨɥ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶɡɭɛɶɟɜ, ɱɬɨ ɢ
ɭɧɨɜɨɣɰɟɩɢ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɭ ɰɟɩɢ ɧɚ ɢɡɧɨɫ ɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɡɚɩɪɚɜɤɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ.
24
Ɂɚɬɨɱɤɚ ɰɟɩɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɬɨɱɤɢ ɰɟɩɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ: ɤɪɭɝɥɵɣ ɧɚɩɢɥɶɧɢɤ, ɡɚɠɢɦɧɚɹ
ɞɟɪɠɚɜɤɚ ɧɚɩɢɥɶɧɢɤɚ, ɩɥɨɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɩɢɥɶɧɢɤ ɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɩɚɡɚ.
Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɥɟɝɱɟ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɬɨɱɤɢ ɧɚɩɢɥɶɧɢɤ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ (ɤɪɭɝɥɵɣ ɧɚɩɢɥɶɧɢɤ 4,8 ɦɦ) ɢ ɡɚɠɢɦɧɭɸ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɤɭ ɧɚɩɢɥɶɧɢɤɚ.
Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ ɤ ɞɢɥɟɪɭ ECHO ɡɚ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɭ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ.
1. Ɂɚɛɥɨɤɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɰɟɩɶ – ɬɨɥɤɧɢɬɟ ɜɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɣ ɳɢɬɨɤ.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ ɰɟɩɶ, ɨɬɨɠɦɢɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɣ ɳɢɬɨɤ, ɩɪɢɠɚɜ ɟɝɨ ɤ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɪɭɱɤɟ
ɩɢɥɵ.
2. ɉɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɰɟɩɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɱɟɪɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɟɢ
ɥɟɜɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɟ ɪɟɠɭɳɢɟ ɡɭɛɰɵ.
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟ ɡɚɬɨɱɤɭ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɢɡɧɭɬɪɢ ɧɚɪɭɠɭ.
3. ɋɨɛɥɸɞɚɣɬɟ ɭɝɨɥ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɚ ɡɚɠɢɦɧɨɣ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɤɢ ɧɚɩɢɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɧɚ ɛɵɥɚ
ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɝɥɭ ɪɟɠɭɳɟɣ ɤɪɨɦɤɢ.
Ɉɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɣɬɟ, ɞɜɢɝɚɹ ɧɚɩɢɥɶɧɢɤ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɡɚɞ, ɩɨɤɚ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ (ɧɚ
ɛɨɤɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɹɯ ɡɭɛɰɚ) ɧɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵ.
4. Ⱦɟɪɠɢɬɟ ɧɚɩɢɥɶɧɢɤ ɩɨɞ ɭɝɥɨɦ 10º ɜɜɟɪɯ.
5. ɇɟ ɞɨɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɧɚɩɢɥɶɧɢɤɨɦ ɞɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɨɤ.
6. Ɂɚɬɨɱɢɬɟ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɫɚɦɵɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɠɭɳɢɟ ɡɭɛɰɵ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ, ɩɨɞɝɨɧɹɹ ɢɯ ɩɨ
ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɫɚɦɨɣ
7. Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ, ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɨɩɢɥɤɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɚ.
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɵɫɨɬɭ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ.
8. ȼ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɡɭɛɰɚ, ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɝɥɭɛɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ
ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ.
9. ɉɪɢɥɨɠɢɬɟ ɤ ɩɚɡɭ ɰɟɩɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɢ ɫɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɧɚɩɢɥɶɧɢɤɨɦ ɥɢɲɧɟɟ,
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɹ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɭ.
10. Ɉɤɪɭɝɥɢɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɸɸ ɤɪɨɦɤɭ ɝɥɭɛɨɦɟɪɚ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɛɟɫɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɹɝɤɨɝɨ
ɩɢɥɟɧɢɹ.
11. ȼɟɞɭɳɟɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɜɨɞɚ ɨɩɢɥɨɤ ɢɡ ɤɚɧɚɜɤɢ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ.
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɥɟɞɢɬɟ ɡɚ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɤɪɚɣ ɜɟɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɫɹ ɨɫɬɪɵɦ.
ɉɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢ ɡɚɬɨɱɤɢ ɩɨɝɪɭɡɢɬɟ ɰɟɩɶ ɜ ɦɚɫɥɨ ɢ ɫɦɨɣɬɟ ɫ ɧɟɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɠɤɭ ɩɟɪɟɞ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɟɣ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɬɨɱɤɢ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɧɚ ɲɢɧɟ ɧɚɧɟɫɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɰɟɩɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦɚɫɥɚɢ
ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɜɪɚɳɚɣɬɟ ɰɟɩɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɫ ɧɟɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɠɤɭ ɞɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
ɗɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɫ ɡɚɫɨɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɠɤɨɣ ɤɚɧɚɜɤɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ
ɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɢɡɧɨɫɭ ɰɟɩɢ ɢ ɲɢɧɵ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɰɟɩɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɫɹ ɫɦɨɥɨɣ, ɩɪɨɦɨɣɬɟ ɟɟ ɤɟɪɨɫɢɧɨɦ ɢ ɩɪɨɩɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɦɚɫɥɨɦ.
ɞɥɢɧɟ.
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Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ
ɉɪɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɤ ɞɢɥɟɪɭ ECHO.
ȼɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɶ
1. Ɋɭɱɤɚ ɤɪɵɲɤɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɹ
2. Ʉɪɵɲɤɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɹ
3. ȼɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɶ
4. Ɋɭɱɤɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɨɣ
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɹɣɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɤɚɠɞɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ.
Ɂɚɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɭɸ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɤɭ.
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟ ɪɭɱɤɭ ɤɪɵɲɤɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɢ ɢ ɫɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɤɪɵɲɤɭ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ.
ɍɞɚɥɢɬɟ ɩɵɥɶ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɦɨɣɬɟ ɧɟɝɨɪɸɱɢɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɦ, ɢɥɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ.
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɭɲɢɬɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɣ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɢ ɤɪɵɲɤɭ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɹɣɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɤɚɠɞɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɩɪɨɬɟɱɤɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɢɡ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɲɥɚɧɝɚ, ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɛɤɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɤɚ.
ɉɪɨɬɟɱɤɚ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɱɪɟɜɚɬɚ ɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɟɦ.
ɇɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɨɬɤɚɠɢɬɟɫɶ ɨɬ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ ɤ ɞɢɥɟɪɭ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ.
Ɍɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ
ɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɖ
Ȼɟɧɡɢɧ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɥɟɝɤɨɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ.
ɉɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɦɟɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ.
1. Ɍɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ
2. ɉɪɨɛɤɚ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɤɚ
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɹɣɬɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ.
- ɂɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ ɛɚɤ.
- Ɂɚɫɨɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɭɫɤɭ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.
- ȼɵɧɢɦɚɣɬɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɧɚɥɢɜɧɭɸ ɝɨɪɥɨɜɢɧɭ, ɡɚɰɟɩɢɜ ɟɝɨ ɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɜɨɥɨɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɤɢɦ-ɥɢɛɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ.
- Ɂɚɦɟɧɹɣɬɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ.
- ȿɫɥɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɤɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɚ
ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɦ.
, ɟɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶ, ɩɪɨɦɵɜ ɛɚɤ
Ɇɚɫɥɹɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ
1. Ɇɚɫɥɹɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ
2. ɉɪɨɛɤɚ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɤɚ
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɹɣɬɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ.
- ɂɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɵɣ ɛɚɤ.
- Ɂɚɫɨɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɦɚɡɤɢ.
- ȼɵɧɢɦɚɣɬɟ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɦɚɫɥɨɧɚɥɢɜɧɭɸ ɝɨɪɥɨɜɢɧɭ, ɡɚɰɟɩɢɜ ɟɝɨ ɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨ-
ɜɨɥɨɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɤɢɦ-ɥɢɛɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ.
- ȿɫɥɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧ, ɩɪɨɦɨɣɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɟ ɟɝɨ.
- ȿɫɥɢ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɤɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɚ, ɟɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶ, ɩɪɨɦɵɜ ɛɚɤ
ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɦ.
ɋɜɟɱɚ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ
∗ Ɂɚɡɨɪ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɚɦɢ ɫɜɟɱɢ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ: 0,6 - 0,7 ɦɦ
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɹɣɬɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ.
- ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɡɚɡɨɪɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɚɦɢ ɫɜɟɱɢ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 0,6 - 0,7 ɦɦ.
- Ɉɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɡɚɡɨɪ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧ ɧɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɦɭ.
Ɇɨɦɟɧɬ ɡɚɬɹɠɤɢ: ɨɬ 15 ɞɨ 17 ɇ•ɦ
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Ɉɯɥɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɪɟɛɪɚ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚ (ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ)
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɹɣɬɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ.
Ɂɚɫɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɛɟɪ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɸ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.
ɍɞɚɥɢɬɟ ɝɪɹɡɶ ɢ ɨɩɢɥɤɢ ɢɡ ɡɚɡɨɪɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɟɛɪɚɦɢ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨ
ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɥ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ.
ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɲɢɧɚ
ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ
Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɲɢɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ ɤ ɞɢɥɟɪɭ ECHO.
1. Ʉɚɧɚɜɤɚ 2. Ɇɚɫɥɹɧɨɟ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟ 3. ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɲɢɧɚ 4. Ɂɜɟɡɞɨɱɤɚ
Ɉɱɢɳɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɤɚɠɞɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ.
- ɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɤɚɧɚɜɤɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɲɢɧɵ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɪɬɤɨɣ.
- ɉɪɨɱɢɳɚɣɬɟ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɥɨɤɨɣ.
ɉɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɭɸ ɲɢɧɭ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɹɣɬɟ ɡɜɟɡɞɨɱɤɭ ɢ ɦɭɮɬɭ ɫɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ, ɢ ɩɪɨɱɢɳɚɣɬɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɲɢɧɵ
ɩɟɪɟɞ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɲɢɧɵ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɡɜɟɡɞɨɱɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɦɭɮɬɚ ɫɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɧɨɲɟɧɵ, ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɟ ɨɞɧɭ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ.
Ɂɜɟɡɞɨɱɤɚ
∗ ɂɡɧɨɫ: 0,5 ɦɦ
ȿɫɥɢ ɡɜɟɡɞɨɱɤɚ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɚ, ɷɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɢɡɧɨɫɭ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ
ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ.
- ȿɫɥɢ ɢɡɧɨɫ ɡɜɟɡɞɨɱɤɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝ 0,5 ɦɦ ɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ, ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɟ ɟɟ.
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɣɬɟ ɡɜɟɡɞɨɱɤɭ.
Ɂɚɦɟɧɹɣɬɟ ɢɡɧɨɲɟɧɧɭɸ ɡɜɟɡɞɨɱɤɭ.
Ʉɚɪɛɸɪɚɬɨɪ
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɜ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ (Ɍ) ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɩɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɰɟɩɶ ɧɟ ɜɪɚɳɚɥɚɫɶ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɤɚɪɛɸɪɚɬɨɪ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɟɧ, ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ ɤ ɞɢɥɟɪɭ.
L: Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɜ
H: Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɜ
T: ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɜ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ
ɇɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɪɛɸɪɚɬɨɪ ɛɟɡ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ.
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɤɚɪɛɸɪɚɬɨɪɚ:
- ɉɨɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɜɢɧɬɵ ɜ ɢɝɥɚɯ (L ɢ H) ɩɨ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɟ, ɩɨɤɚ ɨɧɢ ɫɥɟɝɤɚ ɧɟ ɫɹɞɭɬ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ
ɜɵɤɪɭɬɢɬɶ ɢɯ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɢɠɟ.
- Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɜ (L): ɨɬɤɪɵɬ ɧɚ
- Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɜ (H): ɨɬɤɪɵɬ ɧɚ ɨɬ 3/4 ɞɨ 1 ɢ 1/4 ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ.
- ɉɨɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɜɢɧɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ (T) ɩɨ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɟ, ɩɨɤɚ ɩɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɰɟɩɶ
ɧɟ ɧɚɱɧɟɬ ɜɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ.
Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɨɬɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɜɢɧɬ ɧɚ 1/2 ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ.
- ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɩɥɚɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɨɬ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɜ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɧɵɟ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɵ,
ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɵ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɧɵɯ
.
Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɦɚɡɤɢ
1. ȼɢɧɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɦɚɫɥɚ 2. ɍɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ 3. ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ
Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɦɚɡɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 9 ɦɥ/ɦɢɧ ɩɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɥɟɧɱɚɬɨɝɨ ɜɚɥɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 7000 ɨɛ/ɦɢɧ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɟ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɡɚɜɨɞɟ ɞɨ
ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ.
- Ⱦɥɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɩɨɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɜɢɧɬ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɢ.
Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɜɢɧɬ ɩɨɜɟɪɧɭɬ ɞɨ ɭɩɨɪɚ, ɨɧ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɦɚɫɥɚ. (16,5 ɦɥ/ɦɢɧ ɧɚ
- ɇɟ ɩɨɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɜɢɧɬ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɦɚɫɥɚ.
ɨɬ 7/8 ɞɨ 1 ɢ 3/8 ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ.
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ 7000 ɨɛ/ɦɢɧ)
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Ɂɚɦɟɧɚ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ ɢ ɰɟɩɢ
Ⱦɥɢɧɚ
ɉɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɢɧɚ ɐɟɩɶ
ɫɦ (ɇɨɦɟɪ ɩɨ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɭ)(ɇɨɦɟɪ ɩɨ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɭ)
38 38RD58-325 21BPX-64E
Ɉɛɨɞ ɡɜɟɡɞɨɱɤɢ Ȼɚɪɚɛɚɧ ɮɪɢɤɰɢɨɧɚ
325-7 24633
(175114-12530)
(A556-000441)
28
ɏɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ
Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ (ɫɜɵɲɟ 30 ɞɧɟɣ)
ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ
ɇɟ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɜ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ, ɝɞɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɨɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɢ ɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ
ɫ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɨɝɧɹ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɤɪ.
ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ
ɏɪɚɧɢɬɟ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ ɜ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ.
ɇɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɣɬɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɟ ɧɚ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ (ɫɪɨɤɨɦ ɧɚ 30 ɞɧɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ), ɧɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɜ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɰɢɢ, ɚɢɦɟɧɧɨ:
1. ɋɥɟɣɬɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɢɡ ɛɚɤɚ ɢ ɩɨɬɹɧɢɬɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ ɪɭɱɤɭ ɫɬɚɪɬɟɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ
ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɢɡ ɤɚɪɛɸɪɚɬɨɪɚ.
2. ɏɪɚɧɢɬɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɦ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ.
3. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ "STOP" (ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ).
4. ɍɞɚɥɢɬɟ ɫɤɨɩɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ
5. Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɣɬɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɦɚɡɤɭ ɢ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ.
6. Ɂɚɤɪɟɩɢɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɜɢɧɬɵ, ɛɨɥɬɵ ɢ ɝɚɣɤɢ.
7. ȼɵɧɶɬɟ ɫɜɟɱɭ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɥɟɣɬɟ 10 ɦɥ ɫɜɟɠɟɝɨ, ɱɢɫɬɨɝɨ, ɦɚɫɥɚ ɞɥɹ 2-ɬɚɤɬɧɵɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɜ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟ ɫɜɟɱɢ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ.
A. ɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɟ ɱɢɫɬɭɸ ɬɤɚɧɶ ɧɚ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟ ɫɜɟɱɢ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ.
B. ɉɨɬɹɧɢɬɟ ɪɭɱɤɭ
C. Ɉɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɪɲɧɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟ ɫɜɟɱɢ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ.
ɉɨɬɹɧɢɬɟ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɪɭɱɤɭ ɫɬɚɪɬɟɪɚ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ ɩɨɪɲɟɧɶ ɧɟ ɡɚɣɦɟɬ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ
ɦɟɪɬɜɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ; ɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɩɨɪɲɟɧɶ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ.
8. ȼɤɪɭɬɢɬɟ ɫɜɟɱɭ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ (ɧɟ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɣɬɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɜɨɥɶɬɧɵɣ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɫɜɟɱɢ).
9. ɉɟɪɟɞ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɰɟɩɶ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɭɸ ɲɢɧɭ
10. ɏɪɚɧɢɬɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɟ ɜ ɫɭɯɨɦ, ɧɟ ɡɚɩɵɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ, ɜɧɟ ɞɨɫɹɝɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɢɰ.
ɫɦɚɡɤɭ, ɦɚɫɥɨ, ɝɪɹɡɶ ɢ ɦɭɫɨɪ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɩɚɧɟɥɟɣ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ.
ɫɬɚɪɬɟɪɚ 2-3 ɪɚɡɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚ.
ɱɟɯɥɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɲɢɧɵ.
29
ɍɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɍɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɦɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ
ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɵ
ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɨɣ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɢɡ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɨɧɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɵ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɞɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ; ɭɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɢɯ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ.
Ʉɨɞ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ
>PA6-GF< ɇɟɣɥɨɧ 6 - ɋɬɟɤɥɨɜɨɥɨɤɧɨ
>PP-GF< ɉɨɥɢɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧ - ɋɬɟɤɥɨɜɨɥɨɤɧɨ
>PE-HD< ɉɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧ
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ
ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɤ ɞɢɥɟɪɭ ECHO.
ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɯ
30
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ
Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ
ȼɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ: Ⱦɥɢɧɚ × ɒɢɪɢɧɚ × ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɦɦ 375 × 245 × 290
Ɇɚɫɫɚ: ɉɢɥɚ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɲɢɧɵ ɢ ɰɟɩɢ,
ɫ ɩɭɫɬɵɦɢ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɦɢ ɤɝ 4,6
ȿɦɤɨɫɬɶ:
Ɍɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ ɛɚɤ
Ȼɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɫɦɚɡɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɰɟɩɢ
Ɍɨɩɥɢɜɨ (ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ)
Ɇɚɫɥɨ (ɦɚɫɥɨ ɰɟɩɢ)
Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ: ȼɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɚɹ
ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ ɦɦ 380
ɐɟɩɶ:
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɲɚɝ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ (ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ)
Ɍɢɩ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ
Ɍɨɥɳɢɧɚ
ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ
Ɍɢɩ ɰɟɩɢ
ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɩɢ
ɩɪɢ 1,33 ɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
ɋɦɚɡɤɚ
ɦɥɦɥ540
270
Ȼɟɧɡɢɧ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ.
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɛɟɧɡɢɧ ɫ ɨɤɬɚɧɨɜɵɦ
ɱɢɫɥɨɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 89.
ɇɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɟ
ɦɟɬɢɥɨɜɵɣ ɫɩɢɪɬ, ɚ
10-ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɷɬɢɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɪɬɚ.
50 : 1 (2 %) ɞɥɹ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ISO-L-EGD
ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ (ISO/CD 13738), ɭɪɨɜɧɹ JASO FC, FD ɢ
ECHO ɉɪɟɦɢɭɦ 50: 1 ɦɚɫɥɚ.
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɚɫɥɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ
ɢɥɢ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɦɚɫɥɨ.
ɦɦ
ɦɦ
ɫɦ
ɦɦ
8,26 (0,325 ɞɸɣɦɚ)
1,47 (0,058 ɞɸɣɦɚ)
38 (ECHO)
1,47 (0,058 ɞɸɣɦɚ)
Oregon 21BPX
ɦ/ɫ
25,6
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɦɚɡɤɢ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ
Ɂɜɟɡɞɨɱɤɚ: ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥ-ɜɨ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ 7
Ⱦɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ:
Ɍɢɩ
Ʉɚɪɛɸɪɚɬɨɪ
Ɇɚɝɧɟɬɨ
ɋɜɟɱɚ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ
ɋɬɚɪɬɟɪ
ɋɢɥɨɜɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ
Ɋɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
ɦɥ (ɫɦ
3
)
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɚɥɚ
(ɩɨ ISO 7293)
ɤȼɬ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɵ
ɫ ɪɟɠɭɳɟɣ ɝɚɪɧɢɬɭɪɨɣ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɨɛɨɪɨɬɵ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ
ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ: (ISO 22868) Lp
ɉɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ
Aeq
=
ɨɛ/ɦɢɧ
ɨɛ/ɦɢɧ
ɞȻ (A)
ɞȻ (A)
Ƚɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɜɭɤɚ:
(2000/14/EC) L
ȼɢɛɪɚɰɢɹ: (ISO 22867) Ɂɚɹɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ a
ɉɟɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɪɭɱɤɚ
Ɂɚɞɧɹɹ ɪɭɱɤɚ
ɉɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ
= ɞȻ (A) 117
WAav
hveq
ɦ/ɫ
ɦ/ɫ
ɦ/ɫ
2
2
2
2-ɬɚɤɬɧɵɣ, ɨɞɧɨɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɨɜɵɣ,
ɫ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɦ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ
Ⱦɢɚɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ
Ɇɚɝɧɟɬɨ ɫ ɦɚɯɨɜɵɦ ɤɨɥɟɫɨɦ,
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ CDI ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ
NGK BPMR7A
Ɋɭɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɪɬɟɪ "Ʌɟɝɤɢɣ ɡɚɩɭɫɤ" (ɋɦ. ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɭ 2)
Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɚɹ ɦɭɮɬɚ ɫɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ
45,1
2,26
13500
2800 (2300 - 3100)
103,1
1,5
5,4
5,5
1,3
Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ: ɳɢɬɨɤ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɪɭɱɤɢ, ɳɢɬɨɤ ɡɚɞɧɟɣ ɪɭɱɤɢ,
ɛɥɨɤɢɪɚɬɨɪ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ,
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɰɟɩɢ, ɬɨɪɦɨɡ ɰɟɩɢ,
ɚɧɬɢɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ, ɡɭɛɱɚɬɵɣ ɛɚɦɩɟɪ
31
1Ɂɚɦɟɬɤɢɢ ɡɚɞɧɹɹɨɛɥɨɠɤɚ
7-2 SUEHIROCHO 1-CHOME, OHME, ɌɈɄɂɈ 198-8760, əɉɈɇɂə
ɌȿɅȿɎɈɇ: 81-428-32-6118. ɎȺɄɋ: 81-428-32-6145.
©
2014
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ɇɚɩɟɱɚɬɚɧɨ ɜ əɩɨɧɢɢ
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