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AP3988/89/90
Document number: DS36722 Rev. 3 - 2
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NE W P R OD UC T
CPC
FB
VCC
CS
C
C
GND
1
2
3
4
7
6
5
Description
The AP3988/89/90 is a performance enhanced power switcher for
power supplies with better conversion efficiency, better voltage &
current accuracy, and improved protection functions. Typical
applications include charger, adapter for ADSL, home appliance
power supply, LED lighting power supply and PC auxiliary power
supplies. The controller regulates the output voltage and current in
the primary side by piece-wise Pulse Frequency Modulation (pPFM) in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). The system
operating frequency reduces linearly from heavy load to light load
in each interval of the p-PFM, and enters constant current mode
when the load current equals to the maximum system output
current.
The AP3988/89/90 provides operating frequency dithering function
to improve EMC performance of power supply. The AP3988/89/90
also has built-in fixed cable voltage drop compensation (5% of
nominal system output voltage) and adjustable line voltage
compensation.
The AP3988/89/90 solution has fewer component number, smaller
size, and lower total cost.
The AP3988 is packaged in SO-7. The AP3989/90 is packaged in
PDIP-7.
Features
Primary Side Control for Eliminating Opto-coupler and
Secondary CV/CC Control Circuitry
Built-in NPN Transistor with 700V
CBO
Low Start-up Current: 0.2A (Typ.)
Internal Output Cable Voltage Drop Compensation
Hiccup Function to Improve Short Circuit Protection
Better Over Voltage Protection
Better Over Temperature Protection
Low Total Cost Solution
Output Power Range (Note 1):
AP3988 for 5.5W Adapter
AP3989 for 8W Adapter
AP3990 for 12W Adapter
Totally Lead-free & Fully RoHS Compliant (Note 2 & 3)
Halogen and Antimony Free. “Green” Device (Note 4)
Pin Assignments
(Top View)
SO-7 (M Package) For AP3988
(Top View)
PDIP-7 (P7 Package) For AP3989/90
Applications
Adapters
Set Top Boxes
Auxiliary Supplies
Appliances
1
2
3
4
7
6
5
CPC
FB
VCC
CS
C
C
GND
PRIMARY SIDE POWER SWITCHER FOR OFF-LINE SMPS
Notes: 1. Typical continuous power in a non-ventilated enclosed adapter measured at +50°C ambient.
3. See http://www.diodes.com/quality/lead_free.html for more information about Diodes Incorporated’s definitions of Halogen- and Antimony-free, "Green"
and Lead-free.
4. Halogen- and Antimony-free "Green” products are defined as those which contain <900ppm bromine, <900ppm chlorine (<1500ppm total Br + Cl) and
<1000ppm antimony compounds.
2. No purposely added lead. Fully EU Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS) & 2011/65/EU (RoHS 2) compliant.
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NE W P R OD UC T
+
J1
AC 90-264V
D1 to D4
C2
Rf1
+
C1
D6
L1
T1
FB
C
VCC
CS
+
C3
U1
CPC
C8
R5
C11
Np
Ns
Nfb
D5
C5
R6
Vo+
Vo-
C10
GND
D12
+
C12
R11
R12
C13
+
R10
R3
R8
R9
R7
L2
Item
Function
QTY
Item
Function
QTY
C1,C2
10µF/400V, electrolytic
2
U1
AP3990, PDIP-7
1
C3
4.7µF/50V, electrolytic
1
Rf1
2A/250V, fuse
1
C5
1nF/250V, ceramic
1
R3
3.3M/0.25W
1
C8
0.1µF, 0805
1
R5
3.9, 0805
1
C10
1nF/250VAC, Y1 capacitor
1
R6
150k, 0.25W
1
C11
1nF, 0805
1
R7
0.62, 1206
1
C12, C13
470µF/16V
2
R8
31k, 0805
1
D1 to D6
1N4007, rectifier diode
6
R9
13k, 0805
1
D12
MBR3100, Schottky diode
1
R10
360, 0805
1
L1
15mH, Common inductor, EE10
1
R11
27, 0805
1
L2
10µH/1A, inductor, 0805
1
R12
1.2k, 0805
1
– – –
T1
EE20 core, PC40, transformer
1
Typical Applications Circuit
For AP3990 (12V/1A)
Page 3
AP3988/89/90
Document number: DS36722 Rev. 3 - 2
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NE W P R OD UC T
Pin Number
Pin Name
Function
1
CPC
This pin connects a capacitor to GND for output cable compensation
2
FB
The voltage feedback from auxiliary winding
3
VCC
This pin receives rectified voltage from the auxiliary winding of the transformer
4
CS
Current sense for primary side of transformer
5, 6
C
This pin is connected with an internal power BJT’s collector
7
GND
This pin is the signal reference ground
Regulator
&
Bias
OVP
OCkP
OTP
PFM
UVLO
CV_ctrl
PFM
Driver
R
Q
S
R
Q
S
FB
CS
CPC
VCC
CS
GND
Constant Voltage Control
Cable Compensation
Constant Current
Control
0.05V
V
FB_ref
3
4
7
1
2
V
CSN(N=1,2,3)
COMP
Peak Current Control
LEB
Frequency Dither
V
CSN
Select
Dynamic
Response
Pro
Dyn
Shutdown
Pre_Shutdown
Line
Comp.
t
ONS
t
ONS
, NL and LL
Detector
OSC
UV
UV
Vload
Vally
ON
Vload
CC_ctrl
Max Tonp
Rcs Short
Output Short
t
ONS
LL
NL
CPC
t
OSC
Detect
Pulse
(LL+NL)Bar
NL
Vload
UV
CV_M
DetectON
DetectON
LL
Vload
V
CSN(N=1,2,3)
tosc
NL LL
C
5, 6
Pin Descriptions
Functional Block Diagram
Page 4
AP3988/89/90
Document number: DS36722 Rev. 3 - 2
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NE W P R OD UC T
Symbol
Parameter
Rating
Unit
VCC
Supply Voltage
-0.3 to 30
V
VCS, V
CPC
Voltage on CS, CPC Pin
-0.3 to 7
V
VFB
FB Input Voltage
-0.3 to 8
V
V
CBO
Collector-emitter Voltage
700
V
I
CDC
Collector DC Current
AP3988/89
1.5
A
AP3990
4
TJ
Operating Junction Temperature
+150
°C
T
STG
Storage Temperature
-65 to +150
°C
T
LEAD
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec)
+300
°C
–
ESD (Machine Model)
200
V
–
ESD (Human Body Model)
2000
V
PD
Total Power Dissipation
AP3988
0.7
W
AP3989
0.9
AP3990
1.1
Symbol
Parameter
Min
Max
Unit
VCC
Supply Voltage
–
25
V
TOP
Operating Temperature Range
-40
+85
°C
f
S(MAX)
Maximum Operating Frequency
–
60
kHz
Symbol
Parameter
Value
Unit
θ
JA
Junction to Ambient
AP3988
100
°C/W
AP3989
80
AP3990
65
θ
JC
Junction to Case
AP3988
50
AP3989
40
AP3990
35
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 5)
Note 5: Stresses greater than those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “Recommended Operating Condi tions” is not implied.
Exposure to “Absolute Maximum Ratings” for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Recommended Operating Conditions
Thermal Impedance (Note 6)
Note 6: When mounted a standard single-sided FR4 board with 300mm2 Cu (at least 35µm thick) connected to all collectors and CS pins.
Page 5
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Document number: DS36722 Rev. 3 - 2
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NE W P R OD UC T
Symbol
Parameters
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
STARTUP AND UVLO SECTION
V
TH_ST
Turn-on Voltage
–
13
15
17
V
V
OPR(MIN)
Turn-off Voltage
–
5.2
5.8
6.4
V
STANDBY CURRENT SECTION
IST
Turn-on Current
VCC=V
TH_ST
-1V before
startup
0
0.2
0.6
μA
I
CC_OPR
Operating Current
Static current @ no load
550
650
750
OPERATING FREQUENCY SECTION (5% LOAD TO FULL LOAD)
f
S(MAX)
Operating Frequency in Full Load
Condition
–
– – 60
kHz
Δf/f
Frequency Dithering
5% to 100% of full load
range
4.5 5 5.5
%
OPERATING FREQUENCY SECTION (NO LOAD TO 5% OF I
OUT(MAX)
)
f
S(MIN)
Output Voltage Detection Frequency
–
1.8 2 2.2
kHz
CURRENT SENSE SECTION
V
CS_H
Peak Current Sense Voltage in Heavy
Load
40% to 100% of full load
874
910
946
mV
V
CS_M
Peak Current Sense Voltage in Middle
Load
18% to 40% of full load
581
605
630
mV
V
CS_L
Peak Current Sense Voltage in Light
Load
5% to 18% of full load
390
405
425
mV
V
CS_EL
Peak Current Sense Voltage in ExtraLight Load
0% to 5% of full load
216
225
234
mV
ΔVCS/VCS
V
CS
Modulation for Frequency Dithering
–
–
2.5 – %
t
MOD
VCS Modulation Period
–
14.4
16
17.6
ms
R
LINE
Built-in Line Compensation Resistor
–
260
330
400
Ω
t
LEB
Leading Edge Blanking
@ V
CS_H
and V
CS_M
410
500
575
ns
@ V
CS_EL
155
200
245
ns
CONSTANT VOLTAGE SECTION
VFB
Equivalent Feedback Voltage @ Light
Load
Closed loop test of V
OUT
3.94
4.00
4.06
V
IFB
FB Pin Input Current
VFB=4V
3.36
4.20
5.04
μA
V
CABLE/VOUT
Cable Compensation Ratio
(V
FB@FULLLOAD-VFB
)/VFB
5.65
6.00
6.40
%
CONSTANT CURRENT SECTION
t
ONS/tSW
Secondary Winding Conduction Duty
VFB=2V
–
4/7 – –
POWER TRANSISTOR SECTION
V
CE(SAT)
Collector-emitter Saturation Voltage
AP3988/89: IC=0.5A
AP3990: IC=1A
– – 0.3
V
hFE
DC Current Gain
AP3988/89
14
17 – –
AP3990
17
26 – –
I
CEO
Leakage Current
–
– – 60
μA
PROTECTION FUNCTION SECTION
V
FB(OVP)
Over Voltage Protection
–
–
7.5 – V
V
FB(SCP)
Short Circuit Protection
VFB @ Hiccup
1.4
1.5
1.6
V
T
OTP
Shutdown Temperature
–
+125
+160 – °C
T
HYS
Temperature Hysteresis
–
–
+40 – °C
–
Driver Protection Voltage
–
4 5 6
V
Electrical Characteristics (@V
=15V, TJ=+25°C, unless otherwise specified.)
CC
Page 6
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A Product Line of
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NE W P R OD UC T
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
Turn-off Voltage (V)
Ambient Temperature (oC)
125
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
500
550
600
650
700
750
Operating Current (
A)
Ambient Temperature (oC)
125
+
C1
+
C
O
V
O
D1
R
FB1
R
FB2
R
CS
C
FB
CS
GND
AP3988/89/90
N
S
N
AUX
N
P
I
OUT
V
S
V
AUX
V
IN
L
M
CPC
C
CPC
Q1
V
bulk
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
Turn on Voltage (V)
Ambient Temperature (oC)
Performance Characteristics
Turn-on Voltage vs. Ambient Temperature Turn-off Voltage vs. Ambient Temperature
Operating Current vs. Ambient Temperature
Operation Description
Figure 1. Simplified Flyback Converter Controlled by AP3988/89/90
Page 7
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NE W P R OD UC T
M
b
L
tV
dt
tdi)()(
ulk
p
ip(t)
0A
See equation 2
I
PK
CS
CS
PK
R
V
I
2
g
2
1
PKM
ILE
SWPKM
fILP
2
2
1
d
S
AUX
AUX
VV
N
N
V
O
See equation 5
V
AUX
0V
Portion of T
ons
T
ons
Operation Description (Cont.)
Constant Primary Peak Current
The primary ip(t) current is sensed by a current sense resistor R
The current rises up linearly at a rate of:
……… (1)
As illustrated in Figure 2, when the current i
………(2)
(t) rises up to I
p
Figure 2. Primary Current Waveform
, the switch Q1 turns off. The constant peak current is given by:
PK
as shown in Figure 1.
CS
The energy stored in the magnetizing inductance LM each cycle is therefore:
………(3)
So the power transferring from input to output is given by:
………(4)
Where fSW is the switching frequency. When the peak current IPK is constant, the output power depends on the switching frequency fSW.
Constant Voltage Operation
The AP3988/89/90 captures the auxiliary winding feedback voltage at FB pin and operates in constant-voltage (CV) mode to regulate the output
voltage. Assuming the secondary winding is master, the auxiliary winding is slave during the D1 on-time. The auxiliary voltage is given by:
………(5)
Where Vd is the diode forward drop voltage, N
is the turns of auxiliary winding, and NS is the turns of secondary winding.
AUX
The output voltage is different from the secondary voltage in a diode forward drop voltage Vd which depends on the current. If the secondary
voltage is always detected at a constant secondary current, the difference between the output voltage and the secondary voltage will be a fixed Vd.
The voltage detection point is portion of T
regulate the output voltage.
Figure 3. Auxiliary Voltage Waveform
after D1 is turned on. The CV loop control function of AP3988/89/90 then generates a D1 off-time to
ons
Page 8
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Document number: DS36722 Rev. 3 - 2
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NE W P R OD UC T
I
s
0A
See equation 7
T
ons
T
offs
I
OUT
3
4
offs
ons
T
T
offsons
ons
PKSOUT
TT
T
II
2
1
PK
S
P
PKS
I
N
N
I
PK
S
P
OUT
I
N
N
I
7
2
Operation Description (Cont.)
Constant Current Operation
The AP3988/89/90 is designed to work in constant current (CC) mode. Figure 4 shows the secondary current waveforms.
In CC operation, the CC loop control function of AP3988/89/90 will keep a fixed proportion between D1 on-time T
discharging or charging the built-in capacitance connected. This fixed proportion is
……… (6)
The relation between the output constant-current and secondary peak current I
At the instant of D1 turn-on, the primary current transfers to the secondary at an amplitude of:
Thus the output constant current is given by:
Leading Edge Blanking (LEB)
When the power switch is turned on, a turn-on spike on the output pulse rising edge will occur on the sense-resistor. To avoid false termination of
the switching pulse, a typical 500ns leading edge blanking is built in. During this blanking period, the current sense comparator is disabled and the
gate driver cannot be switched off.
The built-in LEB in AP3988/89/90 has shorter delay time from current sense terminal to output pulse than those IC solutions adopting external RC
filter as LEB.
Built-in Cable Compensation
The AP3988/89/90 has built-in fixed voltage of 0.35V typical to compensate the drop of output cable when the load is changed from zero to full
load. A typical 10nF external capacitor connected to the CPC pin is used to smooth voltage signal for cable compensation.
Over Temperature Protection
The AP3988/89/90 has internal thermal sensing circuit to shut down the PFM driver output when the die temperature reaches 160°C typical. When
the die temperature drops about 40°C, the IC will recover automatically to normal operation.
………(8)
………(9)
………(7)
Figure 4. Secondary Current Waveform
is given by:
PKS
and D1 off-time T
ons
offs
by
Page 9
AP3988/89/90
Document number: DS36722 Rev. 3 - 2
9 of 13
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NE W P R OD UC T
AP39XX XX XX - G1
Packing
Package
TR : Tape & Reel
M : SO-7
G1 : Green
Product Name
RoHS/Green
Product Version
88 : AP3988
89 : AP3989
90 : AP3990
P7 : PDIP-7
Blank : Tube
Package
Temperature Range
Part Number
Marking ID
Packing
SO-7
-40°C to +85°C
AP3988MTR-G1
3988M-G1
4000/Tape & Reel
PDIP-7
AP3989P7-G1
AP3989P7-G1
50/Tube
AP3990P7-G1
AP3990P7-G1
50/Tube
First and Second Lines: Logo and Marking ID
Third Line: Date Code
Y: Year
WW: Work Week of Molding
A: Assembly House Code
XX: 7th and 8th Digits of Batch No.
First Line: Logo and Marking ID
Second Line: Date Code
Y: Year
WW: Work Week of Molding
A: Assembly House Code
XX: 7th and 8th Digits of Batch No.
Ordering Information
Diodes IC’s Pb-free products with "G1" suffix in the part number, are RoHS compliant and green.
Marking Information
Page 10
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Document number: DS36722 Rev. 3 - 2
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NE W P R OD UC T
3.800(0.150)
4.000(0.157)
1.270(0.050)
TYP
4.700(0.185)
5.100(0.201)
0.330(0.013)
0.510(0.020)
0.190(0.007)
0.250(0.010)
0.100(0.004)
0.250(0.010)
1.350(0.053)
1.750(0.069)
0.450(0.017)
0.800(0.031)
8
°
0
°
5.800(0.228)
6.200(0.244)
2.54(0.100)
TYP
1.250(0.049)
1.500(0.059)
Note: Eject hole, oriented hole and mold mark is optional.
Package Outline Dimensions (All dimensions in mm(inch).)
(1) Package Type: SO-7
Page 11
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Document number: DS36722 Rev. 3 - 2
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NE W P R OD UC T
8.400(0.331)
9.000(0.354)
0.204(0.008)
0.360(0.014)
7.320(0.288)
9.000(0.354)
9.400(0.370)
3.
710
(0.146)
4.310(0.170)
3.000(0.118)
3.600(0.142)
2.540(0.100)BSC
6.200(0.244)
6.600(0.260)
3.200(0.126)
3.600(0.142)
0.510(0.020)MIN
1
.524(0.060)
BSC
Note: Eject hole, oriented hole and mold mark is optional.
0.380(0.015)
0.570(0.022)
7.920(0.312)
Package Outline Dimensions (cont.) (All dimensions in mm (inch).)
(2) Package Type: PDIP-7
Page 12
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NE W P R OD UC T
Z
G
E1
E
X
Y
Dimensions
Z
(mm)/(inch)
G
(mm)/(inch)
X
(mm)/(inch)
Y
(mm)/(inch)
E
(mm)/(inch)
E1
(mm)/(inch)
Value
6.900/0.272
3.900/0.154
0.650/0.026
1.500/0.059
1.270/0.050
2.540/0.100
Suggested Pad Layout
(1) Package Type: SO-7
Page 13
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NE W P R OD UC T
DIODES INCORPORATED MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH REGARDS TO THIS DOCUMENT,
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
(AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY JURISDICTION).
Diodes Incorporated and its subsidiaries reserve the right to make modifications, enhancements, improvements, corrections or other changes
without further notice to this document and any product described herein. Diodes Incorporated does not assume any liability arising out of the
application or use of this document or any product described herein; neither does Diodes Incorporated convey any license under its patent or
trademark rights, nor the rights of others. Any Customer or user of this document or products described herein in such applications shall assume
all risks of such use and will agree to hold Diodes Incorporated and all the companies whose products are represented on Diodes Incorporated
website, harmless against all damages.
Diodes Incorporated does not warrant or accept any liability whatsoever in respect of any products purchased through unauthorized sales channel.
Should Customers purchase or use Diodes Incorporated products for any unintended or unauthorized application, Customers shall indemnify and
hold Diodes Incorporated and its representatives harmless against all claims, damages, expenses, and attorney fees arising out of, directly or
indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized application.
Products described herein may be covered by one or more United States, international or foreign patents pending. Product names and markings
noted herein may also be covered by one or more United States, international or foreign trademarks.
This document is written in English but may be translated into multiple languages for reference. Only the English version of this document is the
final and determinative format released by Diodes Incorporated.
Diodes Incorporated products are specifically not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express
written approval of the Chief Executive Officer of Diodes Incorporated. As used herein:
A. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which:
1. are intended to implant into the body, or
2. support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the
labeling can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user.
B. A critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the
failure of the life support device or to affect its safety or effectiveness.
Customers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their life support devices or systems, and
acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety-related requirements concerning their products and any
use of Diodes Incorporated products in such safety-critical, life support devices or systems, notwithstanding any devices- or systems-related
information or support that may be provided by Diodes Incorporated. Further, Customers must fully indemnify Diodes Incorporated and its
representatives against any damages arising out of the use of Diodes Incorporated products in such safety-critical, life support devices or systems.
Copyright © 2014, Diodes Incorporated
www.diodes.com
IMPORTANT NOTICE
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