Dell Force10 S55T Configuration manual

Download

FTOS Configuration Guide for

the S55 System

FTOS 8.3.5.3

Notes, Cautions, and Warnings

NOTE: A NOTE indicates important information that helps you make better use of your computer.

CAUTION: A CAUTION indicates either potential damage to hardware or loss of data and tells you how to

avoid the problem.

WARNING: A WARNING indicates a potential for property damage, personal injury, or death.

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November 2012

1 About this Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

Information Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

Related Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

2 Configuration Fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Accessing the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

CLI Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Navigating CLI Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

The do Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

Undoing Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

Obtaining Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

Entering and Editing Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

Command History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

Filtering show Command Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

Multiple Users in Configuration mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

3 Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Console access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Serial console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Default Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

Configure a Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Access the System Remotely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

Access the C-Series and E-Series and the S4810 Remotely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

Access the S-Series Remotely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Configure the Enable Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Configuration File Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

Copy Files to and from the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Save the Running-configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

Configure the Overload bit for Startup Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

View Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

File System Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

View command history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

Upgrading FTOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

4 Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Configure Privilege Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

Create a Custom Privilege Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Apply a Privilege Level to a Username . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

Apply a Privilege Level to a Terminal Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

| 3

Configure Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Log Messages in the Internal Buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

Configuration Task List for System Log Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

Disable System Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

Send System Messages to a Syslog Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

Configure a Unix System as a Syslog Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

Change System Logging Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Display the Logging Buffer and the Logging Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

Configure a UNIX logging facility level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

Synchronize log messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Enable timestamp on syslog messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

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File Transfer Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Configuration Task List for File Transfer Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58

Terminal Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60

Deny and Permit Access to a Terminal Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Configure Login Authentication for Terminal Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

Time out of EXEC Privilege Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Telnet to Another Network Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

Lock CONFIGURATION mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

Viewing the Configuration Lock Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

Recovering from a Forgotten Password on the S55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Recovering from a Forgotten Enable Password on the S55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Recovering from a Failed Start on the S55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

5 802.1ag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Ethernet CFM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69

Maintenance Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

Maintenance Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Maintenance End Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Implementation Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Configure CFM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

Related Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

Enable Ethernet CFM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Create a Maintenance Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73

Create a Maintenance Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

Create Maintenance Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

Create a Maintenance End Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

Create a Maintenance Intermediate Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

MP Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Continuity Check Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Enable CCM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78

Enable Cross-checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78

Loopback Message and Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

4 |

Linktrace Message and Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78

Link Trace Cache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Enable CFM SNMP Traps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Display Ethernet CFM Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

6 802.1X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Protocol Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83

The Port-authentication Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84

EAP over RADIUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85

Configuring 802.1X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87

Related Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87

Important Points to Remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Enabling 802.1X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Configuring Request Identity Re-transmissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90

Configuring a Quiet Period after a Failed Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Forcibly Authorizing or Unauthorizing a Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Re-authenticating a Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93

Periodic Re-authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Configuring Timeouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94

Dynamic VLAN Assignment with Port Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Guest and Authentication-fail VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96

Configuring a Guest VLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97

Configuring an Authentication-fail VLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97

7 Access Control Lists (ACL), Prefix Lists, and Route-maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

IP Access Control Lists (ACLs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100

CAM Profiling, CAM Allocation, and CAM Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Implementing ACLs on FTOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103

IP Fragment Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Configure a standard IP ACL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Configure an extended IP ACL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109

Configuring Layer 2 and Layer 3 ACLs on an Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112

Assign an IP ACL to an Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112

Counting ACL Hits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Configuring Ingress ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Configuring Egress ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115

Egress Layer 3 ACL Lookup for Control-plane IP Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Configuring ACLs to Loopback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116

Applying an ACL on Loopback Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

IP Prefix Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Implementation Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Configuration Task List for Prefix Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

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ACL Resequencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Resequencing an ACL or Prefix List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124

Route Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Implementation Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Important Points to Remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Configuration Task List for Route Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126

8 Border Gateway Protocol IPv4 (BGPv4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Protocol Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136

Autonomous Systems (AS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Sessions and Peers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138

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Route Reflectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139

Confederations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140

BGP Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141

Best Path Selection Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141

Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Local Preference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Multi-Exit Discriminators (MEDs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144

Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

AS Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Next Hop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147

Multiprotocol BGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Implementing BGP with FTOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147

4-Byte AS Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148

AS4 Number Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149

AS Number Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151

BGP4 Management Information Base (MIB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Important Points to Remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153

Configuration Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154

BGP Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Configuration Task List for BGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

MBGP Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196

BGP Regular Expression Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

Debugging BGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

Storing Last and Bad PDUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198

Capturing PDUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199

PDU Counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Sample Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

6 |

9 Bare Metal Provisioning 2.0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211

Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

Jumpstart mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213

DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213

File Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .216

Domain Name Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Switch boot and set-up behavior in Jumpstart Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .216

10 Content Addressable Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Content Addressable Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

CAM Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

Microcode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

CAM Profiling for ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

Boot Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

When to Use CAM Profiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225

Important Points to Remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

Select CAM Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

CAM Allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

Test CAM Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227

View CAM Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228

View CAM-ACL settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228

View CAM Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229

CAM Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

Applications for CAM Profiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

LAG Hashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230

LAG Hashing based on Bidirectional Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231

CAM profile for the VLAN ACL group feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231

Troubleshoot CAM Profiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

CAM Profile Mismatches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231

QoS CAM Region Limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232

11 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Protocol Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233

DHCP Packet Format and Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234

Assigning an IP Address using DHCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235

Implementation Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

Configure the System to be a DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237

Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237

Configure the Server for Automatic Address Allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

Specify a Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239

Enable DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239

Configure a Method of Hostname Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240

Create Manual Binding Entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241

Debug DHCP server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241

| 7

DHCP Clear Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

Configure the System to be a Relay Agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242

Configure the System for User Port Stacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243

Configure Secure DHCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243

Option 82 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

DHCP Snooping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244

Drop DHCP packets on snooped VLANs only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246

Dynamic ARP Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247

Source Address Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249

12 Dell Force10 Resilient Ring Protocol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

www.dell.com | support.dell.com

Protocol Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253

Ring Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

Multiple FRRP Rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255

Important FRRP Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256

Important FRRP Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

Implementing FRRP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258

FRRP Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258

Troubleshooting FRRP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Configuration Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263

Sample Configuration and Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263

13 GARP VLAN Registration Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

Protocol Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265

Important Points to Remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265

Configuring GVRP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266

Related Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267

Enabling GVRP Globally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267

Enabling GVRP on a Layer 2 Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268

Configuring GVRP Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268

Configuring a GARP Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269

14 Internet Group Management Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

IGMP Implementation Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271

IGMP Protocol Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271

IGMP version 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

IGMP version 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273

Configuring IGMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

Related Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .276

Viewing IGMP Enabled Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .276

Selecting an IGMP Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277

Viewing IGMP Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

8 |

Adjusting Timers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278

Adjusting Query and Response Timers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278

Adjusting the IGMP Querier Timeout Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

Configuring a Static IGMP Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

Enabling IGMP Immediate-leave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279

IGMP Snooping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

IGMP Snooping Implementation Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280

Configuring IGMP Snooping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280

Enabling IGMP Immediate-leave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280

Disabling Multicast Flooding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .281

Specifying a Port as Connected to a Multicast Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .281

Configuring the Switch as Querier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .281

Fast Convergence after MSTP Topology Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282

Designating a Multicast Router Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

15 Interfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

Interface Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .284

View Basic Interface Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

Enable a Physical Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

Physical Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287

Configuration Task List for Physical Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

Overview of Layer Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288

Configure Layer 2 (Data Link) Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

Configure Layer 3 (Network) Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

Management Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290

Configure Management Interfaces on the E-Series and C-Series and on the S55 .290

Configure Management Interfaces on the S-Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

VLAN Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292

Loopback Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

Null Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

Port Channel Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294

Bulk Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

Interface Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

Bulk Configuration Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

Interface Range Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309

Define the Interface Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309

Choose an Interface-range Macro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309

Monitor and Maintain Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310

Maintenance using TDR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

Link Debounce Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312

Important Points to Remember about Link Debounce Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312

Assign a debounce time to an interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

Show debounce times in an interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313

| 9

Disable ports when one only SFM is available (E300 only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313

Disable port on one SFM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314

Link Dampening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

Important Points to Remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314

Enable Link Dampening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

Ethernet Pause Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

Threshold Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317

Enable Pause Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

Configure MTU Size on an Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319

Port-pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .320

Auto-Negotiation on Ethernet Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321

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View Advanced Interface Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323

Display Only Configured Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

Configure Interface Sampling Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

Dynamic Counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

16 IPv4 Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

IP Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .329

Implementation Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330

Configuration Task List for IP Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .330

Directed Broadcast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

Resolution of Host Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .334

ARP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337

Configuration Task List for ARP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337

ARP Learning via Gratuitous ARP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

ARP Learning via ARP Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340

Configurable ARP Retries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341

ICMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341

Configuration Task List for ICMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341

10 |

17 IPv6 Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

Protocol Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343

Extended Address Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344

Stateless Autoconfiguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .344

IPv6 Headers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345

Extension Header fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .347

Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .348

Implementing IPv6 with FTOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .350

ICMPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .352

Path MTU Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353

IPv6 Neighbor Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354

IPv6 Neighbor Discovery of MTU packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354

QoS for IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354

IPv6 Multicast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .355

SSH over an IPv6 Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

Configuration Task List for IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .356

Change your CAM-Profile on an E-Series system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

Adjust your CAM-Profile on an C-Series or S-Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .357

Assign an IPv6 Address to an Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358

Assign a Static IPv6 Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

Telnet with IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

SNMP over IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

Show IPv6 Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

Show an IPv6 Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

Show IPv6 Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362

Show the Running-Configuration for an Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

Clear IPv6 Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

18 iSCSI Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

iSCSI Optimization Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .367

Detection and Port Configuration for Dell Compellent Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

19 Link Aggregation Control Protoco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

Introduction to Dynamic LAGs and LACP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .369

Important Points to Remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .370

LACP modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

LACP Configuration Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

LACP Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .371

Monitor and Debugging LACP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373

Shared LAG State Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374

Configure Shared LAG State Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374

Important Points about Shared LAG State Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

Configure LACP as Hitless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

LACP Basic Configuration Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377

20 Layer 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

Managing the MAC Address Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

Clear the MAC Address Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .387

Set the Aging Time for Dynamic Entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .388

Configure a Static MAC Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .388

Display the MAC Address Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .389

MAC Learning Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389

mac learning-limit dynamic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390

mac learning-limit mac-address-sticky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391

mac learning-limit station-move . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391

| 11

Learning Limit Violation Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391

Station Move Violation Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392

Recovering from Learning Limit and Station Move Violations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392

Per-VLAN MAC Learning Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .393

NIC Teaming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .394

MAC Move Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .395

Microsoft Clustering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .395

Default Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396

Configuring the Switch for Microsoft Server Clustering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396

Enable and Disable VLAN Flooding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .397

Configuring Redundant Pairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .398

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Important Points about Configuring Redundant Pairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .399

Restricting Layer 2 Flooding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401

Far-end Failure Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .402

FEFD state changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403

Important Points to Remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404

Configuring FEFD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404

Debugging FEFD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405

21 Link Layer Discovery Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

802.1AB (LLDP) Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407

Protocol Data Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407

Optional TLVs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408

Management TLVs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .409

TIA-1057 (LLDP-MED) Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410

TIA Organizationally Specific TLVs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .411

Configuring LLDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

Related Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414

Important Points to Remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

LLDP Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

CONFIGURATION versus INTERFACE Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415

Enabling LLDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

Disabling and Undoing LLDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

Advertising TLVs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416

Viewing the LLDP Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

Viewing Information Advertised by Adjacent LLDP Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

Configuring LLDPDU Intervals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .419

Configuring Transmit and Receive Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420

Configuring a Time to Live . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

Debugging LLDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422

Relevant Management Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .423

12 |

22 Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427

Protocol Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .427

Implementation Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428

Configure Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .428

Related Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .428

Enable Multiple Spanning Tree Globally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .429

Add and Remove Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

Create Multiple Spanning Tree Instances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .429

Influence MSTP Root Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

Interoperate with Non-FTOS Bridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .431

Modify Global Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

Modify Interface Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .433

Configure an EdgePort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434

Flush MAC Addresses after a Topology Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .435

MSTP Sample Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .436

Debugging and Verifying MSTP Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440

23 Multicast Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

Implementation Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

Enable IP Multicast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .443

Multicast with ECMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

Implementation Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

First Packet Forwarding for Lossless Multicast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .445

Multicast Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446

IPv4 Multicast Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446

IPv6 Multicast Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .451

Multicast Traceroute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453

Multicast Quality of Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453

Optimize the E-Series for Multicast Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454

Allocate More Buffer Memory for Multicast WRED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454

Allocate More Bandwidth to Multicast using Egress WFQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454

Tune the Central Scheduler for Multicast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454

24 Open Shortest Path First (OSPFv2 and OSPFv3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457

Protocol Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .458

Autonomous System (AS) Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .458

Networks and Neighbors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .460

Router Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460

Designated and Backup Designated Routers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .462

Link-State Advertisements (LSAs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .463

Virtual Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464

Router Priority and Cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .464

| 13

Implementing OSPF with FTOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .465

Fast Convergence ( OSPFv2, IPv4 only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466

Multi-Process OSPF (OSPFv2, IPv4 only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .466

RFC-2328 Compliant OSPF Flooding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467

OSPF ACK Packing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .468

OSPF Adjacency with Cisco Routers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .468

Configuration Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .468

Configuration Task List for OSPFv2 (OSPF for IPv4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469

Troubleshooting OSPFv2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .486

Configuration Task List for OSPFv3 (OSPF for IPv6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

Troubleshooting OSPFv3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .494

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Sample Configurations for OSPFv2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495

Basic OSPFv2 Router Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495

25 PIM Sparse-Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497

Implementation Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497

Protocol Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .497

Requesting Multicast Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498

Refusing Multicast Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498

Sending Multicast Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498

Important Points to Remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499

Configure PIM-SM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499

Related Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .499

Enable PIM-SM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .500

Configurable S,G Expiry Timers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501

Configure a Static Rendezvous Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .502

Override Bootstrap Router Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .503

Configure a Designated Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503

Create Multicast Boundaries and Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .504

14 |

26 PIM Source-Specific Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505

Implementation Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507

Important Points to Remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507

Configure PIM-SM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507

Related Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .507

Enable PIM-SSM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507

Use PIM-SSM with IGMP version 2 Hosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508

27 Power over Ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511

Configuring Power over Ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .512

Related Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .513

Enabling PoE on a Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .513

Manage Ports using Power Priority and the Power Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515

Determine the Power Priority for a Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .515

Determine the Affect of a Port on the Power Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .517

Monitor the Power Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

Manage Power Priorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519

Recover from a Failed Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520

Deploying VOIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521

Create VLANs for an Office VOIP Deployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .521

Configure LLDP-MED for an Office VOIP Deployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522

Configure Quality of Service for an Office VOIP Deployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523

28 Port Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527

Important Points to Remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527

Port Monitoring on E-Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .528

E-Series TeraScale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528

E-Series ExaScale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529

Port Monitoring on C-Series and S-Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529

Configuring Port Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .532

Flow-based Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .534

29 Private VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537

Private VLAN Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .537

Private VLAN Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .539

Private VLAN Configuration Task List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .539

Private VLAN Configuration Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .543

30 Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547

Protocol Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .547

Implementation Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548

Configure Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548

Related Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548

Enable PVST+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549

Disable PVST+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549

Influence PVST+ Root Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549

Modify Global PVST+ Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .551

Modify Interface PVST+ Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552

Configure an EdgePort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553

PVST+ in Multi-vendor Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .554

PVST+ Extended System ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .554

PVST+ Sample Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .555

| 15

31 Quality of Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559

Implementation Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561

Port-based QoS Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561

Set dot1p Priorities for Incoming Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562

Honor dot1p Priorities on Ingress Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562

Configure Port-based Rate Policing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .563

Configure Port-based Rate Limiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564

Configure Port-based Rate Shaping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .565

Policy-based QoS Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565

Classify Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566

Create a QoS Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570

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Create Policy Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572

QoS Rate Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .577

Strict-priority Queueing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .578

Weighted Random Early Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .578

Create WRED Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .579

Apply a WRED profile to traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579

Configure WRED for Storm Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .579

Display Default and Configured WRED Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .580

Display WRED Drop Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .580

Allocating Bandwidth to Multicast Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .581

Pre-calculating Available QoS CAM Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .582

Viewing QoS CAM Entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583

32 Routing Information Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585

Protocol Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .585

RIPv1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .585

RIPv2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .586

Implementation Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586

Configuration Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .586

Configuration Task List for RIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .586

RIP Configuration Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .594

33 Remote Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601

Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601

Fault Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602

34 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607

Protocol Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .607

Configuring Rapid Spanning Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .607

Related Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .607

Important Points to Remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608

16 |

Configure Interfaces for Layer 2 Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608

Enable Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Globally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .609

Add and Remove Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612

Modify Global Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612

Modify Interface Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .613

Configure an EdgePort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614

Influence RSTP Root Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615

SNMP Traps for Root Elections and Topology Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .616

Fast Hellos for Link State Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .616

35 Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617

AAA Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617

Configuration Task List for AAA Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .618

AAA Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620

Configuration Task List for AAA Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .620

AAA Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .623

Privilege Levels Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623

Configuration Task List for Privilege Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624

RADIUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629

RADIUS Authentication and Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .629

Configuration Task List for RADIUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630

TACACS+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633

Configuration Task List for TACACS+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .633

TACACS+ Remote Authentication and Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635

Command Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637

Protection from TCP Tiny and Overlapping Fragment Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637

SCP and SSH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .637

Using SCP with SSH to copy a software image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .639

Secure Shell Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640

Troubleshooting SSH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643

Telnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643

VTY Line and Access-Class Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644

VTY Line Local Authentication and Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644

VTY Line Remote Authentication and Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645

VTY MAC-SA Filter Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645

36 Service Provider Bridging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647

VLAN Stacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .647

Important Points to Remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .648

Configure VLAN Stacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .648

Create Access and Trunk Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .649

Enable VLAN-Stacking for a VLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649

Configure the Protocol Type Value for the Outer VLAN Tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .650

| 17

FTOS Options for Trunk Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .651

Debug VLAN Stacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .652

VLAN Stacking in Multi-vendor Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .652

VLAN Stacking Packet Drop Precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .658

Enable Drop Eligibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .659

Honor the Incoming DEI Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659

Mark Egress Packets with a DEI Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660

Dynamic Mode CoS for VLAN Stacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .660

Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663

Implementation Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665

Enable Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666

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Specify a Destination MAC Address for BPDUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .666

Rate-limit BPDUs on the E-Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .666

Rate-limit BPDUs on the C-Series and S-Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .666

Debug Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667

Provider Backbone Bridging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667

37 sFlow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669

Implementation Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670

Important Points to Remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .670

Enable and Disable sFlow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671

Enable and Disable on an Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671

sFlow Show Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .672

Show sFlow Globally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .672

Show sFlow on an Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .672

Show sFlow on a Line Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .673

Specify Collectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .674

Polling Intervals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .674

Sampling Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674

Sub-sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .675

Back-off Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676

sFlow on LAG ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676

Extended sFlow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676

Important Points to Remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .677

18 |

38 Simple Network Management Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679

Protocol Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .679

Implementation Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679

Configure Simple Network Management Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679

Related Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .680

Important Points to Remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680

Create a Community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680

Read Managed Object Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681

Write Managed Object Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .682

Configure Contact and Location Information using SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682

Subscribe to Managed Object Value Updates using SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683

Copy Configuration Files Using SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686

Manage VLANs using SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .691

Create a VLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691

Assign a VLAN Alias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .692

Display the Ports in a VLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .692

Add Tagged and Untagged Ports to a VLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .694

Enable and Disable a Port using SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .696

Fetch Dynamic MAC Entries using SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .696

Deriving Interface Indices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697

39 Spanning Tree Protocol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701

Protocol Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .701

Configuring Spanning Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701

Related Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .701

Important Points to Remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702

Configuring Interfaces for Layer 2 Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .703

Enabling Spanning Tree Protocol Globally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .704

Adding an Interface to the Spanning Tree Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .707

Removing an Interface from the Spanning Tree Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707

Modifying Global Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .707

Modifying Interface STP Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708

Enabling PortFast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709

Preventing Network Disruptions with BPDU Guard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .711

STP Root Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .713

SNMP Traps for Root Elections and Topology Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .713

Configuring Spanning Trees as Hitless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .713

40 Stacking S-Series Switches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715

S-Series Stacking Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715

High Availability on S-Series Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .715

MAC Addressing on S-Series Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717

Management Access on S-Series Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721

Important Points to Remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 722

S-Series Stacking Installation Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .722

Create an S-Series Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 722

Add a Unit to an S-Series Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725

Remove a Unit from an S-Series Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .728

Merge Two S-Series Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729

Split an S-Series Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .730

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S-Series Stacking Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730

Assign Unit Numbers to Units in an S-Series Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730

Create a Virtual Stack Unit on an S-Series Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731

Display Information about an S-Series Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731

Influence Management Unit Selection on an S-Series Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .735

Manage Redundancy on an S-Series Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .736

Reset a Unit on an S-Series Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736

Monitor an S-Series Stack with SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736

Troubleshoot an S-Series Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .736

Recover from Stack Link Flaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .737

Recover from a Card Problem State on an S-Series Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .737

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Recover from a Card Mismatch State on an S-Series Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .738

41 Storm Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741

Configure Storm Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .741

Configure storm control from INTERFACE mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .741

Configure storm control from CONFIGURATION mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .742

42 System Time and Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743

Network Time Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .743

Protocol Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 744

Implementation Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745

Configuring Network Time Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .745

Enable NTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .746

Set the Hardware Clock with the Time Derived from NTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747

Configure NTP broadcasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .747

Disable NTP on an interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .747

Configure a source IP address for NTP packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .748

Configure NTP authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749

FTOS Time and Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .752

Configuring time and date settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 752

Set daylight savings time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .754

20 |

43 Upgrade Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759

Find the upgrade procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759

Get Help with upgrades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759

44 Virtual LANs (VLAN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761

Default VLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .762

Port-Based VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763

VLANs and Port Tagging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .763

Configuration Task List for VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764

VLAN Interface Counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .768

Native VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .768

Enable Null VLAN as the Default VLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .769

45 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771

VRRP Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771

VRRP Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773

VRRP Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773

VRRP Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .774

Configuration Task List for VRRP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .774

Sample Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782

46 S-Series Debugging and Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785

Offline diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785

Important Points to Remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .785

Running Offline Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .786

Trace logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .789

Auto Save on Crash or Rollover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790

Last restart reason (S55) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .790

show hardware commands (S55) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .790

Troubleshooting packet loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .791

Displaying Drop Counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .792

Dataplane Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .793

Displaying Stack Port Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795

Displaying Stack Member Counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .795

Application core dumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .796

Mini core dumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .796

47 Standards Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799

IEEE Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .799

RFC and I-D Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .800

MIB Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811

48 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813

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22 |

About this Guide

Objectives

This guide describes the protocols and features supported by the Dell Force10 Operating System (FTOS) and provides configuration instructions and examples for implementing them. It supports the system platforms E-Series, C-Series, and S-Series.

Though this guide contains information on protocols, it is not intended to be a complete reference. This guide is a reference for configuring protocols on Dell Force10 systems. For complete information on protocols, refer to other documentation including IETF Requests for Comment (RFCs). The instructions in this guide cite relevant RFCs, and Appendix 47, Standards Compliance contains a complete list of the supported RFCs and Management Information Base files (MIBs).

Audience

This document is intended for system administrators who are responsible for configuring and maintaining networks and assumes you are knowledgeable in Layer 2 and Layer 3 networking technologies.

Conventions

This document uses the following conventions to describe command syntax:

Convention Description

keyword

parameter

{X} Keywords and parameters within braces must be entered in the CLI. [X] Keywords and parameters within brackets are optional. x | y Keywords and parameters separated by bar require you to choose one.

Keywords are in bold and should be entered in the CLI as listed. Parameters are in italics and require a number or word to be entered in the CLI.

About this Guide | 23

Information Symbols

Table 1-1 describes symbols contained in this guide.

Table 1-1. Information Symbols

Symbol Warning Description

Note This symbol informs you of important operational information.

FTOS Behavior This symbol informs you of an FTOS behavior. These behaviors are

inherent to the Dell Force10 system or FTOS feature and are non-configurable.

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ces

et e

Platform Specific Feature

E-Series Specific Feature/Command

Exception This symbol is a note associated with some other text on the page that is

Configuration Fundamentals

The FTOS Command Line Interface (CLI) is a text-based interface through which you can configure interfaces and protocols. The CLI is largely the same for the E-Series, C-Series, and S-Series with the exception of some commands and command outputs. The CLI is structured in modes for security and management purposes. Different sets of commands are available in each mode, and you can limit user access to modes using privilege levels.

In FTOS, after a command is enabled, it is entered into the running configuration file. You can view the current configuration for the whole system or for a particular CLI mode. To save the current configuration copy the running configuration to another location.

Note: Due to a differences in hardware architecture and the continued system development, features may occasionally differ between the platforms. These differences are identified by the information symbols shown on Table 1-1 on page 24.

Accessing the Command Line

Access the command line through a serial console port or a Telnet session (Figure 2-1). When the system successfully boots, you enter the command line in the EXEC mode.

Note: You must have a password configured on a virtual terminal line before you can Telnet into the system. Therefore, you must use a console connection when connecting to the system for the first time.

Figure 2-1. Logging into the System using Telnet

telnet 172.31.1.53

Trying 172.31.1.53...

Connected to 172.31.1.53.

Escape character is '^]'.

EXEC mode prompt

Configuration Fundamentals | 25

CLI Modes

Different sets of commands are available in each mode. A command found in one mode cannot be executed from another mode (with the exception of EXEC mode commands preceded by the command see The do Command on page 30). You can set user access rights to commands and command modes using privilege levels; for more information on privilege levels and security options, refer to Chapter 9, Security,

on page 627.

The FTOS CLI is divided into three major mode levels:

• EXEC mode is the default mode and has a privilege level of 1, which is the most restricted level. Only

a limited selection of commands is available, notably system information.

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• EXEC Privilege mode has commands to view configurations, clear counters, manage configuration

files, run diagnostics, and enable or disable debug operations. The privilege level is 15, which is unrestricted. You can configure a password for this mode; see Configure the Enable Password on

page 40.

• CONFIGURATION mode enables you to configure security features, time settings, set logging and

SNMP functions, configure static ARP and MAC addresses, and set line cards on the system.

Beneath CONFIGURATION mode are sub-modes that apply to interfaces, protocols, and features.

Figure 2-2 illustrates this sub-mode command structure. Two sub-CONFIGURATION modes are

important when configuring the chassis for the first time:

do;

show commands, which allow you to view

• INTERFACE sub-mode is the mode in which you configure Layer 2 and Layer 3 protocols and IP

services specific to an interface. An interface can be physical (Management interface, 1-Gigabit Ethernet, 10-Gigabit Ethernet) or logical (Loopback, Null, port channel, or VLAN).

• LINE sub-mode is the mode in which you to configure the console and virtual terminal lines.

Note: At any time, entering a question mark (?) will display the available command options. For example, when you are in CONFIGURATION mode, entering the question mark first will list all available commands, including the possible sub-modes.

26 | Configuration Fundamentals

Figure 2-2. CLI Modes in FTOS

EXEC EXEC Privilege CONFIGURATION ARCHIVE AS-PATH ACL INTERFACE GIGABIT ETHERNET 10 GIGABIT ETHERNET INTERFACE RANGE LOOPBACK MANAGEMENT ETHERNET NULL PORT-CHANNEL SONET VLAN VRRP IP IPv6 IP COMMUNITY-LIST IP ACCESS-LIST STANDARD ACCESS-LIST EXTENDED ACCESS-LIST LINE AUXILIARY CONSOLE VIRTUAL TERMINAL MAC ACCESS-LIST MONITOR SESSION MULTIPLE SPANNING TREE Per-VLAN SPANNING TREE PREFIX-LIST RAPID SPANNING TREE REDIRECT ROUTE-MAP ROUTER BGP ROUTER ISIS ROUTER OSPF ROUTER RIP SPANNING TREE TRACE-LIST

Navigating CLI Modes

The FTOS prompt changes to indicate the CLI mode. Table 2-1 lists the CLI mode, its prompt, and information on how to access and exit this CLI mode. You must move linearly through the command modes, with the exception of the command moves you up one command mode level.

Note: Sub-CONFIGURATION modes all have the letters “conf” in the prompt with additional modifiers to identify the mode and slot/port information. These are shown in Table 2-1.

end command which takes you directly to EXEC Privilege mode; the exit

Configuration Fundamentals | 27

Table 2-1. FTOS Command Modes

CLI Command Mode Prompt

EXEC

EXEC Privilege

CONFIGURATION

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Note: Access all of the following modes from CONFIGURATION mode.

ARCHIVE Force10(conf-archive) archive AS-PATH ACL Force10(config-as-path)# ip as-path access-list Gigabit Ethernet

Interface

10 Gigabit Ethernet Interface

Interface Range

Force10>

Force10#

Force10(conf)#

Force10(conf-if-gi0/0)#

Force10(conf-if-te0/0)#

Force10(conf-if-ran ge)#

Access Command

Access the router through the console or Telnet.

• From EXEC mode, enter the command enable.

• From any other mode, use the command end.

• From EXEC privilege mode, enter the command

configure.

• From every mode except EXEC and EXEC Privilege, enter the command

exit.

Loopback Interface

Management Ethernet Interface

Force10(conf-if-lo-

0)#

Force10(conf-if-ma-0/0)#

interface

INTERFACE modes

Null Interface Force10(conf-if-nu-0)# Port-channel Interface Force10(conf-if-po-0)#

VLAN Interface Force10(conf-if-vl-0)# STANDARD ACCESS-

LIST EXTENDED ACCESS-

LIST

Force10(config-std-nacl)#

Force10(config-ext-nacl)#

ip access-list standard

ip access-list extended

IP ACCESS-LIST

IP COMMUNITY-LIST Force10(config-community-list)# ip community-list AUXILIARY Force10(config-line-aux)# CONSOLE Force10(config-line-console)#

LINE

VIRTUAL TERMINAL Force10(config-line-vty)#

line

28 | Configuration Fundamentals

Table 2-1. FTOS Command Modes (continued)

CLI Command Mode Prompt

STANDARD ACCESSLIST

EXTENDED ACCESSLIST

Force10(config-std-macl)# mac access-list standard

Force10(config-ext-macl)# mac access-list extended

MAC ACCESS-LIST

MULTIPLE SPANNING TREE

Per-VLAN SPANNING TREE Plus

PREFIX-LIST Force10(conf-nprefixl)# ip prefix-list RAPID SPANNING

TREE REDIRECT Force10(conf-redirect-list)# ip redirect-list ROUTE-MAP Force10(config-route-map)# route-map ROUTER BGP Force10(conf-router_bgp)# router bgp

Force10(config-mstp)#

Force10(config-pvst)#

Force10(config-rstp)#

Access Command

protocol spanning-tree mstp

protocol spanning-tree pvst

protocol spanning-tree rstp

ROUTER ISIS Force10(conf-router_isis)# router isis ROUTER OSPF Force10(conf-router_ospf)# router ospf ROUTER RIP

Force10(conf-router

router rip

_rip)#

SPANNING TREE Force10(config-span)# protocol spanning-tree 0 TRACE-LIST Force10(conf-trace-acl)# ip trace-list

Figure 2-3 illustrates how to change the command mode from CONFIGURATION mode to PROTOCOL

SPANNING TREE.

Figure 2-3. Changing CLI Modes

Force10(conf)#protocol spanning-tree 0 Force10(config-span)#

New command prompt

Configuration Fundamentals | 29

The do Command

Enter an EXEC mode command from any CONFIGURATION mode (CONFIGURATION, INTERFACE, SPANNING TREE, etc.) without returning to EXEC mode by preceding the EXEC mode command with the command

Note: The following commands cannot be modified by the do command: enable, disable, exit, and

configure.

Figure 2-4. Using the do Command

Force10(conf)#do show linecard all

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-- Line cards -Slot Status NxtBoot ReqTyp CurTyp Version Ports

-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 not present 1 not present 2 online online E48TB E48TB 1-1-463 48 3 not present 4 not present 5 online online E48VB E48VB 1-1-463 48

do. Figure 2-4 illustrates the do command.

“do” form of show command

Undoing Commands

When you enter a command, the command line is added to the running configuration file. Disable a command and remove it from the running-config by entering the original command preceded by the command

ip-address

Note: Use the help or ? command as discussed in Obtaining Help command to help you construct the “no” form of a command.

Figure 2-5. Undoing a command with the no Command

Force10(conf)#interface gigabitethernet 4/17 Force10(conf-if-gi-4/17)#ip address 192.168.10.1/24 Force10(conf-if-gi-4/17)#show config ! interface GigabitEthernet 4/17 ip address 192.168.10.1/24 no shutdown Force10(conf-if-gi-4/17)#no ip address Force10(conf-if-gi-4/17)#show config ! interface GigabitEthernet 4/17

Layer 2 protocols are disabled by default. Enable them using the no disable command. For example, in PROTOCOL SPANNING TREE mode, enter

no. For example, to delete an ip address configured on an interface, use the no ip address

command, as shown in Figure 2-5.

IP address removed

IP address assigned

“no” form of IP address command

no disable to enable Spanning Tree.

30 | Configuration Fundamentals

Obtaining Help

Obtain a list of keywords and a brief functional description of those keywords at any CLI mode using the ?

help command:

• Enter

? at the prompt or after a keyword to list the keywords available in the current mode.

•

? after a prompt lists all of the available keywords. The output of this command is the same for the help command.

Figure 2-6. ? Command Example

Force10#? calendar Manage the hardware calendar cd Change current directory change Change subcommands clear Reset functions clock Manage the system clock configure Configuring from terminal copy Copy from one file to another debug Debug functions

--More--

“?” at prompt for list of commands

• ? after a partial keyword lists all of the keywords that begin with the specified letters.

Figure 2-7. Keyword? Command Example

Force10(conf)#cl? class-map clock Force10(conf)#cl

partial keyword plus “[space]?” for matching keywords

• A keyword followed by [space]? lists all of the keywords that can follow the specified keyword.

Figure 2-8. Keyword ? Command Example

Force10(conf)#clock ? summer-time Configure summer (daylight savings) time timezone Configure time zone Force10(conf)#clock

keyword plus “[space]?” for compatible keywords

Entering and Editing Commands

When entering commands:

• The CLI is not case sensitive.

• You can enter partial CLI keywords.

• You must enter the minimum number of letters to uniquely identify a command. For example, cannot be entered as a partial keyword because both the clock and class-map commands begin with the letters “cl.” begins with those three letters.

• The TAB key auto-completes keywords in commands. You must enter the minimum number of letters to uniquely identify a command.

clo, however, can be entered as a partial keyword because only one command

Configuration Fundamentals | 31

• The UP and DOWN arrow keys display previously entered commands (see Command History).

• The BACKSPACE and DELETE keys erase the previous letter.

• Key combinations are available to move quickly across the command line, as described in Table 2-2.

Table 2-2. Short-Cut Keys and their Actions

Key Combination Action

CNTL-A Moves the cursor to the beginning of the command line. CNTL-B Moves the cursor back one character. CNTL-D Deletes character at cursor. CNTL-E Moves the cursor to the end of the line. CNTL-F Moves the cursor forward one character.

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CNTL-I Completes a keyword. CNTL-K Deletes all characters from the cursor to the end of the command line. CNTL-L Re-enters the previous command. CNTL-N Return to more recent commands in the history buffer after recalling commands with CTRL-P or the

UP arrow key. CNTL-P Recalls commands, beginning with the last command CNTL-R Re-enters the previous command. CNTL-U Deletes the line. CNTL-W Deletes the previous word. CNTL-X Deletes the line. CNTL-Z Ends continuous scrolling of command outputs. Esc B Moves the cursor back one word.

Esc F Moves the cursor forward one word. Esc D Deletes all characters from the cursor to the end of the word.

Command History

FTOS maintains a history of previously-entered commands for each mode. For example:

• When you are in EXEC mode, the UP and DOWN arrow keys display the previously-entered EXEC mode commands.

• When you are in CONFIGURATION mode, the UP or DOWN arrows keys recall the previously-entered CONFIGURATION mode commands.

32 | Configuration Fundamentals

Filtering show Command Outputs

Filter the output of a show command to display specific information by adding | [except | find | grep |

no-more | save

filtering and it IS case sensitive unless the

] specified_text after the command. The variable specified_text is the text for which you are

ignore-case sub-option is implemented.

Starting with FTOS 7.8.1.0, the

grep command accepts an ignore-case sub-option that forces the search to

case-insensitive. For example, the commands:

• show run | grep Ethernet returns a search result with instances containing a capitalized “Ethernet,” such as interface GigabitEthernet 0/0.

•

show run | grep ethernet would not return that search result because it only searches for instances

containing a non-capitalized “ethernet.”

Executing the command

show run | grep Ethernet ignore-case would return instances containing both

“Ethernet” and “ethernet.”

grep displays only the lines containing specified text. Figure 2-9 shows this command used in

• combination with the command

show linecard all.

Figure 2-9. Filtering Command Outputs with the grep Command

Force10(conf)#do show linecard all | grep 0 0 not present

Note: FTOS accepts a space or no space before and after the pipe. To filter on a phrase with spaces, underscores, or ranges, enclose the phrase with double quotation marks.

• except displays text that does not match the specified text. Figure 2-10 shows this command used in combination with the command

show linecard all.

Figure 2-10. Filtering Command Outputs with the except Command

Force10#show linecard all | except 0

-- Line cards -Slot Status NxtBoot ReqTyp CurTyp Version Ports

-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 not present 3 not present 4 not present 5 not present 6 not present

Configuration Fundamentals | 33

• find displays the output of the show command beginning from the first occurrence of specified text

Figure 2-11 shows this command used in combination with the command

Figure 2-11. Filtering Command Outputs with the find Command

Force10(conf)#do show linecard all | find 0 0 not present 1 not present 2 online online E48TB E48TB 1-1-463 48 3 not present 4 not present 5 online online E48VB E48VB 1-1-463 48 6 not present 7 not present

show linecard all.

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• display displays additional configuration information.

•

no-more displays the output all at once rather than one screen at a time. This is similar to the command terminal length except that the no-more option affects the output of the specified command only.

•

save copies the output to a file for future reference.

Note: You can filter a single command output multiple times. The save option should be the last option

entered. For example:

Force10# command | grep regular-expression | except

regular-expression | grep other-regular-expression | find regular-expression |

save

Multiple Users in Configuration mode

FTOS notifies all users in the event that there are multiple users logged into CONFIGURATION mode. A warning message indicates the username, type of connection (console or vty), and in the case of a vty connection, the IP address of the terminal on which the connection was established. For example:

• On the system that telnets into the switch, Message 1 appears:

Message 1 Multiple Users in Configuration mode Telnet Message

% Warning: The following users are currently configuring the system: User "<username>" on line console0

• On the system that is connected over the console, Message 2 appears:

Message 2 Multiple Users in Configuration mode Telnet Message

% Warning: User "<username>" on line vty0 "10.11.130.2" is in configuration mode

If either of these messages appears, Dell Force10 recommends that you coordinate with the users listed in the message so that you do not unintentionally overwrite each other’s configuration changes.

34 | Configuration Fundamentals

Getting Started

This chapter contains the following major sections:

• Default Configuration

• Configure a Host Name

• Access the System Remotely

• Configure the Enable Password

• Configuration File Management

• File System Management

When you power up the chassis, the system performs\ a Power-On Self Test (POST) during which Route Processor Module (RPM), Switch Fabric Module (SFM), and line card status LEDs blink green.The system then loads FTOS and boot messages scroll up the terminal window during this process. No user interaction is required if the boot process proceeds without interruption.

When the boot process is complete, the RPM and line card status LEDs remain online (green), and the console monitor displays the EXEC mode prompt.

For details on using the Command Line Interface (CLI), refer to Accessing the Command Line in the

Configuration Fundamentals chapter.

Console access

The S4810 has 2 management ports available for system access: a serial console port and an Out-of-Bounds (OOB) port.

Serial console

The RJ-45/RS-232 console port is labeled on the S4810 chassis. It is in the upper right-hand side, as you face the I/O side of the chassis.

RJ-45 Console Port

Getting Started | 35

To access the console port, follow the procedures below. Refer to Table 3-1, "Pin Assignments Between

the Console and a DTE Terminal Server," in Getting Started for the console port pinout.

Step Task

1 Install an RJ-45 copper cable into the console port.Use a rollover (crossover) cable to connect the S4810

console port to a terminal server. 2 Connect the other end of the cable to the DTE terminal server. 3 Terminal settings on the console port cannot be changed in the software and are set as follows:

9600 baud rate

No parity

8 data bits

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1 stop bit

No flow control

Accessing the RJ-45 console port with a DB-9 adapter

You can connect to the console using a RJ-45 to RJ-45 rollover cable and a RJ-45 to DB-9 female DTE adapter to a terminal server (for example, PC). Table 3-1, "Pin Assignments Between the Console and a

DTE Terminal Server," in Getting Started lists the pin assignments.

Table 3-1. Pin Assignments Between the Console and a DTE Terminal Server

S-Series Console Port RJ-45 to RJ-45 Rollover Cable

Signal RJ-45 pinout RJ-45 Pinout DB-9 Pin Signal

RTS 1 8 8 CTS

NC 2 7 6 DSR

TxD 3 6 2 RxD GND 4 5 5 GND GND 5 4 5 GND

RxD 6 3 3 TxD

NC 7 2 4 DTR

CTS 8 1 7 RTS

Default Configuration

A version of FTOS is pre-loaded onto the chassis, however the system is not configured when you power up for the first time (except for the default hostname, which is FTOS). You must configure the system using the CLI.

RJ-45 to DB-9 Adapter

Terminal Server Device

36 | Getting Started

Configure a Host Name

The host name appears in the prompt. The default host name is FTOS.

• Host names must start with a letter and end with a letter or digit.

• Characters within the string can be letters, digits, and hyphens.

To configure a host name:

Step Task Command Syntax Command Mode

1 Create a new host name.

The example below illustrates the

FTOS(conf)#hostname R1 R1(conf)#

hostname command.

Access the System Remotely

You can configure the system to access it remotely by Telnet. The method for configuring the C-Series and E-Series for Telnet access is different from S-Series.

• The C-Series, E-Series and the S4810 have a dedicated management port and a management routing table that is separate from the IP routing table.

• The S-Series (except the S4810) does not have a dedicated management port, but is managed from any port. It does not have a separate management routing table.

Access the C-Series and E-Series and the S4810 Remotely

Configuring the system for Telnet is a three-step process:

hostname name

CONFIGURATION

1. Configure an IP address for the management port. See Configure the Management Port IP Address.

2. Configure a management route with a default gateway. See Configure a Management Route.

3. Configure a username and password. See Configure a Username and Password.

Configure the Management Port IP Address

Assign IP addresses to the management ports in order to access the system remotely.

Note: Assign different IP addresses to each RPM’s management port.

Getting Started | 37

To configure the management port IP address:

Step Task Command Syntax Command Mode

1 Enter INTERFACE mode for the

Management port.

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Assign an IP address to the interface.

Enable the interface.

Configure a Management Route

Define a path from the system to the network from which you are accessing the system remotely. Management routes are separate from IP routes and are only used to manage the system through the management port.

To configure a management route:

Step Task Command Syntax Command Mode

interface ManagementEthernet slot/port

• slot range: 0 to 1

• port range: 0

ip address ip-address/mask

• ip-address: an address in dotted-decimal format (A.B.C.D).

mask: a subnet mask in /prefix-length format (/

• xx).

no shutdown

CONFIGURATION

INTERFACE

Configure a management route to

the network from which you are accessing the system.

management route ip-address/mask gateway

• ip-address: the network address in dotted-decimal format (A.B.C.D).

• mask: a subnet mask in /prefix-length format (/ xx).

• gateway: the next hop for network traffic originating from the management port.

Configure a Username and Password

Configure a system username and password to access the system remotely.

CONFIGURATION

38 | Getting Started

To configure a username and password:

Step Task Command Syntax Command Mode

Configure a username and

password to access the system remotely.

username username password [encryption-type] password encryption-type

specifies how you are inputting the

CONFIGURATION

password, is 0 by default, and is not required.

• 0 is for inputting the password in clear text.

• 7 is for inputting a password that is already encrypted using a Type 7 hash. Obtaining the encrypted password from the configuration of another Dell Force10 system.

Access the S-Series Remotely

The S-Series does not have a dedicated management port nor a separate management routing table. Configure any port on the S-Series to be the port through which you manage the system and configure an IP route to that gateway.

Note: The S4810 system uses management ports and should be configured similar to the C-Series and E-Series systems. Refer to Access the C-Series and E-Series and the S4810 Remotely

Configuring the system for Telnet access is a three-step process:

1. Configure an IP address for the port through which you will manage the system using the command

address

from INTERFACE mode, as shown in the example below.

2. Configure a IP route with a default gateway using the command mode, as shown in the example below.

3. Configure a username and password using the command

username from CONFIGURATION mode, as

shown in the example below.

R5(conf)#int gig 0/48 R5(conf-if-gi-0/48)#ip address 10.11.131.240 R5(conf-if-gi-0/48)#show config ! interface GigabitEthernet 0/48 ip address 10.11.131.240/24 no shutdown R5(conf-if-gi-0/48)#exit R5(conf)#ip route 10.11.32.0/23 10.11.131.254 R5(conf)#username admin pass FTOS

ip route from CONFIGURATION

Getting Started | 39

Configure the Enable Password

Access the EXEC Privilege mode using the enable command. The EXEC Privilege mode is unrestricted by default. Configure a password as a basic security measure. There are two types of

enable password stores the password in the running/startup configuration using a DES encryption

• method.

enable secret is stored in the running/startup configuration in using a stronger, MD5 encryption method.

•

enable passwords:

Dell Force10 recommends using the

enable secret password.

To configure an enable password:

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Task Command Syntax Command Mode

Create a password to access EXEC Privilege mode.

enable [password | secret] [level level] [encryption-type] password

is the privilege level, is 15 by default, and is not required.

level encryption-type specifies how you are inputting the password, is 0 by

default, and is not required.

• 0 is for inputting the password in clear text.

• 7 is for inputting a password that is already encrypted using a DES hash. Obtain the encrypted password from the configuration file of another Dell Force10 system.

• 5 is for inputting a password that is already encrypted using an MD5 hash. Obtain the encrypted password from the configuration file of another Dell Force10 system.

Configuration File Management

CONFIGURATION

Files can be stored on and accessed from various storage media. Rename, delete, and copy files on the system from the EXEC Privilege mode.

The E-Series EtherScale platform architecture uses MMC cards for both the internal and external Flash memory. MMC cards support a maximum of 100 files. The E-Series TeraScale and ExaScale platforms architecture use Compact Flash for the internal and external Flash memory. It has a space limitation but does not limit the number of files it can contain.

Note: Using flash memory cards in the system that have not been approved by Dell Force10 can cause unexpected system behavior, including a reboot.

40 | Getting Started

Copy Files to and from the System

The command syntax for copying files is similar to UNIX. The copy command uses the format copy

source-file-url destination-file-url.

Note: See the FTOS Command Reference for a detailed description of the copy command.

• To copy a local file to a remote system, combine the file-origin syntax for a local file location with the

file-destination syntax for a remote file location shown in Table 3-2, "Forming a copy Command," in

Getting Started.

• To copy a remote file to Dell Force10 system, combine the with the

in Getting Started.

Table 3-2. Forming a copy Command

Local File Location

Internal flash:

file-destination syntax for a local file location shown in Table 3-2, "Forming a copy Command,"

source-file-url Syntax destination-file-url Syntax

file-origin syntax for a remote file location

primary RPM standby RPM copy rpm{0|1}flash://filename rpm{0|1}flash://filename

External flash:

primary RPM copy rpm{0|1}slot0://filename rpm{0|1}slot0://filename standby RPM copy rpm{0|1}slot0://filename rpm{0|1}slot0://filename

USB Drive (E-Series ExaScale)

USB drive on RPM0 copy rpm0usbflash://filepath rpm0usbflash://filename External USB drive copy usbflash://filepath

Remote File Location

FTP server copy ftp://username:password@{hostip |

TFTP server copy tftp://{hostip | hostname}/filepath/

SCP server copy scp://{hostip | hostname}/filepath/

copy flash://filename flash://filename

usbflash://filename

ftp://username:password

hostname

filename

}/filepath/filename

filepath/filename

tftp://{hostip | hostname}/filepath/filename

scp://{hostip | hostname}/filepath/filename

Important Points to Remember

• You may not copy a file from one remote system to another.

• You may not copy a file from one location to the same location.

• The internal flash memories on the RPMs are synchronized whenever there is a change, but only if both RPMs are running the same version of FTOS.

• When copying to a server, a hostname can only be used if a DNS server is configured.

@{hostip | hostname}/

Getting Started | 41

• The usbflash and rpm0usbflash commands are supported on E-Series ExaScale systems. Refer to your system’s Release Notes for a list of approved USB vendors.

The following text is an example of using the

FTOS#copy flash://FTOS-EF-8.2.1.0.bin ftp://myusername:mypassword@10.10.10.10//FTOS/ FTOS-EF-8.2.1.0 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

27952672 bytes successfully copied

The following text is an example of using the copy command to import a file to the Dell Force10 system from an FTP server.

core1#$//copy ftp://myusername:mypassword@10.10.10.10//FTOS/FTOS-EF-8.2.1.0.bin flash:// Destination file name [FTOS-EF-8.2.1.0.bin.bin]: !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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26292881 bytes successfully copied

Save the Running-configuration

The running-configuration contains the current system configuration. Dell Force10 recommends that you copy your running-configuration to the startup-configuration. The system uses the startup-configuration during boot-up to configure the system. The startup-configuration is stored in the internal flash on the primary RPM by default, but it can be saved onto an external flash (on an RPM) or a remote server.

To save the running-configuration:

Note: The commands in this section follow the same format as those in Copy Files to and from the

System in the Getting Started chapter but use the filenames startup-configuration and

running-configuration. These commands assume that current directory is the internal flash, which is the

system default.

copy command to save a file to an FTP server.

42 | Getting Started

Task Command Syntax Command Mode

Save the running-configuration to:

the startup-configuration on the internal flash of the primary RPM

the internal flash on an RPM copy running-config rpm{0|1}flash://filename

Note: The internal flash memories on the RPMs are synchronized whenever there is a change, but only if the RPMs are running the same version of FTOS.

the external flash of an RPM copy running-config rpm{0|1}slot0://filename an FTP server

a TFTP server copy running-config tftp://{hostip | hostname}/

an SCP server copy running-config scp://{hostip | hostname}/

Note: When copying to a server, a hostname can only be used if a DNS server is configured.

Save the running-configuration to the startup-configuration on the internal flash of the primary RPM. Then copy the new startup-config file to the external flash of the primary RPM.

copy running-config startup-config

copy running-config ftp://

username:password filename

filepath/filename

copy running-config startup-config duplicate

@{hostip | hostname}/filepath/

EXEC Privilege

FTOS Behavior: If you create a startup-configuration on an RPM and then move the RPM to another chassis, the

startup-configuration is stored as a backup file (with the extension .bak), and a new, empty startup-configuration file

is created. To restore your original startup-configuration in this situation, overwrite the new startup-configuration

with the original one using the command copy startup-config.bak startup-config.

Configure the Overload bit for Startup Scenario

For information on setting the router overload bit for a specific period of time after a switch reload is implemented, see the FTOS Command Line Reference Guide, Chapter 18 - Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS).

Getting Started | 43

View Files

File information and content can only be viewed on local file systems. To view a list of files on the internal or external Flash:

Step Task Command Syntax Command Mode

1 View a list of files on:

the external flash of an RPM

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The output of the command modification for each file, as shown in the example below.

FTOS#dir Directory of flash:

1 drw- 32768 Jan 01 1980 00:00:00 . 2 drwx 512 Jul 23 2007 00:38:44 .. 3 drw- 8192 Mar 30 1919 10:31:04 TRACE_LOG_DIR 4 drw- 8192 Mar 30 1919 10:31:04 CRASH_LOG_DIR 5 drw- 8192 Mar 30 1919 10:31:04 NVTRACE_LOG_DIR 6 drw- 8192 Mar 30 1919 10:31:04 CORE_DUMP_DIR 7 d--- 8192 Mar 30 1919 10:31:04 ADMIN_DIR 8 -rw- 33059550 Jul 11 2007 17:49:46 FTOS-EF-7.4.2.0.bin 9 -rw- 27674906 Jul 06 2007 00:20:24 FTOS-EF-4.7.4.302.bin 10 -rw- 27674906 Jul 06 2007 19:54:52 boot-image-FILE 11 drw- 8192 Jan 01 1980 00:18:28 diag 12 -rw- 7276 Jul 20 2007 01:52:40 startup-config.bak 13 -rw- 7341 Jul 20 2007 15:34:46 startup-config 14 -rw- 27674906 Jul 06 2007 19:52:22 boot-image 15 -rw- 27674906 Jul 06 2007 02:23:22 boot-flash

--More--

To view the contents of a file:

dir flash:

dir slot:

dir also shows the read/write privileges, size (in bytes), and date of

EXEC Privilegethe internal flash of an RPM

Step Task Command Syntax Command Mode

1 View the:

44 | Getting Started

contents of a file in the internal flash of an RPM

contents of a file in the external flash of an RPM

running-configuration startup-configuration

show file rpm{0|1}flash://filename

show file rpm{0|1}slot0://filename

show running-config

show startup-config

EXEC Privilege

View Configuration Files

Configuration files have three commented lines at the beginning of the file, as shown in the example below, to help you track the last time any user made a change to the file, which user made the changes, and when the file was last saved to the startup-configuration.

In the running-configuration file, if there is a difference between the timestamp on the “Last configuration change,” and “Startup-config last updated,” then you have made changes that have not been saved and will not be preserved upon a system reboot.

FTOS#show running-config Current Configuration ... ! Version 8.2.1.0 ! Last configuration change at Thu Apr 3 23:06:28 2008 by admin ! Startup-config last updated at Thu Apr 3 23:06:55 2008 by admin ! boot system rpm0 primary flash://FTOS-EF-8.2.1.0.bin boot system rpm0 secondary flash://FTOS-EF-7.8.1.0.bin boot system rpm0 default flash://FTOS-EF-7.7.1.1.bin boot system rpm1 primary flash://FTOS-EF-7.8.1.0.bin boot system gateway 10.10.10.100

--More--

File System Management

The Dell Force10 system can use the internal Flash, external Flash, or remote devices to store files. It stores files on the internal Flash by default but can be configured to store files elsewhere.

To view file system information:

Task Command Syntax Command Mode

View information about each file system.

The output of the command

show file-systems in the example below shows the total capacity, amount of free

show file-systems

EXEC Privilege

memory, file structure, media type, read/write privileges for each storage device in use.

FTOS#show file-systems Size(b) Free(b) Feature Type Flags Prefixes 520962048 213778432 dosFs2.0 USERFLASH rw flash: 127772672 21936128 dosFs2.0 USERFLASH rw slot0:

- - - network rw ftp:

- - - network rw tftp:

- - - network rw scp:

You can change the default file system so that file management commands apply to a particular device or memory.

Getting Started | 45

To change the default storage location:

Task Command Syntax Command Mode

Change the default directory.

In the example below, the default storage location is changed to the external Flash of the primary RPM. File management commands then apply to the external Flash rather than the internal Flash.

FTOS#cd slot0: FTOS#copy running-config test FTOS#copy run test !

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7419 bytes successfully copied FTOS#dir Directory of slot0:

1 drw- 32768 Jan 01 1980 00:00:00 . 2 drwx 512 Jul 23 2007 00:38:44 .. 3 ---- 0 Jan 01 1970 00:00:00 DCIM 4 -rw- 7419 Jul 23 2007 20:44:40 test 5 ---- 0 Jan 01 1970 00:00:00 BT 6 ---- 0 Jan 01 1970 00:00:00 200702~1VSN 7 ---- 0 Jan 01 1970 00:00:00 G 8 ---- 0 Jan 01 1970 00:00:00 F 9 ---- 0 Jan 01 1970 00:00:00 F

slot0: 127772672 bytes total (21927936 bytes free)

cd directory

EXEC Privilege

View command history

The command-history trace feature captures all commands entered by all users of the system with a time stamp and writes these messages to a dedicated trace log buffer. The system generates a trace message for each executed command. No password information is saved to the file.

To view the command-history trace, use the below.

FTOS#show command-history [12/5 10:57:8]: CMD-(CLI):service password-encryption [12/5 10:57:12]: CMD-(CLI):hostname Force10 [12/5 10:57:12]: CMD-(CLI):ip telnet server enable [12/5 10:57:12]: CMD-(CLI):line console 0 [12/5 10:57:12]: CMD-(CLI):line vty 0 9 [12/5 10:57:13]: CMD-(CLI):boot system rpm0 primary flash://FTOS-CB-1.1.1.2E2.bin

Upgrading FTOS

Note: To upgrade FTOS, see the release notes for the version you want to load on the system.

show command-history command, as shown in the example

46 | Getting Started

Management

Management is supported on platforms: c e s

This chapter explains the different protocols or services used to manage the Dell Force10 system including:

• Configure Privilege Levels on page 47

• Configure Logging on page 51

• File Transfer Services on page 58

• Terminal Lines on page 60

• Lock CONFIGURATION mode on page 64

• Recovering from a Forgotten Password on the S55 on page 65

• Recovering from a Failed Start on the S55 on page 67

Configure Privilege Levels

Privilege levels restrict access to commands based on user or terminal line. There are 16 privilege levels, of which three are pre-defined. The default privilege level is 1.

• Level 0—Access to the system begins at EXEC mode, and EXEC mode commands are limited to

enable, disable, and exit.

• Level 1—Access to the system begins at EXEC mode, and all commands are available.

• Level 15—Access to the system begins at EXEC Privilege mode, and all commands are available.

Create a Custom Privilege Level

Custom privilege levels start with the default EXEC mode command set. You can then customize privilege levels 2-14 by:

• restricting access to an EXEC mode command

• moving commands from EXEC Privilege to EXEC mode

• restricting access

A user can access all commands at his privilege level and below.

Management | 47

Removing a command from EXEC mode

Remove a command from the list of available commands in EXEC mode for a specific privilege level using the command

privilege exec from CONFIGURATION mode. In the command, specify a level greater

than the level given to a user or terminal line, followed by the first keyword of each command to be restricted.

Move a command from EXEC privilege mode to EXEC mode

Move a command from EXEC Privilege to EXEC mode for a privilege level using the command privilege

exec

from CONFIGURATION mode. In the command, specify the privilege level of the user or terminal

line, and specify all keywords in the command to which you want to allow access.

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Allow Access to CONFIGURATION mode commands

Allow access to CONFIGURATION mode using the command privilege exec level level configure from CONFIGURATION mode. A user that enters CONFIGURATION mode remains at his privilege level, and has access to only two commands, mode command to which you want to allow access using the command command, specify the privilege level of the user or terminal line, and specify all keywords in the command to which you want to allow access.

end and exit. You must individually specify each CONFIGURATION

privilege configure level level. In the

Allow Access to INTERFACE, LINE, ROUTE-MAP, and ROUTER mode

1. Similar to allowing access to CONFIGURATION mode, to allow access to INTERFACE, LINE, ROUTE-MAP, and ROUTER modes, you must first allow access to the command that enters you into the mode. For example, allow a user to enter INTERFACE mode using the command

configure level level interface

gigabitethernet

2. Then, individually identify the INTERFACE, LINE, ROUTE-MAP or ROUTER commands to which you want to allow access using the command

privilege {interface | line | route-map | router} level level.

In the command, specify the privilege level of the user or terminal line, and specify all keywords in the command to which you want to allow access.

The following table lists the configuration tasks you can use to customize a privilege level:

Task Command Syntax Command Mode

Remove a command from the list of available commands in EXEC mode.

Move a command from EXEC Privilege to EXEC mode. privilege exec level level

Allow access to CONFIGURATION mode. privilege exec level level

privilege exec level level

{command ||...|| command}

configure

privilege

CONFIGURATION

48 | Management

Task Command Syntax Command Mode

Allow access to INTERFACE, LINE, ROUTE-MAP, and/or ROUTER mode. Specify all keywords in the command.

Allow access to a CONFIGURATION, INTERFACE, LINE, ROUTE-MAP, and/or ROUTER mode command.

The configuration in Figure 4-1 creates privilege level 3. This level:

• removes the

• moves the command

resequence command from EXEC mode by requiring a minimum of privilege level 4,

capture bgp-pdu max-buffer-size from EXEC Privilege to EXEC mode by,

requiring a minimum privilege level 3, which is the configured level for VTY 0,

• allows access to CONFIGURATION mode with the

• allows access to INTERFACE and LINE modes are allowed with no commands.

privilege configure level level

{interface | line | route-map |

router} {command-keyword ||...|| command-keyword}

privilege {configure |interface | line | route-map | router} level

level

{command ||...|| command}

banner command, and

CONFIGURATION

Management | 49

Figure 4-1. Create a Custom Privilege Level

Force10(conf)#do show run priv ! privilege exec level 3 capture privilege exec level 3 configure privilege exec level 4 resequence privilege exec level 3 capture bgp-pdu privilege exec level 3 capture bgp-pdu max-buffer-size privilege configure level 3 line privilege configure level 3 interface Force10(conf)#do telnet 10.11.80.201 [telnet output omitted] Force10#show priv Current privilege level is 3. Force10#? capture Capture packet

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configure Configuring from terminal disable Turn off privileged commands enable Turn on privileged commands exit Exit from the EXEC ip Global IP subcommands monitor Monitoring feature mtrace Trace reverse multicast path from destination to source ping Send echo messages quit Exit from the EXEC show Show running system information [output omitted] Force10#config [output omitted] Force10(conf)#do show priv Current privilege level is 3. Force10(conf)#? end Exit from configuration mode exit Exit from configuration mode interface Select an interface to configure line Configure a terminal line linecard Set line card type Force10(conf)#interface ? fastethernet Fast Ethernet interface gigabitethernet Gigabit Ethernet interface loopback Loopback interface managementethernet Management Ethernet interface null Null interface port-channel Port-channel interface range Configure interface range sonet SONET interface tengigabitethernet TenGigabit Ethernet interface vlan VLAN interface Force10(conf)#interface gigabitethernet 1/1 Force10(conf-if-gi-1/1)#? end Exit from configuration mode exit Exit from interface configuration mode Force10(conf-if-gi-1/1)#exit Force10(conf)#line ? aux Auxiliary line console Primary terminal line vty Virtual terminal Force10(conf)#line vty 0 Force10(config-line-vty)#? exit Exit from line configuration mode Force10(config-line-vty)#

50 | Management

Apply a Privilege Level to a Username

To set a privilege level for a user:

Task Command Syntax Command Mode

Configure a privilege level for a user.

username username privilege level

CONFIGURATION

Apply a Privilege Level to a Terminal Line

To set a privilege level for a terminal line:

Task Command Syntax Command Mode

Configure a privilege level for a terminal line.

Note: When you assign a privilege level between 2 and 15, access to the system begins at EXEC mode,

but the prompt is hostname#, rather than hostname>.

privilege level level

LINE

Configure Logging

FTOS tracks changes in the system using event and error messages. By default, FTOS logs these messages on:

• the internal buffer

• console and terminal lines, and

• any configured syslog servers

Disable Logging

To disable logging:

Task Command Syntax Command Mode

Disable all logging except on the console.

Disable logging to the logging buffer.

Disable logging to terminal lines.

Disable console logging.

no logging on

no logging buffer

no logging monitor

no logging console

CONFIGURATION

Management | 51

Log Messages in the Internal Buffer

All error messages, except those beginning with %BOOTUP (Message), are log in the internal buffer.

Message 1 BootUp Events

%BOOTUP:RPM0:CP %PORTPIPE-INIT-SUCCESS: Portpipe 0 enabled

Configuration Task List for System Log Management

The following list includes the configuration tasks for system log management:

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• Disable System Logging on page 52

• Send System Messages to a Syslog Server on page 53

Disable System Logging

By default, logging is enabled and log messages are sent to the logging buffer, all terminal lines, console, and syslog servers.

Enable and disable system logging using the following commands:

Task Command Syntax Command Mode

Disable all logging except on the console.

Disable logging to the logging buffer.

Disable logging to terminal lines.

Disable console logging.

no logging on

no logging buffer

no logging monitor

no logging console

CONFIGURATION

52 | Management

Send System Messages to a Syslog Server

Send system messages to a syslog server by specifying the server with the following command:

Task Command Syntax Command Mode

Specify the server to which you want to send system messages. You can configure up to eight syslog servers.

logging {ip-address | hostname} CONFIGURATION

Configure a Unix System as a Syslog Server

Configure a UNIX system as a syslog server by adding the following lines to /etc/syslog.conf on the Unix system and assigning write permissions to the file.

• on a 4.1 BSD UNIX system, add the line: local7.debugging /var/log/force10.log

• on a 5.7 SunOS UNIX system, add the line: local7.debugging /var/adm/force10.log

In the lines above, local7 is the logging facility level and debugging is the severity level.

Change System Logging Settings

You can change the default settings of the system logging by changing the severity level and the storage location. The default is to log all messages up to debug level, that is, all system messages. By changing the severity level in the logging commands, you control the number of system messages logged.

Task Command Syntax Command Mode

Specify the minimum severity level for logging to the logging buffer.

Specify the minimum severity level for logging to the console.

Specify the minimum severity level for logging to terminal lines.

Specifying the minimum severity level for logging to a syslog server.

Specify the minimum severity level for logging to the syslog history table.

logging buffered level CONFIGURATION

logging console level

logging monitor level

logging trap level

logging history level

CONFIGURATION

Management | 53

Task Command Syntax Command Mode

Specify the size of the logging buffer. Note: When you decrease the buffer size, FTOS deletes all messages stored in the buffer. Increasing the buffer size does not affect messages in the buffer.

Specify the number of messages that FTOS saves to its logging history table.

logging buffered size CONFIGURATION

logging history size size

CONFIGURATION

To change one of the settings for logging system messages, use any or all of the following commands in the CONFIGURATION mode:

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To view the logging buffer and configuration, use the

show logging command (Figure 35) in the EXEC

privilege mode.

To change the severity level of messages logged to a syslog server, use the following command in the CONFIGURATION mode:

To view the logging configuration, use the

show running-config logging command (Figure 37) in the

EXEC privilege mode.

Display the Logging Buffer and the Logging Configuration

Display the current contents of the logging buffer and the logging settings for the system, use the show

logging

command (Figure 35) in the EXEC privilege mode.

54 | Management

Figure 4-2. show logging Command Example

Force10#show logging syslog logging: enabled Console logging: level Debugging Monitor logging: level Debugging Buffer logging: level Debugging, 40 Messages Logged, Size (40960 bytes) Trap logging: level Informational %IRC-6-IRC_COMMUP: Link to peer RPM is up %RAM-6-RAM_TASK: RPM1 is transitioning to Primary RPM. %RPM-2-MSG:CP1 %POLLMGR-2-MMC_STATE: External flash disk missing in 'slot0:' %CHMGR-5-CARDDETECTED: Line card 0 present %CHMGR-5-CARDDETECTED: Line card 2 present %CHMGR-5-CARDDETECTED: Line card 4 present %CHMGR-5-CARDDETECTED: Line card 5 present %CHMGR-5-CARDDETECTED: Line card 8 present %CHMGR-5-CARDDETECTED: Line card 10 present %CHMGR-5-CARDDETECTED: Line card 12 present %TSM-6-SFM_DISCOVERY: Found SFM 0 %TSM-6-SFM_DISCOVERY: Found SFM 1 %TSM-6-SFM_DISCOVERY: Found SFM 2 %TSM-6-SFM_DISCOVERY: Found SFM 3 %TSM-6-SFM_DISCOVERY: Found SFM 4 %TSM-6-SFM_DISCOVERY: Found SFM 5 %TSM-6-SFM_DISCOVERY: Found SFM 6 %TSM-6-SFM_DISCOVERY: Found SFM 7 %TSM-6-SFM_SWITCHFAB_STATE: Switch Fabric: UP %TSM-6-SFM_DISCOVERY: Found SFM 8 %TSM-6-SFM_DISCOVERY: Found 9 SFMs %CHMGR-5-CHECKIN: Checkin from line card 5 (type EX1YB, 1 ports) %TSM-6-PORT_CONFIG: Port link status for LC 5 => portpipe 0: OK portpipe 1: N/A %CHMGR-5-LINECARDUP: Line card 5 is up %CHMGR-5-CHECKIN: Checkin from line card 12 (type S12YC12, 12 ports) %TSM-6-PORT_CONFIG: Port link status for LC 12 => portpipe 0: OK portpipe 1: N/A %CHMGR-5-LINECARDUP: Line card 12 is up %IFMGR-5-CSTATE_UP: changed interface Physical state to up: So 12/8 %IFMGR-5-CSTATE_DN: changed interface Physical state to down: So 12/8

To view any changes made, use the show running-config logging command (Figure 37) in the EXEC privilege mode.

Management | 55

Configure a UNIX logging facility level

You can save system log messages with a UNIX system logging facility.

To configure a UNIX logging facility level, use the following command in the CONFIGURATION mode:

Command Syntax Command Mode Purpose

logging facility [facility-type] CONFIGURATION Specify one of the following parameters.

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• auth (for authorization messages)

• cron (for system scheduler messages)

• daemon (for system daemons)

• kern (for kernel messages)

• local0 (for local use)

• local1 (for local use)

• local2 (for local use)

• local3 (for local use)

• local4 (for local use)

• local5 (for local use)

• local6 (for local use)

• local7 (for local use). This is the default.

• lpr (for line printer system messages)

• mail (for mail system messages)

• news (for USENET news messages)

• sys9 (system use)

• sys10 (system use)

• sys11 (system use)

• sys12 (system use)

• sys13 (system use)

• sys14 (system use)

• syslog (for syslog messages)

• user (for user programs)

• uucp (UNIX to UNIX copy protocol) The default is local7.

To view nondefault settings, use the mode.

Figure 4-3. show running-config logging Command Example

Force10#show running-config logging ! logging buffered 524288 debugging service timestamps log datetime msec service timestamps debug datetime msec ! logging trap debugging logging facility user logging source-interface Loopback 0 logging 10.10.10.4 Force10#

56 | Management

show running-config logging command (Figure 37) in the EXEC

Synchronize log messages

You can configure FTOS to filter and consolidate the system messages for a specific line by synchronizing the message output. Only the messages with a severity at or below the set level appear. This feature works on the terminal and console connections available on the system.

To synchronize log messages, use these commands in the following sequence starting in the CONFIGURATION mode:

Step Command Syntax Command Mode Purpose

line {console 0 | vty number

[end-number] | aux 0}

logging synchronous [level

severity-level | all] [limit]

To view the logging synchronous configuration, use the

CONFIGURATION Enter the LINE mode. Configure the

following parameters for the virtual terminal lines:

•

• end-number range: 1 to 8. You can configure multiple virtual terminals at one time by entering a number and an end-number.

LINE Configure a level and set the maximum

number of messages to be printed. Configure the following optional parameters:

• level severity-level range: 0 to 7.

• limit range: 20 to 300. Default is 20.

show config command in the LINE mode.

Enable timestamp on syslog messages

number range: zero (0) to 8.

Default is 2. Use the all keyword to include all messages.

syslog messages, by default, do not include a time/date stamp stating when the error or message was created.

Management | 57

To have FTOS include a timestamp with the syslog message, use the following command syntax in the CONFIGURATION mode:

Command Syntax Command Mode Purpose

service timestamps [log | debug] [datetime

localtime] [msec] [show-timezone] |

[

uptime]

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To view the configuration, use the

To disable time stamping on syslog messages, enter

File Transfer Services

With FTOS, you can configure the system to transfer files over the network using File Transfer Protocol (FTP). One FTP application is copying the system image files over an interface on to the system; however, FTP is not supported on VLAN interfaces.

For more information on FTP, refer to RFC 959,

CONFIGURATION Add timestamp to syslog messages. Specify

the following optional parameters:

•

datetime: You can add the keyword

localtime to include the and show-timezone. If you do not add the keyword localtime, the time is UTC.

• uptime. To view time since last boot. If neither parameter is specified, FTOS configures uptime.

show running-config logging command in the EXEC privilege mode.

no service timestamps [log | debug].

File Transfer Protocol.

localtime, msec,

Configuration Task List for File Transfer Services

The following list includes the configuration tasks for file transfer services:

• Enable FTP server on page 59 (mandatory)

• Configure FTP server parameters on page 59 (optional)

• Configure FTP client parameters on page 60 (optional)

For a complete listing of FTP related commands, refer to .

58 | Management

Enable FTP server

To enable the system as an FTP server, use the following command in the CONFIGURATION mode:

Command Syntax Command Mode Purpose

ftp-server enable

To view FTP configuration, use the

CONFIGURATION Enable FTP on the system.

show running-config ftp command (Figure 41) in the EXEC privilege

mode.

Figure 4-4. show running-config ftp Command Output

Force10#show running ftp ! ftp-server enable ftp-server username nairobi password 0 zanzibar Force10#

Configure FTP server parameters

After the FTP server is enabled on the system, you can configure different parameters.

To configure FTP server parameters, use any or all of the following commands in the CONFIGURATION mode:

Command Syntax Command Mode Purpose

ftp-server topdir dir CONFIGURATION Specify the directory for users using FTP to reach the

system. The default is the internal flash directory.

ftp-server username username password [encryption-type]

password

Note: You cannot use the change directory (cd) command until ftp-server topdir has been configured.

To view the FTP configuration, use the

CONFIGURATION Specify a user name for all FTP users and configure either

a plain text or encrypted password. Configure the following optional and required parameters:

• username: Enter a text string

• encryption-type: Enter 0 for plain text or 7 for encrypted text.

• password: Enter a text string.

show running-config ftp command in EXEC privilege mode.

Management | 59

Configure FTP client parameters

To configure FTP client parameters, use the following commands in the CONFIGURATION mode:

Command Syntax Command Mode Purpose

ip ftp source-interface interface CONFIGURATION Enter the following keywords and slot/port or number

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information:

• For a Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword

GigabitEthernet followed by the slot/port

information.

• For a loopback interface, enter the keyword followed by a number between 0 and 16383.

• For a port channel interface, enter the keyword

port-channel followed by a number from 1 to 255 for

TeraScale and ExaScale.

• For a SONET interface, enter the keyword followed by the slot/port information.

• For a 10-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword

TenGigabitEthernet followed by the slot/port

information.

• For a VLAN interface, enter the keyword vlan followed by a number from 1 to 4094.

E-Series ExaScale platforms support 4094 VLANs with FTOS version 8.2.1.0 and later. Earlier ExaScale supports 2094 VLANS.

loopback

sonet

ip ftp password password ip ftp username name CONFIGURATION Enter username to use on FTP client.

To view FTP configuration, use the

CONFIGURATION Configure a password.

show running-config ftp command (Figure 41) in the EXEC privilege

mode.

Terminal Lines

You can access the system remotely and restrict access to the system by creating user profiles. The terminal lines on the system provide different means of accessing the system. The console line (console) connects you through the Console port in the RPMs. The virtual terminal lines (VTY) connect you through Telnet to the system. The auxiliary line (aux) connects secondary devices such as modems.

Deny and Permit Access to a Terminal Line

Dell Force10 recommends applying only standard ACLs to deny and permit access to VTY lines.

• Layer 3 ACL deny all traffic that is not explicitly permitted, but in the case of VTY lines, an ACL with no rules does not deny any traffic.

• You cannot use show ip accounting access-list to display the contents of an ACL that is applied only to a VTY line.

60 | Management

To apply an IP ACL to a line:

Task Command Syntax Command Mode

Apply an ACL to a VTY line.

To view the configuration, enter the

Figure 4-5. Applying an Access List to a VTY Line

Force10(config-std-nacl)#show config ! ip access-list standard myvtyacl seq 5 permit host 10.11.0.1 Force10(config-std-nacl)#line vty 0 Force10(config-line-vty)#show config line vty 0 access-class myvtyacl

FTOS Behavior: Prior to FTOS version 7.4.2.0, in order to deny access on a VTY line, you must apply

an ACL and AAA authentication to the line. Then users are denied access only after they enter a

username and password. Beginning in FTOS version 7.4.2.0, only an ACL is required, and users are

denied access before they are prompted for a username and password.

Configure Login Authentication for Terminal Lines

You can use any combination of up to 6 authentication methods to authenticate a user on a terminal line. A combination of authentication methods is called a method list. If the user fails the first authentication method, FTOS prompts the next method until all methods are exhausted, at which point the connection is terminated. The available authentication methods are:

ip access-class access-list LINE

show config command in the LINE mode, as shown in Figure 4-5.

enable—Prompt for the enable password.

•

line—Prompt for the e password you assigned to the terminal line. You must configure a password for

the terminal line to which you assign a method list that contains the

line authentication method.

Configure a password using the command password from LINE mode.

•

local—Prompt for the the system username and password.

•

none—Do not authenticate the user.

•

radius—Prompt for a username and password and use a RADIUS server to authenticate.

•

tacacs+—Prompt for a username and password and use a TACACS+ server to authenticate.

Management | 61

To configure authentication for a terminal line:

Step Task Command Syntax Command Mode

1 Create an authentication method list.

You may use a mnemonic name or use the keyword

default. The default

authentication method for terminal lines is local, and the default method list is empty.

2 Apply the method list from Step 1 to

a terminal line.

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3 If you used the line authentication

method in the method list you applied to the terminal line, configure a password for the terminal line.

In Figure 4-6 VTY lines 0-2 use a single authentication method,

Figure 4-6. Configuring Login Authentication on a Terminal Line

Force10(conf)#aaa authentication login myvtymethodlist line Force10(conf)#line vty 0 2 Force10(config-line-vty)#login authentication myvtymethodlist Force10(config-line-vty)#password myvtypassword Force10(config-line-vty)#show config line vty 0 password myvtypassword login authentication myvtymethodlist line vty 1 password myvtypassword login authentication myvtymethodlist line vty 2 password myvtypassword login authentication myvtymethodlist Force10(config-line-vty)#

aaa authentication login {method-list-name | default} [method-1] [method-2] [method-3]

[method-4] [method-5] [method-6]

password

line.

CONFIGURATION

LINE

Time out of EXEC Privilege Mode

EXEC timeout is a basic security feature that returns FTOS to the EXEC mode after a period of inactivity on terminal lines.

62 | Management

To change the timeout period or disable EXEC timeout.

Task Command Syntax Command Mode

Set the number of minutes and seconds.

exec-timeout minutes [seconds]

Default: 10 minutes on console, 30 minutes on VTY. Disable EXEC timeout by setting the timeout period to 0.

Return to the default timeout values.

View the configuration using the command

no exec-timeout

show config from LINE mode.

Figure 4-7. Configuring EXEC Timeout

Force10(conf)#line con 0 Force10(config-line-console)#exec-timeout 0 Force10(config-line-console)#show config line console 0 exec-timeout 0 0 Force10(config-line-console)#

Telnet to Another Network Device

To telnet to another device:

LINE

Task Command Syntax Command Mode

Telnet to the peer RPM. You do not need to configure the management

telnet-peer-rpm

EXEC Privilege

port on the peer RPM to be able to telnet to it. Telnet to a device with an IPv4 or IPv6 address. If you do not enter an IP

telnet [ip-address]

EXEC Privilege

address, FTOS enters a Telnet dialog that prompts you for one.

• Enter an IPv4 address in dotted decimal format (A.B.C.D).

• Enter an IPv6 address in the format 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000. Elision of zeros is supported.

Management | 63

Figure 4-8. Telnet to Another Network Device

Force10# telnet 10.11.80.203 Trying 10.11.80.203... Connected to 10.11.80.203. Exit character is '^]'. Login: Login: admin Password: Force10>exit Force10#telnet 2200:2200:2200:2200:2200::2201 Trying 2200:2200:2200:2200:2200::2201... Connected to 2200:2200:2200:2200:2200::2201. Exit character is '^]'. FreeBSD/i386 (freebsd2.force10networks.com) (ttyp1) login: admin Force10#

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Lock CONFIGURATION mode

FTOS allows multiple users to make configurations at the same time. You can lock CONFIGURATION mode so that only one user can be in CONFIGURATION mode at any time (Message 2).

A two types of locks can be set: auto and manual.

• Set an auto-lock using the command

configuration mode exclusive auto from CONFIGURATION

mode. When you set an auto-lock, every time a user is in CONFIGURATION mode all other users are denied access. This means that you can exit to EXEC Privilege mode, and re-enter CONFIGURATION mode without having to set the lock again.

• Set a manual lock using the command configure terminal lock from CONFIGURATION mode. When you configure a manual lock, which is the default, you must enter this command time you want to enter CONFIGURATION mode and deny access to others.

Figure 4-9. Locking CONFIGURATION mode

Force10(conf)#configuration mode exclusive auto Force10(conf)#exit 3d23h35m: %RPM0-P:CP %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Force10#config ! Locks configuration mode exclusively. Force10(conf)#

If another user attempts to enter CONFIGURATION mode while a lock is in place, Message 1 appears on their terminal.

Message 1 CONFIGURATION mode Locked Error

% Error: User "" on line console0 is in exclusive configuration mode

64 | Management

If any user is already in CONFIGURATION mode when while a lock is in place, Message 2 appears on their terminal.

Message 2 Cannot Lock CONFIGURATION mode Error

% Error: Can't lock configuration mode exclusively since the following users are currently configuring the system: User "admin" on line vty1 ( 10.1.1.1 )

Note: The CONFIGURATION mode lock corresponds to a VTY session, not a user. Therefore, if you configure a lock and then exit CONFIGURATION mode, and another user enters CONFIGURATION

mode, when you attempt to re-enter CONFIGURATION mode, you are denied access even though you

are the one that configured the lock.

Note: If your session times out and you return to EXEC mode, the CONFIGURATION mode lock is unconfigured.

Viewing the Configuration Lock Status

If you attempt to enter CONFIGURATION mode when another user has locked it, you may view which user has control of CONFIGURATION mode using the command Privilege mode.

show configuration lock from EXEC

You can then send any user a message using the you can clear any line using the command

send command from EXEC Privilege mode. Alternatively

clear from EXEC Privilege mode. If you clear a console session,

the user is returned to EXEC mode.

Recovering from a Forgotten Password on the S55

If you configure authentication for the console and you exit out of EXEC mode or your console session times out, you are prompted for a password to re-enter.

If you forget your password:

Step Task Command Syntax Command Mode

1 Log onto the system via console. 2 Power-cycle the chassis by switching off all of the power modules and then switching them back on. 3 Press any key to abort the boot

process. You enter uBoot immediately, as indicated by the => prompt.

press any key (during bootup)

Management | 65

Step Task Command Syntax Command Mode

4 Set the system parameters to ignore

the startup configuration file when the system reloads.

5 To save the changes, use the saveenv

command 6 Reload the system. 7 Copy startup-config.bak to the

running config. 8 Remove all authentication statements

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you might have for the console. 9 Save the running-config.

10 Set the system parameters to use the

startup configuration file when the

system reloads.

11 Save the running-config.

Recovering from a Forgotten Enable Password on the S55

setenv stconfigignore true

saveenv

reset

copy flash://startup-config.bak running-config

no authentication login no password

copy running-config startup-config

setenv stconfigignore false

copy running-config startup-config

uBoot

uBoot EXEC Privilege

LINE

EXEC Privilege uBoot

EXEC Privilege

If you forget the enable password:

Step Task Command Syntax Command Mode

1 Log onto the system via console. 2 Power-cycle the chassis by switching off all of the power modules and then switching them back on. 3 Press any key to abort the boot

process. You enter uBoot

immediately, as indicated by the =>

prompt. 4 Set the system parameters to ignore

the enable password when the system

reloads. 5 Reload the system. 6 Configure a new enable password. 7 Save the running-config to the

startup-config.

press any key (during bootup)

setenv enablepwdignore true

reset

enable {secret | password}

copy running-config startup-config

uBoot

uBoot CONFIGURATION EXEC Privilege

66 | Management

Recovering from a Failed Start on the S55

A system that does not start correctly might be attempting to boot from a corrupted FTOS image or from a mis-specified location. In that case, you can restart the system and interrupt the boot process to point the system to another boot location. Use the command, its supporting commands, and other commands that can help recover from a failed start, see the BuBoot chapter in the FTOS Command Line Reference for the S55.

Step Task Command Syntax Command Mode

1 Power-cycle the chassis (pull the power cord and reinsert it).

setenv command, as described below. For details on the setenv

2 Press any key to abort the boot process.

You enter uBoot immediately, as indicated by the => prompt.

3 Assign the new location to the FTOS

image to be used when the system reloads.

4 Assign an IP address to the

Management Ethernet interface. 5 6 Assign an IP address as the default

gateway for the system. 7 Reload the system.

press any key (during bootup)

setenv [primary_image f10boot location |

secondary_image f10boot location | default_image f10boot location

setenv ipaddr address

setenv gatewayip address uBoot

reset

]

uBoot

Management | 67

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68 | Management

802.1ag

802.1ag is available only on platform: s

Ethernet Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) is a set of tools used to install, monitor, troubleshoot and manage Ethernet infrastructure deployments. Ethernet OAM consists of three main areas:

1. Service Layer OAM: IEEE 802.1ag Connectivity Fault Management (CFM)

2. Link Layer OAM: IEEE 802.3ah OAM

3. Ethernet Local management Interface (MEF-16 E-LMI)

Ethernet CFM

Ethernet CFM is an end-to-end per-service-instance Ethernet OAM scheme which enables: proactive connectivity monitoring, fault verification, and fault isolation.

The service-instance with regard to OAM for Metro/Carrier Ethernet is a VLAN. This service is sold to an end-customer by a network service provider. Typically the service provider contracts with multiple network operators to provide end-to-end service between customers. For end-to-end service between customer switches, connectivity must be present across the service provider through multiple network operators.

Layer 2 Ethernet networks usually cannot be managed with IP tools such as ICMP Ping and IP Traceroute. Traditional IP tools often fail because:

• there are complex interactions between various Layer 2 and Layer 3 protocols such as STP, LAG, VRRP and ECMP configurations.

• Ping and traceroute are not designed to verify data connectivity in the network and within each node in the network (such as in the switching fabric and hardware forwarding tables).

• when networks are built from different operational domains, access controls impose restrictions that cannot be overcome at the IP level, resulting in poor fault visibility. There is a need for hierarchical domains that can be monitored and maintained independently by each provider or operator.

• routing protocols choose a subset of the total network topology for forwarding, making it hard to detect faults in links and nodes that are not included in the active routing topology. This is made more complex when using some form of Traffic Engineering (TE) based routing.

• network and element discovery and cataloging is not clearly defined using IP troubleshooting tools.

802.1ag | 69

There is a need for Layer 2 equivalents to manage and troubleshoot native Layer 2 Ethernet networks. With these tools, you can identify, isolate, and repair faults quickly and easily, which reduces operational cost of running the network. OAM also increases availability and reduces mean time to recovery, which allows for tighter service level agreements, resulting in increased revenue for the service provider.

In addition to providing end-to-end OAM in native Layer 2 Ethernet Service Provider/Metro networks, you can also use CFM to manage and troubleshoot any Layer 2 network including enterprise, datacenter, and cluster networks.

Maintenance Domains

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Connectivity Fault Management (CFM) divides a network into hierarchical maintenance domains, as shown in Figure 5-1.

A CFM maintenance domain is a management space on a network that is owned and operated by a single management entity. The network administrator assigns a unique maintenance level (0 to 7) to each domain to define the hierarchical relationship between domains. Domains can touch or nest but cannot overlap or intersect as that would require management by multiple entities.

Figure 5-1. OAM Domains

Customer Network

Ethernet Access

Operator Domain (5)

Service Provider Network

MPLS Core MPLS Access

Customer Domain (7)

Provider Domain (6)

Operator Domain (5)

MPLS Domain (4)

Customer Network

Operator Domain (5)

Maintenance Points

Domains are comprised of logical entities called Maintenance Points. A maintenance point is an interface demarcation that confines CFM frames to a domain. There are two types of maintenance points:

• Maintenance End Points (MEPs): a logical entity that marks the end-point of a domain

• Maintenance Intermediate Points (MIPs): a logical entity configured at a port of a switch that is an intermediate point of a Maintenance Entity (ME). An ME is a point-to-point relationship between two MEPs within a single domain. MIPs are internal to a domain, not at the boundary, and respond to CFM only when triggered by linktrace and loopback messages. MIPs can be configured to snoop Continuity Check Messages (CCMs) to build a MIP CCM database.

70 | 802.1ag

These roles define the relationships between all devices so that each device can monitor the layers under its responsibility. Maintenance points drop all lower-level frames and forward all higher-level frames.

Figure 5-2. Maintenance Points

Customer Network

Service Provider Network

Customer Network

Ethernet Access

Operator Domain (5)

MEP

Maintenance End Points

A Maintenance End Point (MEP) is a logical entity that marks the end-point of a domain. There are two types of MEPs defined in 802.1ag for an 802.1 bridge:

• Up-MEP: monitors the forwarding path internal to an bridge on the customer or provider edge; on Dell Force10 systems the internal forwarding path is effectively the switch fabric and forwarding engine.

• Down-MEP: monitors the forwarding path external another bridge.

Configure Up- MEPs on ingress ports, ports that send traffic towards the bridge relay. Configure Down-MEPs on egress ports, ports that send traffic away from the bridge relay.

MPLS Core MPLS Access

Customer Domain (7)

Provider Domain (6)

Operator Domain (5)

MPLS Domain (4)

MIP

Operator Domain (5)

Figure 5-3. Up-MEP versus Down-MEP

Customer Network

towards relay

Up-MEP

Down-MEP

away from relay

Service Provider Ethernet Access

802.1ag | 71

Implementation Information

• Since the S-Series has a single MAC address for all physical/LAG interfaces, only one MEP is allowed per MA (per VLAN or per MD level).

Configure CFM

Configuring CFM is a five-step process:

1. Configure the ecfmacl CAM region using the

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2. Enable Ethernet CFM. See page 73.

3. Create a Maintenance Domain. See page 73.

4. Create a Maintenance Association. See page 74.

5. Create Maintenance Points. See page 74.

6. Use CFM tools: a Continuity Check Messages on page 77 b Loopback Message and Response on page 78 c Linktrace Message and Response on page 78

Related Configuration Tasks

• Enable CFM SNMP Traps. on page 80

• Display Ethernet CFM Statistics on page 81

cam-acl command.

72 | 802.1ag

Enable Ethernet CFM

Task Command Syntax Command Mode

Spawn the CFM process. No CFM configuration is allowed until the CFM process is spawned.

Disable Ethernet CFM without stopping the CFM process.

ethernet cfm

disable

CONFIGURATION

ETHERNET CFM

Create a Maintenance Domain

Connectivity Fault Management (CFM) divides a network into hierarchical maintenance domains, as shown in Figure 5-1.

Step Task Command Syntax Command Mode

1 Create maintenance domain. domain name md-level number

Range: 0-7

2 Display maintenance domain information. show ethernet cfm domain [name |

brief]

Force10# show ethernet cfm domain

Domain Name: customer Level: 7 Total Service: 1 Services MA-Name VLAN CC-Int X-CHK Status

My_MA 200 10s enabled

Domain Name: praveen Level: 6 Total Service: 1 Services MA-Name VLAN CC-Int X-CHK Status

Your_MA 100 10s enabled

ETHERNET CFM

EXEC Privilege

802.1ag | 73

Create a Maintenance Association

A Maintenance Association MA is a subdivision of an MD that contains all managed entities corresponding to a single end-to-end service, typically a VLAN. An MA is associated with a VLAN ID.

Task Command Syntax Command Mode

Create maintenance association. service name vlan vlan-id ECFM DOMAIN

Create Maintenance Points

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Domains are comprised of logical entities called Maintenance Points. A maintenance point is a interface demarcation that confines CFM frames to a domain. There are two types of maintenance points:

• Maintenance End Points (MEPs): a logical entity that marks the end-point of a domain

• Maintenance Intermediate Points (MIPs): a logical entity configured at a port of a switch that constitutes intermediate points of an Maintenance Entity (ME). An ME is a point-to-point relationship between two MEPs within a single domain.

These roles define the relationships between all devices so that each device can monitor the layers under its responsibility.

Create a Maintenance End Point

A Maintenance End Point (MEP) is a logical entity that marks the end-point of a domain. There are two types of MEPs defined in 802.1ag for an 802.1 bridge:

• Down-MEP: monitors the forwarding path external another bridge.

Configure Up- MEPs on ingress ports, ports that send traffic towards the bridge relay. Configure Down-MEPs on egress ports, ports that send traffic away from the bridge relay.

Task Command Syntax Command Mode

Create an MEP. ethernet cfm mep {up-mep | down-mep} domain {name |

level

} ma-name name mepid mep-id

Range: 1-8191

Display configured MEPs and MIPs.

show ethernet cfm maintenance-points local [mep | mip] EXEC Privilege

INTERFACE

74 | 802.1ag

Task Command Syntax Command Mode

Force10#show ethernet cfm maintenance-points local mep

------------------------------------------------------------------------------MPID Domain Name Level Type Port CCM-Status MA Name VLAN Dir MAC

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

100 cfm0 7 MEP Gi 4/10 Enabled test0 10 DOWN 00:01:e8:59:23:45

200 cfm1 6 MEP Gi 4/10 Enabled test1 20 DOWN 00:01:e8:59:23:45

300 cfm2 5 MEP Gi 4/10 Enabled test2 30 DOWN 00:01:e8:59:23:45

Create a Maintenance Intermediate Point

Maintenance Intermediate Point (MIP) is a logical entity configured at a port of a switch that constitutes intermediate points of an Maintenance Entity (ME). An ME is a point-to-point relationship between two MEPs within a single domain. An MIP is not associated with any MA or service instance, and it belongs to the entire MD.

Task Command Syntax Command Mode

Create an MIP. ethernet cfm mip domain {name | level } ma-name name INTERFACE Display configured MEPs and

MIPs.

Force10#show ethernet cfm maintenance-points local mip

------------------------------------------------------------------------------MPID Domain Name Level Type Port CCM-Status MA Name VLAN Dir MAC

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

0 service1 4 MIP Gi 0/5 Disabled My_MA 3333 DOWN 00:01:e8:0b:c6:36

0 service1 4 MIP Gi 0/5 Disabled Your_MA 3333 UP 00:01:e8:0b:c6:36

show ethernet cfm maintenance-points local [mep | mip] EXEC Privilege

MP Databases

CFM maintains two MP databases:

• MEP Database (MEP-DB): Every MEP must maintain a database of all other MEPs in the MA that have announced their presence via CCM.

802.1ag | 75

• MIP Database (MIP-DB): Every MIP must maintain a database of all other MEPs in the MA that have announced their presence via CCM

Task Command Syntax Command Mode

Display the MEP Database.

Force10#show ethernet cfm maintenance-points remote detail

MAC Address: 00:01:e8:58:68:78 Domain Name: cfm0 MA Name: test0 Level: 7

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VLAN: 10 MP ID: 900 Sender Chassis ID: Force10 MEP Interface status: Up MEP Port status: Forwarding Receive RDI: FALSE MP Status: Active

Display the MIP Database.

MP Database Persistence

Task Command Syntax Command Mode

Set the amount of time that data from a missing MEP is kept in the Continuity Check Database.

show ethernet cfm maintenance-points remote detail

[active | domain {level | name} | expired | waiting]

show ethernet cfm mipdb

database hold-time minutes

Default: 100 minutes Range: 100-65535 minutes

EXEC Privilege

ECFM DOMAIN

76 | 802.1ag

Continuity Check Messages

Continuity Check Messages (CCM) are periodic hellos used to:

• discover MEPs and MIPs within a maintenance domain

• detect loss of connectivity between MEPs

• detect mis-configuration, such as VLAN ID mismatch between MEPs

• to detect unauthorized MEPs in a maintenance domain

Continuity Check Messages (CCM) are multicast Ethernet frames sent at regular intervals from each MEP. They have a destination address based on the MD level (01:80:C2:00:00:3X where X is the MD level of the transmitting MEP from 0 to 7). All MEPs must listen to these multicast MAC addresses and process these messages. MIPs may optionally processes the CCM messages originated by MEPs and construct a MIP CCM database.

MEPs and MIPs filter CCMs from higher and lower domain levels as described in Table 5-1.

Table 5-1. Continuity Check Message Processing

Frames at Frames from UP-MEP Action Down-MEP Action MIP Action

Less than my level Bridge-relay side or Wire side Drop Drop Drop My level Bridge-relay side Consume Drop Add to MIP-DB

Wire side Drop Consume

Greater than my level Bridge-relay side or Wire side Forward Forward Forward

and forward

All the remote MEPs in the maintenance domain are defined on each MEP. Each MEP then expects a periodic CCM from the configured list of MEPs. A connectivity failure is then defined as:

1. Loss of 3 consecutive CCMs from any of the remote MEP, which indicates a network failure

2. Reception of a CCM with an incorrect CCM transmission interval, which indicates a configuration error.

3. Reception of CCM with an incorrect MEP ID or MAID, which indicates a configuration or cross-connect error. This could happen when different VLANs are cross-connected due to a configuration error.

4. Reception of a CCM with an MD level lower than that of the receiving MEP, which indicates a configuration or cross-connect error.

5. Reception of a CCM containing a port status/interface status TLV, which indicates a failed bridge or aggregated port.

The Continuity Check protocol sends fault notifications (Syslogs, and SNMP traps if enabled) whenever any of the above errors are encountered.

802.1ag | 77

Enable CCM

Step Task Command Syntax Command Mode

1 Enable CCM.

2 Configure the transmit interval (mandatory).

The interval specified applies to all MEPs in the domain.

Enable Cross-checking

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Task Command Syntax Command Mode

Enable cross-checking.

Start the cross-check operation for an MEP. Configure the amount of time the system waits for a

remote MEP to come up before the cross-check operation is started.

Loopback Message and Response

no ccm disable

Default: Disabled

ccm transmit-interval seconds

Default: 10 seconds

mep cross-check enable

Default: Disabled

mep cross-check mep-id

mep cross-check start-delay

number

ECFM DOMAIN

ETHERNET CFM

ETHERNET CFM ETHERNET CFM

Loopback Message and Response (LBM, LBR), also called Layer 2 Ping, is an administrative echo transmitted by MEPs to verify reachability to another MEP or MIP within the maintenance domain. LBM and LBR are unicast frames.

Task Command Syntax Command Mode

Send a Loopback message. ping ethernet domain name ma-name ma-name remote

{mep-id | mac-addr mac-address} source {mep-id | port

interface}

EXEC Privilege

Linktrace Message and Response

Linktrace Message and Response (LTM, LTR), also called Layer 2 Traceroute, is an administratively sent multicast frames transmitted by MEPs to track, hop-by-hop, the path to another MEP or MIP within the maintenance domain. All MEPs and MIPs in the same domain respond to an LTM with a unicast LTR. Intermediate MIPs forward the LTM toward the target MEP.

78 | 802.1ag

Figure 5-4. Linktrace Message and Response

MPLS Core

MEP

MIP MIP

MIP

Link trace messages carry a unicast target address (the MAC address of an MIP or MEP) inside a multicast frame. The destination group address is based on the MD level of the transmitting MEP (01:80:C2:00:00:3[8 to F]). The MPs on the path to the target MAC address reply to the LTM with an LTR, and relays the LTM towards the target MAC until the target MAC is reached or TTL equals 0.

Task Command Syntax Command Mode

Send a Linktrace message. Since the LTM is a Multicast message sent to the entire ME, there is no need to specify a destination.

traceroute ethernet domain

EXEC Privilege

Link Trace Cache

After a Link Trace command is executed, the trace information can be cached so that you can view it later without retracing.

Task Command Syntax Command Mode

Enable Link Trace caching. Set the amount of time a trace result is cached. traceroute cache hold-time minutes

Set the size of the Link Trace Cache. traceroute cache size entries

Display the Link Trace Cache.

traceroute cache

Default: 100 minutes Range: 10-65535 minutes

Default: 100 Range: 1 - 4095 entries

show ethernet cfm traceroute-cache

CONFIGURATION ETHERNET CFM

ETHERNET CFM

EXEC Privilege

802.1ag | 79

Task Command Syntax Command Mode

Force10#show ethernet cfm traceroute-cache

Traceroute to 00:01:e8:52:4a:f8 on Domain Customer2, Level 7, MA name Test2 with VLAN 2

----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hops Host IngressMAC Ingr Action Relay Action Next Host Egress MAC Egress Action FWD Status

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4 00:00:00:01:e8:53:4a:f8 00:01:e8:52:4a:f8 IngOK RlyHit 00:00:00:01:e8:52:4a:f8 Terminal MEP

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Delete all Link Trace Cache entries.

Enable CFM SNMP Traps.

Task Command Syntax Command Mode

clear ethernet cfm traceroute-cache

EXEC Privilege

Enable SNMP trap messages for Ethernet CFM.

A Trap is sent only when one of the five highest priority defects occur, as shown in Table 5-2.

Table 5-2. ECFM SNMP Traps

%ECFM-5-ECFM_XCON_ALARM: Cross connect fault detected by MEP 1 in Domain customer1

Cross-connect defect Error-CCM defect MAC Status defect Remote CCM defect RDI defect

at Level 7 VLAN 1000

%ECFM-5-ECFM_ERROR_ALARM: Error CCM Defect detected by MEP 1 in Domain customer1 at Level 7 VLAN 1000

%ECFM-5-ECFM_MAC_STATUS_ALARM: MAC Status Defect detected by MEP 1 in Domain provider at Level 4 VLAN 3000

%ECFM-5-ECFM_REMOTE_ALARM: Remote CCM Defect detected by MEP 3 in Domain customer1 at Level 7 VLAN 1000

%ECFM-5-ECFM_RDI_ALARM: RDI Defect detected by MEP 3 in Domain customer1 at Level 7 VLAN 1000

snmp-server enable traps ecfm

CONFIGURATION

80 | 802.1ag

Three values are giving within the trap messages: MD Index, MA Index, and MPID. You can reference these values against the output of

local mep

Force10#show ethernet cfm maintenance-points local mep

------------------------------------------------------------------------------MPID Domain Name Level Type Port CCM-Status MA Name VLAN Dir MAC

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

100 cfm0 7 MEP Gi 4/10 Enabled test0 10 DOWN 00:01:e8:59:23:45

Force10(conf-if-gi-0/6)#do show ethernet cfm domain

Domain Name: My_Name

MD Index: 1

Level: 0 Total Service: 1 Services

MA-Index MA-Name VLAN CC-Int X-CHK Status

1 test 0 1s enabled

Domain Name: Your_Name MD Index: 2 Level: 2 Total Service: 1 Services

MA-Index MA-Name VLAN CC-Int X-CHK Status

1 test 100 1s enabled

show ethernet cfm domain and show ethernet cfm maintenance-points

Display Ethernet CFM Statistics

Task Command Syntax Command Mode

Display MEP CCM statistics. show ethernet cfm statistics [domain {name | level}

vlan-id

vlan-id mpid mpid

Force10# show ethernet cfm statistics

Domain Name: Customer Domain Level: 7 MA Name: My_MA MPID: 300

CCMs: Transmitted: 1503 RcvdSeqErrors: 0 LTRs: Unexpected Rcvd: 0 LBRs: Received: 0 Rcvd Out Of Order: 0 Received Bad MSDU: 0 Transmitted: 0

EXEC Privilege

802.1ag | 81

Task Command Syntax Command Mode

Display CFM statistics by port. show ethernet cfm port-statistics [interface] EXEC Privilege

Force10#show ethernet cfm port-statistics interface gigabitethernet 0/5 Port statistics for port: Gi 0/5 ==================================

RX Statistics ============= Total CFM Pkts 75394 CCM Pkts 75394 LBM Pkts 0 LTM Pkts 0 LBR Pkts 0 LTR Pkts 0 Bad CFM Pkts 0 CFM Pkts Discarded 0

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CFM Pkts forwarded 102417

TX Statistics ============= Total CFM Pkts 10303 CCM Pkts 0 LBM Pkts 0 LTM Pkts 3 LBR Pkts 0 LTR Pkts 0

82 | 802.1ag

802.1X

fnC0033mp

802.1X is supported on platforms: c e s

Protocol Overview

802.1X is a method of port security. A device connected to a port that is enabled with 802.1X is disallowed

from sending or receiving packets on the network until its identity can be verified (through a username and password, for example). This feature is named for its IEEE specification.

802.1X employs Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)* to transfer a device’s credentials to an

authentication server (typically RADIUS) via a mandatory intermediary network access device, in this case, a Dell Force10 switch. The network access device mediates all communication between the end-user device and the authentication server so that the network remains secure. The network access device uses EAP over Ethernet (EAPOL) to communicate with the end-user device and EAP over RADIUS to communicate with the server.

End-user Device

EAP over LAN (EAPOL)

Figure 6-1 and Figure show how EAP frames are encapsulated in Ethernet and Radius frames.

Note: FTOS supports 802.1X with EAP-MD5, EAP-OTP, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, PEAPv0, PEAPv1, and MS-CHAPv2 with PEAP.

Force10 switch

RADIUS Serv

EAP over RADIUS

802.1X | 83

Figure 6-1. EAPOL Frame Format

Preamble

Start Frame Delimiter

Range: 0-4

Type: 0: EAP Packet

1: EAPOL Start

2: EAPOL Logoff

3: EAPOL Key

4: EAPOL Encapsulated-ASF-Alert

Destination MAC (1:80:c2:00:00:03)

Source MAC (Auth Port MAC)

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The authentication process involves three devices:

• The device attempting to access the network is the supplicant. The supplicant is not allowed to communicate on the network until the port is authorized by the authenticator. It can only communicate with the authenticator in response to 802.1X requests.

• The device with which the supplicant communicates is the authenticator. The authenicator is the gate keeper of the network. It translates and forwards requests and responses between the authentication server and the supplicant. The authenticator also changes the status of the port based on the results of the authentication process. The Dell Force10 switch is the authenticator.

• The authentication-server selects the authentication method, verifies the information provided by the supplicant, and grants it network access privileges.

Protocol Version (1)

Range: 1-4 Codes: 1: Request 2: Response 3: Success 4: Failure

Ethernet Type (0x888e)

Packet Type

Range: 1-255 Codes: 1: Identity 2: Notification 3: NAK 4: MD-5 Challenge 5: One-Time Challenge 6: Generic Token Card

Code (0-4)

Length

ID (Seq Number)

EAPOL Frame

Length

EAP-Method Code (0-255)

EAP Frame

Length

Padding

FCS

EAP-Method Frame

EAP-Method Data (Supplicant Requested Credentials)

Ports can be in one of two states:

• Ports are in an unauthorized state by default. In this state, non-802.1X traffic cannot be forwarded in

• The authenticator changes the port state to authorized if the server can authenticate the supplicant. In

The Port-authentication Process

The authentication process begins when the authenticator senses that a link status has changed from down to up:

1. When the authenticator senses a link state change, it requests that the supplicant identify itself using an

2. The supplicant responds with its identity in an EAP Response Identity frame.

84 | 802.1X

or out of the port.

this state, network traffic can be forwarded normally.

Note: The Dell Force10 switches place 802.1X-enabled ports in the unauthorized state by default.

EAP Identity Request Frame.

3. The authenticator decapsulates the EAP Response from the EAPOL frame, encapsulates it in a

EAP {Sucess | Failure}

RADIUS Access-Request frame, and forwards the frame to the authentication server.

4. The authentication server replies with an Access-Challenge. The Access-Challenge is request that the supplicant prove that it is who it claims to be, using a specified method (an EAP-Method). The challenge is translated and forwarded to the supplicant by the authenticator.

5. The supplicant can negotiate the authentication method, but if it is acceptable, the supplicant provides the requested challenge information in an EAP Response, which is translated and forwarded to the authentication server as another Access-Request.

6. If the identity information provided by the supplicant is valid, the authentication server sends an Access-Accept frame in which network privileges are specified. The authenticator changes the port state to authorized, and forwards an EAP Success frame. If the identity information is invalid, the server sends and Access-Reject frame. The port state remains unauthorized, and the authenticator forwards EAP Failure frame.

Figure 6-2. 802.1X Authentication Process

Supplicant

Authenticator

Authenticati Server

EAP over LAN (EAPOL)

Request Identity

Response Identity

EAP Request EAP Reponse

EAP over RADIUS

Access Request

Access Challenge

Access Request

Access {Accept | Reject}

EAP over RADIUS

802.1X uses RADIUS to shuttle EAP packets between the authenticator and the authentication server, as

defined in RFC 3579. EAP messages are encapsulated in RADIUS packets as a type of attribute in Type, Length, Value (TLV) format. The Type value for EAP messages is 79.

802.1X | 85

Figure 6-3. RADIUS Frame Format

R C

Code

ange: 1-4

odes: 1: Access-Request 2: Access-Accept 3: Access-Reject 11: Access-Challenge

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RADIUS Attributes for 802.1 Support

Identifier

Length

Dell Force10 systems includes the following RADIUS attributes in all 802.1X-triggered Access-Request messages:

• Attribute 5—NAS-Port: the physical port number by which the authenticator is connected to the

supplicant.

• Attribute 31—Calling-station-id: relays the supplicant MAC address to the authentication server.

• Attribute 41—NAS-Port-Type: NAS-port physical port type. 5 indicates Ethernet.

• Attribute 81—Tunnel-Private-Group-ID: associate a tunneled session with a particular group of

users.

Message-Authenticator Attribute

Type (79)

Length

EAP-Message Attribute

EAP-Method Data (Supplicant Requested Credentials)

fnC0034m

86 | 802.1X

Configuring 802.1X

Configuring 802.1X on a port is a two-step process:

1. Enable 802.1X globally. See page 87.

2. Enable 802.1X on an interface. See page 87.

Related Configuration Tasks

• Configuring Request Identity Re-transmissions on page 90

• Configuring Port-control on page 92

• Re-authenticating a Port on page 93

• Configuring Timeouts on page 94

• Configuring a Guest VLAN on page 97

• Configuring an Authentication-fail VLAN on page 97

Important Points to Remember

• FTOS supports 802.1X with EAP-MD5, EAP-OTP, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, PEAPv0, PEAPv1, and MS-CHAPv2 with PEAP.

• E-Series and C-Series support only RADIUS as the authentication server.

• 802.1X is not supported on port-channels or port-channel members.

Enabling 802.1X

802.1X must be enabled globally and at interface level.

802.1X | 87

Figure 6-4. Enabling 802.1X

F F F F ! i

! i

Supplicant

Authenticator

Authenticati Server

orce10(conf)#dot1x authentication orce10(conf)#interface range gigabitethernet 2/1 - 2 orce10(conf-if-range-gi-2/1-2)#dot1x authentication orce10(conf-if-range-gi-2/1-2)#show config

nterface GigabitEthernet 2/1 ip address 2.2.2.2/24 dot1x authentication

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no shutdown nterface GigabitEthernet 2/2

ip address 1.0.0.1/24 dot1x authentication no shutdown

2/1

2/2

88 | 802.1X

To enable 802.1X:

Step Task Command Syntax Command Mode

1 Enable 802.1X globally. 2 Enter INTERFACE mode on an interface or a range of

dot1x authentication

interface [range] INTERFACE

interfaces.

3 Enable 802.1X on an interface or a range of interfaces.

dot1x authentication

Verify that 802.1X is enabled globally and at interface level using the command

dot1x

from EXEC Privilege mode, as shown in Figure 6-5.

Figure 6-5. Verifying 802.1X Global Configuration

Force10#show running-config | find dot1x dot1x authentication ! [output omitted] ! interface GigabitEthernet 2/1 ip address 2.2.2.2/24 dot1x authentication no shutdown ! interface GigabitEthernet 2/2 ip address 1.0.0.1/24 dot1x authentication no shutdown

--More--

802.1X Enabled

802.1X Enabled on

CONFIGURATION

INTERFACE

show running-config | find

View 802.1X configuration information for an interface using the command show dot1x interface, as

shown in Figure 6-6.

Figure 6-6. Verifying 802.1X Interface Configuration

Force10#show dot1x interface gigabitethernet 2/1

802.1x information on Gi 2/1:

----------------------------Dot1x Status: Enable Port Control: AUTO Port Auth Status: UNAUTHORIZED Re-Authentication: Disable Untagged VLAN id: None Tx Period: 30 seconds Quiet Period: 60 seconds ReAuth Max: 2 Supplicant Timeout: 30 seconds Server Timeout: 30 seconds Re-Auth Interval: 3600 seconds Max-EAP-Req: 2 Auth Type: SINGLE_HOST

Auth PAE State: Initialize Backend State: Initialize

802.1X Enabled on

All ports unauthorized by default

802.1X | 89

Configuring Request Identity Re-transmissions

If the authenticator sends a Request Identity frame, but the supplicant does not respond, the authenticator

waits 30 seconds and then re-transmits the frame. The amount of time that the authenticator waits before

re-transmitting and the maximum number of times that the authenticator re-transmits are configurable.

Note: There are several reasons why the supplicant might fail to respond; the supplicant might have been booting when the request arrived, or there might be a physical layer problem.

To configure the amount of time that the authenticator waits before re-transmitting an EAP Request

Identity frame:

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Step Task Command Syntax Command Mode

1 Configure the amount of time that the authenticator

waits before re-transmitting an EAP Request Identity frame.

dot1x tx-period number

Range: 1-31536000 (1 year) Default: 30

INTERFACE

To configure a maximum number of Request Identity re-transmissions:

Step Task Command Syntax Command Mode

1 Configure a maximum number of times that a Request

Identity frame can be re-transmitted by the authenticator.

dot1x max-eap-req number

Range: 1-10 Default: 2

INTERFACE

Figure 6-7 shows configuration information for a port for which the authenticator re-transmits an EAP

Request Identity frame after 90 seconds and re-transmits a maximum of 10 times.

Configuring a Quiet Period after a Failed Authentication

If the supplicant fails the authentication process, the authenticator sends another Request Identity frame

after 30 seconds by default, but this period can be configured.

Note: The quiet period (dot1x quiet-period) is an transmit interval for after a failed authentication where as the Request Identity Re-transmit interval (dot1x tx-period) is for an unresponsive supplicant.

90 | 802.1X

To configure the quiet period after a failed authentication:

Step Task Command Syntax Command Mode

1 Configure the amount of time that the authenticator

waits to re-transmit a Request Identity frame after a failed authentication.

dot1x quiet-period seconds

Range: 1-65535 Default: 60

INTERFACE

Figure 6-7 shows configuration information for a port for which the authenticator re-transmits an EAP

Request Identity frame:

• after 90 seconds and a maximum of 10 times for an unresponsive supplicant

• Re-transmits an EAP Request Identity frame

Figure 6-7. Configuring a Request Identity Re-transmissions

Force10(conf-if-range-gi-2/1)#dot1x tx-period 90 Force10(conf-if-range-gi-2/1)#dot1x max-eap-req 10 Force10(conf-if-range-gi-2/1)#dot1x quiet-period 120 Force10#show dot1x interface gigabitethernet 2/1

802.1x information on Gi 2/1:

----------------------------Dot1x Status: Enable Port Control: AUTO Port Auth Status: UNAUTHORIZED Re-Authentication: Disable Untagged VLAN id: None Tx Period: 90 seconds Quiet Period: 120 seconds ReAuth Max: 2 Supplicant Timeout: 30 seconds Server Timeout: 30 seconds Re-Auth Interval: 3600 seconds Max-EAP-Req: 10 Auth Type: SINGLE_HOST

New Re-transmit Interval

New Quiet Period

New Maximum Re-transmissions

Auth PAE State: Initialize Backend State: Initialize

Forcibly Authorizing or Unauthorizing a Port

IEEE 802.1X requires that a port can be manually placed into any of three states:

• ForceAuthorized is an authorized state. A device connected to this port in this state is never subjected

to the authentication process, but is allowed to communicate on the network. Placing the port in this state is same as disabling 802.1X on the port.

802.1X | 91

• ForceUnauthorized an unauthorized state. A device connected to a port in this state is never subjected

to the authentication process and is not allowed to communicate on the network. Placing the port in this state is the same as shutting down the port. Any attempt by the supplicant to initiate authentication is ignored.

• Auto is an unauthorized state by default. A device connected to this port is this state is subjected to the

authentication process. If the process is successful, the port is authorized and the connected device can communicate on the network. All ports are placed in the auto state by default.

To place a port in one of these three states:

Step Task Command Syntax Command Mode

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ForceUnauthorized, or Auto state.

Figure 6-8 shows configuration information for a port that has been force-authorized.

Figure 6-8. Configuring Port-control

Force10(conf-if-gi-2/1)#dot1x port-control force-authorized Force10(conf-if-gi-2/1)#do show dot1x interface gigabitethernet 2/1

802.1x information on Gi 2/1:

----------------------------Dot1x Status: Enable Port Control: FORCE_AUTHORIZED Port Auth Status: UNAUTHORIZED Re-Authentication: Disable Untagged VLAN id: None Tx Period: 90 seconds Quiet Period: 120 seconds ReAuth Max: 2 Supplicant Timeout: 30 seconds Server Timeout: 30 seconds Re-Auth Interval: 3600 seconds Max-EAP-Req: 10 Auth Type: SINGLE_HOST

Auth PAE State: Initialize Backend State: Initialize Auth PAE State: Initialize Backend State: Initialize

1 Place a port in the ForceAuthorized,

dot1x port-control {force-authorized | force-unauthorized | auto}

Default: auto

New Port-control State

INTERFACE

92 | 802.1X

Re-authenticating a Port

Periodic Re-authentication

After the supplicant has been authenticated, and the port has been authorized, the authenticator can be

configured to re-authenticates the supplicant periodically. If re-authentication is enabled, the supplicant is

required to re-authenticate every 3600 seconds, but this interval can be configured. A maximum number of

re-authentications can be configured as well.

To configure a re-authentication or a re-authentication period:

Step Task Command Syntax Command Mode

1 Configure the authenticator to

periodically re-authenticate the supplicant.

dot1x reauthentication [interval] seconds

Range: 1-65535 Default: 60

INTERFACE

To configure a maximum number of re-authentications:

Step Task Command Syntax Command Mode

1 Configure the maximum number of

times that the supplicant can be reauthenticated.

dot1x reauth-max number

Range: 1-10 Default: 2

INTERFACE

802.1X | 93

Figure 6-9. Configuring a Reauthentiction Period

Force10(conf-if-gi-2/1)#dot1x reauthentication interval 7200 Force10(conf-if-gi-2/1)#dot1x reauth-max 10 Force10(conf-if-gi-2/1)#do show dot1x interface gigabitethernet 2/1

802.1x information on Gi 2/1:

----------------------------Dot1x Status: Enable Port Control: FORCE_AUTHORIZED Port Auth Status: UNAUTHORIZED Re-Authentication: Enable Untagged VLAN id: None Tx Period: 90 seconds Quiet Period: 120 seconds ReAuth Max: 10 Supplicant Timeout: 30 seconds

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Server Timeout: 30 seconds Re-Auth Interval: 7200 seconds Max-EAP-Req: 10 Auth Type: SINGLE_HOST

Auth PAE State: Initialize Backend State: Initialize Auth PAE State: Initialize

Re-authentication Enabled

New Maximum

New Re-authentication Period

Configuring Timeouts

If the supplicant or the authentication server is unresponsive, the authenticator terminates the

authentication process after 30 seconds by default. This amount of time that the authenticator waits for a

response can be configured.

To terminate the authentication process due to an unresponsive supplicant:

Step Task Command Syntax Command Mode

1 Terminate the authentication process due to an

unresponsive supplicant.

To terminate the authentication process due to an unresponsive authentication server:

Step Task Command Syntax Command Mode

1 Terminate the authentication process due to an

unresponsive authentication server.

dot1x supplicant-timeout seconds

Range: 1-300 Default: 30

dot1x server-timeout seconds

Range: 1-300 Default: 30

INTERFACE

Figure 6-10 shows configuration information for a port for which the authenticator terminates the

authentication process for an unresponsive supplicant or server after 15 seconds.

94 | 802.1X

Figure 6-10. Configuring a Timeout

Force10(conf-if-gi-2/1)#dot1x port-control force-authorized Force10(conf-if-gi-2/1)#do show dot1x interface gigabitethernet 2/1

802.1x information on Gi 2/1:

----------------------------Dot1x Status: Enable Port Control: FORCE_AUTHORIZED Port Auth Status: UNAUTHORIZED Re-Authentication: Disable Untagged VLAN id: None Guest VLAN: Disable Guest VLAN id: NONE Auth-Fail VLAN: Disable Auth-Fail VLAN id: NONE Auth-Fail Max-Attempts: NONE Tx Period: 90 seconds Quiet Period: 120 seconds ReAuth Max: 10 Supplicant Timeout: 15 seconds Server Timeout: 15 seconds Re-Auth Interval: 7200 seconds Max-EAP-Req: 10 Auth Type: SINGLE_HOST

Auth PAE State: Initialize Backend State: Initialize

New Supplicant and Server Timeouts

Dynamic VLAN Assignment with Port Authentication

FTOS supports dynamic VLAN assignment when using 802.1X. The basis for VLAN assignment is

RADIUS attribute 81, Tunnel-Private-Group-ID. Dynamic VLAN assignment uses the standard dot1x

procedure: 1) the host sends a dot1x packet to the Dell Force10 system, 2) the system forwards a RADIUS

REQEST packet containing the host MAC address and ingress port number, and 3) the RADIUS server

authenticates the request and returns a RADIUS ACCEPT message with the VLAN assignment using

Tunnel-Private-Group-ID.

Step Task

1 Configure 8021.x globally and at interface level (see Enabling 802.1X on page 87) along with relevant RADIUS

server configurations (Figure 6-11) 2 Make the interface a switchport so that it can be assigned to a VLAN. 3 Create the VLAN to which the interface will be assigned. 4 Connect the supplicant to the port configured for 802.1X. 5 Verify that the port has been authorized and placed in the desired VLAN (Figure 6-11, red text).

In Figure 6-11 shows the configuration on the Dell Force10 system before connecting the end-user device in black and blue text, and after connecting the device in red text. The blue text corresponds to the preceding numbered steps on dynamic VLAN assignment with 802.1X.

802.1X | 95

Figure 6-11. Dynamic VLAN Assignment with 802.1X

F 8

D P P R U T Q R S S R M A A B

Force10(conf-if-gi-1/10)#show config interface GigabitEthernet 1/10 no ip address

switchport dot1x authentication

no shutdow

radius-server host 10.11.197.169 auth-port 1645 key 7 387a7f2df5969da4

End-user Device

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orce10#show dot1x interface gigabitethernet 1/10

02.1x information on Gi 1/10:

---------------------------ot1x Status: Enable

ort Control: AUTO ort Auth Status: AUTHORIZED e-Authentication: Disable

ntagged VLAN id: 400

x Period: 30 seconds

uiet Period: 60 seconds

eAuth Max: 2

upplicant Timeout: 30 seconds

erver Timeout: 30 seconds e-Auth Interval: 3600 seconds

ax-EAP-Req: 2 uth Type: SINGLE_HOST uth PAE State: Authenticated

ackend State: Idle

Force10 switch

1/10

Force10(conf-if-vl-400)# show config interface Vlan 400 no ip address shutdown

Force10#show vlan Codes: * - Default VLAN, G - GVRP VLANs

Q: U - Untagged, T - Tagged x - Dot1x untagged, X - Dot1x tagged G - GVRP tagged

NUM Status Description Q Ports * 1 Inactive U Gi 1/10 400 Inactive

Force10#show vlan Codes: * - Default VLAN, G - GVRP VLANs

Q: U - Untagged, T - Tagged x - Dot1x untagged, X - Dot1x tagged G - GVRP tagged

RADIUS Server

fnC0065mp

NUM Status Description Q Ports * 1 Inactive 400 Active U Gi 1/10

Guest and Authentication-fail VLANs

Typically, the authenticator (Dell Force10 system) denies the supplicant access to the network until the supplicant is authenticated. If the supplicant is authenticated, the authenticator enables the port and places it in either the VLAN for which the port is configured, or the VLAN that the authentication server indicates in the authentication data.

Note: Ports cannot be dynamically assigned to the default VLAN.

96 | 802.1X

If the supplicant fails authentication, the authenticator typically does not enable the port. In some cases this behavior is not appropriate. External users of an enterprise network, for example, might not be able to be authenticated, but still need access to the network. Also, some dumb-terminals such as network printers do not have 802.1X capability and therefore cannot authenticate themselves. To be able to connect such devices, they must be allowed access the network without compromising network security.

The Guest VLAN 802.1X extension addresses this limitation with regard to non-802.1X capable devices, and the Authentication-fail VLAN 802.1X extension addresses this limitation with regard to external users.

• If the supplicant fails authentication a specified number of times, the authenticator places the port in the Authentication-fail VLAN.

• If a port is already forwarding on the Guest VLAN when 802.1X is enabled, then the port is moved out of the Guest VLAN, and the authentication process begins.

Configuring a Guest VLAN

If the supplicant does not respond within a determined amount of time ([reauth-max + 1] * tx-period, see

Configuring Timeouts on page 94) the system assumes that the host does not have 802.1X capability, and

and the port is placed in the Guest VLAN.

Configure a port to be placed in the Guest VLAN after failing to respond within the timeout period using the command

dot1x guest-vlan from INTERFACE mode, as shown in Figure 6-12.

Figure 6-12. Configuring a Guest VLAN

Force10(conf-if-gi-1/2)#dot1x guest-vlan 200

Force10(conf-if-gi-1/2)#show config ! interface GigabitEthernet 1/2 switchport

dot1x guest-vlan 200

no shutdown Force10(conf-if-gi-1/2)#

View your configuration using the command show config from INTERFACE mode, as shown in

Figure 6-12, or using the command

show dot1x interface command from EXEC Privilege mode as shown

in Figure 6-14.

Configuring an Authentication-fail VLAN

If the supplicant fails authentication, the authenticator re-attempts to authenticate after a specified amount of time (30 seconds by default, see Configuring a Quiet Period after a Failed Authentication on page 90). You can configure the maximum number of times the authenticator re-attempts authentication after a failure (3 by default), after which the port is placed in the Authentication-fail VLAN.

Configure a port to be placed in the VLAN after failing the authentication process as specified number of times using the command Configure the maximum number of authentication attempts by the authenticator using the keyword

max-attempts with this command.

dot1x auth-fail-vlan from INTERFACE mode, as shown in Figure 6-13.

802.1X | 97

Figure 6-13. Configuring an Authentication-fail VLAN

Force10(conf-if-gi-1/2)#dot1x auth-fail-vlan 100 max-attempts 5

Force10(conf-if-gi-1/2)#show config ! interface GigabitEthernet 1/2 switchport dot1x guest-vlan 200

dot1x auth-fail-vlan 100 max-attempts 5

no shutdown Force10(conf-if-gi-1/2)#

View your configuration using the command show config from INTERFACE mode, as shown in

Figure 6-12, or using the command

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in Figure 6-14.

Figure 6-14. Viewing Guest and Authentication-fail VLAN Configurations

Force10(conf-if-gi-2/1)#dot1x port-control force-authorized Force10(conf-if-gi-2/1)#do show dot1x interface gigabitethernet 2/1

802.1x information on Gi 2/1:

----------------------------Dot1x Status: Enable Port Control: FORCE_AUTHORIZED Port Auth Status: UNAUTHORIZED Re-Authentication: Disable Untagged VLAN id: None

Guest VLAN: Enable Guest VLAN id: 200 Auth-Fail VLAN: Enable Auth-Fail VLAN id: 100 Auth-Fail Max-Attempts: 5

Tx Period: 90 seconds Quiet Period: 120 seconds ReAuth Max: 10 Supplicant Timeout: 15 seconds Server Timeout: 15 seconds Re-Auth Interval: 7200 seconds Max-EAP-Req: 10 Auth Type: SINGLE_HOST

show dot1x interface command from EXEC Privilege mode as shown

98 | 802.1X

Auth PAE State: Initialize Backend State: Initialize

Access Control Lists (ACL), Prefix Lists, and Route-maps

Access Control Lists, Prefix Lists, and Route-maps are supported on platforms: c e s

Ingress IP and MAC ACLs are supported on platforms: c e s

Egress IP and MAC ACLs are supported on platforms:

Overview

At their simplest, Access Control Lists (ACLs), Prefix lists, and Route-maps permit or deny traffic based on MAC and/or IP addresses. This chapter discusses implementing IP ACLs, IP Prefix lists and Route-maps. For MAC ACLS, refer to Chapter 10, Layer 2, on page 47.

An ACL is essentially a filter containing some criteria to match (examine IP, TCP, or UDP packets) and an action to take (permit or deny). ACLs are processed in sequence so that if a packet does not match the criterion in the first filter, the second filter (if configured) is applied. When a packet matches a filter, the switch drops or forwards the packet based on the filter’s specified action. If the packet does not match any of the filters in the ACL, the packet is dropped (implicit deny).

The number of ACLs supported on a system depends on your CAM size. See CAM Profiling, CAM

Allocation, and CAM Optimization in this chapter for more information. Refer to Chapter 10, Content Addressable Memory, on page 219 for complete CAM profiling information.

This chapter covers the following topics:

• IP Access Control Lists (ACLs) on page 100

• CAM Profiling, CAM Allocation, and CAM Optimization on page 100

• Implementing ACLs on FTOS on page 103

• IP Fragment Handling on page 104

• Configure a standard IP ACL on page 106

• Configure an extended IP ACL on page 109

• Configuring Layer 2 and Layer 3 ACLs on an Interface on page 112

• Assign an IP ACL to an Interface on page 112

• Configuring Ingress ACLs on page 114

• Configuring Egress ACLs on page 115

Access Control Lists (ACL), Prefix Lists, and Route-maps | 99

• Configuring ACLs to Loopback on page 116

• Applying an ACL on Loopback Interfaces on page 117

• IP Prefix Lists on page 118

• ACL Resequencing on page 123

• Route Maps on page 125

IP Access Control Lists (ACLs)

In the Dell Force10 switch/routers, you can create two different types of IP ACLs: standard or extended. A standard ACL filters packets based on the source IP packet. An extended ACL filters traffic based on the

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following criteria (for more information on ACL supported options see the FTOS Command Reference):

• IP protocol number

• Source IP address

• Destination IP address

• Source TCP port number

• Destination TCP port number

• Source UDP port number

• Destination UDP port number

For extended ACL TCP and UDP filters, you can match criteria on specific or ranges of TCP or UDP ports. For extended ACL TCP filters, you can also match criteria on established TCP sessions.

When creating an access list, the sequence of the filters is important. You have a choice of assigning sequence numbers to the filters as you enter them, or FTOS will assign numbers in the order the filters are created. The sequence numbers, whether configured or assigned by FTOS, are listed in the

show ip accounting access-list command display output.

and

Ingress and egress Hot Lock ACLs allow you to append or delete new rules into an existing ACL (already written into CAM) without disrupting traffic flow. Existing entries in CAM are shuffled to accommodate the new entries. Hot Lock ACLs are enabled by default and support both standard and extended ACLs and on all platforms.

Note: Hot Lock ACLs are supported for Ingress ACLs only.

show config

CAM Profiling, CAM Allocation, and CAM Optimization

CAM Profiling is supported on platform e User Configurable CAM Allocations are supported on platform c and

CAM optimization is supported on platforms

100 | Access Control Lists (ACL), Prefix Lists, and Route-maps

c s

Dell Force10 S55T Configuration manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

About this Guide

Objectives

Audience

Conventions

Information Symbols

Related Documents

Configuration Fundamentals

Accessing the Command Line

CLI Modes

Navigating CLI Modes

The do Command

Undoing Commands

Obtaining Help

Entering and Editing Commands

Command History

Filtering show Command Outputs

Multiple Users in Configuration mode

Getting Started

Console access

Serial console

Default Configuration

Configure a Host Name

Access the System Remotely

Access the C-Series and E-Series and the S4810 Remotely

Access the S-Series Remotely

Configure the Enable Password

Configuration File Management

Copy Files to and from the System

Save the Running-configuration

Configure the Overload bit for Startup Scenario

View Files

File System Management

View command history

Upgrading FTOS

Management

Configure Privilege Levels

Create a Custom Privilege Level

Apply a Privilege Level to a Username

Apply a Privilege Level to a Terminal Line

Configure Logging

Log Messages in the Internal Buffer

Configuration Task List for System Log Management

Disable System Logging

Send System Messages to a Syslog Server

Configure a Unix System as a Syslog Server

Change System Logging Settings

Display the Logging Buffer and the Logging Configuration

Configure a UNIX logging facility level

Synchronize log messages

Enable timestamp on syslog messages

File Transfer Services

Configuration Task List for File Transfer Services

Terminal Lines

Deny and Permit Access to a Terminal Line

Configure Login Authentication for Terminal Lines

Time out of EXEC Privilege Mode

Telnet to Another Network Device

Lock CONFIGURATION mode

Viewing the Configuration Lock Status

Recovering from a Forgotten Password on the S55

Recovering from a Forgotten Enable Password on the S55

Recovering from a Failed Start on the S55

802.1ag

Ethernet CFM

Maintenance Domains

Maintenance Points

Maintenance End Points

Implementation Information

Configure CFM

Related Configuration Tasks

Enable Ethernet CFM

Create a Maintenance Domain

Create a Maintenance Association

Create Maintenance Points

Create a Maintenance End Point

Create a Maintenance Intermediate Point