The uP6212 is a multi-phase synchronous-rectified buck
controller specifically designed to deliver high quality output
voltage for high-performance microprocessors and graphic
processors.
The uP6212 provides programmable 2/3-phase operation.
It also supports dynamic phase selection by PS1/2 pins
that automatically switches to single/two phase operation
at light load condition. The uP6212 supports both standalone and tracking mode operation. The output voltage is
tightly regulated to local or external reference voltages.
The uP6212 extract phase current signals by R
side switches for phase current balance. It senses the output
current by DCR of output inductors for load line slope setting
and over current protection. This yields both thermal balance
and accurate load line adjustment.
The uP6212 includes programmable no-load offset and
droop slope functions to adjust the output voltage as a
function of the load current, optimally positioning it for a
system transient.
Other features include accurate and reliable short-circuit
protection, adjustable over current protection, and a delayed
power OK output. This part is available in VQFN4x4 - 24L
package.
DS(ON)
of low
Features
Interleaved Two/Three Phase Operation
Programmable Dynamic Power Saving Mode
Operation
Simple Single-Loop Voltage-Mode Control
Lossless R
Current Sensing for Current
DS(ON)
Balance
Adjustable Operation Frequency form 50kHz to
1MHz Per Phase
External Compensation
Adjustable Over Current Protection
Adjustable Soft Start
VQFN4x4 -24L Package
RoHS Compliant and 100% Lead (Pb)-Free
Ordering Information
rebmuNredrOepyTegakcaPkrameR
GAQA2126PuL42-4x4NFQV
Note: uPI products are compatible with the current IPC/
JEDEC J-STD-020 requirements. They are halogen-free,
RoHS compliant and 100% matte tin (Sn) plating that are
suitable for use in SnPb or Pb-free soldering processes.
The uP6212 is a multi-phase synchronous-rectified buck
controller specifically designed to deliver high quality output
voltage for high-performance micro processors and graphic
processors.
The uP6212 provides programmable 2/3-phase operation.
It also supports dynamic phase selection by PS1/2 pins
that automatically switches to single phase operation at
light load condition. The uP6212 supports both stand-alone
and tracking mode operation. The output voltage is tightly
regulated to local or external reference voltages.
The uP6212 extract phase current signals by R
DS(ON)
of low
side switches for phase current balance. It senses the output
current by DCR of output inductors for load line slope setting
and over current protection. This yields both thermal balance
and accurate load line adjustment.
The uP6212 includes programmable no-load offset and
slope functions to adjust the output voltage as a function
of the load current, optimally positioning it for a system
transient.
Other features include accurate and reliable short-circuit
protection, adjustable over current protection, and a delayed
power OK output. This part is available in VQFN4x4-24L
package.
Supply Input and Power on Reset
uP6212
Functional Description
SS
0.4V
0.8V V
4.0V
REF
uP6212
(kHz)
V
EAP
FBRTN
REFIN
Band
Gap
V
REFIN
Figure 1. Reference Voltage Selection.
Oscillation Frequency Programming
A resistor RRT connected to RT pin programs the oscillation
frequency as:
=
10000
RT
)k(R
Ω
f
OSC
Figure 2 shows the relationship between oscillation
frequency and RRT.
1000
The uP6212 receives supply input from VCC5 pin to power
the internal control circuit. RC filter is required for locally
bypassing the supply input pin. The VCC5 voltage is
continuously monitored for power on reset. The POR level
is typical 4.2V at VCC5 rising.
Operation Phase Selection
The uP6212 supports 2/3 phase operation. PS2 status is
checked at POR for operation phase selection. 2 phase
operation is selected if PS2 < 0.1V at VCC5 POR. When
operating at 2 phase, phase 3 is turned off and clock signals
of phase1/2 are kept output of phase. When operating at 3
phase, clock signals are kept 120OC difference to each
other. Leave PWM3 and ISEN3 floating when operating in
2 phase.
Reference Voltage Selection
The uP6212 supports both stand alone and tracking mode
operation. REFIN voltage is checked at VCC5 POR for
reference voltage selection as shown in Figure 1. The FB
voltage is regulated to internal 0.8V reference voltage if V
REFIN
is higher than 4V at VCC POR. Otherwise, the FB voltage
is regulated to track V
. See the Voltage Control Loop
REFIN
section for details.
Switching Frequency (kHz)
100
10100
RRT (kohm)
Figure 2. Switching Frequency vs. RRT.
Output Current Sensing
Figure 3 illustrates the output current sensing block of the
uP6212. The voltage VCS across the current sensing
capacitor CCS can be expressed as:
= I
VCS
x DCR/P
OUT
if the following condition is true.
P x L / DCR = R
CSP
x C
CS
Rev. F00, File Name: uP6212-DS-F0000
5uPI Semiconductor Corp., http://www.upi-semi.com
Page 6
uP6212
Functional Description
where P is the phase number of operation (P = 2 for two
phase operation, P = 3 for three phase operation), L is the
output inductor of the buck converter, DCR is the parasitic
resistance of the inductor, R
and CCS are the external RC
CSP
network for current sensing.
The GM amplifier will source a current I
to the CSN pin to
AVG
let its inputs virtually short circuit.
I
x R
CSN
= V
CS
can be expressed
AVG
AVG
Therefore the output current signal I
as:
DCRI
×
I
AVG
The output current signal I
OUT
=
RP
×
CSN
is used as droop tuning and
AVG
output over current protection. Please see the related
section for details.
PH1
PH2
R
CSP
PH3
where V
is the output voltage, I
OUT
is a current source
OFS
for initial offset adjustment, RFB is an external resistor.
The Error Amplifier modulates the COMP voltage V
COMP
and
the duty cycle of buck converter to force FB voltage V
follows V
V
= V
OUT
OUT
. Therefore, the output voltage will be:
EAP
- K x R
EXT
VV×+
−=
EXT
DROOP
x I
R
AVG
××
CSN
+ RFB x I
RDCRI
DROOPOUT
OFS
IR
OFSFB
Please see the related section for details.
4.0V
SS
V
REFIN
Band
K x I
Gap
0.4V
AVG
0.8V V
V
EAP
REF
V
EXT
R
DROOP
C
SS
REFIN
FBRTN
COMP
FB
R
L
L
V
OUT
CSP
uP6212
R
CSP
L
DCRDCRDCR
CSP
C
CS
CSN
R
CSN
GM
Amplifer
I
AVG
Figure 3. Output Current Sensing of uP6212.
Voltage Control Loop (External Reference Voltage)
Figure 4 illustrates the voltage control loop for external
reference voltage of the uP6212. VFB and V
are negative
EAP
and positive inputs of the Error Amplifier respectively. The
EAP pin voltage is expressed as:
V
= V
EAP
where V
- K x R
EXT
is a slew rate limited voltage source, I
EXT
DROOP
x I
AVG
AVG
is a
current source proportional to output current, K a current
mirror gain (K = 3 for three phase operation, K = 2 for two
phase operation) and R
is an external resistor for
DROOP
adjusting load line slope.
The FB pin voltage VFB is expressed as:
VFB = V
- RFB x I
OUT
OFS
FB
I
R
V
OUT
FB
OFS
uP6212
Error
Amplifier
Figure 4. Voltage Control Loop for External Reference.
Please note the external reference voltage V
changing
EXT
slew rate should be limited to a safe level. A large step
change of V
should be avoided as it may result in
EXT
large inrush current to charge and discharge the output
capacitors and result in false triggering of OCP, UVP
and OVP protection functions.
Voltage Control Loop (Internal Reference Voltage)
Figure 5 illustrates the voltage control loop for internal
reference voltage of the uP6212. VFB and V
are negative
EAP
and positive inputs of the Error Amplifier respectively. The
Error Amplifier modulates the COMP voltage V
COMP
and the
duty cycle of buck converter to force FB voltage VFB follows
V
.
EAP
V
= 0.8V
EAP
Note that there is no droop function when internal reference
voltage is selected.
Rev. F00, File Name: uP6212-DS-F0000
6uPI Semiconductor Corp., http://www.upi-semi.com
Page 7
uP6212
Functional Description
RRIVR
××−×
V
=
FB
where V
is the output voltage, I
OUT
RR
+
for initial offset adjustment, R
2FB1FB
FB1
and R
2RFB1FBOFSOUT2FB
is a current source
OFS
are external resistor
FB2
divider for voltage setting.
Therefore, the output voltage will be:
V
=
OUT
R
2FB
Please see the related section for details.
4.0V
SS
V
REFIN
Band
Gap
0.4V
0.8V V
V
EAP
VCC5
FBRTN
C
SS
REFIN
COMP
during soft start and V
to 0.4V higher than V
V
during soft start and V
EAP
changes. Since Vss is clamped
REFIN
, this limit the slew rate of VSS and
EAP
changes. This consequently
REFIN
limits the output voltage ramp up/down slew rate.
The uP6212 is POR and enabled at T0. There is a 800us
time delay (T0 ~ T1) before the current source ISS begins
charging the CSS. The non-inverting input V
voltage V
RRI)RR(V8.0
××++×
2FB1FBOFS2FB1FB
VOUT ramps up to target value during time delay TD2. The
is kept zero during (T0 ~ T2). The V
OUT
and output
EAP
EAP
and
uP6212 inserts a time delay TD3 before assertion of power
OK. The uP6212 asserts soft start end and set POK to
high impedance status at T4.
Time periods are calculated as:
(T2 - T1) = 0.4V x CSS / 10uA
TD1 = T2 - T0 = 800us + 0.4V x CSS / 10uA
REF
TD2 = V
TD3 = (4.1V - V
where V
0.8V for internal reference voltage, V
x CSS / 10uA = V
BOOT
) / 10uA
EAP
is the initial boot up reference voltage. V
BOOT
x CSS / 10uA
EAP
BOOT
= V
for external
EXT
BOOT
=
reference voltage.
FB
I
R
FB2
R
FB1
V
OUT
OFS
uP6212
Error
Amplifier
Figure 5. Voltage Control Loop for Internal Reference.
Initial Offset Adjustment
Connect a resistor R
set the initial offset voltage. The OFS voltage V
from OFS pin to VCC5 or GND to
OFS
OFS
is V
CC5
1.6V or 0.4V when connected to VCC5 or GND respectively.
There the current source I
I
= 0.4V / R
OFS
I
= 1.6V / R
OFS
sourcing, R
OFS
sinking, R
OFS
The offset current source I
can be calculated as:
OFS
to GND, positive offset
OFS
to VCC5, negative offset.
OFS
is mirrored and injected to FB
OFS
pin for initial offset adjustment. Please see the VoltageControl Loop section for details.
Soft Start and Power OK
Figure 6 illustrates the soft start cycle of uP6212. A capacitor
CSS connected to SS pin is used to adjust the soft start
cycle.
A 10uA current source ISS is used to charge/discharge C
VCC5
EN
V
OUT
-
POK
T0T1 T2T3
TD2TD1
V
4.0V
SS
TD3
T4
Figure 6. Soft Start Cycle of the uP6212.
Channel Current Sensing
The uP6212 extracts phase currents for current balance
and over current protection by parasitic on-resistance of the
lower switches when turn on as shown in Figure 7. The
ISEN1/2/3 pins sense the corresponding phase current when
the low side MOSFETs are turns on.
I
SS
= ((I
SENX
where I
x R
PHX
is the sampled and held phase current signal,
SENX
DS(ON)
) + VDC) / R
SENX
Rev. F00, File Name: uP6212-DS-F0000
7uPI Semiconductor Corp., http://www.upi-semi.com
Page 8
I
is phase current, R
PHX
is the on-resistance of the low
DS(ON)
side MOSFETs, and VDC is an offset voltage for the current
balance circuit. The current balance circuit increases the
duty cycle of the phase whose phase current is smaller
than others and decrease the duty cycle of the phase whose
phase current is larger than others.
PH2PH1PH3
I
I
I
SEN1
SEN2
SEN3
Current
Balance
ISEN1
R
SEN1
R
SEN2
R
SEN2
ISEN2
ISEN3
uP6212
Figure 7. Phase Current Sensing and Current Balance.
uP6212
Functional Description
V
, V
, V
IMAX
PS1
. Take V
PS2
0.25V for example, the uP6212 turns off phase 3 and
operates the converter in 2-phase. Note that the uP6212 do
not reset the clock sequence during dynamic phase
reduction. Phase 1 and phase 2 still has 120O phase shift.
The automatic phase reduction reduces the switching and
conduction losses at light load condition and enables high
efficiency over a wide range of output current.
R
PS2
> R
and V
PS1
PS2
programming the phase-reduction threshold level.
Table 1. Operation Phase Selection.
V
1SP
V8.0>X3/2/1
V<
XAMI
V>
XAMI
V<
XAMI
V<
XAMI
V>
XAMI
= 0.2V, V
PS1
= 0.3V and V
PS2
IMAX
=
> 0.2V are recommended when
V
2SP
esahPnoitarepO
V1.0<2/1
V1.0<1
V<
XAMI
V>
XAMI
V>
XAMI
3/2/1
2/1
1
Select R
is to keep I
to set the current balance gain. A rule of thumb
SEN
= 5uA at rated output current.
SENX
Output Over Current Protection
I
is mirrored and injected to the IMAX pin and create a
AVG
voltage V
V
= K x R
IMAX
at IMAX pin.
IMAX
x I
IMAX
AVG
= R
IMAX
x I
OUT
x DCR / R
CSN
The over current protection is activated and shuts down the
uP6212 if the IMAX voltage is higher than 1.2V.
Output Over Voltage Protection
The OVP is activated and turns on the low side MOSFETs
if ( VFB - V
) > 160mV
EAP
The over voltage protection is latch-off and can only be reset
by POR or toggling the EN pin.
Under Voltage Protection
The under voltage protection is activated if FB voltage V
is 300mV lower than the V
. UVP turns off and latches
EAP
the uP6212.
Power Saving Mode and Automatic Phase Reduction
The uP6212 sources a 10uA current source out of PS1 and
PS2 pins. Connecting resistors R
PS2 pins creates voltage levels V
PS1
PS1
and R
and V
at PS1 and
PS2
for power
PS2
saving mode operation.
Transient Boost Mechanism
The uP6212 features a novel transient boost mechanism
that turns on all high side MOSFETs during a large step
load transient as shown in Figure 8. The VOUT and TB are
inverting and non-inverting inputs of the transient boost
comparator respectively. At steady state, an internal 10uA
current source creates a voltage drop between V
VTB:
V
- VTB = 10uA x R
OUT
TB
RTB and CTB form a low pass filter for the VTB. During large
step load transient, V
relatively constant. Once V
abruptly drops while the VTB keeps
OUT
is smaller than VTB, the
OUT
transient boost mechanism is activated and turns on all high
side MOSFETs to provide current to output capacitors as
fast as possible.
FB
Select RTB to decide a suitable threshold level for
transientboost. For example, a 4.7kΩ RTB will triggered the
transient boost mechanism if output voltage is abruptly drops
by around 50mV. Also keep the RTB x CTB time constant
around 2us.
OUT
and
V
= 10uA x R
PS1
V
= 10uA x R
PS1
PS1
PS1
Table 1 shows the operation phase of uP6212 according to
Rev. F00, File Name: uP6212-DS-F0000
8uPI Semiconductor Corp., http://www.upi-semi.com
Page 9
uP6212
Functional Description
V
OUT
R
VOUT
TB
TB
C
TB
10uA
Figure 8. Transient Boost Mechanism
Transient
Boost
uP6212
Rev. F00, File Name: uP6212-DS-F0000
9uPI Semiconductor Corp., http://www.upi-semi.com
Page 10
uP6212
A
g
n
bsolute Maximum Ratin
Supply Input Voltage, VCC5 (Note 1) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -0.3V to +6.0V
Other Pins ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -0.3V to +VCC5 +0.3V
Storage Temperature Range ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -65OC to +150OC
Junction Temperature ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 150OC
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 260OC
ESD Rating (Note 2)
HBM (Human Body Mode) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2kV
MM (Machine Mode) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 200V
Operating Junction Temperature Range (Note 4) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -40°C to +125°C
Operating Ambient Temperature Range -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -40°C to +85°C
Supply Input Voltage, V
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4.5V to 5.5V
Note 1. Stresses listed as the above “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device.
These are for stress ratings. Functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those
indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum
rating conditions for extended periods may remain possibility to affect device reliability.
Note 2. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precaution recommended.
Note 3. θJA is measured in the natural convection at TA = 25°C on a low effective thermal conductivity test board of
JEDEC 51-3 thermal measurement standard.
Note 4. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating conditions.
1.Package Outline Unit Description:
BSC: Basic. Represents theoretical exact dimension or dimension target
MIN: Minimum dimension specified.
MAX: Maximum dimension specified.
REF: Reference. Represents dimension for reference use only. This value is not a device specification.
TYP. Typical. Provided as a general value. This value is not a device specification.
2.Dimensions in Millimeters.
3.Drawing not to scale.
4.These dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shell not exceed 0.15mm.