User Manual
Nord Lead 4
Nord Lead 4R
OS Version 1.3x
Part No. 50407 Copyright Clavia DMI AB
Edition: H
CAUTION - ATTENTION
RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK
DO NOT OPEN
RISQUE DE SHOCK ELECTRIQUE
NE PAS OUVRIR
CAUTION: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK
DO NOT REMOVE COVER (OR BACK).
NO USER SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE.
REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED PERSONNEL.
ATTENTION:POUR EVITER LES RISQUES DE CHOC ELECTRIQUE, NE
PAS ENLEVER LE COUVERCLE.
AUCUN ENTRETIEN DE PIECES INTERIEURES PAR L´USAGER.
CONFIER L´ENTRETIEN AU PERSONNEL QUALIFE.
AVIS: POUR EVITER LES RISQUES D´INCIDENTE OU D´ELECTROCUTION,
N´EXPOSEZ PAS CET ARTICLE A LA PLUIE OU L´HUMIDITET.
Instructions pertaining to a risk of re, electric shock or injury to persons.
IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS
Warning - When using electric products, basic precautions should always be followed, including the following:
1) Read these instructions.
2) Keep these instructions.
3) Heed all warnings.
4) Follow all instructions.
5) Do not use this apparatus near water.
6) Clean only with dry cloth.
7) Do not block any ventilation openings. Install in accordance
with the manufacturer’s instructions.
8) Do not install near any heat sources such as radiators, heat
registers, stoves, or other apparatus (including ampliers) that
produce heat.
9) Do not defeat the safety purpose of the polarized or
grounding-type plug. A polarized plug has two blades with one
wider than the other. A grounding type plug has two blades
and a third grounding prong. The wide blade or the third prong
are provided for your safety. If the provided plug does not t
into your outlet, consult an electrician for replacement of the
obsolete outlet.
Additional Safety Information
No naked ame sources, such as lighted candles, should be placed on
the apparatus;
Do not use the apparatus in tropical climates.
WARNING: To reduce the risk of re or electric shock, do not expose
this apparatus to rain or moisture.
The apparatus shall not be exposed to dripping or splashing and that
no objects lled with liquids, such as vases, shall be placed on the
apparatus.
The maims plug is used as the disconnect device and shall remain
readily operable.
The lightning ash with the arrowhead symbol within
an equilateral triangle is intended to alert the user to the
presence of uninsulated voltage within the products enclosure that may be of sufcient magnitude to constitute
a risk of electric shock to persons.
Le symbole éclair avec le point de èche à l´intérieur d´un triangle
équilatéral est utilisé pour alerter l´utilisateur de la presence à
l´intérieur du coffret de ”voltage dangereux” non isolé d´ampleur
sufsante pour constituer un risque d`éléctrocution.
The exclamation mark within an equilateral triangle is
intended to alert the user to the presence of important
operating and maintenance (servicing) instructions in the
literature accompanying the product.
Le point d´exclamation à l´intérieur d´un triangle équilatéral est
employé pour alerter l´utilisateur de la présence d´instructions
importantes pour le fonctionnement et l´entretien (service) dans le
livret d´instructions accompagnant l´appareil.
10) Protect the power cord from being walked on or pinched
particularly at plugs, convenience receptacles, and the point
where they exit from the apparatus.
11) Only use attachments/accessories specied by the manufacturer.
12) Use only with the cart, stand,
tripod, bracket, or table specied by the
manufacturer, or sold with the apparatus.
When a cart is used, use caution when
moving the cart/apparatus combination to
avoid injury from tip-over.
13) Unplug this apparatus during lightning
storms or when unused for long periods of time.
14) Refer all servicing to qualied service personnel. Servicing
is required when the apparatus has been damaged in any way,
such as power-supply cord or plug is damaged, liquid has been
spilled or objects have fallen into the apparatus, the apparatus
has been exposed to rain or moisture, does not operate normally, or has been dropped.
Il convient de ne pas placer sur l´appareil de sources de ammes nues,
telles que des bougies allumées;
L´appareil n’est pas destiné á étre utilisé sous un climat tropical.
L´appareil ne doit pas étre exposé á des égouttements d´eau ou des
éclaboussures et de plus qu´aucun objet rempli de liquide tel que des
vases ne doit étre placé sur l´appareil.
Lorsque la prise du résau d’alimentation est utilisée comme dispositif
de déconnexion, ce dispositif doit demeuré aisément accessible.
Trademarks: The Nord logo is a trademark of Clavia DMI AB. All other trademarks
mentioned in this publication are the properties of their respective holders.
Specications and appearances are subject to change without notice.
Copyright © Clavia DMI AB
| 3
Nord Lead 4 User Manual
Modulation Wheel ............................24
1 Introduction
Thank you! .....................................5
Features ........................................5
Synthesizer .......................................5
Continuous Morph .................................5
Impulse Morphs ...................................5
Slots ............................................5
Effects ...........................................5
Programs.........................................5
Performances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Nord Sound Manager ...............................5
2 models - k eyboard a nd tableto p .....................5
2 Panel Overview
The Panel ......................................6
Continuous Morph .................................6
Progra ms, Perfo rmance s and Slots ....................6
Performance controls ...............................6
Synth ............................................6
Voice Mod e ......................................6
LFOs and Modulation Envelope .......................7
Oscillators .......................................7
Filter ............................................7
Effects ..........................................7
Knobs & dials ..................................7
Knobs ...........................................7
Progra m Dial .....................................7
Oscillator 1 Wavetable dial ...........................7
Master Le vel ......................................7
Buttons .........................................8
On/Of f buttons ....................................8
Shift button ......................................8
Selector buttons ...................................8
Master C lock (Mst C lk) ..............................8
Copy ............................................8
Morph Lock.......................................8
Paste ............................................8
3 Getting Started
The Sounds.....................................9
Selecting Programs.................................9
Editing Programs...................................9
Storing a P rogram ..................................9
Slots ..........................................10
Selecting Performances ............................10
Editing a Performance..............................10
Layeri ng two Prog rams .............................10
Creatin g a Split ...................................10
Setting the Split...................................10
Storing a P erform ance ............................11
Shift Editing......................................11
Extr acting a Pro gram from a Pe rform ance ..............11
MIDI ...........................................11
4 Slots and Memory
General Overview .............................12
Slot Handling.....................................12
Split............................................12
Solo............................................12
Multi Focus ......................................12
Program Handling.................................13
Programs........................................13
Performances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Performance Mode ................................13
Loading .........................................13
Storing..........................................13
Copyin g Slots to a Per formanc e ......................13
Copyin g a Perfor mance to Pro gram ...................13
5 Master Clock & Patterns
Master Clock ..................................14
External Sync ....................................14
Arpeggio with Mst Clk ........................14
Synced Delay repeats..............................15
Sync the L FO ....................................15
Patterns .......................................15
Selec ting a Patte rn ................................15
Examples .......................................15
Across th e Slots ..................................15
Sound Me nu Kbd Sy nc.............................15
6 Morph
Morphing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Continuous Morphs............................16
Velocity .........................................16
Wheel ..........................................16
Assign a Morph source to a parameter.................17
Continuous Morph parameters.......................17
Impulse Morphs ..............................17
Impulse Morph ...................................17
Impulse Morph Protection ..........................17
Impulse Morph Merge..............................17
Editing Morphs ...............................18
Morph Lock Mode ............................18
7 Mutator
Mutator ........................................19
Process and Strength..............................19
Proces s A .......................................19
Proces s B .......................................19
Random ........................................19
Execu ting the Mut ation ............................19
Undo a Mutation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Mutator Examples.................................20
8 Panel Reference
Master Level ..................................21
MIDI LED........................................21
Continuous Morphs (Morph) .................21
Clear Continuous Morphs...........................21
Program Dial .................................21
LED Disp lay .....................................22
Performance Mode ...........................22
Execute .........................................22
Store ..........................................22
Slot A - D buttons ............................22
System - MI DI - Sound - M utator .....................22
Hold ...........................................22
Hold Enable......................................22
Chord Memor y ................................22
Set Chord .......................................22
Octave Shift ..................................23
Global Octave Shift................................23
Split ...........................................23
Master Clock (Mst Clk) .......................23
Tap /S et .........................................23
Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Copy ..........................................23
Morph Lock .....................................23
Paste ..........................................23
Impulse Morph 1 - 7 .........................23
Pitch Stick ....................................24
Shift ..........................................24
Voice Mode ...................................24
Unison..........................................24
Vibrato ( Dly Vib, Wh l)...............................24
Mono ..........................................24
Legato ..........................................24
Glide ...........................................24
Bend Ra nge .....................................24
Low Frequency Oscillators (LFO) ............25
LFO 1 ..........................................25
LFO 2 ..........................................25
Rate............................................25
Waveform Selector ................................25
LFO Destination Selector ...........................25
Amount .........................................25
LFO Modulation Polarities ..........................25
Master C lock (Mst C lk) .............................26
Arpeg gio (Arp) ...................................26
Keyboar d Sync (KB S) ..............................26
Impuls e Morph Sy nc (Imp Syn c) .....................26
Arpeggiator ...................................26
Rate............................................26
Arpeggio Directions ...............................26
Arpeggio Run ....................................26
Arpeggio Range ..................................26
Modulation Envelope .........................26
Attack ..........................................27
Decay/Release (Dec/Rel) ...........................27
Destination selector ...............................27
AR mode ........................................27
Impuls e Morph Sy nc (Imp Syn c) ......................27
Amount .........................................27
Oscillators ....................................27
Oscillator 1 ......................................27
Sound In it .......................................28
Oscillator 2 ......................................28
Fine tun e - Noise Res ..............................28
Semi Tones - No ise Freq ...........................28
Oscillator Modulation (Osc Mod) .............28
Frequency Modulation (FM)..........................28
Oscill ator Sync (S ync) ..............................28
Osc Mod A mount .................................29
Typ e............................................29
Panic ...........................................29
Oscillator mix .................................30
Osc Mix .........................................30
Amp & Filter Envelopes ......................30
Attack ..........................................30
Decay ..........................................30
Sustain .........................................31
Release ........................................31
Filter ..........................................31
Filter Fre quency ( Freq)..............................31
Filter Resonance ..................................32
Drive ...........................................32
Envelop e Amount (E nv Amt) .........................32
Keyboard Tracking (KB Track) .......................32
Filter Type .......................................32
Low Pass 12, 24 & 48 ..............................32
Band Pas s.......................................32
High Pass .......................................33
Ladde r M........................................33
Ladde r TB .......................................33
Velocity .........................................33
Amp Ve l.........................................33
Output ........................................33
Level ...........................................33
FX .............................................33
Crush...........................................33
Compressor .....................................33
Drive ...........................................33
Tal k1, Tal k2 ......................................33
Comb ..........................................33
Note Trig ......................................34
Delay, Reverb .................................34
Delay ...........................................34
Tem po ..........................................34
Feedback .......................................34
Dry/ Wet.........................................34
On/Of f..........................................34
Reverb..........................................34
Dry/ Wet.........................................34
Reverb Select ....................................34
4 | Nord Lead 4 User MaNUaL v1.3x
9 Nord Sound Manager
System requirements ..............................35
10 Synthesis Basics
Introduction ...................................36
The “building blocks” ..............................36
Oscillators and waveforms ....................36
Filter ...........................................39
Amplifier.......................................41
Envelopes .....................................41
LFOs ...........................................42
11 The Menus
System Menu ..................................43
1 - Memor y Protect – O n, Off ........................43
2 - Transpose ....................................43
3 - Fine Tune .....................................43
4 - Sustain Pedal Polarity ...........................43
5 - Ctrl Ped al Type.................................43
6 - Ctrl Ped al Mode ................................43
7 - Ctrl Ped al Gain .................................43
8 - Impuls e Morph Prote ct ..........................43
A B C D - Slot Out put Routi ng .......................43
MIDI Menu.....................................44
G - Global Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
A, B, C, D - Slot Ch annel............................44
t - Soft Th ru Chann el...............................44
1 - MIDI Inte rface..................................44
2 - Local Co ntrol ..................................44
3 - Control C hange (CC) M ode .......................44
4 - Progra m Change Mo de ..........................44
5 - Pitch Ben d Mode ...............................44
6 - Send CC .....................................44
7 - Dump On e ....................................44
8 - Dump Pro gram Bank ............................44
Sound Menu ..................................45
1 - Mst Clk K bd Sync ..............................45
2 - Delay Mo de ...................................45
3 - Vibrato R ate ..................................45
4 - Vibrato A mount ................................45
5 - Impuls e Morph Me rge ...........................45
Mutator ........................................45
12 MIDI
Nord Lead 4 MIDI operation...................46
MIDI Settings.....................................46
Global MIDI Channel...............................46
Slot MIDI Channels ................................46
Sequencing: Global MIDI Channel ............46
Recording parameter changes .......................46
Sequencing: Slot MIDI Channels ..............46
Control Slots with another keyboard .........47
Message t ypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Progra m Changes a nd Bank Se lect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Control Change messages ..........................47
Pedal Control Change..............................47
Volume .........................................47
Pan CC .........................................47
MIDI Local.......................................47
MIDI Thru........................................47
MIDI Clock.......................................47
USB MIDI........................................47
Panic ..........................................47
MIDI Dumps ...................................47
Transmit settings..................................47
Receive Programs or Banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
MIDI Controller list ............................48
MIDI Implementation Chart..........................49
13 Appendix
Specifications .................................50
Audio Connections.............................51
Headphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
1, 2, 3 & 4 Outputs ................................51
MIDI Connections..............................51
MIDI OUT........................................51
MIDI IN .........................................51
USB Connection ...............................51
USB MIDI........................................51
Pedal Connections.............................51
Sustain pedal ....................................51
Control pedal.....................................51
Display Messages .............................52
14 Index
1 IntroductIon | 5
Introduction
1
• The filter section has envelope and velocity controls and the filter fre-
Thank you!
First we would like to thank you for purchasing the Nord Lead 4. The
Nord Lead 4 is built on Clavia’s legacy of making virtual analog synthesizers for almost 20 years and we hope you will have as much fun
owning the instrument as we had developing it.
To us, details are everything - and an intuitive user interface is just as
important as the actual sound. We are musicians ourselves, and know
by experience how frustrating it can be to have to wade through menus
and page-plus buttons to change a setting.
That is why we have a physical button or knob for every sound related
parameter on the Nord Lead 4 front panel. We also know the importance of building our instruments as light as possible - sometimes it is a
long walk to that gig.
Features
The Nord Lead 4 is a virtual analog synthesizer with an extensive set of
functions which allow you to shape the sound in a variety of ways. The
Lead 4 is multitimbral; its four independent slots make it possible to
layer up to four sounds on top of each other.
Synthesizer
In an classic analog style synthesizer environment, each of the
Nord Lead 4’s four slots consist of 2 oscillators, 2 LFOs, 1 modulation
envelope, 1 amplifier envelope and a multi-type filter section with an
envelope as well. There is an extensive effects section comprised of
six different FX units, and a selectable delay/reverb at the end of the
signal path.
quency can be set to track the keyboard. The filter has no fewer than
seven different characteristics: Low Pass 12 dB slope, Low Pass 24
dB slope. Low Pass 48 dB slope, Band Pass, High Pass and two
emulations of classic vintage analog filters, the Ladder M and the
Ladder TB filters. The filter has a drive control which allows the addition of some distortion to the signal in the actual filter.
• The arpeggiator, the LFOs and the delay can be synchronized to
the Master Clock with individual divisions to create great rhythmic
soundscapes.
Continuous Morph
The Morph function lets you control defined ranges of several parameters in a program using the modulation wheel and velocity. This allows
you to produce radical changes in a sound.
Impulse Morphs
The Impulse Morph buttons take real-time, instant sound manipulation
and creativity to the next level.
Slots
The Slots make it easy to stack up to four sounds in layers or to create
split keyboard performances.
Effects
Each program can be processed with the radical FX section and the
delay or the reverb.
Programs
There are 396 program locations in the Nord Lead 4. All of these can
be used to store your own programs.
• Oscillator 1 can produce analog style waveforms and wavetables.
The traditional analog waveforms (Pulse, Triangle, Saw and Sine) can
operate in oscillator sync-mode. The Osc 1 Mod section allows the
routing of Oscillator 2’s pitch to modulate Oscillator 1’s pitch - Linear
Frequency Modulation.
• Oscillator 2 can produce analog style waveforms and noise. The
color and resonance of the noise can be adjusted. The pitch of the
second oscillator can be shifted +/- 60 semitones.
• The LFOs have a wide array of modulation destinations and several
waveforms. The cycle of an LFO can be restarted by keyboard triggers and/or by pressing an Impulse Morph button.
• The Modulation Envelope has a wide array of modulation destinations and can function either as an attack/decay or as an attack/
release envelope. It can be triggered by either the keyboard, or an
Impulse Morph button.
Performances
Combinations of four separate programs with interlocking master clock
synchronization, with layer, split an/or MIDI control configurations can
be stored in the 100 Performance memories.
Nord Sound Manager
The Nord Sound Manager is a free application to use with the Nord
Lead 4, as a librarian utility for the programs and performances.
The Nord Sound Manager is compatible with computers running Windows XP, Windows 7 and 8 or Windows Vista, and Macintosh’s with
Mac OSX 10.4 or later.
2 models - keyboard and tabletop
The Nord Lead 4 comes as a 49-key velocity sensitive keyboard with
a modulation wheel and wooden pitch stick, or as a tabletop unit - the
Nord Lead 4R. It has 4 line level outputs, 1 headphone output, MIDI IN
& OUT, a USB port with MIDI capabilities and inputs for a sustain pedal
and a control pedal.
6 | Nord Lead 4 User MaNUaL v1.3x
Panel Overview
2
The Panel
The panel on the Nord Lead 4 has two main areas, identified by their
black and grey background colors. We will familiarize ourselves briefly
with the panel here and describe the functions in detail in the following
chapters.
Continuous Morph
The two Continuous Morph buttons are used
to set, edit and clear the Velocity and the
Modulation Wheel Morph.
Programs, Performances and Slots
The Program Dial is used to change
programs and performances, the
corresponding number will be
shown in the Display. Programs
are shown as two or three digit
numbers, performances begin with
letters “A” or “b”, indication the two
banks, followed by numbers 1 to 50. Pressing the Performance button
(Perf Mode) will switch between Program and Performance Mode.
There are four Slots in the Nord Lead 4. A Performance can use up to
four individual sounds at the same time. Selecting and activating Slots
are made with the four Slot buttons, A-D. The Slot buttons are also
used to enter the Menus.
Performance controls
The functions in this performance area are used to enable the Hold
and Chord Memory features, to split the keyboard, shift octaves and to
control the tempo of the Master Clock.
Add expression by bending notes with the Pitch Stick, add vibrato or
continuous parameter changes with the Modulation Wheel. The Pitch
Bend range can be set for every program.
M Physical Pitch Bend and Mod Wheel controls are not available on
the Nord Lead 4R but it will have an identical performance as the
keyboard model when it responds to incoming MIDI Pitch Bend
and Mod Wheel messages.
The Impulse Morph buttons can activate instant parameter changes
in real-time, making it possible to add anything from subtle to very
dramatic changes to your performance.
We’ll describe the Impulse Morph functions in greater detail starting at
page 16.
Synth
The synth area is where all the action happens. Every vital sound
generating function in the Nord Lead 4 has a dedicated knob or button.
They are all there for you to go ahead, get crazy and design the sound
as you wish. Traditional synthesizer functions are expanded with a
powerful set of modulation capabilities, rhythmic features like arpeggio with synchronized effects and a delay/reverb. All the settings of the
parameters on the panel can be stored in a Program.
Voice Mode
Create fatter sounds by stacking voices “on
top of each other” with Unison, make the notes
Glide between each other if the Lead 4 is set
to Mono or Legato and control the delayed
or modulation wheel operated vibrato. These
features are enabled with the Voice Mode
controls.
2 PaNeL overview | 7
LFOs and Modulation Envelope
The two very flexible LFOs have a wide
selection of waveforms
from sines and squares
to ramping saws,
perfect for creating
wobbling basses or
pulsing pads.
Each LFO can easily
be synchronized to the
Master Clock and
assigned a desired
time division. The LFO
can be re-triggered
manually with an Impulse Morph button or a key. The LFO destinations
include a unique option to modulate the FX section.
The Nord Lead 4 offers a very capable Modulation Envelope section
with an expanded choice of modulation destinations. The Modulation
Envelope can also be triggered manually with an Impulse Morph button.
Oscillators
The Nord Lead 4 have 2 oscillators per voice. The classic
waveforms are present, Sawtooth,
Square, Sine, Triangle, Pulse and
PWM.
In addition, the Nord Lead 4 Oscillator 1 section features a wide
selection of wavetables including
a unique type called Formant
wavetables with resonant qualities
that are independent of pitch.
Oscillator 2 features a Noise generator with dedicated filter cut-off
frequency and resonance controls.
Filter
The filter section
features classic 12,
24 and 48 dB LowPass, High-Pass
and a Band-Pass
filters with a ADSR
filter envelope and
selectable filter
tracking.
Effects
The FX section contains a bit crusher, a
compressor, a tube-style overdrive, two
unique talk effects and a comb filter. Together with the delay or reverb, these great
sounding effects will put the finishing subtle
or quite dramatic touches to the sound.
Knobs & dials
Grab a knob or press a button, it is that easy to change a sound in the
Nord Lead 4. There are a few different types of buttons, and some of
the controls change their behavior depending on overlying modes that
may be activated. Let’s look at some of the things you will find and
work with on the panel.
Knobs
The knobs control the continuously variable parameters in the Nord Lead 4.
• A parameter value can be totally different from the
knob’s physical position when you load a Program.
As soon as you start turning the knob, the value will
‘snap’ to the knob’s physical position.
Most of the knobs have a green LED indicator below them. This LED
indicates when a parameter is connected to a Morph source. Please
look at page 16 for more information on morphing.
Some knobs and buttons, like the ones
in the LFO 1 area can change their
behavior. If the arpeggiator is activated,
these controls are instead used to
change the settings of the arpeggio.
This is indicated with the red labels.
The same behavior is used in the Delay/Reverb section and for the Noise parameters for Oscillator 2.
Program Dial
The Program Dial is used to select the
programs and performances. When an
item in the menus is selected, the Program Dial is used to change this setting.
Two great new filter types are the stunning emulations of the transistor
and diode ladder filters from the legendary Mini and the TB-303. The
emulations capture the dirty, squeaky resonance of the originals and
combined with the new unison mode you’ll have plenty of opportunities
for making fat, squelchy basses and leads.
The Filter Drive operates separately per voice, distorting the waveform
before it passes through the effects sections.
Oscillator 1 Wavetable dial
This dial in the Oscillator 1 controls has an associated LED display which shows the selected wavetable
number.
Master Level
The Master Level knob controls the overall amplitude for the audio outputs, the line level outputs
and headphone output. The Master Level knob’s
actual position indicates the output level.
8 | Nord Lead 4 User MaNUaL v1.3x
Buttons
On/Off buttons
On/Off buttons are used for activating a parameter
or a group of parameters such as effects. The LED
next to them indicates the On or Off status.
Shift button
Quite a few buttons have a secondary function,
which will be available if you hold down Shift while
pressing the button. The name of the secondary
function is printed below the button.
Selector buttons
Selector buttons are used to activate a
setting in an array of two or more.
Selector buttons have a set of round or
triangular LEDs to indicate the current
setting. Press the button several times
to cycle through the possible options.
Paste
To Paste the content of the clipboard, hold Shift, then the Copy/Morph
Lock and finally turn the knob or press the corresponding Morph or
Slot Button to paste the settings. The pasted setting will be shown in
the display when a single parameter is pasted.
Another example of a selector button can be found
in the LFO 1 section, this one has additional settings
that are activated with Shifty. Hold Shift and press
this button repeatedly to activate the master clock,
the arpeggiator or both of these functions, as indicated below the button. The LFO 2 and Modulation
Envelope, the Oscillator 2 waveform selector and the Delay Feedback/
Reverb algorithm are other examples of this functionality.
Master Clock (Mst Clk)
The Mst Clk button can be used to set a tempo in two
different ways. Tap the button in the tempo you wish to
use. The current tempo in BPM will be shown numerically in the Display, and the beats detected in your taps
will be indicated with three dots in the lower part of the display.
Hold down the Mst Clk button, and set a tempo by turning the Program Dial.
Copy
The functionality of Copy/Morph Lock button depends
on the situation when it is used. Hold it and turn a knob
to copy that knob’s value to a virtual clipboard, and
also to show the parameter value in the Display.
Hold down a Continuous Morph, Impulse Morph or Slot button and
press Copy to copy the entire Morph setting or Slot setting (the actual
program) to the clipboard.
Morph Lock
If you hold a Continuous or Impulse Morph button and press Copy/
Morph Lock, Morph Lock is activated and you can set up the Morph
without having to keep on holding the Morph button. Morph Lock is
indicated with blinking green LEDs above the Continuous or Impulse
Morph buttons.
Morph Lock can also be used to latch an Impulse Morph, to be able to
have the Morphed settings of the sound instead of the original.
3 GettinG Started | 9
Getting Started
3
The Sounds
Complete sound settings are stored in the memory of the Nord Lead 4
as programs and performances. The memory stores 396 programs
and 100 performances.
A program is one sound, comprised of all the synthesizer functions that is available on the panel. A
performance can be made of up to 4 programs/sounds
at once. Pressing the Perf Mode button switches
between Program and Performance Mode, programs
are shown in the Display as 1._1 - 1.99, all the way up to 4.99. Performances are shown with initial letters “A” or “b” followed by a number
between 1 and 50.
Program Mode Performance Mode
Every program and performance can be changed and replaced as you
wish. A complete set of the factory content is available on the Nord
Lead 4 CD and on the www.nordkeyboards.com website.
Selecting Programs
1 With Program Mode is active, turn the Program Dial to select a
program. The programs are organized in 4 banks, each with 99
programs.
turning a knob, the parameter’s value will snap to the knob’s position.
1 In Program Mode, select a program and turn for example the Filter
Freq knob.
The parameter value will be shown briefly in the Display.
When you have changed any setting in a program, a dot (.) will appear
in the Display to the right of the Program number. This is to alert you to
the fact that the program have been changed but not yet stored. A
program that is active in the Nord Lead 4 is said to be in the Edit Buffer.
If you select a new program without storing a program that has been
changed, any edits you have made will be lost and the program will
have its original settings the next time you select it.
Storing a Program
If you are happy with an edit that you have made, you should probably
store the program. Before we can do this for the first time, there is a
Memory Protect function that is set to On when the Lead 4 leaves the
factory. This needs to be turned Off in the System Menu before you
(and your cat) can store anything.
1 Hold Shift and press the Slot A/System button. Turn the Program
Dial to select the first setting - “1.ON”.
2 Hold Shift and turn the Program Dial to select “1.OF”.
2 Hold Shift and turn the Program Dial, this changes the program
bank number; the initial 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Editing Programs
Editing a Program is just as easy as grabbing a knob and changing a
setting, or pressing a button. A knob’s physical position doesn’t always
reflect the setting in the program that is active, but as soon as you start
With the protection turned off, we can now store our edited program.
3 Hold Shift and press Perf Mode/Store.
The Display starts flashing and the original program location is
shown.
4 Select a new location where you want to store the program by
turning the Program Dial.
10 | nord Lead 4 USer ManUaL v1.3x
To quickly jump to another bank, hold Shift and turn the Program
Dial.
The program that occupies the location that you select will be
active on the keyboard, making it possible to verify that you do not
accidentally overwrite something you wanted to keep.
5 Hold Shift and press the Store a second time to confirm your
choice. Your edited program has now replaced the previous one in
the location you specified.
• To cancel the store procedure, press any buttons on the panel before
you press Store the second time.
• With Memory Protect set to Off, a double tap on Shift + Store will
store a program in its original location.
The 4th bank in the Nord Lead 4 memory is empty when shipped from
the factory. This means that you can start saving your programs in this
Bank at once without having to worry about overwriting anything that
you might find useful.
If you at some point like to restore the entire memory content
of Nord Lead 4 to the Factory Settings, this can be done with a
backup file from the Nordkeyboards.com website and the Nord
Sound Manager. This will be described later in this manual.
Editing a Performance
It is as easy to edit a performance as it is a Program. Just grab a knob
and turn it.
Since a performance may be using up to 4 different programs at once,
you need to make sure which of these programs you are editing. The
Slot with program that is in focus on the panel, is the one that has the
Slot LED blinking.
To replace one of the programs in a performance, hold the Slot button
with the program you wish to be changed and turn the Program Dial.
Holding several Slot buttons selects (or de-selects) any combination of
the four Slots. When two or more Slots are selected at the same time
you are in effect creating a performance, even though it may not be
stored as one yet.
Layering two Programs
1 Press and hold the Slot A button and then press the Slot B
button. Both the Slot A and B LEDs are lit and both programs will
be active on the keyboard.
The blinking LED
indicates the Slot in
focus.
Slots
The Nord Lead 4 has four Slots
labelled A, B, C and D. Each slot
represents a complete synthesizer
setup, a complete sound if you wish. Slots can be used for layering
sounds or quickly switch between programs. Slots can also be used
when the Nord Lead 4 is controlled via MIDI.
1 Press Slot A, its LED should be the only one lit.
2 Play on the keyboard and turn the Program Dial to select a pro-
gram.
3 Press Slot B, so that its LED light up instead of Slot A’s.
4 Turn the Program Dial and choose a different program for Slot B.
By first pressing Slot A and then Slot B buttons, you can quickly switch
from one program to another, without turning the Program Dial.
Selecting Performances
1 Press the Perf Mode button to select the Performance Mode.
Press the other Slot
button to move the
focus to the other
Slot.
Creating a Split
1 Press and hold Slot A and press Slot C. If you do this right after
the previous exercise, Slot B is removed.
2 Hold Shift and press Split. This splits the keyboard in two halves.
Slots A and B will be to the left, Slots C and D to the right.
2 Turning the Program Dial will scroll through the 100 Performances,
A. 1 to b.50. As you will notice, some of the Performances are
made with several Slots on top of each other, others are in split
configurations with different sounds to either side of the keyboard.
Setting the Split
Hold Shift and press and hold the Split button. A note number will be
indicated in the Display. While still holding the buttons, play a key on
the keyboard, this key will be the lowest key of the upper range.
3 GettinG Started | 11
Storing a Performance
To Store a combination of Slots that you have made, hold Shift and
press Store once. Press Perf Mode to activate Performance Mode, turn
the Program Dial to select a location (A, b xx) and confirm by holding
Shift and pressing Store once more.
The last 10 locations in Performance bank b (b.41 - b.50) are
empty when the Nord Lead 4 leaves the factory.
Shift Editing
Continuous parameters can be changed on all the four Slots in a Performance at the same time. This is done by holding Shift and turning a
knob.
The programs will retain the parameter relationship, up until the point
when one of them reaches the maximum (or minimum) value. Shift Edit
will work on editing Morph settings across the Slots.
Extracting a Program from a Performance
1 Make sure that the program you wish to store is in the focused
Slot.
2 Hold Shift and press Store once.
2 Press Paste (Shift + Copy), and turn another knob - the desti-
nation. The setting from the source will now be copied to the
destination.
The Copy/Paste functionality can be used to copy Morphs from
one program to another, and to copy Impulse Morphs within one
program or to another.
MIDI
The Nord Lead 4 default MIDI settings is to send and receive on Global
MIDI Channel 1, using the USB MIDI interface. What you play on the
keyboard will be transmitted as MIDI Notes on MIDI Channel 1, and
incoming MIDI on channel 1 will play the current Program or an entire
Performance on the Nord Lead 4.
The Slot that is in focus will be transmitting (and receiving) any CC data
that occurs when you turn a knob or press a button on the panel.
All MIDI related settings are made in the MIDI Menu. Read more on the
MIDI capabilities of the Nord Lead 4 on page 46.
Multitimbrality
3 Release the Shift button and Press Perf Mode to switch from
Performance- to Program Mode.
4 Turn the Program Dial to select a location for the program.
5 Hold Shift and press Store to confirm your intentions.
Copy and Paste settings
Settings from one Slot can be copied to a virtual clipboard and then
be pasted to another Slot. This can be useful if a program needs to
be moved from the lower part (A and B) to the upper part (C and D) in
a split configuration or if you want a program to be copied from one
performance to another.
1 Make sure that the Slot you wish to copy is in focus.
2 Hold Copy and press on the source Slot button.
“cP” and a letter that indicates which Slot you have copied will be
shown in the Display.
3 You can now turn the Program Dial to select a destination perfor-
mance.
4 Hold Shift + Paste, and press the Slot button where you want
your settings to be copied to. “Ps” and the destination Slot will be
shown in the Display. The settings will be copied to the edit buffer
of the performance, the dot to the right in the Display will be lit to
indicate this.
The Nord Lead 4 can be used as four independent synthesizers
controlled by MIDI, thanks to the four Slots. This is achieved by setting
individual MIDI Channels for the four Slots, in the MIDI Menu.
The content of the virtual clipboard will remain until you copy another
setting or parameter, or turn off the Nord Lead 4. This makes it possible to paste the same data to several destinations.
M If you want to keep the new settings you have created by coping,
make sure to save the program or performance.
The same procedure can be used to copy individual parameters.
1 Hold Copy and turn a knob - the source to be copied. The param-
eters value will be displayed in the Display.
12 | Nord Lead 4 User MaNUaL v1.3x
Active
yes yes no no
A B C D
MIDI Input MIDI Output
Global Channel Global Channel
Slot Channel
A
A
B
C
G
G
Slots and Memory
4
General Overview
The Nord Lead 4 is a four part multi timbral synthesizer. This means
that you have four independent synthesizers to be used simultaneously.
The synthesizers are divided into Slots, where each Slot contains one
synthesizer. The Slots are called A, B, C and D.
The panel shows and edits the features of one Slot at a time. Slot focus
determines which slot is currently beeing edited.
A Slot can either be active or not. All active Slots respond to keyboard
input as shown in Figure 1. If several Slots are active it is called a layer.
Keyboard
Active
yes yes no no
Slot Handling
The Slot buttons, labelled A to D, are used to set the Slot focus, and
the active state of the Slots.
To change focus to another Slot, simply press that Slot button. If focus
is set to an inactive Slot, that Slot will become active, and the others
deactivated.
If only one Slot is active, the focused Slot LED will be lit. When several
slots are active, the focused Slot LED will be flashing, and the other
active slots will have their LEDs lit.
A layer is created by pressing several Slot buttons at once. You can
also hold one of the Slot buttons pressed, then tap another Slot button
to activate / deactivate it.
Split
By creating a Split point, the keyboard is divided into two zones, where
the lower zone (the left part) plays on Slot A and B, and the upper on
Slot C and D. Create a Split Point by holding Shift + Split and pressing
the note on the keyboard where you want the Split Point.
Mod.
Wheel
Pitch
Stick
All active Slots respond to keyboard input. Modulation Wheel,
Pitch Stick and Control Pedal always reach all slots.
Each of the Slots can listen to different MIDI channels and respond to
different keyboard zones. Pitch Stick, Modulation Wheel and Control
Pedal reaches all Slots regardless of focus and their active state.
MIDI Input MIDI Output
Global Channel Global Channel
G
Active
Slot Channel
A
B
C
D
The global channel acts just like playing on the keyboard. The
individual slot channels give multi timbrality. MIDI output is always
sent on the global channel.
yes yes no no
A B C D
A
A B C D
G
Solo
If you double-tap on a Slot button, that Slot enters Solo mode. The
other Slots are temporarily deactivated and any audio from them is
muted. The Solo mode is indicated with a single flashing Slot LED.
Press any Slot button to exit Solo mode and return to the previous
state.
Multi Focus
By using Multi Focus, Slot focus can be set to multiple Slots simultaneously. Any changes that are made on the panel then affect all the
focused Slots. To turn Multi Focus on, simply press Shift + KB Track
and all active slots become focused. The focused Slots are indicated
with flashing Slot LEDs.
M Newer versions of the Nord Lead 4 has the text Multi Focus
printed below the KB Track button.
4 sLots aNd MeMory | 13
Mod.
Wheel
Pitch
Stick
Active
Keyboard
yes yes no no
A B C D
Active
yes yes no no
A B C D
MIDI Input MIDI Output
Global Channel Global Channel
Slot Channel
A
A
B
C
D
G
G
A B C D
Performance
A
Settings
.
.
.
...
Active
yes yes no no
A B C D
MIDI Input MIDI Output
Global Channel Global Channel
Slot Channel
A
A
B
C
D
G
G
Program Handling
The Nord Lead 4 handles two different program entities; Programs
and Performances. The memory contains 396 Programs divided into 4
banks, and 100 Performances divided into 2 banks.
Programs
A Program contains parameter settings for a single synthesizer Slot. A
program can be loaded into any of the Slots.
A B C D
Program
.
.
.
...
.
A Program contains parameter data for a single slot.
A
Settings
Performances
A Performance contains parameter data for all four Slots at once. The
parameter data for each slot is stored in the Performance – it is not a
reference to a Program. Furthermore the Performance contains
settings about Slot Focus, Slot Activation, Hold, Split On/Off, Split
Point, Keyboard Octave Shift and Multi Focus.
Performance
.
.
...
.
A Performance contains parameter data for all four slots and common settings.
A B C D
A
Settings
Performance Mode
The Perf Mode button is used to cycle between Performance Mode
and Program Mode.
When in Performance Mode the display shows the current bank as a
letter: “A” or “b”.
In Program Mode the bank is shown as a single digit “1” to “4”.
Program Mode and Performance Mode have separate Slot buffers.
This means that the changes to you make in Performance Mode, will
not affect the Slots in Program Mode, and vice versa.
A Performance is useful not only to create layers, but to load four Slots
at once. You can then quickly change between these sounds with the
press of a button instead of using the Program Dial.
Loading
To load from memory, simply turn the Program Dial. When in Performance Mode entire Performances are loaded and all Slots are affected.
In Program Mode only the focused Slot is loaded, leaving the others
untouched.
A Performance can be built from existing Programs by loading separate
Slots in Performance Mode. Load the Slot by pressing and holding a
Slot button, and turning the Program Dial. The Program is then loaded
into the selected Slot, not affecting the others. The program focus for
that Slot is stored in the Performance as an indication to where that
sound came from.
Storing
Storing works exactly as loading, but the other way around. In Performance Mode all four Slots and their common settings are stored
to Performance Memory. In Program Mode, only the focused Slot is
stored to Program Memory.
To store a sound, press Shift + Store. The location to where the sound
will be stored in Memory will flash on the display. Change the store
location by turning the Program Dial. The sound in that location is temporarily loaded so that you can hear what you are about to overwrite.
Confirm the store operation by pressing Shift + Store again.
While selecting the store location you can change between Performance and Program Mode. This is very useful to store all Slots as a
Performance, or to store one Slot in a Performance as a Program.
Details about storing for the first time can be found in the Getting
Started chapter on page 9.
Copying Slots to a Performance
If you have added several slots together with the Lead 4 in Program
mode, a Performance can be easily created with this selection. Hold
Copy and press Perf Mode to copy the slots and their settings to a
Performance. The display will show the current performance bank and
two dashes “- -“ to alert you that this performance have not yet been
stored.
Copying a Performance to Program
It is possible to copy all the individual Slots in a Performance, to
become a multi-slot selection in Program mode. While in Performance
Mode, hold Copy and press Perf Mode. The Lead 4 will switch from
Performance to Program mode, with all the Slot settings as they were
in the Performance.
14 | Nord Lead 4 User MaNUaL v1.3x
Master Clock & Patterns
5
Master Clock
The Master Clock is a feature that can synchronize several functions in
the Nord Lead 4 to a common tempo. The LFO 1, arpeggiator, LFO 2
and the delay can be synced to the Master Clock.
The Master Clock tempo has a range between 30 and 300 beats per
minute. This tempo can be set manually with the Program Dial, or by
tapping to a beat, with the Tap button.
The Master Clock is a global feature that reaches across all four Slots,
making it possible to create a synchronized performance with several
individual parts.
Master Clock is activated for each individual function that you wish to
be synchronized, by enabling “Mst Clk” in that section.
With Mst Clk active, the Rate knobs for the LFOs and the Tempo knob
for the Delay will be used to set the Time Division. The divisions can
be set to straight divisions like quarter, eight and sixteenth notes, or
triplets, dotted and swing divisions.
Division Description Available in
4b, 2b, 1 4 bar, 2 bar & 1 bar divisions. LFO 1 & 2
2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 Half note to 64ths divisions. Arp, Delay,
4d, 8d, 16d The quarter, 8th and 16ths “dot-
ted” divisions will push the repeats
“back” one half of the note value.
4bt, 2bt, 1t, 4 bar, 2 bar & 1 bar triplet divisions. LFO 1 & 2
2t, 4t. 8t, 16t, 32t Half note to 32nd triplet divisions. Arp, Delay,
4s, 8s, 16s, Quarter note to 16th swing divi-
sions.
Divisions are listed on account of their perceived tempo which is why
for example triplet quarter notes is found between the dotted eights
and the swing eights when you select the Delay divisions.
LFO 1 & 2
Delay
LFO 1 & 2
Delay
External Sync
The Master Clock will automatically lock to the tempo of an incoming
MIDI Clock. The tempo of the incoming MIDI Clock will be shown in the
Display if the Mst Clk button is pressed.
M If you try and manually change the Master Clock tempo when it is
being synchronized to a MIDI Clock, “E.Cl” will be displayed in the
display.
Arpeggio with Mst Clk
Let’s try out a few things with the arpeggio and the Master Clock.
1 Press Sound Init (Shift + Osc 1 waveform selector) to start with a
basic sound.
2 Hold Shift and press the LFO 1 Waveform selector three times.
The Mst Clk and the Arp LED should both be lit. Notice how the
three left LFO Destination LEDs light up. This indicates that the
arpeggio is stopped.
3 Hold down a key or a chord and press Run. The three right LFO
Destination LEDs light up and the arpeggio starts running.
5 Master CLoCk & PatterNs | 15
4 Press Hold Enable (Shift + Hold), and then Hold to hold the notes
you’ve played. Each Slot has a Hold Enable control, providing
greater flexibility when creating Performances.
5 Turn the LFO Rate knob, to set the division of the arpeggio. Hear
the arpeggio speed up or down as the divisions change. Find the
quarter note division (“4”) and leave it there.
6 Hold the Mst Clk button and turn the Program Dial to set a tempo.
You can also tap the Mst Clk button to set a tempo. Four taps (or
more) are needed to determine a tempo.
7 Feel free to adjust the filter and envelope settings to a short, nice
sound, I’ll wait here. Oh, you’re already done? Great, let’s move
on.
You can change the range of the arpeggio with the LFO 1 Amount/
Range knob, from one to four octaves, but let’s stick with 1 for now.
The LFO 1 Waveform selector acts as the arpeggio direction selection.
Press repeatedly to listen to the various directions.
Synced Delay repeats
Keep the arpeggio running and we’ll add more things.
1 Turn both Delay knobs (Tempo & Dry/Wet) fully counterclockwise,
press Feedback once to light up the “1” LED.
7 Hold the Mst Clk button and turn the Program Dial. The tempo
changes and the three rhythmic things we have running in this
example all change simultaneously to reflect the new tempo.
M A tempo setting will be stored in a Performance.
Patterns
If the LFOs and/or the Arpeggiator are synchronized to the Master
Clock, they can use a Pattern, instead of the traditional cyclic or repetitive behavior. To enable the Pattern, turn the Rate knob fully clock-wise
- “PAt” will be shown in the Display.
There are 128 Patterns in the Nord Lead
4, with different rhythmic characteristics.
Patterns are organized in 6 different
types. Some of the Patterns are one bar
long, others are longer. Some are in 4/4;
others have other time signatures, there
are Patterns with shuffle or swing timings
as well.
Selecting a Pattern
With Mst Clk enabled and the Rate knob turned all the way to the right,
hold Shift + Pattern and turn the Program Dial. The Pattern Type and
number will be shown in the display.
Pattern changes can be made on the fly using the Impulse Morphs.
Hold down an Impulse button (or activate Morph Lock), hold Shift +
Pattern and turn the dial to a desired pattern number.
Display Type
E. Elementary
S. Straight
G. Groove
b. Back beat
o. Odd Meter
F. Fills
2 Turn on the Delay, hold Shift and press Delay On a second time to
sync the delay to the Master Clock.
3 Turn the Delay tempo knob to select the Master Clock “8” division
and turn up the Dry/Wet mix until you hear the delay repeats.
The arpeggio will play quarter notes, and the delay repeats will be dotted eight notes (the first repeat will “move” the following repeats by half
an 1/8 note).
Sync the LFO
4 Lets add a synchronized LFO sweep. Enable the LFO 2 Master
Clock sync by holding Shift and pressing the LFO 2 Waveform
selector once.
5 Select the Triangle waveform and Filter destination.
6 Turn the LFO 2 rate to select “2b” (2 bars) and turn up the LFO
2 Amount knob a bit past the 12 o’clock position. If the LFO 2
Amount doesn’t seem to do anything, try closing the Filter Frequency a bit.
There are now quarter notes playing from the arpeggiator, with delay
repeats that are synced at 8 notes, and the LFO 2 that opens up the
filter once every 2 bars.
Examples
Let’s change the cyclic arpeggio from the example above to a pattern
based repetition.
1 Make the arpeggio play just one note and turn the LFO 1 rate
knob clockwise all the way to the “Pat” symbol. The rhythm of the
arpeggio will now be the rhythm of the pattern.
2 Hold Shift + Pattern and turn the Program Dial to select the pat-
tern.
Across the Slots
There is one Master Clock tempo for each Performance. All Slots can
be in perfect sync with each other.
Sound Menu Kbd Sync
The Sound Menu setting “Mst Clk Kbd Sync” determines if the Master
Clock should be reset when you press a key. This type of reset can
have a hard or a soft behavior, the softer would allow for note changes
slightly ahead of the beat. The Kbd Sync feature can also be turned off,
letting the Master Clock run free.
16 | Nord Lead 4 User MaNUaL v1.3x
Morph
6
1. Hold 2. Turn 3. Use the Mod Wheel to Morph
Morphing
Morphing allows you to be creative in your sound design, and is
all about being able to control virtually any important sound related
parameter, in real time from the three Morph sources: the Modulation
Wheel & Control Pedal, the Velocity of the keyboard and the Impulse
Morph buttons. The Impulse buttons provides you with up to 7 different
instant Morph settings for each program.
There are 36 available continuous parameters and 21 “switches” or
selectors that can be Morphed. This gives you plenty of real-time
control possibilities. A Morph is very simple to set up and use, and
all Morph assignments that you make are stored with the Program or
Performance.
Many, if not all of the factory programs have morph assigned parameters. If a Program uses Velocity or Wheel Morph, the green Morph Vel
or Wheel indicators on the panel will be lit to indicate this.
A Morph Source controls the range from the parameter’s original
position in the program, to a position you define when you set up the
Morph.
This means that you can control a very small range on one parameter at the same time as you control a very large range on a another
parameter. One parameter can be controlled clockwise, and another
parameter can be controlled counter clockwise.
Continuous Morphs
Let’s begin with a look at the continuous Morph Sources:
Velocity
This Morph source uses the Note Velocity from the Nord Lead 4 keyboard and from any incoming MIDI messages.
• A key velocity of 0 represents the parameters original setting.
• A key velocity of 127 represents the parameters maximum morphed
setting.
Wheel
This allows you to setup the Modulation Wheel and a control pedal as
the Morph Source.
Incoming MIDI Control Change messages CC 01 and CC 11 will
also act as a Wheel/Ped Morph source.
• The bottom position of the Modulation Wheel and/or control pedal
represents the parameters original setting.
• The top position of the Modulation Wheel or control pedal represents
the parameters morphed setting.
If the control pedal is set to control the overall volume of the Nord
Lead 4, in the System Menu, the wheel will be a solitary Morph
source.
6 Morph | 17
Assign a Morph source to a parameter
1 Hold down a Morph Source button.
If the Morph has any previously assigned parameters, green
parameter LEDs will light up on the panel.
2 Turn the knob of the parameter you wish to control with the Morph
Source, turn the knob to the setting you want as the Morphed
setting.
The selected parameter’s green LED will indicate that a Morph is
active. Previously engaged Morph assignments will be unaffected.
3 Release the Morph Source button.
When the Morph source is operated, the parameter’s setting will
change accordingly and influence the sound.
Continuous Morph parameters
A continuous Morph can control most of the continuous parameters.
Each one of these have a green LED next to its knob.
Continuous Parameters
Glide OSC 1 MOD Amount Filter Freq
LFO 1 Rate / Clk Div OSC MIX Filter Res
LFO 1 Amount / Arp Rng. Amp Env Attack Filter Drive
LFO 2 Rate / Clk Div Amp Env Decay Filter Env Amt
LFO 2 Amount Amp Env Sustain Output Level
Mod ENV Attack Amp Env Release FX Amount
Mod ENV Dec/Rel Filter Env Attack Del. Tempo/Clk Div
Mod ENV Amount Filter Env Decay Delay Amount
OSC 2 F. Tune/Noise Res Filter Env Sustain Rev. Bright
OSC 2 Semit./Noise Freq Filter Env Release Rev. Mix
Impulse Morphable parameters
Oct Shift Mono Mode Glide LFO1 Wave
LFO1 Dest. LFO1 Rate LFO1 Amount LFO1 Clk Division
LFO2 Wave LFO2 Dest. LFO2 Amount LFO2 Clk Division
Mod Env Attack Mod Env Decay Mod Env Amount Mod Env Dest.
Osc1 Waveform Osc1 Wavet. Sel Osc2 Waveform OSC 2 F.Tune/NRes
Osc2 Semi/freq Osc Mod Select Osc Mod Amount Osc Mix Amount
Amp Env Attack Amp Env Decay Amp Env Sustain Amp Env Release
Filt Env Attack Filt Env Decay Filt Env Sustain Filt Env Release
Filter Select Filter KB Track Filter Drive Filter Freq
Filter Res Filt Env Amount Output Level Voice Mode Unis.
Chord Enable Arpeggio Run Arp Range Arp Direction
Arp Tempo Arp Clk Division Pattern Select Delay Clk Div.
Delay Dry/Wet Dly Feedback Reverb Type Reverb Bright.
Delay Tempo FX Type FX Amount
Impulse Morph Protection
The Impulse Morphs have a protection feature. When this is enabled,
you have to put the Impulse Morph in Lock mode for any adjustments
to stick, otherwise any new parameter settings will be discarded as
soon as you release the Impulse button.
This allows parameter changes to be made during the heat of a performance, while not “ruining” a previously set up Impulse Morph. The
protection disables the Morph Clear command as well.
1 Hold Shift and press Slot A to enter the System menu.
2 Use the Program Dial to select setting 8.
3 Hold Shift and turn the Program Dial to set this to Off.
If the Impulse Morph Protect is On, putting the Impulse Morph in
Lock Mode will override the protection.
Impulse Morphs
Impulse Morphs are for
fast, instantaneous parameter changes. The
Impulses can be used
to change switch-type
parameters, something
that the other Morph
sources are not able to
do.
The LEDs above the Impulse Morph buttons do not display that they
are used in a program in the same way as the Velocity and Wheel
Morphs do, instead they light up when a Impulse Morph is activated.
There are three buttons that can be used in combinations for a total of
7 different Impulse setups for each Program.
Impulse Morph
The Impulse Morphs change the parameters instantly from the original
to the morphed setting. They can change switch type parameters, like
turning the arpeggiator on or off.
Setting up an Impulse Morphs is done in the same manner as described for the Continuous Morphs.
Impulse Morph Merge
The Sound Menu has a Impulse Morph Merge feature that allows you
to combine settings from Impulse Morphs 1, 2 and 3, to create “mixes”
of these to Impulse Morphs 4, 5, 6 and 7.
1 Make settings to Impulse 1, 2 and 3.
2 Hold Shift and press the Slot C/Sound button to enter the Sound
Menu.
3 Turn the Dial until you reach item 5. The LED display will show
“rG”.
4 Press Execute to merge the first three Impulse Morphs into the
remaining four.
Impulse Morphs 1 and 2 will now be merged to become number 4,
Impulse 2 and 3 will be merged to number 5, Impulse Morph 1 and 3
will be merged to number 6 and 1, 2 & 3 will be merged as number 7.
Any parameters that are used in more than one of these first three
Impulse Morphs will not be used at all in the merge.
18 | Nord Lead 4 User MaNUaL v1.3x
Editing Morphs
Edit a parameter’s Morph range:
• Hold the Morph Source button and turn the destination’s knob to a
new position.
Clear all parameters assigned to a Morph Source:
• Hold Shift + the Morph Source button that is to be cleared.
Clearing one parameter from a Morph:
• Hold the Morph Source button and turn the parameter knob to its
original position. The green parameter Morph LED will be turned off.
Copy and paste a Morph setup
• Hold Copy and press the Morph button(s) that is to be copied to
the virtual clipboard. “CPy” will be shown in the Display. Hold Shift
and Paste, then press the destination Morph button(s). “Pst” will be
shown in the Display.
Morph Lock Mode
Morphs can be locked, making it possible to lift your
finger off the Morph button while setting up the Morph.
It provides a great overview that can simplify setting up
and adjusting multiple Morph Destinations at once.
Morph Lock can also be used in a performance situation if you want to
use the Morphed settings of a program or performance for a while.
1 Press and hold one of the Morph Source buttons and press
Morph Lock.
The Morph Source button flashes continuously, and green LEDs
on the panel will show any of the parameters that are assigned to
this Morph source.
2 Operate a parameter that you want to be Morphed.
Press any of the Morph Source buttons to exit Morph Lock Mode.
7 Mutator | 19
Mutator
7
Mutator
The Nord Lead 4 Mutator is a great and easy-to-use tool to spark the
creative process with totally new or just slightly changed programs.
Make a few selections on process and strength, and execute a mutation of a sound for as many times you want. There is even an Undo
feature that can reverse the mutation step by step if a mutation winds
up with no eyebrows, thumbs on the knees and six nipples.
Process and Strength
The Mutator has three different selectable processes. The A and B processes have variable strengths and both will use the current Program
as a starting point. The strength setting (1-5) determines how “different”
the result will be compared to the original.
Process A
Process A generates the programs by means of a variation algorithm.
It is always the current, - the mother - program that will be subjected
to the variation process, no matter how many times the process is
executed. Program X will become X1, then next mutation can be described as X2, the next after that as X3 and so on.
Process B
Process B uses a mutation algorithm; the difference from Process A
comes into action when the process is executed more than once. Process B will interpolate an evolution from the mother program, but looks
at the previous result when the mutation is executed again. Program V
mutates to VX, the next mutation becomes XY, then one after that will
be YZ, and so on.
Executing the Mutation
The Nord Lead 4 Mutator uses probability and degrees of preservation,
together with the level of strength that is chosen. Some parameters are
less likely to be changed than others. As an example, if the original program uses the Arpeggiator, it is unlikely that this will be turned off. The
arpeggio rate/division and range will however be subject to changes.
The Mutator algorithms will try and keep the character of a sound, at
least as long as one of the first three levels of strength is used. The
amount of variation increases from a small change of continuous
parameters values and no change for the switch/selector parameters
at strength 1, to a big change for both types of parameters, at the 5th
strength level.
M The output level parameter is never changed. If a variation or
mutation is silent, this may be caused by a closed filter or amp
envelope settings.
If Process A1 is executed several times, the filter settings, envelopes,
and modulation rates and amounts will change since they are continuous parameters. The filter types, oscillator waveforms and modulation
destinations will not change, since these are selector type parameters.
Turn up the strength to A3 and you’ll find that modulation destinations and oscillator waveforms will be altered as well. A5 will create
the greatest changes, where for example the FX on/off status and the
Arpeggiator on/off is included in the parameters that will be changed.
Try Mutating a program that is initialized, and use only the A1 process
for about ten times. Then initialize the program again, and switch to the
B1 process.
Try Mutating a Program that has the arpeggio running in a Perfor-
mance.
Random
The Rnd option is a totally random process that does not consider any
current or previous Programs, music styles, fashions or personal taste
of the Nord developer that created this algorithm.
Undo a Mutation
When the previous sound was the one that you would have wanted to
keep, use Undo. Hold Copy and turn the Program Dial counter-clockwise. You can undo the last 10 mutations.
20 | Nord Lead 4 user MaNuaL v1.3x
Mutator Examples
Let’s have a look at the three different generation methods, Variation,
Mutation and Random.
1 We will begin by initializing a program - hold Shift and press the
Osc 1 Waveform selector button.
2 Turn the Osx Mix knob to hear both oscillators, and set the wave-
forms so that you can tell oscillators 1 and 2 apart.
3 Enter the Mutator (Shift + Slot D).
The available settings are printed on the right side of the panel.
4 Select A1 and press Perf Mode/Execute once.
Lets try the Mutation process.
1 Initialize the program and and make some adjustments to the
oscillator mix and waveforms so that you can tell them apart.
2 Enter the Mutator (Shift + Slot D).
3 Select b1 and press Execute. “b1” is the least dramatic Mutation
level, and you should be able to hear a sound that is not too far
away from our starting point.
4 Press Execute again. The Mutation will now use the previous mu-
tation result and generate new settings on the basis of that.
This is the difference between the A and the b processes. The b/
Mutation will always continue from a previous result, the A/Variation will do another variation of the original source program.
If a Mutation is going in the right direction, you can continue with
another Mutation.
5 Select RND with the Dial and press Execute.
“A” indicates that this is the Variation mode and “1” is the least
dramatic process strenght. Listen to the sound and try to hear any
likeness to the original sound that you had before you pressed
Execute.
5 Press Execute again, without changing the mode or level - A1.
The Variation process will start all over again, and it will again use
the original sound that we made in step 2, as the source, not the
Variation created in step 4.
6 Listen to the sound and see if you can find out what parameters
have changed.
7 Turn the dial to A5 and press Execute. This will most certainly
generate a program that is quite different from the initialized sound
in step 2.
There is a chance that you need to make some adjustments in
order to make this sound keyboard-playable.
8 Hold Copy and turn the dial one step at a time counter clockwise.
This will be a true randomization. Almost any parameter in the
Lead 4 will be randomized, and you may have to adjust several
settings for the result to be playable on the keyboard.
The Display will count down from -1 for each step. This is the
Undo feature with which you can undo mutations.
There are 10 undo levels, if you’ve pressed Execute more than
10 times, you need to restore the original program by selecting it
again.
8 Panel RefeRence | 21
Panel Reference
8
Modulation Wheel
Master Level
The Master Level knob controls the overall amplitude for the audio outputs - the line level outputs
and the headphone output. The knob’s physical
position indicates the output level and is not stored
in a Program.
If you need to adjust the output level in indi-
vidual programs, use the Output parameter in
the upper right area on the panel. The setting
of that control is stored in a program.
MIDI LED
The MIDI LED will indicate incoming MIDI messages by briefly lighting
up.
Short LED flashes indicates that MIDI messages are received but not
used in any way by the Nord Lead 4. Longer flashes are indications
that the MIDI messages are actually recognized. This applies to messages on MIDI channels that are in use, CC messages that will change
Nord Lead 4 parameters, etc..
Continuous Morphs (Morph)
Continuous Morphs are used to
gradually change one or several
parameters with the Morph Controls
- the keyboard velocity and the
Modulation Wheel and Control pedal
- while you are playing.
Hold a Morph button and turn a knob to set the connection between
the Morph control, the parameter destination and the range of the
Morph control.
Velocity
The Velocity Continuous Morph control use the striking force on the
Nord Lead 4 keyboard or incoming MIDI messages to control one or
several destinations.
• A key velocity of 0 represents the parameters original setting.
• A key velocity of 127 represents the parameters morphed setting.
Velocity Morph Destinations
LFO1 Rate LFO1 Amount LFO1 Clk Division
LFO2 Rate LFO2 Amount LFO2 Clk Division
Glide Mod Env Attack Mod Env Dec/Rel Mod Env Amount
Osc2 Semi/N Freq Osc2 Fine/N Res Osc Mod Amount Osc Mix Amount
Amp Env Attack Amp Env Decay Amp Env Sustain Amp Env Rel.
Filt Env Attack Filt Env Decay Filt Env Sustain Filt Env Release
Filter Drive Filter Freq Filter Res Filt Env Amount
Output Level Arp Range Arp Tempo FX Amount
Rev/Del Dry/Wet Delay Tempo Reverb Bright.
The Modulation Wheel or a control pedal is an excellent Morph control,
great for adding drastic or subtle, continuous parameter changes during a performance.
Incoming MIDI Control Change messages CC01 and CC11 will also act
as a Modulation Wheel and pedal Morph control.
• The bottom position of the Modulation Wheel or control pedal represents the original setting of the parameter.
• The top position of the Modulation Wheel or Control Pedal represents
the morphed setting of the parameter.
For a detailed description on how to set up a Morph scenario, please
look at page 16.
Modulation Wheel Morph Destinations
LFO1 Rate LFO1 Amount LFO1 Clk Division
LFO2 Rate LFO2 Amount LFO2 Clk Div.
Glide Mod Env Attack Mod Env Dec/Rel Mod Env Amt
Osc2 Semi/N Freq Osc2 Fine/N Res Osc Mod Amount Osc Mix Amount
Amp Env Attack Amp Env Decay Amp Env Sustain Amp Env Release
Filt Env Attack Filt Env Decay Filt Env Sustain Filt Env Release
Filter Drive Filter Freq Filter Res Filt Env Amount
Output Level Arp Range Arp Tempo Arp Clk Division
Delay Clk Div. Delay Dry/Wet Delay Tempo Reverb Bright.
FX Type FX Amount
M There is a limit on how many Morph Destinations a program can
use; 87 for the synth parameters and 24 for the FX/Reverb/Delay. If you reach this limit during the setup of a Morph, the green
Morph LED next to a knob will not be lit. If a copy/paste procedure
will exceed the available amount, the Display will show “FuL”.
Clear Continuous Morphs
Hold Shift and press a Morph button to clear all assignments for that
Morph control.
Program Dial
Turn the Program Dial to select programs or performances.
When any of the Menus are entered, the Program
Dial is used to select menu functions and to change
settings (Shift + turn).
The Program Dial is endless, though the array of parameter settings
are not. Once you reach the first or last possible setting, turning the
Program Dial further will have no effect.
The Program Dial has an accelerator feature; when operated
swiftly you scroll through values in larger increments.
22 | noRd lead 4 UseR ManUal v1.3x
LED Display
The LED Display will show which Program or Performance is active. Menu functions, menu settings,
confirmation of executed actions and parameter
values are also displayed when appropriate.
Performance Mode
Pressing the Perf Mode button will cycle between
Program and Performance Mode. Programs are
shown in the LED Display as a two or three digit
number between 1. 1 and 4.99. This mode is typically
used to play on one Slot, one program at a time.
Performances can use up to 4 slots with 4 simultaneous programs
in various combinations - splits, layers, keyboard controlled and MIDI
input. Performances are indicated by initial letters “A” or “b”, followed
by a number from 1 to 50.
Execute
Commands and actions - such as the Store command and actions
that are found in the Menus - that needs confirmation will be indicated
by flashing in the Display. Press Execute to confirm or to start the action or the process.
Multi Focus
Multi Focus allows you to
change settings simultaneously
on all the active Slots in a performance (or a multi-Slot scenario).
Press Shift + KB Track and all
the active Slot’s LEDs will flash.
Any parameter change you make
on the panel will affect all the
Slots. Active Multi Focus will be
stored in a performance.
M Early versions of the Nord Lead 4 will not have the text Multi
Focus printed on the panel.
System - MIDI - Sound - Mutator
Shift and the Slot A, B or C buttons enters the menus where global settings are made. Read more about the menu settings on page 43.
Shift + Slot D brings up the automatic program generator, the Mutator.
Hold
Use Hold together with Hold Enable to create notes
and chords with infinite length, they will continue to
sound when keys are released. This can be used to
create drones or hold arpeggios.
Store
Store is used when Program or Performance settings
are to be stored in the Nord Lead 4 memory. Read
more about the Store procedure on page 9.
Slot A - D buttons
The Nord Lead 4 has
4 Slots, labeled A
to D. Each Slot can
be loaded with one
program. Slots can be
used one by one in Program Mode or together in Performance Mode.
The Slot buttons can be used to quickly change from one program in
one Slot A to another Program in another Slot.
Press and hold several Slot buttons to use them at the same time in
a layer or split configuration. Any combination of the four slots is possible, by pressing two or more Slot buttons at the same time.
Hold a Slot button and turn the Program Dial to load another program
in that Slot.
Double-click on an active Slot in a multi-slot selection to de-select all
the other Slots. To turn off a selection where all four Slots are included,
press all four Slot buttons again.
If several Slots are active, the slot with the flashing Slot LED has the
Panel focus, the knobs and buttons on the panel will change the program in that Slot. Press an active Slot button to shift the Panel focus.
Hold Enable
A program must have Hold Enable active to be held with the Hold feature. The separate Hold Enable feature makes it possible to Hold only
selected programs in a performance.
Chord Memory
Chord Memory memorizes note intervals and automatically add these to notes that are played.
Chord Memory settings are stored in a Program.
Set Chord
Note intervals are set and Chord Memory will be activated by combining panel and keyboard actions.
1 Play and hold a chord while Chord Memory is Off, hold Shift and
press the Chord Memory button.
If you want chords that are bigger than Rachmaninov could reach,
use the sustain pedal.
2 Release the Chord button first, then the chord. The LED will show:
“Set”.
The four lowest keys in the chord will be memorized and the
Chord Memory function is activated. The lowest key in the chord
will act as the root key.
Deactivating a Chord Memory
1 Press the Chord Memory button to deactivate the Chord Memory
function.
8 Panel RefeRence | 23
Once deactivated, press at any time the chord button again to
re-activate the previous Chord Memory.
E Several voices will be used in the Chord Memory function, this
reduces the polyphony.
Only the actual key(s) you play will output MIDI Note information -
not the intervals included in the Chord Memory.
Octave Shift
Transpose the sound in the focused Slot
with the Octave Shift buttons.
Range: -24. -12, 0, +12, +24
No octave shift is applied when the center LED is lit.
• LEDs to the right of the center LED will indicate a shift upwards.
• LEDs to the left of the center LED will indicate a shift downwards.
Keyboard messages from the Nord Lead 4’s MIDI Out will not be
transposed.
Global Octave Shift
Global Oct Shift (Shift + Octave Shift down) transposes the keyboard in
octaves for the entire instrument. This is not a programmable parameter, a setting will apply until you change it. The LEDs will be in a inverted
state to indicate that you are in the Global Octave Shift mode.
• MIDI Note messages at the MIDI output will be transposed.
E A combination of extreme Octave Shift and OSC 2’s Semi Tone
setting can produce sounds that are outside the hearing range.
Split
Split divides the keyboard in two halves. Slots C and D
are controlled by the upper half, Slots A and B by the
lower half.
Hold Shift + Split and press a key on the keyboard to set the split point.
The key you press is indicated in the Display and will become the lowest key of the upper range.
Master Clock (Mst Clk)
Pattern
Hold Pattern (Shift + Mst Clk) and turn the Program
Dial to select a Pattern. Patterns are categorized, this
is indicated by an initial letter in the display, which is
followed by a pattern number. Read more about Patterns on page
15.
The Pattern selection is a Morphable parameter. You can jump to
a new pattern by pressing an Impulse Morph button.
Copy
Copy settings to be pasted to new destinations, and to
see individual parameter settings. Hold Copy and press
a Morph or Slot button, or operate a knob to copy the
setting(s) to a virtual clipboard.
Copies can be made from Continuous Morphs, Impulse Morphs and
entire Slots (complete Programs), as well as single parameters. A copy
can be pasted several times, the content of the clip board is kept until
another copy is made or the Nord Lead 4 is turned off.
“Cpy” (followed by a number or letter when appropriate) will be displayed in the Display when a Continuous Morph, Impulse Morph or a
Slot is copied. A parameter’s value is shown in the display when they
are copied.
An active Impulse Morph can be copied and pasted to a Slot to
create a new program, with all the parameter changes from the
Impulse Morph. Hold the Impulse Morph button, press Copy.
Paste the copied settings to a Slot (Shift + Paste + Slot button).
Morph Lock
Lock the Morph to be able to lift your finger off the Morph Control
button while setting up or adjusting a Morph. Press Morph Lock while
holding a Morph Control button. The Morph Control indicator will flash,
and any green Morph parameter LEDs that are associated with this
control will be lit on the panel.
When a Morph is Locked, hold down Shift and operate a parameter
knob to clear the parameter’s Morph association
Press any of the other Morph Control buttons to exit Morph Lock.
Paste
Hold Paste (Shift + Copy/Morph Lock) and select a destination to paste the copied data. “PSt” (or the value of a
single parameter) will be displayed in the Display.
Hold the Mst Clk button to set the tempo of the
Master Clock with the Program Dial. The tempo can
be set from 30 to 300 BPM.
Tap/Set
Tap the Mst Clk button to set a Master Clock tempo. You need four
taps to make a change, more taps can be used after those initial four.
The first tap will show the current tempo in the Display, the three taps
after the first will present a dot that moves across the bottom of the
display to indicate the position of the taps in the 4/4 beat.
Impulse Morph 1 - 7
The Impulse Morphs are
used to make instant
changes to the settings of
one or several parameters.
By combining two or all
three buttons, you have a total of 7 Impulse Morphs available in each
program. Impulse Morphs can control both continuous parameters and
switch-type parameters. Read more about Impulse Morphs on page
17.
24 | noRd lead 4 UseR ManUal v1.3x
Impulse Morph destinations
Oct Shift Mono Mode Glide LFO1 Wave
LFO1 Dest. LFO1 Rate LFO1 Amount LFO1 Clk Division
LFO2 Wave LFO2 Dest. LFO2 Rate LFO2 Amount
LFO2 Clk Division Mod Env Attack Mod Env Decay Mod Env Amount
Mod Env Dest. Osc1 Waveform Osc1 Wavet. Sel Osc2 Waveform
Osc2 Fine/N Res Osc2 Semi/N Freq Osc Mod Select Osc Mod Amount
Osc Mix Amount Amp Env Attack Amp Env Decay Amp Env Sustain
Amp Env Release Filt Env Attack Filt Env Decay Filt Env Sustain
Filt Env Release Filter Select Filter KB Track Filter Drive
Filter Freq Filter Res Filt Env Amount Output Level
Voice Mode Unis. Chord Enable Arpeggio Run Arp Range
Arp Direction Arp Tempo Arp Clk Division Pattern Select
Delay Clk Div. Delay Dry/Wet Dly Feedback Reverb Type
Reverb Bright. Delay Tempo FX Type FX Amount
Pitch Stick
The Pitch Stick is used to bend notes. The
range is set with the Bend Range parameter,
see page 24.
• Unison 1 adds one slightly de-tuned voice, slightly panned and with
no decrease in polyphony.
• Unison 2 adds two extra voices, with increased de-tuning and panning, each key will use three voices of polyphony.
• Unison 3 adds three extra voices, with even more de-tuning and panning, each key will use four voices of polyphony.
Vibrato (Dly Vib, Whl)
The Dly Vib1 and Dly Vib2 settings adds a delayed
vibrato, the delay time being 0.5 and 1.0 seconds.
When Whl is selected, the depth of the vibrato is
manually controlled by the Modulation Wheel.
The vibrato rate and the depth of the delayed vibrato is set in the
Sound Menu.
Mono
Mono makes the Slot monophonic, only one note at a
time will be heard. The envelopes will be re-triggered
for each new note you play.
Legato
Legato is another monophonic mode. The envelopes will not be triggered if you play legato, they will continue in their present phase.
Shift
Shift is used together with other buttons to access
additional functions. The name of the additional
functions are printed below the buttons.
Hold Shift and turn a knob, to change a parameter for all active
Slots in a Performance at the same time. The individual relationship of the parameters will be retained. This also applies to
Impulse and Continuous Morphs.
Modulation Wheel
The Modulation Wheel can add vibrato if the Vibrato Voice Mode setting is set to “WHL” and/or act as a Morph Control, to control one or
several parameters while you perform.
Voice Mode
Voice Mode parameters are used to
stack voices on top of each other
for a fatter sound, to set a monophonic behavior, and to add glide and
vibrato.
Legato is when you play a key without releasing a previously
played key.
Glide
Glide can be used to set the time interval for the pitch to glide from one
note to a new note, when Mono or Legato is active. With a setting of
zero the pitch will change instantly.
If Legato is active, Glide will only occur if you play legato.
Bend Range
Bend Range can be set up to a maximum of +/- 4 octaves. There is also two settings with different ranges
for the upward and downward bend.
Press Bend Range (Shift + Mono/Legato) repeatedly. The first press
will display the current setting, each consecutive press will increase the
bend range one step at a time.
Hold Bend Range and turn the Program Dial to scroll through the
available settings.
Bend Range Description
1 - 12, 24, 48 Pitch Bend range in semitones.
-12, -24 Pitch Bend range is 2 semitones for upward bends,
and 12 or 24 semitones for downward bends.
Unison
Unison stacks de-tuned voices
“on top of each other,” in the same
fashion as on the classic analog polyphonic synthesizers. Unison will position voices left and right with various strengths in the stereo panorama.
8 Panel RefeRence | 25
amp
LFO Modulation Polarities
Low Frequency Oscillators (LFO)
Low Frequency Oscillators (LFO) produce waveforms just like the ordinary oscillators, but with a few differences:
• LFOs are capable of generating waveforms with a very low frequency.
• LFOs are used for modulating other functions, like for example pulse
widths, the pitch of the oscillators or the filter Cut Off Frequency.
There are two LFOs in the Nord Lead 4, with slightly different features.
M The LFOs in the Nord Lead 4 are monophonic.
LFO 1
LFO 2
Waveform Description
Triangle
Suitable for natural vibrato effects and
good for classic pulse width modulation.
Stepped Random
Creates a modulation with abrupt random
changes.
Smooth Random
Creates a smooth random modulation.
LFO Destination Selector
Select the destination to be modulated by the LFO.
Destination Description
Filter Modulates the Filter Frequency.
OSC MOD Modulates the Oscillator Modulation
Amount.
OSC MIX Modulates the Oscillator Mix Amount
OSC 1 Modulates the pitch of Osc 1.
OSC 2 Modulates the pitch of Osc 2.
OSC 1 & 2 Modulates the pitch of both oscillators.
AM Modulates the amplitude.
Pan Modulates the position in the stereo
panorama.
PW Modulates the oscillator pulse width.
FX Modulates the FX amount.
LFO1 LFO2
a a
a
a
LFO1 LFO2
a a
a a
a
a
a a
a
a
a
a
a
Rate
The Rate knob sets the frequency of the LFO.
Range: 0.03 to 523 Hz
The red LED to the upper left of the Rate knobs indicate the rate of the
LFO.
Pat
If an LFO is synchronized to the Master Clock and the Rate knob is
turned all the way to the right, the LFO cyclic waveform will be replaced
by a Pattern. Read more about Patterns on page 15.
Waveform Selector
The two LFOs have different sets of available waveforms.
Waveform Description
Square
Used for abrupt modulation changes, suitable for trills, distinct tremolos, etc.
Sawtooth
Used for linear ramp type modulations.
Inverted Sawtooth
Inverted linear ramp.
Nonlinear Sawtooth 1
Ramp that drops faster then the linear.
Nonlinear Inverted Sawtooth
Ramp that “is speeding up”.
Nonlinear Sawtooth 2
Ramp that drops a bit slower.
Inverted Nonlinear Sawtooth 2
Ramp that speeds up a bit slower.
LFO1 LFO2
a a
a
a
a
a
a
a
Amount
This control sets the amount of the LFO modulation.
At the center detented 12 o’clock position, the modulation is zero. Turn left to get negative modulation,
turn right to get positive.
Range: -10 to +10
LFO Modulation Polarities
+1
0
-1
The modulation of the LFOs are unipolar, with a few exceptions. Pitch
(OSC1, OSC2) and PW modulations with triangle, S&H and Random
waveforms are bipolar. Pan modulation with all waveforms are bipolar.
Unipolar
Bipolar
time
26 | noRd lead 4 UseR ManUal v1.3x
Modulation enelope attack/decay
amount
Master Clock (Mst Clk)
Enable Mst Clk to synchronize the LFOs and Arpeggiator to the Master Clock. The LFO Rate knob will control the time
division instead of the rate.
Division Description
4b, 2b, 1, 2, 4, 8,
16, 32, 64
4bt, 2bt, 1t, 2t, 4t.
8t, 16t, 32t
The straight divisions range from 4 bars to 1/64 notes.
The t indicates the triplet divisions, from 4 bars to 1/32
notes.
Arpeggio (Arp)
LFO 1 can be exchanged for an arpeggiator. The arpeggio parameters with the red labels controls direction, range and speed
of the arpeggio.
M When the Arpeggiator is active, LFO 1 is disabled.
Keyboard Sync (KBS)
When KBS is enabled the LFO cycle will be restarted when
a key is pressed.
M All held keys must be released before a restart occurs.
Arpeggio Directions
The arpeggio directions are: Up, Down, Up/Down,
Rnd (random) and Poly. Poly will not break up a
chord you play in single arpeggiated notes, it will
arpeggiate the entire chord.
Arpeggio Run
Starts and stops the arpeggiator. The LFO 1 Destination LEDs will
indicate Run or Stopped status.
Arpeggio Range
The arpeggiator has an range from 1 to 4 octaves.
A Poly arpeggio range set to 2, 3 and 4 will play
through the chord inversions.
Modulation Envelope
Impulse Morph Sync (Imp Sync)
The LFO cycle will be restarted when any Impulse Morph
button is pressed, if Imp Sync is enabled.
Arpeggiator
When the arpeggiator is activated, the controls in the LFO 1 section will
be used for the arpeggio parameters, these are identified by the red
background.
Rate
The tempo of the arpeggio is set by the Rate knob, the range is from
30 to 300 BPM. If the arpeggiator is locked to the Master Clock, Rate
will select the divisions or activate the Pattern feature, if turned fully to
the right.
The polyphonic Modulation Envelope can be used to modulate
functions in the Nord Lead 4. It is an Attack/Decay envelope that can
be changed to Attack/Release operation. It will be triggered when you
press a key, just like the Amp and Filter envelopes but it can also be
triggered with the Impulse Morph buttons. The modulation can be positive or negative at the destination, this is determined by the Mod Env
Amount control. The illustration below show a modulation envelope
that modulates with a positive amount, with Attack and Decay
parameters.
Arpeggiator Divisions
Division Description
2, 4, 8, 16, 32 The straight divisions range from 1/2 notes to 1/32
notes.
2t, 4t, 8t, 16t The t indicates the triplet divisions.
Pat
When the arpeggiator is locked to the Master Clock and the rate knob
is fully to the right, the “rhythm” in the arpeggio will be set by a pattern,
instead of the repetitive cycle.
time
attack (time) decay (time)
key down
8 Panel RefeRence | 27
Modulation enelope attack/release
amount
This is the modulation envelope in the AR (Attack and Release) mode.
time
attack (time) release (time)
key down
key up
Attack
Attack is the time it takes for the
modulation envelope to reach the
maximum modulation level. This
envelope phase begins when you
press a key.
Range: 0.45 ms to 45 s
Decay/Release (Dec/Rel)
Decay begins after the attack phase is completed. It is the time it takes
for the modulation envelope to fall back to zero modulation again.
If A/R mode is active, the release phase will begin when the key is
released.
M When the modulation envelope is used to modulate oscillator
pitch in A(S)R-mode, the sustain phase of the envelope will be the
nominal pitch of the oscillator.
AR mode
Selecting A/R changes the Attack/Decay envelope to a Attack/(Sustain)/Release envelope.
Impulse Morph Sync (Imp Sync)
The Modulation Envelope will be restarted when an Impulse Morph button is pressed if Impulse Sync is enabled.
M Enabling Imp Sync makes the Modulation Envelope monophonic.
Amount
Amount sets the strength of the envelope modulation. At the center detented 12 o’clock position, the
modulation is zero. Turn left to get negative modulation, turn right to get positive.
Oscillators
The oscillator is the foundation of the sound in a synthesizer. It produces the waveform with a harmonic content. This important property
of the sound can be shaped and/or modulated later in the signal path.
There are two oscillators in the Nord Lead 4. You can mix the output
of the two, and detune them for a fatter sound. One oscillator can also
modulate the other, creating very complex and constantly changing
harmonic structures.
Oscillator 1
If Dec/Rel is turned fully clockwise, the decay or release time will be
infinite.
Infinite Decay or Release times acts a Sustain levels on all destina-
tions with one exception: Osc 1 and Osc 2 pitches are not modulated at all by a Mod Envelope Release that is set to infinite.
Range: 3.0 ms to 45 s, Infinite
Destination selector
Select the destination for the modulation from the
envelope. The modulation amount will be summed
with any other modulation that occurs at the
destination.
Panel Description
OSCMIX The Oscillator Mix parameter.
OSCMOD The Oscillator Modulation Amount parameter.
OSC1 The pitch of oscillator 1.
OSC2 The pitch of oscillator 2.
OSC1 + OSC2 The pitch of both oscillators.
FX The Amount of the FX.
LFO2 The Amount of LFO2.
M The Modulation Envelope will be monophonic when FX is used as
the modulation destination.
Triangle
The triangle waveform is quite soft in its character with only odd numbered and not very strong harmonics.
Sawtooth
The sawtooth waveform produces a very rich sound that contains both
even and odd numbered harmonics.
Pulse
The pulse waveform has a hollow character. At a 50% width it produces only odd numbered harmonics. If the width becomes narrower,
more odd and even numbered harmonics will be present.
The pulse have three available settings, one with a 50% width that can
be modulated by LFO 1 (PWM) and two fixed widths, 10% and 33%.
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Wavetables (Wave)
The wavetables in Oscillator 1 are single cycle, digital waveforms that
provides rich and interesting timbres, with various tonal characteristics.
There are 128 wavetables, organized in the following groups.
Group Description
Analog Analog style with additional harmonic structures.
Bells/Tines Good for metallic, percussive sounds.
Classic Harmonics inspired by acoustic instruments.
Digital Digital synthesis waveforms.
Electric Everything from subtle to nasty electrics.
Formants Vocal sounds, quality/harmonics not affected by pitch.
Organs Additive synthesis/Organ type waveforms.
Pianos Piano type waveforms.
Sine
The sine waveform is pure, with no harmonics at all. It can be very
effective in a Osc Mod setup where Oscillator 2 modulates the pitch of
Oscillator 1.
Oscillator Modulation (Osc Mod)
Oscillator Modulation is about
having the waveform produced by
oscillator 2 (or the extra sync oscillator) modulating oscillator 1. This
produces a richer waveform with
more harmonics from oscillator 1,
the harmonics will increase as you
apply more oscillator modulation.
There are two types of Oscillator Modulation: Frequency Modulation
and Oscillator Sync.
Frequency Modulation (FM)
Frequency modulation generates a wider spectrum and the resulting sound is normally perceived as rawer and brighter. The harmonic
content changes drastically depending on in what note range you play.
By changing the frequency of oscillator 2, you change the harmonic
content of oscillator 1 - not its frequency.
Sound Init
Sound Init provides you with a neutral starting point
for all parameters if you want to begin programming a
sound from scratch.
Oscillator 2
Oscillator 2 has the
same triangle, sawtooth, pulse and sine
waves as oscillator 1.
Noise
In addition, oscillator
2 can be set to produce a low pass filtered noise. The frequency/color
and resonance of the noise can be adjusted with the Noise Freq and
the Noise Res controls.
Keyboard Tracking (Kbt Off)
Disables the keyboard tracking of the pitch of the waveform or the noise in oscillator 2.
Fine tune - Noise Res
Fine tunes the pitch of oscillator 2 and controls the
noise filter resonance if noise is selected.
Range: -50 to +50 cents
OSC 1 OSC 2
The waveform produced by oscillator 2 can be heard if you wish, by
using the Osc Mix amount knob.
There are three different FM settings in the Nord Lead 4. The difference can be described as different levels of “keyboard tracking” of the
amount of modulation. The harmonic content will be wider and more
intense with FM 2 and wider still with FM 3, especially if you listen to
notes played below C5.
E Some notes can sound more or less out-of pitch using high
amounts of frequency modulation; this behavior is considered to
be normal.
Oscillator Sync (Sync)
When Sync is activated, an additional sync oscillator is routed to
oscillator 1 (the main oscillator). Each period of this additional oscillator
will restart/reset the waveform period in the main oscillator.
Sync Osc
Freq
(Osc Mod)
If you have an equal Osc Mix setting, and a Semi
Tones setting of 0; slightly rasing or lowering the
fine tune value will produce a “richer” sound.
Semi Tones - Noise Freq
Semi Tones control the coarse tuning of oscillator 2,
and controls the noise filter frequency when noise
is selected.
Range: -60 to +60 (-/+ 5 octaves)
M The red LED will be lit when the coarse tuning
are set to even octaves, 12, 24, -12, -24 etc..
OSC 1 OSC 2
The output of the sync oscillator is not heard. The harmonic spectra of
oscillator 1 is determined by the Osc Mod amount knob which sets the
pitch of oscillator 1. By altering this, the harmonic content of oscillator
1’s waveform is changed.
There are two types of Sync, hard and soft. In the Hard Sync setup,
oscillator 1 is forced to reset with every cycle of the sync oscillator
8 Panel RefeRence | 29
regardless of the position of oscillators 1’s waveform.
Soft Sync nudges and locks oscillator 1’s frequency into the sync
oscillator frequency. This creates a somewhat smoother, and in some
cases, less detuned sound.
amplitude
amplitude
Main oscillator (non-synced)
time
Sync oscillator
time
amplitude
amplitude
Harmonic 1
10 20 30 40
Harmonic 2
10 20 30 40
harmonic
number
(freq)
harmonic
number
(freq)
amplitude
amplitude
Main oscillator (synchronized)
Main oscillator at
higher frequencies (synched)
time
time
amplitude
10 20 30 40
These images illustrates the harmonic content of the non-synchronized
sawtooth waveform (1) compared to the synchronized sawtooth waveforms in our example (2 & 3).
Harmonic 3
harmonic
number
(freq)
Osc Mod Amount
The Amount knob controls the
amount of modulation.
Type
Type activates and selects the type of
oscillator modulation.
Settings: FM 1, FM 2, FM 3, H Sync, S Sync.
These illustrations shows what happens when a sawtooth waveform is
synchronized to a sine waveform at two different sync frequencies. The
sawtooth restarts its cycle every time the sine passes “zero”.
Panic
If notes would ever sustain indefinitely during a performance, press
Panic. This will execute an internal All Notes Off command, and reset
incoming MIDI CC messages.
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Amp & filter ADSR envelopes
amount
Amp & filter envelopes 2
amount
Decay
amount
Oscillator mix
Osc Mix
Oscillator Mix sets the balance in amplitude between oscillator 1 and oscillator 2.
Amp & Filter Envelopes
Attack
time
attack (time)
The Amp and Filter envelopes are used to control how the sound
changes over time. By modulating the amplifier and/or the filter with an
envelope, the sound can be given its basic “shape” and evolving tone
character. In fact, the “volume shape” is one of the most important
factors to how we identify the sound. By setting up a proper amplifier
envelope you can make a sound “soft”, “hard”, “plucked” “static” etc.
Sustain
attack (time)
key down
(level)
decay (time) release (time)
key up
time
key down
Attack is the time it will take for the envelope to go from zero to the
maximum amplitude as soon as a key have been pressed.
Range: 0.5 ms to 45 s
A very short attack time could produce a click in the beginning of
the sound. To eliminate this, increase the attack time slightly.
Decay
time
decay (time)attack (time)
key down
Decay is the time it takes for the envelope to drop down to the sustain
level after the attack phase has been completed.
Range: 0.5 ms to 45 s
If Sustain is set to the maximum level, a Decay time will have no
effect since the envelope “is already” at the Sustain level.
8 Panel RefeRence | 31
Sustain
amount
Release
amount
Filter frequency
gain
Sustain
Filter
Sustain
(level)
attack (time)
key down
Sustain is the level the envelope will reach after the decay phase has
been completed. When the envelope have decayed down to the sustain level, it will stay at this level until the key is released. With a sustain
setting of zero the envelope will drop down to zero during the Decay
phase of the envelope.
• The Sustain parameter is used to set a level, while Attack, Decay and
Release parameters are all used to set times.
decay (time)
time
Release
The Filter is one of the most important components to create the
overall timbre of the sound. The harmonic content that the oscillators
produce can be shaped with the filter and the filter frequency response
can be modulated with several functions. The Nord Lead 4 features a
selection of traditional synthesizer low pass, band pass and high pass
filters, a steep 48 dB low pass filter and two unique emulations of filters
that are modeled from two vintage synthesizers, the Ladder M and the
Ladder TB.
M The two vintage filters are not just an emulation of their characters,
we have modeled the resonance, the internal distortion and the
envelope characteristics of the original units as well.
The seven filters share the filter parameters: Freq controls the cutoff
frequency, Resonance controls the filter resonance. Drive adds some
overdrive distortion inside the actual filter and the Envelope Amount
allows you to control how much the filter would be shaped by the Filter
Envelope. In addition, the Envelope Amount can be controlled with
velocity.
Sustain
(level)
attack (time)
key down
The Release phase of the envelope begins after you have released the
key. This setting determines how long it should take for the envelope
to drop to 0 after the key is released. The release phase may start
anywhere during the envelope’s other phases, it will begin as soon as a
key is released.
A very short release time could produce a click in the end of the
Range: 3.0 ms to 45 s
sound. This is a normal physical phenomenon. To eliminate such a
click, increase the release time slightly.
decay (time) release (time)
key up
time
Filter Frequency (Freq)
Filter Frequency is used for setting the cutoff frequency point - where in
the frequency range the filter begins to attenuate frequencies.
Range: 14 Hz - 35 kHz
lter frequency
freq
The Image above illustrates three different Filter Frequency settings using a low pass filter. The area to the right of the sloping line represents
the part of the sound that is filtered out.
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Keyboard tracking (KB track)
gain
Low pass 12, 24 & 48
gain
Band pass
gain
Filter Resonance
Filter Resonance is used to emphasize frequencies around the Filter
Frequency. If you are using a low pass filter, increasing resonance will
emphasize frequencies around the set Filter Frequency and de-emphasize the rest of the frequency spectrum.
Further raising the Filter Resonance will make the sound resonant to a
point where the filter adds a ringing quality to the sound. Some of the
filters will even start to oscillate at high resonance settings.
Drive
Drive adds a distortion inside the filter with a range
that spans from gentle to quite rude.
Try the drive with high filter resonance set-
tings.
Envelope Amount (Env Amt)
Env Amt controls how much the Filter Envelope
should modulate the cutoff frequency. Positive and
negative settings are possible, the envelope can
open or close the filter. At the center detented 12
o’clock position, the modulation is zero.
• With KB Track at the 1/3 setting, the cutoff frequency will track the
keyboard in a 1:3 relationship, play one octave higher and the cutoff
frequency will move by 1/3 of an octave.
• With KB Track at the 2/3 setting, the cutoff frequency will track the
keyboard in a 2:3 relationship, play one octave higher and the cutoff
frequency will move by 2/3 of an octave.
• With KB Track at the maximum setting of 1, the cutoff frequency will
track the keyboard in a 1:1 relationship.
Filter Type
Select one of the seven available filter
types.
Low Pass 12, 24 & 48
Filter Frequency
Keyboard Tracking (KB Track)
Keyboard Tracking is used for adjusting the Filter
Frequency cut-off point depending on where in
the keyboard range you play.
freq
freq
48 dB 12 dB24 dB
Frequencies above the filter frequency setting will be attenuated. The
number indicates the slope, how steep the filter would become above
the filter frequency. A 24 dB filter has a steeper slope than a 12 dB, the
48 dB has the steepest slope.
Band Pass
Filter Frequency
This is related to basic acoustics; if you raise the pitch of a waveform,
the harmonics will also have their frequencies increased. If the filter cutoff frequency is constant, the sound will be perceived as getting duller
the higher up the keyboard you play.
• With KB Track disabled, the Filter Frequency cutoff is fixed regardless
of where on the keyboard you play.
• With KB Track enabled, the Filter Frequency cutoff will be higher for
higher notes, and lower for lower notes. The point of reference is the
key of C2.
freq
A band pass filter lets frequencies at the filter frequency to pass, while
frequencies above and below the filter frequency will be attenuated.
8 Panel RefeRence | 33
High pass
gain
Comb
gain
High Pass
FX
The Nord Lead 4 has a collection of great effects
that can add anything from very subtle or quite
drastic changed to the sound. A unique feature in
Filter Frequency
freq
Frequencies below the filter frequency will be attenuated, frequencies
above the cutoff will not be affected.
the Nord Lead 4 is the ability to modulate the FX
amount with the Mod Envelope and/or LFO 2.
Crush
The bit Crusher creates a distortion by reducing of
the resolution of the digital audio signal. The resulting quantization noise may produce a gentle edge
to the sound, or a dramatic destruction, depending on the amount.
Compressor
The compressor can reduce the dynamic range of the sound. Turn
the Amount to increase the compression ratio, the output gain will be
automatically compensated.
Ladder M
Ladder M is a emulation of an original transistor filter from the famous
Mini. This ground breaking and much loved filter design was created
and patented in the 1960’s by Dr Robert A. Moog.
The Ladder M is a four pole, 24 dB/octave, resonating low pass filter.
The resonance on the Ladder M is one detail that makes it stand out,
leaving more of the low end of the signal than on a traditional 24 dB
low pass filter.
We have not only analyzed the frequency characteristics and the resonance, but the internal distortion and the envelope response (for both
filter and amp envelopes) as well.
Ladder TB
Ladder TB is an emulation of the ladder filter from the vintage Roland
TB unit from 1982. This is a lowpass, four pole, 24 dB/octave design
but it does not sound anything like the similarly spec’d Ladder M. The
Ladder TB has a nice, quirky character to it and will not go into self
oscillation like the other low pass filters, when resonance is turned up
high. Another important feature in this filter is that a set resonance level
will drop quite a bit if the filter frequency is lowered.
Velocity
Filter Velocity allows the filter envelope amount to be
controlled with keyboard velocity.
Amp Vel
Amp Velocity allows the loudness to be controlled with velocity.
Drive
The tube style overdrive creates that typical asymmetric soft clipping
with the warm-sounding, even-order harmonics that sounds so nice on
almost any sound.
Talk1, Talk2
The Talk effects can be described as how a synthesizer would sound if
it was sounding from inside your mouth. The Talk effects are created by
using a series of carefully implemented delay lines, and can create interesting vowel and cavity effects when modulated or when the amount
control is operated.
Comb
freq
Output
Level
Output Level sets the amplitude. The setting of
this parameter is stored in the Program.
The FX Comb filter uses a delay line with feedback and a summing
mixer to phase out frequencies of the original signal.
A gentle modulation of the FX amount will produce a classic phaser
type effect.
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Note Trig
Press Shift + FX to trigger a note on the Nord Lead
4R. The actual note to be triggered can be selected
by turning the Program Dial when holding this button combination.
Sound Menu Delay Mode
The Sound Menu Delay Mode setting can be set to normal or analog.
This determines if the delay should change the pitch on sounding repeats in the fashion of an analog delay, if the Delay Tempo is adjusted.
When set to Normal, the pitch does not change.
On/Off
Turns the effect on or off.
Delay, Reverb
Delay or Reverb can put the finishing touches to
a great synthesizer sound. Every program in the
Nord Lead 4 can use either delay or reverb, even
in the Performances when 4 programs can be
active at the same time.
Delay
The Delay effect has 4 feedback levels, a Dry/
Wet control and adjustable tempo. The Delay
tempo can be set manually or synchronized to
the Master Clock.
The Delay features an optional analog mode that
behaves like an old school delay when changing
the delay tempo on the fly.
Tempo
The Tempo knob sets the time interval between
the repeats. If the Delay is synchronized to the Master Clock tempo,
Tempo will set the divisions.
Range: 20 ms to 1400 ms
Reverb
The Reverb effects simulates natural sound reflections in various
acoustic environments.
Dry/Wet
The Dry/Wet knob controls the balance in amplitude between the
unprocessed (dry) and processed (wet) signal.
Reverb Select
The Reverb button selects the type of reverb effect:
Setting Description
Room Small reverberation with room ambience and a fast
decay.
Stage Medium reverberation with stage ambience, medium
decay and a bright character.
Hall Full reverberation with a hall ambience, slow decay and
a bright character.
Division Description
2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 The straight divisions range from half notes to 64ths.
4d, 8d, 16d The “dotted” divisions will push the repeats “back” one
2t, 4t. 8t, 16t, 32t The t indicates the triplet divisions.
4s, 8s, 16s, The s indicates the swing divisions.
M Divisions are grouped according to their perceived “tempo”. This
means that the “4d” will be ahead of “2t”, “4s” is ahead of “4”, and
“4t” is after “4” etc..
half of the note value.
Feedback
Feedback allows you to select the number of repeats. There are 4
settings to chose from, ranging from one repeat (no active LEDs), to
several (both the 1 & 2 LEDs are lit).
M Hold Shift and press the Feedback button to switch from delay to
reverb functionality.
Dry/Wet
Sets the amount of the delay in the audio signal.
Dry/Wet is routed in a send configuration, it can for example be
Morphed to “completely dry” without affecting already present
delay repeats.
9 Nord SouNd MaNager | 35
Nord Sound Manager
9
Nord Sound Manager is a free application that allows you to organize the various memory areas, the partitions in the Nord Lead 4. It is also used
to download performances or programs to the Nord Lead 4 or to upload any of these items - called sounds - from the Nord Lead 4 memory to
the computer hard drive. The Nord Sound Manager provides access to various methods to download the sounds to the Lead 4 and a function to
backup and restore the entire Nord Lead 4 memory.
The Nord Sound Manager application and user manual is available on the www.nordkeyboards.com website, in the Download area,
System requirements
The Nord Sound Manager is compatible with computers running Mac OSX 10.4 or later, Windows XP, Vista, Windows 7 and Windows 8. If you run
the Nord Sound Manager on a Windows computer, you also need a Clavia USB Driver of version 3.02 or later installed. This driver will be automatically installed with the Sound Manager. The Nord Lead 4 OS has to be v1.0 or later.
36 | Nord Lead 4 User MaNUaL v1.3x
Synth basics
Pitch
Synthesis Basics
10
Introduction
Subtractive synthesis is one of the oldest and most widely spread
forms of synthesizing sounds. It is the method employed in classics as
the Moog synthesizers, the Sequential Prophet-5 and 10, Arp synthesizers, most Oberheim synthesizers, the Roland Jupiter models, the
TB-303 etc; the list is practically endless. Even new digital instruments
such as workstations and sample playback devices employ many of
the basic principles of subtractive synthesis.
With the first Nord Lead, Clavia introduced a new concept: a modern
digital instrument that combined a faithful reproduction of the behavior
of the old analog favorites with the convenience and stability of the
newer designs. The Nord Lead 4 takes this concept even further, adding valuable new features and functionalities such as FM and
Wavetables.
it from a dull organ drone to a dynamic and interesting timbre. The two
most common modulators are Envelopes and LFOs.
Envelopes
An envelope is used to give a sound a “shape”. If you apply an envelope to the amplifier (which controls the volume) you are able to make
the sound for example slowly fade in and then fade out when you press
and hold a key.
LFOs
LFO is an abbreviation for Low Frequency Oscillator. It is used for
repeating variations in a sound, such as vibrato or tremolo.
Connections
The below diagram shows a basic way the NL4’s modules can be
interconnected (there are many more possibilities):
The purpose of this chapter is to give you a quick introduction to this
world of subtractive synthesis as used in the Nord Lead 4 and its analog predecessors. If you’d like to know even more, there are number of
text books or web based info that will expand on this subject.
The “building blocks”
Subtractive synthesis started its life in modular synthesizers, large cabinets housing separate electronic modules, connected via patch cords.
With the advancement of technology, the functionality of many of these
modules could be put onto one single circuit board. But functionalitywise, subtractive synthesizers are still built out of the same modules (or
building blocks) as they were decades ago. The name “subtractive,” by
the way, comes from the way a filter traditionally behaves: it subtracts
harmonics from a waveform.
We will now take a closer look at these building blocks. Let’s first talk
about the three that actually create and process sound:
Oscillator
The Oscillator is actually the only thing in a synthesizer that actually
produces any sound, (all the other modules only shape the sound from
the oscillator). The oscillator is a bit like the string on a string instrument, it vibrates to create sound.
Filter
The signal from the oscillator is sent through the Filter which shapes
the timbre of the sound to make it “bright”, “dull”, “thin”, etc.
Amplifier
The Amplifier shapes the volume of the sound making it “soft” or
“hard”, “slow”, “plucked” or “short”.
Modulation
In addition to these main modules all synthesizers also have “modulators”, devices that can make the volume, timbre pitch and other qualities of sound vary continuously over time when you play a key.
It is these modulators that basically add animation to the sound, taking
Noise
Oscillator
Oscillator
Envelope LFO Envelope LFO Envelope LFO
Note that the horizontal lines indicate the way the sound travels. The
vertical lines indicate control signals.
The envelopes for example only modulate (control) the oscillator, filter
and amplifiers; they do not affect the sound directly.
Mixer
Filter Amplier Output
Audio signal
Control signal
Oscillators and waveforms
The two basic qualities of an oscillator are its waveform and its pitch.
Pitch
The picture of the sawtooth on the Nord Lead 4 front panel displays a
sawtooth during one period of sound. During this time, the wave raises
gradually up to maximum level and then instantly drops back to
minimum level.
The length of the
period determines
the pitch (frequency)
of the sound. The
shorter the period,
the higher the pitch.
If you for example
make the oscillator play at a frequency of 440Hz, there will be 440
periods of identical Sawtooth waves generated per second.
One period
10 syNthesis Basics | 37
amp
Sawtooth
amp
Triangle
Normally there are three ways to change the frequency of an oscillator:
• By making settings on the front panel. On the Nord Lead 4 for
example, you have an “Oct Shift” that will affect both oscillators and
separate Semitone and Fine Tune adjustments for Oscillator 2.
• By playing the keyboard. The keyboard is if course connected to the
oscillator, pressing different keys produces different pitches.
• By Modulation. Modulation allows you to make the pitch vary “automatically.” The most common example is to use an LFO to make
pitch go up and down, to create a vibrato. But you can also put the
pitch under envelope control, or make the pitch vary with your striking force (velocity).
Waveform
The waveform of the oscillator affects its harmonic content and thereby
its “sound quality” (timbre). The three most common waveforms are
sawtooth, pulse wave and triangle.
Looking at the shape of a waveform tells very little about how it
sounds. Instead, there’s a better way to draw or visualize it, called a
spectrum. Let’s introduce some quick theory:
Mathematically, all periodic waveforms can be considered as built from
a number of harmonics added together.
Each of the harmonics represents a sine wave, the purest and simplest
waveform there is (a sine wave has no harmonics at all). In other
words, if you add a number of sine waves together, each one with its
own pitch (frequency) and volume (amplitude), then you can build any
waveform you like.
The lowest harmonic is called the fundamental. The fundamental determines the basic pitch of the sound.
Sawtooth
The Sawtooth wave has a simple spectrum. All harmonics are present
in the wave, in proportional values.
time
amp
harmonic
number
(freq)
As you can see, the high harmonics have a fairly high amplitude, which
makes this waveform sound bright.
Triangle
The triangle wave does not have very strong harmonics. Furthermore
they only appear at odd harmonic numbers.
If the fundamental has a frequency of 440Hz, we will perceive the entire
sound as having a pitch of 440Hz.
Other harmonics are then added to the fundamental, called overtones.
The first overtone appears at a frequency twice the fundamental (in
our example 880 Hz). The next harmonic appears at a frequency three
times the fundamental (in our example 1320Hz) and so on.
In a spectral display of a waveform you can see the frequency (pitch) of
each harmonic and its amplitude (level). This is done by drawing each
harmonic as a line raising up from a horizontal scale.
Each line’s position on this scale indicates the harmonic’s frequency.
The line furthest to the left is the fundamental, the next is the first harmonic etc. To make life easier, one usually doesn’t label the horizontal
scale with frequency in Hz, but rather with the number of the harmonic.
The height of each line represents the amplitude of each harmonic.
If you understand the principle, you also understand that if the harmonics with high numbers have a high amplitude, the sound will be
perceived as bright.
Let’s take a look at some common waveforms and their spectra.
In the illustrations below, only some of the first harmonics are displayed. In reality, waveforms like these have an infinite amount of
harmonics.
time
amp
harmonic
number
(freq)
The first fact makes the tone pure, a bit like a flute, and the second fact
gives the sound a slightly “hollow” character.
Pulse wave
The pulse wave is slightly more complicated, because it is not one
waveform, it is many different ones. A pulse wave is a waveform that
during one period jumps once between full positive amplitude and full
negative and then back. The thing that can be varied is where within
the period you jump from maximum to minimum amplitude. Let’s look
at two examples.
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10 20 30 40
amp
Pulse wave 1
amp
Pulse wave 2
amp
Sync
Osc 2 harmonics
amp
In the first example, the jump happens 1% in from the beginning of the
period. This is referred to as a pulse wave with a 1% pulse width
(sometimes called duty cycle).
time
amp
harmonic
number
(freq)
The second example has a pulse width of 50%.
the two oscillators set to an “unusual” interval (not octaves or fifths,
for example), you will get a spectrum where the overtones appear at
frequencies somewhere between the perfect harmonics. This results in
an in-harmonic sound, which often sounds “metallic”.
Sync
One some synthesizers, one oscillator can be synchronized to another.
If you for example synchronize oscillator 2 to oscillator 1, oscillator 2
will start over with a new period of the waveform, each time oscillator 1
does so. If oscillator 2 then has a higher frequency than 1, it will get a
complex waveform that depends both on its own pitch and on that of
the other oscillator.
Oscillator 1
time
amp
Oscillator 2
(synchronized)
time
amp
harmonic
number
(freq)
10 20 30 40
This second example is a special case of the pulse wave, called a
square wave, and this has one peculiarity, it only contains odd number
harmonics, which gives it a “hollow” quality.
time
When sync is applied, the basic pitch of Oscillator 2 is locked to that
of Oscillator 1. If you change the pitch of Oscillator 1 you will affect the
basic pitch of both oscillators. Furthermore, when you vary the pitch
of the synchronized oscillator (Oscillator 2), this will be perceived as a
change in timbre, rather than in pitch.
This leads to a spectrum with deep resonances at Osc2’s harmonics,
like this:
Osc 2 harmonics
On many synthesizers (including the Nord Lead 4) the pulse width can
be adjusted, to set the timbre of the pulse wave. The more narrow the
pulse width, the more “thin” the sound will be.
You can also have the pulse width vary continuously, for example from
an LFO or envelope. This is referred to as pulse width modulation.
Modulating pulse widths from an LFO creates a rich, chorus-like effect
often used in “string” sounds.
About in-harmonic spectra
We have only discussed spectra where the overtones appear at perfect
harmonics so far. While this is true for the basic waveforms discussed
above, it is definitely not true for all sound. If, for example, you use
the frequency modulation (FM) capabilities in the Nord Lead 4, with
harmonic
number
(freq)
10 20 30 40
If you go even further and let the pitch of the synchronized oscillator vary continuously, for example from an LFO or envelope, you will
change the harmonic content of the sound in an interesting and very
characteristic way.
10 syNthesis Basics | 39
Filter 1
amp
Filter 2
gain
Filter 3
amp
When applied to the example wave, this filter cuts away some of the
high frequency material in the wave, like this:
Filter
The filter in a synthesizer is used to remove or emphasize frequencies
in a spectrum. A filter is a bit like an amplifier (a volume control) that
is applied differently to different parts of the spectrum. For example, a
filter might make low frequencies louder, while at the same time making
high frequencies weaker. Applying such a filter would make a sound
have more bass and less treble.
Let’s imagine a sound with a spectrum where all harmonics are
available at full level. It would look like this:
freq
Filter types
There are many types of filters, all with their different purposes. Let’s
discuss the three most common ones that are found in the Nord Lead
4. As you may already have noticed, the filters are explained in detail in
the Panel Reference chapter
freq
Let’s now pass this spectrum through a lowpass filter (this type of filter
is discussed in more detail below).
The filter has a characteristic, which can be drawn as a curve:
freq
As you can see the curve is flat in the low register (which means it
doesn’t affect this part of the spectrum at all) and then, at a certain
point, gradually starts falling.
Lowpass filter
The lowpass filter dampens high frequencies and allows low frequencies to pass through unaffected, as in the example above. It is the most
common synthesizer filter, since it can be used to “round off” the sharp
sound of sawtooth waves and pulse waves.
Highpass filter
This is the opposite of the lowpass filter. It allows the high frequencies
of the sound to pass through and cuts off the low frequencies. This
removes “bass” from a sound, without affecting the high end.
Bandpass filter
This allows frequencies in a certain range of the spectrum (the band) to
pass through while dampening frequencies both below and above this
range. This accentuates the mid-range of a sound.
40 | Nord Lead 4 User MaNUaL v1.3x
gain
Cutoff frequency
gain
Keyboard tracking
gain
Resonance
gain
Slope
Filters of one and the same type (lowpass, highpass etc) can have
different characteristics. One of the factors determining the exact filter
curve is the roll-off, which is measured in dB/Octave (“decibels per octave”) or poles. The simplest possible filter has a roll-off of 6dB/octave,
which is referred to as “1 pole”.
The next step up is 12dB (2 poles), 18db (3 poles) etc.
The most common synth filters are the 12dB and 24dB lowpass filters.
The difference between the two can be studied in the graph below. The
12dB filter let’s more of the high frequency pass through which gives
the sound a brighter and “buzzier” character than the 24dB filter does.
Filter frequency
12 dB/octave
Keyboard tracking
When you play different pitches, the oscillators produce different
frequencies. This means that the overtones in the waveform appear at
different frequencies. The cutoff frequency of the filter however, is fixed.
This means that different overtones will be cut off at different pitches.
To be more precise, the further up the keyboard you play, the muddier
the sound will be.
To remedy this problem many synthesizers have a parameter called
Filter Keyboard Tracking. When this is activated, the filter Cutoff
Frequency varies with which key you play, just as the oscillator
frequency does. This ensures a constant harmonic spectrum for all
keys.
24 dB/octave
freq
In the Nord Lead 4, the lowpass filter can be switched between 12, 24
and 48 dB modes.
Cutoff frequency
The most important parameter for a filter is its cutoff frequency, which
is the setting that determines where in the frequency material it should
start cutting. If the cutoff frequency in a low pass filter is set to a very
low value, only the lowest harmonics (the bass) will pass through. If you
raise the cutoff all the way up, all frequencies will be let through, as the
figure below illustrates.
Filter frequency
freq
Resonance
Resonance in a filter is created by increasing the routing of the output
from the filter to its own input. The amount of feedback is then
controlled with a Resonance function on the front panel of the
instrument.
Q=4
Q=2
Q=1
Q=0,5
freq
Changing the cutoff frequency is often referred to as “sweeping the
filter”. This is probably one of the most important ways of shaping
the timbre of a synthesizer sound. By using an envelope you can for
example have a high cutoff at the beginning of a sound which is then
gradually lowered (the filter “closes” as the sound decays). This would
emulate the way most plucked string sound (piano, guitar etc) behave;
the amplitude of the harmonics decreases as the sound decays.
freq
Filter frequency
When you apply resonance, the frequencies just around the cutoff point
of the filter will be emphasized (louder). As you increase the resonance
further and further, the filter will start to behave more an more like a
bandpass filter, where only the frequencies around the cutoff point are
let through. The filter will start to “ring”, which means it almost sounds
like it is adding frequencies to the sound.
10 syNthesis Basics | 41
ADSR-envelope
ADSR-envelope
level
If the Resonance is then raised even further (on some synthesizers) the
filter will start to self-oscillate, that is produce sound of its own, just like
an oscillator.
High resonance values are also visible in the waveform. They appear as
a “superimposed” waveform with a frequency equivalent to the filter’s
cutoff frequency.
If you add resonance to a sound and then vary the Cutoff frequency (for
example with an envelope) you will get a very typical synthesizer sound.
Amplifier
An amplifier is most often used at the final stage of a synthesizer signal
chain, to control volume. By modulating the amplifier with an envelope,
the sound can be given its basic “shape”. In fact, the “volume shape”
is one of the most important factors to how we identify the sound. By
setting up a proper volume envelope you can make a sound “soft”,
“hard”, “plucked” “static” etc.
Envelopes
ADSR-envelope
Envelopes are used to modulate pitch, amplitude, filter cutoff and other
parameters in a sound. This is used to give the sound a varying character from the moment the key is pressed to the moment it is released.
The level of the envelope does not necessarily have to fall all the way
back to zero level at the end of the Decay. Instead, the ADSR-envelope
has a Sustain setting used to determine the level the envelope should
rest at, after the Decay.
If you for example want to create a flute sound, you would have a
fairly high Sustain setting on your amplifier envelope, since a flute tone
basically stays at a steady level for as long as you blow it. On the other
hand, for a piano sound, you would want a Sustain level of “0”, since a
piano sound decays to silence if you hold the key long enough.
Please note that the Sustain parameter represents a level, but all other
envelope parameters represent times.
As described above, the envelope stays at the Sustain level until the
key is released. It then falls back to zero level. The time it should take
for this to happen is set with the Release parameter, which works just
as the Decay, but it is not applied until you lift your finger off the keys.
• If you set Sustain to full level, the Decay setting is of no importance
since the volume of the sound is never lowered until the key is
released:
• If you set Sustain to 0, the sound will become silent after the Decay
phase is finished. With short Attacks moderate Decay times, this
can be used to simulate the behavior of a plucked string instrument
(guitar, piano etc) where the sound always decays to silence after a
while:
• If you release a key before the envelope has reach its sustain, it will
immediately “jump” to the Release.
The effect of this can be studied in the illustration below:
The classic synthesizer envelope has four parameters, Attack, Decay,
Sustain and Release, and is therefore often referred to as an “ADSRenvelope”.
level
Sustain
(level)
time
attack (time)
decay (time) release (time)
key down
When you press a key, the envelope is triggered. This means it starts
from zero and rises to the maximum level.
The Attack setting defines how much time it will take for the level to
go from zero to max. If the Attack time is set to “0”, the envelope will
instantly reach full level. If the attack time is higher it will take longer.
If you for example have an envelope controlling volume, raising the
attack will give the sound a “softer” character. If you have the envelope
routed to the filter, it might give the sound a “wah” type of start.
After the envelope has reached full level, it starts to fall back again. The
Decay parameter defines how much time it takes for the level to fall
from the maximum to the Sustain level.
key up
time
key
down
Often envelope amounts can be made to vary with how hard you play
the keys. This is used to make a sound vary with your playing style, for
example to make the sound brighter (filter envelope) or louder (amplifier
envelope).
AD-envelope
A simpler form of envelope has Attack and Decay parameters only, and
is therefore called an AD-envelope. A version of this has attack and
release parameter, an AR-envelope.
In effect, the AD-envelope behaves like an ADSR-envelope with Sustain
set to 0 (see the picture at the top of this page). This type of envelope,
often with amount and inversion controls, is suitable when you want to
affect the start of the sound only.
On the Nord Lead 4, the Modulation Envelope can be set as either an
AD or an AR type.
key
up
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LFOs
An LFO is an oscillator, just like the ones that produce the sound in a
synthesizer, but with two main differences:
• The LFO produces very low frequencies, often below the hearing
range.
• The LFO is not used to produce sound, instead it is connected
to other modules to provide modulation of parameters. If you for
example route an LFO to pitch, you get a vibrato. If you route it to the
amplifier you get a tremolo.
The three basic parameters for an LFO are Waveform, Rate (frequency)
and Amount:
• The waveform determines the type of modulation, for example “regular” (triangle or sine), ramp (sawtooth) or random.
• The Rate determines the speed of the modulation.
• The Amount controls the degree to which the LFO affects its destination.
11 The Menus | 43
The Menus
11
Any settings that you change in the System, MIDI, Sound or Mutator menu will take immediate effect on a global basis, and will be stored until you
change them the next time. Enter the menus by pressing and holding Shift and the System, MIDI, Sound or Mutator button (Slot A - D buttons), the
A-D LED above the buttons will start blinking. Select a function by turning the Program Dial and change the setting by holding Shift and turn the
Program Dial at the same time. Exit the menus by pressing a second time on the Slot button.
6 - Ctrl Pedal Mode
System Menu
1 - Memory Protect – On, Off
The Memory Protect setting determines if Programs and Performance
can be stored to the Nord Lead 4 memory or not. The setting is On
when the Nord Lead 4 leaves the factory.
M System, MIDI and Sound menu settings are not protected.
Range: On (default), off
A connected Control pedal can be used to control the Nord Lead 4
volume or as a Continuous Morph Controller.
Range: c1 Volume (default), c2 Wheel Morph.
7 - Ctrl Pedal Gain
Add some gain to the output of a connected Control pedal if it does
not reach the maximum level. Operating a connected control pedal will
display the output level from 0 to 100.
Range: 1 - 10.
2 - Transpose
This setting can transpose the pitch of the Nord Lead 4 up or down in
semitone steps.
M The MIDI output will not be transposed.
Range: -/+ 6 semitones (default = 0).
3 - Fine Tune
This setting fine tunes the pitch of the Nord Lead 4.
Range: -/+ 50 cent (default = 0).
4 - Sustain Pedal Polarity
Change the polarity of a connected sustain pedal, in case the functionality of the pedal is reversed. The Auto setting will determine what
polarity a connected pedal has.
Range: Auto (default), CL - Close, OP - Open.
5 - Ctrl Pedal Type
Different models of control pedals have different specifications (resistance, offset and linearity). The most commonly used pedals are preconfigured in the Nord Lead 4, select the type you use.
Range: R5 (Roland EV-5, default) , R7 (Roland EV-7), Y7 (Yamaha
FC-7), K0 (Korg EXP-2 & XVP-10), Ft (Fatar & Studiologic VP/25)
8 - Impulse Morph Protect
This is a protection feature for the Impulse Morphs. When this is On,
Impulse Morphs have to be locked for any adjustments to stick or new
Morph settings will be discarded as soon as you release the Impulse
button(s).
Clear Impulse Morph is disabled when Impulse Morph Protect is On,
except if the Morph is locked.
Range: On, Off
A B C D - Slot Output Routing
Route the Slots to the audio outputs of the Nord Lead 4. Slots can be
routed to output pairs (1-2 and 3-4), or single outputs.
E Outputs 1 & 2 are routed to the headphones.
Range: 12 (default), 34, 1, 2, 3, 4.
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MIDI Menu
G - Global Channel
The Global MIDI Channel transmits all keyboard, pedal and panel actions. It can also be used as a receiving channel.
Range: 1 ~ 16, Off
A, B, C, D - Slot Channel
Set individual MIDI Channels for the Slots when they should respond to
MIDI events on certain incoming MIDI Channels.
Range: 1 ~ 16, Off
t - Soft Thru Channel
Incoming MIDI note on/off messages that are received at either the
5-pin or the USB MIDI on the Soft Thru Channel, will be re-routed to
the 5-pin MIDI OUT connector.
Range: 1 ~ 16, Off
1 - MIDI Interface
Choose to use the MIDI interface on the 5-pin DIN connectors or the
USB-MIDI functionality.
Range: P - 5-PIN DIN MIDI ports, U - USB-MIDI (default)
4 - Program Change Mode
Program Change Mode specifies how the Nord Lead 4 handles MIDI
Program Change messages.
Range: Sr (send & receive - default), r (receive only), S (send only),
Off
5 - Pitch Bend Mode
Pitch Bend Mode specifies how the Nord Lead 4 handles the Pitch
Bend stick and incoming pitch bend MIDI messages.
Range: Sr (send & receive - default), r (receive only), S (send only),
Off
6 - Send CC
Dump all Program parameters of the currently active Program as MIDI
Control Change messages. Press Execute to begin the transmission.
7 - Dump One
Dump One makes a MIDI System Exclusive transmission of all the
parameters of the currently active Program or Performance. Press
Execute to begin the transmission.
8 - Dump Program Bank
Dump Program Bank makes a MIDI System Exclusive transmission of
all the parameters, for all of the 99 Programs or Performances in the
current Bank. Press Execute to begin the transmission.
2 - Local Control
Local disables or enables the connection between the keyboard and
panel and the actual Lead 4 synthesizer. Local On is the default setting.
Local Off is useful when a external sequencer is used and the keyboard
and panel is only used to transmit MIDI, which the sequencer then
routes back to the synthesizer.
Range: On (default), Off
M Local defaults back to On every time the Nord Lead 4 is powered
on.
3 - Control Change (CC) Mode
Control Change Mode specifies how the front panel’s knobs and buttons are handled in the MIDI communication with MIDI Control Change
messages. The options are either send or receive, or both, or if these
messages should be ignored.
Range: Sr (send & receive - default), r (receive only), S (send only),
Off
In the MIDI chapter on page 47, there is a description on how the
Nord Lead 4 receives a Sys Ex dump.
11 The Menus | 45
Sound Menu
1 - Mst Clk Kbd Sync
Master Clock Keyboard Sync On will reset the Master Clock when a
key is played. The Soft option is a more gentle approach, depending
on when in the beat, the key is played.
Range: Off, Soft (default), On
2 - Delay Mode
Delay Mode Analog will change the pitch on sounding repeats, when
the Tempo is adjusted with the Delay Tempo knob. When set to Normal, the pitch will not change.
Range: Normal, Analog (default)
3 - Vibrato Rate
The rate of the Vibrato.
Range: 4.00 - 8.00 Hz (Default 4.80 Hz)
4 - Vibrato Amount
The amount of the Vibrato when the delayed vibrato modes are used.
Range: 0 - 50 cent (Default value is 10 cent)
Mutator
The Mutator is an automatic program generator with three different
methods of generating programs. The A and B process will use the
current Program as a starting point. The strength setting (1-5) will
determine how “different” the result will be. The differences between A
and B will be applied if you execute another Mutation after the first:
The A process will look again at the current Program as the origin and
create another mutation. Use this process to create new variations
based on one existing sound.
The B process will instead use the result of the first mutation and interpolate an evolution. Use this process to create a set of variations that
gradually progress from one existing sound to another.
The Rnd option is a random process that does not consider any
current or previous Programs. Use this to create completely random
sound variations.
Hold Copy and turn the Dial counter clockwise to undo the last
executions.
Range: A1-A5, b1-b5, RnD
5 - Impulse Morph Merge
Impulse Morph Merge will merge Morph settings that have been made
to Impulse Morphs 1, 2 and 3, to create Impulse Morphs 4 to 7. Press
Execute to merge.
If any of the Impulse Morphs 1, 2 and/or 3 share a parameter, this
parameter will not be included in the merged results.
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MIDI
12
Nord Lead 4 MIDI operation
The Nord Lead 4 is designed to be very flexible in a MIDI setup. You
can use it as a keyboard to control its internal sounds and other
hardware or software sound sources. It can also be used as a set of
individual sound engines to be played/controlled by external MIDI units
such as a sequencer.
There are two fundamental methods of operation when using the
Nord Lead 4 in a MIDI setup. You can use the Global MIDI Channel or
individual Slot MIDI Channels. These methods differs a little bit in their
flexibility and in what you can achieve.
Lead 4 MIDI IN MIDI OUT
Global MIDI
Slot MIDI
Keys you play on a Nord Lead 4 keyboard, and any tweaks that you
do on the Lead 4 panel will generate MIDI messages on the Global
Channel.
A Slot MIDI Channel is only receiving MIDI messages, with one exception: Program Change messages will be transmitted if you change
programs for the Slot that is in focus.
M Whenever the text in this manual refers to a “keyboard”, the
meaning in the description is also relevant for a external MIDI
controller, if you are for example using a Nord Lead 4R.
MIDI Settings
MIDI Channel selections, settings on how the Lead 4 should handle
Program Change, Pitch Bend, Control Change messages and other
MIDI related settings are made in the MIDI Menu.
Global MIDI Channel
By using the Global MIDI Channel, all MIDI notes and Control Change
messages can be transmitted and/or received on a single MIDI channel.
a a
a
Sequencing: Global MIDI Channel
Connect the Nord Lead USB connection (or the 5-pin MIDI In and Out)
to a computer/MIDI interface/sequencer. Set the sequencer track to all
Channels or MIDI Channel 1, which is the default Global MIDI channel
in the Nord Lead 4.
Play on the keyboard and record the performance. Any controllers that
you use – Continuous Morphs, Impulse Morphs, pedals etc. – will also
be transmitted as MIDI messages.
Recording parameter changes
There are more parameters available in the Nord Lead 4 Slots than
there are available MIDI Control Change numbers. This means that
the Slot buttons on the panel will be used to set the transmitting and
receiving Slot focus of panel generated CC messages. This allows you
to record and receive parameter changes on the Global MIDI Channel.
If you want to make parameter changes on more than one Nord Lead
4 Slot at the same time, the Slot MIDI Channel approach will be more
suitable.
Sequencing: Slot MIDI Channels
Program or record the notes to tracks in the sequencer, tracks that are
set to the Slot MIDI Channels. Keyboard and panel actions from the
Nord Lead 4 will be transmitted on the Global MIDI Channel. Local may
be turned Off, to avoid double triggered sounds.
MIDI that enters the Nord Lead 4 on the Global MIDI channel will play
all the Slots that are active. If a Performance includes layers and/or
splits, or actions with the Morph controls, those aspects will be reproduced in the same way as if you played on the keyboard itself.
Slot MIDI Channels
By using the individual Slot MIDI Channels in the Nord Lead 4, you
have individual control of the Slots, for notes as well as for parameters.
This can for example be used as a multitimbral setup, controlling 4
individual sound sources from a sequencer.
A Slot does not have to be active in a Performance, it will always
respond to incoming MIDI on its MIDI Channel. This makes it possible
to control selected Slots from the keyboard, and other Slots from other
external sources.
Overdub tracks to record any parameter changes by making these on
the Nord Lead 4 panel, or from other MIDI devices set to control the
Nord Lead 4.
Continue with the next track, set to another Slot’s MIDI Channel.
12 MIdI | 47
Pan CC
Control Slots with another keyboard
Use a Performance with some of the Slots controlled from the Lead 4
itself and other Slots from an external keyboard or sequencer, set to
corresponding Slot MIDI channel(s).
The position of an Performance or a individual Slot in the stereo
panorama can be set by transmitting CC10 to the Nord Lead 4 on the
Global Channel, or any of the Slot MIDI Channels.
MIDI Local
If a sequencer is set to echo back incoming MIDI data, this can cause
double triggered notes if the Nord Lead 4 keyboard is used. If this occurs, set MIDI Local to Off.
MIDI Thru
Slot C & D
A Soft Thru Channel can be set in the MIDI Menu. By doing this, incoming note messages on that channel from the USB MIDI or the 5-pin
MIDI Input, will be re-routed through the 5-pin MIDI Out connector.
Slot A & B
Message types
Program Changes and Bank Select
Program Change messages are transmitted on the Global MIDI channel
and are recognized on the Global and/or the Slot MIDI Channels.
Bank Select messages (CC00, CC32) are used to select between the 4
program banks or the two performance banks.
Bank Select messages should be immediately followed by a Program
Change message when you wish to select a bank from an external unit.
The Slots will respond to incoming Program Change messages on their
individual Slot MIDI Channels. Incoming Program Change messages on
the Global MIDI Channel will change the performance, if Performance
Mode is enabled.
Incoming Program Change on the Global MIDI Channel will change
programs on the focused Slot if Performance Mode is not enabled.
If you do not want the Nord Lead 4 to transmit or respond to Program
Change messages, this can be turned off in the MIDI Menu.
MIDI Clock
The Nord Lead 4 Master Clock will automatically sync to incoming MIDI
Clock.
M The Nord Lead 4 does not transmit MIDI Clock messages. If you
want to synchronize several units including the Nord Lead 4, an
external MIDI Clock source should be used.
USB MIDI
If you use a computer running Windows XP, Vista, Windows 7 or Windows 8, install the Nord v3.x USB driver to be able to use the MIDI via
USB functionality. This driver is available through Windows Update by
just connecting the computer to the Internet with the Nord Lead 4 connected at one of the USB ports. The USB driver can also be installed
from the CDROM that accompanied the unit or downloaded from the
www.nordkeyboards.com website.
Computers running Mac OSX have a native USB MIDI support for the
Nord units. No driver installation is necessary.
Panic
If notes get stuck during a performance, press Panic.
This will reset incoming CC messages and send an All
Notes Off message to all Slots.
Control Change messages
Most of the parameters on the Nord Lead 4 panel will generate a CC
message if operated, and the reception of these messages will change
the parameter accordingly. A full list of the parameters and their Control
Change number is on page 48.
If you do not want the Nord Lead 4 to transmit or respond to Control
Change messages, this can be turned off in the MIDI Menu.
Pedal Control Change
A Control pedal transmits CC7 if it is set to volume in the System Menu
and CC11 if is set to be a Morph source. The sustain pedal transmits
CC64.
Volume
The output level of an Performance or an individual Slot can be set by
transmitting CC7 to the Nord Lead 4 on the Global, or any of the Slot
MIDI Channels.
MIDI Dumps
Transmit settings
Complete Program and Performance settings can be transmitted
through MIDI as Controller Change or System Exclusive messages. The
transmissions are executed in the MIDI Menu.
A Control Change transmission contains the settings of the single
Program in focus and can be used to initialize a sequencer track with
Program parameters.
Use System Exclusive to store a Program or a complete Performance
on a computer or in a sequencer. A System Exclusive transmission can
also contain all the Programs or Performances in a Bank.
Receive Programs or Banks
Make sure that the MIDI Channel on the transmitting device matches
the Global (or Slot) MIDI Channel on the Nord Lead 4 and start the
transmission on the computer/sequencer.
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Single Programs will be placed in the Nord Lead 4 edit buffer, you need
to Store these if you want to keep them.
The currently active Program Bank in the Nord Lead 4 will be overwritten if a System Exclusive package of a complete Bank is received.
MIDI Controller list
These are the MIDI Control Change numbers used for the Nord Lead 4
parameters.
• Buttons that control “on/off” functions have a Controller value of “0”
at the “off” position and a value of “127” at the “on” position.
• Buttons that step through various possibilities start with a Controller
value of “0” for the “lowest” setting and then increment for each step
upwards. The size of the increments depends on how many possible
settings there are.
Nord Lead 4 parameter MIDI CC
Voice Mode Unison 16
Pitch Bend Range 118
Vib Select 56
Glide Rate 5
Mono Selector 15
Hold 58
Hold Enable 54
Chord Enable 112
Octave Shift 17
Impulse Morph Buttons 70
LFO 1 Rate 19
LFO 1 Waveform 20
LFO 1 Destination 21
LFO 1 Amount 22
LFO 1 Mst Clk 2
LFO 1 Clk Divisions 3
LFO 1 KBS 83
LFO 1 Impsync 59
LFO1/Arp On/Off 91
Arp Tempo 9
Arp Mst Clk 86
Arp Clk Division 87
Arp Direction 89
Arp Run 90
Arp Range 88
Arp KBS 92
Arp Impsync 93
LFO 2 Rate 23
LFO 2 Waveform 85
LFO 2 Destination 24
LFO 2 Amount 25
LFO 2 Mst Clk 18
LFO 2 Clk Divisions 14
LFO 2 KBS 12
LFO 2 Impsync 13
Mod Env Attack 26
Mod Env Decay 27
Mod Env Destination 28
Mod Env Amount 29
Mod Env Rel Mode 109
Nord Lead 4 parameter MIDI CC
Mod Env Impsync 6
Osc 1 Waveform 30
Osc 1 Wavetable Selection 49
Osc 2 Waveform 31
Osc 2 Semi Tones 78
Osc 2 Fine Tune 33
Osc 2 KBT 34
Osc 2 Noise Res 61
Osc 2 Noise Freq 62
Osc 2 Noise KBT 63
Osc Mod Amount 69
Osc Mod Select 105
Osx Mix 8
Amp Env Attack 73
Amp Env Decay 36
Amp Env Sustain 37
Amp Env Release 72
Amp Velocity 35
Filt Env Attack 38
Filt Env Decay 39
Filt Env Sustain 40
Filt Env Release 41
Filt Keyb Tracking 46
Filter Type 44
Filt Velocity 45
Filter Frequency 74
Filter Resonance 42
Filter Drive 47
Filter Envelope Amount 43
Output Level 71
FX Selection 53
FX On/Off 52
FX Amount 55
Delay Tempo 77
Delay Clk Division 57
Delay Feedback 79
Delay/Reverb Amount 76
Delay Mst Clk 51
Delay / Reverb selection 50
Reverb Bright 94
Reverb Model 96
Delay/Reverb On Off 97
Pattern selection 117
Slot Focus 119
Slot Enable 115
Pan 10
Volume Pedal (if set in System menu) 7
Ctrl Pedal (if set in System menu) 11
Mod Wheel 1
Sustain Pedal 64
Bank Select MSB 0
Bank Select LSB 32
12 MIdI | 49
MIDI Implementation Chart
Function Transmitted Recognized Remarks
Basic Channel
Default Channel
Mode Default
Message
Altered
Note
Number True Voice
Velocity Note ON
Note Off
After Key’s
Touch Channel
Pitch Bender O O
Control Change O O See MIDI CC on page 48
Program Change
True#
System Exclusive O O
System Song Pos
Common Song Sel
Tune
System Clock
Realtime Commands
Aux Local on/off
Message All notes off
Active Sense
Reset
Number True Voice
1 - 16
1 - 16
Mode 1, 3
X
***************
0-127 0-127
O, v= 1 - 127
X
X
X
O, 0-98 O, 0-98 Bank Sel: CC00, CC32
X
X
X
X
X
1 - 16
1 - 16
Mode 1, 3
X
O, v= 1 - 127
X
X
X
X
X
X
O
Indiv. channels for Slot A, B, C & D
Mode 1: Omni On, Poly - Mode 2: Omni O, Mono - Mode 3: Omni Off,
Poly - Mode 4: Omni Off, Mono - O = Yes - X = No
50 | Nord Lead 4 User MaNUaL v1.3x
Appendix
13
Specifications
General
• 4 octave (49-keys) velocity sensitive keyboard.
• 20 voices.
• Wooden Pitch Stick (n/a on Nord Lead 4R).
• Programmable pitch bend +/- 48 semitones.
• Modulation Wheel (n/a on Nord Lead 4R).
• Master Level Control.
• 2 Morph Sources (Modulation Wheel / Control Pedal, Note Velocity).
• 3 Impulse Morph buttons, with up to 7 combinations per program.
Synth Section
• 4 part multitimbral synth section:
• OSC1: Triangle, Saw, Square, Pulse, PWM, 128 wavetables.
• OSC2: Triangle, Square, Saw, Noise, Sine. Transpose and Fine Tune.
• Oscillator 1 Modulation: Frequency Modulation, Soft and Hard sync
with Amount Control.
• Filter: 7 different types of filters with Frequency, Resonance, Keyboard Tracking, Drive and ADSR bipolar (+/-) Envelope control.
• Amplifier Envelope: ADSR controls.
• Modulation Envelope: selectable AD or AR, attack decay/release and
bipolar (+/-) Amount controls.
• LFO 1 Waveforms: Square, inverted Saws, Saws & Triangle. Bipolar
(+/-) Amount control.
• LFO 1 Destinations: Filter, Osc Mod, Osc Mix, Osc 2 Pitch, Amplitude, Pulse width.
• LFO 2 Waveforms: Square, Inverted Saw, Saw, Random, Sample &
Hold, Triangle. Bipolar (+/-) Amount control.
• LFO 2 Destinations: Filter, Osc Mod, Osc 1 & Osc 2 Pitch, Pan, FX.
• Mono Mode: Mono or Legato with Glide-function.
Program Section
• 396 program locations, 4 Banks with 99 Programs.
• 100 Performances, 2 banks with 50 performances.
• Four slots A, B, C & D.
• Octave Shift.
Effect Section
• Crush (bit reduction), Compressor, Drive, Talk 1, Talk 2, Comb filter.
• Delay, synchronizable to master clock. Maxdelay time, 1400 ms.
• Reverb with 3 algorithms and brightness control.
Connections
• 4 Line Level Audio Outputs.
• Stereo Headphone Output.
• Sustain Pedal input.
• Control Pedal input.
• USB-interface with MIDI capabilities.
• MIDI in & out.
Dimensions and weight
Nord Lead 4
• 864 x 94 x 272 mm (34.0 x 3.7 x 10.7 inches).
• 5,3 kg, 11.7 lbs.
Nord Lead 4R
• 466 x 115 x 169 mm (18.3 x 4.5 x 6.6 inches).
• 3,35 kg, 6.6 lbs.
13 appeNdix | 51
__ __
CTRL
PEDAL
SUSTAIN
PEDAL
OUT 4 OUT 3 OUT 2 OUT 1
Audio Connections
Headphones
A 1/4" stereo connector for headphones.
E Playing at a high volume level can result in hearing impairments
such as permanent hearing loss.
M Only Slots that are routed to outputs 1 & 2 are present at the
headphone output.
1, 2, 3 & 4 Outputs
Unbalanced line level outputs with 1/4" connectors to connect the
Nord Lead 4 to an sound system or recording equipment.
General guide on audio connections
• Make all the connections before you turn on the power to your amplifier.
• Turn on the power to your amplifier last.
• Turn off the power to your amplifier first.
The routing of the audio signals to the outputs are made in the System
Menu.
MIDI Connections
USB Connection
The USB connection connects the Nord Lead 4 to a personal computer. The computer can run the Nord Sound Manager application or
be used if the Nord Lead 4 operating system needs to be updated.
USB MIDI
The USB connection on the Nord Lead 4 can also transmit and receive
MIDI messages.
E Computers running Microsoft Windows operating systems need a
driver for the USB connection to function. The driver can be found
on the enclosed Nord Lead 4 CD, or at the Nord web site.
Pedal Connections
There are two pedal inputs; one for a sustain pedal and one for a
control pedal.
Sustain pedal
1/4" connector for a switch type pedal. When a connected pedal is
operated, the notes you play will be sustained.
Two kinds of pedal polarities can be used, open or closed. Select the
type that applies to your sustain pedal, in the System menu.
MIDI OUT
MIDI connection used for transmitting MIDI from the Nord Lead 4 to
other units such as sound modules, sequencers or computers.
MIDI IN
MIDI connection used to receive MIDI from other units such as keyboards, sequencers and computers.
Control pedal
1/4" stereo connector for pedals of potentiometer type (also know as
expression pedals). This can be used as a source for the Morph function or to control the overall volume.
An expression pedal connected to to the Control Pedal input, must use
a stereo connector (Tip-Ring-Sleeve).
The most common pedal models (Roland, Yamaha, Korg and Fatar) are
pre-configured in the Nord Lead 4. Select the type of pedal that you
use in the System menu.
52 | Nord Lead 4 User MaNUaL v1.3x
Display Messages
Message Description
Storing
Pro
E.Cl
CP.x
PS.x
CP.x
PS.x
CPY
PSt
5.0
FvL
Pro
E.sv
E.si
E.ve
E.Ch
Pro
Memory Protected.
Mst Clk Tempo
Master Clock is synchronized to external MID Clock,
tempo cannot be manually set on the Nord Lead 4.
Copy and Paste related
Copy Slot, where x is a, b, c or D.
Pasting a copied Slot to a destination Slot (a, b, c or D).
Copy Impulse Morph, x is 1 - 7.
Pasting a copy to a destination Impulse Morph (1 - 7).
Copy Velocity/Wheel Morph.
Pasting a Velocity/Wheel Morph.
Copy (and Paste) a setting with value 5.0 (0.0 - 10.0).
The number of available Morphs in the program was
exceeded when pasting.
Pasting is not possible, Impulse Morph is Protected.
System Exclusive related
Read/Write Error.
Size Error.
Version Error.
Check Sum Error.
Memory Protected.
14 Index | 53
Index
14
A
Arpeggio 26
Arpeggio directions 26
Arpeggio range 26
Attack 30
Audio Connections 51
B
Band Pass 32
Bend Range 24
C
Chord Memory 22
Comb filter 33
Compressor 33
Control Change Mode 44
Control Pedal 51
Control Pedal Mode 43
Control Pedal Type 43
Copy 23
Crush 33
Ctrl Pedal Gain 43
D
Decay 30
Delay 34
Feedback 34
On/Off 34
Delay Mode 45
Dial 21
Display 22
Dly Vib 24
Drive 33
Dry/Wet
Reverb 34
Dump One 44
Dump Program Bank 44
E
Envelope Amount 32
Execute 22
Expression pedal 51
F
Filter 31
Drive 32
Frequency 31
Resonance 32
Filter Velocity 33
Fine Tune 28, 43
FM 28
Focus 10
Freq 31
FX 33
G
Glide 24
Global Channel 44
Global Octave Shift 23
H
Headphones 51
High Pass 33
Hold 22
Hold Enable 22
I
Imp Sync 26, 27
Impulse Morph 23
Impulse Morph Protect 43
K
Kbd Sync 45
Kbt Off 28
KB Track 32
Keyboard Note 21
Keyboard Tracking 32
Key Click Level 45
L
Ladder M 33
Ladder TB 33
Layer 10
LED Display 22
Legato 24
Level 33
LFO 25
Amount 25
Destination Selector 25
Rate 25
Waveform Selector 25
Local 44
Low Pass 32
M
Master Clock 14, 23
Master Level 7, 21
Memory Protect 43
MIDI 44
Connections 51
Controller 48
LED 21
MIDI Channel 44
MIDI Interface 44
Mod Env
Amount 27
Attack 27
Dec/Rel 27
Mod Wheel 24
Mono 24
Morph 21
Mode 18
Range 18
Morph destinations 21
Morphing 16
Morph Lock 23
Morph Merge 45
Morph Sources 16
Mst Clk 23
Multi Focus 22
Mutator Menu 45
N
Noise Freq 28
Noise Res 28
Note Trig 34
O
Octave Shift 23
Oscillator 27
Mix 30
Osc Mod 28
Amount 29
Type 29
Output 33
Connections 51
Output Routing 43
P
Panic 29
Paste 23
Pattern 23
Pedal Connections 51
Performance Mode 22
Pitch Bend Mode 44
Poly arpeggio 26
Program Change 44
Program Dial 21
Programs 9
Pulse 27
R
Release 31
S
Sawtooth 27
Selector buttons 8
Semi tones 28
Send CC 44
Shift 24
Shift Button 8
Slot Channel 44
Slot Output 43
Slots 10, 22
Soft Thru 44
Sound Init 28
Specifications 50
Split 10, 23
Store Button 22
Storing 9
Sustain 31
Sustain pedal 51
Sustain Pedal 43
Sync 28
System Menu 43
T
Talk 33
Tempo 23
Transpose 43
Triangle 27
Type 32
U
Undo 20
Unison 24
USB Connection 51
V
Vibrato Amount 45
Vibrato Rate 45
Voice Mode 24
W
Wavetable 28
Wheel 16
FCC Information (U.S.A.)
1. IMPORTANT NOTICE: DO NOT MODIFY THIS UNIT!
This product, when installed as indicated in the instructions contained in this manual, meets FCC requirements. Modications
not expressly approved by Clavia may void your authority, granted by the FCC, to use the product.
2. IMPORTANT: When connecting this product to accessories and/ or another product use only high quality shielded cables.
Cable/s supplied with this product MUST be used. Follow all installation instructions. Failure to follow instructions could void
your FCC authorization to use this product in the USA.
3. Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of
the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with
the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will
not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment is found to be the source of interference to radio or television reception,
which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or
more of the following measures:
– Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
– Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
– Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
– Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
(1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and
(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
Unauthorized changes or modication to this system can void the users authority to operate this equipment.
This equipment requires shielded interface cables in order to meet FCC class B Limit.
For Canada
NOTICE
This Class B - digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
AVIS
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B - est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
Compliance Information Statement
Model Name: Nord Lead 4, Nord Lead 4R
Type of Equipment: Digital Symthesizer
Responsible Party: Clavia DMI AB
Address: P.O. BOX 4214. SE-102 65 Stockholm Sweden
Telephone: +46-8-442 73 60
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