Before using the calculator, slide its hard case
downwards to remove it, and then affix the hard
case to the back of the calculator as shown in the
illustration nearby.
After you are finished using the calculator...
A
Remove the hard case from the back of the calculator, and re-install it onto the front.
Resetting the Calculator to Initial Defaults
k
Perform the operation below when you want to return the calculator’s setup to its initial
defaults. Note that this procedure will also clear all memory contents (independent memory,
variable memory, Answer Memory, statistical calculation sample data, and program data).
(CLR) 3(All)
9
!
About this Manual
k
• The displays and illustrations (such as key markings) shown in this User’s Guide are for
illustrative purposes only, and may differ somewhat from the actual items they represent.
• The contents of this manual are subject to change without notice.
• In no event shall CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. be liable to anyone for special, collateral,
incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or
use of this product and items that come with it. Moreover, CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. shall
not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever by any other party arising out of the use
of this product and the items that come with it.
w
Safety Precautions
Battery
• Keep batteries out of the reach of small children.
• Use only the type of battery specified for this calculator in this manual.
E-1
Operating Precautions
• Even if the calculator is operating normally, replace the battery at least once every
three years (LR44 (GPA76)).
A dead battery can leak, causing damage to and malfunction of the calculator. Never
leave a dead battery in the calculator. Do not try using the calculator while the battery is
completely dead.
• The battery that comes with the calculator discharges slightly during shipment
and storage. Because of this, it may require replacement sooner than the normal
expected battery life.
• Do not use an oxyride battery* or any other type of nickel-based primary
battery with this product. Incompatibility between such batteries and product
specifications can result in shorter battery life and product malfunction.
• Low battery power can cause memory contents to become corrupted or lost
completely. Always keep written records of all important data.
• Avoid use and storage of the calculator in areas subjected to temperature
extremes, and large amounts of humidity and dust.
• Do not subject the calculator to excessive impact, pressure, or bending.
• Never try to take the calculator apart.
• Use a soft, dry cloth to clean the exterior of the calculator.
• Whenever discarding the calculator or batteries, be sure to do so in accordance
with the laws and regulations in your particular area.
• Be sure to keep all user documentation handy for future reference.
* Company and product names used in this manual may be registered trademarks or
trademarks of their respective owners.
E-2
Contents
Getting Started ..........................................................................................1
This calculator can display both the expressions you input and calculation results on the
same screen.
Display Symbols
A
The symbols described below appear on the display of the calculator to indicate the current
calculation mode, the calculator setup, the progress of calculations, and more. In this
manual, the expression “turn on” is used to mean that a symbol appears on the display, and
“turn off” means that it disappears.
AText: Red
Frame: Green
LOGICText: GreenIn the BASE Mode, press the key.
Press
In the BASE Mode, press the key.
Input expression
Calculation result
and then press the key (variable A).
a
(
×
2
24
5+4
)
×
–
-
2
3
The nearby sample screen shows the 7 symbol.
Calculation Modes and Setup
Selecting a Calculation Mode
k
Your calculator has six “calculation modes”.
1. Press
• This displays the calculation mode menu.
• The calculation mode menu has two screens. Press can also switch between menu screens using d and e.
2. Perform one of the following operations to select the calculation mode you want.
(COMP): COMP(Computation)
b
(BASE): BASE (Base
d
,
.
COMP CMPLXBASE
1 2 3
n
to toggle between them. You
,
SD REG PRGM
4 5 6
(CMPLX): CMPLX (Complex Number)
c
(SD): SD (Single Variable Statistics)
)
e
(REG): REG (Paired Variable Statistics)
f
• Pressing a number key from b to g selects the applicable mode, regardless of which
menu screen is currently displayed.
(PRGM): PRGM (Program)
g
E-5
Calculator Setup
k
The calculator setup can be used to configure input and output settings, calculation
parameters, and other settings. The setup can be configured using setup screens, which
you access by pressing
d and e to navigate between them.
Specifying the Angle Unit
A
90˚ =
π
radians = 100 grads
2
Angle UnitPerform this key operation:
!,
(SETUP). There are six setup screens, and you can use
Degrees
Radians
Grads
Specifying the Display Digits
A
Exponential DisplayPerform this key operation:
Number of Decimal Places
Significant Digits
Exponential Display Range
The following explains how calculation results are displayed in accordance with the setting
you specify.
• From zero to nine decimal places are displayed in accordance with the number of decimal
places (Fix) you specify. Calculation results are rounded off to the specified number of
digits.
Example: 100 ÷ 7 = 14.286 (Fix = 3)
• After you specify the number of significant digits with Sci, calculation results are displayed
using the specified number of significant digits and 10 digits to the applicable power.
Calculation results are rounded off to the specified number of digits.
–1
Example: 1 ÷ 7 = 1.4286 × 10
(Sci = 5)
!,e
!,e
!,e
!,
!,
!,
b(Deg)
c(Rad)
d(Gra)
b(Fix)a(0) to j(9)
c(Sci)b(1) to j(9), a(10)
d(Norm)
(Norm1) or c(Norm2)
b
• Selecting Norm1 or Norm2 causes the display to switch to exponential notation whenever
the result is within the ranges defined below.
–2
x
x
,
Norm1: 10
Example: 1 ÷ 200 = 5. × 10
Specifying the Fraction Display Format
A
Fraction FormatPerform this key operation:
Mixed Fractions
Improper Fractions
>
> 10
10
Norm2: 10
–3
(Norm1) 0.005 (Norm2)
–9
x
x
,
>
!, ee
!, ee
> 10
10
b (ab/c)
c (d/c)
E-6
Specifying the Complex Number Display Format
A
Complex Number FormatPerform this key operation:
Rectangular Coordinates
!, eee
b (
a + b
i )
Polar Coordinates
Specifying the Statistical Frequency Setting
A
Frequency SettingPerform this key operation:
Frequency On
Frequency Off
Clearing the Calculation Mode and Setup Settings
k
Perform the procedure described below to clear the current calculation mode and all setup
settings and initialize the calculator to the following.
Fraction Format ..................................ab/c (Mixed Fractions)
Complex Number Format ...................
Frequency Setting ..............................FreqOn (Frequency On)
Perform the following key operation to clear the calculation mode and setup settings.
a + b
!, eee
!,dd
!,dd
i
(Rectangular Coordinates)
b(FreqOn)
c(FreqOff)
c (
r
∠ )
!
If you do not want to clear the calculator’s settings, press A in place of w in the above
operation .
w
(CLR) 2(Setup)
9
Inputting Calculation Expressions
and Values
Inputting a Calculation Expression
k
Your calculator lets you input a calculation expression just as it is written and execute
it by pressing w. The calculator determines the proper priority sequence for addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division, functions and parentheses automatically.
Example: 2 × (5 + 4) – 2 × (–3) =
2*(5+4)-
2*-3
w
(
×
2
24
5+4
)
×
-
–
2
3
E-7
Inputting Scientific Functions with Parentheses (sin, cos,
A
'
etc.)
Your calculator supports input of the scientific functions with parentheses shown below.
Note that after you input the argument, you need to press ) to close the parentheses.
You can omit the multiplication sign in the following cases.
• Immediately before an open parenthesis: 2 × (5 + 4)
• Immediately before a scientific function with parentheses: 2 × sin(30), 2 × '(3)
• Before a prefix symbol (excluding the minus sign): 2 × h123
• Before a variable name, constant, or random number: 20 × A, 2 ×
–1
(, cos
–1
(, tan
–1
(, sinh(, cosh(, tanh(, sinh
30)
s
–1
(, cosh
w
–1
(, tanh
sin(30
05
π
–1
(, log(, ln(,
)
,
Important!
If you execute a calculation that includes both division and multiplication operations in which
a multiplication sign has been omitted, parentheses will be inserted automatically as shown
in the examples below.
• When a multiplication sign is omitted immediately before an open parenthesis or after a
closed parenthesis.
6 ÷ 2 (1 + 2) p 6 ÷ (2 (1 + 2))6 ÷ A (1 + 2) p 6 ÷ (A (1 + 2))1 ÷ (2 + 3) sin(30) p 1 ÷ ((2 + 3) sin(30))
• When a multiplication sign is omitted immediately before a variable, a constant, etc.
• When inputting a function that uses commas (such as Pol, Rec), be sure to input the
closed parentheses required by the expression. If you do not input closed parentheses,
parentheses may not be inserted automatically as described above.
Final Closed Parenthesis
A
You can omit one or more closed parentheses that come at the end of a calculation,
immediately before the w key is pressed.
Example: (2 + 3) × (4 – 1) = 15
(2+3)*
(4-1
w
(
15
2+3
)×(
4–1
Scrolling the Screen Left and Right
A
Input Expression 12345 + 12345 + 12345
Displayed Expression
E-8
345+12345+12345I
Cursor
• While the b symbol is on the screen, you can use the d key to move the cursor to the
left and scroll the screen.
• Scrolling to the left causes part of the expression to run off the right side of the display,
which is indicated by the \ symbol on the right. While the \ symbol is on the screen,
you can use the e key to move the cursor to the right and scroll the screen.
• You can also press f to jump to the beginning of the expression, or c to jump to the
end.
Number of Input Characters (Bytes)
A
As you input a mathematical expression, it is stored in memory called an “input area,”
which has a capacity of 99 bytes. This means you can input up to 99 bytes for a single
mathematical expression.
Normally, the cursor that indicates the current input location on the display is either a
flashing vertical bar (
is 10 bytes or less, the cursor changes to a flashing box (
If this happens, stop input of the current expression at some suitable location and calculate
its result.
) or horizontal bar ( ). When the remaining capacity of the input area
|
).
k
Editing a Calculation
k
Insert Mode and Overwrite Mode
A
The calculator has two input modes. The insert mode inserts your input at the cursor
location, shifting anything to the right of the cursor to make room. The overwrite mode
replaces the key operation at the cursor location with your input.
Original ExpressionPressing
Insert Mode
Cursor
Overwrite Mode
Cursor
The initial default input mode setting is insert mode.
To change to the overwrite mode, press:
Editing a Key Operation You Just Input
A
Example: To correct 369 × 13 so it becomes 369 × 12
1D
369*13
1+2 3 4
(INS).
1+2
|
34
369×13I
+
1+2+| 34
1+2 + 4
E-9
D
2
369×12I
Deleting a Key Operation
A
Example: To correct 369 × × 12 so it becomes 369 × 12
Insert Mode
369**12
××
369
12I
ddD
Overwrite Mode
Editing a Key Operation within an Expression
A
With the insert mode, use d and e to move the cursor to the right of the key operation
you want to edit, press D to delete it, and then perform the correct key operation. With the
overwrite mode, move the cursor to the key operation you want to correct and then perform
the correct key operation.
Inserting Key Operations into an Expression
A
Be sure to select the insert mode whenever you want to insert key operations into an
expression. Use d and e to move the cursor to the location where you want to insert
the key operations, and then perform them.
369**12
dddD
369×I12
××
369
12
369×12
Finding the Location of an Error
k
If your calculation expression is incorrect, an error message will appear on the display when
you press w to execute it. After an error message appears, press the d or e key
and the cursor will jump to the location in your calculation that caused the error so you can
correct it.
Example: When you input 14 ÷ 0 × 2 = instead of 14 ÷ 10 × 2 =
(The following examples use the insert mode.)
14/0*2
e
or
w
d
Math ERROR
14÷0I×2
Location of Error
14÷10×2
d1w
28
E-10
Basic Calculations
Unless otherwise noted, the calculations in this section can be performed in any of the
calculator’s calculation mode, except for the BASE Mode.
Arithmetic Calculations
k
Arithmetic calculations can be used to perform addition ( +), subtraction ( -),
multiplication ( *), and division ( /).
Example: 7 × 8 − 4 × 5 = 36
7*8-4*5
Fractions
k
Fractions are input using a special separator symbol ( {).
Fraction Calculation Examples
A
23
14
+
Example 1: 3
Example 2:
Note
• If the total number of elements (integer + numerator + denominator + separator symbols)
of a fraction calculation result is greater than 10 digits, the result will be displayed in
decimal format.
• If an input calculation includes a mixture of fraction and decimal values, the result will be
displayed in decimal format.
• You can input integers only for the elements of a fraction. Inputting non-integers will
produce a decimal format result.
+ 1
1
=
2
23
1 1
= 4
1 2
7
(Fraction Display Format: d/c)
6
2$3+1$2
3$1$4+1$2$3
w
w
w
36
4{11{12
7{6
Switching between Mixed Fraction and Improper Fraction
A
Format
To convert a mixed fraction to an improper fraction (or an improper fraction to a mixed
fraction), press
Switching between Decimal and Fraction Format
A
Press $ to toggle between decimal value and fraction display format.
Note
The calculator cannot switch from decimal to fraction format if the total number of fraction
elements (integer + numerator + denominator + separator symbols) is greater than 10 digits.
!$
(d/c).
E-11
Percent Calculations
k
Inputting a value and with a percent (%) sign makes the value a percent.
Percent Calculation Examples
A
Example 1: 2 % = 0.02 (
2
1 0 0
)
2
!
(
(%)
w
002
Example 2: 150 × 20% = 30 (150 ×
Example 3: What percent of 880 is 660?
Example 4: Increase 2,500 by 15%.
2500+2500*
Example 5: Reduce 3,500 by 25%.
3500-3500*
20
100
)
150*20
(%)
(
!
660/880
(
!
15
25
!
!
(
(
(%)
(%)
(%)
w
w
w
w
30
75
2875
2625
Example 6: Reduce the sum of 168, 98, and 734 by 20%.
168+98+734
-G*20
Example 7: 300 grams are added to a test sample originally weighing 500 grams,
producing a final test sample of 800 grams. What percent of 500 grams is 800
grams?
(500+300)
/500
Example 8: What is the percentage change when a value is increased from 40 to 46?
(46-40)/40
!
!
!
(
(
(
(%)
(%)
(%)
w
w
w
w
1000 800
160
15
E-12
Degree, Minute, Second (Sexagesimal) Calculations
k
Inputting Sexagesimal Values
A
The following is basic syntax for inputting a sexagesimal value.
{Degrees} $ {Minutes} $ {Seconds}
Example: To input 2°30´30˝
2$30$30
• Note that you must always input something for the degrees and minutes, even if they are
zero.
Sexagesimal Calculation Examples
A
The following types of sexagesimal calculations will produce sexagesimal results.
• Addition or subtraction of two sexagesimal values
• Multiplication or division of a sexagesimal value and a decimal value
Example: 2°20´30˝ + 39´30˝ = 3°00´00˝
2$20$30$+0$39$30
Converting between Sexagesimal and Decimal
A
$
$w
$w
2˚30˚30
2˚30˚30
˚
3˚0˚0
Pressing $ while a calculation result is displayed will toggle the value between
sexagesimal and decimal.
Example: To convert 2.255 to sexagesimal
2.255
w$
2˚15˚18
Calculation History and Replay
Calculation history maintains a record of each calculation you perform, including the
expressions you input and calculation results. You can use calculation history in the COMP,
CMPLX, and BASE Modes.
Accessing Calculation History
k
The ` symbol in the upper right corner of the display indicates that there is data stored in
calculation history. To view the data in calculation history, press f. Each press of f
will scroll upwards (back) one calculation, displaying both the calculation expression and its
result.
Example:
3+3
1+1w2+2w3+3
ff
2+2
6
E-13
w
4
1+1
2
While scrolling through calculation history records, the $ symbol will appear on the display,
which indicates that there are records below (newer than) the current one. When this
symbol is turned on, press c to scroll downwards (forward) through calculation history
records.
Important!
• Calculation history records are all cleared whenever you press p, when you change to a
different calculation mode, and whenever you perform any reset operation.
• Calculation history capacity is limited. Whenever you perform a new calculation while
calculation history is full, the oldest record in calculation history is deleted automatically to
make room for the new one.
Using Replay
k
While a calculation history record is on the display, press d or e to display the cursor
and enter the editing mode. Pressing e displays the cursor at the beginning of the
calculation expression, while d displays it at the end. After you make the changes you
want, press w to execute the calculation.
Example: 4 × 3 + 2.5 = 14.5
4 × 3 – 7.1 = 4.9
4*3+2.5
w
4×3+2.5
145
d
4×3+2.5I
4×3–7.1
DDDD
-7.1
w
49
Calculator Memory Operations
Using Answer Memory (Ans)
k
The result of any new calculation you perform on the calculator is stored automatically in
Answer Memory (Ans).
Ans Update and Delete Timing
A
When using Ans in a calculation, it is important to keep in mind how and when its contents
change. Note the following points.
• The contents of Ans are replaced whenever you perform any of the following operations:
calculate a calculation result, add a value to or subtract a value from independent
memory, assign a value to a variable or recall the value of a variable, or input statistical
data in the SD Mode or REG Mode.
• In the case of a calculation that produces more than one result (like coordinate
calculations), the value that appears first on the display is stored in Ans.
• The contents of Ans do not change if the current calculation produces an error.
E-14
• When you perform a complex number calculation in the CMPLX Mode, both the real part
and the imaginary part of the result are stored in Ans. Note, however, that the imaginary
part of the value is cleared if you change to another calculation mode.
Automatic Insertion of Ans in Consecutive Calculations
A
Example: To divide the result of 3 × 4 by 30
3*4
(Next)
Note
In the case of a function with parenthetical argument (page 8), Ans automatically becomes
the argument only in the case that you input the function alone and then press w.
Inserting Ans into a Calculation Manually
A
Example: To use the result of 123 + 456 in another calculation as shown below
123 + 456 = 579 789 – 579 = 210
123+456
/30
w
12
Ans÷30
w
04
Pressing / inputs Ans automatically.
w
579
789-
Using Independent Memory
k
Independent memory (M) is used mainly for calculating cumulative totals.
If you can see the M symbol on the display, it means there is a non-zero value in
independent memory. Independent memory can be used in all calculation modes, except
for the SD Mode and the REG Mode.
M symbol
+
Adding to Independent Memory
A
While a value you input or the result of a calculation is on the display, press m to add it to
independent memory (M).
Example: To add the result of 105 ÷ 3 to independent memory (M)
10M
105/3
Kw
m
210
35
E-15
Subtracting from Independent Memory
A
While a value you input or the result of a calculation is on the display, press
subtract it from independent memory (M).
Example: To subtract the result of 3 × 2 from independent memory (M)
3*2
Note
Pressing m or
subtract it from independent memory.
Important!
The value that appears on the display when you press m or
calculation in place of w is the result of the calculation (which is added to or subtracted
from independent memory). It is not the current contents of independent memory.
Viewing Independent Memory Contents
A
Press
A
tm
Clearing Independent Memory Contents (to 0)
1m
(M).
(M–) while a calculation result is on the display will add it to or
1m
(M–)
1m
(M–) at the end of a
1m
(M–) to
6
0
1t
Clearing independent memory will cause the M symbol to turn off.
Using Variables
k
The calculator supports six variables named A, B, C, D, X, and Y, which you can use to
store values as required. Variables can be used in all calculation modes.
Assigning a Value or Calculation Result to a Variable
A
Use the procedure shown below to assign a value or a calculation expression to a variable.
Example: To assign 3 + 5 to variable A
Viewing the Value Assigned to a Variable
A
To view the value assigned to a variable, press t and then specify the variable name.
Example: To view the value assigned to variable A
Using a Variable in a Calculation
A
You can use variables in calculations the same way you use values.
(STO)
m
(M)
3+5
1t
-
t
(STO)-(A)
(A)
Example: To calculate 5 + A
Clearing the Value Assigned to a Variable (to 0)
A
Example: To clear variable A
5+
0
1t
a-
(A)
w
(STO)-(A)
E-16
Clearing All Memory Contents
k
Perform the following key operation when you want to clear the contents of independent
memory, variable memory, and Answer Memory.
(CLR)1(Mem)
9
1
w
• If you do not want to clear the calculator’s settings, press A in place of
operation.
in the above
w
Scientific Function Calculations
Unless otherwise noted, the functions in this section can be used in any of the calculator’s
calculation modes, except for the BASE Mode.
Scientific Function Calculation Precautions
• When performing a calculation that includes a built-in scientific function, it may take some
time before the calculation result appears. Do not perform any key operation on the
calculator until the calculation result appears.
• To interrupt and on-going calculation operation, press A.
Interpreting Scientific Function Syntax
• Text that represents a function’s argument is enclosed in braces ({ }). Arguments are
normally {value} or {expression}.
• When braces ({ }) are enclosed within parentheses, it means that input of everything
inside the parentheses is mandatory.
Pi (π) and Natural Logarithm Base
k
The calculator supports input of pi (π) and natural logarithm base e into calculations. πand
e
are supported in all modes, except for the BASE Mode. The following are the values that
the calculator applies for each of the built-in constants.
= 3.14159265358980 (
π
e
= 2.71828182845904 (
Trigonometric and Inverse Trigonometric Functions
k
Syntax and Input
A
sin( { n }), cos( { n }), tan( { n }), sin
Example: sin 30 = 0.5, sin
1e
Si
–1
0.5 = 30 (Angle Unit: Deg)
(π))
(e))
–1
({ n }), cos
1s
–1
({ n }), tan
–1
)
(sin
–1
30)
s
0.5)
({ n })
e
w
w
05
30
E-17
Notes
A
• These functions can be used in the CMPLX Mode, as long as a complex number is not
used in the argument. A calculation like
is not.
• The angle unit you need to use in a calculation is the one that is currently selected as the
default angle unit.
Angle Unit Conversion
k
You can convert a value that was input using one angle unit to another angle unit.
After you input a value, press
1(D): Degrees
DRG
Example: To convert
312
π
radians to degrees (Angle Unit: Deg)
2
1G
( R): Radians
2
( G): Grads
3
(DRG ') to display the menu screen shown below.
1G
× sin(30) is supported for example, but sin(1 +
i
(
(
)
π
1e
(DRG ') 2( R)
/2)
E
(
π
÷
2
r
)
90
)
i
Hyperbolic and Inverse Hyperbolic Functions
k
Syntax and Input
A
sinh({ n }), cosh( { n }), tanh( { n }), sinh
Example: sinh 1 = 1.175201194
Notes
A
• After pressing w to specify a hyperbolic function or
hyperbolic function, press s, c, or t.
• These functions can be used in the CMPLX Mode, but complex number arguments are
not supported.
Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
k
–1
({ n }), cosh
w
s
–1
({ n }), tanh
(sinh)
1)
1w
–1
({ n })
E
1175201194
to specify an inverse
Syntax and Input
A
10^( { n }) .......................... 10
e
^({ n }) .............................
log( { n }) ........................... log
m
log( {
ln( {
},{ n }) ..................... log
n
}) ............................. log e { n } (Natural Logarithm)
{
}
n
{
}
n
e
{ n } (Common Logarithm)
10
{ n } (Base { m } Logarithm)
{
}
m
E-18
Example 1: log 2 16 = 4, log16 = 1.204119983
2,16)
l
16)
l
Base 10 (common logarithm) is assumed when no base is specified.
Example 2: ln 90 (log e 90) = 4.49980967
90)
I
Power Functions and Power Root Functions
k
Syntax and Input
A
2
x
{ n}
...............................{ n } 2 (Square)
3
n
x
}
...............................{ n } 3 (Cube)
{
–1
n
x
}
{
{(
.............................{ n }
m
)} ^( { n }) .......................{ m }
–1
(Reciprocal)
{
}
n
(Power)
E
E
E
4
lo
16
)
(
g
1204119983
449980967
n
}) .......................... { n } (Square Root)
({
'
3
({
'
m
n
({
}) .........................3 { n } (Cube Root)
{
})
x
'
n
({
}) ..................
}
m
{ n } (Power Root)
Example 1: (
Example 2: –2
Notes
A
• The functions
Mode. Complex number arguments are also supported for these functions.
• ^(, '(,
arguments are not supported for these functions.
3
'
2 + 1) (
'
23
= –1.587401052
2
x
x
,
x
(,
'
2 – 1) = 1
'
3
, and
( are also supported in the CMPLX Mode, but complex number
(
(2)
(92)+1)
(92)-1)
-2M2$
–1
x
can be used in complex number calculations in the CMPLX
3)
E
E
'
–
2
ˆ
-
1587401052
(
2{3
+
1
)(
)
(2)
'
–
1
1
)
E-19
Coordinate Conversion (Rectangular
k
Your calculator can convert between rectangular coordinates and polar coordinates.
: Rectangular coordinate x -value: Rectangular coordinate y -value
o
o
Polar-to-Rectangular Coordinate Conversion (Rec)
r
Rec(
r
, )
: Polar coordinate r -value
: Polar coordinate -value
Example 1: To convert the rectangular coordinates (
(Angle Unit: Deg)
+
1
,92))
'
(Pol)
2,
2 ) to polar coordinates
'
2)
9
E
2
(View the value of )
Example 2: To convert the polar coordinates (2, 30°) to rectangular coordinates
(Angle Unit: Deg)
(View the value of
Notes
A
• These functions can be used in the COMP, SD, and REG Modes.
• Calculation results show the first
r
• The
display the value assigned to variable Y, as shown in the example.
• The values obtained for
coordinates is within the range –180°<
-value (or x -value) produced by the calculation is assigned to variable X, while the
-value (or y -value) is assigned to variable Y (page 16). To view the -value (or y -value),
y
)
r
value or x value only.
when converting from rectangular coordinates to polar
< 180°.
1
-
t
(Rec)
30)
t
(Y)
,
2,
E
(Y)
,
45
1732050808
1
E-20
• When executing a coordinate conversion function inside of a calculation expression, the
∫
π
calculation is performed using the first value produced by the conversion (
value).
r
-value or x -
Example: Pol (
Integration Calculation and Differential Calculation
k
Integration Calculation
A
Your calculator performs integration using the Gauss-Kronrod method.
2,
'
2 ) + 5 = 2 + 5 = 7
'
Syntax and Input
), a, b,
(
x
(f
∫
(
f
x
tol
Example:
): Function of X (Input the function used by variable X.)
: Lower limit of region of integration
a
: Upper limit of region of integration
b
: Error tolerance range
• This parameter can be omitted. In that case, a tolerance of 1 × 10
e
∫
1
)
tol
In(x)=1
Ia
f
0
(X)
),1,
aI
(
e
(
)
)
E
In(X),1,e
–5
is used.
)
Differential Calculation
A
Your calculator approximates the derivative based on the central difference method.
Syntax and Input
(
), a,
d/dx
• This parameter can be omitted. In that case, a tolerance of 1 × 10
Example: To obtain the derivative at point
(
f
x
): Function of X (Input the function used by variable X.)
(
f
x
: Input value of point (differential point) of desired differential coefficient
a
: Error tolerance range
tol
tol
)
–10
is used.
π
x
=
for the function y = sin(x) (Angle Unit: Rad)
2
d/dx
(
1
f
)
sa
1e
(π)
(X)
0
/2)
),
d/dx(sin(X),
E
1
÷
0
2
)
Integration and Differential Calculation Precautions
A
• Integration and differential calculations can be performed in the COMP Mode and PRGM
Mode (run mode: COMP) only.
• The following cannot be used in
tol
or
• When using a trigonometric function in
: ∫,
d/dx
.
f(x
): Pol, Rec. The following cannot be used in f(x), a, b,
f(x
), specify Rad as the angle unit.
E-21
• A smaller
specifying
tol
value increases precision, but it also increases calculation time. When
tol
, use value that is 1 × 10
–14
or greater.
Precautions for Integration Calculation Only
• Integration normally requires considerable time to perform.
• For
• Depending on the content of
f(x
) 0 where
negative result.
exceeds the tolerance may be generated, causing the calculator to display an error
message.
a x b
(as in the case of
f(x
) and the region of integration, calculation error that
1
2
x
3
∫
– 2 = –1), calculation will produce a
0
Precautions for Differential Calculation Only
• If convergence to a solution cannot be found when
be adjusted automatically to determine the solution.
• Non-consecutive points, abrupt fluctuation, extremely large or small points, inflection
points, and the inclusion of points that cannot be differentiated, or a differential point or
differential calculation result that approaches zero can cause poor precision or error.
Tips for Successful Integration Calculations
A
tol
input is omitted, the
tol
value will
When a periodic function or integration interval results in positive
and negative
Perform separate integrations for each cycle, or for the positive part and the negative part,
and then combine the results.
) function values
f(x
c
f(x)dx + (–
∫∫
a
b
f(x)dx)
c
S Positive
S Negative
Positive Part
S Positive)
(
Negative Part
(S Negative)
When integration values fluctuate widely due to minute shifts in the
integration interval
Divide the integration interval into multiple parts (in a way that breaks areas of wide
fluctuation into small parts), perform integration on each part, and then combine the results.
0
f (x)
a
x1x2x3x
b
f(x)dx =
∫∫∫
a
b
f(x)dx
+
b
4
x
∫
x4
x
1
f(x)dx +
a
x
2
f(x)dx+
x1
.....
E-22
Other Functions
k
x
!, Abs(, Ran#, n P r , n C r , Rnd(
x
The
arguments are not supported.
A
Example: (5 + 3)!
A
When you are performing a real number calculation, Abs( simply obtains the absolute value.
This function can be used in the CMPLX Mode to determine the absolute value (size) of a
complex number. See “Complex Number Calculations” on page 25 for more information.
!, n P r , and n C r functions can be used in the CMPLX Mode, but complex number
Factorial (!)
Syntax: { n } ! ({ n } must be a natural number or 0.)
(5+3)
1X
x
!)
(
E
40320
Absolute Value (Abs)
n
Syntax: Abs( {
Example: Abs (2 – 7) = 5
Random Number (Ran#)
A
This function generates a three-decimal place (0.000 to 0.999) pseudo random number. It
does not require an argument, and can be used the same way as a variable.
Syntax: Ran#
Example: To use 1000Ran# to obtain three 3-digit random numbers.
})
(Abs)
)
1
1000
2-7)
(Ran#)
.
1
E
E
E
5
287 613
E
• The above values are provided for example only. The actual values produced by your
calculator for this function will be different.
118
E-23
Permutation (
A
Syntax: { n }P{ m }, { n }C{ m }
Example: How many four-person permutations and combinations are possible for a group
of 10 people?
Rounding Function (Rnd)
A
You can use the rounding function (Rnd) to round the value, expression, or calculation
result specified by the argument. Rounding is performed to the number of significant digits
in accordance with the number of display digits setting.
Rounding for Norm1 or Norm2
The mantissa is rounded off to 10 digits.
)/Combination ( n C r )
n P r
10
10
1
1
*
/
n P r
(
n C r
(
)
4
)
4
E
E
5040
210
Rounding for Fix or Sci
The value is rounded to the specified number of digits.
Now perform the same calculation using the rounding (Rnd) function.
(Calculation uses rounded value.)
(Rounded result)
1N
200/7
200/7
e
*14
1
*14
1
0
(Fix)
(Rnd)
3
E
E
EE
E
28571 400000
28571 399994
E-24
Using 10 3 Engineering Notation (ENG)
Engineering notation (ENG) expresses quantities as a product of a positive number
between 1 and 10 and a power of 10 that is always a multiple of three. There are two types
of engineering notation, ENG / and ENG , .
The CMPLX Mode does not support use of engineering notation.
ENG Calculation Examples
k
Example 1: To convert 1234 to engineering notation using ENG
Example 2: To convert 123 to engineering notation using ENG
1234
123
1W
1W
E
W
W
,
E
( , )
( , )
/
1234 1234 1234
123 0123 0000123
03
00
03
06
Complex Number Calculations
(CMPLX)
To perform the example operations in this section, first select CMPLX as the calculation
mode.
Inputting Complex Numbers
k
i
Inputting Imaginary Numbers (
A
Example: To input 2 + 3
i
)
2+3
W
(
)
i
2+3 iI
E-25
Inputting Complex Number Values Using Polar Coordinate
A
Format
Example: To input 5 ∠ 30
)
(
5
1-
Important!
When inputting argument , enter a value that indicates an angle in accordance with the
calculator’s current default angle unit setting.
Complex Number Calculation Result Display
k
30
∠
5 30I
When a calculation produces a complex number result, R
right corner of the display and the only the real part appears at first. To toggle the display
between the real part and the imaginary part, press
Example: To input 2 + 1
and display its calculation result
i
(SETUP)
1
,
eee
1E
2+
I
⇔
(Re ⇔ Im).
a +b
(
1
(
i
W
symbol turns on in the upper
)
)
E
i
+
2
i
2
Displays real part.
Default Complex Number Calculation Result Display Format
A
You can select either rectangular coordinate format or polar coordinate format for complex
number calculation results.
Imaginary axis Imaginary axis
1E
(Re ⇔ Im)
(
symbol turns on during imaginary part display. )
i
Displays imaginary part.
1
b
a + bi
r ⬔
o
Rectangular Coordinates Polar Coordinates
Use the setup screens to specify the default display format you want. For details, see
“Specifying the Complex Number Display Format” (page 7).
Real axis Real axis
a
o
E-26
Calculation Result Display Examples
k
Rectangular Coordinate Format (a+bi)
A
(SETUP)
,
1
Example 1: 2 × (
Example 2:
Polar Coordinate Format (
A
(SETUP)
,
1
2
'
∠
eee
3 + i) = 2
'
45 = 1 + 1i (Angle Unit: Deg)
eee
a+b
(
1
3 + 2i = 3.464101615 + 2
'
2*(93)+
r∠
(
2
)
i
i
)
(
i
W
1E
2)
9
1E
∠
r
)
)
)
(Re⇔Im)
1-
45
(Re ⇔ Im)
E
( ∠ )
E
3464101615
2
1
1
Example 1: 2 × (
Example 2: 1 + 1i = 1.414213562
Conjugate Complex Number (Conjg)
k
Example: Obtain the conjugate complex number of 2 + 3i
3 + i) = 2
'
3 + 2i = 4 ∠ 30
'
2*(93)+
1E
45 (Angle Unit: Deg)
∠
1+1
1E
(
)
i
W
(Re⇔Im)
symbol turns on during display of -value.
∠
W
(Re⇔Im)
)
(
i
E
)
E
4
30
1414213562
45
1
,
(Conjg)
2+3
1E
E-27
(
i
W
(Re⇔Im)
)
)
E
-
2
3
Absolute Value and Argument (Abs, arg)
k
Example:
To obtain the absolute value and argument of 2 + 2
(Angle Unit: Deg)
i
Imaginary axis
b =
2
o
Absolute Value:
(Abs)
)
1
Argument:
(
1
Overriding the Default Complex Number Display Format
k
Specifying Rectangular Coordinate Format for a Calculation
A
a+b
Input
Example: 2
1
(
-
'
2 ∠ 45 = 2 + 2i (Angle Unit: Deg)
'
) at the end of the calculation.
i
292)
(arg)
2+2
2+2
1-
-
1
1E
(
i
W
(
i
W
(∠)
a+b
(
'
(Re⇔Im)
)
)
E
)
)
E
45
)
i
E
2828427125
2
2
a =
Real axis
2
45
Specifying Polar Coordinate Format for a Calculation
A
Input
Example: 2 + 2
1
+
r∠
(
'
) at the end of the calculation.
i
= 2
2 ∠ 45 = 2.828427125 ∠ 45 (Angle Unit: Deg)
'
2+2
+
1
1E
W
r∠
(
'
(Re⇔Im)
)
E
(
)
i
2828427125
45
E-28
Statistical Calculations (SD/REG)
Statistical Calculation Sample Data
k
Inputting Sample Data
A
You can input sample data either with statistical frequency turned on (FreqOn) or off
(FreqOff). The calculator’s initial default setting is FreqOn. You can select the input
method you want to use with the setup screen statistical frequency setting (page 7).
Maximum Number of Input Data Items
A
The maximum number of data items you can input depends on whether frequency is on
(FreqOn) or off (FreqOff).
To perform the example operations in this section, first select SD as the calculation mode.
Inputting Sample Data
A
Frequency On (FreqOn)
x
x
The following shows the key operations required when inputting class values
n
and frequencies Freq1, Freq2, ... Freq
x
}
{
1
1
x
{
}
2
1
xn
{
}
1
Note
If the frequency of a class value is only one, you can input it by pressing {xn}m(DT) only
(without specifying the frequency).
Example: To input the following data: (
(;) {Freq1} m(DT)
,
(;) {Freq2} m(DT)
,
,
(;) {Freq
n
}m(DT)
.
x
, Freq) = (24.5, 4), (25.5, 6), (26.5, 2)
24.5
1
,
(;)
4
24.5;4I
0
1
,
, ...
2
xn
,
(DT)
m
(DT) tells the calculator this is the end of the first data item.
m
Line
1
=
E-29
25.5
26.5
1
1
,
,
(;)
(;)
6
2
m
m
Frequency Off (FreqOff)
In this case, input each individual data item as shown below.
(DT)
(DT)
Line
3
=
x
{
} m(DT) {
1
Viewing Current Sample Data
A
After inputting sample data, you can press c to scroll through the data in the sequence
you input it. The $ symbol indicates there is data below the sample that is currently on the
display. The ` symbol indicates there is data above.
Example: To view the data you input in the example under “Inputting Sample Data” on
When the statistical frequency setting is FreqOn, data is displayed in the sequence:
x
Freq1,
x
, and so on. You can also use f to scroll in the reverse direction.
3
, Freq2, and so on. In the case of FreqOff, it is displayed in the sequence:
2
x
} m(DT)
2
page 29 (Frequency Setting: FreqOn)
...
{
xn
} m(DT)
Ac
c
=
x 1
Freq 1
=
245
4
x
,
1
x
x
,
1
2
,
Editing a Data Sample
A
To edit a data sample, recall it, input the new value(s), and then press E.
Example: To edit the “Freq3” data sample input under “Inputting Sample Data” on page 29
=
2
=
3
=
255
Deleting a Data Sample
A
To delete a data sample, recall it and then press
Example: To delete the “
x
” data sample input under “Inputting Sample Data” on page 29
2
1m
ccc
A
A
3
(CL).
f
E
Freq 3
Freq 3
x 2
E-30
1m
Note
• The following shows images of how the data appears before and after the delete
operation.
Before After
(CL)
Line
2
=
x
1 : 24.5Freq1: 4
x
2: 25.5Freq2: 6
x
3: 26.5Freq3: 2Shifted upwards.
• When the statistical frequency setting is turned on (FreqOn), the applicable
Freq data pair is deleted.
Deleting All Sample Data
A
Perform the following key operation to delete all sample data.
(CLR) 1(Stat)
9
1
If you do not want to delete all sample data, press A in place of E in the above operation.
Statistical Calculations Using Input Sample Data
A
To perform a statistical calculation, input the applicable command and then press E.
To perform the example operations in this section, first select REG as the calculation mode.
Regression Calculation Types
A
Each time you enter the REG Mode, you must select the type of regression calculation you
plan to perform.
Selecting the Regression Calculation Type
1. Enter the REG Mode.
• This displays the initial regression calculation selection menu. The menu has two screens, and you can use d and e to navigate between them.
2. Perform one of the following operations to select the regression calculation you want.
To select this regression type:And press this key:
y
Linear (
=
a
+ bx)
1
(Lin)
Logarithmic (
e
Exponential (y =
Power (
Inverse (
Quadratic (
ab
Exponential (y =
y
= a + bInx)
y
b
ax
=
y
= a + b/x)
y
= a +
)
bx
ae
)
bx + cx
x
ab
)
(Log)
2
(Exp)
3
(Pwr)
4
1(Inv)
e
2
)
2(Quad)
e
3(AB-Exp)
e
Note
You can switch to another regression calculation type from within the REG Mode, if you
want. Pressing
step 1 above. Perform the same operation as the above procedure to select the regression
calculation type you want.
Inputting Sample Data
A
1
(S-VAR)3(TYPE) will display a menu screen like the one shown in
2
Frequency On (FreqOn)
x
y
The following shows the key operations required when inputting class values (
y
2
), ...(
x
{
x
{
xn
,
} ,{
1
} ,{
2
yn
), and frequencies Freq1, Freq2, ... Freq n .
y y
1
2
} }
11
(;) {Freq1} m(DT)
,
(;) {Freq2} m(DT)
,
1
,
), (
1
x
,
2
xn
{
} ,{
yn
}
1
(;) {Freq n } m(DT)
,
Note
If the frequency of a class value is only one, you can input it by pressing {
only (without specifying the frequency).
E-32
xn
} ,{
yn
} m (DT)
Frequency Off (FreqOff)
In this case, input each individual data item as shown below.
x
{
1
x
{
2
xn
{
Viewing Current Sample Data
A
After inputting sample data, you can press c to scroll through the data in the sequence
you input it. The $ symbol indicates there is data below the sample that is currently on the
display. The ` symbol indicates there is data above.
When the statistical frequency setting is FreqOn, data is displayed in the sequence:
Freq1,
y
1
A
To edit a data sample, recall it, input the new value(s), and then press E.
A
x
x
y
,
,
2
Editing a Data Sample
Deleting a Data Sample
y
} ,{
} ,{
} ,{
,
2
,
2
} m (DT)
1
y
} m (DT)
2
yn
} m (DT)
y
, Freq2, and so on. In the case of FreqOff, it is displayed in the sequence:
2
x
y
,
, and so on. You can also use f to scroll in the reverse direction.
3
3
x
y
,
,
1
1
x
,
1
To delete a data sample, recall it and then press
Deleting All Sample Data
A
See “Deleting All Sample Data” (page 31).
Statistical Calculations Using Input Sample Data
A
To perform a statistical calculation, input the applicable command and then press E.
REG Mode Statistical Command Reference
A
1m
(CL).
Sum and Number of Sample Command (S-SUM Menu)
2
x
Obtains the sum of squares of the sample
x
-data.
n
Obtains the number of samples.
Σ
x
1
2
=
1
Σ
(S-SUM)
1
2
x
i
(S-SUM)
1
1
3
x
Obtains the sum of the sample
2
y
Obtains the sum of squares of the sample
y
-data.
Σ
1
Σ
y
x
2
1
=
Σ
1
=
Σ
(S-SUM)
1
x
x
i
(S-SUM)
2
y
i
-data.
e
2
1
y
Obtains the sum of the sample
1
y
Σ
1
=
Σ
(S-SUM)
y
i
e
y
-data.
2
E-33
xy
Obtains the sum of products of the sample
x
-data and y-data.
Σ
1
xy
1
=
(S-SUM)
x
Σ
iyi
e
3
x
2
y
1
(S-SUM)
1
d
1
x
3
1
(S-SUM)
1
d
2
Obtains the sum of squares of the sample
x
-data multiplied by the sample y-data.
2
=
x
y
Σ
4
x
Obtains the sum of the fourth power of the
sample
x
-data.
1
x
Σ
4
=
x
Σ
(S-SUM)
1
x
Σ
2
y
i
i
3
d
4
i
Obtains the sum of cubes of the sample
x
-data.
3
=
x
Σ
Mean and Standard Deviation Commands (VAR Menu)
¯x
Obtains the mean of the sample
1
(S-VAR)1(VAR)
2
Σx
=
o
i
n
x
-data.
1
σ
x
Obtains the population standard deviation
of the sample
1
σx
(S-VAR)1(VAR)
2
x
-data.
Σ(x
=
Σ
3
x
i
– o)
i
n
2
2
s
x
Obtains the sample standard deviation of
the sample
1
x
-data.
sx
(S-VAR)1(VAR)
2
Σ(x
– o)
=
i
3
2
¯y
Obtains the mean of the sample
1
(S-VAR)1(VAR)
2
Σy
=
p
n
1
e
y
-data.
i
n – 1
σ
Obtains the population standard deviation
of the sample
1
y
(S-VAR)
2
y
-data.
σ
=
y
Σ (y
1
– y)
i
(VAR)
2
e
2
n
s
Obtains the sample standard deviation of
the sample
1
y
(S-VAR) 1(VAR)
2
y
-data.
Σ (y
– y)
sy
=
i
3
e
2
n – 1
Regression Coefficient and Estimated Value Commands for Non-
quadratic Regression (VAR Menu)
a
1
(S-VAR) 1(VAR)
2
ee
1
Obtains constant term a of the regression formula.
b
Obtains coefficient b of the regression formula.
1
(S-VAR) 1(VAR)
2
ee
2
E-34
r
1
(S-VAR) 1(VAR)
2
ee
3
Obtains correlation coefficient r
ˆ x
Taking the value input immediately before this command as the
x
estimated value of
calculation .
ˆ y
Taking the value input immediately before this command as the
estimated value of
calculation.
based on the regression formula for the currently selected regression
y
based on the regression formula for the currently selected regression
.
(S-VAR) 1(VAR)
1
1
2
y
-value, obtains the
(S-VAR) 1(VAR)
2
x
-value, obtains the
d
d
1
2
Regression Coefficient and Estimated Value Commands for Quadratic
Regression (VAR Menu)
a
Obtains constant term a of the regression formula.
1
(S-VAR) 1(VAR)
2
ee
1
b
Obtains coefficient b of the regression formula.
c
Obtains coefficient c of the regression formula.
ˆ x
1
Taking the value input immediately before this command as the
on page 37 to determine one estimated value of
ˆ x
2
Taking the value input immediately before this command as the
on page 37 to determine one more estimated value of
ˆ y
1
1
x
.
(S-VAR) 1(VAR)
2
(S-VAR) 1(VAR)
2
(S-VAR) 1(VAR)
2
1
y
-value, uses the formula
(S-VAR) 1(VAR)
2
1
y
-value, uses the formula
x
.
(S-VAR) 1(VAR)
2
1
ee
ee
d
d
d
2
3
1
2
3
Taking the value input immediately before this command as the
y
on page 37 to determine the estimated value of
.
x
-value, uses the formula
Minimum and Maximum Value Commands (MINMAX Menu)
minX
Obtains the minimum value of the sample
x
-data.
1
(S-VAR) 2(MINMAX)
2
E-35
1
maxX
1
(S-VAR) 2(MINMAX)
2
2
Obtains the maximum value of the sample
minY
Obtains the minimum value of the sample
maxY
Obtains the maximum value of the sample
Regression Coefficient and Estimated Value Calculation
A
x
-data.
y
-data.
y
-data.
1
1
(S-VAR) 2(MINMAX)
2
(S-VAR) 2(MINMAX)
2
Formula Table
Linear Regression
CommandCalculation Formula
.
Σx
–b
=
Σy
i
.
n
Σx
.
n
Σx
.
{n
Σx
y – a
b
n
iyi
2
i
i
–Σx
(
–
Σx
.
n
Σx
2
(
–
Σx
i
i
iyi
.
Σy
2
)
i
–Σx
2
)
}{n
i
i
.
Σy
i
i
.
Σy
2
–
i
(
Σy
2
)
}
i
Regression Formula
Constant Term a
Regression Coefficient b
Correlation Coefficient r
Estimated Value
m
a=
b=
r=
m
e
e
1
2
Estimated Value
Quadratic Regression
CommandCalculation Formula
Regression Formula
Constant Term a
Regression Coefficient b
Regression Coefficient c
However,
Sxx =Σx
Sxy =Σx
2
i
iyi
–
(Σx
–
n
(Σx
n = a + bx
a= – b
b=
c =
2
)
i
.
Σy
)
i
i
n
Σy
i
n
Sxy.Sx
Sxx.Sx
2
Sx
y
Sxx.Sx
Sxx
Sx2x
Sx
Σx
(
n
2x2
– Sx
2x2
.
Sxx
2x2
2
=Σx
2
=Σx
2
y =Σx
i
– c
)
2
.
y
– (Sxx
– S
xy
– (Sxx2)
3
–
i
4
–
i
2
yi –
i
2
Σx
i
(
Sxx
)
n
2
2)2
2
.
Sxx
2
.
(Σx
i
Σx
n
2)2
(Σx
i
n
2
(Σx
i
n
i
.
Σy
2
)
)
i
E-36
CommandCalculation Formula
x
m
Estimated Value m
Estimated Value m
Estimated Value
1
2
n
Logarithmic Regression
CommandCalculation Formula
Regression Formula
Constant Term a
2
– b +
b
m1 =
2
– b –
b
m2 =
n = a + bx + cx
–b.Σlnx
Σy
a=
i
n
– 4c(a – y
2c
– 4c(a – y
2c
2
i
)
)
Regression Coefficient b
Correlation Coefficient r
Estimated Value
Estimated Value
Exponential Regression
e
CommandCalculation Formula
Regression Formula
Constant Term a
Regression Coefficient b
m
n
.
(
n
Σ
b=
ln
.
(
n
Σ
ln
r=
.
(
{n
Σ
y –a
m = e
b
n = a + bln
Σ
a= exp
b=
lny
(
.
n
Σx
.
n
x
ln
i
Σx
i)yi
n
ln
–Σlnx
2
)
x
i
.
(
Σ
2
)
x
i
–b
i
n
y
i
2
i
(
–
Σlnx
x
ln
i)yi
(
–
Σlnx
.
Σx
–Σx
(
–
Σx
.
Σy
i
2
)
i
–Σlnx
2
)
}{n
i
i
)
.
Σ
lny
i
2
)
i
i
.
Σy
i
i
.
i
Σy
2
–
i
(
Σy
2
)
}
i
.
Σ
lny
i
.
(
ln
Σ
i
2
)
y
(
–
i
Σlny
2
)
}
i
Correlation Coefficient r
.
n
Σx
r=
{n
.
Σx
2
(
–
i
Σx
i
ln
i
)
y
–Σx
i
2
}{n
lny – lna
Estimated Value
Estimated Value
m
n
=
n = ae
b
bx
E-37
ab
x
Exponential Regression
CommandCalculation Formula
Regression Formula
Constant Term a
Regression Coefficient b
Correlation Coefficient r
Estimated Value
Estimated Value
Power Regression
CommandCalculation Formula
m
n
a = exp
b = exp
r=
{n
lny – lna
m=
n = ab
.
y
i
Σx
i
i
Σx
– Σx
2
(
–
Σx
y
ln
–Σx
i
2
)
}{n
i
i
)
.
Σ
lny
i
i
.
Σ
i
2
)
)
.
Σ
lny
i
(
ln
i
2
)
y
(
–
i
Σlny
2
)
}
i
Σ
lny
– lnb
(
(
.
Σx
i
.
n
Σx
2
i
n
n
–
ln
i
.
Σx
.
Σx
(
n
lnb
Regression Formula
Constant Term a
Regression Coefficient b
Correlation Coefficient r
Estimated Value
Estimated Value
Inverse Regression
CommandCalculation Formula
Regression Formula
Constant Term a
m
n
a= exp
n
b=
r=
{n
ln y – lna
m=en = ax
Σy
a=
.
Σ
lny
–b
(
.
lnxiln
Σ
.
n
i
y
(
ln
Σ
x
n
ln
x
i
.
Σx
2
)
.
Σ
b
(
b
– b
i
Σ
n–Σlnx
i
2
)
(
–
i
.
Σ
lnxiln
(
–
Σlnx
–1
i
lnx
i
i
Σlnx
y
)
i
)
.
Σ
lny
i
2
)
i
–Σlnx
i
2
.
}{n
Σ
.
i
(
ln
n
Σ
y
lny
2
)
i
–
i
(
Σlny
2
)
}
i
Regression Coefficient b
Sxy
b =
Sxx
E-38
CommandCalculation Formula
Correlation Coefficient
Sxy
r
r =
Sxx.Syy
However,
Sxx =Σ(x
CommandCalculation Formula
–1)2
–
i
i
n
Syy =Σy
2
–
i
–1)2
(Σx
(Σy
n
2
)
i
b
Estimated Value
m
m=
y – a
b
Estimated Value
n
n =a+
x
Statistical Calculation Example
k
The nearby data shows how the weight of a newborn at various
numbers of days after birth.
Obtain the regression formula and correlation coefficient
1
produced by linear regression of the data.
Obtain the regression formula and correlation coefficient
2
produced by logarithmic regression of the data.
Predict the weight 350 days after birth based on the
3
regression formula that best fits the trend of the data in
accordance with the regression results.
Operation Procedure
Enter the REG Mode and select linear regression:
Select FreqOff for the statistical frequency setting:
The absolute value of the correlation coefficient for logarithmic regression is closer to 1, so
perform the weight prediction calculation using logarithmic regression.
Obtain
when x = 350:
1
(S-VAR)1(VAR)
2
ee
d
(S-VAR)1(VAR)
2
(r)
3
350
2
(n)
E
E
0991493123
y
350
1000056129
Base-n Calculations (BASE)
To perform the example operations in this section, first select BASE as the calculation
mode.
Performing Base-n Calculations
k
Specifying the Default Number Base
A
Use the following keys to select a default number base x(DEC) for decimal,
hexadecimal, l(BIN) for binary, or i(OCT) for octal.
E-40
(HEX) for
M
Example Base-n Calculations
A
Example: To select binary as the number base and calculate 12 + 1
2
1+1
A
l
(BIN)
1+1
E
10
Number base indicator
(d: decimal, H: hexadecimal, b: binary, o: octal)
• Inputting an invalid value causes a Syntax ERROR.
• In the BASE Mode, input of fractional (decimal) values and exponential values is not
supported. Anything to the right of the decimal point of calculation results is cut off.
Hexadecimal Value Input and Calculation Example
A
Use the following keys to input the letters required for hexadecimal values: -(A),
(C), s(D),
w
Example: To select hexadecimal as the number base and calculate 1F
(E), t(F).
c
AM
(HEX)
1
t
(F)
+1
E
16
+ 1
16
$
20
b
(B),
H
Effective Calculation Ranges
A
Number BaseEffective Range
x
Binary
Octal
Decimal–2147483648 <
Hexadecimal
A Math ERROR occurs when a calculation result is outside of the applicable range for the
current default number base.
Converting a Displayed Result to another Number Base
k
Pressing x(DEC), M(HEX), l(BIN), or i(OCT) while a calculation result is displayed
will convert the result to the corresponding number base.
Positive: 0 <Negative: 1000000000 <
Positive: 0 <Negative: 4000000000 <
Positive: 0 <Negative: 80000000 <
< 111111111
x
x
< 3777777777
x
x
< 2147483647
x
< 7FFFFFFF
x
< FFFFFFFF
< 1111111111
< 7777777777
Example: To convert the decimal value 30
Ax
to binary, octal, and hexadecimal format
10
(DEC)
30
(BIN)
l
(OCT)
i
E
11110
E-41
d
30
b
o
36
Using the LOGIC Menu
k
In the BASE Mode, the X key changes function to become a LOGIC menu display key.
The LOGIC menu has three screens, and you can use d and e to navigate between
them.
Specifying a Number Base for a Particular Value
k
You can specify a number base that is different from the current default number base while
inputting a value.
n
Example Calculation Using Base-
A
Specification
M
(HEX)
1E
H
Example: To perform the calculation 5
10
+ 5
, and display the result in binary
16
A
l
5+
(BIN) X(LOGIC)
(LOGIC)
X
d
2
d
(h)
1
5
(d)
E
d5+h5
1010
Performing Calculations Using Logical Operations and
k
Negative Binary Values
Your calculator can perform 10-digit (10-bit) binary logical operations and negative value
calculations. All of the examples shown below are performed with BIN (binary) set as the
default number base.
Logical Product (and)
A
Returns the result of a bitwise product.
Example: 1010
and 1100 2 = 1000
2
1010
X
2
(LOGIC)
1
(and)
1100
E
1000
b
b
Logical Sum (or)
A
Returns the result of a bitwise sum.
Example: 1011
Exclusive Logical Sum (xor)
A
Returns the result of a bitwise exclusive logical sum.
Example: 1010
1011
1010
or 11010 2 = 11011
2
(LOGIC)
X
xor 1100 2 = 110
2
(LOGIC)
X
2
2
2
e
(or)
11010
(xor)
1
1100
E-42
E
E
b
11011
b
110
Exclusive Logical Sum Negation (xnor)
A
Returns the result of the negation of a bitwise exclusive logical sum.
Example: 1111
Complement/Inversion (Not)
A
Returns the complement (bitwise inversion) of a value.
Example: Not(1010
Negation (Neg)
A
Returns the two’s complement of a value.
Example: Neg(101101
xnor 101 2 = 1111110101
2
1111
) = 1111110101
2
X
(LOGIC)
X
(LOGIC)
) = 1111010011
2
e
X
3
e
(Neg)
2
(LOGIC)3(xnor)
2
(Not)
2
101101)
1010)
2
101
E
E
E
b
1111110101
b
1111110101
b
1111010011
Program Mode (PRGM)
You can use the PRGM Mode to create and store programs for calculations you need to
perform on a regular basis. You can include any calculation that can be performed in the
COMP, CMPLX, BASE, SD, or REG Mode in a program.
Program Mode Overview
k
Specifying a Program Run Mode
A
Though you create and run programs in the PRGM Mode, each program has a “run mode”
that it runs in. You can specify COMP, CMPLX, BASE, SD, or REG as a program’s run
mode. This means you need to think about what you want your program to do and select
the appropriate run mode.
Program Memory
A
Program memory has a total capacity of 390 bytes, which can be shared by up to four
programs. Further program storage is not possible after program memory becomes full.
Creating a Program
k
Creating a New Program
A
Example: To create a program that converts inches to centimeters (1 inch = 2.54 cm)
? → A : A × 2.54
E-43
1. Press
,
(PRGM) to enter the PRGM Mode.
g
ED I T RUN DEL
2. Press b(EDIT).
Program areas that already contain program data (P1 through P4)
123
EDIT Program
P-1234 380
3. Press the number key that corresponds to an unused program area number.
• This displays the run mode selection menu. Use e and d to switch between menu
screen 1 and screen 2.
MODE:COMPCMPLX
12
Screen 1 Screen 2
4. Press the number key that corresponds to the mode you want to assign as the program’s
run mode.
• Here, select b(COMP) on screen 1. This selects COMP
as the run mode, and displays the program editing screen.
Remaining program memory capacity
MODE:BASESDREG
345
I
000
Important!
You cannot change the run mode of a program once it has been assigned. A run mode can
be assigned only when you are creating a new program.
5. Input the program.
?→A:A×2.54
010
• Here we will input the program shown below.
Program? → A : A × 2.54
d(P-CMD)b(?)
!
Key Operation
•
!
Commands” on page 46 for more information.
6. After inputting the program, press A or
• To run the program you just created, press w here to display the RUN Program
screen. For more information, see “Running a Program” below.
• To return to the normal calculation screen, press
(P-CMD) displays a special program command input screen. See “Inputting
d
!~a-
(→)-(A)(A)
*c.fe
!5
w
(EXIT).
,
to enter the COMP Mode.
b
E-44
Editing an Existing Program
A
1. Press
2. Use number keys b through e to select the program area that contains the program
you want to edit.
3. Use e and d to move the cursor around the program, and perform the required
operations to edit the contents of the program or to add new contents.
• Pressing f jumps to the beginning of the program, while c jumps to the end.
4. After you finish editing the program, press A or
Running a Program
k
You can run a program in the PRGM Mode or from another mode.
Running a Program from Outside the PRGM Mode
A
1. Press
2. Use number keys b through e to select a program area and execute its program.
Running a Program in the PRGM Mode
A
1. Press
2. Press c(RUN).
• This will display the RUN Program screen.
,
5
,
(PRGM)
g
.
(PRGM) to display the PRGM Mode initial screen.
g
(EDIT) to display the EDIT Program screen.
b
!5
Program areas that already contain program data (P1 through P4)
(EXIT).
RUN Program
P-1234 380
3. Use number keys b through e to select the program area that contains the program
you want to run.
• This will execute the program in the program area you select.
What to do if an error message appears
A
Press d or e. This will display the editing screen for the program, with the cursor located
at the location where the error was generated so you can correct the problem.
Deleting a Program
k
You can delete an existing program by specifying its program area number.
Deleting the Program in a Specific Program Area
A
1. Press
2. Press d(DEL).
,
(PRGM) to display the PRGM Mode initial screen.
g
Remaining program memory capacity
Program areas that already contain program data (P1 through P4)
DELETE Pr ogram
P-1234 380
Remaining program memory capacity
E-45
3. Use number keys b through e to select the program area whose program you want
to delete.
• The symbol next to the number of the program area
that contained the program you just deleted will turn off,
and the remaining program memory capacity value will
increase.
Inputting Commands
k
Inputting Special Program Commands
A
DELETE Pr ogram
P-1234 390
1. While the program editing screen is on the display, press
• This displays page 1 of the command menu.
2. Use e and d to scroll through the pages and display the one that contains the
command you want.
3. Use number keys b through e to select and input the command you want.
Note
To input a separator symbol (:), press w.
Functions that Can be Input as Program Commands
A
You can input the settings and other operations that you perform during normal calculations
as program commands. For more information, see the “Command Reference” below.
Command Reference
k
This section provides details on each of the commands that you can use in programs.
Commands that have
press
A
!
Basic Operation Commands
(P-CMD) or
d
g
in the title can be input on the screen that appears when you
.
5
g
!
(P-CMD).
d
? (Input Prompt)
Syntax ?
Function Displays the input prompt “{variable}?” and assigns the input value to a
Example ?
(Variable Assignment)
→
Syntax {expression ; ?}
Function Assigns the value obtained by the element on the left to the variable on the
Example A+5
: (Separator Code)
Syntax {statement} : {statement} : ... : {statement}
Function Separates statements. Does not stop program execution.
Example ?
{variable}
→
variable.
A
→
right.
A
→
A : A
→
2
: Ans 2
{variable}
→
E-46
(Output Command)
^
Syntax {statement}
Function Pauses program execution and displays the result of the current execution.
The
Q
command.
Example ?
Unconditional Jump Command
A
Goto ~ Lbl
Syntax Goto
Function Execution of Goto
Example ?
A : A
→
n
: .... : Lbl n or Lbl n : .... : Goto n ( n = integer from 0 to 9)
A : Lbl 1 : ? → B : A × B ÷ 2 ^ Goto 1
→
{statement}
^
symbol is turned on while program execution is paused by this
2
^ Ans 2
g
n
jumps to corresponding Lbl n .
Important!
A Syntax ERROR occurs if there is no corresponding Lbl n in the same program where
n
Goto
A
is located.
Conditional Jump Commands and Conditional Expressions
g
S
Syntax
Function Conditional branching command used in combination with relational
Syntax
Syntax
Example Lbl 1 : ? → A : A > 0 S'(A) ^ Goto 1
=, ≠, >, >, <, < (Relational Operators)
{expression} {relational operator} {expression} S {statement1} :
1
{statement2} : ....
{expression} S {statement1} : {statement2} : ....
2
operators (=, ≠, >, >, <, <).
: {statement1} is executed if the condition to the left of the S
1
command is true, and then {statement2} and everything after it is executed
in sequence. {statement1} is skipped if the condition to the left of the Scommand is false, and then {statement2} and everything after it is executed.
: A non-zero evaluation result of the condition to the left of the S
2
command is interpreted as “true”, so {statement1} is executed, followed by
{statement2} and everything after it in succession. A zero evaluation result
of the condition to the left of the S command is interpreted as “false”, so {statement1} is skipped, and {statement2} and everything after it is executed.
Syntax {expression} {relational operator} {expression}
Function These commands evaluate the expressions on either side, and return a value
of true (1) or false (0). These commands are used in combination with the
branching command S, and when structuring the {conditional expression} of
If statements and While statements.
Example See the entries for S (page 47), If statement (page 48), and While statement
(page 49).
E-47
Note
These commands evaluate the expressions on either side, and return 1 if true and 0 if false,
and store the result in Ans.
Control Structure Commands/If Statement
A
The If statement is used to control program execution branching according to whether the
expression following If (which is the branching condition) is true or false.
If Statement Precautions
• An If must always be accompanied by a Then. Using an If without a corresponding Then
will result in a Syntax ERROR.
• An expression, Goto command, or Break command can be used for the {expression*}
following Then and Else.
If~Then (~Else) ~IfEnd
Syntax If {conditional expression} : Then {expression*} : Else {expression*} : IfEnd :
{statement} : ...
Function • The statements following Then are executed up to Else, and then the
statements following IfEnd are executed when the conditional statement
following If is true. The statements following Else and then the statements
following IfEnd are executed when the conditional statement following If is
false.
• Else {expression} may be omitted.
• Always include the IfEnd:{statement}. Omitting it will not cause an error,
but certain program contents can cause unexpected execution results by
everything after the If statement.
Example 1 ? → A : If A < 10 : Then 10A ^ Else 9A ^ IfEnd : Ans×1.05
Example 2 ? → A : If A > 0 : Then A × 10 → A : IfEnd : Ans×1.05
g
Control Structure Commands/For Statement
A
The For statement repeats execution of the statements between For and Next as long as
the value assigned to the control variable is within the specified range.
For Statement Precautions
A For statement must always be accompanied by a Next statement. Using a For without a
corresponding Next will result in a Syntax ERROR.
For~To~Next
Syntax For {expression (starting value)} → {variable (control variable)} To {expression
Function Execution of the statements from For to Next repeats as the control variable
is incremented by 1 with each execution, starting from the starting value.
When the value of the control value reaches the ending value, execution
jumps to the statement following Next. Program execution stops if there is
no statement following Next.
Example For 1
A To 10 : A
→
2
B : B ^ Next
→
g
E-48
For~To~Step~Next
Syntax For {expression (starting value)} → {variable (control variable)} To {expression
Function The statements from While to WhileEnd are repeated while the conditional
expression following While is true (non-zero). When the conditional expression following While becomes false (0), the statement following WhileEnd is executed.
Example ?
→
A To 10 Step 0.5 : A
→
A : While A < 10 : A
2
→
2
^ A+1
B : B ^ Next
A : WhileEnd : A÷2
→
g
Note
If the condition of the While statement is false the first time this command is executed,
execution jumps directly to the statement following WhileEnd without executing the
statements from While to WhileEnd even once.
Program Control Commands
A
Break
Syntax .. : {Then ; Else ; S } Break : ..
Function This command forces a break in a For or While loop, and jumps to the next
command. Normally, this command is used inside of a Then statement inorder to apply a Break condition.
Example ?
Setup Commands
A
These commands function the same way as the calculator’s various setup settings. For
more information, see “Calculator Setup” on page 6.
A : While A > 0 : If A > 2 : Then Break : IfEnd : WhileEnd : A
→
g
^
Important!
With some setup commands, the settings you configure remain in effect even after you
finish running the program.
E-49
Angle Unit Commands
Deg, Rad, Gra (COMP, CMPLX, SD, REG)
Syntax .. : Deg : ..
.. : Rad : ..
.. : Gra : ..
Operation
!,
!,
!,
(SETUP)b(Deg)
(SETUP)c(Rad)
(SETUP)d(Gra)
Function These commands specify the angle unit setting.
Display Format Command
Fix(COMP, CMPLX, SD, REG)
Syntax .. :Fix {
Operation
!,
n
} : .. ( n = an integer from 0 to 9)
(SETUP)
e
(Fix) a to
b
j
Function This command fixes the number of decimal places (from 0 to 9) for output of
calculation results.
Sci (COMP, CMPLX, SD, REG)
Syntax .. : Sci {
Operation
!,
n
} : .. ( n = an integer from 0 to 9)
(SETUP)
e
(Sci) a to
c
j
Function This command fixes the number of significant digits (from 1 to 10) for output
of calculation results.
Pressing
!,
(SETUP)
e
(Sci) and then a specifies 10 significant
c
digits.
Norm (COMP, CMPLX, SD, REG)
Syntax .. : Norm {1 ; 2} : ..
Operation
!,
(SETUP)
e
(Norm) b or
d
c
Function This command specifies either Norm1 or Norm2 for output of calculation
(Re ⇔ Im)) while a complex number calculation result is
(CLR) c(Setup) w)
j
!
E-52
Appendix
Calculation Priority Sequence
k
The calculator performs calculations you input in accordance with the priority sequence shown
below.
• Basically, calculations are performed from left to right.
• Calculations enclosed in parentheses are given priority.
SequenceOperation TypeDescription
1Parenthetical Functions
Pol(, Rec(, ∫(,
–1
(, sinh(, cosh(, tanh(, sinh
tan
–1
tanhConjg(, Not(, Neg(, Rnd(
(, log(, ln(, e^(, 10^(, '(, 3'(, arg(, Abs(,
(, sin(, cos(, tan(, sin
d/dx
–1
(, cosh
–1
–1
(, cos
(,
–1
(,
x
'(
,
c
, m
1
nCr
–1
, x!, ° ´ ˝, °, r, g
2
, variables (2 π, 5A, πA, 2
e
, etc.),
i
2Functions Preceded by Values
Power, Power Root
Percent
3Fractions
4Prefix Symbols(–) (minus sign)
5Statistical Estimated Value
Calculations
6Omitted Multiplication SignMultiplication sign can be omitted immediately
7Permutation, Combination
Complex Number Symbol
8Multiplication, Division×, ÷
9Addition, Subtraction+, −
2, x3, x
x
^(, %
b /
a
d, h, b, o (number base symbol)
, n, m
m
before π, parenthetical functions (2'(3), Asin(30), etc.)
and prefix symbols (except for the minus sign).
n
r
P
∠
10Relational Operators=, ≠, >, <, >,
11Logical Productand
12Logical Sum, Exclusive Logical
Sum, Exclusive Negative Logical Sum
Note
• If a calculation contains a negative value, you may need to enclose the negative value in
parentheses. If you want to square the value –2, for example, you need to input: (–2)
2
because
the negative sign, which is a prefix symbol (Priority 4).
-cxw
is a function preceded by a value (Priority 2, above), whose priority is greater than
x
2
–2
= –4
or, xor, xnor
(-c)
<
xw
(–2)2 = 4
2
. This is
E-53
• As shown in the examples below, multiplication where the sign is omitted is given higher priority
than signed multiplication and division.
1 ÷ 2
1 ÷ 2 ×
1
=
π
= 0.159154943
π
2
1
=
π
= 1.570796327
π
2
Calculation Ranges, Number of Digits, and Precision
k
The following table shows the general calculation range (value input and output range), number of
digits used for internal calculations, and calculation precision.
Calculation Range±1×10
Internal Calculation15 digits
In general, ±1 at the 10th digit for a single calculation. Error in the
Precision
Function Calculation Input Ranges and Precision
A
FunctionsInput Range
DEG0 <|x| < 9×10
sin
cos
tan
sin
cos
tan
–1
–1
–1
x
x
x
x
x
x
RAD0 <|x| < 157079632.7
GRA0 <|
DEGSame as sinx, except when |x| = (2n–1)×90.
RADSame as sin
GRASame as sin
0 <|x|< 1
0 <|x|< 9.999999999×10
case of a calculation result in exponential format is ±1 at the leastsignificant digits of the mantissa. Errors are cumulative in the case of
consecutive calculations.
–99
| < 1×10
x
to ±9.999999999×10
9
10
, except when |x| = (2n–1)×π/2.
x
, except when |x| = (2n–1)×100.
x
99
99
or 0
sinh
cosh
–1
sinh
–1
cosh
tanh
–1
tanh
logx/ln
x
10
x
e
x
0 <|x|< 230.2585092
x
x
x
x
x
x
0 <|x|< 4.999999999×10
1 <x< 4.999999999×10
0 < | x | < 9.999999999×10
0 < | x | < 9.999999999×10
0 < x < 9.999999999×10
–9.999999999×1099 < x < 99.99999999
–9.999999999×1099 < x < 230.2585092
99
99
99
–1
99
E-54
FunctionsInput Range
'
x
2
x
1/
x
3
'
x
!0
x
nPr
nCr
Pol(x, y)
Rec(r, θ)
°’ ”
0 < x < 1×10
| < 1×10
|
x
| < 1×10
|
x
| < 1×10
|
x
x < 69 (x is an integer)
<
0 < n < 1×1010, 0 < r < n (n, r are integers)
1 < {
0 <n < 1×1010, 0 <r<n (n, r are integers)1 <
|
0 <
θ
|
0 <
|
Decimal ↔ Sexagesimal Conversions
!/(n–r)!} < 1×10
n
n!/r
|, |y|< 9.999999999×10
x
2
2
+
x
: Same as sin
a
< 9.999999999×10
y
< 9.999999999×10
r
|, b, c < 1×10
b, c
| < 1×10
x
100
50
100
; x G 0
100
! < 1×10
100
100
100
or 1 <n!/(n–r)! < 1×10
99
99
99
x
100
100
0°0´0˝<|x|< 9999999°59´59
> 0: –1×10
x
= 0: y > 0
y
^(
)
x
x
'
y
b/
a
c
y
• ^(
result in accumulation of errors that occur within each individual calculation.
• Errors are cumulative and tend to be large in the vicinity of a function’s singular point and
inflection point.
x
),
x
'
y
,
x
< 0: y = n,
x
However: –1×10
> 0: xG 0, –1×10
y
= 0:
yy
However: –1×10
Total of integer, numerator, and denominator must be 10 digits or less (including
separtor symbols).
3
,
'
x
< 0:
x
!, n P r , n C r type functions require consecutive internal calculation, which can
x
100
m
2n+1
> 0= 2n+1,
< ylog x < 100
(
m, n
100
< ylog |x| < 100
100
< 1/xlogy < 100
2n+1
m
100
(mG 0; m, n are integers)
< 1/xlog |y| < 100
˝
are integers)
Error Messages
k
An error message will appear on the screen if you perform a
calculation that causes a calculator’s limit to be exceeded, or if you
try to perform some operation that is not allowed.
E-55
Mat h ERROR
Sample Error Message
Recovering from an Error Message
A
You can recover from an error message by performing the key operations described below,
regardless of the error type.
• Press d or e to display the editing screen for the calculation expression you input immediately
before the error occurred, with the cursor positioned at the location that caused the error. For
more information, see “Finding the Location of an Error” on page 10.
• Pressing A will clear the calculation expression you input immediately before the error occurred.
Note that a calculation expression that causes an error will not be included in calculation history.
Error Message Reference
A
This section lists all of the error messages that the calculator displays, as well as their causes and
what you need to do to avoid them.
Math ERROR
Cause• An intermediate or the final result of the calculation falls outside of the
allowable calculation range.
• An input value is outside the allowable input range.
• You are trying to perform an illegal mathematical operation (such as division by zero).
Action• Check your input values and reduce the number of digits, if required.
• When using independent memory or a variable as the argument of a function, make sure that the memory or variable value is within the allowable range for the function.
For information about the allowable value input range, see “Calculation Ranges, Number of Digits,
and Precision” on page 54.
Stack ERROR
CauseThe calculation has causes the capacity of the numeric stack or the
command stack to be exceeded.
Action• Simplify the calculation expression so it does not exceed the capacity of
the stacks.
• Try splitting the calculation into two or more parts.
Syntax ERROR
CauseThe calculation has a format problem.
ActionCheck the syntax and make the required corrections.
Argument ERROR
CauseThe calculation has a problem with how an argument being used.
ActionCheck how arguments are being used and make the required corrections.
E-56
Time Out Error
CauseThe current differential or integration calculation ends without the ending
condition being fulfi lled.
Action
Data Full
CauseYou are attempting to store sample data in the SD Mode or REG Mode
ActionKeep the number of data samples within the allowable limit. For more
Go ERROR
Cause
Action
Before assuming malfunction of the calculator...
k
Differential or integration calculation: Try increasing the
this also decreases solution precision.
when the allowable number of data samples are already stored in memory.
information, see “Maximum Number of Input Data Items” on page 29.
A program (that you created in the PRGM Mode) has a “Goto without a corresponding “Lbl
Either add a “Lbl
” command.
n
” for the “Goto n” command, or delete the applicable “Goto
n
” label.
n
value. Note that
tol
” command
n
Perform the following steps whenever an error occurs during a calculation or when calculation
results are not what you expected. If one step does not correct the problem, move on to the next
step. Note that you should make copies of important copies of important data before performing
these steps.
Check the calculation expression to make sure it does not include any errors.
1
Make sure that you are using the correct mode for the type of calculation you are trying to
2
perform.
If the above steps do not restore normal operation, press the p key. The calculator will perform
3
a self-check of its status as it starts up. If the calculator discovers a problem, it will return its
calculation mode and setup to their initial defaults, and clear all data currently in memory.
If step 3 does not restore normal operation, initialize all modes and settings by pressing
4
!
(CLR) c(Setup) w.
j
Power Requirements
Replacing the Battery
A
Dim figures on the display of the calculator indicate that battery power is low. Continued
use of the calculator when the battery is low can result in improper operation. Replace the
battery as soon as possible when display figures become dim. Even if the calculator is
operating normally, replace the battery at least once every three years.
Important!
Removing the battery will cause all of the calculator’s memory contents to be deleted.
E-57
1. Press
• To ensure that you do not accidentally turn on power while replacing the battery, slide
1A
the hard case onto the front of the calculator.
(OFF) to turn off the calculator.
2. Remove the cover as shown in the illustration and replace the
battery, taking care that its plus (+) and minus (–) ends are facing
correctly.
3. Replace the cover.
4. Initialize the calculator:
• Do not skip the above step!
Auto Power Off
A
O1
(CLR)3(All)
9
w
(Yes)
Screw
Your calculator will turn off automatically if you do not perform any operation for about 10
minutes. If this happens, press the p key to turn the calculator back on.
Specifications
Power Requirements:
Solar Cell: Built into front of calculator (fixed)Button Battery: LR44 (GPA76) × 1
Approximate Battery Life:
3 years (based on 1 hour of operation per day)
Operating Temperature: 0˚C to 40˚C (32˚F to 104˚F)
Dimensions:11.1 (H) × 80 (W) × 162 (D) mm
Approximate Weight: 95 g (3.4 oz) including the battery
Bundled Accessories: Hard Case
3
/8" (H) × 31/8" (W) × 63/8" (D)
E-58
Manufacturer:
CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD.6-2, Hon-machi 1-chome Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8543, Japan
Responsible within the European Union:CASIO EUROPE GmbHCasio-Platz 1 22848 Norderstedt, Germany