Casio fx-100AU PLUS Owner's Manual

E

fx-100AU PLUS

User’s Guide

CASIO Worldwide Education Website

http://edu.casio.com

CASIO EDUCATIONAL FORUM

http://edu.casio.com/forum/

RJA528037-001V01

Contents

Important Information ............................................................. 2

Sample Operations .................................................................. 2

Initializing the Calculator ........................................................ 2

Safety Precautions .................................................................. 2

Handling Precautions .............................................................. 2

Removing the Hard Case ........................................................ 3

Turning Power On and Off ...................................................... 3

Adjusting Display Contrast .................................................... 3

Key Markings ........................................................................... 3

Reading the Display ................................................................ 4

Using Menus ............................................................................ 5

Specifying the Calculation Mode ........................................... 5

Configuring the Calculator Setup .......................................... 5

Inputting Expressions and Values ......................................... 7

Toggling Calculation Results ............................................... 10

Basic Calculations ................................................................ 10

Prime Factorization ............................................................... 14

Function Calculations ........................................................... 15

Complex Number Calculations (CMPLX) ............................ 18

Statistical Calculations (STAT) ............................................. 19

Base-

Using VERIFY (VERIF) ........................................................... 25

Vector Calculations (VECTOR) ............................................. 26

Metric Conversion ................................................................. 29

Calculation Ranges, Number of Digits,

and Precision ......................................................................... 30

Errors ...................................................................................... 32

Before Assuming Malfunction of the Calculator... ............. 33

Replacing the Battery ............................................................ 33

n Calculations (BASE-N) ............................................. 23

Specifications ........................................................................ 34

Frequently Asked Questions ................................................ 34

E-1

Important Information

• The displays and illustrations (such as key markings) shown in this User’s
Guide are for illustrative purposes only, and may differ somewhat from the
actual items they represent.

• The contents of this manual are subject to change without notice.

• In no event shall CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. be liable to anyone for special,
collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or
arising out of the purchase or use of this product and items that come with
it. Moreover, CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. shall not be liable for any claim of
any kind whatsoever by any other party arising out of the use of this product
and the items that come with it.

• Be sure to keep all user documentation handy for future reference.

Sample Operations

Sample operations in this manual are indicated by a icon. Unless
specifically stated, all sample operations assume that the calculator is in its
initial default setup. Use the procedure under “Initializing the Calculator” to
return the calculator to its initial default setup.

For information about the B, b, v, and V marks that are shown
in the sample operations, see “Configuring the Calculator Setup”.

Initializing the Calculator

Perform the following procedure when you want to initialize the calculator and
return the calculation mode and setup to their initial default settings. Note that
this operation also clears all data currently in calculator memory.

!9(CLR) 3(All) =(Yes)

Safety Precautions

Battery

• Keep batteries out of the reach of small children.

• Use only the type of battery specified for this calculator in this manual.

Handling Precautions

• Even if the calculator is operating normally, replace the battery at least
once every two years.

A dead battery can leak, causing damage to and malfunction of the

calculator. Never leave a dead battery in the calculator.

• The battery that comes with the calculator discharges slightly during

shipment and storage. Because of this, it may require replacement
sooner than the normal expected battery life.

• Do not use an oxyride battery* or any other type of nickel-based
primary battery with this product. Incompatibility between such
batteries and product specifications can result in shorter battery life
and product malfunction.

• Avoid use and storage of the calculator in areas subjected to
temperature extremes, and large amounts of humidity and dust.

• Do not subject the calculator to excessive impact, pressure, or
bending.

E-2

• Never try to take the calculator apart.

• Use a soft, dry cloth to clean the exterior of the calculator.

• Whenever discarding the calculator or batteries, be sure to do so in
accordance with the laws and regulations in your particular area.

* Company and product names used in this manual may be registered

trademarks or trademarks of their respective owners.

Removing the Hard Case

Before using the calculator, slide its hard
case downwards to remove it, and then affix
the hard case to the back of the calculator as
shown in the illustration nearby.

Turning Power On and Off

Press O to turn on the calculator.
Press 1A(OFF) to turn off the calculator.

Auto Power Off

Your calculator will turn off automatically if you do not perform any operation
for about 10 minutes. If this happens, press the O key to turn the calculator
back on.

Adjusting Display Contrast

Display the CONTRAST screen by performing the following key operation:
1N(SETUP)c6(]CONT' ). Next, use d and e to adjust
contrast. After the setting is the way you want, press A.

Important: If adjusting display contrast does not improve display readability,
it probably means that battery power is low. Replace the battery.

Key Markings

Alternate function

Pressing the 1 or S key followed by a second
key performs the alternate function of the second key.
The alternate function is indicated by the text printed
above the key.
The following shows what the different colors of the
alternate function key text mean.

Alternate function

–1

–1

sin

D

sin

D

s

s

Keycap function

Keycap function

If key marking text
is this color:

Yellow

Red

Purple (or enclosed
in purple brackets)

Green (or enclosed in
green brackets)

It means this:

Press 1 and then the key to access the
applicable function.

Press S and then the key to input the
applicable variable, constant, or symbol.

Enter the CMPLX Mode to access the function.

Enter the BASE-N Mode to access the function.

E-3

Reading the Display

The display of the calculator shows expressions you input, calculation results,
and various indicators.

Input expression Indicators

Math

Calculation result

• If a ' indicator appears on the right side of the calculation result, it means
the displayed calculation result continues to the right. Use e and d to
scroll the calculation result display.

• If a g indicator appears on the right side of the input expression, it means
the displayed calculation continues to the right. Use e and d to scroll the
input expression display. Note that if you want to scroll the input expression
while both the ' and g indicators are displayed, you will need to press A
first and then use e and d to scroll.

Display indicators

Math

Math

Math

This
indicator:

S

A

M

STO

RCL

STAT

CMPLX

VCT

Means this:

The keypad has been shifted by pressing the 1 key. The
keypad will unshift and this indicator will disappear when
you press a key.

The alpha input mode has been entered by pressing the
S key. The alpha input mode will be exited and this
indicator will disappear when you press a key.

There is a value stored in independent memory.

The calculator is standing by for input of a variable name to
assign a value to the variable. This indicator appears after
you press 1t(STO).

The calculator is standing by for input of a variable name to
recall the variable’s value. This indicator appears after you
press t.

The calculator is in the STAT Mode.

The calculator is in the CMPLX Mode.

The calculator is in the VECTOR Mode.

7

8

9

FIX

SCI

Math

$`

The default angle unit is degrees.

The default angle unit is radians.

The default angle unit is grads.

A fixed number of decimal places is in effect.

A fixed number of significant digits is in effect.

Natural Display is selected as the display format.

Calculation history memory data is available and can be
replayed, or there is more data above/below the current
screen.

E-4

Disp

Important: For some type of calculation that takes a long time to execute,

the display may show only the above indicators (without any value) while it
performs the calculation internally.

The display currently shows an intermediate result of a
multi-statement calculation.

Using Menus

Some of the calculator’s operations are performed using menus. Pressing
N or w, for example, will display a menu of applicable functions.
The following are the operations you should use to navigate between
menus.

• You can select a menu item by pressing the number key that corresponds
to the number to its left on the menu screen.

• The $ indicator in the upper right corner of a menu means there is another
menu below the current one. The ` indicator means another menu above.
Use c and f to switch between menus.

• To close a menu without selecting anything, press A.

Specifying the Calculation Mode

When you want to perform this type of
operation:

General calculations

Complex number calculations

Statistical and regression calculations

Calculations involving specific number
systems (binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal)

Verify a calculation

Vector calculations

Note: The initial default calculation mode is the COMP Mode.

Perform this key
operation:

N1(COMP)
N2(CMPLX)
N3(STAT)

N4(BASE-N)

N5(VERIF)
N6(VECTOR)

Configuring the Calculator Setup

First perform the following key operation to display the setup menu:
1N(SETUP). Next, use c and f and the number keys to configure
the settings you want.
Underlined ( ___ ) settings are initial defaults.

1MthIO 2LineIO Specifies the display format.
Natural Display (MthIO) causes fractions,

irrational numbers, and other expressions to be
displayed as they are written on paper.

MthIO: Selects MathO or LineO. MathO displays
input and calculation results using the same format as they are written on
paper. LineO displays input the same way as MathO, but calculation results
are displayed in linear format.

Linear Display (LineIO) causes fractions and
other expressions to be displayed in a single
line.

MathMath

E-5

Note: • The calculator switches to Linear Display automatically whenever
you enter the STAT, BASE-N, or VECTOR Mode. • In this manual, the B
symbol next to a sample operation indicates Natural Display (LineO), while
the b symbol indicates Linear Display.

3Deg 4Rad 5Gra Specifies degrees, radians or grads as the angle
unit for value input and calculation result display.

Note: In this manual, the v symbol next to a sample operation indicates
degrees, while the V symbol indicates radians.

6Fix 7Sci 8Norm Specifies the number of digits for display of a
calculation result.
Fix: The value you specify (from 0 to 9) controls the number of decimal
places for displayed calculation results. Calculation results are rounded off
to the specified digit before being displayed.

Example: b 100 ÷ 7 = 14.286 (Fix 3)

14.29 (Fix 2)

Sci: The value you specify (from 1 to 10) controls the number of significant
digits for displayed calculation results. Calculation results are rounded off to
the specified digit before being displayed.

–1

Example: b 1 ÷ 7 = 1.4286 × 10

1.429 × 10

(Sci 5)

–1

(Sci 4)

Norm: Selecting one of the two available settings (Norm 1, Norm 2)
determines the range in which results will be displayed in non-exponential
format. Outside the specified range, results are displayed using exponential
format.

–2

Norm 1: 10

 | x |, | x |  10

Example: b 1 ÷ 200 = 5 × 10

10

Norm 2: 10

–3

(Norm 1)

–9

 | x |, | x |  10

10

0.005 (Norm 2)

c1ab/c c2 d/c Specifies either mixed fraction (ab/c) or improper
fraction (d/c) for display of fractions in calculation results.

c3CMPLX 1a+b

a+bi) or polar coordinates (r∠) for CMPLX Mode calculations.

(

i ; 2r∠ Specifies either rectangular coordinates

c4STAT 1ON ; 2OFF Specifies whether or not to display a FREQ
(frequency) column in the STAT Mode Stat Editor.

c5Disp 1Dot ; 2Comma Specifies whether to display a dot or
a comma for the calculation result decimal point. A dot is always displayed
during input.

Note: When dot is selected as the decimal point, the separator for multiple
results is a comma (,). When comma is selected, the separator is a
semicolon (;).

c6]CONT ' Adjusts display contrast. See “Adjusting Display
Contrast” for details.

Initializing Calculator Settings

Perform the following procedure to initialize the calculator, which returns the
calculation mode to COMP and returns all other settings, including setup
menu settings, to their initial defaults.

19(CLR) 1(Setup) =(Yes)

E-6

Inputting Expressions and Values

Basic Input Rules

Calculations can be input in the same form as they are written. When you
press = the priority sequence of the input calculation will be evaluated
automatically and the result will appear on the display.

4 × sin30 × (30 + 10 × 3) = 120
4 *s 30 )*( 30 + 10 * 3 )=

*
*

1

2

*

3

MathMath

* 1 Input of the closing parenthesis is required for sin, sinh, and other functions

that include parentheses.

2

These multiplication symbols ( × ) can be omitted. A multiplication symbol

*

can be omitted when it occurs immediately before an opening parenthesis,
immediately before sin or other function that includes parentheses,
immediately before the Ran# (random number) function, or immediately
before a variable (A, B, C, D, E, F, M, X, Y), π or

3

The closing parenthesis immediately before the = operation can be

*

e .

omitted.

2

Input example omitting **
example.

and )* 3 operations in the above

MathMath

4 s 30 )( 30 + 10 * 3 =

Important: If you execute a calculation that includes both division and
multiplication operations in which a multiplication sign has been omitted,
parentheses will be inserted automatically as shown in the examples below.

• When a multiplication sign is omitted immediately before an open
parenthesis or after a closed parenthesis.

6 ÷ 2 (1 + 2) p 6 ÷ (2 (1 + 2)) 6 ÷ A (1 + 2) p 6 ÷ (A (1 + 2))
1 ÷ (2 + 3) sin(30) p 1 ÷ ((2 + 3) sin(30))

• When a multiplication sign is omitted immediately before a variable, a
constant, etc.

6 ÷ 2π p 6 ÷ (2π)

2 ÷ 2'2 p 2 ÷ (2'2)

4π ÷ 2π p 4π ÷ (2π)

• When inputting a function that uses commas (such as Pol, Rec, and
RanInt#), be sure to input the closed parentheses required by the
expression. If you do not input closed parentheses, parentheses may not
be inserted automatically as described above.

Important: If you execute a calculation in which a multiplication sign has been
omitted immediately before a fraction (including mixed fractions), parentheses
will be inserted automatically as shown in the examples below.

1

2 ×

' 1 c 3 dddd 2

: B

3

MathMath

MathMath

=

E-7

sin(30) ×

4

: B

5

MathMath

' 4 c 5 dddds 30 )

MathMath

=

Note: • If the calculation becomes longer than the screen width during
input, the screen will scroll automatically to the right and the ] indicator will
appear on the display. When this happens, you can scroll back to the left by
using d and e to move the cursor. • When Linear Display is selected,
pressing f will cause the cursor to jump to the beginning of the calculation,
while c will jump to the end. • When Natural Display is selected, pressing
e while the cursor is at the end of the input calculation will cause it to jump
to the beginning, while pressing d while the cursor is at the beginning will
cause it to jump to the end. • You can input up to 99 bytes for a calculation.
Each numeral, symbol, or function normally uses one byte. Some functions
require three to 13 bytes. • The cursor will change shape to k when there are
10 bytes or less of allowed input remaining. If this happens, end calculation
input and then press =.

Calculation Priority Sequence

The priority sequence of input calculations is evaluated in accordance with the
rules below. When the priority of two expressions is the same, the calculation
is performed from left to right.

1st

2nd

3rd

4th

5th

6th

Parenthetical expressions

Functions that require an argument to the right and a closing
parenthesis “)” following the argument.

Functions that come after the input value (
%), powers (

x ^), roots ( ")

2

x

, x 3 , x

–1

, x !, °’ ”, °, r , g ,

Fractions
Negative sign (–), base-n symbols (d, h, b, o)

Note: When squaring a negative value (such as –2), the value
being squared must be enclosed in parentheses ( (- 2 )w
=). Since

2

x

has a higher priority than the negative sign,

inputting - 2 w= would result in the squaring of 2 and then
appending a negative sign to the result. Always keep the priority
sequence in mind, and enclose negative values in parentheses
when required.

Metric conversion commands (cm ' in, etc.),
STAT Mode estimated values ( m, n, m

, m2 )

1

7th Multiplication where the multiplication sign is omitted

8th

Permutation ( n P r ), combination ( n C r ) , complex number polar
coordinate symbol ( ∠ )

9th Dot product ( • )

10th

Multiplication, division ( × , ÷)

11th Addition, subtraction (+, –)

12th Logical AND (and)

13th Logical OR, XOR, XNOR (or, xor, xnor)

E-8

Inputting with Natural Display

'

'

Selecting Natural Display makes it possible to input and display fractions

2

x

and certain functions (

, x 3 , x ^, ), #, ", x

are written in your textbook.

−1

, 10^, e^, Abs) just as they

2 + '2
1 + '2

B

MathMath

' 2 +! 2 ee 1 +! 2 =

Important: • Certain types of expressions can cause the height of a
calculation formula to be greater than one display line. The maximum
allowable height of a calculation formula is two display screens (31 dots × 2).
Further input will become impossible if the height of the calculation you are
inputting exceeds the allowable limit. • Nesting of functions and parentheses
is allowed. Further input will become impossible if you nest too many functions
and/or parentheses. If this happens, divide the calculation into multiple parts
and calculate each part separately.

Note: When you press = and obtain a calculation result using Natural
Display, part of the expression you input may be cut off. If you need to view
the entire input expression again, press A and then use d and e to
scroll the input expression.

Using Values and Expressions as Arguments
(Natural Display only)

A value or an expression that you have already input can be used as the

argument of a function. After you have input
it the argument of ', resulting in

7

6

7

, for example, you can make

6

.

To input 1 +

7

and then change it to 1 +

6

7

B

6

MathMath

1 + 7 ' 6

MathMath

dddd1Y(INS)

MathMath

!

As shown above, the value or expression to the right of the cursor after
1Y(INS) are pressed becomes the argument of the function that is
specified next. The range encompassed as the argument is everything up
to the first open parenthesis to the right, if there is one, or everything up to
the first function to the right (sin(30), log(4), etc.)
This capability can be used with the following functions: ', 16("),
1l($), 1i(%), !, 6, 1!(#), D.

E-9

Overwrite Input Mode (Linear Display only)

You can select either insert or overwrite as the input mode, but only while
Linear Display is selected. In the overwrite mode, text you input replaces the
text at the current cursor location. You can toggle between the insert and
overwrite modes by performing the operations: 1Y(INS). The cursor
appears as “

Note: Natural Display always uses the insert mode, so changing display
format from Linear Display to Natural Display will automatically switch to
the insert mode.

I ” in the insert mode and as “ ” in the overwrite mode.

Correcting and Clearing an Expression

To delete a single character or function: Move the cursor so it is directly to

the right of the character or function you want to delete, and then press Y.
In the overwrite mode, move the cursor so it is directly under the character
or function you want to delete, and then press Y.
To insert a character or function into a calculation: Use d and e to
move the cursor to the location where you want to insert the character or
function and then input it. Be sure always to use the insert mode if Linear
Display is selected.
To clear all of the calculation you are inputting: Press A.

Toggling Calculation Results

Each press of f will toggle the currently displayed calculation result between
its decimal form and fraction form.

1

1 ÷ 5 =

1 / 5 =

1 ÷ 5 = 0.2 =

1 / 5 =

1 –

5

1 - 4 ' 5 =

Important: • With certain calculation results, pressing the f key will not
convert the displayed value. • You cannot switch from decimal form to
mixed fraction form if the total number of digits used in the mixed fraction
(including integer, numerator, denominator, and separator symbols) is
greater than 10.

Note: With Natural Display (MathO), pressing 1= instead of = after
inputting a calculation will display the calculation result in decimal form.

= 0.2 B

5

4

1

=

= 0.2 b

5

1

b

5

0.2

0.2

1 {5

f

1 {5

f

0.2

f

1
5

Basic Calculations

Fraction Calculations

Note that the input method for fractions is different, depending upon whether
you are using Natural Display or Linear Display.

E-10

2 + 1 = 7
3 2 6

B 2 ' 3 e+ 1 ' 2 =

7

6

or ' 2 c 3 e+' 1 c 2 =

7

6

b 2 ' 3 + 1 ' 2 = 7{6

4 − 3

b 4 - 3 ' 1 ' 2 = 1 {2

1 = 1
2 2

B 4 -1'(() 3 e 1 c 2 =

1
2

Note: • Mixing fractions and decimal values in a calculation while Linear

Display is selected will cause the result to be displayed as a decimal value.

• Fractions in calculation results are displayed after being reduced to their

lowest terms.

To switch a calculation result between improper fraction and mixed
fraction form: Perform the following key operation: 1f(

To switch a calculation result between fraction and decimal form:
Press f.

<

)

Percent Calculations

Inputting a value and pressing 1((%) causes the input value to become
a percent.

150 × 20% = 30 150 * 20 1((%) = 30

Calculate what percentage of 880 is 660. (75%)
660 / 880 1((%) =

Increase 2500 by 15%. (2875)
2500 + 2500 * 15 1((%) =

Discount 3500 by 25%. (2625)
3500 - 3500 * 25 1((%) =

75

2875

2625

Degree, Minute, Second (Sexagesimal) Calculations

Performing an addition or subtraction operation between sexagesimal values,
or a multiplication or division operation between a sexagesimal value and a
decimal value will cause the result to be displayed as a sexagesimal value.
You also can convert between sexagesimal and decimal. The following
is the input format for a sexagesimal value: {degrees} $ {minutes} $
{seconds} $.

Note: You must always input something for the degrees and minutes, even
if they are zero.

2°20´30˝ + 39´30˝ = 3°00´00˝
2 $ 20 $ 30 $+ 0 $ 39 $ 30 $=

Convert 2°15´18˝ to its decimal equivalent.
2 $ 15 $ 18 $=
(Converts sexagesimal to decimal.) $ 2.255
(Converts decimal to sexagesimal.) $ 2°15´18˝

3°0´0˝

2°15´18˝

E-11