Avision DF-0902H User Manual

High Speed Document Scanner

User's Manual

Regulatory model: DF-0902H

Avision Inc.

Trademarks
Microsoft is a U.S. registered trademark of Microsoft

Corporation.
Windows and MS-DOS are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
IBM, IBM PC are registered trademarks of International Business
Machines Corp.
ENERGY STAR

®

is a U.S. registered mark.
Other brands and product names herein are trademarks or
registered trademarks of their respective holders.

Copyright

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval
system, or translated into any language or computer language,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic,
optical, chemical, manual, or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of Avision Inc.

Material scanned by this product may be protected by
governmental laws and other regulations, such as copyright
laws, the customer is solely responsible for comply ing with all
such laws and regulations.

Warranty
The information contained in this document is subject to

change without notice.
Avision makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this

material, including, but not limit ed to, the implied warranties
of fitness for a particular purpose.

Avision shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for
incidental or consequential damages in connection with the
furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

ii

User’s Manual

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) compliance
information statement
Part 15

The product has been tested and found to comply with the
limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC
Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1)
this device may not cause harmful interference and (2) this
device must accept any interference received including
interference that may cause undesired operation.

The FCC Class A limits are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference when the equipment is
operated in a commercial environment. This equipment
generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if
not installed and used in accordance with the instruction
manual may cause harmful interference in which case the user
will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

CE

Warning

This is a class A product. In a domestic environment this
product may cause radio interference in which case the user
may be required to take adequate measures.

iii

Disposal of Waste Equipment

This symbol on the product or on its packaging indicates that
the product can not be disposed of with your other household
waste. Instead it should be sent to appropriate facilities for
recovery and recycling in an effort to protect human health and
the environment. For more information about where you can
drop off your waste equipment for recycling, please contact
your local city office, your household waste disposal service or
the shop where you purchased the product.

As an ENERGY STAR

®

Partner, Avision Inc. has
determined that this product meets the ENERGY
STAR guidelines for energy efficiency.

System Requirements

• IBM compatible PC 586, Pentium or higher

• Microsoft Windows 2000/XP

• High speed USB 2.0 port (compatible with USB 1.1)

• 100M bytes of available hard disk space for installation;

• 128M bytes of RAM

• A CD-ROM drive

iv

User’s Manual

Table of Contents

1. Introduction..............................................1-1

2. Installation ...............................................2-2

2.1 Unlocking the Shipping switch......................2-2

2.1.1 Unlocking the scanner ......................2-3

2.1.2 Locking the Shipping switch...............2-4

2.2 ADF Paper Chute........................................2-5

2.3 ADF Output Tray........................................2-6

2.4 Connecting the Cables ................................2-7

2.4.1 Connecting to Power.........................2-7

2.5 Installing the Software................................2-7

2.6 Connecting to Computer..............................2-8

3. Completing Your First Scan .......................3-1

3.1 Document Loading .....................................3-1

3.2 ADF Scanning............................................3-2

3.3 Verifying Your Scanner Installation ...............3-3

3.3.1 A Glance of the Scanner Properties

Dialog Box ......................................3-7

4. Using the Scanner Properties Dialog Box ..4-1

4.1 Buttons on the Scanner Properties Dialog Box 4-2

4.2 The Image Tab ..........................................4-4

4.2.1 The Image Selection Box...................4-5

4.2.2 Other Image Options........................4-8

4.2.3 Scanning color images.................... 4-17

4.2.4 Scanning grayscale images.............. 4-18

4.2.5 Scanning B&W images.................... 4-18

4.2.6 Editing Profiles............................... 4-19

4.3 The Compression Tab ............................... 4-22

4.4 The Color Dropout Tab.............................. 4-24

4.4.1 Color Dropout Selection .................. 4-24

4.4.2 Other Color Dropout Options............ 4-25

v

vi

4.5

The Paper Tab ......................................... 4-27

4.5.1 Cropping ..................................... 4-28

4.5.2 Other Paper Selection ................. 4-31

4.5.3 Relative to Document.................. 4-37

4.6 The Preview Tab ...................................... 4-40

4.7 The Options Tab....................................... 4-41

4.8 The Setting Tab ....................................... 4-46

4.9 The Information Tab................................. 4-49

5. ISIS Interface Operation...........................5-1

6. Maintenance..............................................6-1

6.1 Cleaning the ADF .......................................6-1

6.2 Cleaning the Glass......................................6-3

6.3 Replacing the ADF snap-in pad module..........6-4

6.4 Replacing the ADF Paper Feed Roller.............6-6

7. Trouble shooting.......................................7-1

7.1 Question and Answer..................................7-1

7.2 Paper Jam in the ADF .................................7-5

8. Technical Service ......................................8-1

9. Specifications............................................9-1

Index .................................................................. a

User’s Manual

1. Introduction

Congratulations on your purchase of the document
scanner.

Before you install and operate the scanner, please take a
few minutes to read through this manual. It provides
you with the proper instructions on how to unpack,
install, operate and maintain the scanner.

Figure 1-1 shows how the scanner is packed. You can
check all items against your “checklist”, included with
your scanner.

3

4

1

5

1. Scanner main unit

2. Power adapter

3. Power cord

4. USB cable

5. User’s manual/CD

Figure 1-1 Scanner Packaging

Note: When you unpack the scanner, retain the packing
material and shipping box in case you may transport the
scanner in the future.

1-1

2. Installation

Please unpack the scanner carefully, and check the
contents against the checklist. If any items are missing or
damaged, please contact your authorized local dealer
immediately.

Precautions

• Keep the scanner out of direct sunlight. Direct
exposure to the sun or excessive heat may cause
damage to the unit.

• Do not install the scanner in a humid or dusty place.

• Use only the AC adapter (

(HEG42-240200-7L by HITRON

/ DA-48M24 by ADP)

) included with the machine. Using
other AC adapters may damage the machine and
void the warranty.

• Place the scanner securely on an even, flat surface.
Tilted or uneven surfaces may cause mechanical or
paper-feeding problems.

• Retain the scanner box and packing materials for
shipping purposes.

2.1 Unlocking the Shipping switch

The scanner has a shipping switch that locks the carrier
mechanism for transportation purposes. This switch must
be unlocked before using the scanner.

Before proceeding, turn the power off, disconnect all cables
and follow the instructions below to unlock the shipping
switch.

2-2

User’s Manual

2.1.1 Unlocking the scanner

1. Carefully place the scanner in an upright position on its

front.

2. Unlock the scanner by moving the lock switch beneath

the scanner to the “Unlock” position (See Figure 2-1).

3. Gently place the scanner back to its normal position.

Figure 2-1 Unlock the Shipping Switch

2-3

2.1.2 Locking the Shipping switch

Whenever you need to move the scanner to a new location
it is advisable to lock the shipping switch to avoid causing
damage to the scanners’ internal mechanism. Please follow
the instructions below to lock the shipping switch.

1). Turn off the scanner.

2). Lift the Document cover to reveal the flatbed glass and

scanning unit.

3). Turn on the scanner.

4). Turn off the scanner again while the scanning unit

moved to the end for a few seconds.

5). Place your scanner in an upright position on its front

side.

6). Lock your scanner by moving the lock switch to the

"Locked position".

7). Place the scanner back to its normal position.

2-4

User’s Manual

2.2 ADF Paper Chute

1. Lift the paper chute to about 45 degrees.

2. Pull the paper-chute wire leg down to the grips on the

document cover.

3. Slightly press the paper chute to snap the wire leg into

the grips on the document cover.

4. Pull out the paper chute extension to the length you

want.

Paper Chute
Extension

ADF Paper Chute

Paper Chute
Wire Legs

Figure 2-3 Install the ADF Unit

2-5

2.3 ADF Output Tray

1. Hold the output paper tray some 30 degrees aslant as

shown in Figure 2-4.

2. Insert the three protrusions on the output paper tray

to the three slots on the ADF.

3. Release the paper tray gently. Make sure the tray is

firmly attached to the ADF.

4. Pull out the output paper tray extension wire to the

desired length.

Output Tray
Extension Wire

Figure 2-4 Install the ADF Output Paper Tray

2-6

User’s Manual

2.4 Connecting the Cables

Make sure the power of scanner is off.

2.4.1 Connecting to Power

Plug the small end of the power adaptor into the power jack
of your scanner. Insert the other end to an appropriate
power outlet.

Power Cable

2.5 Installing the Software

Note:

1). The Windows system CD may be required when

installing on some PC’s.

2). To ensure your computer can identify the USB scanner,

please install scanner driver first before connecting the
scanner to your computer.

1. Place the supplied CD-ROM onto your CD-ROM drive.

2. The software installation graphic appears. If not, run

“setup.exe”.

2-7

3. Choose Install Scanner Driver to install the scanner

driver.

2.6 Connecting to Computer

1. Connect the square end of the USB cable to the USB port

of your scanner. Connect the rectangle end to the USB
port of your computer.

USB Cable

2-8

User’s Manual

2-9

2. The computer should detect a new USB device and

prompt a “New Hardware Found” message.

3. In Windows XP, click the Next button to continue.

When the XP certification screen appears, click
Continue Anyway to complete th e installation.

4. When the Finish dialog is prompted, click the Finish

button.

5. Click “View Manual” to view or print the detailed user

manual for the scanner and bundled applications
respectively.

Note: To uninstall the scanner driver in Windows XP, be

sure to keep your scanner connecting to your computer.

User’s Manual

3. Completing Your First
Scan

3.1 ocument Loading D

For flatbed scanning

Documents that can not be scanned using the ADF can be
placed on the flatbed for scanning. (See Figure 3-1)

1. Place the document to be scanned onto the document
glass face down.

2. Position the document so that the upper-right corner is
aligned with the reference mark.

Figure 3-1 Place Document on the scanner

3-1

3.2 ADF Scanning

Multiple documents can be fed automatically using the ADF.
Refer to Figure 3-2.

1. To prevent occasional paper jam when automatically
feeding multiple documents, fan the paper before loading.

2. Lift the balance wire.

3. Place the documents onto the ADF paper chute in either
paper side (face-down, face-up), with the leading edge in
the auto feeder entrance.

Let the balance wire rest on the top of the documents.

4. Adjust the left and right guides so that they are snug
against the sides of the documents.

Balance Wir

e

Paper
Guide

Figure 3-2 Load Multiple Document

3-2

User’s Manual

3.3 erifying Your Scanner Installation V

To verify if your scanner installation is correct, Avision provides
you a useful test program called Avision Capture Tool. With
this tool, you can perform simple scans and view the captured
images. In addition, it helps you complete your scan at a rated
speed.

The following procedure describes how to verify your scanner
installation. If the installation is not correct, please review the
preceding section to check if the cable connection and scanner
driver have been successfully installed.

Before you begin, be sure the scanner is on.

1. Select Start>Programs>Avision AVxxx Scanner>Avision

Capture Tool.

The Select Scanner Model dialog box will be displayed.

2. Select your driver type and scanner model and click OK.

The following Avision Capture T ool dialog box will be
displayed.

3-3

Fit
Page

Actual
Size

Save File Path

File Format

Setup

Scan

3. Choose your desired file format from the File Format drop

down list box. (Default is BMP, other choice includes TIFF,
GIF, and JPEG.)

4. Type your desired folder name and file name in the File

Path box. (Default is C:\My Scan\Image.)

Note: If you do not wish to save the scanned image,
deselect the Save button since default is Save Enable. In
this case, the thumbnail view will be disabled. And
therefore, after viewing all the scanned images, only the
last one will remain on the screen.

5. Click the Setup button (

) or choose Setup from the

File menu to prompt the Scanner Properties dialog box.

3-4

User’s Manual

Image

Selection

Box

6. From the Image Selection Box, choose your desired image

type for your scanned image. (Default is Front B&W) If
you have a duplex scanner, choose Front and Rear to scan
both sides of your document.

7. Click OK to quit the Scanner Properties dialog box. (To

learn more details about the Scanner Properties dialog box,
please see the subsequent chapter, Using the Scanner
Properties Dialog Box.)

8. Place your document face down on the document glass or

face up in the auto document feeder.

9. In the Scan Validation dialog box, click the Scan button

(

) or choose Scan from the File menu.

10. The document will be scanned and displayed in the Scan

Validation screen. After the scanned images have been
displayed, your scanner installation verification is
completed.

3-5

Status Bar

Fit Page View

Thumbnail View

11. You can view the scanned image in Fit Page (

) or

Actual Size (100%) button (

) from the Viewing toolbars

at the right side.

12. Click the Close box or Quit from the File men u to exit the

Scan Validation Tool.

3-6

User’s Manual

3-7

3.3.1 A Glance of the Scanner Properties Dialog Box

1

2

3
4
5
6

7

8

1. Tab Options Choice: Image, Compression, Color Dropout,

Paper, Options, Settings, Information.

2. Image

Selection Box

Choose your image type and the side of
document you wish to scan. Options vary
based on type of scanner.

3. Brightness: Adjust the brightness level from –100 to +100.

4. Contrast Adjust the contrast level from –100 to +100.

Determine the quality of the scanned image.
The industry standard is 200 dpi.

5. Resolution

6. Invert Reverse the color of your scanned image.

7. Scan Source Choice: Auto Document Feeder, Flatbed,

Flatbed (Book), Automatic (varies due to
different scanner model)

8. Defaults Reset all values on the tabs to the factory

default settings.

User’s Manual

4. Using the Scanner

erties Dialog Box Prop

The Scanner Properties dialog box allows you to configure the
scanner’s settings. It consists of several tabbed windows each
of which will be described in this chapter.

The Scanner Properties dialog box

4-1

4.1 Buttons on the Scanner Properties Dialog Box

The buttons on the Scanner Properties dialog box

Buttons

Description

Defaults Click the Defaults button, the factory default

settings will be shown on each tab.

Scan After all the scan settings are satisfactory, click

the Scan button to start scanning your
document.

Close Click the Close button to leave the Scanner

Properties dialog box.

4-2

User’s Manual

The following table shows the default settings：

Tab name Default settings
Image Image：Front B&W

Binarization：Dynamic Threshold
Resolution：200 dpi
Invert：Blank on White
Scan Source：Auto Document Feeder
Threshold：None
Brightness：None
Contrast：None

Compression None
Color Dropout None
Paper Cropping：Automatic

Deskew：Yes
Orientation：Portrait
OverScan：0.00
Multifeed Detection：None
Unit：Inch

Options Rotation Degrees：None

Blank Page Removal：None
Edge Fill：White，0 mm
Image Control Option：None

Setting Enable Energy Saver：Enable, 15

minutes after last scan action
Show Scanning Progress：Yes

Show Warning Message：Yes
Save Settings after Closing：Yes

4-3

4.2 The Image Tab

The Image tab allows you to choose the front side and (or) the
rear side of your document, the type of image, and to set
several basic scan settings. Note that except for the resolution,
you can set individual scan settings for the front side and the
rear side. For example, all settings in the Image tab,
Compression tab, Color Dropout tab can be set individually for
the front and the rear side. However, the settings in the Paper
tab, the Option tab, and the Setting tab have to be set the
same for the front and rear side.

The Image tab dialog box

4-4

User’s Manual

4.2.1 The Image Selection Box

The Image Selection box includes
the image type and document side
option. If you wish to scan both the
front side and the rear side of your
color document, you can check both
Front Color and Rear Color at the
same time. Note the options vary
based on type of scanner.

Example 1：Scanning a two-sided color document, both

sides in color

Side/Image

Selection

Front

Rear

4-5

Example 2：Scanning a two-sided color document, one
in B&W(Drop Blue Color：Threshold：10, Background：

79), the other in color

Side/Image
Selection

Front

Rear

Image Type Description
Color Choose Color if you wish to scan a color

image for your original in color.

Gray Choose Gray image if your original contains

actual shades of gray.

B&W Choose B&W if your original contains only text

pencil or ink sketch.

B&W Gray Color

4-6

User’s Manual

Front/Rear Auto Color Detection:

Click to automatically detect and scan the front or the rear
page of your color document in color image mode. If your
document is in colors, the scanner will automat ically scan the
document into a color image. If your document is non-color,
you can choose the output to be either B&W or Gray from
the Non-Color Selection option. This option is useful when
you have a mixture of color and non-color document.

Note: If you choose Front Rear Auto Color Detection, you
can not specify the image mode of your rear page and vice
versas.

4-7

4.2.2 Other Image Options

Binarization

This is the process of converting a
grayscale or color image to a bi-tonal
image. There are several different
methods of performing this conversion.

Options: Dynamic Threshold, Fixed
Processing, Halftone 1~5, Error
Diffusion.

Dynamic Threshold: Selecting
Dynamic Threshold allows the scanner

to dynamically evaluate each document
to determine the optimal threshold value
to produce the highest quality image.
This is used to scan mixed document
containing faint text, shaded background,
or color background with a single setting.
If Dynamic Threshold is selected,
Threshold, Brightness, and Contrast are
not available.

Fixed Processing: Used for black-and­white and other high contrast documents.
A single level is set to determine the
black-and-white transition. The threshold
is programmable over the entire density
range. Fixed Processing sets Contrast
to 0. If Fixed Processing is selected,
Contrast is not available.

4-8

User’s Manual

Halftone: In addition to the black and
white display, Halftone can present a
somehow gray shade of image by using
different size of dots. Halftone image looks
like the picture we have seen in the
newspaper. Options include Halftone 1,

Halftone 2, Halftone 3, Halftone 4,
Halftone 5.

Error Diffusion: Error Diffusion is a type

of Halftone. Error Diffusion gives good
image texture and makes text in images
more readable than Halftone.

Halftone Image

Error Diffusion Image

4-9

Threshold Used to convert a grayscale image to a

bi-tonal image. The value ranges from 0 to

255. A low threshold value produces a
lighter image, and can be used to subdue

th es

Threshold sliding bar to the left or right to

red threshol

backgrounds and subtle, unneeded
information. A high

up faint images.
Adjust the threshold se

achieve the desi

reshold value produc

a darker image, and can be used to help pick

tting by dragging the

d setting.

200 dpi,
Threshold:80,
Brightness: 0

200 dpi,
Threshold:170,
Brightness: 0

4-10

User’s Manual

Gray

ocument Type: Choice: Normal, Photo, Document

s o hoose
Gray as the im :
Normal, Photo,

• Documen ns

pure text
optimal se
using Doc

• Photo: C

reproduce
using Pho ed.

• Normal: ness, and

Contrast can be adjusted.

Threshold: The value ranges from 0 to 255. The default is

230. A low threshold value produces a lighter image, and can
be used to subdue backgrounds and subtle, unneeded
information. A high threshold value produces a darker image,
and can be used to help pick up faint images. Adjust the
threshold setting by dragging the Threshold sliding bar to the
left or right to achieve the desired threshold setting.

D

Three option f document type are provided when you c

age type for your scanned document. Choice

Document.

t: Choose Document if your original contai

or a mixture of text and graphic since it is an

tting for regular business document. When

ument, only Threshold can be adjusted.

hoose Photo if your original contains photo to

your photo in vivid grayscale image. When

to, no Threshold and Contrast can be adjust

hen using Normal, Threshold, BrightW

4-11

Normal

Photo

Document
(Threshold: 230)

Normal

Photo

Document
(Threshold: 230)

4-12

User’s Manual

Brightness

Adjusts the lightness or darkness of an
image. The higher the value, the brighter
the image. Drag the slider to the right or
left to increase or decrease the brightness.

The range is from –100 to +100.

Contrast

Adjusts the range between the darkest and
the lightest shades in the image. The
higher the contrast, the bigger the different
grayscale. Drag the slider to the right or
left to increase or decrease the contrast.

The range is from –100 to +100.

Brightness: -50 Brightness: 0

(Normal)

Brightness: +50

Contrast: -50 Contrast: 0

(Normal)

Contrast: +50

4-13

R

A
g
r
(
t
s
m
t
a
T ximately 25
MB of disk space. A higher resolution
(usually means over 600 dpi) is only
recommended when you need to scan a
small area at True Color mode.

Choose a resolution value from the drop
down list. The default value is 200 dpi.
Available resolutions are 75, 100, 150,
200,300, 400 and 600. Or you may choose
your desired value by clicking the box in the
right side of the drop down list and press the

ro your d
then dd button to include it in the
drop down list.

esolution

good control of the resolution results a

ood detail of an image that scans. The
esolution is measured by dots per inch
dpi). Normally, the greater the dpi number,
he higher the resolution and the image file

ize. Be aware that greater resolution takes

ore time to scan, and more disk space for

he scanning image. For your information,

n A4 size color image scanned at 300 dpi at
rue Color mode consumes appro

ar w key to select

click the A

esired value and

on: 150 dpi

Resolution: 75 dpi

Resoluti

4-14

User’s Manual

Invert Revers

image
backgr

change
comm

es the brightness and the colors in the

. The default setting is Black on a White

ound. For color images, each pixel will be

d into its complementary color at the

and of Invert.

background. Reverse mode is White on a Black

Black on White

White on Black

4-15

4-16

Scan
Source

Choice:

): Used to scan several

inside pages from book.

y Automatic: Allow the scanner automatically

set its scan source. If Automatic is selected
and there is document in both the auto

omatically set to
ADF. If Automatic is selected and there is
docum d, th n the scan
source w bed.

y Merge Two Sides into One Image:

If you have a sheet-fed duplex scanner with
front input tray, you can scan an A3 size
document with an innovative method. Thus,
fold your A3 size document into A4, and then
load the paper in the front tray. Choose
Merge Two Sides from the Scan Source
option and then the scanner is able to scan
both sides of your document and merge two
A4 images into one A3 image.

When you select Merge Two Sides into One

Image, the Cropping or Multi-feed function
will be disabled.

Note the options vary based on type of
scanner.

y Auto Document Feeder: Used to scan

multiple pages.

y Flatbed: Used to scan a single page. For

example, pages from newspaper clipping,
paper with wrinkles or curls.

y Flatbed (book

document feeder (ADF) and the flatbed, then
the scan source will be aut

ent only in flatbe

ill be set to flat

e

User’s Manual

Color
Adjustment

Adjusts the color quality of the image so
that it comes close to that of the original.

function uses default parameters to

This
adjust the image.

Normal

After Color Adjustment

color images

4.2.3 Scanning

The following op .

y Bri
y
y
y

tions are available for scanning color images

ghtness

Contrast
Resolution
Invert

4-17

4.2.4 Scanning grayscale images

The following options are available for scanning gray images.

y Brightness
y Contrast
y Resolution
y Invert

4.2.5 Scanning B&W images

The following options are available for scanning B&W images.

y Binarization (Dynamic Threshold)
y Resolution
y Invert

Or

y Binarization (Fix Processing)
y Threshold
y Brightness
y Resolution
y Invert

4-18

User’s Manual

4.2.6 Editing Profiles

The Scanner Properties dialog box allows you to change and
edit these profiles by renaming or deleting them.

T d

Customize your settings. (For example, change your

resolution, image type, cropping method, scan size, or
other scan settings.)

the “Edit Your Profile” dialog box.

save your frequently used scan settings into a profile. You can

o a d a new profile,

1.

2. Click the Image tab and then choose “Profiles” to prompt

3. Click “Add” to enter the name of the profile and then
choose “Save”.

4. The new profile w ill be saved and shown in the “Profiles”
dropdown list box.

4-19

To load a profile,

1. From the Image tab dialog box, choose your favorable

profile from the “Profiles” dropdown list box.

Your favorable profile will be imme2. diately loaded and
displayed on Scanner Properties dialog box.

To delete a profile,

1. From the Image tab dialog box, click “Profiles” to prompt

the Edit Your Profile dialog box.

2. Choose the profile you want to delete from the dropdown

list box.

3. Click “Delete”. A Confirm message “Are you sure you

want to delete this profile?” is prompted.

4. Choose “Yes” to delete or “Cancel” to quit.

4-20

User’s Manual

To rename a profile,

t

1. From the Image tab dialog box, click “Profiles” to promp

the Edit Your Profile dialog box.

2. Choose the profile you want to rename from the dropd

list box and then click the Rename button.

own

or the profile.

3. Enter new name f

Choose “Save” to save the new profile or “Cancel” to quit. 4.

Note:

The preset default profiles include Flatbed, Simplex-B&W, 200
dpi, Simplex-Gray, 200 dpi, Simplex-Color, 200 dpi, Duplex­B& oW, 200 dpi, Duplex-Gray, 200 dpi, Duplex-C lor, 200 dpi. If
you have a simplex or a sheetfed scanner, the duplex or the
flatbed option will not be available.

4-21

4.3 The Compression Tab

imag ssion. Bi-tonal images
are normally compressed using CCITT standard called Group 4
(G4). Color and grayscale images are often compressed using
JPEG technology. Move the JPEG Quality slider to the right or
left to increase or decrease the level of compression. Note the
greater the compression level, the lower image quality. Default
is 50%.

appl es not support

e type of compression format, then either a warning

y of the compressed file

will not be acceptable.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Editor Group). This group developed
and lent their name to a file compression standard for color and
grayscale images that is widely used by scanners, and software
applications. On Microsoft Windows-based systems, a file with
the extension .jpg has normally been compressed using this
standard.

re available:

y None

y G4

The Compression tab allows you to compress your scanned

e and choose the level of compre

Note that the compression depends on your image editing

ication. If your image editing application do
th
message will appear or the image qualit

For scanning color or gray images, the following compressions
a

y JPEG

For scanning B&W images, the following compressions are

available:

y None

4-22

User’s Manual

4-23

The Compression tab dialog box

4.4 The Color Dropout Tab

4.4.1 Color Dropout Selection

Color Dropout tab allows you to drop either of the red, blue, or
green color in your scanned image. If your image contains red
color watermark or background, choose the R (Red) channel
then any red watermark or background will be removed. This
feature is used to sharpen your text when using OCR (Optical
Character Recognition) software.

Note that this function supports only black & white and gray
images. Therefore, be sure to choose any black & white or
gray image type while applying this function.

The Color Dropout dialog box

4-24

User’s Manual

4.4.2 Other Color Dropout Options

o options that can adjust

your scanned image in the best optimal result.

Filter Threshold and Background Level to
produce the best optimal result.

Example, slightly adjusting the background value makes

your text more clear.

Advanced Processing provides tw

Filter

Threshold

This value is used to determine the color
which will be dropped out. A lower value will
drop more of the selected color out, while a
higher value will leave more of the selected
color in.

Background

Level

The pixel which is higher than the
background value will be adjusted to the
lightest point. Adjust the value for both the

Original

4-25

ove Blue, Threshold: 20, Background:

Rem
255

Remove Blue, Threshold: 20,
Background Level: 210

4-26

User’s Manual

4.5 The Paper Tab

The Paper tab allows you to define values relat in g to image
output (i.e., Auto Crop or not, Scan Area, OverScan, Multi-Feed
Detection).

The Paper tab dialog box

4-27

4.5.1 Cropping

Cropping allows you to capture a portion of the document
being scanned. Choice: Automatic, Fixed to

Transport, EOP (End of Page) Detection.

Options Description

Automatic Automatic adjusts the cropping window

according to different document sizes. Use
this option for batches of mixed-sized
documents.

Fixed to
Transport

This feature allows you to define the area
or zone to be imaged. Use for batches of
same-sized documents. If you select this
option, you can use the arrow keys to
define the x and y offset values, width and
length to redefine your scanned area. The
Display window will show image placement
as you change the values.

EOP (End of This feature allows you to define the area
Page) or zone to be imaged. Use for batches of
Detection same-width but different length

documents. If you select this option, you
can use the arrow keys to define the x and
y th to offset values, width and leng
redefine your scanned area. The Display
window will sh image placement as you ow
change the values.

4-28

User’s Manual

The following options are only available when Fixed to

of the

scanner to the left edge of the scanning area.

y et — om the top end of the

t to

y Width — th
y Length — t
y r: aut -

ng

y

Transport is selected.

y X-Offset — the distance from the left end

Y-Offs the position fr

documen the top end of the scanning area.

e width of the scanning area.

he length of the scanning area.

Cente

fed feedi

omatically calculates the x-offset for center

based upon document size selected.

— relocate the scan area by click the arrow key on

the cross sig t
from the Dis

n while retain the scan size. View the resul

play window.

4-29

Example： Redefine your scan area ( x-offset: 2.25 inches；y­offset:1.13 inches)

Scan

A

rea

Display
window

Original

After Fixed to

Transport

T

he Redefined Scan Area

4-30

User’s Manual

Selection

eskew

Use this option to automatically deskew a document.

4.5.2 Other Paper

D

Scan Area

Choose your desired paper size with the drop-down list box. Or
you may select a custom paper size by clicking the Scan Area

ox and then click Add to include in the choice.

Choice: None, US Letter- 8.5”x 11”, US Legal – 8.5” x 14”,
ISO A4 – 21 x 29.7 cm, ISO A5 – 14.8 x 21 cm, ISO A6 – 10.5
x 14.8cm, ISO A7 – 7.4 x 10/5 cm, ISO B5 – 17.6 x 25 cm,
ISO B6 – 12.5 x 17.6 cm, ISO B7 – 8.8 x 12.5 cm, JIS B5 –

18.2 x 25.7 cm, JIS B6 – 12.8 x 18.2 cm, JIS B7 – 9.1 x 12.8
cm, Scanner Maximum, Long Page.

Long Page:

When you need to scan documents whose length exceeds
scanner maximum, please choose Long Page. Note if Long
Page is selected, the Multi-Feed Det ection will not be a
Options: Un gth, ter Lengt ption
varies due to type of scanner.)

Note: If the skew angle is
too great, some of the
image may be cut off.

b

vailable.

known Len En h (Note: This o

4-31

4-32

Choose “Unknown Length” if you have a batch of long page

Choose “Enter Length” to

enter the length and width of your documents or your desired

on documents. This is useful when you have a batch

of documents with the same scan size or a batch of same-sized

OverScan

Overscan allows you to add a s ttom
or right and left (Options vary based on the type of scanner) of
the edge of the image. This is used to reduce possible corner
clipping on the skewed images and often applied to a batch of
skewed document to be scanned in the auto document feeder.

sult will not be shown in the Display window and that the

the function varies based on type of scanner.

ped document

y

of

on allows you to define the length of

al

t used when scanning same-

ize documents in the auto document feeder.

document with unknown length.
scan size
documents.

pecific margin at top and bo

Select a value between 0 and +5 mm. Note the overscan
re
availability of

Multi-Feed Detection

Multi-Feed Detection allows you to detect overlap
that go through the auto document feeder. Multi-Feed usuall
occurs due to stapled documents, adhesives on documents, or

electro-statically charged document. Note： The availability
the function varies based on type of scanner.

Additional Length Detection

Additional Length Detecti
document being multi-fed. This value indicates the addition
length exceeding your scan area. The Display window will
show the size of the document as you change the value. A
value of 0 indicates no additional length detection. The
Additional Length Detection is bes
s

User’s Manual

Example：Additional Length Detection：Set Additiona
Length to be 2.02 inches

l

2.02”

4-33

Ultrasonic Detection

ou to set overlapped document by

etecting paper thickness between documents. Note： The

availability of the function varies based on ty pe of scanner.

There are two options available if Multi-Feed is detected.

z Stop Scanning after Multi-Feed

If this is selected, the scanner will stop the feeder and

display the following Warning dialog box if mu lti-feed is

detected.

Ultrasonic Detection allows y
d

Action:

1. Follow the instruction on the Warning dialog box to
remove the rest pages on the feeder.

2. Click OK to close the Warning dialog box.

3. Scan the rest pages.

4-34

User’s Manual

Clear the Multi-Fed Paper:

Choice: Manual, Auto

ansport of the multi-fed paper. If manual is selected, once

ulti-feed is detected and scanning operation is stopped, you

r.

Note: The availability of this option varies based on type of

If Auto is selected, once multi-feed is detected and scanning
operation is stopped, the scanner will automatically clear the
tr
m
need to manually clear the transport of the multi-fed pape

scanner.

4-35

z Multi-Feed Alarm

If a wave file is added, the scanner will make a sound

r

,

Action:

1. If “Stop Scanning after Multi-Feed” is selected, follow
the action described in the preceding section “Stop
Scanning after Multi-Feed” on the previous page to
complete your job.

2. If “Stop Scanning after Multi-Feed” has not been
selected, rescan the pages where multi-feed is
detected.

How to add the sound alarm：

1. Click the Browse button on the right side of the speaker
icon. The Open dialog box appears.

2. Choose your wave file.

. Click the Open button. The wave file is added.

Units

Defines the primary measurement system. Inches,

Millimeters, and Pixels are available.

alarm if multi-feed is detected yet no Warning dialog box
will be displayed.

If “Stop Scanning after Multi-Feed” is select ed, the scanne
will stop the feeder.

If “Stop Scanning after Multi-Feed” has not been selected
the scanner will continue to scan till the end of your
document.

3

4-36

User’s Manual

4.5.3 Relative to Document

Rela

docu
This

documents and deliver these images in B&W, Gray, or Color
separately. For example, there are applications which require
you
docu r
documents where a photograph, or signature appears in a

ea on the document such as resumes, and so on.

or.

ive to Document” or “Fixed

2. Cho The
sele e will be displayed in a red rectangular
box. This is also the scan size of your entire document.
(For example, ISO B5. If you have not chosen a scan area

e, then the default area will

tive to Document: (used for batches of same-sized

ments)

option allows you to crop different areas on your

to store the entire document in B&W and a part of the

ment in color to save storage space. This is useful fo

consistent ar
The following procedure describes how to reproduce the entire

document in B&W and a portion of document (picture) in col

1. On the Paper tab, choose “Relat
to Transport” from the Cropping option.

ose your scan size from the Scan Area option.

cted scan siz

and leave the selection as Non
be the scanner’s maximum.)

1

A red
rectangular
box

2

4-37

3. Click the Preview tab to disp
black rectangular box appea

lay the Preview window. A

rs to indicate the max. scan

size your have just selected.

The Image

T

he selected

ge

Selection

Box

ima

A black
rectang
box

ular

4. Click the Preview button to view the entire image in low
resolution to correctly crop your relative scan area.

T

he Preview

Image

T

he Preview

Button

5. Select image type from the Image Selection box e
selected image will appear in highlighted color. (For
example, Front Color)

6. Place your cursor on the Preview window and click your
left mouse button. A cross sign will appear as illustrated.
Create your relative scan size diagonally by dragging the
left mouse button to your preferable size. The selected
area will appear in a red box as illustrated.

. Th

4-38

User’s Manual

7. Check the B&W image from the Image Selection box to
scan the entire document.

8. Click the Scan button to start scanning the document in
two image types and sizes. (See the result in below.)

A Cross

T

he

a

Sign

Relative
Are

The entire document in B&W The relative area in color

4-39

4.6 e Preview Tab

The P eview tab allows you to preview (a low- resolution
your image before final scan. This preview image lets yo
allocate your scan area. You can choose your scan area by the
“Scan Area” drop down list box or placing your cursor on the
Display window and dragging it diagonally on the Display
window. Then, a red rectangle box will appear to in dicate the
selected area.

”,

review tab is not allowed.

Th

r scan)

u

Note: If you choose “Automatic Cropping” on the “Paper Tab
then to select a scan area on the P

The Display
Window

The Preview Tab

4-40

User’s Manual

4.7 The Options Tab

u to set following additional image

processing settings.

The Options tab allows yo

The Option tab dialog box

4-41

This is applied to double-sided
document which are viewed in
portrait are sometime fed into the
scanner in landscape or vice versa.

Choice: Book, Fanfold.

If “Book” is selected, the image of
the reverse side will not be rotated.

The following illustration shows the documents which should
be viewed in portrait are fed into the scanner in landscape

Flip Side

Rotation

Select “fanfold” to rotate the image
of the reverse side to 180 degrees.

4-42

User’s Manual

Rotate Image

ise),

Choose the rotation angle from the
drop down list if you wish to rotate
your scanned image.

Choice: None, 90°CW(clockw
90°CCW(counter clockwise),
180°.

Original

Rotate 90°CW

Rotate
90°CCW

Rotate 180°

Blank Page

Removal

Check if you wish to remove the
blank page and move the slider to
the left or right to your desired
threshold.

4-43

Edge

Fill

ult

Ch

En

value is 0.

eck White or Black if you wish to add white or
black edge on the border of your scanned
image. ter the value from 0 to 5 mm. Defa

Original

Edge Fill: 5mm (Black)

Image

Control
Option

Check the Mirror box if you wish to reverse the
right and left side of your image.

Original

The Mirror Effect

4-44

User’s Manual

B und
S g

ound.

(auto docum
available.

ackgro
ettin

This option allows you to set your scan

background.

Choice: White Background, Black
Backgr

*This option varies based on type of scanner
and is available for the front page in the ADF

ent feeder) only. For the rear

page, only the white background is

White Background

Black Background

4-45

4.8 The Setti

The Setting tab

ng Tab

allows you to set the following settings:

The Setting tab dialog box

Energy Saving Check the Enable Energy Saver box
Control and move the slider to the right to set

the amount of time to start the energy
saver after your last action. The range
is from 1 to 240 minutes. The default
is 15 minutes.

4-46

User’s Manual

Setting

Sca

To increase the scanning speed, the
document and then sends these scanning

data to the application. Therefore, during

scanning, the numbers of pages been

scanned on the scanner is somehow
different with the numbers of pages
displayed on your computer screen.
Choose this mode if you wish to complete
your scanning task at the fastest speed.

•Page Scan

If you choose Page Scan, during scanning,
the scanner will first scan only one page of
your document and then send the scanned
data to the application and then scan the
next page and send the next data to the
application, and so on. Therefore, in this
mode, the scanning speed is slower yet this
helps to keep the same scanning progress
between the scanner and your computer
screen.

Batch Scan

•Batch n

scanner first scans a few pages of your

Barcode Check this option to enable detecting and
Detection recognizing barcode in your document.

After the detecting process, an
avbarcode.ini file will be generated and
stored in your system drive, for example,
Windows\avbarcode.ini.
Note: The availability of this f eature varies
based on type of scanner.

4-47

Show Scann
Progressin

the scanning progress bar g Check and

will be shown during scanning.

Show Warning Check to show the warning messages

such as “ADF pad count exceeds
50,000 scans (the number varies b

Message

ased
on type of scanner). Please replace the
ADF pad and reset the pad count.”

Save Settings
after Closing

Next time when you open the Scanner

dialog box, the previously

Check to save your scanner properties

settings after leaving the dialog box.

Properties
saved settings will be shown.

4-48

User’s Manual

4 i

The Information tab displays th
i

.9 The Informat on Tab

e following system and scanner

nformation.

The Information tab dialog box

The “Report” button：

If you encounter any error message while using the scanner,
click the Report button. A report.txt file (C:\AVxxx) will be
generated. Please send this file to the nearest service center
for trouble shooting.

4-49

4-50

ton」：

ence
problems with document feeding. In this case, it is highly
recommended to replace the ADF pad with a new one. (Please
refer to the manual for proper replacing procedure.) For
ordering the ADF pad, please consult your nearest dealer.
After replacing the ADF pad, click the “Reset Pad Count”
button to reset the pad count.

The “Reset Roller Count” button」：
After scanning approximately 200,000 pages (the number

varies based on type of scanner) through the ADF, the ADF
roller may be worn out and you may experience problems with
document feeding. In this case, it is highly recommended to
replace the ADF roller with a new one. (Note the replacement
of the ADF roller has to be performed only by authorized
service center. Therefore, please return your scanner for roller
replacement.) After replacing the ADF roller, click the “Reset

Roller Count” button to reset the roller count.

The “Reset Pad Count” but

After scanning approximately 50,000 pages (the number varies
based on type of scanner) through the Auto Document Feeder
(ADF), the ADF pad may be worn out and you may experi

Note：

The lifetime and the replacing procedure vary based on type of
scanner. Please consult your nearest dealer for more details.

User’s Manual

. ISIS Interface Operation

ed

5

The ISIS driver operation method is similar to the TWAIN’s.
Every function on the ISIS interface screen is briefly describ
as below:

Mode: Select one of scan modes, including B&W, gray, co
options.

Dither: 5 halftone levels available, can be disabled.

lor

Dots per inch: Select your desired resolution.

Contrast: Adjust the range between the darkest and the

lightest shades in the image.

Default: Click to reset all settings.
Area: Select your desired scan area or position.

Paper Size: Select your desired paper size.
Brightness: Adjust your scan image brightness or darkness.

5-1

User’s Manual

6. aintenance M

The scanner is designed to be maintenance free. However,
it still needs to be cleaned occasionally to ensure optimum
image quality and performance.

From time to time the pad assembly and feeding rollers
may become contaminated with ink, toner particles or
paper dust. In this case the scanner may not feed
documents smoothly or several documents may feed at
once. If this occurs please follow the cleaning procedures
to return your scanner to its original state.

the feeding

de. Rotate

repeat the

ction from top to bottom. Be

6.1 Cleaning the ADF

The cleaning procedures

1. Moisten a cotton swab with isoprophyl alcohol (95%).

2. Carefully open the ADF to the left. Wipe
rollers by moving the swab from side to si
the rollers forward with your finger and
above cleaning procedures until the rollers are clean.
Be careful not to snag or damage the pick springs.

3. Wipe the pad in the dire
careful not to hook the pick springs.

4. Close the ADF unit. Your scanner is now ready for
use.

6-1

User’s Manual

6.2 C aning the Glass le

he procedures:

1. Soak a cotton swab with some isoprophy alcohol
(

2. Open the ADF unit and document cover as shown in

3 ment cover. Your

scanner is now ready for use.

T

95%).

Figure 6-2. Wipe the glass of flatbed area and ADF
area by moving the swab from side to side.

. Close the ADF unit and docu

Glass

Figure 6-2 The Cleaning Area

6-3

6-4

6.3 Replacing the ADF snap-in pad module

After scanning approximately 20,000 pages through the
ADF, the separation pad may be worn out and you may
experience problems with document feeding. In this case, it
is highly recommended to replace the pad mod
new one. For ordering the pad module, please consult your

ealer and follow the procedure below to replace it.

Disassembling Procedure

1. Open the ADF cover.

2. Remove the ADF snap-in pad modu le by pulling out

the upper part of the pad clamp as shown in Figure 6-

3.

ule with a

nearest d

Figure 6-3 Remove the ADF Pad

ADF Pad

User’s Manual

1. Take out the ADF pad module from the box.

e pad clamp and place it

Assembling Procedure

2. Hold the upper part of th

gently to the pad holder as shown in Figure 6-4.

Figure 6-4 Install the ADF Pad

ADF Pad

6-5

6-6

.4 Replacing the ADF Paper Feed Roller 6

1. Open the ADF cover.

ADF cover

2. Lift the tabs.

Tab

User’s Manual

Remove the paper feed roller cover. 3.

ADF roller
cover

4. Remove the paper feed roller.

ADF paper
feed roller

6-7

6-8

5. Insert the new paper feed roller by aligning the tabs

ace.

into the slots and pressing the roller into pl

Slot

6. Reinsert the paper feed roller cover and snap it into

place.

7. Close the ADF cover.

User’s Manual

7. Trouble shooting

The scanner will automatically perform a simple self-test
each time it is turned on. This will help spot major system
errors in the scanner itself.

When the test is initiated, the READY LED is flashing. When
the test is completed, if no error occurs, the READY LED is
steadily on.

If you have problems with th oper tion of your scanner,
please check the following o bleshooting hints.

.1 Question and Answer

Question: The LED indicates that the scanner is ready,

but the scanner does not respond to the
scan command from the host computer.

Answer: a) Please check if the signal cable is firmly

seated, and invoke the scan command
again. If there is still no response, please
reset the scanner by turning it off and then
on again, and reboot your host computer as
well.

b) Check if the driver is correctly installed.

e a

tr u

7

7-1

7-2

Answer: a) Open the ADF unit.

b) Pull out the jammed paper carefully.

c) Close the ADF unit.

Question: More than one sheet of paper were fed into

the scanner.

Answer: a) Open ADF unit.
b) Remove the multi-fed sheets of paper.
c) Close the ADF unit.
d) Flatten the corners and edges; loosen

the paper before reloading it in the paper

e) Check the feeding roller condition and

do the cleaning if necessary.

Question: Paper becomes skewed in the scanner.

Answer: a) Check the feeding roller condition; do the

cleaning if necessary.

b) Use the paper guide when feeding the

paper.

Question: Paper becomes jammed during scanning.

guide.

User’s Manual

Question: When I power on the scanner, it makes

noises and will not stand ready.

Answer: There are two possibilities:

h

iner first.

b) You did not place the scanner on a flat

Question: When I power on the scanner, the lamp

a) The lamp is out of order. In that case,

uthorized local dealer to

p. The life time of the lamp

is about 5000 hours.

a) You forgot to remove the shipping switc

from the scanner. Please remove the
shipping reta

desktop surface. This may cause the
scanner to function improperly.

does not light.

Answer: The possibilities are as follows:

contact your a
change the lam

b) Check whether the power LED on ADF
cover steadily lights or not.

If it flashes, the power adapter malfunctions
or the main board is short-circuited.

Contact your authorized local dealer to
replace the power adapter or main board.

7-3

7-4

ays comes out to be

Answer: n to modify the

Gamma setting to 2.2 and 1.8 for your
printer and monitor respectively.

face to get a brighter image.

well otherwise, but for

ginal.

Answer: Use the Brightness or Threshold setting to

Question: The scanned image alw

too dark.

a) Use your applicatio

b) Use Brightness setting from the TWAIN

user inter

Question: The scanner works

the line art, the lines scanned seem much
thicker than those of the ori

adjust the line art image.

User’s Manual

7-5

7.2

In the event of paper jam, please follow the procedures
below.

i). Open the
ii). Pull the paper out of the ADF uni

Paper Jam in the ADF

ADF cover as shown in Figure 7-1.

t carefully.

ADF Unit

ent Docum

Figure 7-1 ADF Paper Jam - Removing the Paper

User’s Manual

8-1

8. Technical Service

on

l Assistance Center (ATAC). Before contact with

ATAC, please prepare the following information.

S he

bottom
of the scanner)

• Hardware configuration (e.g., your host CPU type, RAM
size, free disk space, display card, interface card, etc.)

• The name and version of your software application

• The version of your scanner driver.

Please call us at:

Technical support for Avision scanner is provided at Avisi
Technica

• canner serial & revision number (located on t

US and Canada Area: Avision Labs., Inc.

ddress: 6815 Mowry Ave. Newark CA 94560, USA

elephone: [phone]
Fax number: [phone]
Web Site: http://www.avision.com
E-mail: [e-mail]

A
T

Other Area: Avision Inc.

Address: No.20, Creation Road I, Hsinchu Science

Park, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Telephone: [phone]
Fax number: [phone]
Web Site: http://www.avision.com
Email: [e-mail]

User’s Manual

9-1

9. pecifications

canning Mode B&W

Color

0 x 600 dpi

ght

Scan Area Flatbed: up to European A4

(8.5” x 11.69”)
ADF: 3.7” x 5.5”(Min)

tion

ing)

Operation 10°C to 35°C

imension 567 x 350 x 199 mm

S

Model Number

DF-0902H

S

Gray

Optical 60
Resolution

Source Cold Cathode fluorescent lamp Li

ADF Capacity 50 sheets

ADF: 8.5” x 14”(Max)
Interface USB 2.0
Power

Requirement

24Vdc, 2.0A

Power
Consump

< 48 watts (operation)

< 7 watts (power sav

Temperature
D
Weight 7.2 kg (15.87 lbs)

User’s Manual

Index

Ａ

A ete

ADF cover, 7-5
ADF Scanning, 3-2

Ｂ

B

Background Level,

4

Background Setting, 4­balance wire, 3-2
Barcode, 4-44

Binarization

Dynamic Threshold,

ng,

4-8

Blank Page Removal
Brightness

Ｃ

C Glass, 6-3

C

C

, Remov

e Blue,

4-2

Color Match,

4-14

Contrast,

4-10

Cropping

Automatic, Fix to Transport,

EOP Detection,

4-25

Ｄ

default settings, 4-3

Deskew,

4-28

document cover, 2-5
Document Loading,

3-1

Ｅ

Energy Saving,

4-43

Ｆ

reshold, 4-22

Rotation,

4-39

Ｇ

Ｉ

4-12

Ｊ

JPEG, 4-19

Ｍ

Mirror, 4-41

Multi-Feed Detection,

4-29

dditional Length D ction, 4-

29

&W, 4-6

-22

42

Fixed

Flip Side

Processi

, 4-40

,

4-10

leaning the

olor, 4-6

olor Dropout

Remove Red e Green,

Invert,

Edge Fill,

4-41

Filter Th

G4,

4-19

Gray, 4-6

1 Remov

a

b

Ｏ

output paper tray, 2-6
output paper tray extension, 2-

6

OverScan, 4-29

Ｐ

paper jam, 3-2, 7-5
protrusions, 2-6

Ｒ

reference mark, 3-1
refit the shipping bracket, 2-4

Reset Pad Count, 4-47
Reset Roller Count, 4-47
Resolution, 4-11

Rotate Image,

4-40

Ｓ

Scan Area, 4-28

Ｕ

Ultrasonic Detection, 4-31