Anritsu 54147A Data Sheet

For economic measurement of SWR, loss/gain,

relative group delay and distance-to-fault

54100A/56100A

Scalar Network Analyzers

1 MHz to 110 GHz

Technical Data Sheet

•

ANRITSU Corporation

5-10-27, Minamiazabu, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106, Japan
Telephone [phone]
Telex J34372
Fax [phone]

Overseas Subsidiaries

•

USA

ANRITSU Company

1155 E. Collins Blvd. Richardson,
TX 75081, U.S.A.
Telephone +1-800-ANRITSU
Fax: [phone]

•

Canada

ANRITSU Instruments Ltd

4-205 Matheson Blvd. East, Mississauga
Ontario, L4Z 3E3, Canada
Telephone [phone]
Fax: [phone]

•

Brazil

ANRITSU Electronica Ltda.

Praia de Botafogo 440, Sala 2401
CEP 22250-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
Telephone [phone]
Fax: [phone]

•

UK

ANRITSU Ltd

200 Capability Green, Luton, Bedfordshire
LU1 3LU, United Kingdom
Telephone [phone]
Fax: [phone]

•

Germany

ANRITSU GmbH

Grafenberger Allee 54-56, D-40237
Düsseldorf 1, Germany
Telephone [phone]
Fax:[phone]

•

France

ANRITSU SA

9, Avenue du Québec, ZA de Courtaboeuf
91951 Les Ulis Cedex, France
Telephone [phone]
Fax: [phone]

•

Italy

ANRITSU SpA

Via Elio Vittorini, 129, 00144 Roma, Italy
Telephone [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

•

Sweden

ANRITSU AB

Botvid Center 145 84 Stockholm, Sweden
Telephone [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

•

Singapore

ANRITSU Pte Ltd

6, New Industrial Rd., #06-01/02, Hoe Huat
Industrial Building, Singapore 536199
Telephone [phone]
Fax: [phone]

•

Hong Kong

ANRITSU Company Ltd

Suite 812, 8/F, Chinachem Golden Plaza, 77 Mody
Road
Tsimshatsui East, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
Telephone [phone]
Fax: [phone]

•

Korea

ANRITSU Corporation Ltd

Room No. 901, Daeo Bldg., 26-5, Yeoido-Dong,
Young Deung Po-Ku, Seoul, Korea
Telephone [phone] to 7156
Fax: [phone]

Specifications are subject to change without notice.

15000-00010 rev A (TKO09/00)

Distance-To-Fault

The most common failure in a microwave
radio link is the transmission line, the waveguide
and/or coaxial cables which connect radio
equipment to the antennas. With the 54100A
Series optional Distance-To-Fault (DTF) Software
you can install and maintain tower equipment
with confidence.

Anritsu’s precision calibration components
and low source harmonics provide industry
leading return loss (or SWR) accuracy. With

0.1% distance accuracy, you’re sure to identify
degraded components or moisture quickly –
before the problem causes a failure. Automatic
anti-aliasing software and windowing filters
ensure the peaks on the DTF display are really
there, not erroneous fault indications caused by
re-reflections.

With most elliptical waveguide components
meeting 30 dB return loss performance, it’s
absolutely critical that the precision load used
for calibration is of the highest quality to achieve
repeatable, accurate measurements. Using
poor quality 50 W loads for DTF calibration will
cause abnormally high test data variations

Specifications

The optional Distance-To-Fault software
displays impedance discontinuities versus
distance based on a swept frequency
measurement of transmission line mismatch.
The software is available by ordering Option 7
with 54100A Series Network Analyzers.

Measurements: Distance-To-Fault (meters or
feet), Return loss or SWR of fault.

Frequency Sampling:

256, 512, or 1024 frequency points.

Window Functions:

Hamming, 2-term, –42 dB sidelobes;
Blackman-Harris, 3-term, –67 dB sidelobes.
Anti-aliasing: Filtering of post detected data

rejects indications of false faults caused by
signal re-reflections during high reflection fault
conditions or out of band sweep on antenna
systems.

Distance Accuracy: < 0.1% of range or 2 mm
dependent upon knowledge of the propagation
velocity for the device under test and the
frequency sweep range.

Dynamic Range: > 80 dB, depending upon
calibration component return loss and operating
frequency range.

Return Loss Amplitude Accuracy: Effective
Directivity is dependent upon the return loss of
the precision termination used during calibration.

Distance Range: 1 to 5000 meters depending
on measurement frequency range and hardware
configuration.

Distance Resolution (of one fault): 0.4% of
total distance (256 frequency measurement
points), 0.2% of total distance (512 frequency

54100A Series optional softwareIntroduction to Anritsu Scalar Analyzers

2

Anritsu offer a comprehensive range of scalar
analyzers for economic network measurements
to 110GHz.

The 56100A scalar analyzer used in
conjunction with a 68C series synthesizer offers
the very best RF performance in a scalar
measurement system. The 68C series
synthesizer and 56100A analyzer communicate
over a private GPIB link to form an integrated
scalar measurement system.

The 56100A/68C scalar measurement
systems offers 10MHz to 50GHz frequency
coverage with –40dBc harmonics, up to
+17dBm levelled power and fully synthesized
sweeps. This combination is ideal where the
best possible frequency accuracy and dynamic
range are required.

Mixers and other frequency conversion
devices can also be characterised by using two
synthesizers in the system to generate
frequency sweeps with a fixed offset.

The 54100A series integrated scalar network
analyzers have built in crystal referenced
sources to provide an economical and compact
solution. They are ideal for production of devices
such as filters and amplifiers from 1MHz to
50GHz. Optional software adds; distance to
fault measurements for field testing of
waveguides, cables and antennas, relative
group delay software for economic filter
characterisation and precision return loss that
adds up to 20dB directivity improvement to
SWR measurements.

For scalar network measurements to 110GHz
both 54100A and 56100A are complemented
by the millimeter wave reflectometers.

measurement points), 0.1% of total distance
(1024 frequency measurement points).

Transmission Lines Supported:

• Coaxial Cable

• Waveguide

• Waveguide with Coaxial Cable Input
Transmission line loss and velocity factor are

corrected by the software. Waveguide dispersion
is corrected based on the cutoff frequency, fc.
For waveguide with coaxial cable input, a
special operating mode is utilized to
automatically compensate for the length of non­dispersive coaxial cable in front of the
waveguide transmission line.

Distance-To-Fault Measurement
Accessories:

Anritsu Distance-To-Fault test systems utilize
standard diode detectors and measurement
accessories.

POWER DIVIDERS

These signal dividers are symmetrical, three­resistor tee designs that are used with the
Distance-To-Fault option and other applications

Distance-To-Fault mode
simplifies problem
identification. Superior
accuracy, sensitivity and
precision components ensure
that comparison
measurements clearly
indicate performance
degradation. Site
technicians easily locate
small problems before more
serious failures result.

The 56100A Scalar Network Analyzer operates with Anritsu’s
68C and 69B series synthesizers. The separate source
maximizes system performance and flexibility.

The 54100A Series Scalar Network Analyzers offer highly
integrated and economic network measurements

during maintenance test intervals. Instead of
saving time, technicians may find themselves
chasing non-existent problems.

3 dB

Frequency

Connectors

Attenuator

Range

Input Output

Model

1010-31 0.01 to 18 GHz N (m) N (f)

43KB-3 0.01 to 26.5 GHz K (m) K (f)
43KC-3 0.01 to 40 GHz K (m) K (f)

41V-3 0.01 to 60 GHz V (m) V (f)

54100A 56100A plus 68C synthesizer

Standard measurements Return loss (SWR), Return loss (SWR),
supported insertion loss/gain, power insertion loss/gain, power

Precision return loss

Additional measurements Distance-To-Fault
(optional) Relative group delay

Source Internal External

Anritsu 69A/B series
Anritsu 68B/C series
Anritsu 67XXA/B series
Wiltron 6600A/B series
HP 8340/8350 series

Two source control No Yes with synchronous sweeps

for mixer measurements

Max source power 10dBm @ 20GHz 13dBm @20GHz

17dBm option (68C source)

Harmonics, 2 to 20GHz -60dBc -60dBc (68C source)
Frequency accuracy Crystal controlled Synthesized
110GHz reflectometer

support Yes Yes
Autotesters and detectors Available to 50GHz Available to 50GHz

3.5 inch disk drive Yes No
Intelligent markers Yes Yes
GPIB as standard Yes Yes
Mean Time Between

Failure (MTBF) >10,000 hours >10,000 hours
World-wide service

and support Yes Yes

3

54100A NETWORK ANALYZER

RF CABLE

3 dB
ATTN

DETECTOR

POWER
DIVIDER

OPTION
ADAPTER

TRANSMISSION
LINE UNDER TEST

TERMINATION
APPLIED FOR
CALIBRATION

RAB

Power

Frequency

Connectors

Divider

Range

Input Output

Model

11N50B 50Ω DC to 3 GHz N (f) N (f)
11N75B 75Ω DC to 3 GHz N (f) N (f)
1091-29 50Ω DC to 18 GHz N (m) N (f)

K240B 50Ω DC to 26.5 GHz K (f) K (f)
K240C 50Ω DC to 40 GHz K (f) K (f)
V240C 50Ω DC to 65 GHz V (f) V (f)

Model

Frequency

Connector

Range

26N75A 75Ω DC to 3 GHz N (m)

26NF75A 75Ω DC to 3 GHz N (f)

28N50-2 50Ω DC to 18 GHz N (m)

28NF50-2 50Ω DC to 18 GHz N (f)

28S50-1 50Ω DC to 26.5 GHz WSMA (m)

28SF50-1 50Ω DC to 26.5 GHz WSMA (f)

28K50 50Ω DC to 40 GHz K (m)

28V50B 50Ω DC to 65 GHz V (m)

3 dB ATTENUATORS

PRECISION TERMINATIONS

Non-Ratio Operation, Coaxial

requiring two inputs to be combined into a
single output.
Maximum Input Power: +30 dBm

Terminations are required for calibration and are
occasionally used for terminating the output of
the coaxial cable under test.

This data sheet details the potential
applications and specifications of
the Anritsu scalar network analyzer
products. The reference table on pages
6 and 7 provides a guide to the
accessories that you will need for your
specific application.

Contents

Page 3

54100A Distance-To-Fault Software

Page 4

54100A Precision Return Loss Software

Page 5

54100A Relative Group Delay Software

Pages 6 and 7

54100A/56100A Measurement
Configuration Chart

Pages 8 and 9

54100A Specification

Pages 10 and 11

56100A Specification

Pages 12 and 13

Detector and Autotester Specification

Page 14

Millimeter Wave Reflectometer
Specification

Page 15

Accuracy of Scalar Measurements

Further information on Anritsu scalar
analyzers, or other Anritsu products, can be
found by contacting one of the offices listed
on the back cover. For a full list of sales
offices around the world, visit our web site at
www.anritsu.com

Relative Group Delay

Optional relative group delay software identifies
signal distortion caused by bandpass devices
such as filters, receivers, power amplifiers, and
up/down converters. Group delay is a key
cause of high Bit Error Rate (BER). Group
delay is important for 1) CDMA and spread
spectrum communications 2) phase radars 3)
high capacity satellite and terrestrial microwave
links 4) PAL and HDTV television components
and other RF systems sensitive to phase
distortion.

Group Delay results from deviation in the
rate of change of phase response versus
change in frequency, df/dw. It indicates that
different frequencies travel at different speeds
through an RF device. RF systems which
depend upon phase coded information suffer
degradation when group delay is excessive.

The growth in wireless communications
places a heavy demand on available frequency
spectrum. More efficient communications
standards have digital phase modulation with

high bits-per-hertz specifications and high
bandpass filter rolloff rates. Each of these
conditions make the communications more
susceptible to group delay induced bit error
rate problems.

The 54100A saves time and expense by
measuring group delay with the same,
inexpensive network analyzer as is used for
other tests.

Calibration requires only an RF path
normalization with a standard RF detector.
Relative group delay specifications assume
measurement of bandpass devices. Frequency
sweep must include at minimum 20 dBr of
transmission rolloff from mid-band response.
For best results, set the frequency sweep to
cover more than 20 dBr rolloff is suggested.

Relative Group Delay Accuracy:

Typically < 1ns, < 5.0% of peak-to-valley range
with noise averaged. Assumes the band
limiting device within the DUT meets minimum
phase shift design. Devices such as SAW
filters, microwave phase equalizers, and branch

line couplers will have additional uncertainty.
Calibration: A transmission path
normalization is required.

5

54100A Series software

4

Precision Return Loss

Precision Return Loss (PRL) is a technique
which uses vector signal addition principles to
extend the directivity of scalar network analyzer
(SNA) measurements. The 15 to 20 dB
directivity improvement allows accurate
verification and calibration of very high return
loss devices such as terminations, attenuators,
and adapters – components which are common
to almost every RF test bench.
Test bench components are susceptible to a
variety of problems including:

1) Repeated excess torque

2) Drops to the floor

3) Accumulation of dirt

Additionally, since adapters and attenuators
are not always labeled for frequency range, they
are occasionally used at frequency ranges
beyond their specification.

PRL finds these problems quickly. The
technique utilizes the same network analyzer
which is used for the production process: test
operators need only share an Airline and an
Offset SWR Autotester.

PRL Accuracy

When testing single port RF devices such as terminations, the principle uncertainty terms are
measurement directivity and channel accuracy. The directivity of a PRL measurement is limited by
the return loss of the precision airline. Channel accuracy includes noise effects, logarithmic
deviation, open/short cal uncertainty, linearity, and instrumentation stability. Additional second
order uncertainty terms such as test port match and source match are typically negligible.

Measurement Uncertainty (dB) = Channel Accuracy + Directivity Uncertainty
Measurement Uncertainty (dB) = - 0.5 - 20 log (1 + 10

- Ed/20

)

where, Ed = Airline Return Loss (dB) - Measured Return Loss (dB)

When measuring two port devices such as adapters and attenuators, an additional term (load
match) is required to account for the return loss of the precision termination which is attached to
port two of the device.

Measurement Uncertainty (dB) = - 0.5 - 20 log (1 + 10

- Ed/20

) -20 log (1 + 10

- Et/20

)

where, Et = Termination’s Return Loss (dB) - Measured Return Loss (dB)

With the implementation of ISO-9002, microwave test
specialists must perform verification of common test stand
components such as adapters and terminations on a daily or
weekly basis rather than at annual calibration cycles.
(Left) A technician tunes a precision termination in the
Precision Return Loss TUNING mode.

−20

−40

−60

0.01

10 20 30 40 50

Directivity Signal From Reference, dB

Frequency, GHz

N

WSMA

K

V

K Airline

WSMA Airline

N Airline

By utilizing the traceable performance of a Precision
Airline, the Precision Return Loss technique overcomes the
directivity limitations of standard SWR Autotesters (or
bridges), allowing accurate calibration of very low return
loss devices.

DUT Offset SWR Open Precision

Connector Autotester

Airline

Short Terminations

1

28A50

GPC-7 560-97A50-20 18A50 22A50

28A50-1

N male 560-97A50-20 18NF50 22N50 26N50

N female 560-97A50-20 18N50 22NF50 26NF50

SMA 28S50
male

560-98KF50-15 19SF50 22S50

28S50-1

SMA 28SF50

female

560-98KF50-15 19S50 22SF50

28SF50-1

3.5mm 19LF50
male

560-98KF50-15

(SC4127)

22K50 28K50

3.5mm 19L50

female

560-98KF50-15

(SC3588)

22KF50 28KF50

K male 560-98KF50-15 19KF50 22K50 28K50

K female 560-98KF50-15 19K50 22KF50 28KF50

1

Terminations are needed for adapter verification tests and other two port device testing.

Freq. Test Beaded

Dia. Lgth

Model Range Port Port SWR

(mm) (cm)

(GHz)

Connector Connector

1.003

(Test Port)

18A50 0.5 to 18 GPC-7 GPC-7 1.020 7 30

(Beaded

End)

18N50 N (m)

18NF50

0.5 to 18
N (f)

GPC-7 1.006 7 30

1.006

19S50 WSMA (m)

WSMA to 18 GHz

0.8 to 26.5
male 1.010

3.5 25

19SF50 WSMA (f)

to 26.5 GHz

19K50 K (m)

19KF50

0.8 to 40
K (f)

1.020 1.020 2.9 15

The 54100A utilizes transmission magnitude data to
calculate relative group delay using a Hilbert transform
software technique. No modulation is utilized. No aperture
settings are necessary and frequency converter ALC loops are
not disturbed during testing. The technique is applicable to
devices with minimum phase transfer functions.

RF OUTPUT

OFFSET
SWR
AUTOTESTER

PRECISION
AIR LINE

OPEN/SHORT
HERE FOR
CALIBRATION

54100A NETWORK ANALYZER

Z

x

DEVICE
UNDER
TEST

ABR

Component Connections for Precision
Return Loss Mode

For ISO-9000 based manufacturing, the
accuracy of production tests must be known.
The PRL measurement technique helps to
ensure test process compliance by verifying the

proper performance of test setup components.
The use of NIST traceable Precision Airlines
allow accurate calibration of those components.

Components For High Return Loss Device
Testing

Standard SWR autotesters are internally
terminated to a precision 50 ohm match. The
Offset SWR autotester replaces this 50 ohm
termination with a 15 dB or 20 dB offset
termination. This produces a readily measureable
reference vector.

During measurement, the S

11

reflection vector
of a high return loss will interfere with the
reference - creating a ripple pattern on the
display proportional to the DUT’s return loss.
The ripple pattern is automatically converted to
a return loss display trace by the precision
return loss mode’s software.

Legend

V-type SWR Autotester
K-type SWR Autotester
WSMA-type SWR Autotester
N-type SWR Autotester
K-type Offset SWR Autotester & K Airline
K-type Offset SWR Autotester & WSMA Airline
GPC-7 Offset SWR Autotester & N Airline

PRL ACCESSORY CONFIGURATION CHART AIRLINE SPECIFICATIONS